[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163788},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2023},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2016,"extension":2017,"meta":2018,"navigation":82,"path":2019,"seo":2020,"stem":2021,"__hash__":2022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1972},"minimark",[9,19,25,36,46,51,141,148,155,160,163,200,203,206,217,230,234,237,259,264,293,296,343,346,356,360,363,367,421,423,437,441,501,503,515,521,528,532,535,538,608,610,622,629,632,689,692,733,736,744,756,762,765,798,804,807,838,844,847,860,864,869,873,1051,1053,1068,1071,1075,1185,1187,1206,1210,1274,1276,1285,1288,1292,1366,1368,1377,1384,1388,1398,1401,1436,1441,1444,1474,1478,1480,1519,1522,1524,1561,1568,1571,1623,1625,1633,1643,1650,1654,1659,1709,1711,1725,1728,1732,1735,1811,1814,1833,1836,1866,1876,1880,1887,1895,1902,1908,1917,1925,1932,1935,1939,1968],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-isinstance-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"isinstance()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,24],"p",{},[15,23,17],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,26,27,28,31,32,35],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,29,30],{},"True"," or ",[15,33,34],{},"False",". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,37,38,39,41,42,45],{},"In many cases, ",[15,40,17],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,43,44],{},"type()"," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[47,48,50],"h2",{"id":49},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[52,53,58],"pre",{"className":54,"code":55,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n","python","",[15,59,60,77,84,118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62,65,69,73],"span",{"class":63,"line":64},"line",1,[61,66,68],{"class":67},"su5hD","value ",[61,70,72],{"class":71},"smGrS","=",[61,74,76],{"class":75},"srdBf"," 10\n",[61,78,80],{"class":63,"line":79},2,[61,81,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},true,"\n",[61,85,87,91,95,98,100,104,107,111,114],{"class":63,"line":86},3,[61,88,90],{"class":89},"sptTA","print",[61,92,94],{"class":93},"sP7_E","(",[61,96,97],{"class":89},"isinstance",[61,99,94],{"class":93},[61,101,103],{"class":102},"slqww","value",[61,105,106],{"class":93},",",[61,108,110],{"class":109},"sZMiF"," int",[61,112,113],{"class":93},"))",[61,115,117],{"class":116},"sutJx","   # True\n",[61,119,121,123,125,127,129,131,133,136,138],{"class":63,"line":120},4,[61,122,90],{"class":89},[61,124,94],{"class":93},[61,126,97],{"class":89},[61,128,94],{"class":93},[61,130,103],{"class":102},[61,132,106],{"class":93},[61,134,135],{"class":109}," str",[61,137,113],{"class":93},[61,139,140],{"class":116},"   # False\n",[20,142,143,144,147],{},"Use ",[15,145,146],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[47,149,151,152,154],{"id":150},"what-isinstance-does","What ",[15,153,17],{}," does",[20,156,157,159],{},[15,158,17],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,161,162],{},"It:",[164,165,166,170,177,180],"ul",{},[167,168,169],"li",{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[167,171,172,173,31,175],{},"Returns ",[15,174,30],{},[15,176,34],{},[167,178,179],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[167,181,182,183,186,187,186,190,186,193,196,197],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,184,185],{},"str",", ",[15,188,189],{},"int",[15,191,192],{},"list",[15,194,195],{},"tuple",", and ",[15,198,199],{},"dict",[20,201,202],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,204,205],{},"For example, you might want to:",[164,207,208,211,214],{},[167,209,210],{},"loop through a list",[167,212,213],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[167,215,216],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,218,219,220,31,225,229],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[221,222,224],"a",{"href":223},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F","Python data types overview",[221,226,228],{"href":227},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",".",[47,231,233],{"id":232},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,235,236],{},"The syntax is:",[52,238,240],{"className":54,"code":239,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,241,242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,243,244,246,248,251,253,256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,245,97],{"class":89},[61,247,94],{"class":93},[61,249,250],{"class":109},"object",[61,252,106],{"class":93},[61,254,255],{"class":102}," classinfo",[61,257,258],{"class":93},")\n",[260,261,263],"h3",{"id":262},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[164,265,266,271,286],{},[167,267,268,270],{},[15,269,250],{}," is the value you want to test",[167,272,273,276,277,186,279,186,281,283,284],{},[15,274,275],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,278,189],{},[15,280,185],{},[15,282,192],{},", or ",[15,285,199],{},[167,287,288,289,31,291],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,290,30],{},[15,292,34],{},[20,294,295],{},"Example:",[52,297,299],{"className":54,"code":298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,300,301,319,323],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,302,303,306,308,312,316],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,304,305],{"class":67},"name ",[61,307,72],{"class":71},[61,309,311],{"class":310},"sjJ54"," \"",[61,313,315],{"class":314},"s_sjI","Maya",[61,317,318],{"class":310},"\"\n",[61,320,321],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,322,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,324,325,327,329,331,333,336,338,340],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,326,90],{"class":89},[61,328,94],{"class":93},[61,330,97],{"class":89},[61,332,94],{"class":93},[61,334,335],{"class":102},"name",[61,337,106],{"class":93},[61,339,135],{"class":109},[61,341,342],{"class":93},"))\n",[20,344,345],{},"Output:",[52,347,349],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n",[15,350,351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,352,353],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,354,348],{"class":355},"s39Yj",[47,357,359],{"id":358},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,361,362],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[260,364,366],{"id":365},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[52,368,370],{"className":54,"code":369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,371,372,381,385,403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,373,374,376,378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,375,68],{"class":67},[61,377,72],{"class":71},[61,379,380],{"class":75}," 25\n",[61,382,383],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,384,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,386,387,389,391,393,395,397,399,401],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,388,90],{"class":89},[61,390,94],{"class":93},[61,392,97],{"class":89},[61,394,94],{"class":93},[61,396,103],{"class":102},[61,398,106],{"class":93},[61,400,110],{"class":109},[61,402,342],{"class":93},[61,404,405,407,409,411,413,415,417,419],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,406,90],{"class":89},[61,408,94],{"class":93},[61,410,97],{"class":89},[61,412,94],{"class":93},[61,414,103],{"class":102},[61,416,106],{"class":93},[61,418,135],{"class":109},[61,420,342],{"class":93},[20,422,345],{},[52,424,426],{"className":54,"code":425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\n",[15,427,428,432],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,429,430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,431,348],{"class":355},[61,433,434],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,435,436],{"class":355},"False\n",[260,438,440],{"id":439},"check-text","Check text",[52,442,444],{"className":54,"code":443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,445,446,460,464,483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,447,448,451,453,455,458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,449,450],{"class":67},"text ",[61,452,72],{"class":71},[61,454,311],{"class":310},[61,456,457],{"class":314},"hello",[61,459,318],{"class":310},[61,461,462],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,463,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,465,466,468,470,472,474,477,479,481],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,467,90],{"class":89},[61,469,94],{"class":93},[61,471,97],{"class":89},[61,473,94],{"class":93},[61,475,476],{"class":102},"text",[61,478,106],{"class":93},[61,480,135],{"class":109},[61,482,342],{"class":93},[61,484,485,487,489,491,493,495,497,499],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,486,90],{"class":89},[61,488,94],{"class":93},[61,490,97],{"class":89},[61,492,94],{"class":93},[61,494,476],{"class":102},[61,496,106],{"class":93},[61,498,110],{"class":109},[61,500,342],{"class":93},[20,502,345],{},[52,504,505],{"className":54,"code":425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,506,507,511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,508,509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,510,348],{"class":355},[61,512,513],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,514,436],{"class":355},[20,516,517,518,520],{},"In both examples, ",[15,519,17],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,522,523,524,229],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[221,525,527],{"href":526},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[47,529,531],{"id":530},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,533,534],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,536,537],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[52,539,541],{"className":54,"code":540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,542,543,552,556,583],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,544,545,547,549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,546,68],{"class":67},[61,548,72],{"class":71},[61,550,551],{"class":75}," 3.5\n",[61,553,554],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,555,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,557,558,560,562,564,566,568,570,573,575,577,580],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,559,90],{"class":89},[61,561,94],{"class":93},[61,563,97],{"class":89},[61,565,94],{"class":93},[61,567,103],{"class":102},[61,569,106],{"class":93},[61,571,572],{"class":93}," (",[61,574,189],{"class":109},[61,576,106],{"class":93},[61,578,579],{"class":109}," float",[61,581,582],{"class":93},")))\n",[61,584,585,587,589,591,593,595,597,599,601,603,606],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,586,90],{"class":89},[61,588,94],{"class":93},[61,590,97],{"class":89},[61,592,94],{"class":93},[61,594,103],{"class":102},[61,596,106],{"class":93},[61,598,572],{"class":93},[61,600,185],{"class":109},[61,602,106],{"class":93},[61,604,605],{"class":109}," list",[61,607,582],{"class":93},[20,609,345],{},[52,611,612],{"className":54,"code":425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,613,614,618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,615,616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,617,348],{"class":355},[61,619,620],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,621,436],{"class":355},[20,623,624,625,628],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,626,627],{},"or"," conditions.",[20,630,631],{},"Instead of this:",[52,633,635],{"className":54,"code":634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,636,637,645,649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,638,639,641,643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,640,68],{"class":67},[61,642,72],{"class":71},[61,644,551],{"class":75},[61,646,647],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,648,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,650,651,653,655,658,660,662,665,668,670,674,677,679,681,683,685,687],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,652,90],{"class":89},[61,654,94],{"class":93},[61,656,657],{"class":109},"type",[61,659,94],{"class":93},[61,661,103],{"class":102},[61,663,664],{"class":93},")",[61,666,667],{"class":71}," ==",[61,669,110],{"class":109},[61,671,673],{"class":672},"sVHd0"," or",[61,675,676],{"class":109}," type",[61,678,94],{"class":93},[61,680,103],{"class":102},[61,682,664],{"class":93},[61,684,667],{"class":71},[61,686,579],{"class":109},[61,688,258],{"class":93},[20,690,691],{},"you can write this:",[52,693,695],{"className":54,"code":694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,696,697,705,709],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,698,699,701,703],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,700,68],{"class":67},[61,702,72],{"class":71},[61,704,551],{"class":75},[61,706,707],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,708,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,710,711,713,715,717,719,721,723,725,727,729,731],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,712,90],{"class":89},[61,714,94],{"class":93},[61,716,97],{"class":89},[61,718,94],{"class":93},[61,720,103],{"class":102},[61,722,106],{"class":93},[61,724,572],{"class":93},[61,726,189],{"class":109},[61,728,106],{"class":93},[61,730,579],{"class":109},[61,732,582],{"class":93},[20,734,735],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[47,737,739,741,742],{"id":738},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,740,17],{}," vs ",[15,743,44],{},[20,745,746,747,749,750,755],{},"Both ",[15,748,17],{}," and ",[221,751,753],{"href":752},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,754,44],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[260,757,759],{"id":758},"typevalue-int",[15,760,761],{},"type(value) == int",[20,763,764],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[52,766,768],{"className":54,"code":767,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,769,770,778],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,771,772,774,776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,773,68],{"class":67},[61,775,72],{"class":71},[61,777,76],{"class":75},[61,779,780,782,784,786,788,790,792,794,796],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,781,90],{"class":89},[61,783,94],{"class":93},[61,785,657],{"class":109},[61,787,94],{"class":93},[61,789,103],{"class":102},[61,791,664],{"class":93},[61,793,667],{"class":71},[61,795,110],{"class":109},[61,797,258],{"class":93},[260,799,801],{"id":800},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,802,803],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,805,806],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[52,808,810],{"className":54,"code":809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,811,812,820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,813,814,816,818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,815,68],{"class":67},[61,817,72],{"class":71},[61,819,76],{"class":75},[61,821,822,824,826,828,830,832,834,836],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,823,90],{"class":89},[61,825,94],{"class":93},[61,827,97],{"class":89},[61,829,94],{"class":93},[61,831,103],{"class":102},[61,833,106],{"class":93},[61,835,110],{"class":109},[61,837,342],{"class":93},[20,839,840,841,843],{},"For beginners, ",[15,842,17],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,845,846],{},"In everyday code:",[164,848,849,855],{},[167,850,851,852,854],{},"use ",[15,853,44],{}," when you need the exact type",[167,856,851,857,859],{},[15,858,17],{}," when you want a practical type check",[47,861,863],{"id":862},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,865,866,867,229],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,868,17],{},[260,870,872],{"id":871},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[52,874,876],{"className":54,"code":875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,877,878,901,922,934,939,959,971,976,991,996,1023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,879,880,884,888,890,893,895,898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,881,883],{"class":882},"sbsja","def",[61,885,887],{"class":886},"sGLFI"," repeat_text",[61,889,94],{"class":93},[61,891,476],{"class":892},"sFwrP",[61,894,106],{"class":93},[61,896,897],{"class":892}," count",[61,899,900],{"class":93},"):\n",[61,902,903,906,909,912,914,916,918,920],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,904,905],{"class":672},"    if",[61,907,908],{"class":71}," not",[61,910,911],{"class":89}," isinstance",[61,913,94],{"class":93},[61,915,476],{"class":102},[61,917,106],{"class":93},[61,919,135],{"class":109},[61,921,900],{"class":93},[61,923,924,927,929,932],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,925,926],{"class":672},"        return",[61,928,311],{"class":310},[61,930,931],{"class":314},"text must be a string",[61,933,318],{"class":310},[61,935,936],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,937,938],{"class":67},"    \n",[61,940,942,944,946,948,950,953,955,957],{"class":63,"line":941},5,[61,943,905],{"class":672},[61,945,908],{"class":71},[61,947,911],{"class":89},[61,949,94],{"class":93},[61,951,952],{"class":102},"count",[61,954,106],{"class":93},[61,956,110],{"class":109},[61,958,900],{"class":93},[61,960,962,964,966,969],{"class":63,"line":961},6,[61,963,926],{"class":672},[61,965,311],{"class":310},[61,967,968],{"class":314},"count must be an integer",[61,970,318],{"class":310},[61,972,974],{"class":63,"line":973},7,[61,975,938],{"class":67},[61,977,979,982,985,988],{"class":63,"line":978},8,[61,980,981],{"class":672},"    return",[61,983,984],{"class":67}," text ",[61,986,987],{"class":71},"*",[61,989,990],{"class":67}," count\n",[61,992,994],{"class":63,"line":993},9,[61,995,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,997,999,1001,1003,1006,1008,1011,1014,1016,1018,1021],{"class":63,"line":998},10,[61,1000,90],{"class":89},[61,1002,94],{"class":93},[61,1004,1005],{"class":102},"repeat_text",[61,1007,94],{"class":93},[61,1009,1010],{"class":310},"\"",[61,1012,1013],{"class":314},"Hi ",[61,1015,1010],{"class":310},[61,1017,106],{"class":93},[61,1019,1020],{"class":75}," 3",[61,1022,342],{"class":93},[61,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042,1044,1047,1049],{"class":63,"line":1025},11,[61,1027,90],{"class":89},[61,1029,94],{"class":93},[61,1031,1005],{"class":102},[61,1033,94],{"class":93},[61,1035,1010],{"class":310},[61,1037,1013],{"class":314},[61,1039,1010],{"class":310},[61,1041,106],{"class":93},[61,1043,311],{"class":310},[61,1045,1046],{"class":314},"3",[61,1048,1010],{"class":310},[61,1050,342],{"class":93},[20,1052,345],{},[52,1054,1056],{"className":54,"code":1055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,1057,1058,1063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1059,1060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1061,1062],{"class":67},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[61,1064,1065],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1066,1067],{"class":67},"count must be an integer\n",[20,1069,1070],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[260,1072,1074],{"id":1073},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[52,1076,1078],{"className":54,"code":1077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,1079,1080,1116,1120,1137,1153,1170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1081,1082,1084,1086,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099,1102,1104,1106,1108,1111,1113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1083,68],{"class":67},[61,1085,72],{"class":71},[61,1087,1088],{"class":93}," [",[61,1090,1010],{"class":310},[61,1092,221],{"class":314},[61,1094,1010],{"class":310},[61,1096,106],{"class":93},[61,1098,311],{"class":310},[61,1100,1101],{"class":314},"b",[61,1103,1010],{"class":310},[61,1105,106],{"class":93},[61,1107,311],{"class":310},[61,1109,1110],{"class":314},"c",[61,1112,1010],{"class":310},[61,1114,1115],{"class":93},"]\n",[61,1117,1118],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1119,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,1121,1122,1125,1127,1129,1131,1133,1135],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,1123,1124],{"class":672},"if",[61,1126,911],{"class":89},[61,1128,94],{"class":93},[61,1130,103],{"class":102},[61,1132,106],{"class":93},[61,1134,135],{"class":109},[61,1136,900],{"class":93},[61,1138,1139,1142,1144,1146,1149,1151],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,1140,1141],{"class":89},"    print",[61,1143,94],{"class":93},[61,1145,1010],{"class":310},[61,1147,1148],{"class":314},"This is text",[61,1150,1010],{"class":310},[61,1152,258],{"class":93},[61,1154,1155,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,1156,1157],{"class":672},"elif",[61,1159,911],{"class":89},[61,1161,94],{"class":93},[61,1163,103],{"class":102},[61,1165,106],{"class":93},[61,1167,605],{"class":109},[61,1169,900],{"class":93},[61,1171,1172,1174,1176,1178,1181,1183],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,1173,1141],{"class":89},[61,1175,94],{"class":93},[61,1177,1010],{"class":310},[61,1179,1180],{"class":314},"This is a list",[61,1182,1010],{"class":310},[61,1184,258],{"class":93},[20,1186,345],{},[52,1188,1190],{"className":54,"code":1189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This is a list\n",[15,1191,1192],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1193,1194,1197,1200,1203],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1195,1196],{"class":67},"This ",[61,1198,1199],{"class":71},"is",[61,1201,1202],{"class":67}," a ",[61,1204,1205],{"class":109},"list\n",[260,1207,1209],{"id":1208},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[52,1211,1213],{"className":54,"code":1212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,1214,1215,1228,1232,1248,1263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1216,1217,1219,1221,1223,1226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1218,68],{"class":67},[61,1220,72],{"class":71},[61,1222,311],{"class":310},[61,1224,1225],{"class":314},"42",[61,1227,318],{"class":310},[61,1229,1230],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1231,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,1233,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,1235,1124],{"class":672},[61,1237,911],{"class":89},[61,1239,94],{"class":93},[61,1241,103],{"class":102},[61,1243,106],{"class":93},[61,1245,135],{"class":109},[61,1247,900],{"class":93},[61,1249,1250,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,1251,1252],{"class":67},"    number ",[61,1254,72],{"class":71},[61,1256,110],{"class":109},[61,1258,94],{"class":93},[61,1260,103],{"class":102},[61,1262,258],{"class":93},[61,1264,1265,1267,1269,1272],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,1266,1141],{"class":89},[61,1268,94],{"class":93},[61,1270,1271],{"class":102},"number",[61,1273,258],{"class":93},[20,1275,345],{},[52,1277,1279],{"className":54,"code":1278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n",[15,1280,1281],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1282,1283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1284,1278],{"class":75},[20,1286,1287],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[260,1289,1291],{"id":1290},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[52,1293,1295],{"className":54,"code":1294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,1296,1297,1325,1329,1346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1298,1299,1301,1303,1306,1308,1310,1312,1315,1317,1320,1322],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1300,68],{"class":67},[61,1302,72],{"class":71},[61,1304,1305],{"class":93}," {",[61,1307,1010],{"class":310},[61,1309,335],{"class":314},[61,1311,1010],{"class":310},[61,1313,1314],{"class":93},":",[61,1316,311],{"class":310},[61,1318,1319],{"class":314},"Ana",[61,1321,1010],{"class":310},[61,1323,1324],{"class":93},"}\n",[61,1326,1327],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1328,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,1330,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1344],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,1332,1124],{"class":672},[61,1334,911],{"class":89},[61,1336,94],{"class":93},[61,1338,103],{"class":102},[61,1340,106],{"class":93},[61,1342,1343],{"class":109}," dict",[61,1345,900],{"class":93},[61,1347,1348,1350,1352,1354,1357,1359,1361,1363],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,1349,1141],{"class":89},[61,1351,94],{"class":93},[61,1353,103],{"class":102},[61,1355,1356],{"class":93},"[",[61,1358,1010],{"class":310},[61,1360,335],{"class":314},[61,1362,1010],{"class":310},[61,1364,1365],{"class":93},"])\n",[20,1367,345],{},[52,1369,1371],{"className":54,"code":1370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\n",[15,1372,1373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1374,1375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1376,1370],{"class":67},[20,1378,1379,1380,1383],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,1381,1382],{},"TypeError"," messages later.",[47,1385,1387],{"id":1386},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[260,1389,1391,1392,1395,1396],{"id":1390},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,1393,1394],{},"\"int\""," instead of ",[15,1397,189],{},[20,1399,1400],{},"Wrong:",[52,1402,1404],{"className":54,"code":1403,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,1405,1406,1414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1407,1408,1410,1412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1409,68],{"class":67},[61,1411,72],{"class":71},[61,1413,76],{"class":75},[61,1415,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1417,90],{"class":89},[61,1419,94],{"class":93},[61,1421,97],{"class":89},[61,1423,94],{"class":93},[61,1425,103],{"class":102},[61,1427,106],{"class":93},[61,1429,311],{"class":310},[61,1431,189],{"class":314},[61,1433,1010],{"class":310},[61,1435,342],{"class":93},[20,1437,1438,1440],{},[15,1439,1394],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,1442,1443],{},"Correct:",[52,1445,1446],{"className":54,"code":809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,1447,1448,1456],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1449,1450,1452,1454],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1451,68],{"class":67},[61,1453,72],{"class":71},[61,1455,76],{"class":75},[61,1457,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1459,90],{"class":89},[61,1461,94],{"class":93},[61,1463,97],{"class":89},[61,1465,94],{"class":93},[61,1467,103],{"class":102},[61,1469,106],{"class":93},[61,1471,110],{"class":109},[61,1473,342],{"class":93},[260,1475,1477],{"id":1476},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,1479,1400],{},[52,1481,1483],{"className":54,"code":1482,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,1484,1485,1494],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1486,1487,1489,1491],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1488,68],{"class":67},[61,1490,72],{"class":71},[61,1492,1493],{"class":75}," 5\n",[61,1495,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1497,90],{"class":89},[61,1499,94],{"class":93},[61,1501,97],{"class":89},[61,1503,94],{"class":93},[61,1505,103],{"class":102},[61,1507,106],{"class":93},[61,1509,1088],{"class":93},[61,1511,189],{"class":109},[61,1513,106],{"class":93},[61,1515,579],{"class":109},[61,1517,1518],{"class":93},"]))\n",[20,1520,1521],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,1523,1443],{},[52,1525,1527],{"className":54,"code":1526,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,1528,1529,1537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1530,1531,1533,1535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1532,68],{"class":67},[61,1534,72],{"class":71},[61,1536,1493],{"class":75},[61,1538,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1540,90],{"class":89},[61,1542,94],{"class":93},[61,1544,97],{"class":89},[61,1546,94],{"class":93},[61,1548,103],{"class":102},[61,1550,106],{"class":93},[61,1552,572],{"class":93},[61,1554,189],{"class":109},[61,1556,106],{"class":93},[61,1558,579],{"class":109},[61,1560,582],{"class":93},[260,1562,1564,1565,1567],{"id":1563},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value","Thinking ",[15,1566,17],{}," converts a value",[20,1569,1570],{},"Wrong idea:",[52,1572,1574],{"className":54,"code":1573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,1575,1576,1589,1608,1612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1577,1578,1580,1582,1584,1587],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1579,68],{"class":67},[61,1581,72],{"class":71},[61,1583,311],{"class":310},[61,1585,1586],{"class":314},"123",[61,1588,318],{"class":310},[61,1590,1591,1594,1596,1598,1600,1602,1604,1606],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1592,1593],{"class":67},"result ",[61,1595,72],{"class":71},[61,1597,911],{"class":89},[61,1599,94],{"class":93},[61,1601,103],{"class":102},[61,1603,106],{"class":93},[61,1605,110],{"class":109},[61,1607,258],{"class":93},[61,1609,1610],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,1611,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,1613,1614,1616,1618,1621],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,1615,90],{"class":89},[61,1617,94],{"class":93},[61,1619,1620],{"class":102},"result",[61,1622,258],{"class":93},[20,1624,345],{},[52,1626,1627],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,1628,1629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1630,1631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1632,436],{"class":355},[20,1634,1635,1636,1639,1640,1642],{},"This does not convert ",[15,1637,1638],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,1641,1586],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,1644,1645,1646,1649],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,1647,1648],{},"int(value)"," instead.",[260,1651,1653],{"id":1652},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,1655,1656,1658],{},[15,1657,17],{}," does not modify anything.",[52,1660,1662],{"className":54,"code":1661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,1663,1664,1677,1681,1699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1665,1666,1668,1670,1672,1675],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1667,68],{"class":67},[61,1669,72],{"class":71},[61,1671,311],{"class":310},[61,1673,1674],{"class":314},"100",[61,1676,318],{"class":310},[61,1678,1679],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1680,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,1682,1683,1685,1687,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,1684,90],{"class":89},[61,1686,94],{"class":93},[61,1688,97],{"class":89},[61,1690,94],{"class":93},[61,1692,103],{"class":102},[61,1694,106],{"class":93},[61,1696,135],{"class":109},[61,1698,342],{"class":93},[61,1700,1701,1703,1705,1707],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,1702,90],{"class":89},[61,1704,94],{"class":93},[61,1706,103],{"class":102},[61,1708,258],{"class":93},[20,1710,345],{},[52,1712,1714],{"className":54,"code":1713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n100\n",[15,1715,1716,1720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1717,1718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1719,348],{"class":355},[61,1721,1722],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1723,1724],{"class":75},"100\n",[20,1726,1727],{},"The value stays the same.",[47,1729,1731],{"id":1730},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,1733,1734],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[52,1736,1738],{"className":54,"code":1737,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,1739,1740,1754,1772,1796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1741,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1743,90],{"class":89},[61,1745,94],{"class":93},[61,1747,657],{"class":109},[61,1749,94],{"class":93},[61,1751,103],{"class":102},[61,1753,342],{"class":93},[61,1755,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,1757,90],{"class":89},[61,1759,94],{"class":93},[61,1761,97],{"class":89},[61,1763,94],{"class":93},[61,1765,103],{"class":102},[61,1767,106],{"class":93},[61,1769,110],{"class":109},[61,1771,342],{"class":93},[61,1773,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792,1794],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,1775,90],{"class":89},[61,1777,94],{"class":93},[61,1779,97],{"class":89},[61,1781,94],{"class":93},[61,1783,103],{"class":102},[61,1785,106],{"class":93},[61,1787,572],{"class":93},[61,1789,189],{"class":109},[61,1791,106],{"class":93},[61,1793,579],{"class":109},[61,1795,582],{"class":93},[61,1797,1798,1800,1802,1805,1807,1809],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,1799,90],{"class":89},[61,1801,94],{"class":93},[61,1803,1804],{"class":89},"repr",[61,1806,94],{"class":93},[61,1808,103],{"class":102},[61,1810,342],{"class":93},[20,1812,1813],{},"These can help when:",[164,1815,1816,1819,1824,1827],{},[167,1817,1818],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[167,1820,1821,1822],{},"you are getting a ",[15,1823,1382],{},[167,1825,1826],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[167,1828,1829,1830,1832],{},"the second argument to ",[15,1831,17],{}," is invalid",[20,1834,1835],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[164,1837,1838,1852,1858,1863],{},[167,1839,1840,1841,31,1844,1847,1848,31,1850],{},"using ",[15,1842,1843],{},"'int'",[15,1845,1846],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,1849,189],{},[15,1851,185],{},[167,1853,1854,1855,1857],{},"expecting ",[15,1856,17],{}," to convert a value",[167,1859,1840,1860,1862],{},[15,1861,44],{}," when inherited types should also match",[167,1864,1865],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,1867,1868,1869,229],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[221,1870,1872,1873],{"href":1871},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,1874,1875],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[47,1877,1879],{"id":1878},"faq","FAQ",[260,1881,1883,1884,1886],{"id":1882},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1885,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,1888,1889,1890,1892,1893,229],{},"It returns ",[15,1891,30],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,1894,34],{},[260,1896,1898,1899,1901],{"id":1897},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type","Can ",[15,1900,17],{}," check more than one type?",[20,1903,1904,1905,229],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,1906,1907],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[260,1909,1911,1912,749,1914,1916],{"id":1910},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type","What is the difference between ",[15,1913,17],{},[15,1915,44],{},"?",[20,1918,1919,1921,1922,1924],{},[15,1920,44],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,1923,17],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[260,1926,1928,1929,1931],{"id":1927},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value","Does ",[15,1930,17],{}," convert a value?",[20,1933,1934],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[47,1936,1938],{"id":1937},"see-also","See also",[164,1940,1941,1948,1952,1957,1962],{},[167,1942,1943],{},[221,1944,13,1945,1947],{"href":752},[15,1946,44],{}," function explained",[167,1949,1950],{},[221,1951,224],{"href":223},[167,1953,1954],{},[221,1955,1956],{"href":526},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[167,1958,1959],{},[221,1960,1961],{"href":227},"What is a data type in Python?",[167,1963,1964],{},[221,1965,1872,1966],{"href":1871},[15,1967,1875],{},[1969,1970,1971],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":1973},[1974,1975,1977,1980,1984,1985,1990,1996,2004,2005,2015],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":150,"depth":79,"text":1976},"What isinstance() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":1978},[1979],{"id":262,"depth":86,"text":263},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359,"children":1981},[1982,1983],{"id":365,"depth":86,"text":366},{"id":439,"depth":86,"text":440},{"id":530,"depth":79,"text":531},{"id":738,"depth":79,"text":1986,"children":1987},"isinstance() vs type()",[1988,1989],{"id":758,"depth":86,"text":761},{"id":800,"depth":86,"text":803},{"id":862,"depth":79,"text":863,"children":1991},[1992,1993,1994,1995],{"id":871,"depth":86,"text":872},{"id":1073,"depth":86,"text":1074},{"id":1208,"depth":86,"text":1209},{"id":1290,"depth":86,"text":1291},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":1997},[1998,2000,2001,2003],{"id":1390,"depth":86,"text":1999},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":1476,"depth":86,"text":1477},{"id":1563,"depth":86,"text":2002},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":1652,"depth":86,"text":1653},{"id":1730,"depth":79,"text":1731},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":2006},[2007,2009,2011,2013],{"id":1882,"depth":86,"text":2008},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":1897,"depth":86,"text":2010},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":1910,"depth":86,"text":2012},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":1927,"depth":86,"text":2014},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2016},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",[2024,3614,5314,7007,9143,11340,12854,15030,17234,19693,21532,24097,26193,28475,30423,32334,34331,35765,37594,40116,42273,43501,44865,46511,48828,50481,52463,54157,55410,57104,58855,60827,62577,64677,66037,67988,69551,71542,73337,75237,77679,79757,82397,84426,86389,88577,90581,92894,94576,96021,97215,98393,100233,102673,104377,106392,107916,109161,110324,111706,113777,115674,117448,119314,121433,123173,124635,126229,128152,129829,131764,133253,136037,137614,139173,141201,143153,144616,145805,147691,149102,150798,152352,153774,155177,157075,159469,161300],{"id":2025,"title":2026,"body":2027,"description":3608,"extension":2017,"meta":3609,"navigation":82,"path":3610,"seo":3611,"stem":3612,"__hash__":3613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2028,"toc":3580},[2029,2032,2039,2042,2053,2056,2060,2124,2126,2146,2151,2155,2160,2163,2179,2182,2208,2211,2213,2215,2231,2234,2258,2260,2317,2319,2334,2344,2353,2357,2360,2414,2416,2436,2439,2463,2470,2474,2479,2485,2487,2523,2525,2534,2540,2558,2561,2573,2577,2582,2586,2589,2610,2612,2669,2671,2679,2682,2686,2718,2720,2728,2731,2735,2740,2788,2790,2798,2802,2862,2864,2872,2875,2879,2883,2886,2909,2918,2933,2983,2985,3000,3010,3014,3017,3047,3053,3057,3062,3103,3105,3116,3119,3162,3164,3172,3176,3181,3203,3205,3214,3223,3227,3232,3254,3256,3326,3328,3380,3383,3386,3389,3468,3470,3500,3502,3506,3509,3513,3516,3520,3523,3527,3539,3543,3546,3548,3577],[10,2030,2026],{"id":2031},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2033,2034,2035,2038],{},"The ",[15,2036,2037],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2040,2041],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[164,2043,2044,2047,2050],{},[167,2045,2046],{},"a number without its negative sign",[167,2048,2049],{},"the distance between two numbers",[167,2051,2052],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2054,2055],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[47,2057,2059],{"id":2058},"quick-example","Quick example",[52,2061,2063],{"className":54,"code":2062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2064,2065,2084,2099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2066,2067,2069,2071,2074,2076,2079,2082],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2068,90],{"class":89},[61,2070,94],{"class":93},[61,2072,2073],{"class":89},"abs",[61,2075,94],{"class":93},[61,2077,2078],{"class":71},"-",[61,2080,2081],{"class":75},"7",[61,2083,342],{"class":93},[61,2085,2086,2088,2090,2092,2094,2097],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2087,90],{"class":89},[61,2089,94],{"class":93},[61,2091,2073],{"class":89},[61,2093,94],{"class":93},[61,2095,2096],{"class":75},"3.5",[61,2098,342],{"class":93},[61,2100,2101,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2114,2117,2119,2122],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,2102,90],{"class":89},[61,2104,94],{"class":93},[61,2106,2073],{"class":89},[61,2108,94],{"class":93},[61,2110,2078],{"class":71},[61,2112,2113],{"class":75},"2",[61,2115,2116],{"class":71},"+",[61,2118,1046],{"class":75},[61,2120,2121],{"class":882},"j",[61,2123,342],{"class":93},[20,2125,345],{},[52,2127,2129],{"className":54,"code":2128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2130,2131,2136,2141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2132,2133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2134,2135],{"class":75},"7\n",[61,2137,2138],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2139,2140],{"class":75},"3.5\n",[61,2142,2143],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,2144,2145],{"class":75},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2147,143,2148,2150],{},[15,2149,2037],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[47,2152,2154],{"id":2153},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2156,2157,2159],{},[15,2158,2037],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2161,2162],{},"That means:",[164,2164,2165,2168,2171],{},[167,2166,2167],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[167,2169,2170],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[167,2172,2173,2176,2177],{},[15,2174,2175],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2178,2175],{},[20,2180,2181],{},"Examples:",[164,2183,2184,2193,2201],{},[167,2185,2186,2189,2190],{},[15,2187,2188],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2191,2192],{},"5",[167,2194,2195,2189,2198],{},[15,2196,2197],{},"abs(9)",[15,2199,2200],{},"9",[167,2202,2203,2189,2206],{},[15,2204,2205],{},"abs(0)",[15,2207,2175],{},[20,2209,2210],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[47,2212,233],{"id":232},[20,2214,236],{},[52,2216,2218],{"className":54,"code":2217,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abs(x)\n",[15,2219,2220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2221,2222,2224,2226,2229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2223,2073],{"class":89},[61,2225,94],{"class":93},[61,2227,2228],{"class":102},"x",[61,2230,258],{"class":93},[20,2232,2233],{},"Here:",[164,2235,2236,2250,2255],{},[167,2237,2238,2240,2241,186,2243,283,2246,2249],{},[15,2239,2228],{}," is usually an ",[15,2242,189],{},[15,2244,2245],{},"float",[15,2247,2248],{},"complex"," number",[167,2251,2252,2254],{},[15,2253,2037],{}," returns a new value",[167,2256,2257],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2259,295],{},[52,2261,2263],{"className":54,"code":2262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2264,2265,2278,2293,2297,2307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2266,2267,2270,2272,2275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2268,2269],{"class":67},"number ",[61,2271,72],{"class":71},[61,2273,2274],{"class":71}," -",[61,2276,2277],{"class":75},"12\n",[61,2279,2280,2282,2284,2287,2289,2291],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2281,1593],{"class":67},[61,2283,72],{"class":71},[61,2285,2286],{"class":89}," abs",[61,2288,94],{"class":93},[61,2290,1271],{"class":102},[61,2292,258],{"class":93},[61,2294,2295],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,2296,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,2298,2299,2301,2303,2305],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,2300,90],{"class":89},[61,2302,94],{"class":93},[61,2304,1271],{"class":102},[61,2306,258],{"class":93},[61,2308,2309,2311,2313,2315],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,2310,90],{"class":89},[61,2312,94],{"class":93},[61,2314,1620],{"class":102},[61,2316,258],{"class":93},[20,2318,345],{},[52,2320,2322],{"className":54,"code":2321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-12\n12\n",[15,2323,2324,2330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2325,2326,2328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2327,2078],{"class":71},[61,2329,2277],{"class":75},[61,2331,2332],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2333,2277],{"class":75},[20,2335,2336,2337,2339,2340,2343],{},"Notice that ",[15,2338,1271],{}," is still ",[15,2341,2342],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2345,2346,2347,2352],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[221,2348,2349,2351],{"href":752},[15,2350,44],{}," function"," can help.",[47,2354,2356],{"id":2355},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2358,2359],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[52,2361,2363],{"className":54,"code":2362,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2364,2365,2382,2397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2366,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377,2380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2368,90],{"class":89},[61,2370,94],{"class":93},[61,2372,2073],{"class":89},[61,2374,94],{"class":93},[61,2376,2078],{"class":71},[61,2378,2379],{"class":75},"10",[61,2381,342],{"class":93},[61,2383,2384,2386,2388,2390,2392,2395],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2385,90],{"class":89},[61,2387,94],{"class":93},[61,2389,2073],{"class":89},[61,2391,94],{"class":93},[61,2393,2394],{"class":75},"8",[61,2396,342],{"class":93},[61,2398,2399,2401,2403,2405,2407,2409,2412],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,2400,90],{"class":89},[61,2402,94],{"class":93},[61,2404,2073],{"class":89},[61,2406,94],{"class":93},[61,2408,2078],{"class":71},[61,2410,2411],{"class":75},"4.2",[61,2413,342],{"class":93},[20,2415,345],{},[52,2417,2419],{"className":54,"code":2418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2420,2421,2426,2431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2422,2423],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2424,2425],{"class":75},"10\n",[61,2427,2428],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2429,2430],{"class":75},"8\n",[61,2432,2433],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,2434,2435],{"class":75},"4.2\n",[20,2437,2438],{},"What each line does:",[164,2440,2441,2449,2456],{},[167,2442,2443,2446,2447],{},[15,2444,2445],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2448,2379],{},[167,2450,2451,2446,2454],{},[15,2452,2453],{},"abs(8)",[15,2455,2394],{},[167,2457,2458,2446,2461],{},[15,2459,2460],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2462,2411],{},[20,2464,2465,2466,229],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[221,2467,2469],{"href":2468},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[47,2471,2473],{"id":2472},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2475,2476,2478],{},[15,2477,2037],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2480,2481,2482,2484],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2483,2175],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2486,295],{},[52,2488,2490],{"className":54,"code":2489,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2491,2492,2509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2493,2494,2496,2498,2500,2503,2506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2495,68],{"class":67},[61,2497,72],{"class":71},[61,2499,1020],{"class":75},[61,2501,2502],{"class":71}," +",[61,2504,2505],{"class":75}," 4",[61,2507,2508],{"class":882},"j\n",[61,2510,2511,2513,2515,2517,2519,2521],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2512,90],{"class":89},[61,2514,94],{"class":93},[61,2516,2073],{"class":89},[61,2518,94],{"class":93},[61,2520,103],{"class":102},[61,2522,342],{"class":93},[20,2524,345],{},[52,2526,2528],{"className":54,"code":2527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n",[15,2529,2530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2531,2532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2533,2527],{"class":75},[20,2535,2536,2537,1916],{},"Why ",[15,2538,2539],{},"5.0",[164,2541,2542,2547,2553],{},[167,2543,2544,2545],{},"the real part is ",[15,2546,1046],{},[167,2548,2549,2550],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2551,2552],{},"4",[167,2554,2555,2556],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2557,2539],{},[20,2559,2560],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[164,2562,2563,2570],{},[167,2564,2565,2567,2568],{},[15,2566,2037],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2569,2245],{},[167,2571,2572],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[47,2574,2576],{"id":2575},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2578,2579,2580,229],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2581,2037],{},[260,2583,2585],{"id":2584},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2587,2588],{},"A very common pattern is:",[52,2590,2592],{"className":54,"code":2591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2593,2594],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2595,2596,2598,2600,2603,2605,2608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2597,2073],{"class":89},[61,2599,94],{"class":93},[61,2601,2602],{"class":102},"a ",[61,2604,2078],{"class":71},[61,2606,2607],{"class":102}," b",[61,2609,258],{"class":93},[20,2611,295],{},[52,2613,2615],{"className":54,"code":2614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2616,2617,2626,2635,2639,2658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2618,2619,2621,2623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2620,2602],{"class":67},[61,2622,72],{"class":71},[61,2624,2625],{"class":75}," 3\n",[61,2627,2628,2631,2633],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2629,2630],{"class":67},"b ",[61,2632,72],{"class":71},[61,2634,76],{"class":75},[61,2636,2637],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,2638,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,2640,2641,2644,2646,2648,2650,2652,2654,2656],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,2642,2643],{"class":67},"distance ",[61,2645,72],{"class":71},[61,2647,2286],{"class":89},[61,2649,94],{"class":93},[61,2651,2602],{"class":102},[61,2653,2078],{"class":71},[61,2655,2607],{"class":102},[61,2657,258],{"class":93},[61,2659,2660,2662,2664,2667],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,2661,90],{"class":89},[61,2663,94],{"class":93},[61,2665,2666],{"class":102},"distance",[61,2668,258],{"class":93},[20,2670,345],{},[52,2672,2673],{"className":54,"code":2135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,2674,2675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2676,2677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2678,2135],{"class":75},[20,2680,2681],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[260,2683,2685],{"id":2684},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[52,2687,2689],{"className":54,"code":2688,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2690,2691,2703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2692,2693,2696,2698,2700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2694,2695],{"class":67},"temperature_change ",[61,2697,72],{"class":71},[61,2699,2274],{"class":71},[61,2701,2702],{"class":75},"6\n",[61,2704,2705,2707,2709,2711,2713,2716],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2706,90],{"class":89},[61,2708,94],{"class":93},[61,2710,2073],{"class":89},[61,2712,94],{"class":93},[61,2714,2715],{"class":102},"temperature_change",[61,2717,342],{"class":93},[20,2719,345],{},[52,2721,2722],{"className":54,"code":2702,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,2723,2724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2725,2726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2727,2702],{"class":75},[20,2729,2730],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[260,2732,2734],{"id":2733},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2736,2737,2738,2352],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2739,2037],{},[52,2741,2743],{"className":54,"code":2742,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2744,2745,2757,2773,2777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2746,2747,2750,2752,2754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2748,2749],{"class":67},"balance_change ",[61,2751,72],{"class":71},[61,2753,2274],{"class":71},[61,2755,2756],{"class":75},"25\n",[61,2758,2759,2762,2764,2766,2768,2771],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2760,2761],{"class":67},"safe_value ",[61,2763,72],{"class":71},[61,2765,2286],{"class":89},[61,2767,94],{"class":93},[61,2769,2770],{"class":102},"balance_change",[61,2772,258],{"class":93},[61,2774,2775],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,2776,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,2778,2779,2781,2783,2786],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,2780,90],{"class":89},[61,2782,94],{"class":93},[61,2784,2785],{"class":102},"safe_value",[61,2787,258],{"class":93},[20,2789,345],{},[52,2791,2792],{"className":54,"code":2756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,2793,2794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2795,2796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2797,2756],{"class":75},[260,2799,2801],{"id":2800},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[52,2803,2805],{"className":54,"code":2804,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2806,2807,2817,2827,2831,2851],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2808,2809,2812,2814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2810,2811],{"class":67},"guess ",[61,2813,72],{"class":71},[61,2815,2816],{"class":75}," 42\n",[61,2818,2819,2822,2824],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2820,2821],{"class":67},"target ",[61,2823,72],{"class":71},[61,2825,2826],{"class":75}," 50\n",[61,2828,2829],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,2830,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,2832,2833,2836,2838,2840,2842,2844,2846,2849],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,2834,2835],{"class":67},"difference ",[61,2837,72],{"class":71},[61,2839,2286],{"class":89},[61,2841,94],{"class":93},[61,2843,2811],{"class":102},[61,2845,2078],{"class":71},[61,2847,2848],{"class":102}," target",[61,2850,258],{"class":93},[61,2852,2853,2855,2857,2860],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,2854,90],{"class":89},[61,2856,94],{"class":93},[61,2858,2859],{"class":102},"difference",[61,2861,258],{"class":93},[20,2863,345],{},[52,2865,2866],{"className":54,"code":2430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,2867,2868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2869,2870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2871,2430],{"class":75},[20,2873,2874],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[47,2876,2878],{"id":2877},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[260,2880,2882],{"id":2881},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2884,2885],{},"This causes an error:",[52,2887,2889],{"className":54,"code":2888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2890,2891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2892,2893,2895,2897,2899,2901,2903,2905,2907],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2894,90],{"class":89},[61,2896,94],{"class":93},[61,2898,2073],{"class":89},[61,2900,94],{"class":93},[61,2902,1010],{"class":310},[61,2904,2192],{"class":314},[61,2906,1010],{"class":310},[61,2908,342],{"class":93},[20,2910,2911,2914,2915,2917],{},[15,2912,2913],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2916,2037],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2919,2920,2921,31,2927,1314],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[221,2922,2924],{"href":2923},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2925,2926],{},"int()",[221,2928,2930],{"href":2929},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2931,2932],{},"float()",[52,2934,2936],{"className":54,"code":2935,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2937,2938,2960],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2939,2940,2942,2944,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956,2958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2941,90],{"class":89},[61,2943,94],{"class":93},[61,2945,2073],{"class":89},[61,2947,94],{"class":93},[61,2949,189],{"class":109},[61,2951,94],{"class":93},[61,2953,1010],{"class":310},[61,2955,2192],{"class":314},[61,2957,1010],{"class":310},[61,2959,582],{"class":93},[61,2961,2962,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976,2979,2981],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2963,90],{"class":89},[61,2965,94],{"class":93},[61,2967,2073],{"class":89},[61,2969,94],{"class":93},[61,2971,2245],{"class":109},[61,2973,94],{"class":93},[61,2975,1010],{"class":310},[61,2977,2978],{"class":314},"-3.2",[61,2980,1010],{"class":310},[61,2982,582],{"class":93},[20,2984,345],{},[52,2986,2988],{"className":54,"code":2987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2989,2990,2995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2991,2992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2993,2994],{"class":75},"5\n",[61,2996,2997],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,2998,2999],{"class":75},"3.2\n",[20,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,229],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3004,3005],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[221,3008,3009],{"href":526},"how to convert a string to an int in Python",[260,3011,3013],{"id":3012},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3015,3016],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[52,3018,3020],{"className":54,"code":3019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3021,3022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3023,3024,3026,3028,3030,3033,3036,3038,3041,3043,3045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3025,90],{"class":89},[61,3027,94],{"class":93},[61,3029,2073],{"class":89},[61,3031,3032],{"class":93},"([",[61,3034,3035],{"class":75},"1",[61,3037,106],{"class":93},[61,3039,3040],{"class":75}," 2",[61,3042,106],{"class":93},[61,3044,1020],{"class":75},[61,3046,1518],{"class":93},[20,3048,3049,3050,3052],{},"This raises a ",[15,3051,1382],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[260,3054,3056],{"id":3055},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3058,3059,3061],{},[15,3060,2037],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[52,3063,3065],{"className":54,"code":3064,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3066,3067,3079,3089,3093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3068,3069,3072,3074,3076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3070,3071],{"class":67},"x ",[61,3073,72],{"class":71},[61,3075,2274],{"class":71},[61,3077,3078],{"class":75},"9\n",[61,3080,3081,3083,3085,3087],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,3082,2073],{"class":89},[61,3084,94],{"class":93},[61,3086,2228],{"class":102},[61,3088,258],{"class":93},[61,3090,3091],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,3092,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,3094,3095,3097,3099,3101],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,3096,90],{"class":89},[61,3098,94],{"class":93},[61,3100,2228],{"class":102},[61,3102,258],{"class":93},[20,3104,345],{},[52,3106,3108],{"className":54,"code":3107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-9\n",[15,3109,3110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3111,3112,3114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3113,2078],{"class":71},[61,3115,3078],{"class":75},[20,3117,3118],{},"If you want to store the result:",[52,3120,3122],{"className":54,"code":3121,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3123,3124,3134,3148,3152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3125,3126,3128,3130,3132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3127,3071],{"class":67},[61,3129,72],{"class":71},[61,3131,2274],{"class":71},[61,3133,3078],{"class":75},[61,3135,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,3137,3071],{"class":67},[61,3139,72],{"class":71},[61,3141,2286],{"class":89},[61,3143,94],{"class":93},[61,3145,2228],{"class":102},[61,3147,258],{"class":93},[61,3149,3150],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,3151,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,3153,3154,3156,3158,3160],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,3155,90],{"class":89},[61,3157,94],{"class":93},[61,3159,2228],{"class":102},[61,3161,258],{"class":93},[20,3163,345],{},[52,3165,3166],{"className":54,"code":3078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,3167,3168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3169,3170],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3171,3078],{"class":75},[260,3173,3175],{"id":3174},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3177,3178,3180],{},[15,3179,2037],{}," does not round numbers.",[52,3182,3184],{"className":54,"code":3183,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3185,3186],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3187,3188,3190,3192,3194,3196,3198,3201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3189,90],{"class":89},[61,3191,94],{"class":93},[61,3193,2073],{"class":89},[61,3195,94],{"class":93},[61,3197,2078],{"class":71},[61,3199,3200],{"class":75},"4.7",[61,3202,342],{"class":93},[20,3204,345],{},[52,3206,3208],{"className":54,"code":3207,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4.7\n",[15,3209,3210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3211,3212],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3213,3207],{"class":75},[20,3215,3216,3217,3219,3220,3222],{},"If you expected ",[15,3218,2192],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3221,2037],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[47,3224,3226],{"id":3225},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3228,3229,3231],{},[15,3230,2037],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[164,3233,3234,3241,3248],{},[167,3235,3236,3238,3239],{},[15,3237,189],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3240,189],{},[167,3242,3243,3245,3246],{},[15,3244,2245],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3247,2245],{},[167,3249,3250,3245,3252],{},[15,3251,2248],{},[15,3253,2245],{},[20,3255,295],{},[52,3257,3259],{"className":54,"code":3258,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3260,3261,3281,3302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3262,3263,3265,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277,3279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3264,90],{"class":89},[61,3266,94],{"class":93},[61,3268,657],{"class":109},[61,3270,94],{"class":93},[61,3272,2073],{"class":89},[61,3274,94],{"class":93},[61,3276,2078],{"class":71},[61,3278,2192],{"class":75},[61,3280,582],{"class":93},[61,3282,3283,3285,3287,3289,3291,3293,3295,3297,3300],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,3284,90],{"class":89},[61,3286,94],{"class":93},[61,3288,657],{"class":109},[61,3290,94],{"class":93},[61,3292,2073],{"class":89},[61,3294,94],{"class":93},[61,3296,2078],{"class":71},[61,3298,3299],{"class":75},"3.2",[61,3301,582],{"class":93},[61,3303,3304,3306,3308,3310,3312,3314,3316,3318,3320,3322,3324],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,3305,90],{"class":89},[61,3307,94],{"class":93},[61,3309,657],{"class":109},[61,3311,94],{"class":93},[61,3313,2073],{"class":89},[61,3315,94],{"class":93},[61,3317,1046],{"class":75},[61,3319,2502],{"class":71},[61,3321,2505],{"class":75},[61,3323,2121],{"class":882},[61,3325,582],{"class":93},[20,3327,345],{},[52,3329,3331],{"className":54,"code":3330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3332,3333,3352,3366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3334,3335,3338,3341,3344,3346,3349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3336,3337],{"class":71},"\u003C",[61,3339,3340],{"class":882},"class",[61,3342,3343],{"class":310}," '",[61,3345,189],{"class":314},[61,3347,3348],{"class":310},"'",[61,3350,3351],{"class":71},">\n",[61,3353,3354,3356,3358,3360,3362,3364],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,3355,3337],{"class":71},[61,3357,3340],{"class":882},[61,3359,3343],{"class":310},[61,3361,2245],{"class":314},[61,3363,3348],{"class":310},[61,3365,3351],{"class":71},[61,3367,3368,3370,3372,3374,3376,3378],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,3369,3337],{"class":71},[61,3371,3340],{"class":882},[61,3373,3343],{"class":310},[61,3375,2245],{"class":314},[61,3377,3348],{"class":310},[61,3379,3351],{"class":71},[20,3381,3382],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3384,3385],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3387,3388],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[52,3390,3392],{"className":54,"code":3391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3393,3394,3407,3417,3431,3435,3449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3395,3396,3398,3400,3402,3405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3397,68],{"class":67},[61,3399,72],{"class":71},[61,3401,311],{"class":310},[61,3403,3404],{"class":314},"-5",[61,3406,318],{"class":310},[61,3408,3409,3411,3413,3415],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,3410,90],{"class":89},[61,3412,94],{"class":93},[61,3414,103],{"class":102},[61,3416,258],{"class":93},[61,3418,3419,3421,3423,3425,3427,3429],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,3420,90],{"class":89},[61,3422,94],{"class":93},[61,3424,657],{"class":109},[61,3426,94],{"class":93},[61,3428,103],{"class":102},[61,3430,342],{"class":93},[61,3432,3433],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,3434,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,3436,3437,3440,3442,3444,3447],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,3438,3439],{"class":67},"user_input ",[61,3441,72],{"class":71},[61,3443,311],{"class":310},[61,3445,3446],{"class":314},"-3.7",[61,3448,318],{"class":310},[61,3450,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463,3466],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,3452,90],{"class":89},[61,3454,94],{"class":93},[61,3456,2073],{"class":89},[61,3458,94],{"class":93},[61,3460,2245],{"class":109},[61,3462,94],{"class":93},[61,3464,3465],{"class":102},"user_input",[61,3467,582],{"class":93},[20,3469,345],{},[52,3471,3473],{"className":54,"code":3472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3474,3475,3481,3495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3476,3477,3479],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3478,2078],{"class":71},[61,3480,2994],{"class":75},[61,3482,3483,3485,3487,3489,3491,3493],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,3484,3337],{"class":71},[61,3486,3340],{"class":882},[61,3488,3343],{"class":310},[61,3490,185],{"class":314},[61,3492,3348],{"class":310},[61,3494,3351],{"class":71},[61,3496,3497],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,3498,3499],{"class":75},"3.7\n",[47,3501,1879],{"id":1878},[260,3503,3505],{"id":3504},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3507,3508],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[260,3510,3512],{"id":3511},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3514,3515],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[260,3517,3519],{"id":3518},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3521,3522],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[260,3524,3526],{"id":3525},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3528,3529,3531,3532,31,3534,3536,3537,229],{},[15,3530,3005],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3533,2926],{},[15,3535,2932],{}," before using ",[15,3538,2037],{},[260,3540,3542],{"id":3541},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3544,3545],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[47,3547,1938],{"id":1937},[164,3549,3550,3556,3562,3568,3573],{},[167,3551,3552],{},[221,3553,3554,1947],{"href":2923},[15,3555,2926],{},[167,3557,3558],{},[221,3559,3560,1947],{"href":2929},[15,3561,2932],{},[167,3563,3564],{},[221,3565,3566,1947],{"href":752},[15,3567,44],{},[167,3569,3570],{},[221,3571,3572],{"href":526},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[167,3574,3575],{},[221,3576,2469],{"href":2468},[1969,3578,3579],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":3581},[3582,3583,3584,3585,3586,3587,3593,3599,3600,3607],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":2153,"depth":79,"text":2154},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":2355,"depth":79,"text":2356},{"id":2472,"depth":79,"text":2473},{"id":2575,"depth":79,"text":2576,"children":3588},[3589,3590,3591,3592],{"id":2584,"depth":86,"text":2585},{"id":2684,"depth":86,"text":2685},{"id":2733,"depth":86,"text":2734},{"id":2800,"depth":86,"text":2801},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":3594},[3595,3596,3597,3598],{"id":2881,"depth":86,"text":2882},{"id":3012,"depth":86,"text":3013},{"id":3055,"depth":86,"text":3056},{"id":3174,"depth":86,"text":3175},{"id":3225,"depth":79,"text":3226},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":3601},[3602,3603,3604,3605,3606],{"id":3504,"depth":86,"text":3505},{"id":3511,"depth":86,"text":3512},{"id":3518,"depth":86,"text":3519},{"id":3525,"depth":86,"text":3526},{"id":3541,"depth":86,"text":3542},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2026,"description":3608},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3615,"title":3616,"body":3617,"description":5308,"extension":2017,"meta":5309,"navigation":82,"path":5310,"seo":5311,"stem":5312,"__hash__":5313},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3618,"toc":5272},[3619,3625,3631,3634,3650,3652,3707,3716,3721,3725,3744,3747,3764,3767,3771,3779,3797,3800,3840,3843,3850,3856,3930,3932,3963,3969,3973,3977,4016,4018,4026,4033,4037,4076,4078,4086,4096,4100,4156,4158,4166,4169,4172,4219,4221,4229,4235,4242,4247,4250,4253,4320,4322,4330,4333,4400,4402,4410,4424,4427,4438,4442,4448,4451,4453,4469,4471,4479,4482,4485,4488,4505,4508,4511,4541,4543,4556,4558,4562,4565,4580,4585,4588,4615,4622,4625,4665,4672,4678,4686,4689,4741,4748,4812,4817,4826,4829,4847,4853,4856,4998,5004,5009,5012,5023,5026,5082,5084,5092,5095,5154,5156,5164,5167,5178,5180,5185,5193,5202,5205,5211,5214,5222,5235,5237,5269],[10,3620,13,3622,18],{"id":3621},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3623,3624],{},"all()",[20,3626,3627,3628,3630],{},"Python’s ",[15,3629,3624],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3632,3633],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[164,3635,3636,3639,3642],{},[167,3637,3638],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[167,3640,3641],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[167,3643,3644,2446,3647,3649],{},[15,3645,3646],{},"all([])",[15,3648,30],{},", which often seems strange at first",[47,3651,50],{"id":49},[52,3653,3655],{"className":54,"code":3654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3656,3657,3678,3694],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3658,3659,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3660,3661],{"class":67},"numbers ",[61,3663,72],{"class":71},[61,3665,1088],{"class":93},[61,3667,3035],{"class":75},[61,3669,106],{"class":93},[61,3671,3040],{"class":75},[61,3673,106],{"class":93},[61,3675,1020],{"class":75},[61,3677,1115],{"class":93},[61,3679,3680,3682,3684,3687,3689,3692],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,3681,1593],{"class":67},[61,3683,72],{"class":71},[61,3685,3686],{"class":89}," all",[61,3688,94],{"class":93},[61,3690,3691],{"class":102},"numbers",[61,3693,258],{"class":93},[61,3695,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,3697,90],{"class":89},[61,3699,94],{"class":93},[61,3701,1620],{"class":102},[61,3703,664],{"class":93},[61,3705,3706],{"class":116},"  # True\n",[20,3708,3709,2446,3711,3713,3714,229],{},[15,3710,3624],{},[15,3712,30],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3715,34],{},[47,3717,151,3719,154],{"id":3718},"what-all-does",[15,3720,3624],{},[20,3722,3723,1314],{},[15,3724,3624],{},[164,3726,3727,3730,3736,3741],{},[167,3728,3729],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[167,3731,3732,3733,3735],{},"returns ",[15,3734,30],{}," if all items are truthy",[167,3737,3732,3738,3740],{},[15,3739,34],{}," if any item is falsy",[167,3742,3743],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3745,3746],{},"Basic syntax:",[52,3748,3750],{"className":54,"code":3749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3751,3752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3753,3754,3757,3759,3762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3755,3756],{"class":89},"all",[61,3758,94],{"class":93},[61,3760,3761],{"class":102},"iterable",[61,3763,258],{"class":93},[20,3765,3766],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[47,3768,3770],{"id":3769},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3772,3773,3774,31,3776,3778],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3775,30],{},[15,3777,34],{}," in conditions.",[164,3780,3781,3790],{},[167,3782,3783,3787,3788],{},[3784,3785,3786],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3789,30],{},[167,3791,3792,3787,3795],{},[3784,3793,3794],{},"Falsy",[15,3796,34],{},[20,3798,3799],{},"Common falsy values include:",[164,3801,3802,3806,3811,3816,3821,3825,3830,3835],{},[167,3803,3804],{},[15,3805,2175],{},[167,3807,3808],{},[15,3809,3810],{},"0.0",[167,3812,3813],{},[15,3814,3815],{},"''",[167,3817,3818],{},[15,3819,3820],{},"None",[167,3822,3823],{},[15,3824,34],{},[167,3826,3827],{},[15,3828,3829],{},"[]",[167,3831,3832],{},[15,3833,3834],{},"{}",[167,3836,3837],{},[15,3838,3839],{},"set()",[20,3841,3842],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3844,3845,3846,229],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[221,3847,3849],{"href":3848},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3851,3852,3853,1314],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3854,3855],{},"bool()",[52,3857,3859],{"className":54,"code":3858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3860,3861,3897,3901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3862,3863,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874,3877,3879,3882,3884,3886,3888,3890,3892,3895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3864,3865],{"class":67},"values ",[61,3867,72],{"class":71},[61,3869,1088],{"class":93},[61,3871,3035],{"class":75},[61,3873,106],{"class":93},[61,3875,3876],{"class":75}," 0",[61,3878,106],{"class":93},[61,3880,3881],{"class":310}," ''",[61,3883,106],{"class":93},[61,3885,3343],{"class":310},[61,3887,457],{"class":314},[61,3889,3348],{"class":310},[61,3891,106],{"class":93},[61,3893,3894],{"class":355}," None",[61,3896,1115],{"class":93},[61,3898,3899],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,3900,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,3902,3903,3905,3907,3910,3912,3914,3916,3919,3922,3925,3928],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,3904,90],{"class":89},[61,3906,3032],{"class":93},[61,3908,3909],{"class":109},"bool",[61,3911,94],{"class":93},[61,3913,2228],{"class":102},[61,3915,664],{"class":93},[61,3917,3918],{"class":672}," for",[61,3920,3921],{"class":102}," x ",[61,3923,3924],{"class":672},"in",[61,3926,3927],{"class":102}," values",[61,3929,1365],{"class":93},[20,3931,345],{},[52,3933,3935],{"className":54,"code":3934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3936,3937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3938,3939,3941,3943,3945,3948,3950,3952,3954,3957,3959,3961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3940,1356],{"class":93},[61,3942,30],{"class":355},[61,3944,106],{"class":93},[61,3946,3947],{"class":355}," False",[61,3949,106],{"class":93},[61,3951,3947],{"class":355},[61,3953,106],{"class":93},[61,3955,3956],{"class":355}," True",[61,3958,106],{"class":93},[61,3960,3947],{"class":355},[61,3962,1115],{"class":93},[20,3964,3965,3966,3968],{},"This matters because ",[15,3967,3624],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[47,3970,3972],{"id":3971},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[260,3974,3976],{"id":3975},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[52,3978,3980],{"className":54,"code":3979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3981,3982,4002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3983,3984,3986,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3985,3661],{"class":67},[61,3987,72],{"class":71},[61,3989,1088],{"class":93},[61,3991,3035],{"class":75},[61,3993,106],{"class":93},[61,3995,3040],{"class":75},[61,3997,106],{"class":93},[61,3999,1020],{"class":75},[61,4001,1115],{"class":93},[61,4003,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012,4014],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4005,90],{"class":89},[61,4007,94],{"class":93},[61,4009,3756],{"class":89},[61,4011,94],{"class":93},[61,4013,3691],{"class":102},[61,4015,342],{"class":93},[20,4017,345],{},[52,4019,4020],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4021,4022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4023,4024],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4025,348],{"class":355},[20,4027,4028,4029,2446,4031,229],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4030,3624],{},[15,4032,30],{},[260,4034,4036],{"id":4035},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[52,4038,4040],{"className":54,"code":4039,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4041,4042,4062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4043,4044,4046,4048,4050,4052,4054,4056,4058,4060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4045,3661],{"class":67},[61,4047,72],{"class":71},[61,4049,1088],{"class":93},[61,4051,3035],{"class":75},[61,4053,106],{"class":93},[61,4055,3876],{"class":75},[61,4057,106],{"class":93},[61,4059,1020],{"class":75},[61,4061,1115],{"class":93},[61,4063,4064,4066,4068,4070,4072,4074],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4065,90],{"class":89},[61,4067,94],{"class":93},[61,4069,3756],{"class":89},[61,4071,94],{"class":93},[61,4073,3691],{"class":102},[61,4075,342],{"class":93},[20,4077,345],{},[52,4079,4080],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4081,4082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4083,4084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4085,436],{"class":355},[20,4087,4088,4089,4091,4092,2446,4094,229],{},"The value ",[15,4090,2175],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4093,3624],{},[15,4095,34],{},[260,4097,4099],{"id":4098},"example-strings","Example: strings",[52,4101,4103],{"className":54,"code":4102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4104,4105,4141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4106,4107,4110,4112,4114,4116,4119,4121,4123,4125,4128,4130,4132,4134,4137,4139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4108,4109],{"class":67},"words ",[61,4111,72],{"class":71},[61,4113,1088],{"class":93},[61,4115,3348],{"class":310},[61,4117,4118],{"class":314},"apple",[61,4120,3348],{"class":310},[61,4122,106],{"class":93},[61,4124,3343],{"class":310},[61,4126,4127],{"class":314},"banana",[61,4129,3348],{"class":310},[61,4131,106],{"class":93},[61,4133,3343],{"class":310},[61,4135,4136],{"class":314},"cherry",[61,4138,3348],{"class":310},[61,4140,1115],{"class":93},[61,4142,4143,4145,4147,4149,4151,4154],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4144,90],{"class":89},[61,4146,94],{"class":93},[61,4148,3756],{"class":89},[61,4150,94],{"class":93},[61,4152,4153],{"class":102},"words",[61,4155,342],{"class":93},[20,4157,345],{},[52,4159,4160],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4161,4162],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4163,4164],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4165,348],{"class":355},[20,4167,4168],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4170,4171],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[52,4173,4175],{"className":54,"code":4174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4176,4177,4205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4178,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4180,4109],{"class":67},[61,4182,72],{"class":71},[61,4184,1088],{"class":93},[61,4186,3348],{"class":310},[61,4188,4118],{"class":314},[61,4190,3348],{"class":310},[61,4192,106],{"class":93},[61,4194,3881],{"class":310},[61,4196,106],{"class":93},[61,4198,3343],{"class":310},[61,4200,4136],{"class":314},[61,4202,3348],{"class":310},[61,4204,1115],{"class":93},[61,4206,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215,4217],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4208,90],{"class":89},[61,4210,94],{"class":93},[61,4212,3756],{"class":89},[61,4214,94],{"class":93},[61,4216,4153],{"class":102},[61,4218,342],{"class":93},[20,4220,345],{},[52,4222,4223],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4224,4225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4226,4227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4228,436],{"class":355},[20,4230,4231,4232,4234],{},"The empty string ",[15,4233,3815],{}," is falsy.",[47,4236,4238,4239,4241],{"id":4237},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4240,3624],{}," works with conditions",[20,4243,4244,4246],{},[15,4245,3624],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4248,4249],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4251,4252],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[52,4254,4256],{"className":54,"code":4255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4257,4258,4278,4306,4310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4259,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4261,3661],{"class":67},[61,4263,72],{"class":71},[61,4265,1088],{"class":93},[61,4267,3035],{"class":75},[61,4269,106],{"class":93},[61,4271,3040],{"class":75},[61,4273,106],{"class":93},[61,4275,1020],{"class":75},[61,4277,1115],{"class":93},[61,4279,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4304],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4281,1593],{"class":67},[61,4283,72],{"class":71},[61,4285,3686],{"class":89},[61,4287,94],{"class":93},[61,4289,3071],{"class":102},[61,4291,4292],{"class":71},">",[61,4294,3876],{"class":75},[61,4296,3918],{"class":672},[61,4298,3921],{"class":102},[61,4300,3924],{"class":672},[61,4302,4303],{"class":102}," numbers",[61,4305,258],{"class":93},[61,4307,4308],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,4309,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,4311,4312,4314,4316,4318],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,4313,90],{"class":89},[61,4315,94],{"class":93},[61,4317,1620],{"class":102},[61,4319,258],{"class":93},[20,4321,345],{},[52,4323,4324],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4325,4326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4327,4328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4329,348],{"class":355},[20,4331,4332],{},"Here is one that fails:",[52,4334,4336],{"className":54,"code":4335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4337,4338,4360,4386,4390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4339,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4341,3661],{"class":67},[61,4343,72],{"class":71},[61,4345,1088],{"class":93},[61,4347,3035],{"class":75},[61,4349,106],{"class":93},[61,4351,2274],{"class":71},[61,4353,2113],{"class":75},[61,4355,106],{"class":93},[61,4357,1020],{"class":75},[61,4359,1115],{"class":93},[61,4361,4362,4364,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4363,1593],{"class":67},[61,4365,72],{"class":71},[61,4367,3686],{"class":89},[61,4369,94],{"class":93},[61,4371,3071],{"class":102},[61,4373,4292],{"class":71},[61,4375,3876],{"class":75},[61,4377,3918],{"class":672},[61,4379,3921],{"class":102},[61,4381,3924],{"class":672},[61,4383,4303],{"class":102},[61,4385,258],{"class":93},[61,4387,4388],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,4389,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,4391,4392,4394,4396,4398],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,4393,90],{"class":89},[61,4395,94],{"class":93},[61,4397,1620],{"class":102},[61,4399,258],{"class":93},[20,4401,345],{},[52,4403,4404],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4405,4406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4407,4408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4409,436],{"class":355},[20,4411,4412,4413,4416,4417,4419,4420,2446,4422,229],{},"The expression ",[15,4414,4415],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4418,30],{},", then ",[15,4421,3624],{},[15,4423,30],{},[20,4425,4426],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4428,4429,4430,749,4434,229],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[221,4431,4433],{"href":4432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[221,4435,4437],{"href":4436},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[47,4439,4441],{"id":4440},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4443,4444,2446,4446,229],{},[15,4445,3646],{},[15,4447,30],{},[20,4449,4450],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4452,295],{},[52,4454,4456],{"className":54,"code":4455,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4457,4458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4459,4460,4462,4464,4466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4461,90],{"class":89},[61,4463,94],{"class":93},[61,4465,3756],{"class":89},[61,4467,4468],{"class":93},"([]))\n",[20,4470,345],{},[52,4472,4473],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4474,4475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4476,4477],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4478,348],{"class":355},[20,4480,4481],{},"Why?",[20,4483,4484],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4486,4487],{},"Think of it this way:",[164,4489,4490,4497,4500],{},[167,4491,4492,2446,4494,4496],{},[15,4493,3624],{},[15,4495,34],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[167,4498,4499],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[167,4501,4502,4503],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4504,34],{},[20,4506,4507],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4509,4510],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[52,4512,4514],{"className":54,"code":4513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4515,4516,4527],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4517,4518,4520,4522,4524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4519,90],{"class":89},[61,4521,94],{"class":93},[61,4523,3756],{"class":89},[61,4525,4526],{"class":93},"(()))\n",[61,4528,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4530,90],{"class":89},[61,4532,94],{"class":93},[61,4534,3756],{"class":89},[61,4536,94],{"class":93},[61,4538,3815],{"class":310},[61,4540,342],{"class":93},[20,4542,345],{},[52,4544,4546],{"className":54,"code":4545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4547,4548,4552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4549,4550],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4551,348],{"class":355},[61,4553,4554],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4555,348],{"class":355},[47,4557,1387],{"id":1386},[260,4559,4561],{"id":4560},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4563,4564],{},"This is wrong:",[52,4566,4568],{"className":54,"code":4567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4569,4570,4575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4571,4572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4573,4574],{"class":116},"# Wrong\n",[61,4576,4577],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4578,4579],{"class":116},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4581,4582,4584],{},[15,4583,3624],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4586,4587],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[52,4589,4591],{"className":54,"code":4590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4592,4593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4594,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4596,90],{"class":89},[61,4598,94],{"class":93},[61,4600,3756],{"class":89},[61,4602,3032],{"class":93},[61,4604,3035],{"class":75},[61,4606,106],{"class":93},[61,4608,3040],{"class":75},[61,4610,106],{"class":93},[61,4612,1020],{"class":75},[61,4614,1518],{"class":93},[260,4616,4618,4619,4621],{"id":4617},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4620,3624],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4623,4624],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[52,4626,4628],{"className":54,"code":4627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4629,4630,4651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4631,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4645,4647,4649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4633,3661],{"class":67},[61,4635,72],{"class":71},[61,4637,1088],{"class":93},[61,4639,2192],{"class":75},[61,4641,106],{"class":93},[61,4643,4644],{"class":75}," 5",[61,4646,106],{"class":93},[61,4648,4644],{"class":75},[61,4650,1115],{"class":93},[61,4652,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4654,90],{"class":89},[61,4656,94],{"class":93},[61,4658,3756],{"class":89},[61,4660,94],{"class":93},[61,4662,3691],{"class":102},[61,4664,342],{"class":93},[20,4666,4667,4668,4671],{},"This does ",[3784,4669,4670],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4673,4674,4675,4677],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4676,2192],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[52,4679,4680],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,4681,4682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4683,4684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4685,348],{"class":355},[20,4687,4688],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[52,4690,4692],{"className":54,"code":4691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4693,4694,4714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4695,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4697,3661],{"class":67},[61,4699,72],{"class":71},[61,4701,1088],{"class":93},[61,4703,2192],{"class":75},[61,4705,106],{"class":93},[61,4707,4644],{"class":75},[61,4709,106],{"class":93},[61,4711,4644],{"class":75},[61,4713,1115],{"class":93},[61,4715,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724,4726,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4717,90],{"class":89},[61,4719,94],{"class":93},[61,4721,3756],{"class":89},[61,4723,94],{"class":93},[61,4725,3071],{"class":102},[61,4727,4728],{"class":71},"==",[61,4730,4644],{"class":75},[61,4732,3918],{"class":672},[61,4734,3921],{"class":102},[61,4736,3924],{"class":672},[61,4738,4303],{"class":102},[61,4740,342],{"class":93},[260,4742,4744,4745,4747],{"id":4743},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4746,2175],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[52,4749,4751],{"className":54,"code":4750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4752,4753,4779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4754,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773,4776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4756,90],{"class":89},[61,4758,94],{"class":93},[61,4760,3756],{"class":89},[61,4762,3032],{"class":93},[61,4764,3035],{"class":75},[61,4766,106],{"class":93},[61,4768,3040],{"class":75},[61,4770,106],{"class":93},[61,4772,3876],{"class":75},[61,4774,4775],{"class":93},"]))",[61,4777,4778],{"class":116},"       # False\n",[61,4780,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805,4807,4809],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4782,90],{"class":89},[61,4784,94],{"class":93},[61,4786,3756],{"class":89},[61,4788,3032],{"class":93},[61,4790,3348],{"class":310},[61,4792,221],{"class":314},[61,4794,3348],{"class":310},[61,4796,106],{"class":93},[61,4798,3343],{"class":310},[61,4800,1101],{"class":314},[61,4802,3348],{"class":310},[61,4804,106],{"class":93},[61,4806,3881],{"class":310},[61,4808,4775],{"class":93},[61,4810,4811],{"class":116},"  # False\n",[20,4813,4814,4815,229],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4816,34],{},[260,4818,4820,4821,4823,4824],{"id":4819},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4822,3646],{}," is ",[15,4825,30],{},[20,4827,4828],{},"This is expected behavior:",[52,4830,4832],{"className":54,"code":4831,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4833,4834],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4835,4836,4838,4840,4842,4845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4837,90],{"class":89},[61,4839,94],{"class":93},[61,4841,3756],{"class":89},[61,4843,4844],{"class":93},"([]))",[61,4846,3706],{"class":116},[20,4848,4849,4850,4852],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4851,30],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4854,4855],{},"Useful quick tests:",[52,4857,4859],{"className":54,"code":4858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4860,4861,4883,4905,4952,4988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4862,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4864,90],{"class":89},[61,4866,94],{"class":93},[61,4868,3756],{"class":89},[61,4870,3032],{"class":93},[61,4872,3035],{"class":75},[61,4874,106],{"class":93},[61,4876,3040],{"class":75},[61,4878,106],{"class":93},[61,4880,1020],{"class":75},[61,4882,1518],{"class":93},[61,4884,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,4886,90],{"class":89},[61,4888,94],{"class":93},[61,4890,3756],{"class":89},[61,4892,3032],{"class":93},[61,4894,3035],{"class":75},[61,4896,106],{"class":93},[61,4898,3876],{"class":75},[61,4900,106],{"class":93},[61,4902,1020],{"class":75},[61,4904,1518],{"class":93},[61,4906,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4935,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,4908,90],{"class":89},[61,4910,3032],{"class":93},[61,4912,3909],{"class":109},[61,4914,94],{"class":93},[61,4916,2228],{"class":102},[61,4918,664],{"class":93},[61,4920,3918],{"class":672},[61,4922,3921],{"class":102},[61,4924,3924],{"class":672},[61,4926,1088],{"class":93},[61,4928,3035],{"class":75},[61,4930,106],{"class":93},[61,4932,3876],{"class":75},[61,4934,106],{"class":93},[61,4936,3881],{"class":310},[61,4938,106],{"class":93},[61,4940,3343],{"class":310},[61,4942,457],{"class":314},[61,4944,3348],{"class":310},[61,4946,106],{"class":93},[61,4948,3894],{"class":355},[61,4950,4951],{"class":93},"]])\n",[61,4953,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,4955,90],{"class":89},[61,4957,94],{"class":93},[61,4959,3756],{"class":89},[61,4961,94],{"class":93},[61,4963,3071],{"class":102},[61,4965,4292],{"class":71},[61,4967,3876],{"class":75},[61,4969,3918],{"class":672},[61,4971,3921],{"class":102},[61,4973,3924],{"class":672},[61,4975,1088],{"class":93},[61,4977,3035],{"class":75},[61,4979,106],{"class":93},[61,4981,3040],{"class":75},[61,4983,106],{"class":93},[61,4985,1020],{"class":75},[61,4987,1518],{"class":93},[61,4989,4990,4992,4994,4996],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,4991,90],{"class":89},[61,4993,94],{"class":93},[61,4995,3756],{"class":89},[61,4997,4468],{"class":93},[47,4999,5001,5002],{"id":5000},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5003,3624],{},[20,5005,5006,5008],{},[15,5007,3624],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5010,5011],{},"Common use cases:",[164,5013,5014,5017,5020],{},[167,5015,5016],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[167,5018,5019],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[167,5021,5022],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5024,5025],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[52,5027,5029],{"className":54,"code":5028,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5030,5031,5067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5032,5033,5036,5038,5040,5042,5045,5047,5049,5051,5054,5056,5058,5060,5063,5065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5034,5035],{"class":67},"names ",[61,5037,72],{"class":71},[61,5039,1088],{"class":93},[61,5041,3348],{"class":310},[61,5043,5044],{"class":314},"Alice",[61,5046,3348],{"class":310},[61,5048,106],{"class":93},[61,5050,3343],{"class":310},[61,5052,5053],{"class":314},"Bob",[61,5055,3348],{"class":310},[61,5057,106],{"class":93},[61,5059,3343],{"class":310},[61,5061,5062],{"class":314},"Charlie",[61,5064,3348],{"class":310},[61,5066,1115],{"class":93},[61,5068,5069,5071,5073,5075,5077,5080],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5070,90],{"class":89},[61,5072,94],{"class":93},[61,5074,3756],{"class":89},[61,5076,94],{"class":93},[61,5078,5079],{"class":102},"names",[61,5081,342],{"class":93},[20,5083,345],{},[52,5085,5086],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,5087,5088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5089,5090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5091,348],{"class":355},[20,5093,5094],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[52,5096,5098],{"className":54,"code":5097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5099,5100,5124],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5101,5102,5105,5107,5109,5112,5114,5117,5119,5122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5103,5104],{"class":67},"scores ",[61,5106,72],{"class":71},[61,5108,1088],{"class":93},[61,5110,5111],{"class":75},"75",[61,5113,106],{"class":93},[61,5115,5116],{"class":75}," 80",[61,5118,106],{"class":93},[61,5120,5121],{"class":75}," 50",[61,5123,1115],{"class":93},[61,5125,5126,5128,5130,5132,5134,5137,5140,5142,5144,5147,5149,5152],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5127,90],{"class":89},[61,5129,94],{"class":93},[61,5131,3756],{"class":89},[61,5133,94],{"class":93},[61,5135,5136],{"class":102},"score ",[61,5138,5139],{"class":71},">=",[61,5141,5121],{"class":75},[61,5143,3918],{"class":672},[61,5145,5146],{"class":102}," score ",[61,5148,3924],{"class":672},[61,5150,5151],{"class":102}," scores",[61,5153,342],{"class":93},[20,5155,345],{},[52,5157,5158],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,5159,5160],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5161,5162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5163,348],{"class":355},[20,5165,5166],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5168,5169,5170,749,5174,229],{},"For related tasks, see ",[221,5171,5173],{"href":5172},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[221,5175,5177],{"href":5176},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[47,5179,1879],{"id":1878},[260,5181,1883,5183,1886],{"id":5182},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5184,3624],{},[20,5186,1889,5187,5189,5190,5192],{},[15,5188,30],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5191,34],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[260,5194,5196,5197,5199,5200,1916],{"id":5195},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5198,3646],{}," return ",[15,5201,30],{},[20,5203,5204],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[260,5206,1898,5208,5210],{"id":5207},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5209,3624],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5212,5213],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[260,5215,1911,5217,749,5219,1916],{"id":5216},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5218,3624],{},[15,5220,5221],{},"any()",[20,5223,5224,5226,5227,5229,5230,229],{},[15,5225,3624],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5228,5221],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[221,5231,13,5233,1947],{"href":5232},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5234,5221],{},[47,5236,1938],{"id":1937},[164,5238,5239,5245,5249,5254,5259,5264],{},[167,5240,5241],{},[221,5242,13,5243,1947],{"href":5232},[15,5244,5221],{},[167,5246,5247],{},[221,5248,3849],{"href":3848},[167,5250,5251],{},[221,5252,5253],{"href":5176},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[167,5255,5256],{},[221,5257,5258],{"href":5172},"How to filter a list in Python",[167,5260,5261],{},[221,5262,5263],{"href":4432},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[167,5265,5266],{},[221,5267,5268],{"href":4436},"What is an iterable in Python",[1969,5270,5271],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":5273},[5274,5275,5277,5278,5283,5285,5286,5295,5297,5307],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":3718,"depth":79,"text":5276},"What all() does",{"id":3769,"depth":79,"text":3770},{"id":3971,"depth":79,"text":3972,"children":5279},[5280,5281,5282],{"id":3975,"depth":86,"text":3976},{"id":4035,"depth":86,"text":4036},{"id":4098,"depth":86,"text":4099},{"id":4237,"depth":79,"text":5284},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4440,"depth":79,"text":4441},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":5287},[5288,5289,5291,5293],{"id":4560,"depth":86,"text":4561},{"id":4617,"depth":86,"text":5290},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4743,"depth":86,"text":5292},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4819,"depth":86,"text":5294},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5000,"depth":79,"text":5296},"When to use all()",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":5298},[5299,5301,5303,5305],{"id":5182,"depth":86,"text":5300},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5195,"depth":86,"text":5302},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5207,"depth":86,"text":5304},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5216,"depth":86,"text":5306},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3616,"description":5308},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5315,"title":5316,"body":5317,"description":7002,"extension":2017,"meta":7003,"navigation":82,"path":5232,"seo":7004,"stem":7005,"__hash__":7006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5318,"toc":6980},[5319,5322,5330,5333,5350,5358,5401,5410,5414,5419,5422,5439,5442,5453,5465,5469,5472,5487,5492,5495,5507,5510,5595,5598,5619,5625,5627,5635,5649,5651,5685,5687,5690,5751,5753,5770,5773,5800,5802,5810,5822,5826,5829,5868,5870,5878,5880,5896,5904,5907,5950,5952,5960,5965,5969,5977,5980,6007,6010,6013,6087,6089,6097,6104,6128,6139,6142,6221,6223,6231,6238,6242,6247,6262,6264,6272,6275,6281,6284,6330,6332,6349,6353,6358,6369,6372,6481,6484,6543,6549,6551,6556,6560,6562,6581,6587,6590,6609,6613,6622,6649,6651,6659,6666,6670,6676,6699,6701,6709,6716,6720,6723,6774,6777,6828,6831,6833,6837,6844,6848,6855,6859,6867,6871,6874,6896,6898,6948,6950,6977],[10,5320,5316],{"id":5321},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5323,5324,5326,5327,229],{},[15,5325,5221],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3784,5328,5329],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5331,5332],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[164,5334,5335,5338,5341,5344,5347],{},[167,5336,5337],{},"lists",[167,5339,5340],{},"tuples",[167,5342,5343],{},"sets",[167,5345,5346],{},"strings",[167,5348,5349],{},"generator expressions",[20,5351,5352,5353,31,5355,5357],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5354,30],{},[15,5356,34],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[52,5359,5361],{"className":54,"code":5360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5362,5363,5383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5364,5365,5367,5369,5371,5373,5375,5377,5379,5381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5366,3865],{"class":67},[61,5368,72],{"class":71},[61,5370,1088],{"class":93},[61,5372,2175],{"class":75},[61,5374,106],{"class":93},[61,5376,3881],{"class":310},[61,5378,106],{"class":93},[61,5380,4644],{"class":75},[61,5382,1115],{"class":93},[61,5384,5385,5387,5389,5392,5394,5397,5399],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5386,90],{"class":89},[61,5388,94],{"class":93},[61,5390,5391],{"class":89},"any",[61,5393,94],{"class":93},[61,5395,5396],{"class":102},"values",[61,5398,113],{"class":93},[61,5400,3706],{"class":116},[20,5402,143,5403,5406,5407,5409],{},[15,5404,5405],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5408,30],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[47,5411,5413],{"id":5412},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5415,5416,5418],{},[15,5417,5221],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5420,5421],{},"It returns:",[164,5423,5424,5429,5434],{},[167,5425,5426,5428],{},[15,5427,30],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[167,5430,5431,5433],{},[15,5432,34],{}," if all items are falsy",[167,5435,5436,5438],{},[15,5437,34],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5440,5441],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[164,5443,5444,5447,5450],{},[167,5445,5446],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[167,5448,5449],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[167,5451,5452],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5454,5455,5456,5459,5460,229],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3784,5457,5458],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[221,5461,5463],{"href":5462},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5464,3624],{},[47,5466,5468],{"id":5467},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5470,5471],{},"The syntax is simple:",[52,5473,5475],{"className":54,"code":5474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5476,5477],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5478,5479,5481,5483,5485],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5480,5391],{"class":89},[61,5482,94],{"class":93},[61,5484,3761],{"class":102},[61,5486,258],{"class":93},[20,5488,5489,5490,229],{},"The argument must be an ",[3784,5491,3761],{},[20,5493,5494],{},"Common inputs include:",[164,5496,5497,5499,5501,5503,5505],{},[167,5498,5337],{},[167,5500,5340],{},[167,5502,5343],{},[167,5504,5346],{},[167,5506,5349],{},[20,5508,5509],{},"For example:",[52,5511,5513],{"className":54,"code":5512,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5514,5515,5538,5557,5577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5516,5517,5519,5521,5523,5525,5527,5529,5531,5533,5536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5518,90],{"class":89},[61,5520,94],{"class":93},[61,5522,5391],{"class":89},[61,5524,3032],{"class":93},[61,5526,2175],{"class":75},[61,5528,106],{"class":93},[61,5530,3876],{"class":75},[61,5532,106],{"class":93},[61,5534,5535],{"class":75}," 1",[61,5537,1518],{"class":93},[61,5539,5540,5542,5544,5546,5549,5551,5553,5555],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5541,90],{"class":89},[61,5543,94],{"class":93},[61,5545,5391],{"class":89},[61,5547,5548],{"class":93},"((",[61,5550,34],{"class":355},[61,5552,106],{"class":93},[61,5554,3947],{"class":355},[61,5556,582],{"class":93},[61,5558,5559,5561,5563,5565,5568,5570,5572,5574],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,5560,90],{"class":89},[61,5562,94],{"class":93},[61,5564,5391],{"class":89},[61,5566,5567],{"class":93},"({",[61,5569,2175],{"class":75},[61,5571,106],{"class":93},[61,5573,3040],{"class":75},[61,5575,5576],{"class":93},"}))\n",[61,5578,5579,5581,5583,5585,5587,5589,5591,5593],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,5580,90],{"class":89},[61,5582,94],{"class":93},[61,5584,5391],{"class":89},[61,5586,94],{"class":93},[61,5588,1010],{"class":310},[61,5590,457],{"class":314},[61,5592,1010],{"class":310},[61,5594,342],{"class":93},[20,5596,5597],{},"Expected output:",[52,5599,5601],{"className":54,"code":5600,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5602,5603,5607,5611,5615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5604,5605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5606,348],{"class":355},[61,5608,5609],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5610,436],{"class":355},[61,5612,5613],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,5614,348],{"class":355},[61,5616,5617],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,5618,348],{"class":355},[20,5620,5621,5622,229],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[221,5623,5177],{"href":5624},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[47,5626,3770],{"id":3769},[20,5628,3773,5629,31,5632,3778],{},[3784,5630,5631],{},"truthy",[3784,5633,5634],{},"falsy",[164,5636,5637,5643],{},[167,5638,5639,3787,5641],{},[3784,5640,3786],{},[15,5642,30],{},[167,5644,5645,3787,5647],{},[3784,5646,3794],{},[15,5648,34],{},[20,5650,3799],{},[164,5652,5653,5657,5661,5665,5669,5673,5677,5681],{},[167,5654,5655],{},[15,5656,34],{},[167,5658,5659],{},[15,5660,2175],{},[167,5662,5663],{},[15,5664,3810],{},[167,5666,5667],{},[15,5668,3815],{},[167,5670,5671],{},[15,5672,3829],{},[167,5674,5675],{},[15,5676,3834],{},[167,5678,5679],{},[15,5680,3839],{},[167,5682,5683],{},[15,5684,3820],{},[20,5686,3842],{},[20,5688,5689],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[52,5691,5693],{"className":54,"code":5692,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5694,5695,5709,5727],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5696,5697,5699,5701,5703,5705,5707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5698,90],{"class":89},[61,5700,94],{"class":93},[61,5702,5391],{"class":89},[61,5704,3032],{"class":93},[61,5706,3035],{"class":75},[61,5708,1518],{"class":93},[61,5710,5711,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5712,90],{"class":89},[61,5714,94],{"class":93},[61,5716,5391],{"class":89},[61,5718,3032],{"class":93},[61,5720,3348],{"class":310},[61,5722,457],{"class":314},[61,5724,3348],{"class":310},[61,5726,1518],{"class":93},[61,5728,5729,5731,5733,5735,5738,5740,5742,5744,5746,5748],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,5730,90],{"class":89},[61,5732,94],{"class":93},[61,5734,5391],{"class":89},[61,5736,5737],{"class":93},"([[",[61,5739,3035],{"class":75},[61,5741,106],{"class":93},[61,5743,3040],{"class":75},[61,5745,106],{"class":93},[61,5747,1020],{"class":75},[61,5749,5750],{"class":93},"]]))\n",[20,5752,5597],{},[52,5754,5756],{"className":54,"code":5755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5757,5758,5762,5766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5759,5760],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5761,348],{"class":355},[61,5763,5764],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5765,348],{"class":355},[61,5767,5768],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,5769,348],{"class":355},[20,5771,5772],{},"And these are all falsy:",[52,5774,5776],{"className":54,"code":5775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5777,5778],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5779,5780,5782,5784,5786,5788,5790,5792,5794,5796,5798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5781,90],{"class":89},[61,5783,94],{"class":93},[61,5785,5391],{"class":89},[61,5787,3032],{"class":93},[61,5789,2175],{"class":75},[61,5791,106],{"class":93},[61,5793,3881],{"class":310},[61,5795,106],{"class":93},[61,5797,3894],{"class":355},[61,5799,1518],{"class":93},[20,5801,5597],{},[52,5803,5804],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,5805,5806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5807,5808],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5809,436],{"class":355},[20,5811,5812,5813,749,5816,229],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[221,5814,3849],{"href":5815},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[221,5817,5819,5821],{"href":5818},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5820,3855],{}," explained",[47,5823,5825],{"id":5824},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5827,5828],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[52,5830,5832],{"className":54,"code":5831,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5833,5834,5854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5835,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850,5852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5837,3865],{"class":67},[61,5839,72],{"class":71},[61,5841,1088],{"class":93},[61,5843,2175],{"class":75},[61,5845,106],{"class":93},[61,5847,3881],{"class":310},[61,5849,106],{"class":93},[61,5851,4644],{"class":75},[61,5853,1115],{"class":93},[61,5855,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5857,90],{"class":89},[61,5859,94],{"class":93},[61,5861,5391],{"class":89},[61,5863,94],{"class":93},[61,5865,5396],{"class":102},[61,5867,342],{"class":93},[20,5869,345],{},[52,5871,5872],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,5873,5874],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5875,5876],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5877,348],{"class":355},[20,5879,4481],{},[164,5881,5882,5887,5891],{},[167,5883,5884,5886],{},[15,5885,2175],{}," is falsy",[167,5888,5889,5886],{},[15,5890,3815],{},[167,5892,5893,5895],{},[15,5894,2192],{}," is truthy",[20,5897,5898,5899,2446,5902,229],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5900,5901],{},"any(values)",[15,5903,30],{},[20,5905,5906],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[52,5908,5910],{"className":54,"code":5909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5911,5912,5936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5913,5914,5916,5918,5920,5922,5924,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5915,3865],{"class":67},[61,5917,72],{"class":71},[61,5919,1088],{"class":93},[61,5921,2175],{"class":75},[61,5923,106],{"class":93},[61,5925,3881],{"class":310},[61,5927,106],{"class":93},[61,5929,3894],{"class":355},[61,5931,106],{"class":93},[61,5933,3947],{"class":355},[61,5935,1115],{"class":93},[61,5937,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,5939,90],{"class":89},[61,5941,94],{"class":93},[61,5943,5391],{"class":89},[61,5945,94],{"class":93},[61,5947,5396],{"class":102},[61,5949,342],{"class":93},[20,5951,345],{},[52,5953,5954],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,5955,5956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5957,5958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5959,436],{"class":355},[20,5961,5962,5963,229],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5964,34],{},[47,5966,5968],{"id":5967},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5970,5971,5973,5974,229],{},[15,5972,5221],{}," is often used with a ",[3784,5975,5976],{},"generator expression",[20,5978,5979],{},"This is a common pattern:",[52,5981,5983],{"className":54,"code":5982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5984,5985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5986,5987,5989,5991,5994,5997,6000,6002,6005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5988,5391],{"class":89},[61,5990,94],{"class":93},[61,5992,5993],{"class":102},"condition ",[61,5995,5996],{"class":672},"for",[61,5998,5999],{"class":102}," item ",[61,6001,3924],{"class":672},[61,6003,6004],{"class":102}," items",[61,6006,258],{"class":93},[20,6008,6009],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6011,6012],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[52,6014,6016],{"className":54,"code":6015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6017,6018,6046,6050,6077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6019,6020,6022,6024,6026,6028,6030,6033,6035,6037,6039,6041,6044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6021,3661],{"class":67},[61,6023,72],{"class":71},[61,6025,1088],{"class":93},[61,6027,2552],{"class":75},[61,6029,106],{"class":93},[61,6031,6032],{"class":75}," 7",[61,6034,106],{"class":93},[61,6036,2274],{"class":71},[61,6038,2113],{"class":75},[61,6040,106],{"class":93},[61,6042,6043],{"class":75}," 10",[61,6045,1115],{"class":93},[61,6047,6048],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6049,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,6051,6052,6054,6056,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6073,6075],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,6053,1593],{"class":67},[61,6055,72],{"class":71},[61,6057,6058],{"class":89}," any",[61,6060,94],{"class":93},[61,6062,3071],{"class":102},[61,6064,3337],{"class":71},[61,6066,3876],{"class":75},[61,6068,3918],{"class":672},[61,6070,3921],{"class":102},[61,6072,3924],{"class":672},[61,6074,4303],{"class":102},[61,6076,258],{"class":93},[61,6078,6079,6081,6083,6085],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,6080,90],{"class":89},[61,6082,94],{"class":93},[61,6084,1620],{"class":102},[61,6086,258],{"class":93},[20,6088,345],{},[52,6090,6091],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6092,6093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6094,6095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6096,348],{"class":355},[20,6098,6099,6100,6103],{},"This works because ",[15,6101,6102],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[164,6105,6106,6114,6121],{},[167,6107,6108,6111,6112],{},[15,6109,6110],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6113,34],{},[167,6115,6116,6111,6119],{},[15,6117,6118],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6120,34],{},[167,6122,6123,6111,6126],{},[15,6124,6125],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6127,30],{},[20,6129,6130,6131,6133,6134,6136,6137,229],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6132,30],{}," result, ",[15,6135,5221],{}," can return ",[15,6138,30],{},[20,6140,6141],{},"Here is another example:",[52,6143,6145],{"className":54,"code":6144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6146,6147,6176,6180,6210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6148,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159,6161,6163,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6150,4109],{"class":67},[61,6152,72],{"class":71},[61,6154,1088],{"class":93},[61,6156,1010],{"class":310},[61,6158,4118],{"class":314},[61,6160,1010],{"class":310},[61,6162,106],{"class":93},[61,6164,6165],{"class":310}," \"\"",[61,6167,106],{"class":93},[61,6169,311],{"class":310},[61,6171,4127],{"class":314},[61,6173,1010],{"class":310},[61,6175,1115],{"class":93},[61,6177,6178],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6179,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,6181,6182,6185,6187,6189,6191,6194,6196,6198,6200,6203,6205,6208],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,6183,6184],{"class":67},"has_empty_string ",[61,6186,72],{"class":71},[61,6188,6058],{"class":89},[61,6190,94],{"class":93},[61,6192,6193],{"class":102},"word ",[61,6195,4728],{"class":71},[61,6197,6165],{"class":310},[61,6199,3918],{"class":672},[61,6201,6202],{"class":102}," word ",[61,6204,3924],{"class":672},[61,6206,6207],{"class":102}," words",[61,6209,258],{"class":93},[61,6211,6212,6214,6216,6219],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,6213,90],{"class":89},[61,6215,94],{"class":93},[61,6217,6218],{"class":102},"has_empty_string",[61,6220,258],{"class":93},[20,6222,345],{},[52,6224,6225],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6226,6227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6228,6229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6230,348],{"class":355},[20,6232,6233,6234,229],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[221,6235,6237],{"href":6236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[47,6239,6241],{"id":6240},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6243,6244,6245,1314],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6246,34],{},[52,6248,6250],{"className":54,"code":6249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6251,6252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6253,6254,6256,6258,6260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6255,90],{"class":89},[61,6257,94],{"class":93},[61,6259,5391],{"class":89},[61,6261,4468],{"class":93},[20,6263,345],{},[52,6265,6266],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6267,6268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6269,6270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6271,436],{"class":355},[20,6273,6274],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6276,6277,6278,6280],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6279,5221],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6282,6283],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[52,6285,6287],{"className":54,"code":6286,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6288,6289,6299,6314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6290,6291,6293,6295,6297],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6292,90],{"class":89},[61,6294,94],{"class":93},[61,6296,5391],{"class":89},[61,6298,4526],{"class":93},[61,6300,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309,6312],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6302,90],{"class":89},[61,6304,94],{"class":93},[61,6306,5391],{"class":89},[61,6308,94],{"class":93},[61,6310,6311],{"class":310},"\"\"",[61,6313,342],{"class":93},[61,6315,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6327],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,6317,90],{"class":89},[61,6319,94],{"class":93},[61,6321,5391],{"class":89},[61,6323,94],{"class":93},[61,6325,6326],{"class":109},"set",[61,6328,6329],{"class":93},"()))\n",[20,6331,345],{},[52,6333,6335],{"className":54,"code":6334,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6336,6337,6341,6345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6338,6339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6340,436],{"class":355},[61,6342,6343],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6344,436],{"class":355},[61,6346,6347],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,6348,436],{"class":355},[47,6350,6352],{"id":6351},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6354,143,6355,6357],{},[15,6356,5221],{}," when you want to:",[164,6359,6360,6363,6366],{},[167,6361,6362],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[167,6364,6365],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[167,6367,6368],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6370,6371],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[52,6373,6375],{"className":54,"code":6374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6376,6377,6402,6406,6416,6420,6434,6451,6461,6466,6470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6378,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6380,3661],{"class":67},[61,6382,72],{"class":71},[61,6384,1088],{"class":93},[61,6386,3035],{"class":75},[61,6388,106],{"class":93},[61,6390,1020],{"class":75},[61,6392,106],{"class":93},[61,6394,4644],{"class":75},[61,6396,106],{"class":93},[61,6398,6399],{"class":75}," 8",[61,6401,1115],{"class":93},[61,6403,6404],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6405,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,6407,6408,6411,6413],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,6409,6410],{"class":67},"found_even ",[61,6412,72],{"class":71},[61,6414,6415],{"class":355}," False\n",[61,6417,6418],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,6419,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,6421,6422,6424,6427,6429,6431],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,6423,5996],{"class":672},[61,6425,6426],{"class":67}," number ",[61,6428,3924],{"class":672},[61,6430,4303],{"class":67},[61,6432,6433],{"class":93},":\n",[61,6435,6436,6438,6440,6443,6445,6447,6449],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,6437,905],{"class":672},[61,6439,6426],{"class":67},[61,6441,6442],{"class":71},"%",[61,6444,3040],{"class":75},[61,6446,667],{"class":71},[61,6448,3876],{"class":75},[61,6450,6433],{"class":93},[61,6452,6453,6456,6458],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,6454,6455],{"class":67},"        found_even ",[61,6457,72],{"class":71},[61,6459,6460],{"class":355}," True\n",[61,6462,6463],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,6464,6465],{"class":672},"        break\n",[61,6467,6468],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,6469,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,6471,6472,6474,6476,6479],{"class":63,"line":998},[61,6473,90],{"class":89},[61,6475,94],{"class":93},[61,6477,6478],{"class":102},"found_even",[61,6480,258],{"class":93},[20,6482,6483],{},"You can write:",[52,6485,6487],{"className":54,"code":6486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6488,6489,6513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6490,6491,6493,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6492,3661],{"class":67},[61,6494,72],{"class":71},[61,6496,1088],{"class":93},[61,6498,3035],{"class":75},[61,6500,106],{"class":93},[61,6502,1020],{"class":75},[61,6504,106],{"class":93},[61,6506,4644],{"class":75},[61,6508,106],{"class":93},[61,6510,6399],{"class":75},[61,6512,1115],{"class":93},[61,6514,6515,6517,6519,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537,6539,6541],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6516,90],{"class":89},[61,6518,94],{"class":93},[61,6520,5391],{"class":89},[61,6522,94],{"class":93},[61,6524,2269],{"class":102},[61,6526,6442],{"class":71},[61,6528,3040],{"class":75},[61,6530,667],{"class":71},[61,6532,3876],{"class":75},[61,6534,3918],{"class":672},[61,6536,6426],{"class":102},[61,6538,3924],{"class":672},[61,6540,4303],{"class":102},[61,6542,342],{"class":93},[20,6544,6545,6546,6548],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6547,5221],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[47,6550,1387],{"id":1386},[20,6552,6553,6554,229],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6555,5221],{},[260,6557,6559],{"id":6558},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6561,4564],{},[52,6563,6565],{"className":54,"code":6564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6566,6567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6568,6569,6571,6573,6575,6577,6579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6570,90],{"class":89},[61,6572,94],{"class":93},[61,6574,5391],{"class":89},[61,6576,94],{"class":93},[61,6578,2192],{"class":75},[61,6580,342],{"class":93},[20,6582,6583,6584,6586],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6585,2192],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6588,6589],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[52,6591,6593],{"className":54,"code":6592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6594,6595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6596,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6598,90],{"class":89},[61,6600,94],{"class":93},[61,6602,5391],{"class":89},[61,6604,3032],{"class":93},[61,6606,2192],{"class":75},[61,6608,1518],{"class":93},[260,6610,6612],{"id":6611},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6614,6615,6617,6618,6621],{},[15,6616,5221],{}," needs only ",[3784,6619,6620],{},"one"," truthy item.",[52,6623,6625],{"className":54,"code":6624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6626,6627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6628,6629,6631,6633,6635,6637,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6630,90],{"class":89},[61,6632,94],{"class":93},[61,6634,5391],{"class":89},[61,6636,3032],{"class":93},[61,6638,34],{"class":355},[61,6640,106],{"class":93},[61,6642,3947],{"class":355},[61,6644,106],{"class":93},[61,6646,3956],{"class":355},[61,6648,1518],{"class":93},[20,6650,345],{},[52,6652,6653],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6654,6655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6656,6657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6658,348],{"class":355},[20,6660,6661,6662,1649],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[221,6663,6664],{"href":5462},[15,6665,3624],{},[260,6667,6669],{"id":6668},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6671,6672,6673,229],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6674,6675],{},"\"True\"",[52,6677,6679],{"className":54,"code":6678,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6680,6681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6682,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6684,90],{"class":89},[61,6686,94],{"class":93},[61,6688,5391],{"class":89},[61,6690,3032],{"class":93},[61,6692,1010],{"class":310},[61,6694,34],{"class":314},[61,6696,1010],{"class":310},[61,6698,1518],{"class":93},[20,6700,345],{},[52,6702,6703],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6704,6705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6706,6707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6708,348],{"class":355},[20,6710,6711,6712,6715],{},"That is because ",[15,6713,6714],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[260,6717,6719],{"id":6718},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6721,6722],{},"This works:",[52,6724,6726],{"className":54,"code":6725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6727,6728,6748],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6729,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742,6744,6746],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6731,3661],{"class":67},[61,6733,72],{"class":71},[61,6735,1088],{"class":93},[61,6737,3035],{"class":75},[61,6739,106],{"class":93},[61,6741,3040],{"class":75},[61,6743,106],{"class":93},[61,6745,1020],{"class":75},[61,6747,1115],{"class":93},[61,6749,6750,6752,6754,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766,6768,6770,6772],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6751,90],{"class":89},[61,6753,94],{"class":93},[61,6755,5391],{"class":89},[61,6757,3032],{"class":93},[61,6759,3071],{"class":102},[61,6761,4292],{"class":71},[61,6763,3040],{"class":75},[61,6765,3918],{"class":672},[61,6767,3921],{"class":102},[61,6769,3924],{"class":672},[61,6771,4303],{"class":102},[61,6773,1518],{"class":93},[20,6775,6776],{},"But this is usually better:",[52,6778,6780],{"className":54,"code":6779,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6781,6782,6802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6783,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6785,3661],{"class":67},[61,6787,72],{"class":71},[61,6789,1088],{"class":93},[61,6791,3035],{"class":75},[61,6793,106],{"class":93},[61,6795,3040],{"class":75},[61,6797,106],{"class":93},[61,6799,1020],{"class":75},[61,6801,1115],{"class":93},[61,6803,6804,6806,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824,6826],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6805,90],{"class":89},[61,6807,94],{"class":93},[61,6809,5391],{"class":89},[61,6811,94],{"class":93},[61,6813,3071],{"class":102},[61,6815,4292],{"class":71},[61,6817,3040],{"class":75},[61,6819,3918],{"class":672},[61,6821,3921],{"class":102},[61,6823,3924],{"class":672},[61,6825,4303],{"class":102},[61,6827,342],{"class":93},[20,6829,6830],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[47,6832,1879],{"id":1878},[260,6834,6836],{"id":6835},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6838,1889,6839,6841,6842,229],{},[15,6840,30],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6843,34],{},[260,6845,6847],{"id":6846},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6849,6850,2446,6852,6854],{},[15,6851,5221],{},[15,6853,34],{}," for an empty iterable.",[260,6856,6858],{"id":6857},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6860,6861,6863,6864,6866],{},[15,6862,5221],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6865,3624],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[260,6868,6870],{"id":6869},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6872,6873],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[52,6875,6876],{"className":54,"code":5982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6877,6878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6879,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892,6894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6881,5391],{"class":89},[61,6883,94],{"class":93},[61,6885,5993],{"class":102},[61,6887,5996],{"class":672},[61,6889,5999],{"class":102},[61,6891,3924],{"class":672},[61,6893,6004],{"class":102},[61,6895,258],{"class":93},[20,6897,5509],{},[52,6899,6900],{"className":54,"code":6779,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,6901,6902,6922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6903,6904,6906,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6905,3661],{"class":67},[61,6907,72],{"class":71},[61,6909,1088],{"class":93},[61,6911,3035],{"class":75},[61,6913,106],{"class":93},[61,6915,3040],{"class":75},[61,6917,106],{"class":93},[61,6919,1020],{"class":75},[61,6921,1115],{"class":93},[61,6923,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942,6944,6946],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,6925,90],{"class":89},[61,6927,94],{"class":93},[61,6929,5391],{"class":89},[61,6931,94],{"class":93},[61,6933,3071],{"class":102},[61,6935,4292],{"class":71},[61,6937,3040],{"class":75},[61,6939,3918],{"class":672},[61,6941,3921],{"class":102},[61,6943,3924],{"class":672},[61,6945,4303],{"class":102},[61,6947,342],{"class":93},[47,6949,1938],{"id":1937},[164,6951,6952,6958,6962,6966,6971],{},[167,6953,6954],{},[221,6955,6956,1947],{"href":5462},[15,6957,3624],{},[167,6959,6960],{},[221,6961,3849],{"href":5815},[167,6963,6964],{},[221,6965,5253],{"href":5624},[167,6967,6968],{},[221,6969,6970],{"href":6236},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[167,6972,6973],{},[221,6974,6975,1947],{"href":5818},[15,6976,3855],{},[1969,6978,6979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":6981},[6982,6983,6984,6985,6986,6987,6988,6989,6995,7001],{"id":5412,"depth":79,"text":5413},{"id":5467,"depth":79,"text":5468},{"id":3769,"depth":79,"text":3770},{"id":5824,"depth":79,"text":5825},{"id":5967,"depth":79,"text":5968},{"id":6240,"depth":79,"text":6241},{"id":6351,"depth":79,"text":6352},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":6990},[6991,6992,6993,6994],{"id":6558,"depth":86,"text":6559},{"id":6611,"depth":86,"text":6612},{"id":6668,"depth":86,"text":6669},{"id":6718,"depth":86,"text":6719},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":6996},[6997,6998,6999,7000],{"id":6835,"depth":86,"text":6836},{"id":6846,"depth":86,"text":6847},{"id":6857,"depth":86,"text":6858},{"id":6869,"depth":86,"text":6870},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5316,"description":7002},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7008,"title":7009,"body":7010,"description":9137,"extension":2017,"meta":9138,"navigation":82,"path":9139,"seo":9140,"stem":9141,"__hash__":9142},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7011,"toc":9100},[7012,7015,7024,7033,7035,7132,7134,7163,7179,7183,7188,7191,7201,7207,7213,7229,7231,7239,7246,7250,7253,7268,7273,7291,7296,7298,7346,7348,7365,7369,7375,7378,7413,7415,7521,7523,7560,7564,7572,7574,7594,7596,7716,7718,7747,7750,7773,7775,7783,7791,7795,7801,7805,7848,7850,7858,7861,7889,7891,7899,7903,7931,7933,7941,7973,7975,7983,7987,8038,8040,8048,8056,8060,8063,8115,8117,8136,8143,8147,8153,8156,8164,8186,8188,8196,8204,8227,8229,8237,8242,8247,8259,8261,8302,8313,8317,8326,8329,8331,8389,8392,8444,8447,8453,8469,8475,8477,8482,8491,8494,8516,8518,8526,8531,8534,8569,8571,8579,8583,8588,8626,8638,8641,8696,8704,8708,8711,8733,8742,8745,8786,8788,8811,8817,8823,8838,8840,8859,8862,8881,8883,8902,8906,8912,8991,8994,9008,9015,9017,9021,9028,9032,9036,9040,9045,9049,9054,9058,9065,9067,9097],[10,7013,7009],{"id":7014},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7016,2034,7017,7019,7020,31,7022,229],{},[15,7018,3855],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7021,30],{},[15,7023,34],{},[20,7025,7026,7027,7029,7030,7032],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7028,3855],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7031,1124],{}," statements and other conditions.",[47,7034,50],{"id":49},[52,7036,7038],{"className":54,"code":7037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7039,7040,7054,7068,7082,7100,7110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7041,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7043,90],{"class":89},[61,7045,94],{"class":93},[61,7047,3909],{"class":109},[61,7049,94],{"class":93},[61,7051,2175],{"class":75},[61,7053,342],{"class":93},[61,7055,7056,7058,7060,7062,7064,7066],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7057,90],{"class":89},[61,7059,94],{"class":93},[61,7061,3909],{"class":109},[61,7063,94],{"class":93},[61,7065,3035],{"class":75},[61,7067,342],{"class":93},[61,7069,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,7071,90],{"class":89},[61,7073,94],{"class":93},[61,7075,3909],{"class":109},[61,7077,94],{"class":93},[61,7079,6311],{"class":310},[61,7081,342],{"class":93},[61,7083,7084,7086,7088,7090,7092,7094,7096,7098],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,7085,90],{"class":89},[61,7087,94],{"class":93},[61,7089,3909],{"class":109},[61,7091,94],{"class":93},[61,7093,1010],{"class":310},[61,7095,457],{"class":314},[61,7097,1010],{"class":310},[61,7099,342],{"class":93},[61,7101,7102,7104,7106,7108],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,7103,90],{"class":89},[61,7105,94],{"class":93},[61,7107,3909],{"class":109},[61,7109,4468],{"class":93},[61,7111,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,7113,90],{"class":89},[61,7115,94],{"class":93},[61,7117,3909],{"class":109},[61,7119,3032],{"class":93},[61,7121,3035],{"class":75},[61,7123,106],{"class":93},[61,7125,3040],{"class":75},[61,7127,106],{"class":93},[61,7129,1020],{"class":75},[61,7131,1518],{"class":93},[20,7133,5597],{},[52,7135,7137],{"className":54,"code":7136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7138,7139,7143,7147,7151,7155,7159],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7140,7141],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7142,436],{"class":355},[61,7144,7145],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7146,348],{"class":355},[61,7148,7149],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,7150,436],{"class":355},[61,7152,7153],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,7154,348],{"class":355},[61,7156,7157],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,7158,436],{"class":355},[61,7160,7161],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,7162,348],{"class":355},[20,7164,143,7165,7168,7169,31,7171,7173,7174,7176,7177,229],{},[15,7166,7167],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7170,30],{},[15,7172,34],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7175,34],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7178,30],{},[47,7180,7182],{"id":7181},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7184,7185,7187],{},[15,7186,3855],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7189,7190],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[164,7192,7193,7197],{},[167,7194,7195],{},[15,7196,30],{},[167,7198,7199],{},[15,7200,34],{},[20,7202,7203,7204,7206],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7205,1124],{}," statements.",[20,7208,7209,7210,7212],{},"You can also call ",[15,7211,3855],{}," with no argument:",[52,7214,7216],{"className":54,"code":7215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool())\n",[15,7217,7218],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7219,7220,7222,7224,7226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7221,90],{"class":89},[61,7223,94],{"class":93},[61,7225,3909],{"class":109},[61,7227,7228],{"class":93},"())\n",[20,7230,345],{},[52,7232,7233],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7234,7235],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7236,7237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7238,436],{"class":355},[20,7240,7241,7242,229],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[221,7243,7245],{"href":7244},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[47,7247,7249],{"id":7248},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7251,7252],{},"The basic syntax is:",[52,7254,7256],{"className":54,"code":7255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bool(value)\n",[15,7257,7258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7259,7260,7262,7264,7266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7261,3909],{"class":109},[61,7263,94],{"class":93},[61,7265,103],{"class":102},[61,7267,258],{"class":93},[20,7269,2034,7270,7272],{},[15,7271,103],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[164,7274,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7286,7288],{},[167,7276,3691],{},[167,7278,5346],{},[167,7280,5337],{},[167,7282,5340],{},[167,7284,7285],{},"dictionaries",[167,7287,5343],{},[167,7289,7290],{},"other objects",[20,7292,7293,7294,229],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7295,34],{},[20,7297,295],{},[52,7299,7301],{"className":54,"code":7300,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7302,7303,7317,7336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7304,7305,7307,7309,7311,7313,7315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7306,90],{"class":89},[61,7308,94],{"class":93},[61,7310,3909],{"class":109},[61,7312,94],{"class":93},[61,7314,2379],{"class":75},[61,7316,342],{"class":93},[61,7318,7319,7321,7323,7325,7327,7329,7332,7334],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7320,90],{"class":89},[61,7322,94],{"class":93},[61,7324,3909],{"class":109},[61,7326,94],{"class":93},[61,7328,1010],{"class":310},[61,7330,7331],{"class":314},"Python",[61,7333,1010],{"class":310},[61,7335,342],{"class":93},[61,7337,7338,7340,7342,7344],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,7339,90],{"class":89},[61,7341,94],{"class":93},[61,7343,3909],{"class":109},[61,7345,7228],{"class":93},[20,7347,345],{},[52,7349,7351],{"className":54,"code":7350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7352,7353,7357,7361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7354,7355],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7356,348],{"class":355},[61,7358,7359],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7360,348],{"class":355},[61,7362,7363],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,7364,436],{"class":355},[47,7366,7368],{"id":7367},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7370,7371,7372,7374],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3784,7373,5634],{}," values.",[20,7376,7377],{},"Common examples:",[164,7379,7380,7384,7388,7392,7396,7401,7405,7409],{},[167,7381,7382],{},[15,7383,2175],{},[167,7385,7386],{},[15,7387,3810],{},[167,7389,7390],{},[15,7391,6311],{},[167,7393,7394],{},[15,7395,3829],{},[167,7397,7398],{},[15,7399,7400],{},"()",[167,7402,7403],{},[15,7404,3834],{},[167,7406,7407],{},[15,7408,3839],{},[167,7410,7411],{},[15,7412,3820],{},[20,7414,295],{},[52,7416,7418],{"className":54,"code":7417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7419,7420,7434,7448,7462,7472,7482,7493,7507],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7421,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430,7432],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7423,90],{"class":89},[61,7425,94],{"class":93},[61,7427,3909],{"class":109},[61,7429,94],{"class":93},[61,7431,2175],{"class":75},[61,7433,342],{"class":93},[61,7435,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7446],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7437,90],{"class":89},[61,7439,94],{"class":93},[61,7441,3909],{"class":109},[61,7443,94],{"class":93},[61,7445,3810],{"class":75},[61,7447,342],{"class":93},[61,7449,7450,7452,7454,7456,7458,7460],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,7451,90],{"class":89},[61,7453,94],{"class":93},[61,7455,3909],{"class":109},[61,7457,94],{"class":93},[61,7459,6311],{"class":310},[61,7461,342],{"class":93},[61,7463,7464,7466,7468,7470],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,7465,90],{"class":89},[61,7467,94],{"class":93},[61,7469,3909],{"class":109},[61,7471,4468],{"class":93},[61,7473,7474,7476,7478,7480],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,7475,90],{"class":89},[61,7477,94],{"class":93},[61,7479,3909],{"class":109},[61,7481,4526],{"class":93},[61,7483,7484,7486,7488,7490],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,7485,90],{"class":89},[61,7487,94],{"class":93},[61,7489,3909],{"class":109},[61,7491,7492],{"class":93},"({}))\n",[61,7494,7495,7497,7499,7501,7503,7505],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,7496,90],{"class":89},[61,7498,94],{"class":93},[61,7500,3909],{"class":109},[61,7502,94],{"class":93},[61,7504,6326],{"class":109},[61,7506,6329],{"class":93},[61,7508,7509,7511,7513,7515,7517,7519],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,7510,90],{"class":89},[61,7512,94],{"class":93},[61,7514,3909],{"class":109},[61,7516,94],{"class":93},[61,7518,3820],{"class":355},[61,7520,342],{"class":93},[20,7522,345],{},[52,7524,7526],{"className":54,"code":7525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7527,7528,7532,7536,7540,7544,7548,7552,7556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7529,7530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7531,436],{"class":355},[61,7533,7534],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7535,436],{"class":355},[61,7537,7538],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,7539,436],{"class":355},[61,7541,7542],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,7543,436],{"class":355},[61,7545,7546],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,7547,436],{"class":355},[61,7549,7550],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,7551,436],{"class":355},[61,7553,7554],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,7555,436],{"class":355},[61,7557,7558],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,7559,436],{"class":355},[47,7561,7563],{"id":7562},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7565,7566,7567,7569,7570,7374],{},"Many values become ",[15,7568,30],{},". These are often called ",[3784,7571,5631],{},[20,7573,7377],{},[164,7575,7576,7579,7582,7585,7588,7591],{},[167,7577,7578],{},"non-zero numbers",[167,7580,7581],{},"non-empty strings",[167,7583,7584],{},"non-empty lists",[167,7586,7587],{},"non-empty tuples",[167,7589,7590],{},"non-empty sets",[167,7592,7593],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7595,295],{},[52,7597,7599],{"className":54,"code":7598,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7600,7601,7615,7631,7649,7671,7689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7602,7603,7605,7607,7609,7611,7613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7604,90],{"class":89},[61,7606,94],{"class":93},[61,7608,3909],{"class":109},[61,7610,94],{"class":93},[61,7612,2192],{"class":75},[61,7614,342],{"class":93},[61,7616,7617,7619,7621,7623,7625,7627,7629],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7618,90],{"class":89},[61,7620,94],{"class":93},[61,7622,3909],{"class":109},[61,7624,94],{"class":93},[61,7626,2078],{"class":71},[61,7628,2113],{"class":75},[61,7630,342],{"class":93},[61,7632,7633,7635,7637,7639,7641,7643,7645,7647],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,7634,90],{"class":89},[61,7636,94],{"class":93},[61,7638,3909],{"class":109},[61,7640,94],{"class":93},[61,7642,1010],{"class":310},[61,7644,457],{"class":314},[61,7646,1010],{"class":310},[61,7648,342],{"class":93},[61,7650,7651,7653,7655,7657,7659,7661,7663,7665,7667,7669],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,7652,90],{"class":89},[61,7654,94],{"class":93},[61,7656,3909],{"class":109},[61,7658,3032],{"class":93},[61,7660,3035],{"class":75},[61,7662,106],{"class":93},[61,7664,3040],{"class":75},[61,7666,106],{"class":93},[61,7668,1020],{"class":75},[61,7670,1518],{"class":93},[61,7672,7673,7675,7677,7679,7681,7683,7685,7687],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,7674,90],{"class":89},[61,7676,94],{"class":93},[61,7678,3909],{"class":109},[61,7680,5548],{"class":93},[61,7682,3035],{"class":75},[61,7684,106],{"class":93},[61,7686,3040],{"class":75},[61,7688,582],{"class":93},[61,7690,7691,7693,7695,7697,7699,7701,7703,7705,7707,7709,7712,7714],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,7692,90],{"class":89},[61,7694,94],{"class":93},[61,7696,3909],{"class":109},[61,7698,5567],{"class":93},[61,7700,1010],{"class":310},[61,7702,335],{"class":314},[61,7704,1010],{"class":310},[61,7706,1314],{"class":93},[61,7708,311],{"class":310},[61,7710,7711],{"class":314},"Sam",[61,7713,1010],{"class":310},[61,7715,5576],{"class":93},[20,7717,345],{},[52,7719,7721],{"className":54,"code":7720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7722,7723,7727,7731,7735,7739,7743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7724,7725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7726,348],{"class":355},[61,7728,7729],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7730,348],{"class":355},[61,7732,7733],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,7734,348],{"class":355},[61,7736,7737],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,7738,348],{"class":355},[61,7740,7741],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,7742,348],{"class":355},[61,7744,7745],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,7746,348],{"class":355},[20,7748,7749],{},"One important example is this:",[52,7751,7753],{"className":54,"code":7752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7754,7755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7756,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767,7769,7771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7758,90],{"class":89},[61,7760,94],{"class":93},[61,7762,3909],{"class":109},[61,7764,94],{"class":93},[61,7766,1010],{"class":310},[61,7768,34],{"class":314},[61,7770,1010],{"class":310},[61,7772,342],{"class":93},[20,7774,345],{},[52,7776,7777],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7778,7779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7780,7781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7782,348],{"class":355},[20,7784,7785,7786,7788,7789,229],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7787,6714],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7790,30],{},[47,7792,7794],{"id":7793},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7796,7797,7798,7800],{},"You can use ",[15,7799,3855],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[260,7802,7804],{"id":7803},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[52,7806,7808],{"className":54,"code":7807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7809,7810,7833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7811,7812,7815,7817,7819,7821,7823,7826,7828,7831],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7813,7814],{"class":67},"items ",[61,7816,72],{"class":71},[61,7818,1088],{"class":93},[61,7820,2379],{"class":75},[61,7822,106],{"class":93},[61,7824,7825],{"class":75}," 20",[61,7827,106],{"class":93},[61,7829,7830],{"class":75}," 30",[61,7832,1115],{"class":93},[61,7834,7835,7837,7839,7841,7843,7846],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7836,90],{"class":89},[61,7838,94],{"class":93},[61,7840,3909],{"class":109},[61,7842,94],{"class":93},[61,7844,7845],{"class":102},"items",[61,7847,342],{"class":93},[20,7849,345],{},[52,7851,7852],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7853,7854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7855,7856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7857,348],{"class":355},[20,7859,7860],{},"With an empty list:",[52,7862,7864],{"className":54,"code":7863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7865,7866,7875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7867,7868,7870,7872],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7869,7814],{"class":67},[61,7871,72],{"class":71},[61,7873,7874],{"class":93}," []\n",[61,7876,7877,7879,7881,7883,7885,7887],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7878,90],{"class":89},[61,7880,94],{"class":93},[61,7882,3909],{"class":109},[61,7884,94],{"class":93},[61,7886,7845],{"class":102},[61,7888,342],{"class":93},[20,7890,345],{},[52,7892,7893],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7894,7895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7896,7897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7898,436],{"class":355},[260,7900,7902],{"id":7901},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[52,7904,7906],{"className":54,"code":7905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7907,7908,7917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7909,7910,7912,7914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7911,305],{"class":67},[61,7913,72],{"class":71},[61,7915,7916],{"class":310}," \"\"\n",[61,7918,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7920,90],{"class":89},[61,7922,94],{"class":93},[61,7924,3909],{"class":109},[61,7926,94],{"class":93},[61,7928,335],{"class":102},[61,7930,342],{"class":93},[20,7932,345],{},[52,7934,7935],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7936,7937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7938,7939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7940,436],{"class":355},[52,7942,7944],{"className":54,"code":7943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7945,7946,7959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7947,7948,7950,7952,7954,7957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7949,305],{"class":67},[61,7951,72],{"class":71},[61,7953,311],{"class":310},[61,7955,7956],{"class":314},"Mia",[61,7958,318],{"class":310},[61,7960,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969,7971],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,7962,90],{"class":89},[61,7964,94],{"class":93},[61,7966,3909],{"class":109},[61,7968,94],{"class":93},[61,7970,335],{"class":102},[61,7972,342],{"class":93},[20,7974,345],{},[52,7976,7977],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,7978,7979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7980,7981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7982,348],{"class":355},[260,7984,7986],{"id":7985},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[52,7988,7990],{"className":54,"code":7989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7991,7992,8006,8023,8027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7993,7994,7997,7999,8001,8004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7995,7996],{"class":67},"username ",[61,7998,72],{"class":71},[61,8000,311],{"class":310},[61,8002,8003],{"class":314},"alex",[61,8005,318],{"class":310},[61,8007,8008,8011,8013,8016,8018,8021],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8009,8010],{"class":67},"has_name ",[61,8012,72],{"class":71},[61,8014,8015],{"class":109}," bool",[61,8017,94],{"class":93},[61,8019,8020],{"class":102},"username",[61,8022,258],{"class":93},[61,8024,8025],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,8026,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,8028,8029,8031,8033,8036],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,8030,90],{"class":89},[61,8032,94],{"class":93},[61,8034,8035],{"class":102},"has_name",[61,8037,258],{"class":93},[20,8039,345],{},[52,8041,8042],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8043,8044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8045,8046],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8047,348],{"class":355},[20,8049,8050,8051,31,8053,8055],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8052,30],{},[15,8054,34],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[260,8057,8059],{"id":8058},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8061,8062],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[52,8064,8066],{"className":54,"code":8065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8067,8068,8088,8092,8100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8069,8070,8072,8074,8076,8078,8080,8082,8084,8086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8071,3661],{"class":67},[61,8073,72],{"class":71},[61,8075,1088],{"class":93},[61,8077,3035],{"class":75},[61,8079,106],{"class":93},[61,8081,3040],{"class":75},[61,8083,106],{"class":93},[61,8085,1020],{"class":75},[61,8087,1115],{"class":93},[61,8089,8090],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8091,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,8093,8094,8096,8098],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,8095,1124],{"class":672},[61,8097,4303],{"class":67},[61,8099,6433],{"class":93},[61,8101,8102,8104,8106,8108,8111,8113],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,8103,1141],{"class":89},[61,8105,94],{"class":93},[61,8107,1010],{"class":310},[61,8109,8110],{"class":314},"The list is not empty",[61,8112,1010],{"class":310},[61,8114,258],{"class":93},[20,8116,345],{},[52,8118,8120],{"className":54,"code":8119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8121,8122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8123,8124,8126,8128,8131,8133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8125,2034],{"class":67},[61,8127,192],{"class":109},[61,8129,8130],{"class":71}," is",[61,8132,908],{"class":71},[61,8134,8135],{"class":67}," empty\n",[20,8137,8138,8139,229],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[221,8140,8142],{"href":8141},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[47,8144,8146],{"id":8145},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8148,8149,8150,8152],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8151,3855],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8154,8155],{},"It does not do that.",[260,8157,8159,2446,8162],{"id":8158},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8160,8161],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8163,30],{},[52,8165,8166],{"className":54,"code":7752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8167,8168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8169,8170,8172,8174,8176,8178,8180,8182,8184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8171,90],{"class":89},[61,8173,94],{"class":93},[61,8175,3909],{"class":109},[61,8177,94],{"class":93},[61,8179,1010],{"class":310},[61,8181,34],{"class":314},[61,8183,1010],{"class":310},[61,8185,342],{"class":93},[20,8187,345],{},[52,8189,8190],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8191,8192],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8193,8194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8195,348],{"class":355},[260,8197,8199,2446,8202],{"id":8198},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8200,8201],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8203,30],{},[52,8205,8207],{"className":54,"code":8206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8208,8209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8210,8211,8213,8215,8217,8219,8221,8223,8225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8212,90],{"class":89},[61,8214,94],{"class":93},[61,8216,3909],{"class":109},[61,8218,94],{"class":93},[61,8220,1010],{"class":310},[61,8222,2175],{"class":314},[61,8224,1010],{"class":310},[61,8226,342],{"class":93},[20,8228,345],{},[52,8230,8231],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8232,8233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8234,8235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8236,348],{"class":355},[20,8238,8239,8240,229],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3784,8241,7581],{},[20,8243,8244,8246],{},[15,8245,3855],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8248,8249,8250,8255,8256,8258],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[221,8251,8253],{"href":8252},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8254,3005],{},", because ",[15,8257,3005],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8260,295],{},[52,8262,8264],{"className":54,"code":8263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8265,8266,8287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8267,8268,8271,8273,8276,8278,8280,8283,8285],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8269,8270],{"class":67},"user_value ",[61,8272,72],{"class":71},[61,8274,8275],{"class":89}," input",[61,8277,94],{"class":93},[61,8279,1010],{"class":310},[61,8281,8282],{"class":314},"Enter True or False: ",[61,8284,1010],{"class":310},[61,8286,258],{"class":93},[61,8288,8289,8291,8293,8295,8297,8300],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8290,90],{"class":89},[61,8292,94],{"class":93},[61,8294,3909],{"class":109},[61,8296,94],{"class":93},[61,8298,8299],{"class":102},"user_value",[61,8301,342],{"class":93},[20,8303,8304,8305,8307,8308,8255,8310,8312],{},"If the user types ",[15,8306,34],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8309,30],{},[15,8311,6714],{}," is not empty.",[47,8314,8316],{"id":8315},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8318,8319,8320,8322,8323,8325],{},"In many ",[15,8321,1124],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8324,3855],{}," yourself.",[20,8327,8328],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8330,631],{},[52,8332,8334],{"className":54,"code":8333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8335,8336,8357,8361,8374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8337,8338,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8339,8340],{"class":67},"my_list ",[61,8342,72],{"class":71},[61,8344,1088],{"class":93},[61,8346,3035],{"class":75},[61,8348,106],{"class":93},[61,8350,3040],{"class":75},[61,8352,106],{"class":93},[61,8354,1020],{"class":75},[61,8356,1115],{"class":93},[61,8358,8359],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8360,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,8362,8363,8365,8367,8369,8372],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,8364,1124],{"class":672},[61,8366,8015],{"class":109},[61,8368,94],{"class":93},[61,8370,8371],{"class":102},"my_list",[61,8373,900],{"class":93},[61,8375,8376,8378,8380,8382,8385,8387],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,8377,1141],{"class":89},[61,8379,94],{"class":93},[61,8381,1010],{"class":310},[61,8383,8384],{"class":314},"List has items",[61,8386,1010],{"class":310},[61,8388,258],{"class":93},[20,8390,8391],{},"You can simply write:",[52,8393,8395],{"className":54,"code":8394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8396,8397,8417,8421,8430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8398,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409,8411,8413,8415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8400,8340],{"class":67},[61,8402,72],{"class":71},[61,8404,1088],{"class":93},[61,8406,3035],{"class":75},[61,8408,106],{"class":93},[61,8410,3040],{"class":75},[61,8412,106],{"class":93},[61,8414,1020],{"class":75},[61,8416,1115],{"class":93},[61,8418,8419],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8420,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,8422,8423,8425,8428],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,8424,1124],{"class":672},[61,8426,8427],{"class":67}," my_list",[61,8429,6433],{"class":93},[61,8431,8432,8434,8436,8438,8440,8442],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,8433,1141],{"class":89},[61,8435,94],{"class":93},[61,8437,1010],{"class":310},[61,8439,8384],{"class":314},[61,8441,1010],{"class":310},[61,8443,258],{"class":93},[20,8445,8446],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8448,8449,8450,8452],{},"Using ",[15,8451,3855],{}," is still helpful when:",[164,8454,8455,8458,8466],{},[167,8456,8457],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[167,8459,8460,8461,31,8463,8465],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8462,30],{},[15,8464,34],{}," value",[167,8467,8468],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8470,8471,8472,229],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[221,8473,8474],{"href":752},"Python type() function explained",[47,8476,2878],{"id":2877},[20,8478,8479,8480,229],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8481,3855],{},[260,8483,8485,8486,8488,8489],{"id":8484},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8487,8161],{}," to return ",[15,8490,34],{},[20,8492,8493],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[52,8495,8496],{"className":54,"code":7752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8497,8498],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8499,8500,8502,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512,8514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8501,90],{"class":89},[61,8503,94],{"class":93},[61,8505,3909],{"class":109},[61,8507,94],{"class":93},[61,8509,1010],{"class":310},[61,8511,34],{"class":314},[61,8513,1010],{"class":310},[61,8515,342],{"class":93},[20,8517,345],{},[52,8519,8520],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8521,8522],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8523,8524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8525,348],{"class":355},[20,8527,8528,8529,6715],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8530,6714],{},[20,8532,8533],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[52,8535,8537],{"className":54,"code":8536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8538,8539,8551],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8540,8541,8543,8545,8547,8549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8542,68],{"class":67},[61,8544,72],{"class":71},[61,8546,311],{"class":310},[61,8548,34],{"class":314},[61,8550,318],{"class":310},[61,8552,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561,8563,8565,8567],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8554,90],{"class":89},[61,8556,94],{"class":93},[61,8558,68],{"class":102},[61,8560,4728],{"class":71},[61,8562,311],{"class":310},[61,8564,30],{"class":314},[61,8566,1010],{"class":310},[61,8568,258],{"class":93},[20,8570,345],{},[52,8572,8573],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,8574,8575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8576,8577],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8578,436],{"class":355},[260,8580,8582],{"id":8581},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8584,8585,8587],{},[15,8586,3005],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[52,8589,8591],{"className":54,"code":8590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8592,8593,8612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8594,8595,8597,8599,8601,8603,8605,8608,8610],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8596,68],{"class":67},[61,8598,72],{"class":71},[61,8600,8275],{"class":89},[61,8602,94],{"class":93},[61,8604,1010],{"class":310},[61,8606,8607],{"class":314},"Enter yes or no: ",[61,8609,1010],{"class":310},[61,8611,258],{"class":93},[61,8613,8614,8616,8618,8620,8622,8624],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8615,90],{"class":89},[61,8617,94],{"class":93},[61,8619,3909],{"class":109},[61,8621,94],{"class":93},[61,8623,103],{"class":102},[61,8625,342],{"class":93},[20,8627,8304,8628,8631,8632,8634,8635,8312],{},[15,8629,8630],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8633,30],{}," because ",[15,8636,8637],{},"\"no\"",[20,8639,8640],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[52,8642,8644],{"className":54,"code":8643,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8645,8646,8677],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8647,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660,8662,8665,8668,8671,8674],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8649,68],{"class":67},[61,8651,72],{"class":71},[61,8653,8275],{"class":89},[61,8655,94],{"class":93},[61,8657,1010],{"class":310},[61,8659,8607],{"class":314},[61,8661,1010],{"class":310},[61,8663,8664],{"class":93},").",[61,8666,8667],{"class":102},"strip",[61,8669,8670],{"class":93},"().",[61,8672,8673],{"class":102},"lower",[61,8675,8676],{"class":93},"()\n",[61,8678,8679,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8692,8694],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8680,90],{"class":89},[61,8682,94],{"class":93},[61,8684,68],{"class":102},[61,8686,4728],{"class":71},[61,8688,311],{"class":310},[61,8690,8691],{"class":314},"yes",[61,8693,1010],{"class":310},[61,8695,258],{"class":93},[20,8697,8698,8699,8701,8702,229],{},"This gives ",[15,8700,30],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8703,8691],{},[260,8705,8707],{"id":8706},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8709,8710],{},"These are different:",[164,8712,8713,8717,8721,8725,8729],{},[167,8714,8715],{},[15,8716,34],{},[167,8718,8719],{},[15,8720,2175],{},[167,8722,8723],{},[15,8724,6311],{},[167,8726,8727],{},[15,8728,3829],{},[167,8730,8731],{},[15,8732,3820],{},[20,8734,8735,8736,8738,8739,8741],{},"They all become ",[15,8737,34],{}," with ",[15,8740,3855],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8743,8744],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[52,8746,8748],{"className":54,"code":8747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8749,8750,8758,8772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8751,8752,8754,8756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8753,68],{"class":67},[61,8755,72],{"class":71},[61,8757,7874],{"class":93},[61,8759,8760,8762,8764,8766,8768,8770],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8761,90],{"class":89},[61,8763,94],{"class":93},[61,8765,657],{"class":109},[61,8767,94],{"class":93},[61,8769,103],{"class":102},[61,8771,342],{"class":93},[61,8773,8774,8776,8778,8780,8782,8784],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,8775,90],{"class":89},[61,8777,94],{"class":93},[61,8779,3909],{"class":109},[61,8781,94],{"class":93},[61,8783,103],{"class":102},[61,8785,342],{"class":93},[20,8787,345],{},[52,8789,8791],{"className":54,"code":8790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8792,8793,8807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8794,8795,8797,8799,8801,8803,8805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8796,3337],{"class":71},[61,8798,3340],{"class":882},[61,8800,3343],{"class":310},[61,8802,192],{"class":314},[61,8804,3348],{"class":310},[61,8806,3351],{"class":71},[61,8808,8809],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8810,436],{"class":355},[260,8812,8449,8814,8816],{"id":8813},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8815,3834],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8818,8819,8820,8822],{},"In Python, ",[15,8821,3834],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[52,8824,8826],{"className":54,"code":8825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8827,8828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8829,8830,8832,8834,8836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8831,90],{"class":89},[61,8833,94],{"class":93},[61,8835,657],{"class":109},[61,8837,7492],{"class":93},[20,8839,345],{},[52,8841,8843],{"className":54,"code":8842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8844,8845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8846,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8848,3337],{"class":71},[61,8850,3340],{"class":882},[61,8852,3343],{"class":310},[61,8854,199],{"class":314},[61,8856,3348],{"class":310},[61,8858,3351],{"class":71},[20,8860,8861],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[52,8863,8865],{"className":54,"code":8864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8866,8867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8868,8869,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8870,90],{"class":89},[61,8872,94],{"class":93},[61,8874,657],{"class":109},[61,8876,94],{"class":93},[61,8878,6326],{"class":109},[61,8880,6329],{"class":93},[20,8882,345],{},[52,8884,8886],{"className":54,"code":8885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8887,8888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8889,8890,8892,8894,8896,8898,8900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8891,3337],{"class":71},[61,8893,3340],{"class":882},[61,8895,3343],{"class":310},[61,8897,6326],{"class":314},[61,8899,3348],{"class":310},[61,8901,3351],{"class":71},[47,8903,8905],{"id":8904},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8907,8908,8909,8911],{},"If ",[15,8910,3855],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[52,8913,8915],{"className":54,"code":8914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8916,8917,8931,8945,8955,8973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8918,8919,8921,8923,8925,8927,8929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8920,90],{"class":89},[61,8922,94],{"class":93},[61,8924,3909],{"class":109},[61,8926,94],{"class":93},[61,8928,103],{"class":102},[61,8930,342],{"class":93},[61,8932,8933,8935,8937,8939,8941,8943],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,8934,90],{"class":89},[61,8936,94],{"class":93},[61,8938,657],{"class":109},[61,8940,94],{"class":93},[61,8942,103],{"class":102},[61,8944,342],{"class":93},[61,8946,8947,8949,8951,8953],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,8948,90],{"class":89},[61,8950,94],{"class":93},[61,8952,103],{"class":102},[61,8954,258],{"class":93},[61,8956,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8971],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,8958,90],{"class":89},[61,8960,94],{"class":93},[61,8962,68],{"class":102},[61,8964,4728],{"class":71},[61,8966,311],{"class":310},[61,8968,30],{"class":314},[61,8970,1010],{"class":310},[61,8972,258],{"class":93},[61,8974,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985,8987,8989],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,8976,90],{"class":89},[61,8978,94],{"class":93},[61,8980,103],{"class":102},[61,8982,229],{"class":93},[61,8984,8667],{"class":102},[61,8986,8670],{"class":93},[61,8988,8673],{"class":102},[61,8990,7228],{"class":93},[20,8992,8993],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[164,8995,8996,8999,9002,9005],{},[167,8997,8998],{},"what the value really is",[167,9000,9001],{},"whether it is a string",[167,9003,9004],{},"whether it contains spaces",[167,9006,9007],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9009,9010,9011,229],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[221,9012,9014],{"href":9013},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[47,9016,1879],{"id":1878},[260,9018,9020],{"id":9019},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9022,9023,9024,31,9026,229],{},"It returns either ",[15,9025,30],{},[15,9027,34],{},[260,9029,9031],{"id":9030},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9033,1889,9034,229],{},[15,9035,34],{},[260,9037,9039],{"id":9038},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9041,9042,9043,229],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9044,30],{},[260,9046,9048],{"id":9047},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9050,9051,9052,229],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9053,34],{},[260,9055,9057],{"id":9056},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9059,9060,9061,31,9063,3778],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9062,30],{},[15,9064,34],{},[47,9066,1938],{"id":1937},[164,9068,9069,9074,9078,9083,9087,9092],{},[167,9070,9071],{},[221,9072,9073],{"href":5815},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[167,9075,9076],{},[221,9077,8142],{"href":8141},[167,9079,9080],{},[221,9081,9082],{"href":8252},"Python input() function explained",[167,9084,9085],{},[221,9086,8474],{"href":752},[167,9088,9089],{},[221,9090,9091],{"href":9013},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[167,9093,9094],{},[221,9095,9096],{"href":7244},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1969,9098,9099],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":9101},[9102,9103,9104,9105,9106,9107,9113,9119,9120,9128,9129,9136],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":7181,"depth":79,"text":7182},{"id":7248,"depth":79,"text":7249},{"id":7367,"depth":79,"text":7368},{"id":7562,"depth":79,"text":7563},{"id":7793,"depth":79,"text":7794,"children":9108},[9109,9110,9111,9112],{"id":7803,"depth":86,"text":7804},{"id":7901,"depth":86,"text":7902},{"id":7985,"depth":86,"text":7986},{"id":8058,"depth":86,"text":8059},{"id":8145,"depth":79,"text":8146,"children":9114},[9115,9117],{"id":8158,"depth":86,"text":9116},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8198,"depth":86,"text":9118},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8315,"depth":79,"text":8316},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":9121},[9122,9124,9125,9126],{"id":8484,"depth":86,"text":9123},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8581,"depth":86,"text":8582},{"id":8706,"depth":86,"text":8707},{"id":8813,"depth":86,"text":9127},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8904,"depth":79,"text":8905},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":9130},[9131,9132,9133,9134,9135],{"id":9019,"depth":86,"text":9020},{"id":9030,"depth":86,"text":9031},{"id":9038,"depth":86,"text":9039},{"id":9047,"depth":86,"text":9048},{"id":9056,"depth":86,"text":9057},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7009,"description":9137},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9144,"title":9145,"body":9146,"description":11334,"extension":2017,"meta":11335,"navigation":82,"path":11336,"seo":11337,"stem":11338,"__hash__":11339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9147,"toc":11296},[9148,9154,9160,9167,9172,9183,9190,9297,9301,9369,9374,9379,9384,9387,9398,9403,9406,9417,9424,9426,9431,9435,9460,9464,9473,9477,9540,9544,9577,9581,9626,9630,9667,9671,9674,9730,9734,9779,9782,9787,9826,9830,9853,9856,9870,9883,9887,9892,9959,9963,9999,10002,10010,10013,10077,10081,10113,10119,10121,10181,10188,10191,10269,10273,10306,10310,10313,10357,10361,10397,10400,10417,10420,10423,10476,10479,10490,10497,10506,10509,10566,10570,10611,10618,10625,10631,10639,10651,10656,10667,10740,10743,10755,10771,10775,10780,10784,10786,10829,10835,10838,10901,10905,10908,10917,10922,10959,10963,10966,10974,10977,11016,11020,11023,11074,11078,11099,11106,11108,11114,11140,11143,11198,11201,11212,11214,11221,11229,11235,11240,11247,11250,11257,11264,11266,11293],[10,9149,13,9151,18],{"id":9150},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9152,9153],{},"dict()",[20,9155,9156,9157,9159],{},"The built-in ",[15,9158,9153],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9161,9162,9163,9166],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3784,9164,9165],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9168,9169,9171],{},[15,9170,9153],{}," is commonly used to:",[164,9173,9174,9177,9180],{},[167,9175,9176],{},"create an empty dictionary",[167,9178,9179],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[167,9181,9182],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9184,9185,9186,229],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[221,9187,9189],{"href":9188},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[52,9191,9193],{"className":54,"code":9192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9194,9195,9229,9240,9244,9282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9196,9197,9200,9202,9204,9206,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9219,9222,9224,9227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9198,9199],{"class":67},"data ",[61,9201,72],{"class":71},[61,9203,1343],{"class":109},[61,9205,94],{"class":93},[61,9207,335],{"class":9208},"s99_P",[61,9210,72],{"class":71},[61,9212,3348],{"class":310},[61,9214,5044],{"class":314},[61,9216,3348],{"class":310},[61,9218,106],{"class":93},[61,9220,9221],{"class":9208}," age",[61,9223,72],{"class":71},[61,9225,9226],{"class":75},"25",[61,9228,258],{"class":93},[61,9230,9231,9233,9235,9238],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9232,90],{"class":89},[61,9234,94],{"class":93},[61,9236,9237],{"class":102},"data",[61,9239,258],{"class":93},[61,9241,9242],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,9243,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,9245,9246,9249,9251,9254,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,9247,9248],{"class":67},"pairs ",[61,9250,72],{"class":71},[61,9252,9253],{"class":93}," [(",[61,9255,3348],{"class":310},[61,9257,221],{"class":314},[61,9259,3348],{"class":310},[61,9261,106],{"class":93},[61,9263,5535],{"class":75},[61,9265,9266],{"class":93},"),",[61,9268,572],{"class":93},[61,9270,3348],{"class":310},[61,9272,1101],{"class":314},[61,9274,3348],{"class":310},[61,9276,106],{"class":93},[61,9278,3040],{"class":75},[61,9280,9281],{"class":93},")]\n",[61,9283,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292,9295],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,9285,90],{"class":89},[61,9287,94],{"class":93},[61,9289,199],{"class":109},[61,9291,94],{"class":93},[61,9293,9294],{"class":102},"pairs",[61,9296,342],{"class":93},[20,9298,9299],{},[3784,9300,345],{},[52,9302,9304],{"className":54,"code":9303,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9305,9306,9341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9307,9308,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9332,9334,9336,9339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9309,9310],{"class":93},"{",[61,9312,3348],{"class":310},[61,9314,335],{"class":314},[61,9316,3348],{"class":310},[61,9318,1314],{"class":93},[61,9320,3343],{"class":310},[61,9322,5044],{"class":314},[61,9324,3348],{"class":310},[61,9326,106],{"class":93},[61,9328,3343],{"class":310},[61,9330,9331],{"class":314},"age",[61,9333,3348],{"class":310},[61,9335,1314],{"class":93},[61,9337,9338],{"class":75}," 25",[61,9340,1324],{"class":93},[61,9342,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9344,9310],{"class":93},[61,9346,3348],{"class":310},[61,9348,221],{"class":314},[61,9350,3348],{"class":310},[61,9352,1314],{"class":93},[61,9354,5535],{"class":75},[61,9356,106],{"class":93},[61,9358,3343],{"class":310},[61,9360,1101],{"class":314},[61,9362,3348],{"class":310},[61,9364,1314],{"class":93},[61,9366,3040],{"class":75},[61,9368,1324],{"class":93},[20,9370,143,9371,9373],{},[15,9372,9153],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[47,9375,151,9377,154],{"id":9376},"what-dict-does",[15,9378,9153],{},[20,9380,9381,9383],{},[15,9382,9153],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9385,9386],{},"A dictionary:",[164,9388,9389,9392,9395],{},[167,9390,9391],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[167,9393,9394],{},"lets you look up values by key",[167,9396,9397],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9399,9400,9402],{},[15,9401,9153],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9404,9405],{},"Common uses include:",[164,9407,9408,9411,9414],{},[167,9409,9410],{},"making an empty dictionary",[167,9412,9413],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[167,9415,9416],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9418,9419,9420,229],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[221,9421,9423],{"href":9422},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[47,9425,233],{"id":232},[20,9427,9428,9430],{},[15,9429,9153],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[260,9432,9434],{"id":9433},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[52,9436,9438],{"className":54,"code":9437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9439,9440,9450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9441,9442,9444,9446,9448],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9443,9199],{"class":67},[61,9445,72],{"class":71},[61,9447,1343],{"class":109},[61,9449,8676],{"class":93},[61,9451,9452,9454,9456,9458],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9453,90],{"class":89},[61,9455,94],{"class":93},[61,9457,9237],{"class":102},[61,9459,258],{"class":93},[20,9461,9462],{},[3784,9463,345],{},[52,9465,9467],{"className":54,"code":9466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{}\n",[15,9468,9469],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9470,9471],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9472,9466],{"class":93},[260,9474,9476],{"id":9475},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[52,9478,9480],{"className":54,"code":9479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9481,9482,9516,9530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9483,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9485,9248],{"class":67},[61,9487,72],{"class":71},[61,9489,9253],{"class":93},[61,9491,3348],{"class":310},[61,9493,221],{"class":314},[61,9495,3348],{"class":310},[61,9497,106],{"class":93},[61,9499,5535],{"class":75},[61,9501,9266],{"class":93},[61,9503,572],{"class":93},[61,9505,3348],{"class":310},[61,9507,1101],{"class":314},[61,9509,3348],{"class":310},[61,9511,106],{"class":93},[61,9513,3040],{"class":75},[61,9515,9281],{"class":93},[61,9517,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9519,9199],{"class":67},[61,9521,72],{"class":71},[61,9523,1343],{"class":109},[61,9525,94],{"class":93},[61,9527,9294],{"class":102},[61,9529,258],{"class":93},[61,9531,9532,9534,9536,9538],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,9533,90],{"class":89},[61,9535,94],{"class":93},[61,9537,9237],{"class":102},[61,9539,258],{"class":93},[20,9541,9542],{},[3784,9543,345],{},[52,9545,9547],{"className":54,"code":9546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9548,9549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9550,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9552,9310],{"class":93},[61,9554,3348],{"class":310},[61,9556,221],{"class":314},[61,9558,3348],{"class":310},[61,9560,1314],{"class":93},[61,9562,5535],{"class":75},[61,9564,106],{"class":93},[61,9566,3343],{"class":310},[61,9568,1101],{"class":314},[61,9570,3348],{"class":310},[61,9572,1314],{"class":93},[61,9574,3040],{"class":75},[61,9576,1324],{"class":93},[260,9578,9580],{"id":9579},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[52,9582,9584],{"className":54,"code":9583,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9585,9586,9616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9587,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9589,9199],{"class":67},[61,9591,72],{"class":71},[61,9593,1343],{"class":109},[61,9595,94],{"class":93},[61,9597,335],{"class":9208},[61,9599,72],{"class":71},[61,9601,3348],{"class":310},[61,9603,5044],{"class":314},[61,9605,3348],{"class":310},[61,9607,106],{"class":93},[61,9609,9221],{"class":9208},[61,9611,72],{"class":71},[61,9613,9226],{"class":75},[61,9615,258],{"class":93},[61,9617,9618,9620,9622,9624],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9619,90],{"class":89},[61,9621,94],{"class":93},[61,9623,9237],{"class":102},[61,9625,258],{"class":93},[20,9627,9628],{},[3784,9629,345],{},[52,9631,9633],{"className":54,"code":9632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9634,9635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9636,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9638,9310],{"class":93},[61,9640,3348],{"class":310},[61,9642,335],{"class":314},[61,9644,3348],{"class":310},[61,9646,1314],{"class":93},[61,9648,3343],{"class":310},[61,9650,5044],{"class":314},[61,9652,3348],{"class":310},[61,9654,106],{"class":93},[61,9656,3343],{"class":310},[61,9658,9331],{"class":314},[61,9660,3348],{"class":310},[61,9662,1314],{"class":93},[61,9664,9338],{"class":75},[61,9666,1324],{"class":93},[260,9668,9670],{"id":9669},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9672,9673],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[52,9675,9677],{"className":54,"code":9676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9678,9679,9720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9680,9681,9683,9685,9687,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9714,9716,9718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9682,9199],{"class":67},[61,9684,72],{"class":71},[61,9686,1343],{"class":109},[61,9688,9689],{"class":93},"([(",[61,9691,3348],{"class":310},[61,9693,221],{"class":314},[61,9695,3348],{"class":310},[61,9697,106],{"class":93},[61,9699,5535],{"class":75},[61,9701,9702],{"class":93},")],",[61,9704,2607],{"class":9208},[61,9706,72],{"class":71},[61,9708,2113],{"class":75},[61,9710,106],{"class":93},[61,9712,9713],{"class":9208}," c",[61,9715,72],{"class":71},[61,9717,1046],{"class":75},[61,9719,258],{"class":93},[61,9721,9722,9724,9726,9728],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9723,90],{"class":89},[61,9725,94],{"class":93},[61,9727,9237],{"class":102},[61,9729,258],{"class":93},[20,9731,9732],{},[3784,9733,345],{},[52,9735,9737],{"className":54,"code":9736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9738,9739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9740,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9742,9310],{"class":93},[61,9744,3348],{"class":310},[61,9746,221],{"class":314},[61,9748,3348],{"class":310},[61,9750,1314],{"class":93},[61,9752,5535],{"class":75},[61,9754,106],{"class":93},[61,9756,3343],{"class":310},[61,9758,1101],{"class":314},[61,9760,3348],{"class":310},[61,9762,1314],{"class":93},[61,9764,3040],{"class":75},[61,9766,106],{"class":93},[61,9768,3343],{"class":310},[61,9770,1110],{"class":314},[61,9772,3348],{"class":310},[61,9774,1314],{"class":93},[61,9776,1020],{"class":75},[61,9778,1324],{"class":93},[47,9780,9434],{"id":9781},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9783,143,9784,9786],{},[15,9785,9153],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[52,9788,9790],{"className":54,"code":9789,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9791,9792,9802,9816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9793,9794,9796,9798,9800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9795,9199],{"class":67},[61,9797,72],{"class":71},[61,9799,1343],{"class":109},[61,9801,8676],{"class":93},[61,9803,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9805,90],{"class":89},[61,9807,94],{"class":93},[61,9809,657],{"class":109},[61,9811,94],{"class":93},[61,9813,9237],{"class":102},[61,9815,342],{"class":93},[61,9817,9818,9820,9822,9824],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,9819,90],{"class":89},[61,9821,94],{"class":93},[61,9823,9237],{"class":102},[61,9825,258],{"class":93},[20,9827,9828],{},[3784,9829,345],{},[52,9831,9833],{"className":54,"code":9832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9834,9835,9849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9836,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9838,3337],{"class":71},[61,9840,3340],{"class":882},[61,9842,3343],{"class":310},[61,9844,199],{"class":314},[61,9846,3348],{"class":310},[61,9848,3351],{"class":71},[61,9850,9851],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9852,9466],{"class":93},[20,9854,9855],{},"This gives the same result as:",[52,9857,9859],{"className":54,"code":9858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n",[15,9860,9861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9862,9863,9865,9867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9864,9199],{"class":67},[61,9866,72],{"class":71},[61,9868,9869],{"class":93}," {}\n",[20,9871,9872,9873,9875,9876,9879,9880,9882],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9874,3834],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9877,9878],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9881,9153],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[47,9884,9886],{"id":9885},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9888,9889,9890,229],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9891,9153],{},[52,9893,9895],{"className":54,"code":9894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9896,9897,9935,9949],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9898,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9900,9248],{"class":67},[61,9902,72],{"class":71},[61,9904,9253],{"class":93},[61,9906,3348],{"class":310},[61,9908,335],{"class":314},[61,9910,3348],{"class":310},[61,9912,106],{"class":93},[61,9914,3343],{"class":310},[61,9916,5044],{"class":314},[61,9918,3348],{"class":310},[61,9920,9266],{"class":93},[61,9922,572],{"class":93},[61,9924,3348],{"class":310},[61,9926,9331],{"class":314},[61,9928,3348],{"class":310},[61,9930,106],{"class":93},[61,9932,9338],{"class":75},[61,9934,9281],{"class":93},[61,9936,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,9938,9199],{"class":67},[61,9940,72],{"class":71},[61,9942,1343],{"class":109},[61,9944,94],{"class":93},[61,9946,9294],{"class":102},[61,9948,258],{"class":93},[61,9950,9951,9953,9955,9957],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,9952,90],{"class":89},[61,9954,94],{"class":93},[61,9956,9237],{"class":102},[61,9958,258],{"class":93},[20,9960,9961],{},[3784,9962,345],{},[52,9964,9965],{"className":54,"code":9632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,9966,9967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9968,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9970,9310],{"class":93},[61,9972,3348],{"class":310},[61,9974,335],{"class":314},[61,9976,3348],{"class":310},[61,9978,1314],{"class":93},[61,9980,3343],{"class":310},[61,9982,5044],{"class":314},[61,9984,3348],{"class":310},[61,9986,106],{"class":93},[61,9988,3343],{"class":310},[61,9990,9331],{"class":314},[61,9992,3348],{"class":310},[61,9994,1314],{"class":93},[61,9996,9338],{"class":75},[61,9998,1324],{"class":93},[20,10000,10001],{},"Each pair becomes:",[164,10003,10004,10007],{},[167,10005,10006],{},"the first item as the key",[167,10008,10009],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10011,10012],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[52,10014,10016],{"className":54,"code":10015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10017,10018,10053,10067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10019,10020,10022,10024,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10021,9248],{"class":67},[61,10023,72],{"class":71},[61,10025,10026],{"class":93}," ((",[61,10028,3348],{"class":310},[61,10030,221],{"class":314},[61,10032,3348],{"class":310},[61,10034,106],{"class":93},[61,10036,5535],{"class":75},[61,10038,9266],{"class":93},[61,10040,572],{"class":93},[61,10042,3348],{"class":310},[61,10044,1101],{"class":314},[61,10046,3348],{"class":310},[61,10048,106],{"class":93},[61,10050,3040],{"class":75},[61,10052,342],{"class":93},[61,10054,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10056,9199],{"class":67},[61,10058,72],{"class":71},[61,10060,1343],{"class":109},[61,10062,94],{"class":93},[61,10064,9294],{"class":102},[61,10066,258],{"class":93},[61,10068,10069,10071,10073,10075],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,10070,90],{"class":89},[61,10072,94],{"class":93},[61,10074,9237],{"class":102},[61,10076,258],{"class":93},[20,10078,10079],{},[3784,10080,345],{},[52,10082,10083],{"className":54,"code":9546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10084,10085],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10086,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10088,9310],{"class":93},[61,10090,3348],{"class":310},[61,10092,221],{"class":314},[61,10094,3348],{"class":310},[61,10096,1314],{"class":93},[61,10098,5535],{"class":75},[61,10100,106],{"class":93},[61,10102,3343],{"class":310},[61,10104,1101],{"class":314},[61,10106,3348],{"class":310},[61,10108,1314],{"class":93},[61,10110,3040],{"class":75},[61,10112,1324],{"class":93},[20,10114,10115,10116,229],{},"Each item must contain ",[3784,10117,10118],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10120,2885],{},[52,10122,10124],{"className":54,"code":10123,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10125,10126,10166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10127,10128,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10129,10130],{"class":67},"bad_data ",[61,10132,72],{"class":71},[61,10134,9253],{"class":93},[61,10136,3348],{"class":310},[61,10138,221],{"class":314},[61,10140,3348],{"class":310},[61,10142,106],{"class":93},[61,10144,5535],{"class":75},[61,10146,106],{"class":93},[61,10148,10149],{"class":75}," 100",[61,10151,9266],{"class":93},[61,10153,572],{"class":93},[61,10155,3348],{"class":310},[61,10157,1101],{"class":314},[61,10159,3348],{"class":310},[61,10161,106],{"class":93},[61,10163,3040],{"class":75},[61,10165,9281],{"class":93},[61,10167,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10179],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10169,1593],{"class":67},[61,10171,72],{"class":71},[61,10173,1343],{"class":109},[61,10175,94],{"class":93},[61,10177,10178],{"class":102},"bad_data",[61,10180,258],{"class":93},[20,10182,10183,10184,10187],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10185,10186],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10189,10190],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[52,10192,10194],{"className":54,"code":10193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10195,10196,10245,10259],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10197,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10199,9248],{"class":67},[61,10201,72],{"class":71},[61,10203,9253],{"class":93},[61,10205,3348],{"class":310},[61,10207,221],{"class":314},[61,10209,3348],{"class":310},[61,10211,106],{"class":93},[61,10213,5535],{"class":75},[61,10215,9266],{"class":93},[61,10217,572],{"class":93},[61,10219,3348],{"class":310},[61,10221,221],{"class":314},[61,10223,3348],{"class":310},[61,10225,106],{"class":93},[61,10227,10228],{"class":75}," 99",[61,10230,9266],{"class":93},[61,10232,572],{"class":93},[61,10234,3348],{"class":310},[61,10236,1101],{"class":314},[61,10238,3348],{"class":310},[61,10240,106],{"class":93},[61,10242,3040],{"class":75},[61,10244,9281],{"class":93},[61,10246,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10248,9199],{"class":67},[61,10250,72],{"class":71},[61,10252,1343],{"class":109},[61,10254,94],{"class":93},[61,10256,9294],{"class":102},[61,10258,258],{"class":93},[61,10260,10261,10263,10265,10267],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,10262,90],{"class":89},[61,10264,94],{"class":93},[61,10266,9237],{"class":102},[61,10268,258],{"class":93},[20,10270,10271],{},[3784,10272,345],{},[52,10274,10276],{"className":54,"code":10275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10277,10278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10279,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10281,9310],{"class":93},[61,10283,3348],{"class":310},[61,10285,221],{"class":314},[61,10287,3348],{"class":310},[61,10289,1314],{"class":93},[61,10291,10228],{"class":75},[61,10293,106],{"class":93},[61,10295,3343],{"class":310},[61,10297,1101],{"class":314},[61,10299,3348],{"class":310},[61,10301,1314],{"class":93},[61,10303,3040],{"class":75},[61,10305,1324],{"class":93},[47,10307,10309],{"id":10308},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10311,10312],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[52,10314,10315],{"className":54,"code":9583,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10316,10317,10347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10318,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10320,9199],{"class":67},[61,10322,72],{"class":71},[61,10324,1343],{"class":109},[61,10326,94],{"class":93},[61,10328,335],{"class":9208},[61,10330,72],{"class":71},[61,10332,3348],{"class":310},[61,10334,5044],{"class":314},[61,10336,3348],{"class":310},[61,10338,106],{"class":93},[61,10340,9221],{"class":9208},[61,10342,72],{"class":71},[61,10344,9226],{"class":75},[61,10346,258],{"class":93},[61,10348,10349,10351,10353,10355],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10350,90],{"class":89},[61,10352,94],{"class":93},[61,10354,9237],{"class":102},[61,10356,258],{"class":93},[20,10358,10359],{},[3784,10360,345],{},[52,10362,10363],{"className":54,"code":9632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10364,10365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10366,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10368,9310],{"class":93},[61,10370,3348],{"class":310},[61,10372,335],{"class":314},[61,10374,3348],{"class":310},[61,10376,1314],{"class":93},[61,10378,3343],{"class":310},[61,10380,5044],{"class":314},[61,10382,3348],{"class":310},[61,10384,106],{"class":93},[61,10386,3343],{"class":310},[61,10388,9331],{"class":314},[61,10390,3348],{"class":310},[61,10392,1314],{"class":93},[61,10394,9338],{"class":75},[61,10396,1324],{"class":93},[20,10398,10399],{},"In this form:",[164,10401,10402,10410],{},[167,10403,10404,10406,10407],{},[15,10405,335],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10408,10409],{},"'name'",[167,10411,10412,10406,10414],{},[15,10413,9331],{},[15,10415,10416],{},"'age'",[20,10418,10419],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10421,10422],{},"Valid examples:",[52,10424,10426],{"className":54,"code":10425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10427,10428,10466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10429,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10441,10443,10445,10448,10450,10452,10455,10457,10459,10462,10464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10431,9199],{"class":67},[61,10433,72],{"class":71},[61,10435,1343],{"class":109},[61,10437,94],{"class":93},[61,10439,10440],{"class":9208},"city",[61,10442,72],{"class":71},[61,10444,3348],{"class":310},[61,10446,10447],{"class":314},"Paris",[61,10449,3348],{"class":310},[61,10451,106],{"class":93},[61,10453,10454],{"class":9208}," country",[61,10456,72],{"class":71},[61,10458,3348],{"class":310},[61,10460,10461],{"class":314},"France",[61,10463,3348],{"class":310},[61,10465,258],{"class":93},[61,10467,10468,10470,10472,10474],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10469,90],{"class":89},[61,10471,94],{"class":93},[61,10473,9237],{"class":102},[61,10475,258],{"class":93},[20,10477,10478],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[164,10480,10481,10484,10487],{},[167,10482,10483],{},"spaces",[167,10485,10486],{},"hyphens",[167,10488,10489],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10491,10492,10493,10496],{},"For example, this is ",[3784,10494,10495],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[52,10498,10500],{"className":54,"code":10499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10501,10502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10503,10504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10505,10499],{"class":116},[20,10507,10508],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[52,10510,10512],{"className":54,"code":10511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10513,10514,10556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10515,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10517,9199],{"class":67},[61,10519,72],{"class":71},[61,10521,1305],{"class":93},[61,10523,3348],{"class":310},[61,10525,10526],{"class":314},"first-name",[61,10528,3348],{"class":310},[61,10530,1314],{"class":93},[61,10532,3343],{"class":310},[61,10534,7711],{"class":314},[61,10536,3348],{"class":310},[61,10538,106],{"class":93},[61,10540,3343],{"class":310},[61,10542,10543],{"class":314},"first name",[61,10545,3348],{"class":310},[61,10547,1314],{"class":93},[61,10549,3343],{"class":310},[61,10551,7711],{"class":314},[61,10553,3348],{"class":310},[61,10555,1324],{"class":93},[61,10557,10558,10560,10562,10564],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10559,90],{"class":89},[61,10561,94],{"class":93},[61,10563,9237],{"class":102},[61,10565,258],{"class":93},[20,10567,10568],{},[3784,10569,345],{},[52,10571,10573],{"className":54,"code":10572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10574,10575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10576,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10578,9310],{"class":93},[61,10580,3348],{"class":310},[61,10582,10526],{"class":314},[61,10584,3348],{"class":310},[61,10586,1314],{"class":93},[61,10588,3343],{"class":310},[61,10590,7711],{"class":314},[61,10592,3348],{"class":310},[61,10594,106],{"class":93},[61,10596,3343],{"class":310},[61,10598,10543],{"class":314},[61,10600,3348],{"class":310},[61,10602,1314],{"class":93},[61,10604,3343],{"class":310},[61,10606,7711],{"class":314},[61,10608,3348],{"class":310},[61,10610,1324],{"class":93},[47,10612,10614,741,10616],{"id":10613},"dict-vs",[15,10615,9153],{},[15,10617,3834],{},[20,10619,746,10620,749,10622,10624],{},[15,10621,9153],{},[15,10623,3834],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[260,10626,143,10628,10630],{"id":10627},"use-when",[15,10629,3834],{}," when:",[164,10632,10633,10636],{},[167,10634,10635],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[167,10637,10638],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[52,10640,10641],{"className":54,"code":9858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10642,10643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10644,10645,10647,10649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10646,9199],{"class":67},[61,10648,72],{"class":71},[61,10650,9869],{"class":93},[260,10652,143,10654,10630],{"id":10653},"use-dict-when",[15,10655,9153],{},[164,10657,10658,10661,10664],{},[167,10659,10660],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[167,10662,10663],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[167,10665,10666],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[52,10668,10670],{"className":54,"code":10669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10671,10672,10709],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10673,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10675,9199],{"class":67},[61,10677,72],{"class":71},[61,10679,1343],{"class":109},[61,10681,9689],{"class":93},[61,10683,3348],{"class":310},[61,10685,221],{"class":314},[61,10687,3348],{"class":310},[61,10689,106],{"class":93},[61,10691,5535],{"class":75},[61,10693,9266],{"class":93},[61,10695,572],{"class":93},[61,10697,3348],{"class":310},[61,10699,1101],{"class":314},[61,10701,3348],{"class":310},[61,10703,106],{"class":93},[61,10705,3040],{"class":75},[61,10707,10708],{"class":93},")])\n",[61,10710,10711,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10712,10713],{"class":67},"info ",[61,10715,72],{"class":71},[61,10717,1343],{"class":109},[61,10719,94],{"class":93},[61,10721,335],{"class":9208},[61,10723,72],{"class":71},[61,10725,3348],{"class":310},[61,10727,5044],{"class":314},[61,10729,3348],{"class":310},[61,10731,106],{"class":93},[61,10733,9221],{"class":9208},[61,10735,72],{"class":71},[61,10737,9226],{"class":75},[61,10739,258],{"class":93},[20,10741,10742],{},"So:",[164,10744,10745,10750],{},[167,10746,10747,10749],{},[15,10748,3834],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[167,10751,10752,10754],{},[15,10753,9153],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10756,10757,10758,10762,10763,229],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[221,10759,10761],{"href":10760},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[221,10764,10766,10767,10770],{"href":10765},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10768,10769],{},"get()"," method",[47,10772,10774],{"id":10773},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10776,10777,10778,229],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10779,9153],{},[260,10781,10783],{"id":10782},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10785,4564],{},[52,10787,10789],{"className":54,"code":10788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10790,10791,10815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10792,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10794,7814],{"class":67},[61,10796,72],{"class":71},[61,10798,1088],{"class":93},[61,10800,3348],{"class":310},[61,10802,221],{"class":314},[61,10804,3348],{"class":310},[61,10806,106],{"class":93},[61,10808,3343],{"class":310},[61,10810,1101],{"class":314},[61,10812,3348],{"class":310},[61,10814,1115],{"class":93},[61,10816,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10818,9199],{"class":67},[61,10820,72],{"class":71},[61,10822,1343],{"class":109},[61,10824,94],{"class":93},[61,10826,7845],{"class":102},[61,10828,258],{"class":93},[20,10830,10831,10832,229],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10833,10834],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10836,10837],{},"Correct version:",[52,10839,10841],{"className":54,"code":10840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10842,10843,10877,10891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10844,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10846,7814],{"class":67},[61,10848,72],{"class":71},[61,10850,9253],{"class":93},[61,10852,3348],{"class":310},[61,10854,221],{"class":314},[61,10856,3348],{"class":310},[61,10858,106],{"class":93},[61,10860,5535],{"class":75},[61,10862,9266],{"class":93},[61,10864,572],{"class":93},[61,10866,3348],{"class":310},[61,10868,1101],{"class":314},[61,10870,3348],{"class":310},[61,10872,106],{"class":93},[61,10874,3040],{"class":75},[61,10876,9281],{"class":93},[61,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10880,9199],{"class":67},[61,10882,72],{"class":71},[61,10884,1343],{"class":109},[61,10886,94],{"class":93},[61,10888,7845],{"class":102},[61,10890,258],{"class":93},[61,10892,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,10894,90],{"class":89},[61,10896,94],{"class":93},[61,10898,9237],{"class":102},[61,10900,258],{"class":93},[260,10902,10904],{"id":10903},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10906,10907],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[52,10909,10911],{"className":54,"code":10910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10912,10913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10914,10915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10916,10910],{"class":116},[20,10918,10919,10920,1314],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10921,72],{},[52,10923,10925],{"className":54,"code":10924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10926,10927,10949],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10928,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10930,9199],{"class":67},[61,10932,72],{"class":71},[61,10934,1343],{"class":109},[61,10936,94],{"class":93},[61,10938,335],{"class":9208},[61,10940,72],{"class":71},[61,10942,3348],{"class":310},[61,10944,5044],{"class":314},[61,10946,3348],{"class":310},[61,10948,258],{"class":93},[61,10950,10951,10953,10955,10957],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,10952,90],{"class":89},[61,10954,94],{"class":93},[61,10956,9237],{"class":102},[61,10958,258],{"class":93},[260,10960,10962],{"id":10961},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10964,10965],{},"This will not work:",[52,10967,10968],{"className":54,"code":10499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,10969,10970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10971,10972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10973,10499],{"class":116},[20,10975,10976],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[52,10978,10980],{"className":54,"code":10979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10981,10982,11006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10983,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10985,9199],{"class":67},[61,10987,72],{"class":71},[61,10989,1305],{"class":93},[61,10991,3348],{"class":310},[61,10993,10526],{"class":314},[61,10995,3348],{"class":310},[61,10997,1314],{"class":93},[61,10999,3343],{"class":310},[61,11001,7711],{"class":314},[61,11003,3348],{"class":310},[61,11005,1324],{"class":93},[61,11007,11008,11010,11012,11014],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11009,90],{"class":89},[61,11011,94],{"class":93},[61,11013,9237],{"class":102},[61,11015,258],{"class":93},[260,11017,11019],{"id":11018},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11021,11022],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[52,11024,11026],{"className":54,"code":11025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11027,11028,11064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11029,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11031,9199],{"class":67},[61,11033,72],{"class":71},[61,11035,1343],{"class":109},[61,11037,9689],{"class":93},[61,11039,3348],{"class":310},[61,11041,2228],{"class":314},[61,11043,3348],{"class":310},[61,11045,106],{"class":93},[61,11047,5535],{"class":75},[61,11049,9266],{"class":93},[61,11051,572],{"class":93},[61,11053,3348],{"class":310},[61,11055,2228],{"class":314},[61,11057,3348],{"class":310},[61,11059,106],{"class":93},[61,11061,3040],{"class":75},[61,11063,10708],{"class":93},[61,11065,11066,11068,11070,11072],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11067,90],{"class":89},[61,11069,94],{"class":93},[61,11071,9237],{"class":102},[61,11073,258],{"class":93},[20,11075,11076],{},[3784,11077,345],{},[52,11079,11081],{"className":54,"code":11080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11082,11083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11084,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095,11097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11086,9310],{"class":93},[61,11088,3348],{"class":310},[61,11090,2228],{"class":314},[61,11092,3348],{"class":310},[61,11094,1314],{"class":93},[61,11096,3040],{"class":75},[61,11098,1324],{"class":93},[20,11100,11101,11102,229],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[221,11103,11105],{"href":11104},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[47,11107,2878],{"id":2877},[20,11109,11110,11111,11113],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11112,9153],{}," include:",[164,11115,11116,11125,11131,11134],{},[167,11117,11118,11119,1395,11122],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11120,11121],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11123,11124],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[167,11126,11127,11128],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11129,11130],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[167,11132,11133],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[167,11135,11136,11137,11139],{},"confusing ",[15,11138,9153],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11141,11142],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[52,11144,11146],{"className":54,"code":11145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11147,11148,11162,11172,11183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11149,11150,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11151,90],{"class":89},[61,11153,94],{"class":93},[61,11155,657],{"class":109},[61,11157,94],{"class":93},[61,11159,9237],{"class":102},[61,11161,342],{"class":93},[61,11163,11164,11166,11168,11170],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11165,90],{"class":89},[61,11167,94],{"class":93},[61,11169,9237],{"class":102},[61,11171,258],{"class":93},[61,11173,11174,11176,11178,11181],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,11175,90],{"class":89},[61,11177,94],{"class":93},[61,11179,11180],{"class":102},"list_of_pairs",[61,11182,258],{"class":93},[61,11184,11185,11187,11189,11192,11194,11196],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,11186,90],{"class":89},[61,11188,94],{"class":93},[61,11190,11191],{"class":89},"len",[61,11193,94],{"class":93},[61,11195,11180],{"class":102},[61,11197,342],{"class":93},[20,11199,11200],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[164,11202,11203,11206,11209],{},[167,11204,11205],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[167,11207,11208],{},"what data is being passed in",[167,11210,11211],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[47,11213,1879],{"id":1878},[260,11215,1911,11217,749,11219,1916],{"id":11216},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11218,9153],{},[15,11220,3834],{},[20,11222,11223,11225,11226,11228],{},[15,11224,3834],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11227,9153],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[260,11230,1898,11232,11234],{"id":11231},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11233,9153],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11236,11237,11238,229],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11239,11124],{},[260,11241,5196,11243,11246],{"id":11242},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11244,11245],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11248,11249],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[260,11251,11253,11254,11256],{"id":11252},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11255,9153],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11258,11259,11260,11263],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11261,11262],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[47,11265,1938],{"id":1937},[164,11267,11268,11273,11277,11282,11288],{},[167,11269,11270],{},[221,11271,11272],{"href":9422},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[167,11274,11275],{},[221,11276,9189],{"href":9188},[167,11278,11279],{},[221,11280,11281],{"href":10760},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[167,11283,11284],{},[221,11285,10766,11286,10770],{"href":10765},[15,11287,10769],{},[167,11289,11290],{},[221,11291,11292],{"href":11104},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1969,11294,11295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":11297},[11298,11300,11306,11307,11308,11309,11316,11322,11323,11333],{"id":9376,"depth":79,"text":11299},"What dict() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":11301},[11302,11303,11304,11305],{"id":9433,"depth":86,"text":9434},{"id":9475,"depth":86,"text":9476},{"id":9579,"depth":86,"text":9580},{"id":9669,"depth":86,"text":9670},{"id":9781,"depth":79,"text":9434},{"id":9885,"depth":79,"text":9886},{"id":10308,"depth":79,"text":10309},{"id":10613,"depth":79,"text":11310,"children":11311},"dict() vs {}",[11312,11314],{"id":10627,"depth":86,"text":11313},"Use {} when:",{"id":10653,"depth":86,"text":11315},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10773,"depth":79,"text":10774,"children":11317},[11318,11319,11320,11321],{"id":10782,"depth":86,"text":10783},{"id":10903,"depth":86,"text":10904},{"id":10961,"depth":86,"text":10962},{"id":11018,"depth":86,"text":11019},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":11324},[11325,11327,11329,11331],{"id":11216,"depth":86,"text":11326},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11231,"depth":86,"text":11328},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11242,"depth":86,"text":11330},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11252,"depth":86,"text":11332},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9145,"description":11334},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11341,"title":11342,"body":11343,"description":12848,"extension":2017,"meta":12849,"navigation":82,"path":12850,"seo":12851,"stem":12852,"__hash__":12853},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11344,"toc":12817},[11345,11353,11359,11366,11368,11429,11434,11439,11444,11461,11464,11468,11470,11486,11489,11502,11504,11507,11639,11641,11708,11711,11727,11733,11739,11742,11824,11826,11840,11844,11850,11915,11917,11925,11928,11951,11957,12020,12026,12029,12043,12056,12060,12071,12076,12087,12094,12098,12104,12225,12227,12253,12256,12273,12276,12387,12389,12438,12440,12453,12462,12467,12472,12483,12485,12588,12611,12613,12617,12636,12639,12697,12700,12726,12728,12734,12737,12743,12747,12754,12762,12768,12771,12773,12814],[10,11346,11348,11349,11352],{"id":11347},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11350,11351],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11354,11355,11358],{},[15,11356,11357],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11360,11361,11362,11365],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3784,11363,11364],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[47,11367,2059],{"id":2058},[52,11369,11371],{"className":54,"code":11370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11372,11373,11405,11416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11374,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397,11399,11401,11403],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11376,9199],{"class":67},[61,11378,72],{"class":71},[61,11380,1305],{"class":93},[61,11382,1010],{"class":310},[61,11384,221],{"class":314},[61,11386,1010],{"class":310},[61,11388,1314],{"class":93},[61,11390,5535],{"class":75},[61,11392,106],{"class":93},[61,11394,311],{"class":310},[61,11396,1101],{"class":314},[61,11398,1010],{"class":310},[61,11400,1314],{"class":93},[61,11402,3040],{"class":75},[61,11404,1324],{"class":93},[61,11406,11407,11409,11411,11414],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11408,9237],{"class":67},[61,11410,229],{"class":93},[61,11412,11413],{"class":102},"clear",[61,11415,8676],{"class":93},[61,11417,11418,11420,11422,11424,11426],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,11419,90],{"class":89},[61,11421,94],{"class":93},[61,11423,9237],{"class":102},[61,11425,664],{"class":93},[61,11427,11428],{"class":116},"  # {}\n",[20,11430,11431,11433],{},[15,11432,11351],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[47,11435,151,11437,154],{"id":11436},"what-clear-does",[15,11438,11351],{},[20,11440,2034,11441,11443],{},[15,11442,11351],{}," method:",[164,11445,11446,11449,11452,11456],{},[167,11447,11448],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[167,11450,11451],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[167,11453,172,11454],{},[15,11455,3820],{},[167,11457,11458,11459],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11460,3834],{},[20,11462,11463],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11465,9185,11466,229],{},[221,11467,9189],{"href":9188},[47,11469,233],{"id":232},[52,11471,11473],{"className":54,"code":11472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11474,11475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11476,11477,11480,11482,11484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11478,11479],{"class":67},"my_dict",[61,11481,229],{"class":93},[61,11483,11413],{"class":102},[61,11485,8676],{"class":93},[20,11487,11488],{},"Important points:",[164,11490,11491,11496,11499],{},[167,11492,11493,11495],{},[15,11494,11351],{}," takes no arguments",[167,11497,11498],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[167,11500,11501],{},"It empties that dictionary",[47,11503,359],{"id":358},[20,11505,11506],{},"Here is a basic example:",[52,11508,11510],{"className":54,"code":11509,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11511,11512,11522,11542,11556,11573,11577,11581,11601,11605,11616,11620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11513,11514,11517,11519],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11515,11516],{"class":67},"user ",[61,11518,72],{"class":71},[61,11520,11521],{"class":93}," {\n",[61,11523,11524,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11525,11526],{"class":310},"    \"",[61,11528,335],{"class":314},[61,11530,1010],{"class":310},[61,11532,1314],{"class":93},[61,11534,311],{"class":310},[61,11536,315],{"class":314},[61,11538,1010],{"class":310},[61,11540,11541],{"class":93},",\n",[61,11543,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,11545,11526],{"class":310},[61,11547,9331],{"class":314},[61,11549,1010],{"class":310},[61,11551,1314],{"class":93},[61,11553,9338],{"class":75},[61,11555,11541],{"class":93},[61,11557,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568,11571],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,11559,11526],{"class":310},[61,11561,10440],{"class":314},[61,11563,1010],{"class":310},[61,11565,1314],{"class":93},[61,11567,311],{"class":310},[61,11569,11570],{"class":314},"Berlin",[61,11572,318],{"class":310},[61,11574,11575],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,11576,1324],{"class":93},[61,11578,11579],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,11580,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,11582,11583,11585,11587,11589,11592,11594,11596,11599],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,11584,90],{"class":89},[61,11586,94],{"class":93},[61,11588,1010],{"class":310},[61,11590,11591],{"class":314},"Before:",[61,11593,1010],{"class":310},[61,11595,106],{"class":93},[61,11597,11598],{"class":102}," user",[61,11600,258],{"class":93},[61,11602,11603],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,11604,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,11606,11607,11610,11612,11614],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,11608,11609],{"class":67},"user",[61,11611,229],{"class":93},[61,11613,11413],{"class":102},[61,11615,8676],{"class":93},[61,11617,11618],{"class":63,"line":998},[61,11619,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,11621,11622,11624,11626,11628,11631,11633,11635,11637],{"class":63,"line":1025},[61,11623,90],{"class":89},[61,11625,94],{"class":93},[61,11627,1010],{"class":310},[61,11629,11630],{"class":314},"After:",[61,11632,1010],{"class":310},[61,11634,106],{"class":93},[61,11636,11598],{"class":102},[61,11638,258],{"class":93},[20,11640,5597],{},[52,11642,11644],{"className":54,"code":11643,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11645,11646,11699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11647,11648,11651,11653,11655,11657,11659,11661,11663,11665,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683,11685,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695,11697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11649,11650],{"class":67},"Before",[61,11652,1314],{"class":93},[61,11654,1305],{"class":93},[61,11656,3348],{"class":310},[61,11658,335],{"class":314},[61,11660,3348],{"class":310},[61,11662,1314],{"class":93},[61,11664,3343],{"class":310},[61,11666,315],{"class":314},[61,11668,3348],{"class":310},[61,11670,106],{"class":93},[61,11672,3343],{"class":310},[61,11674,9331],{"class":314},[61,11676,3348],{"class":310},[61,11678,1314],{"class":93},[61,11680,9338],{"class":75},[61,11682,106],{"class":93},[61,11684,3343],{"class":310},[61,11686,10440],{"class":314},[61,11688,3348],{"class":310},[61,11690,1314],{"class":93},[61,11692,3343],{"class":310},[61,11694,11570],{"class":314},[61,11696,3348],{"class":310},[61,11698,1324],{"class":93},[61,11700,11701,11704,11706],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11702,11703],{"class":67},"After",[61,11705,1314],{"class":93},[61,11707,9869],{"class":93},[20,11709,11710],{},"What happens here:",[164,11712,11713,11718,11724],{},[167,11714,11715,11717],{},[15,11716,11609],{}," starts with three items",[167,11719,11720,11723],{},[15,11721,11722],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[167,11725,11726],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[47,11728,151,11730,11732],{"id":11729},"what-clear-returns",[15,11731,11351],{}," returns",[20,11734,11735,2446,11737,229],{},[15,11736,11351],{},[15,11738,3820],{},[20,11740,11741],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[52,11743,11745],{"className":54,"code":11744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11746,11747,11781,11785,11800,11804,11814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11748,11749,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11773,11775,11777,11779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11750,11751],{"class":67},"my_dict ",[61,11753,72],{"class":71},[61,11755,1305],{"class":93},[61,11757,1010],{"class":310},[61,11759,2228],{"class":314},[61,11761,1010],{"class":310},[61,11763,1314],{"class":93},[61,11765,5535],{"class":75},[61,11767,106],{"class":93},[61,11769,311],{"class":310},[61,11771,11772],{"class":314},"y",[61,11774,1010],{"class":310},[61,11776,1314],{"class":93},[61,11778,3040],{"class":75},[61,11780,1324],{"class":93},[61,11782,11783],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11784,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,11786,11787,11789,11791,11794,11796,11798],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,11788,1593],{"class":67},[61,11790,72],{"class":71},[61,11792,11793],{"class":67}," my_dict",[61,11795,229],{"class":93},[61,11797,11413],{"class":102},[61,11799,8676],{"class":93},[61,11801,11802],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,11803,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,11805,11806,11808,11810,11812],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,11807,90],{"class":89},[61,11809,94],{"class":93},[61,11811,1620],{"class":102},[61,11813,258],{"class":93},[61,11815,11816,11818,11820,11822],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,11817,90],{"class":89},[61,11819,94],{"class":93},[61,11821,11479],{"class":102},[61,11823,258],{"class":93},[20,11825,345],{},[52,11827,11829],{"className":54,"code":11828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n{}\n",[15,11830,11831,11836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11832,11833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11834,11835],{"class":355},"None\n",[61,11837,11838],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11839,9466],{"class":93},[260,11841,11843],{"id":11842},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11845,11846,11847,11849],{},"Do ",[3784,11848,4670],{}," do this:",[52,11851,11853],{"className":54,"code":11852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11854,11855,11887,11901,11905],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11856,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11858,11751],{"class":67},[61,11860,72],{"class":71},[61,11862,1305],{"class":93},[61,11864,1010],{"class":310},[61,11866,2228],{"class":314},[61,11868,1010],{"class":310},[61,11870,1314],{"class":93},[61,11872,5535],{"class":75},[61,11874,106],{"class":93},[61,11876,311],{"class":310},[61,11878,11772],{"class":314},[61,11880,1010],{"class":310},[61,11882,1314],{"class":93},[61,11884,3040],{"class":75},[61,11886,1324],{"class":93},[61,11888,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11890,11751],{"class":67},[61,11892,72],{"class":71},[61,11894,11793],{"class":67},[61,11896,229],{"class":93},[61,11898,11413],{"class":102},[61,11900,8676],{"class":93},[61,11902,11903],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,11904,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,11906,11907,11909,11911,11913],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,11908,90],{"class":89},[61,11910,94],{"class":93},[61,11912,11479],{"class":102},[61,11914,258],{"class":93},[20,11916,345],{},[52,11918,11919],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,11920,11921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11922,11923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11924,11835],{"class":355},[20,11926,11927],{},"Why this happens:",[164,11929,11930,11936,11941],{},[167,11931,11932,11935],{},[15,11933,11934],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[167,11937,11938,11939],{},"The method returns ",[15,11940,3820],{},[167,11942,11943,11944,11947,11948,11950],{},"Then ",[15,11945,11946],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11949,3820],{}," in the variable",[20,11952,11953,11954,11956],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11955,11351],{}," by itself:",[52,11958,11960],{"className":54,"code":11959,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11961,11962,11994,12004,12008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11963,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11965,11751],{"class":67},[61,11967,72],{"class":71},[61,11969,1305],{"class":93},[61,11971,1010],{"class":310},[61,11973,2228],{"class":314},[61,11975,1010],{"class":310},[61,11977,1314],{"class":93},[61,11979,5535],{"class":75},[61,11981,106],{"class":93},[61,11983,311],{"class":310},[61,11985,11772],{"class":314},[61,11987,1010],{"class":310},[61,11989,1314],{"class":93},[61,11991,3040],{"class":75},[61,11993,1324],{"class":93},[61,11995,11996,11998,12000,12002],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,11997,11479],{"class":67},[61,11999,229],{"class":93},[61,12001,11413],{"class":102},[61,12003,8676],{"class":93},[61,12005,12006],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,12007,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,12009,12010,12012,12014,12016,12018],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,12011,90],{"class":89},[61,12013,94],{"class":93},[61,12015,11479],{"class":102},[61,12017,664],{"class":93},[61,12019,11428],{"class":116},[47,12021,12023,12025],{"id":12022},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12024,11351],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12027,12028],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[52,12030,12031],{"className":54,"code":11472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,12032,12033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12034,12035,12037,12039,12041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12036,11479],{"class":67},[61,12038,229],{"class":93},[61,12040,11413],{"class":102},[61,12042,8676],{"class":93},[52,12044,12046],{"className":54,"code":12045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12047,12048],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12049,12050,12052,12054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12051,11751],{"class":67},[61,12053,72],{"class":71},[61,12055,9869],{"class":93},[260,12057,12058],{"id":11413},[15,12059,11351],{},[164,12061,12062,12065,12068],{},[167,12063,12064],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[167,12066,12067],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[167,12069,12070],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[260,12072,12073],{"id":11479},[15,12074,12075],{},"my_dict = {}",[164,12077,12078,12081,12084],{},[167,12079,12080],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[167,12082,12083],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[167,12085,12086],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12088,12089,12090,229],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[221,12091,12093],{"href":12092},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[47,12095,12097],{"id":12096},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12099,12100,12101,12103],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12102,11351],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[52,12105,12107],{"className":54,"code":12106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12108,12109,12142,12152,12156,12167,12171,12191,12211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12110,12111,12114,12116,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126,12128,12130,12132,12134,12136,12138,12140],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12112,12113],{"class":67},"original ",[61,12115,72],{"class":71},[61,12117,1305],{"class":93},[61,12119,1010],{"class":310},[61,12121,221],{"class":314},[61,12123,1010],{"class":310},[61,12125,1314],{"class":93},[61,12127,5535],{"class":75},[61,12129,106],{"class":93},[61,12131,311],{"class":310},[61,12133,1101],{"class":314},[61,12135,1010],{"class":310},[61,12137,1314],{"class":93},[61,12139,3040],{"class":75},[61,12141,1324],{"class":93},[61,12143,12144,12147,12149],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,12145,12146],{"class":67},"other_ref ",[61,12148,72],{"class":71},[61,12150,12151],{"class":67}," original\n",[61,12153,12154],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,12155,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,12157,12158,12161,12163,12165],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,12159,12160],{"class":67},"original",[61,12162,229],{"class":93},[61,12164,11413],{"class":102},[61,12166,8676],{"class":93},[61,12168,12169],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,12170,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,12172,12173,12175,12177,12179,12182,12184,12186,12189],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,12174,90],{"class":89},[61,12176,94],{"class":93},[61,12178,1010],{"class":310},[61,12180,12181],{"class":314},"original:",[61,12183,1010],{"class":310},[61,12185,106],{"class":93},[61,12187,12188],{"class":102}," original",[61,12190,258],{"class":93},[61,12192,12193,12195,12197,12199,12202,12204,12206,12209],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,12194,90],{"class":89},[61,12196,94],{"class":93},[61,12198,1010],{"class":310},[61,12200,12201],{"class":314},"other_ref:",[61,12203,1010],{"class":310},[61,12205,106],{"class":93},[61,12207,12208],{"class":102}," other_ref",[61,12210,258],{"class":93},[61,12212,12213,12215,12217,12219,12221,12223],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,12214,90],{"class":89},[61,12216,94],{"class":93},[61,12218,12113],{"class":102},[61,12220,1199],{"class":672},[61,12222,12208],{"class":102},[61,12224,258],{"class":93},[20,12226,345],{},[52,12228,12230],{"className":54,"code":12229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12231,12232,12240,12249],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12233,12234,12236,12238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12235,12160],{"class":67},[61,12237,1314],{"class":93},[61,12239,9869],{"class":93},[61,12241,12242,12245,12247],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,12243,12244],{"class":67},"other_ref",[61,12246,1314],{"class":93},[61,12248,9869],{"class":93},[61,12250,12251],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,12252,348],{"class":355},[20,12254,12255],{},"This shows:",[164,12257,12258,12265,12270],{},[167,12259,12260,749,12262,12264],{},[15,12261,12160],{},[15,12263,12244],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[167,12266,12267,12269],{},[15,12268,11351],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[167,12271,12272],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12274,12275],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[52,12277,12279],{"className":54,"code":12278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12280,12281,12313,12321,12325,12333,12337,12355,12373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12282,12283,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295,12297,12299,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309,12311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12284,12113],{"class":67},[61,12286,72],{"class":71},[61,12288,1305],{"class":93},[61,12290,1010],{"class":310},[61,12292,221],{"class":314},[61,12294,1010],{"class":310},[61,12296,1314],{"class":93},[61,12298,5535],{"class":75},[61,12300,106],{"class":93},[61,12302,311],{"class":310},[61,12304,1101],{"class":314},[61,12306,1010],{"class":310},[61,12308,1314],{"class":93},[61,12310,3040],{"class":75},[61,12312,1324],{"class":93},[61,12314,12315,12317,12319],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,12316,12146],{"class":67},[61,12318,72],{"class":71},[61,12320,12151],{"class":67},[61,12322,12323],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,12324,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,12326,12327,12329,12331],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,12328,12113],{"class":67},[61,12330,72],{"class":71},[61,12332,9869],{"class":93},[61,12334,12335],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,12336,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,12338,12339,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,12340,90],{"class":89},[61,12342,94],{"class":93},[61,12344,1010],{"class":310},[61,12346,12181],{"class":314},[61,12348,1010],{"class":310},[61,12350,106],{"class":93},[61,12352,12188],{"class":102},[61,12354,258],{"class":93},[61,12356,12357,12359,12361,12363,12365,12367,12369,12371],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,12358,90],{"class":89},[61,12360,94],{"class":93},[61,12362,1010],{"class":310},[61,12364,12201],{"class":314},[61,12366,1010],{"class":310},[61,12368,106],{"class":93},[61,12370,12208],{"class":102},[61,12372,258],{"class":93},[61,12374,12375,12377,12379,12381,12383,12385],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,12376,90],{"class":89},[61,12378,94],{"class":93},[61,12380,12113],{"class":102},[61,12382,1199],{"class":672},[61,12384,12208],{"class":102},[61,12386,258],{"class":93},[20,12388,345],{},[52,12390,12392],{"className":54,"code":12391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12393,12394,12402,12434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12395,12396,12398,12400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12397,12160],{"class":67},[61,12399,1314],{"class":93},[61,12401,9869],{"class":93},[61,12403,12404,12406,12408,12410,12412,12414,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,12405,12244],{"class":67},[61,12407,1314],{"class":93},[61,12409,1305],{"class":93},[61,12411,3348],{"class":310},[61,12413,221],{"class":314},[61,12415,3348],{"class":310},[61,12417,1314],{"class":93},[61,12419,5535],{"class":75},[61,12421,106],{"class":93},[61,12423,3343],{"class":310},[61,12425,1101],{"class":314},[61,12427,3348],{"class":310},[61,12429,1314],{"class":93},[61,12431,3040],{"class":75},[61,12433,1324],{"class":93},[61,12435,12436],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,12437,436],{"class":355},[20,12439,2233],{},[164,12441,12442,12448],{},[167,12443,12444,12447],{},[15,12445,12446],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[167,12449,12450,12452],{},[15,12451,12244],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12454,12455,12456,229],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[221,12457,12459],{"href":12458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12460,12461],{},"dict.copy()",[47,12463,5001,12465],{"id":12464},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12466,11351],{},[20,12468,12469,12471],{},[15,12470,11351],{}," is useful when you want to:",[164,12473,12474,12477,12480],{},[167,12475,12476],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[167,12478,12479],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[167,12481,12482],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12484,295],{},[52,12486,12488],{"className":54,"code":12487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12489,12490,12499,12515,12535,12548,12552,12556,12561,12572,12576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12491,12492,12495,12497],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12493,12494],{"class":67},"session_data ",[61,12496,72],{"class":71},[61,12498,11521],{"class":93},[61,12500,12501,12503,12506,12508,12510,12513],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,12502,11526],{"class":310},[61,12504,12505],{"class":314},"user_id",[61,12507,1010],{"class":310},[61,12509,1314],{"class":93},[61,12511,12512],{"class":75}," 101",[61,12514,11541],{"class":93},[61,12516,12517,12519,12522,12524,12526,12528,12531,12533],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,12518,11526],{"class":310},[61,12520,12521],{"class":314},"theme",[61,12523,1010],{"class":310},[61,12525,1314],{"class":93},[61,12527,311],{"class":310},[61,12529,12530],{"class":314},"dark",[61,12532,1010],{"class":310},[61,12534,11541],{"class":93},[61,12536,12537,12539,12542,12544,12546],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,12538,11526],{"class":310},[61,12540,12541],{"class":314},"logged_in",[61,12543,1010],{"class":310},[61,12545,1314],{"class":93},[61,12547,6460],{"class":355},[61,12549,12550],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,12551,1324],{"class":93},[61,12553,12554],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,12555,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,12557,12558],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,12559,12560],{"class":116},"# Reset for a new session\n",[61,12562,12563,12566,12568,12570],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,12564,12565],{"class":67},"session_data",[61,12567,229],{"class":93},[61,12569,11413],{"class":102},[61,12571,8676],{"class":93},[61,12573,12574],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,12575,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,12577,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586],{"class":63,"line":998},[61,12579,90],{"class":89},[61,12581,94],{"class":93},[61,12583,12565],{"class":102},[61,12585,664],{"class":93},[61,12587,11428],{"class":116},[20,12589,12590,12591,12597,12598,229,12602,12604,12605,229],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[221,12592,12594],{"href":12593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12595,12596],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[221,12599,12601],{"href":12600},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9877,12603],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[221,12606,12608],{"href":12607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12609,12610],{},"dict.popitem()",[47,12612,2878],{"id":2877},[20,12614,10777,12615,1314],{},[15,12616,11351],{},[164,12618,12619,12625,12630,12633],{},[167,12620,12621,12622,12624],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12623,11351],{}," to a variable",[167,12626,8485,12627,12629],{},[15,12628,11351],{}," to return a new dictionary",[167,12631,12632],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[167,12634,12635],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12637,12638],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[52,12640,12642],{"className":54,"code":12641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12643,12644,12654,12668,12683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12645,12646,12648,12650,12652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12647,90],{"class":89},[61,12649,94],{"class":93},[61,12651,11479],{"class":102},[61,12653,258],{"class":93},[61,12655,12656,12658,12660,12662,12664,12666],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,12657,90],{"class":89},[61,12659,94],{"class":93},[61,12661,657],{"class":109},[61,12663,94],{"class":93},[61,12665,11479],{"class":102},[61,12667,342],{"class":93},[61,12669,12670,12672,12674,12677,12679,12681],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,12671,90],{"class":89},[61,12673,94],{"class":93},[61,12675,12676],{"class":89},"id",[61,12678,94],{"class":93},[61,12680,11479],{"class":102},[61,12682,342],{"class":93},[61,12684,12685,12687,12689,12691,12693,12695],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,12686,90],{"class":89},[61,12688,94],{"class":93},[61,12690,12146],{"class":102},[61,12692,1199],{"class":672},[61,12694,11793],{"class":102},[61,12696,258],{"class":93},[20,12698,12699],{},"What these show:",[164,12701,12702,12708,12714,12720],{},[167,12703,12704,12707],{},[15,12705,12706],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[167,12709,12710,12713],{},[15,12711,12712],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[167,12715,12716,12719],{},[15,12717,12718],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[167,12721,12722,12725],{},[15,12723,12724],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[47,12727,1879],{"id":1878},[260,12729,1928,12731,12733],{"id":12730},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12732,11351],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12735,12736],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[260,12738,1883,12740,12742],{"id":12739},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12741,11357],{}," return?",[20,12744,1889,12745,229],{},[15,12746,3820],{},[260,12748,1911,12750,749,12752,1916],{"id":12749},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12751,11351],{},[15,12753,3834],{},[20,12755,12756,12758,12759,12761],{},[15,12757,11351],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12760,3834],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[260,12763,1928,12765,12767],{"id":12764},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12766,11351],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12769,12770],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[47,12772,1938],{"id":1937},[164,12774,12775,12779,12783,12790,12797,12804,12809],{},[167,12776,12777],{},[221,12778,9189],{"href":9188},[167,12780,12781],{},[221,12782,11272],{"href":9422},[167,12784,12785],{},[221,12786,10766,12787,10770],{"href":12593},[15,12788,12789],{},"pop()",[167,12791,12792],{},[221,12793,10766,12794,10770],{"href":12607},[15,12795,12796],{},"popitem()",[167,12798,12799],{},[221,12800,10766,12801,10770],{"href":12458},[15,12802,12803],{},"copy()",[167,12805,12806],{},[221,12807,12808],{"href":12092},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[167,12810,12811],{},[221,12812,12813],{"href":12600},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1969,12815,12816],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":12818},[12819,12820,12822,12823,12824,12828,12833,12834,12836,12837,12847],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":11436,"depth":79,"text":12821},"What clear() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":11729,"depth":79,"text":12825,"children":12826},"What clear() returns",[12827],{"id":11842,"depth":86,"text":11843},{"id":12022,"depth":79,"text":12829,"children":12830},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12831,12832],{"id":11413,"depth":86,"text":11351},{"id":11479,"depth":86,"text":12075},{"id":12096,"depth":79,"text":12097},{"id":12464,"depth":79,"text":12835},"When to use clear()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":12838},[12839,12841,12843,12845],{"id":12730,"depth":86,"text":12840},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12739,"depth":86,"text":12842},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12749,"depth":86,"text":12844},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12764,"depth":86,"text":12846},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11342,"description":12848},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12855,"title":12856,"body":12857,"description":15024,"extension":2017,"meta":15025,"navigation":82,"path":15026,"seo":15027,"stem":15028,"__hash__":15029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12858,"toc":14996},[12859,12864,12869,12879,12881,12969,12973,13014,13019,13026,13044,13053,13055,13076,13079,13091,13093,13172,13176,13217,13219,13222,13350,13354,13434,13437,13455,13458,13462,13468,13470,13481,13483,13677,13681,13787,13790,13808,13811,13818,13823,13827,13841,13843,13970,13974,14054,14067,14073,14076,14084,14088,14214,14218,14292,14297,14428,14432,14506,14509,14523,14527,14531,14545,14547,14683,14687,14756,14758,14763,14785,14788,14895,14898,14909,14916,14918,14924,14927,14934,14937,14944,14952,14956,14959,14961,14993],[10,12860,11348,12862,11352],{"id":12861},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12863,12803],{},[20,12865,12866,12868],{},[15,12867,12461],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12870,12871,12872,12874,12875,12878],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12873,12803],{}," makes a ",[3784,12876,12877],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[47,12880,2059],{"id":2058},[52,12882,12884],{"className":54,"code":12883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12885,12886,12923,12940,12944,12955],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12887,12888,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12901,12903,12905,12907,12909,12911,12913,12915,12917,12919,12921],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12889,12890],{"class":67},"student ",[61,12892,72],{"class":71},[61,12894,1305],{"class":93},[61,12896,1010],{"class":310},[61,12898,335],{"class":314},[61,12900,1010],{"class":310},[61,12902,1314],{"class":93},[61,12904,311],{"class":310},[61,12906,1319],{"class":314},[61,12908,1010],{"class":310},[61,12910,106],{"class":93},[61,12912,311],{"class":310},[61,12914,9331],{"class":314},[61,12916,1010],{"class":310},[61,12918,1314],{"class":93},[61,12920,7825],{"class":75},[61,12922,1324],{"class":93},[61,12924,12925,12928,12930,12933,12935,12938],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,12926,12927],{"class":67},"student_copy ",[61,12929,72],{"class":71},[61,12931,12932],{"class":67}," student",[61,12934,229],{"class":93},[61,12936,12937],{"class":102},"copy",[61,12939,8676],{"class":93},[61,12941,12942],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,12943,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,12945,12946,12948,12950,12953],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,12947,90],{"class":89},[61,12949,94],{"class":93},[61,12951,12952],{"class":102},"student_copy",[61,12954,258],{"class":93},[61,12956,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,12958,90],{"class":89},[61,12960,94],{"class":93},[61,12962,12927],{"class":102},[61,12964,1199],{"class":672},[61,12966,12932],{"class":102},[61,12968,258],{"class":93},[20,12970,12971],{},[3784,12972,345],{},[52,12974,12976],{"className":54,"code":12975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12977,12978,13010],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12979,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12981,9310],{"class":93},[61,12983,3348],{"class":310},[61,12985,335],{"class":314},[61,12987,3348],{"class":310},[61,12989,1314],{"class":93},[61,12991,3343],{"class":310},[61,12993,1319],{"class":314},[61,12995,3348],{"class":310},[61,12997,106],{"class":93},[61,12999,3343],{"class":310},[61,13001,9331],{"class":314},[61,13003,3348],{"class":310},[61,13005,1314],{"class":93},[61,13007,7825],{"class":75},[61,13009,1324],{"class":93},[61,13011,13012],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,13013,436],{"class":355},[20,13015,143,13016,13018],{},[15,13017,12803],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[47,13020,13022,13023,13025],{"id":13021},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13024,12803],{}," method does",[164,13027,13028,13033,13036,13041],{},[167,13029,13030,13032],{},[15,13031,12461],{}," returns a new dictionary",[167,13034,13035],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[167,13037,13038,13039],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13040,12803],{},[167,13042,13043],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13045,13046,13047,31,13050,229],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[221,13048,9189],{"href":13049},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[221,13051,9423],{"href":13052},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[47,13054,233],{"id":232},[52,13056,13058],{"className":54,"code":13057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13059,13060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13061,13062,13065,13067,13070,13072,13074],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13063,13064],{"class":67},"new_dict ",[61,13066,72],{"class":71},[61,13068,13069],{"class":67}," old_dict",[61,13071,229],{"class":93},[61,13073,12937],{"class":102},[61,13075,8676],{"class":93},[20,13077,13078],{},"Key points:",[164,13080,13081,13085,13088],{},[167,13082,13083,11495],{},[15,13084,12803],{},[167,13086,13087],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[167,13089,13090],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13092,295],{},[52,13094,13096],{"className":54,"code":13095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13097,13098,13141,13157,13161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13099,13100,13103,13105,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13137,13139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13101,13102],{"class":67},"colors ",[61,13104,72],{"class":71},[61,13106,1305],{"class":93},[61,13108,1010],{"class":310},[61,13110,221],{"class":314},[61,13112,1010],{"class":310},[61,13114,1314],{"class":93},[61,13116,311],{"class":310},[61,13118,13119],{"class":314},"red",[61,13121,1010],{"class":310},[61,13123,106],{"class":93},[61,13125,311],{"class":310},[61,13127,1101],{"class":314},[61,13129,1010],{"class":310},[61,13131,1314],{"class":93},[61,13133,311],{"class":310},[61,13135,13136],{"class":314},"blue",[61,13138,1010],{"class":310},[61,13140,1324],{"class":93},[61,13142,13143,13146,13148,13151,13153,13155],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,13144,13145],{"class":67},"new_colors ",[61,13147,72],{"class":71},[61,13149,13150],{"class":67}," colors",[61,13152,229],{"class":93},[61,13154,12937],{"class":102},[61,13156,8676],{"class":93},[61,13158,13159],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,13160,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,13162,13163,13165,13167,13170],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,13164,90],{"class":89},[61,13166,94],{"class":93},[61,13168,13169],{"class":102},"new_colors",[61,13171,258],{"class":93},[20,13173,13174],{},[3784,13175,345],{},[52,13177,13179],{"className":54,"code":13178,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13180,13181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13182,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13184,9310],{"class":93},[61,13186,3348],{"class":310},[61,13188,221],{"class":314},[61,13190,3348],{"class":310},[61,13192,1314],{"class":93},[61,13194,3343],{"class":310},[61,13196,13119],{"class":314},[61,13198,3348],{"class":310},[61,13200,106],{"class":93},[61,13202,3343],{"class":310},[61,13204,1101],{"class":314},[61,13206,3348],{"class":310},[61,13208,1314],{"class":93},[61,13210,3343],{"class":310},[61,13212,13136],{"class":314},[61,13214,3348],{"class":310},[61,13216,1324],{"class":93},[47,13218,359],{"id":358},[20,13220,13221],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[52,13223,13225],{"className":54,"code":13224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13226,13227,13265,13281,13285,13307,13311,13330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13228,13229,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13230,13231],{"class":67},"person ",[61,13233,72],{"class":71},[61,13235,1305],{"class":93},[61,13237,1010],{"class":310},[61,13239,335],{"class":314},[61,13241,1010],{"class":310},[61,13243,1314],{"class":93},[61,13245,311],{"class":310},[61,13247,13248],{"class":314},"Liam",[61,13250,1010],{"class":310},[61,13252,106],{"class":93},[61,13254,311],{"class":310},[61,13256,9331],{"class":314},[61,13258,1010],{"class":310},[61,13260,1314],{"class":93},[61,13262,9338],{"class":75},[61,13264,1324],{"class":93},[61,13266,13267,13270,13272,13275,13277,13279],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,13268,13269],{"class":67},"person_copy ",[61,13271,72],{"class":71},[61,13273,13274],{"class":67}," person",[61,13276,229],{"class":93},[61,13278,12937],{"class":102},[61,13280,8676],{"class":93},[61,13282,13283],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,13284,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,13286,13287,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13301,13304],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,13288,13289],{"class":67},"person_copy",[61,13291,1356],{"class":93},[61,13293,1010],{"class":310},[61,13295,9331],{"class":314},[61,13297,1010],{"class":310},[61,13299,13300],{"class":93},"]",[61,13302,13303],{"class":71}," =",[61,13305,13306],{"class":75}," 26\n",[61,13308,13309],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,13310,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,13312,13313,13315,13317,13319,13322,13324,13326,13328],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,13314,90],{"class":89},[61,13316,94],{"class":93},[61,13318,1010],{"class":310},[61,13320,13321],{"class":314},"Original:",[61,13323,1010],{"class":310},[61,13325,106],{"class":93},[61,13327,13274],{"class":102},[61,13329,258],{"class":93},[61,13331,13332,13334,13336,13338,13341,13343,13345,13348],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,13333,90],{"class":89},[61,13335,94],{"class":93},[61,13337,1010],{"class":310},[61,13339,13340],{"class":314},"Copy:",[61,13342,1010],{"class":310},[61,13344,106],{"class":93},[61,13346,13347],{"class":102}," person_copy",[61,13349,258],{"class":93},[20,13351,13352],{},[3784,13353,345],{},[52,13355,13357],{"className":54,"code":13356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13358,13359,13396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13360,13361,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13362,13363],{"class":67},"Original",[61,13365,1314],{"class":93},[61,13367,1305],{"class":93},[61,13369,3348],{"class":310},[61,13371,335],{"class":314},[61,13373,3348],{"class":310},[61,13375,1314],{"class":93},[61,13377,3343],{"class":310},[61,13379,13248],{"class":314},[61,13381,3348],{"class":310},[61,13383,106],{"class":93},[61,13385,3343],{"class":310},[61,13387,9331],{"class":314},[61,13389,3348],{"class":310},[61,13391,1314],{"class":93},[61,13393,9338],{"class":75},[61,13395,1324],{"class":93},[61,13397,13398,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429,13432],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,13399,13400],{"class":67},"Copy",[61,13402,1314],{"class":93},[61,13404,1305],{"class":93},[61,13406,3348],{"class":310},[61,13408,335],{"class":314},[61,13410,3348],{"class":310},[61,13412,1314],{"class":93},[61,13414,3343],{"class":310},[61,13416,13248],{"class":314},[61,13418,3348],{"class":310},[61,13420,106],{"class":93},[61,13422,3343],{"class":310},[61,13424,9331],{"class":314},[61,13426,3348],{"class":310},[61,13428,1314],{"class":93},[61,13430,13431],{"class":75}," 26",[61,13433,1324],{"class":93},[20,13435,13436],{},"What happened here:",[164,13438,13439,13445,13452],{},[167,13440,13441,13444],{},[15,13442,13443],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[167,13446,13447,13448,13451],{},"Changing ",[15,13449,13450],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[167,13453,13454],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13456,13457],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[47,13459,13461],{"id":13460},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13463,13464,12874,13466,229],{},[15,13465,12803],{},[3784,13467,12877],{},[20,13469,2162],{},[164,13471,13472,13475,13478],{},[167,13473,13474],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[167,13476,13477],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[167,13479,13480],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13482,295],{},[52,13484,13486],{"className":54,"code":13485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13487,13488,13496,13514,13537,13541,13545,13559,13563,13587,13591,13609,13628,13643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13489,13490,13492,13494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13491,12890],{"class":67},[61,13493,72],{"class":71},[61,13495,11521],{"class":93},[61,13497,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,13499,11526],{"class":310},[61,13501,335],{"class":314},[61,13503,1010],{"class":310},[61,13505,1314],{"class":93},[61,13507,311],{"class":310},[61,13509,1319],{"class":314},[61,13511,1010],{"class":310},[61,13513,11541],{"class":93},[61,13515,13516,13518,13521,13523,13525,13527,13530,13532,13535],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,13517,11526],{"class":310},[61,13519,13520],{"class":314},"grades",[61,13522,1010],{"class":310},[61,13524,1314],{"class":93},[61,13526,1088],{"class":93},[61,13528,13529],{"class":75},"90",[61,13531,106],{"class":93},[61,13533,13534],{"class":75}," 85",[61,13536,1115],{"class":93},[61,13538,13539],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,13540,1324],{"class":93},[61,13542,13543],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,13544,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,13546,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,13548,12927],{"class":67},[61,13550,72],{"class":71},[61,13552,12932],{"class":67},[61,13554,229],{"class":93},[61,13556,12937],{"class":102},[61,13558,8676],{"class":93},[61,13560,13561],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,13562,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,13564,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13578,13581,13583,13585],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,13566,12952],{"class":67},[61,13568,1356],{"class":93},[61,13570,1010],{"class":310},[61,13572,13520],{"class":314},[61,13574,1010],{"class":310},[61,13576,13577],{"class":93},"].",[61,13579,13580],{"class":102},"append",[61,13582,94],{"class":93},[61,13584,1674],{"class":75},[61,13586,258],{"class":93},[61,13588,13589],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,13590,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,13592,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607],{"class":63,"line":998},[61,13594,90],{"class":89},[61,13596,94],{"class":93},[61,13598,1010],{"class":310},[61,13600,13321],{"class":314},[61,13602,1010],{"class":310},[61,13604,106],{"class":93},[61,13606,12932],{"class":102},[61,13608,258],{"class":93},[61,13610,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13626],{"class":63,"line":1025},[61,13612,90],{"class":89},[61,13614,94],{"class":93},[61,13616,1010],{"class":310},[61,13618,13340],{"class":314},[61,13620,1010],{"class":310},[61,13622,106],{"class":93},[61,13624,13625],{"class":102}," student_copy",[61,13627,258],{"class":93},[61,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641],{"class":63,"line":13630},12,[61,13632,90],{"class":89},[61,13634,94],{"class":93},[61,13636,12890],{"class":102},[61,13638,1199],{"class":672},[61,13640,13625],{"class":102},[61,13642,258],{"class":93},[61,13644,13646,13648,13650,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675],{"class":63,"line":13645},13,[61,13647,90],{"class":89},[61,13649,94],{"class":93},[61,13651,13652],{"class":102},"student",[61,13654,1356],{"class":93},[61,13656,1010],{"class":310},[61,13658,13520],{"class":314},[61,13660,1010],{"class":310},[61,13662,13300],{"class":93},[61,13664,8130],{"class":672},[61,13666,13625],{"class":102},[61,13668,1356],{"class":93},[61,13670,1010],{"class":310},[61,13672,13520],{"class":314},[61,13674,1010],{"class":310},[61,13676,1365],{"class":93},[20,13678,13679],{},[3784,13680,345],{},[52,13682,13684],{"className":54,"code":13683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13685,13686,13733,13779,13783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13687,13688,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13689,13363],{"class":67},[61,13691,1314],{"class":93},[61,13693,1305],{"class":93},[61,13695,3348],{"class":310},[61,13697,335],{"class":314},[61,13699,3348],{"class":310},[61,13701,1314],{"class":93},[61,13703,3343],{"class":310},[61,13705,1319],{"class":314},[61,13707,3348],{"class":310},[61,13709,106],{"class":93},[61,13711,3343],{"class":310},[61,13713,13520],{"class":314},[61,13715,3348],{"class":310},[61,13717,1314],{"class":93},[61,13719,1088],{"class":93},[61,13721,13529],{"class":75},[61,13723,106],{"class":93},[61,13725,13534],{"class":75},[61,13727,106],{"class":93},[61,13729,10149],{"class":75},[61,13731,13732],{"class":93},"]}\n",[61,13734,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,13736,13400],{"class":67},[61,13738,1314],{"class":93},[61,13740,1305],{"class":93},[61,13742,3348],{"class":310},[61,13744,335],{"class":314},[61,13746,3348],{"class":310},[61,13748,1314],{"class":93},[61,13750,3343],{"class":310},[61,13752,1319],{"class":314},[61,13754,3348],{"class":310},[61,13756,106],{"class":93},[61,13758,3343],{"class":310},[61,13760,13520],{"class":314},[61,13762,3348],{"class":310},[61,13764,1314],{"class":93},[61,13766,1088],{"class":93},[61,13768,13529],{"class":75},[61,13770,106],{"class":93},[61,13772,13534],{"class":75},[61,13774,106],{"class":93},[61,13776,10149],{"class":75},[61,13778,13732],{"class":93},[61,13780,13781],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,13782,436],{"class":355},[61,13784,13785],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,13786,348],{"class":355},[20,13788,13789],{},"Notice the difference:",[164,13791,13792,13800],{},[167,13793,13794,4823,13797,13799],{},[15,13795,13796],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13798,34],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[167,13801,13802,4823,13805,13807],{},[15,13803,13804],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13806,30],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13809,13810],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13812,13813,13814,229],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[221,13815,13817],{"href":13816},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[47,13819,5001,13821],{"id":13820},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13822,12803],{},[20,13824,143,13825,10630],{},[15,13826,12803],{},[164,13828,13829,13832,13835,13838],{},[167,13830,13831],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[167,13833,13834],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[167,13836,13837],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[167,13839,13840],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13842,295],{},[52,13844,13846],{"className":54,"code":13845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13847,13848,13887,13903,13907,13927,13931,13950],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13849,13850,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13878,13880,13882,13885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13851,13852],{"class":67},"settings ",[61,13854,72],{"class":71},[61,13856,1305],{"class":93},[61,13858,1010],{"class":310},[61,13860,12521],{"class":314},[61,13862,1010],{"class":310},[61,13864,1314],{"class":93},[61,13866,311],{"class":310},[61,13868,12530],{"class":314},[61,13870,1010],{"class":310},[61,13872,106],{"class":93},[61,13874,311],{"class":310},[61,13876,13877],{"class":314},"font_size",[61,13879,1010],{"class":310},[61,13881,1314],{"class":93},[61,13883,13884],{"class":75}," 14",[61,13886,1324],{"class":93},[61,13888,13889,13892,13894,13897,13899,13901],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,13890,13891],{"class":67},"settings_backup ",[61,13893,72],{"class":71},[61,13895,13896],{"class":67}," settings",[61,13898,229],{"class":93},[61,13900,12937],{"class":102},[61,13902,8676],{"class":93},[61,13904,13905],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,13906,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,13908,13909,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,13910,13911],{"class":67},"settings",[61,13913,1356],{"class":93},[61,13915,1010],{"class":310},[61,13917,13877],{"class":314},[61,13919,1010],{"class":310},[61,13921,13300],{"class":93},[61,13923,13303],{"class":71},[61,13925,13926],{"class":75}," 16\n",[61,13928,13929],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,13930,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,13932,13933,13935,13937,13939,13942,13944,13946,13948],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,13934,90],{"class":89},[61,13936,94],{"class":93},[61,13938,1010],{"class":310},[61,13940,13941],{"class":314},"Current:",[61,13943,1010],{"class":310},[61,13945,106],{"class":93},[61,13947,13896],{"class":102},[61,13949,258],{"class":93},[61,13951,13952,13954,13956,13958,13961,13963,13965,13968],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,13953,90],{"class":89},[61,13955,94],{"class":93},[61,13957,1010],{"class":310},[61,13959,13960],{"class":314},"Backup:",[61,13962,1010],{"class":310},[61,13964,106],{"class":93},[61,13966,13967],{"class":102}," settings_backup",[61,13969,258],{"class":93},[20,13971,13972],{},[3784,13973,345],{},[52,13975,13977],{"className":54,"code":13976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13978,13979,14017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13980,13981,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13982,13983],{"class":67},"Current",[61,13985,1314],{"class":93},[61,13987,1305],{"class":93},[61,13989,3348],{"class":310},[61,13991,12521],{"class":314},[61,13993,3348],{"class":310},[61,13995,1314],{"class":93},[61,13997,3343],{"class":310},[61,13999,12530],{"class":314},[61,14001,3348],{"class":310},[61,14003,106],{"class":93},[61,14005,3343],{"class":310},[61,14007,13877],{"class":314},[61,14009,3348],{"class":310},[61,14011,1314],{"class":93},[61,14013,14014],{"class":75}," 16",[61,14016,1324],{"class":93},[61,14018,14019,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,14020,14021],{"class":67},"Backup",[61,14023,1314],{"class":93},[61,14025,1305],{"class":93},[61,14027,3348],{"class":310},[61,14029,12521],{"class":314},[61,14031,3348],{"class":310},[61,14033,1314],{"class":93},[61,14035,3343],{"class":310},[61,14037,12530],{"class":314},[61,14039,3348],{"class":310},[61,14041,106],{"class":93},[61,14043,3343],{"class":310},[61,14045,13877],{"class":314},[61,14047,3348],{"class":310},[61,14049,1314],{"class":93},[61,14051,13884],{"class":75},[61,14053,1324],{"class":93},[20,14055,14056,14057,31,14063,229],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[221,14058,14060],{"href":14059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14061,14062],{},"dict.update()",[221,14064,14065],{"href":12850},[15,14066,11357],{},[47,14068,14070,14072],{"id":14069},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14071,12803],{}," vs assignment",[20,14074,14075],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14077,8449,14078,14080,14081,14083],{},[15,14079,72],{}," does ",[3784,14082,4670],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[260,14085,14087],{"id":14086},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[52,14089,14091],{"className":54,"code":14090,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14092,14093,14125,14134,14138,14158,14162,14180,14200],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14094,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14096,12113],{"class":67},[61,14098,72],{"class":71},[61,14100,1305],{"class":93},[61,14102,1010],{"class":310},[61,14104,2228],{"class":314},[61,14106,1010],{"class":310},[61,14108,1314],{"class":93},[61,14110,5535],{"class":75},[61,14112,106],{"class":93},[61,14114,311],{"class":310},[61,14116,11772],{"class":314},[61,14118,1010],{"class":310},[61,14120,1314],{"class":93},[61,14122,3040],{"class":75},[61,14124,1324],{"class":93},[61,14126,14127,14130,14132],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,14128,14129],{"class":67},"assigned ",[61,14131,72],{"class":71},[61,14133,12151],{"class":67},[61,14135,14136],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,14137,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,14139,14140,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,14141,14142],{"class":67},"assigned",[61,14144,1356],{"class":93},[61,14146,1010],{"class":310},[61,14148,2228],{"class":314},[61,14150,1010],{"class":310},[61,14152,13300],{"class":93},[61,14154,13303],{"class":71},[61,14156,14157],{"class":75}," 99\n",[61,14159,14160],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,14161,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,14163,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,14165,90],{"class":89},[61,14167,94],{"class":93},[61,14169,1010],{"class":310},[61,14171,13321],{"class":314},[61,14173,1010],{"class":310},[61,14175,106],{"class":93},[61,14177,12188],{"class":102},[61,14179,258],{"class":93},[61,14181,14182,14184,14186,14188,14191,14193,14195,14198],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,14183,90],{"class":89},[61,14185,94],{"class":93},[61,14187,1010],{"class":310},[61,14189,14190],{"class":314},"Assigned:",[61,14192,1010],{"class":310},[61,14194,106],{"class":93},[61,14196,14197],{"class":102}," assigned",[61,14199,258],{"class":93},[61,14201,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,14203,90],{"class":89},[61,14205,94],{"class":93},[61,14207,12113],{"class":102},[61,14209,1199],{"class":672},[61,14211,14197],{"class":102},[61,14213,258],{"class":93},[20,14215,14216],{},[3784,14217,345],{},[52,14219,14221],{"className":54,"code":14220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14222,14223,14255,14288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14224,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14226,13363],{"class":67},[61,14228,1314],{"class":93},[61,14230,1305],{"class":93},[61,14232,3348],{"class":310},[61,14234,2228],{"class":314},[61,14236,3348],{"class":310},[61,14238,1314],{"class":93},[61,14240,10228],{"class":75},[61,14242,106],{"class":93},[61,14244,3343],{"class":310},[61,14246,11772],{"class":314},[61,14248,3348],{"class":310},[61,14250,1314],{"class":93},[61,14252,3040],{"class":75},[61,14254,1324],{"class":93},[61,14256,14257,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,14258,14259],{"class":67},"Assigned",[61,14261,1314],{"class":93},[61,14263,1305],{"class":93},[61,14265,3348],{"class":310},[61,14267,2228],{"class":314},[61,14269,3348],{"class":310},[61,14271,1314],{"class":93},[61,14273,10228],{"class":75},[61,14275,106],{"class":93},[61,14277,3343],{"class":310},[61,14279,11772],{"class":314},[61,14281,3348],{"class":310},[61,14283,1314],{"class":93},[61,14285,3040],{"class":75},[61,14287,1324],{"class":93},[61,14289,14290],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,14291,348],{"class":355},[260,14293,8449,14295],{"id":14294},"using-copy",[15,14296,12803],{},[52,14298,14300],{"className":54,"code":14299,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14301,14302,14334,14349,14353,14372,14376,14394,14414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14303,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14305,12113],{"class":67},[61,14307,72],{"class":71},[61,14309,1305],{"class":93},[61,14311,1010],{"class":310},[61,14313,2228],{"class":314},[61,14315,1010],{"class":310},[61,14317,1314],{"class":93},[61,14319,5535],{"class":75},[61,14321,106],{"class":93},[61,14323,311],{"class":310},[61,14325,11772],{"class":314},[61,14327,1010],{"class":310},[61,14329,1314],{"class":93},[61,14331,3040],{"class":75},[61,14333,1324],{"class":93},[61,14335,14336,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,14337,14338],{"class":67},"copied ",[61,14340,72],{"class":71},[61,14342,12188],{"class":67},[61,14344,229],{"class":93},[61,14346,12937],{"class":102},[61,14348,8676],{"class":93},[61,14350,14351],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,14352,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,14354,14355,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,14356,14357],{"class":67},"copied",[61,14359,1356],{"class":93},[61,14361,1010],{"class":310},[61,14363,2228],{"class":314},[61,14365,1010],{"class":310},[61,14367,13300],{"class":93},[61,14369,13303],{"class":71},[61,14371,14157],{"class":75},[61,14373,14374],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,14375,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,14377,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,14379,90],{"class":89},[61,14381,94],{"class":93},[61,14383,1010],{"class":310},[61,14385,13321],{"class":314},[61,14387,1010],{"class":310},[61,14389,106],{"class":93},[61,14391,12188],{"class":102},[61,14393,258],{"class":93},[61,14395,14396,14398,14400,14402,14405,14407,14409,14412],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,14397,90],{"class":89},[61,14399,94],{"class":93},[61,14401,1010],{"class":310},[61,14403,14404],{"class":314},"Copied:",[61,14406,1010],{"class":310},[61,14408,106],{"class":93},[61,14410,14411],{"class":102}," copied",[61,14413,258],{"class":93},[61,14415,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,14417,90],{"class":89},[61,14419,94],{"class":93},[61,14421,12113],{"class":102},[61,14423,1199],{"class":672},[61,14425,14411],{"class":102},[61,14427,258],{"class":93},[20,14429,14430],{},[3784,14431,345],{},[52,14433,14435],{"className":54,"code":14434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14436,14437,14469,14502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14438,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14440,13363],{"class":67},[61,14442,1314],{"class":93},[61,14444,1305],{"class":93},[61,14446,3348],{"class":310},[61,14448,2228],{"class":314},[61,14450,3348],{"class":310},[61,14452,1314],{"class":93},[61,14454,5535],{"class":75},[61,14456,106],{"class":93},[61,14458,3343],{"class":310},[61,14460,11772],{"class":314},[61,14462,3348],{"class":310},[61,14464,1314],{"class":93},[61,14466,3040],{"class":75},[61,14468,1324],{"class":93},[61,14470,14471,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,14472,14473],{"class":67},"Copied",[61,14475,1314],{"class":93},[61,14477,1305],{"class":93},[61,14479,3348],{"class":310},[61,14481,2228],{"class":314},[61,14483,3348],{"class":310},[61,14485,1314],{"class":93},[61,14487,10228],{"class":75},[61,14489,106],{"class":93},[61,14491,3343],{"class":310},[61,14493,11772],{"class":314},[61,14495,3348],{"class":310},[61,14497,1314],{"class":93},[61,14499,3040],{"class":75},[61,14501,1324],{"class":93},[61,14503,14504],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,14505,436],{"class":355},[20,14507,14508],{},"Summary:",[164,14510,14511,14517],{},[167,14512,14513,14516],{},[15,14514,14515],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[167,14518,14519,14522],{},[15,14520,14521],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[47,14524,14526],{"id":14525},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14528,14529,1314],{},[15,14530,12803],{},[164,14532,14533,14536,14539,14542],{},[167,14534,14535],{},"Returns a dictionary",[167,14537,14538],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[167,14540,14541],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[167,14543,14544],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14546,295],{},[52,14548,14550],{"className":54,"code":14549,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14551,14552,14584,14600,14604,14622,14642,14646,14664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14553,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14555,9199],{"class":67},[61,14557,72],{"class":71},[61,14559,1305],{"class":93},[61,14561,1010],{"class":310},[61,14563,221],{"class":314},[61,14565,1010],{"class":310},[61,14567,1314],{"class":93},[61,14569,5535],{"class":75},[61,14571,106],{"class":93},[61,14573,311],{"class":310},[61,14575,1101],{"class":314},[61,14577,1010],{"class":310},[61,14579,1314],{"class":93},[61,14581,3040],{"class":75},[61,14583,1324],{"class":93},[61,14585,14586,14589,14591,14594,14596,14598],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,14587,14588],{"class":67},"data_copy ",[61,14590,72],{"class":71},[61,14592,14593],{"class":67}," data",[61,14595,229],{"class":93},[61,14597,12937],{"class":102},[61,14599,8676],{"class":93},[61,14601,14602],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,14603,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,14605,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,14607,9237],{"class":67},[61,14609,1356],{"class":93},[61,14611,1010],{"class":310},[61,14613,221],{"class":314},[61,14615,1010],{"class":310},[61,14617,13300],{"class":93},[61,14619,13303],{"class":71},[61,14621,76],{"class":75},[61,14623,14624,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,14625,14626],{"class":67},"data_copy",[61,14628,1356],{"class":93},[61,14630,1010],{"class":310},[61,14632,1101],{"class":314},[61,14634,1010],{"class":310},[61,14636,13300],{"class":93},[61,14638,13303],{"class":71},[61,14640,14641],{"class":75}," 20\n",[61,14643,14644],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,14645,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,14647,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,14649,90],{"class":89},[61,14651,94],{"class":93},[61,14653,1010],{"class":310},[61,14655,13321],{"class":314},[61,14657,1010],{"class":310},[61,14659,106],{"class":93},[61,14661,14593],{"class":102},[61,14663,258],{"class":93},[61,14665,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14681],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,14667,90],{"class":89},[61,14669,94],{"class":93},[61,14671,1010],{"class":310},[61,14673,13340],{"class":314},[61,14675,1010],{"class":310},[61,14677,106],{"class":93},[61,14679,14680],{"class":102}," data_copy",[61,14682,258],{"class":93},[20,14684,14685],{},[3784,14686,345],{},[52,14688,14690],{"className":54,"code":14689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14691,14692,14724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14693,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14695,13363],{"class":67},[61,14697,1314],{"class":93},[61,14699,1305],{"class":93},[61,14701,3348],{"class":310},[61,14703,221],{"class":314},[61,14705,3348],{"class":310},[61,14707,1314],{"class":93},[61,14709,6043],{"class":75},[61,14711,106],{"class":93},[61,14713,3343],{"class":310},[61,14715,1101],{"class":314},[61,14717,3348],{"class":310},[61,14719,1314],{"class":93},[61,14721,3040],{"class":75},[61,14723,1324],{"class":93},[61,14725,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,14727,13400],{"class":67},[61,14729,1314],{"class":93},[61,14731,1305],{"class":93},[61,14733,3348],{"class":310},[61,14735,221],{"class":314},[61,14737,3348],{"class":310},[61,14739,1314],{"class":93},[61,14741,5535],{"class":75},[61,14743,106],{"class":93},[61,14745,3343],{"class":310},[61,14747,1101],{"class":314},[61,14749,3348],{"class":310},[61,14751,1314],{"class":93},[61,14753,7825],{"class":75},[61,14755,1324],{"class":93},[47,14757,2878],{"id":2877},[20,14759,14760,14761,1314],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14762,12461],{},[164,14764,14765,14772,14777,14782],{},[167,14766,8449,14767,1395,14769,14771],{},[15,14768,72],{},[15,14770,12803],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[167,14773,4618,14774,14776],{},[15,14775,12803],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[167,14778,14779,14780],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14781,12803],{},[167,14783,14784],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14786,14787],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[52,14789,14791],{"className":54,"code":14790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14792,14793,14803,14813,14827,14850,14873],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14794,14795,14797,14799,14801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14796,90],{"class":89},[61,14798,94],{"class":93},[61,14800,12160],{"class":102},[61,14802,258],{"class":93},[61,14804,14805,14807,14809,14811],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,14806,90],{"class":89},[61,14808,94],{"class":93},[61,14810,14357],{"class":102},[61,14812,258],{"class":93},[61,14814,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,14816,90],{"class":89},[61,14818,94],{"class":93},[61,14820,12113],{"class":102},[61,14822,1199],{"class":672},[61,14824,14411],{"class":102},[61,14826,258],{"class":93},[61,14828,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14844,14846,14848],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,14830,90],{"class":89},[61,14832,94],{"class":93},[61,14834,12676],{"class":89},[61,14836,94],{"class":93},[61,14838,12160],{"class":102},[61,14840,9266],{"class":93},[61,14842,14843],{"class":89}," id",[61,14845,94],{"class":93},[61,14847,14357],{"class":102},[61,14849,342],{"class":93},[61,14851,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14869,14871],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,14853,90],{"class":89},[61,14855,94],{"class":93},[61,14857,12676],{"class":89},[61,14859,94],{"class":93},[61,14861,12160],{"class":102},[61,14863,1356],{"class":93},[61,14865,1010],{"class":310},[61,14867,14868],{"class":314},"key",[61,14870,1010],{"class":310},[61,14872,1518],{"class":93},[61,14874,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,14876,90],{"class":89},[61,14878,94],{"class":93},[61,14880,12676],{"class":89},[61,14882,94],{"class":93},[61,14884,14357],{"class":102},[61,14886,1356],{"class":93},[61,14888,1010],{"class":310},[61,14890,14868],{"class":314},[61,14892,1010],{"class":310},[61,14894,1518],{"class":93},[20,14896,14897],{},"What these help you check:",[164,14899,14900,14903,14906],{},[167,14901,14902],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[167,14904,14905],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[167,14907,14908],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14910,14911,14912,229],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[221,14913,14915],{"href":14914},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[47,14917,1879],{"id":1878},[260,14919,1928,14921,14923],{"id":14920},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14922,12461],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14925,14926],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[260,14928,14930,14931,14933],{"id":14929},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14932,12461],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14935,14936],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[260,14938,1911,14940,749,14942,1916],{"id":14939},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14941,12803],{},[15,14943,72],{},[20,14945,14946,14948,14949,14951],{},[15,14947,12803],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14950,72],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[260,14953,14955],{"id":14954},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14957,14958],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[47,14960,1938],{"id":1937},[164,14962,14963,14967,14971,14975,14982,14988],{},[167,14964,14965],{},[221,14966,11272],{"href":13052},[167,14968,14969],{},[221,14970,9189],{"href":13049},[167,14972,14973],{},[221,14974,13817],{"href":13816},[167,14976,14977],{},[221,14978,10766,14979,10770],{"href":14059},[15,14980,14981],{},"update()",[167,14983,14984],{},[221,14985,10766,14986,10770],{"href":12850},[15,14987,11351],{},[167,14989,14990],{},[221,14991,14992],{"href":14914},"How to copy a list in Python",[1969,14994,14995],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":14997},[14998,14999,15001,15002,15003,15004,15006,15012,15013,15014,15023],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":13021,"depth":79,"text":15000},"What the copy() method does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":13460,"depth":79,"text":13461},{"id":13820,"depth":79,"text":15005},"When to use copy()",{"id":14069,"depth":79,"text":15007,"children":15008},"copy() vs assignment",[15009,15010],{"id":14086,"depth":86,"text":14087},{"id":14294,"depth":86,"text":15011},"Using copy()",{"id":14525,"depth":79,"text":14526},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":15015},[15016,15018,15020,15022],{"id":14920,"depth":86,"text":15017},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14929,"depth":86,"text":15019},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14939,"depth":86,"text":15021},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14954,"depth":86,"text":14955},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12856,"description":15024},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15031,"title":15032,"body":15033,"description":17229,"extension":2017,"meta":17230,"navigation":82,"path":13052,"seo":17231,"stem":17232,"__hash__":17233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15034,"toc":17191},[15035,15038,15044,15053,15055,15131,15135,15184,15187,15191,15205,15208,15212,15225,15228,15261,15275,15278,15290,15294,15297,15305,15385,15389,15442,15446,15464,15466,15548,15551,15553,15556,15559,15582,15606,15610,15618,15621,15625,15634,15639,15697,15701,15734,15740,15746,15749,15804,15808,15858,15861,15867,15870,15878,15880,15925,15930,15939,15942,15945,15992,15994,15999,16002,16096,16100,16153,16156,16212,16215,16219,16222,16236,16240,16306,16310,16335,16338,16342,16420,16424,16427,16430,16450,16453,16506,16510,16513,16516,16529,16531,16620,16627,16630,16641,16643,16646,16666,16670,16672,16681,16683,16722,16726,16728,16737,16746,16748,16786,16790,16837,16841,16862,16866,16869,16981,16986,17084,17105,17107,17111,17118,17122,17128,17132,17135,17139,17142,17149,17157,17159,17185,17188],[10,15036,15032],{"id":15037},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15039,15040,15041,15043],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3784,15042,9165],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15045,15046,15047,31,15049,229],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[221,15048,9189],{"href":9188},[221,15050,15052],{"href":15051},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[47,15054,2059],{"id":2058},[52,15056,15058],{"className":54,"code":15057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15059,15060,15068,15086,15100,15113,15117,15121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15061,15062,15064,15066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15063,12890],{"class":67},[61,15065,72],{"class":71},[61,15067,11521],{"class":93},[61,15069,15070,15072,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082,15084],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15071,11526],{"class":310},[61,15073,335],{"class":314},[61,15075,1010],{"class":310},[61,15077,1314],{"class":93},[61,15079,311],{"class":310},[61,15081,1319],{"class":314},[61,15083,1010],{"class":310},[61,15085,11541],{"class":93},[61,15087,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,15089,11526],{"class":310},[61,15091,9331],{"class":314},[61,15093,1010],{"class":310},[61,15095,1314],{"class":93},[61,15097,7825],{"class":75},[61,15099,11541],{"class":93},[61,15101,15102,15104,15107,15109,15111],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,15103,11526],{"class":310},[61,15105,15106],{"class":314},"is_active",[61,15108,1010],{"class":310},[61,15110,1314],{"class":93},[61,15112,6460],{"class":355},[61,15114,15115],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,15116,1324],{"class":93},[61,15118,15119],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,15120,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,15122,15123,15125,15127,15129],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,15124,90],{"class":89},[61,15126,94],{"class":93},[61,15128,13652],{"class":102},[61,15130,258],{"class":93},[20,15132,15133],{},[3784,15134,345],{},[52,15136,15138],{"className":54,"code":15137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15139,15140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15141,15142,15144,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15143,9310],{"class":93},[61,15145,3348],{"class":310},[61,15147,335],{"class":314},[61,15149,3348],{"class":310},[61,15151,1314],{"class":93},[61,15153,3343],{"class":310},[61,15155,1319],{"class":314},[61,15157,3348],{"class":310},[61,15159,106],{"class":93},[61,15161,3343],{"class":310},[61,15163,9331],{"class":314},[61,15165,3348],{"class":310},[61,15167,1314],{"class":93},[61,15169,7825],{"class":75},[61,15171,106],{"class":93},[61,15173,3343],{"class":310},[61,15175,15106],{"class":314},[61,15177,3348],{"class":310},[61,15179,1314],{"class":93},[61,15181,3956],{"class":355},[61,15183,1324],{"class":93},[20,15185,15186],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[47,15188,15190],{"id":15189},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[164,15192,15193,15196,15199,15202],{},[167,15194,15195],{},"What a dictionary is",[167,15197,15198],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[167,15200,15201],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[167,15203,15204],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[47,15206,15195],{"id":15207},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15209,9162,15210,229],{},[3784,15211,9165],{},[164,15213,15214,15220],{},[167,15215,15216,15217,15219],{},"A ",[3784,15218,14868],{}," is the label",[167,15221,15216,15222,15224],{},[3784,15223,103],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15226,15227],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[52,15229,15231],{"className":54,"code":15230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15232,15233,15241,15257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15234,15235,15237,15239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15236,12890],{"class":67},[61,15238,72],{"class":71},[61,15240,11521],{"class":93},[61,15242,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15244,11526],{"class":310},[61,15246,335],{"class":314},[61,15248,1010],{"class":310},[61,15250,1314],{"class":93},[61,15252,311],{"class":310},[61,15254,1319],{"class":314},[61,15256,318],{"class":310},[61,15258,15259],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,15260,1324],{"class":93},[164,15262,15263,15269],{},[167,15264,15265,15268],{},[15,15266,15267],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[167,15270,15271,15274],{},[15,15272,15273],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15276,15277],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[164,15279,15280,15282,15284,15287],{},[167,15281,335],{},[167,15283,9331],{},[167,15285,15286],{},"email",[167,15288,15289],{},"country",[47,15291,15293],{"id":15292},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15295,15296],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15298,143,15299,15301,15302,229],{},[15,15300,3834],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15303,15304],{},"key: value",[52,15306,15308],{"className":54,"code":15307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15309,15310,15318,15336,15350,15367,15371,15375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15311,15312,15314,15316],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15313,12890],{"class":67},[61,15315,72],{"class":71},[61,15317,11521],{"class":93},[61,15319,15320,15322,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15321,11526],{"class":310},[61,15323,335],{"class":314},[61,15325,1010],{"class":310},[61,15327,1314],{"class":93},[61,15329,311],{"class":310},[61,15331,1319],{"class":314},[61,15333,1010],{"class":310},[61,15335,11541],{"class":93},[61,15337,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,15339,11526],{"class":310},[61,15341,9331],{"class":314},[61,15343,1010],{"class":310},[61,15345,1314],{"class":93},[61,15347,7825],{"class":75},[61,15349,11541],{"class":93},[61,15351,15352,15354,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,15353,11526],{"class":310},[61,15355,15356],{"class":314},"course",[61,15358,1010],{"class":310},[61,15360,1314],{"class":93},[61,15362,311],{"class":310},[61,15364,7331],{"class":314},[61,15366,318],{"class":310},[61,15368,15369],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,15370,1324],{"class":93},[61,15372,15373],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,15374,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,15376,15377,15379,15381,15383],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,15378,90],{"class":89},[61,15380,94],{"class":93},[61,15382,13652],{"class":102},[61,15384,258],{"class":93},[20,15386,15387],{},[3784,15388,345],{},[52,15390,15392],{"className":54,"code":15391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15393,15394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15395,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15397,9310],{"class":93},[61,15399,3348],{"class":310},[61,15401,335],{"class":314},[61,15403,3348],{"class":310},[61,15405,1314],{"class":93},[61,15407,3343],{"class":310},[61,15409,1319],{"class":314},[61,15411,3348],{"class":310},[61,15413,106],{"class":93},[61,15415,3343],{"class":310},[61,15417,9331],{"class":314},[61,15419,3348],{"class":310},[61,15421,1314],{"class":93},[61,15423,7825],{"class":75},[61,15425,106],{"class":93},[61,15427,3343],{"class":310},[61,15429,15356],{"class":314},[61,15431,3348],{"class":310},[61,15433,1314],{"class":93},[61,15435,3343],{"class":310},[61,15437,7331],{"class":314},[61,15439,3348],{"class":310},[61,15441,1324],{"class":93},[260,15443,15445],{"id":15444},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[164,15447,15448,15453,15458,15461],{},[167,15449,143,15450,15452],{},[15,15451,3834],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[167,15454,15455,15456],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15457,15304],{},[167,15459,15460],{},"Separate items with commas",[167,15462,15463],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15465,295],{},[52,15467,15469],{"className":54,"code":15468,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15470,15471,15480,15500,15516,15529,15533,15537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15472,15473,15476,15478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15474,15475],{"class":67},"book ",[61,15477,72],{"class":71},[61,15479,11521],{"class":93},[61,15481,15482,15484,15487,15489,15491,15493,15496,15498],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15483,11526],{"class":310},[61,15485,15486],{"class":314},"title",[61,15488,1010],{"class":310},[61,15490,1314],{"class":93},[61,15492,311],{"class":310},[61,15494,15495],{"class":314},"Python Basics",[61,15497,1010],{"class":310},[61,15499,11541],{"class":93},[61,15501,15502,15504,15507,15509,15511,15514],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,15503,11526],{"class":310},[61,15505,15506],{"class":314},"pages",[61,15508,1010],{"class":310},[61,15510,1314],{"class":93},[61,15512,15513],{"class":75}," 150",[61,15515,11541],{"class":93},[61,15517,15518,15520,15523,15525,15527],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,15519,11526],{"class":310},[61,15521,15522],{"class":314},"available",[61,15524,1010],{"class":310},[61,15526,1314],{"class":93},[61,15528,6460],{"class":355},[61,15530,15531],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,15532,1324],{"class":93},[61,15534,15535],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,15536,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,15538,15539,15541,15543,15546],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,15540,90],{"class":89},[61,15542,94],{"class":93},[61,15544,15545],{"class":102},"book",[61,15547,258],{"class":93},[20,15549,15550],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[47,15552,9434],{"id":9433},[20,15554,15555],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15557,15558],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[52,15560,15562],{"className":54,"code":15561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15563,15564,15572],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15565,15566,15568,15570],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15567,9199],{"class":67},[61,15569,72],{"class":71},[61,15571,9869],{"class":93},[61,15573,15574,15576,15578,15580],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15575,90],{"class":89},[61,15577,94],{"class":93},[61,15579,9237],{"class":102},[61,15581,258],{"class":93},[52,15583,15584],{"className":54,"code":9437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,15585,15586,15596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15587,15588,15590,15592,15594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15589,9199],{"class":67},[61,15591,72],{"class":71},[61,15593,1343],{"class":109},[61,15595,8676],{"class":93},[61,15597,15598,15600,15602,15604],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15599,90],{"class":89},[61,15601,94],{"class":93},[61,15603,9237],{"class":102},[61,15605,258],{"class":93},[20,15607,15608],{},[3784,15609,345],{},[52,15611,15612],{"className":54,"code":9466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,15613,15614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15615,15616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15617,9466],{"class":93},[20,15619,15620],{},"Both are correct.",[260,15622,15624],{"id":15623},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15626,15627,15629,15630,15633],{},[15,15628,3834],{}," creates an empty ",[3784,15631,15632],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15635,15636,15637,229],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15638,3839],{},[52,15640,15642],{"className":54,"code":15641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15643,15644,15652,15664,15668,15682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15645,15646,15648,15650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15647,11751],{"class":67},[61,15649,72],{"class":71},[61,15651,9869],{"class":93},[61,15653,15654,15657,15659,15662],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15655,15656],{"class":67},"my_set ",[61,15658,72],{"class":71},[61,15660,15661],{"class":109}," set",[61,15663,8676],{"class":93},[61,15665,15666],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,15667,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,15669,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,15671,90],{"class":89},[61,15673,94],{"class":93},[61,15675,657],{"class":109},[61,15677,94],{"class":93},[61,15679,11479],{"class":102},[61,15681,342],{"class":93},[61,15683,15684,15686,15688,15690,15692,15695],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,15685,90],{"class":89},[61,15687,94],{"class":93},[61,15689,657],{"class":109},[61,15691,94],{"class":93},[61,15693,15694],{"class":102},"my_set",[61,15696,342],{"class":93},[20,15698,15699],{},[3784,15700,345],{},[52,15702,15704],{"className":54,"code":15703,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15705,15706,15720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15707,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15709,3337],{"class":71},[61,15711,3340],{"class":882},[61,15713,3343],{"class":310},[61,15715,199],{"class":314},[61,15717,3348],{"class":310},[61,15719,3351],{"class":71},[61,15721,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15723,3337],{"class":71},[61,15725,3340],{"class":882},[61,15727,3343],{"class":310},[61,15729,6326],{"class":314},[61,15731,3348],{"class":310},[61,15733,3351],{"class":71},[47,15735,15737,15738],{"id":15736},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15739,9153],{},[20,15741,15742,15743,15745],{},"You can also use ",[15,15744,9153],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15747,15748],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[52,15750,15752],{"className":54,"code":15751,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15753,15754,15794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15755,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780,15783,15785,15788,15790,15792],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15757,12890],{"class":67},[61,15759,72],{"class":71},[61,15761,1343],{"class":109},[61,15763,94],{"class":93},[61,15765,335],{"class":9208},[61,15767,72],{"class":71},[61,15769,1010],{"class":310},[61,15771,1319],{"class":314},[61,15773,1010],{"class":310},[61,15775,106],{"class":93},[61,15777,9221],{"class":9208},[61,15779,72],{"class":71},[61,15781,15782],{"class":75},"20",[61,15784,106],{"class":93},[61,15786,15787],{"class":9208}," active",[61,15789,72],{"class":71},[61,15791,30],{"class":355},[61,15793,258],{"class":93},[61,15795,15796,15798,15800,15802],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15797,90],{"class":89},[61,15799,94],{"class":93},[61,15801,13652],{"class":102},[61,15803,258],{"class":93},[20,15805,15806],{},[3784,15807,345],{},[52,15809,15811],{"className":54,"code":15810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15812,15813],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15814,15815,15817,15819,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15850,15852,15854,15856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15816,9310],{"class":93},[61,15818,3348],{"class":310},[61,15820,335],{"class":314},[61,15822,3348],{"class":310},[61,15824,1314],{"class":93},[61,15826,3343],{"class":310},[61,15828,1319],{"class":314},[61,15830,3348],{"class":310},[61,15832,106],{"class":93},[61,15834,3343],{"class":310},[61,15836,9331],{"class":314},[61,15838,3348],{"class":310},[61,15840,1314],{"class":93},[61,15842,7825],{"class":75},[61,15844,106],{"class":93},[61,15846,3343],{"class":310},[61,15848,15849],{"class":314},"active",[61,15851,3348],{"class":310},[61,15853,1314],{"class":93},[61,15855,3956],{"class":355},[61,15857,1324],{"class":93},[20,15859,15860],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[260,15862,15864,15865],{"id":15863},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15866,9153],{},[20,15868,15869],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[164,15871,15872,15875],{},[167,15873,15874],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[167,15876,15877],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15879,6722],{},[52,15881,15883],{"className":54,"code":15882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15884,15885,15915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15886,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15888,11516],{"class":67},[61,15890,72],{"class":71},[61,15892,1343],{"class":109},[61,15894,94],{"class":93},[61,15896,335],{"class":9208},[61,15898,72],{"class":71},[61,15900,1010],{"class":310},[61,15902,7711],{"class":314},[61,15904,1010],{"class":310},[61,15906,106],{"class":93},[61,15908,9221],{"class":9208},[61,15910,72],{"class":71},[61,15912,9226],{"class":75},[61,15914,258],{"class":93},[61,15916,15917,15919,15921,15923],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15918,90],{"class":89},[61,15920,94],{"class":93},[61,15922,11609],{"class":102},[61,15924,258],{"class":93},[20,15926,4667,15927,15929],{},[3784,15928,4670],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[52,15931,15933],{"className":54,"code":15932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15934,15935],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15936,15937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15938,15932],{"class":116},[20,15940,15941],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15943,15944],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[52,15946,15948],{"className":54,"code":15947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15949,15950,15958,15974,15978,15982],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15951,15952,15954,15956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15953,11516],{"class":67},[61,15955,72],{"class":71},[61,15957,11521],{"class":93},[61,15959,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,15961,11526],{"class":310},[61,15963,10526],{"class":314},[61,15965,1010],{"class":310},[61,15967,1314],{"class":93},[61,15969,311],{"class":310},[61,15971,7711],{"class":314},[61,15973,318],{"class":310},[61,15975,15976],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,15977,1324],{"class":93},[61,15979,15980],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,15981,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,15983,15984,15986,15988,15990],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,15985,90],{"class":89},[61,15987,94],{"class":93},[61,15989,11609],{"class":102},[61,15991,258],{"class":93},[47,15993,9476],{"id":9475},[20,15995,15996,15998],{},[15,15997,9153],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16000,16001],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[52,16003,16005],{"className":54,"code":16004,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16006,16007,16064,16068,16082,16086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16008,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057,16060,16062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16010,9248],{"class":67},[61,16012,72],{"class":71},[61,16014,9253],{"class":93},[61,16016,1010],{"class":310},[61,16018,335],{"class":314},[61,16020,1010],{"class":310},[61,16022,106],{"class":93},[61,16024,311],{"class":310},[61,16026,1319],{"class":314},[61,16028,1010],{"class":310},[61,16030,9266],{"class":93},[61,16032,572],{"class":93},[61,16034,1010],{"class":310},[61,16036,9331],{"class":314},[61,16038,1010],{"class":310},[61,16040,106],{"class":93},[61,16042,7825],{"class":75},[61,16044,9266],{"class":93},[61,16046,572],{"class":93},[61,16048,1010],{"class":310},[61,16050,10440],{"class":314},[61,16052,1010],{"class":310},[61,16054,106],{"class":93},[61,16056,311],{"class":310},[61,16058,16059],{"class":314},"Lima",[61,16061,1010],{"class":310},[61,16063,9281],{"class":93},[61,16065,16066],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16067,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,16069,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,16071,12890],{"class":67},[61,16073,72],{"class":71},[61,16075,1343],{"class":109},[61,16077,94],{"class":93},[61,16079,9294],{"class":102},[61,16081,258],{"class":93},[61,16083,16084],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,16085,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,16087,16088,16090,16092,16094],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,16089,90],{"class":89},[61,16091,94],{"class":93},[61,16093,13652],{"class":102},[61,16095,258],{"class":93},[20,16097,16098],{},[3784,16099,345],{},[52,16101,16103],{"className":54,"code":16102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16104,16105],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16106,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16108,9310],{"class":93},[61,16110,3348],{"class":310},[61,16112,335],{"class":314},[61,16114,3348],{"class":310},[61,16116,1314],{"class":93},[61,16118,3343],{"class":310},[61,16120,1319],{"class":314},[61,16122,3348],{"class":310},[61,16124,106],{"class":93},[61,16126,3343],{"class":310},[61,16128,9331],{"class":314},[61,16130,3348],{"class":310},[61,16132,1314],{"class":93},[61,16134,7825],{"class":75},[61,16136,106],{"class":93},[61,16138,3343],{"class":310},[61,16140,10440],{"class":314},[61,16142,3348],{"class":310},[61,16144,1314],{"class":93},[61,16146,3343],{"class":310},[61,16148,16059],{"class":314},[61,16150,3348],{"class":310},[61,16152,1324],{"class":93},[20,16154,16155],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[52,16157,16159],{"className":54,"code":16158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16160,16161,16202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16162,16163,16165,16167,16169,16172,16174,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16164,12890],{"class":67},[61,16166,72],{"class":71},[61,16168,1343],{"class":109},[61,16170,16171],{"class":93},"(((",[61,16173,1010],{"class":310},[61,16175,335],{"class":314},[61,16177,1010],{"class":310},[61,16179,106],{"class":93},[61,16181,311],{"class":310},[61,16183,1319],{"class":314},[61,16185,1010],{"class":310},[61,16187,9266],{"class":93},[61,16189,572],{"class":93},[61,16191,1010],{"class":310},[61,16193,9331],{"class":314},[61,16195,1010],{"class":310},[61,16197,106],{"class":93},[61,16199,7825],{"class":75},[61,16201,582],{"class":93},[61,16203,16204,16206,16208,16210],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16205,90],{"class":89},[61,16207,94],{"class":93},[61,16209,13652],{"class":102},[61,16211,258],{"class":93},[20,16213,16214],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[47,16216,16218],{"id":16217},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16220,16221],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[164,16223,16224,16227,16230,16233],{},[167,16225,16226],{},"Keys must be unique",[167,16228,16229],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[167,16231,16232],{},"Values can repeat",[167,16234,16235],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[260,16237,16239],{"id":16238},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[52,16241,16243],{"className":54,"code":16242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16244,16245,16253,16271,16288,16292,16296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16246,16247,16249,16251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16248,9199],{"class":67},[61,16250,72],{"class":71},[61,16252,11521],{"class":93},[61,16254,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16256,11526],{"class":310},[61,16258,335],{"class":314},[61,16260,1010],{"class":310},[61,16262,1314],{"class":93},[61,16264,311],{"class":310},[61,16266,1319],{"class":314},[61,16268,1010],{"class":310},[61,16270,11541],{"class":93},[61,16272,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16286],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,16274,11526],{"class":310},[61,16276,335],{"class":314},[61,16278,1010],{"class":310},[61,16280,1314],{"class":93},[61,16282,311],{"class":310},[61,16284,16285],{"class":314},"Maria",[61,16287,318],{"class":310},[61,16289,16290],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,16291,1324],{"class":93},[61,16293,16294],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,16295,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,16297,16298,16300,16302,16304],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,16299,90],{"class":89},[61,16301,94],{"class":93},[61,16303,9237],{"class":102},[61,16305,258],{"class":93},[20,16307,16308],{},[3784,16309,345],{},[52,16311,16313],{"className":54,"code":16312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16314,16315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16316,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16318,9310],{"class":93},[61,16320,3348],{"class":310},[61,16322,335],{"class":314},[61,16324,3348],{"class":310},[61,16326,1314],{"class":93},[61,16328,3343],{"class":310},[61,16330,16285],{"class":314},[61,16332,3348],{"class":310},[61,16334,1324],{"class":93},[20,16336,16337],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[260,16339,16341],{"id":16340},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[52,16343,16345],{"className":54,"code":16344,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16346,16347,16355,16371,16387,16401,16405,16409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16348,16349,16351,16353],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16350,5104],{"class":67},[61,16352,72],{"class":71},[61,16354,11521],{"class":93},[61,16356,16357,16360,16362,16364,16367,16369],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16358,16359],{"class":75},"    1",[61,16361,1314],{"class":93},[61,16363,311],{"class":310},[61,16365,16366],{"class":314},"low",[61,16368,1010],{"class":310},[61,16370,11541],{"class":93},[61,16372,16373,16376,16378,16380,16383,16385],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,16374,16375],{"class":75},"    2",[61,16377,1314],{"class":93},[61,16379,311],{"class":310},[61,16381,16382],{"class":314},"medium",[61,16384,1010],{"class":310},[61,16386,11541],{"class":93},[61,16388,16389,16392,16394,16396,16399],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,16390,16391],{"class":75},"    3",[61,16393,1314],{"class":93},[61,16395,311],{"class":310},[61,16397,16398],{"class":314},"high",[61,16400,318],{"class":310},[61,16402,16403],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,16404,1324],{"class":93},[61,16406,16407],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,16408,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,16410,16411,16413,16415,16418],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,16412,90],{"class":89},[61,16414,94],{"class":93},[61,16416,16417],{"class":102},"scores",[61,16419,258],{"class":93},[260,16421,16423],{"id":16422},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16425,16426],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16428,16429],{},"This will cause an error:",[52,16431,16433],{"className":54,"code":16432,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16434,16435,16440,16445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16436,16437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16438,16439],{"class":116},"# bad = {\n",[61,16441,16442],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16443,16444],{"class":116},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[61,16446,16447],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,16448,16449],{"class":116},"# }\n",[20,16451,16452],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[52,16454,16456],{"className":54,"code":16455,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16457,16458,16467,16487,16491,16495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16459,16460,16463,16465],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16461,16462],{"class":67},"good ",[61,16464,72],{"class":71},[61,16466,11521],{"class":93},[61,16468,16469,16472,16474,16476,16478,16481,16483,16485],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16470,16471],{"class":93},"    (",[61,16473,3035],{"class":75},[61,16475,106],{"class":93},[61,16477,3040],{"class":75},[61,16479,16480],{"class":93},"):",[61,16482,311],{"class":310},[61,16484,3691],{"class":314},[61,16486,318],{"class":310},[61,16488,16489],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,16490,1324],{"class":93},[61,16492,16493],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,16494,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,16496,16497,16499,16501,16504],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,16498,90],{"class":89},[61,16500,94],{"class":93},[61,16502,16503],{"class":102},"good",[61,16505,258],{"class":93},[47,16507,16509],{"id":16508},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16511,16512],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16514,16515],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[164,16517,16518,16521,16523,16526],{},[167,16519,16520],{},"user data",[167,16522,13911],{},[167,16524,16525],{},"counters",[167,16527,16528],{},"lookups",[20,16530,295],{},[52,16532,16534],{"className":54,"code":16533,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16535,16536,16544,16563,16582,16594,16598,16602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16537,16538,16540,16542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16539,11516],{"class":67},[61,16541,72],{"class":71},[61,16543,11521],{"class":93},[61,16545,16546,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556,16559,16561],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16547,11526],{"class":310},[61,16549,8020],{"class":314},[61,16551,1010],{"class":310},[61,16553,1314],{"class":93},[61,16555,311],{"class":310},[61,16557,16558],{"class":314},"ana123",[61,16560,1010],{"class":310},[61,16562,11541],{"class":93},[61,16564,16565,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575,16578,16580],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,16566,11526],{"class":310},[61,16568,15286],{"class":314},[61,16570,1010],{"class":310},[61,16572,1314],{"class":93},[61,16574,311],{"class":310},[61,16576,16577],{"class":314},"ana@example.com",[61,16579,1010],{"class":310},[61,16581,11541],{"class":93},[61,16583,16584,16586,16588,16590,16592],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,16585,11526],{"class":310},[61,16587,12541],{"class":314},[61,16589,1010],{"class":310},[61,16591,1314],{"class":93},[61,16593,6460],{"class":355},[61,16595,16596],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,16597,1324],{"class":93},[61,16599,16600],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,16601,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,16603,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,16605,90],{"class":89},[61,16607,94],{"class":93},[61,16609,11609],{"class":102},[61,16611,1356],{"class":93},[61,16613,1010],{"class":310},[61,16615,15286],{"class":314},[61,16617,1010],{"class":310},[61,16619,1365],{"class":93},[20,16621,16622,16623,229],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[221,16624,16626],{"href":16625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16628,16629],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[164,16631,16632,16635,16638],{},[167,16633,16634],{},"labels are not needed",[167,16636,16637],{},"you mostly care about position",[167,16639,16640],{},"order matters more than named fields",[47,16642,2878],{"id":2877},[20,16644,16645],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[164,16647,16648,16651,16654,16657,16660],{},[167,16649,16650],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[167,16652,16653],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[167,16655,16656],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[167,16658,16659],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[167,16661,16662,16663,16665],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16664,3834],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[260,16667,16669],{"id":16668},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16671,1400],{},[52,16673,16675],{"className":54,"code":16674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16676,16677],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16678,16679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16680,16674],{"class":116},[20,16682,1443],{},[52,16684,16686],{"className":54,"code":16685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16687,16688,16712],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16689,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16691,12890],{"class":67},[61,16693,72],{"class":71},[61,16695,1305],{"class":93},[61,16697,1010],{"class":310},[61,16699,335],{"class":314},[61,16701,1010],{"class":310},[61,16703,1314],{"class":93},[61,16705,311],{"class":310},[61,16707,1319],{"class":314},[61,16709,1010],{"class":310},[61,16711,1324],{"class":93},[61,16713,16714,16716,16718,16720],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16715,90],{"class":89},[61,16717,94],{"class":93},[61,16719,13652],{"class":102},[61,16721,258],{"class":93},[260,16723,16725],{"id":16724},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16727,1400],{},[52,16729,16731],{"className":54,"code":16730,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16732,16733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16734,16735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16736,16730],{"class":116},[20,16738,16739,16740,16742,16743,16745],{},"This only works if ",[15,16741,335],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16744,15267],{},", use quotes.",[20,16747,1443],{},[52,16749,16750],{"className":54,"code":16685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,16751,16752,16776],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16753,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16755,12890],{"class":67},[61,16757,72],{"class":71},[61,16759,1305],{"class":93},[61,16761,1010],{"class":310},[61,16763,335],{"class":314},[61,16765,1010],{"class":310},[61,16767,1314],{"class":93},[61,16769,311],{"class":310},[61,16771,1319],{"class":314},[61,16773,1010],{"class":310},[61,16775,1324],{"class":93},[61,16777,16778,16780,16782,16784],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16779,90],{"class":89},[61,16781,94],{"class":93},[61,16783,13652],{"class":102},[61,16785,258],{"class":93},[260,16787,16789],{"id":16788},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[52,16791,16793],{"className":54,"code":16792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16794,16795,16827],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16796,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823,16825],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16798,9199],{"class":67},[61,16800,72],{"class":71},[61,16802,1305],{"class":93},[61,16804,1010],{"class":310},[61,16806,9331],{"class":314},[61,16808,1010],{"class":310},[61,16810,1314],{"class":93},[61,16812,7825],{"class":75},[61,16814,106],{"class":93},[61,16816,311],{"class":310},[61,16818,9331],{"class":314},[61,16820,1010],{"class":310},[61,16822,1314],{"class":93},[61,16824,7830],{"class":75},[61,16826,1324],{"class":93},[61,16828,16829,16831,16833,16835],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16830,90],{"class":89},[61,16832,94],{"class":93},[61,16834,9237],{"class":102},[61,16836,258],{"class":93},[20,16838,16839],{},[3784,16840,345],{},[52,16842,16844],{"className":54,"code":16843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16845,16846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16847,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16849,9310],{"class":93},[61,16851,3348],{"class":310},[61,16853,9331],{"class":314},[61,16855,3348],{"class":310},[61,16857,1314],{"class":93},[61,16859,7830],{"class":75},[61,16861,1324],{"class":93},[47,16863,16865],{"id":16864},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16867,16868],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[52,16870,16872],{"className":54,"code":16871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16873,16874,16910,16914,16924,16938,16953,16967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16875,16876,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16877,11751],{"class":67},[61,16879,72],{"class":71},[61,16881,1305],{"class":93},[61,16883,1010],{"class":310},[61,16885,335],{"class":314},[61,16887,1010],{"class":310},[61,16889,1314],{"class":93},[61,16891,311],{"class":310},[61,16893,1319],{"class":314},[61,16895,1010],{"class":310},[61,16897,106],{"class":93},[61,16899,311],{"class":310},[61,16901,9331],{"class":314},[61,16903,1010],{"class":310},[61,16905,1314],{"class":93},[61,16907,7825],{"class":75},[61,16909,1324],{"class":93},[61,16911,16912],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,16913,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,16915,16916,16918,16920,16922],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,16917,90],{"class":89},[61,16919,94],{"class":93},[61,16921,11479],{"class":102},[61,16923,258],{"class":93},[61,16925,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,16927,90],{"class":89},[61,16929,94],{"class":93},[61,16931,657],{"class":109},[61,16933,94],{"class":93},[61,16935,11479],{"class":102},[61,16937,342],{"class":93},[61,16939,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948,16951],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,16941,90],{"class":89},[61,16943,94],{"class":93},[61,16945,11479],{"class":102},[61,16947,229],{"class":93},[61,16949,16950],{"class":102},"keys",[61,16952,7228],{"class":93},[61,16954,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,16956,90],{"class":89},[61,16958,94],{"class":93},[61,16960,11479],{"class":102},[61,16962,229],{"class":93},[61,16964,5396],{"class":102},[61,16966,7228],{"class":93},[61,16968,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,16970,90],{"class":89},[61,16972,94],{"class":93},[61,16974,11191],{"class":89},[61,16976,94],{"class":93},[61,16978,11479],{"class":102},[61,16980,342],{"class":93},[20,16982,16983],{},[3784,16984,16985],{},"Example output:",[52,16987,16989],{"className":54,"code":16988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16990,16991,17023,17037,17060,17079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16992,16993,16995,16997,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16994,9310],{"class":93},[61,16996,3348],{"class":310},[61,16998,335],{"class":314},[61,17000,3348],{"class":310},[61,17002,1314],{"class":93},[61,17004,3343],{"class":310},[61,17006,1319],{"class":314},[61,17008,3348],{"class":310},[61,17010,106],{"class":93},[61,17012,3343],{"class":310},[61,17014,9331],{"class":314},[61,17016,3348],{"class":310},[61,17018,1314],{"class":93},[61,17020,7825],{"class":75},[61,17022,1324],{"class":93},[61,17024,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,17026,3337],{"class":71},[61,17028,3340],{"class":882},[61,17030,3343],{"class":310},[61,17032,199],{"class":314},[61,17034,3348],{"class":310},[61,17036,3351],{"class":71},[61,17038,17039,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,17040,17041],{"class":102},"dict_keys",[61,17043,3032],{"class":93},[61,17045,3348],{"class":310},[61,17047,335],{"class":314},[61,17049,3348],{"class":310},[61,17051,106],{"class":93},[61,17053,3343],{"class":310},[61,17055,9331],{"class":314},[61,17057,3348],{"class":310},[61,17059,1365],{"class":93},[61,17061,17062,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,17063,17064],{"class":102},"dict_values",[61,17066,3032],{"class":93},[61,17068,3348],{"class":310},[61,17070,1319],{"class":314},[61,17072,3348],{"class":310},[61,17074,106],{"class":93},[61,17076,7825],{"class":75},[61,17078,1365],{"class":93},[61,17080,17081],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,17082,17083],{"class":75},"2\n",[20,17085,17086,17087,186,17093,196,17099,229],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[221,17088,10766,17090],{"href":17089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17091,17092],{},"keys()",[221,17094,10766,17096],{"href":17095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17097,17098],{},"values()",[221,17100,10766,17102],{"href":17101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17103,17104],{},"items()",[47,17106,1879],{"id":1878},[260,17108,17110],{"id":17109},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17112,143,17113,31,17115,17117],{},[15,17114,3834],{},[15,17116,9153],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[260,17119,17121],{"id":17120},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17123,17124,17125,229],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17126,17127],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[260,17129,17131],{"id":17130},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17133,17134],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[260,17136,17138],{"id":17137},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17140,17141],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[260,17143,1911,17145,749,17147,1916],{"id":17144},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17146,3834],{},[15,17148,9153],{},[20,17150,17151,17153,17154,17156],{},[15,17152,3834],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17155,9153],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[47,17158,1938],{"id":1937},[164,17160,17161,17165,17171,17175,17181],{},[167,17162,17163],{},[221,17164,9189],{"href":9188},[167,17166,17167],{},[221,17168,10766,17169,10770],{"href":10765},[15,17170,10769],{},[167,17172,17173],{},[221,17174,11281],{"href":10760},[167,17176,17177],{},[221,17178,17180],{"href":17179},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[167,17182,17183],{},[221,17184,11292],{"href":11104},[20,17186,17187],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1969,17189,17190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":17192},[17193,17194,17195,17196,17199,17202,17207,17208,17213,17214,17219,17220,17228],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":15189,"depth":79,"text":15190},{"id":15207,"depth":79,"text":15195},{"id":15292,"depth":79,"text":15293,"children":17197},[17198],{"id":15444,"depth":86,"text":15445},{"id":9433,"depth":79,"text":9434,"children":17200},[17201],{"id":15623,"depth":86,"text":15624},{"id":15736,"depth":79,"text":17203,"children":17204},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17205],{"id":15863,"depth":86,"text":17206},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9475,"depth":79,"text":9476},{"id":16217,"depth":79,"text":16218,"children":17209},[17210,17211,17212],{"id":16238,"depth":86,"text":16239},{"id":16340,"depth":86,"text":16341},{"id":16422,"depth":86,"text":16423},{"id":16508,"depth":79,"text":16509},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":17215},[17216,17217,17218],{"id":16668,"depth":86,"text":16669},{"id":16724,"depth":86,"text":16725},{"id":16788,"depth":86,"text":16789},{"id":16864,"depth":79,"text":16865},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":17221},[17222,17223,17224,17225,17226],{"id":17109,"depth":86,"text":17110},{"id":17120,"depth":86,"text":17121},{"id":17130,"depth":86,"text":17131},{"id":17137,"depth":86,"text":17138},{"id":17144,"depth":86,"text":17227},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15032,"description":17229},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17235,"title":17236,"body":17237,"description":19687,"extension":2017,"meta":19688,"navigation":82,"path":19689,"seo":19690,"stem":19691,"__hash__":19692},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17238,"toc":19643},[17239,17245,17251,17254,17257,17259,17341,17347,17352,17356,17374,17386,17391,17395,17418,17422,17434,17442,17446,17452,17454,17457,17532,17534,17579,17581,17598,17603,17609,17614,17688,17690,17735,17738,17749,17751,17870,17872,17925,17932,17936,17939,17956,17962,17966,18064,18066,18118,18125,18129,18135,18138,18141,18168,18173,18177,18180,18284,18286,18331,18334,18337,18342,18347,18358,18360,18421,18481,18487,18495,18501,18506,18511,18571,18575,18642,18645,18649,18720,18723,18736,18743,18745,18749,18753,18824,18826,18863,18866,18869,18932,18939,18941,18983,18993,18996,19065,19071,19076,19160,19162,19211,19218,19224,19269,19271,19304,19309,19313,19319,19358,19402,19470,19513,19515,19521,19524,19528,19533,19537,19540,19544,19546,19607,19609,19635,19640],[10,17240,11348,17242,11352],{"id":17241},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17243,17244],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17246,17247,17250],{},[15,17248,17249],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17252,17253],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17255,17256],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[47,17258,2059],{"id":2058},[52,17260,17262],{"className":54,"code":17261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17263,17264,17297,17325,17336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17265,17266,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17267,17268],{"class":67},"keys ",[61,17270,72],{"class":71},[61,17272,1088],{"class":93},[61,17274,1010],{"class":310},[61,17276,335],{"class":314},[61,17278,1010],{"class":310},[61,17280,106],{"class":93},[61,17282,311],{"class":310},[61,17284,9331],{"class":314},[61,17286,1010],{"class":310},[61,17288,106],{"class":93},[61,17290,311],{"class":310},[61,17292,10440],{"class":314},[61,17294,1010],{"class":310},[61,17296,1115],{"class":93},[61,17298,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17321,17323],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,17300,13231],{"class":67},[61,17302,72],{"class":71},[61,17304,1343],{"class":109},[61,17306,229],{"class":93},[61,17308,17309],{"class":102},"fromkeys",[61,17311,94],{"class":93},[61,17313,16950],{"class":102},[61,17315,106],{"class":93},[61,17317,311],{"class":310},[61,17319,17320],{"class":314},"unknown",[61,17322,1010],{"class":310},[61,17324,258],{"class":93},[61,17326,17327,17329,17331,17334],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,17328,90],{"class":89},[61,17330,94],{"class":93},[61,17332,17333],{"class":102},"person",[61,17335,258],{"class":93},[61,17337,17338],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,17339,17340],{"class":116},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17342,143,17343,17346],{},[15,17344,17345],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[47,17348,151,17350,154],{"id":17349},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17351,17249],{},[20,17353,17354,1314],{},[15,17355,17249],{},[164,17357,17358,17361,17364,17367],{},[167,17359,17360],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[167,17362,17363],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[167,17365,17366],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[167,17368,17369,17370,17373],{},"Is called as ",[15,17371,17372],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17375,17376,17377,17379,17380,17382,17383,229],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17378,199],{},", so you write ",[15,17381,17372],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17384,17385],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17387,17388,17389,229],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[221,17390,9189],{"href":13049},[47,17392,17394],{"id":17393},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[52,17396,17398],{"className":54,"code":17397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17399,17400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17401,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17403,199],{"class":109},[61,17405,229],{"class":93},[61,17407,17309],{"class":102},[61,17409,94],{"class":93},[61,17411,3761],{"class":102},[61,17413,106],{"class":93},[61,17415,8465],{"class":102},[61,17417,258],{"class":93},[260,17419,17421],{"id":17420},"parameters","Parameters",[164,17423,17424,17429],{},[167,17425,17426,17428],{},[15,17427,3761],{},": the keys to use",[167,17430,17431,17433],{},[15,17432,103],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17435,17436,17437,17439,17440,229],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17438,103],{},", each key gets ",[15,17441,3820],{},[260,17443,17445],{"id":17444},"return-value","Return value",[20,17447,17448,17449,229],{},"It returns a ",[3784,17450,17451],{},"new dictionary",[47,17453,5825],{"id":5824},[20,17455,17456],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[52,17458,17460],{"className":54,"code":17459,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17461,17462,17495,17517,17521],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17463,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17465,17268],{"class":67},[61,17467,72],{"class":71},[61,17469,1088],{"class":93},[61,17471,1010],{"class":310},[61,17473,13119],{"class":314},[61,17475,1010],{"class":310},[61,17477,106],{"class":93},[61,17479,311],{"class":310},[61,17481,17482],{"class":314},"green",[61,17484,1010],{"class":310},[61,17486,106],{"class":93},[61,17488,311],{"class":310},[61,17490,13136],{"class":314},[61,17492,1010],{"class":310},[61,17494,1115],{"class":93},[61,17496,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,17498,13102],{"class":67},[61,17500,72],{"class":71},[61,17502,1343],{"class":109},[61,17504,229],{"class":93},[61,17506,17309],{"class":102},[61,17508,94],{"class":93},[61,17510,16950],{"class":102},[61,17512,106],{"class":93},[61,17514,3876],{"class":75},[61,17516,258],{"class":93},[61,17518,17519],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,17520,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,17522,17523,17525,17527,17530],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,17524,90],{"class":89},[61,17526,94],{"class":93},[61,17528,17529],{"class":102},"colors",[61,17531,258],{"class":93},[20,17533,345],{},[52,17535,17537],{"className":54,"code":17536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17538,17539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17540,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17542,9310],{"class":93},[61,17544,3348],{"class":310},[61,17546,13119],{"class":314},[61,17548,3348],{"class":310},[61,17550,1314],{"class":93},[61,17552,3876],{"class":75},[61,17554,106],{"class":93},[61,17556,3343],{"class":310},[61,17558,17482],{"class":314},[61,17560,3348],{"class":310},[61,17562,1314],{"class":93},[61,17564,3876],{"class":75},[61,17566,106],{"class":93},[61,17568,3343],{"class":310},[61,17570,13136],{"class":314},[61,17572,3348],{"class":310},[61,17574,1314],{"class":93},[61,17576,3876],{"class":75},[61,17578,1324],{"class":93},[20,17580,11710],{},[164,17582,17583,17588,17593],{},[167,17584,17585,17587],{},[15,17586,16950],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[167,17589,17590,17592],{},[15,17591,2175],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[167,17594,17595,17597],{},[15,17596,17249],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17599,17600,17601,229],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[221,17602,9423],{"href":13052},[47,17604,8449,17606,17608],{"id":17605},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17607,17244],{}," without a value",[20,17610,17611,17612,229],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17613,3820],{},[52,17615,17617],{"className":54,"code":17616,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17618,17619,17653,17673,17677],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17620,17621,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17649,17651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17622,17623],{"class":67},"fields ",[61,17625,72],{"class":71},[61,17627,1088],{"class":93},[61,17629,1010],{"class":310},[61,17631,8020],{"class":314},[61,17633,1010],{"class":310},[61,17635,106],{"class":93},[61,17637,311],{"class":310},[61,17639,15286],{"class":314},[61,17641,1010],{"class":310},[61,17643,106],{"class":93},[61,17645,311],{"class":310},[61,17647,17648],{"class":314},"password",[61,17650,1010],{"class":310},[61,17652,1115],{"class":93},[61,17654,17655,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17671],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,17656,17657],{"class":67},"user_data ",[61,17659,72],{"class":71},[61,17661,1343],{"class":109},[61,17663,229],{"class":93},[61,17665,17309],{"class":102},[61,17667,94],{"class":93},[61,17669,17670],{"class":102},"fields",[61,17672,258],{"class":93},[61,17674,17675],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,17676,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,17678,17679,17681,17683,17686],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,17680,90],{"class":89},[61,17682,94],{"class":93},[61,17684,17685],{"class":102},"user_data",[61,17687,258],{"class":93},[20,17689,345],{},[52,17691,17693],{"className":54,"code":17692,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17694,17695],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17696,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17698,9310],{"class":93},[61,17700,3348],{"class":310},[61,17702,8020],{"class":314},[61,17704,3348],{"class":310},[61,17706,1314],{"class":93},[61,17708,3894],{"class":355},[61,17710,106],{"class":93},[61,17712,3343],{"class":310},[61,17714,15286],{"class":314},[61,17716,3348],{"class":310},[61,17718,1314],{"class":93},[61,17720,3894],{"class":355},[61,17722,106],{"class":93},[61,17724,3343],{"class":310},[61,17726,17648],{"class":314},[61,17728,3348],{"class":310},[61,17730,1314],{"class":93},[61,17732,3894],{"class":355},[61,17734,1324],{"class":93},[20,17736,17737],{},"This is useful when:",[164,17739,17740,17743,17746],{},[167,17741,17742],{},"You want to create the keys first",[167,17744,17745],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[167,17747,17748],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17750,295],{},[52,17752,17754],{"className":54,"code":17753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17755,17756,17788,17806,17810,17833,17856,17860],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17757,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17759,17623],{"class":67},[61,17761,72],{"class":71},[61,17763,1088],{"class":93},[61,17765,1010],{"class":310},[61,17767,8020],{"class":314},[61,17769,1010],{"class":310},[61,17771,106],{"class":93},[61,17773,311],{"class":310},[61,17775,15286],{"class":314},[61,17777,1010],{"class":310},[61,17779,106],{"class":93},[61,17781,311],{"class":310},[61,17783,17648],{"class":314},[61,17785,1010],{"class":310},[61,17787,1115],{"class":93},[61,17789,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,17791,17657],{"class":67},[61,17793,72],{"class":71},[61,17795,1343],{"class":109},[61,17797,229],{"class":93},[61,17799,17309],{"class":102},[61,17801,94],{"class":93},[61,17803,17670],{"class":102},[61,17805,258],{"class":93},[61,17807,17808],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,17809,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,17811,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17831],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,17813,17685],{"class":67},[61,17815,1356],{"class":93},[61,17817,1010],{"class":310},[61,17819,8020],{"class":314},[61,17821,1010],{"class":310},[61,17823,13300],{"class":93},[61,17825,13303],{"class":71},[61,17827,311],{"class":310},[61,17829,17830],{"class":314},"alice",[61,17832,318],{"class":310},[61,17834,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17854],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,17836,17685],{"class":67},[61,17838,1356],{"class":93},[61,17840,1010],{"class":310},[61,17842,15286],{"class":314},[61,17844,1010],{"class":310},[61,17846,13300],{"class":93},[61,17848,13303],{"class":71},[61,17850,311],{"class":310},[61,17852,17853],{"class":314},"alice@example.com",[61,17855,318],{"class":310},[61,17857,17858],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,17859,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,17861,17862,17864,17866,17868],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,17863,90],{"class":89},[61,17865,94],{"class":93},[61,17867,17685],{"class":102},[61,17869,258],{"class":93},[20,17871,345],{},[52,17873,17875],{"className":54,"code":17874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17876,17877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17878,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17880,9310],{"class":93},[61,17882,3348],{"class":310},[61,17884,8020],{"class":314},[61,17886,3348],{"class":310},[61,17888,1314],{"class":93},[61,17890,3343],{"class":310},[61,17892,17830],{"class":314},[61,17894,3348],{"class":310},[61,17896,106],{"class":93},[61,17898,3343],{"class":310},[61,17900,15286],{"class":314},[61,17902,3348],{"class":310},[61,17904,1314],{"class":93},[61,17906,3343],{"class":310},[61,17908,17853],{"class":314},[61,17910,3348],{"class":310},[61,17912,106],{"class":93},[61,17914,3343],{"class":310},[61,17916,17648],{"class":314},[61,17918,3348],{"class":310},[61,17920,1314],{"class":93},[61,17922,3894],{"class":355},[61,17924,1324],{"class":93},[20,17926,17927,17928,229],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[221,17929,17931],{"href":17930},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[47,17933,17935],{"id":17934},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17937,17938],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[164,17940,17941,17946,17951],{},[167,17942,17943,17945],{},[15,17944,3829],{}," (list)",[167,17947,17948,17950],{},[15,17949,3834],{}," (dictionary)",[167,17952,17953,17955],{},[15,17954,3839],{}," (set)",[20,17957,17958,17959,229],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3784,17960,17961],{},"same object",[260,17963,17965],{"id":17964},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[52,17967,17969],{"className":54,"code":17968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17970,17971,18003,18024,18028,18050,18054],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17972,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17974,17268],{"class":67},[61,17976,72],{"class":71},[61,17978,1088],{"class":93},[61,17980,1010],{"class":310},[61,17982,221],{"class":314},[61,17984,1010],{"class":310},[61,17986,106],{"class":93},[61,17988,311],{"class":310},[61,17990,1101],{"class":314},[61,17992,1010],{"class":310},[61,17994,106],{"class":93},[61,17996,311],{"class":310},[61,17998,1110],{"class":314},[61,18000,1010],{"class":310},[61,18002,1115],{"class":93},[61,18004,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18006,9199],{"class":67},[61,18008,72],{"class":71},[61,18010,1343],{"class":109},[61,18012,229],{"class":93},[61,18014,17309],{"class":102},[61,18016,94],{"class":93},[61,18018,16950],{"class":102},[61,18020,106],{"class":93},[61,18022,18023],{"class":93}," [])\n",[61,18025,18026],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,18027,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,18029,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,18031,9237],{"class":67},[61,18033,1356],{"class":93},[61,18035,1010],{"class":310},[61,18037,221],{"class":314},[61,18039,1010],{"class":310},[61,18041,13577],{"class":93},[61,18043,13580],{"class":102},[61,18045,94],{"class":93},[61,18047,3035],{"class":75},[61,18049,258],{"class":93},[61,18051,18052],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,18053,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,18055,18056,18058,18060,18062],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,18057,90],{"class":89},[61,18059,94],{"class":93},[61,18061,9237],{"class":102},[61,18063,258],{"class":93},[20,18065,345],{},[52,18067,18069],{"className":54,"code":18068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18070,18071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18072,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18074,9310],{"class":93},[61,18076,3348],{"class":310},[61,18078,221],{"class":314},[61,18080,3348],{"class":310},[61,18082,1314],{"class":93},[61,18084,1088],{"class":93},[61,18086,3035],{"class":75},[61,18088,18089],{"class":93},"],",[61,18091,3343],{"class":310},[61,18093,1101],{"class":314},[61,18095,3348],{"class":310},[61,18097,1314],{"class":93},[61,18099,1088],{"class":93},[61,18101,3035],{"class":75},[61,18103,18089],{"class":93},[61,18105,3343],{"class":310},[61,18107,1110],{"class":314},[61,18109,3348],{"class":310},[61,18111,1314],{"class":93},[61,18113,1088],{"class":93},[61,18115,3035],{"class":75},[61,18117,13732],{"class":93},[20,18119,18120,18121,18124],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18122,18123],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[260,18126,18128],{"id":18127},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18130,18131,18134],{},[15,18132,18133],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18136,18137],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18139,18140],{},"So this:",[52,18142,18144],{"className":54,"code":18143,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18145,18146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18147,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18149,9237],{"class":67},[61,18151,1356],{"class":93},[61,18153,1010],{"class":310},[61,18155,221],{"class":314},[61,18157,1010],{"class":310},[61,18159,13577],{"class":93},[61,18161,13580],{"class":102},[61,18163,94],{"class":93},[61,18165,3035],{"class":75},[61,18167,258],{"class":93},[20,18169,18170,18171,229],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18172,18123],{},[260,18174,18176],{"id":18175},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18178,18179],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[52,18181,18183],{"className":54,"code":18182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18184,18185,18217,18244,18248,18270,18274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18186,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18188,17268],{"class":67},[61,18190,72],{"class":71},[61,18192,1088],{"class":93},[61,18194,1010],{"class":310},[61,18196,221],{"class":314},[61,18198,1010],{"class":310},[61,18200,106],{"class":93},[61,18202,311],{"class":310},[61,18204,1101],{"class":314},[61,18206,1010],{"class":310},[61,18208,106],{"class":93},[61,18210,311],{"class":310},[61,18212,1110],{"class":314},[61,18214,1010],{"class":310},[61,18216,1115],{"class":93},[61,18218,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18232,18234,18237,18239,18242],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18220,9199],{"class":67},[61,18222,72],{"class":71},[61,18224,1305],{"class":93},[61,18226,14868],{"class":67},[61,18228,1314],{"class":93},[61,18230,18231],{"class":93}," []",[61,18233,3918],{"class":672},[61,18235,18236],{"class":67}," key ",[61,18238,3924],{"class":672},[61,18240,18241],{"class":67}," keys",[61,18243,1324],{"class":93},[61,18245,18246],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,18247,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,18249,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,18251,9237],{"class":67},[61,18253,1356],{"class":93},[61,18255,1010],{"class":310},[61,18257,221],{"class":314},[61,18259,1010],{"class":310},[61,18261,13577],{"class":93},[61,18263,13580],{"class":102},[61,18265,94],{"class":93},[61,18267,3035],{"class":75},[61,18269,258],{"class":93},[61,18271,18272],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,18273,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,18275,18276,18278,18280,18282],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,18277,90],{"class":89},[61,18279,94],{"class":93},[61,18281,9237],{"class":102},[61,18283,258],{"class":93},[20,18285,345],{},[52,18287,18289],{"className":54,"code":18288,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18290,18291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18292,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18294,9310],{"class":93},[61,18296,3348],{"class":310},[61,18298,221],{"class":314},[61,18300,3348],{"class":310},[61,18302,1314],{"class":93},[61,18304,1088],{"class":93},[61,18306,3035],{"class":75},[61,18308,18089],{"class":93},[61,18310,3343],{"class":310},[61,18312,1101],{"class":314},[61,18314,3348],{"class":310},[61,18316,1314],{"class":93},[61,18318,18319],{"class":93}," [],",[61,18321,3343],{"class":310},[61,18323,1110],{"class":314},[61,18325,3348],{"class":310},[61,18327,1314],{"class":93},[61,18329,18330],{"class":93}," []}\n",[20,18332,18333],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18335,18336],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[47,18338,5001,18340],{"id":18339},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18341,17244],{},[20,18343,18344,18346],{},[15,18345,17249],{}," is a good choice when:",[164,18348,18349,18352,18355],{},[167,18350,18351],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[167,18353,18354],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[167,18356,18357],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18359,2181],{},[52,18361,18363],{"className":54,"code":18362,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18364,18365,18410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18366,18367,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18402,18404,18406,18408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18368,18369],{"class":67},"flags ",[61,18371,72],{"class":71},[61,18373,1343],{"class":109},[61,18375,229],{"class":93},[61,18377,17309],{"class":102},[61,18379,3032],{"class":93},[61,18381,1010],{"class":310},[61,18383,18384],{"class":314},"is_admin",[61,18386,1010],{"class":310},[61,18388,106],{"class":93},[61,18390,311],{"class":310},[61,18392,15106],{"class":314},[61,18394,1010],{"class":310},[61,18396,106],{"class":93},[61,18398,311],{"class":310},[61,18400,18401],{"class":314},"is_verified",[61,18403,1010],{"class":310},[61,18405,18089],{"class":93},[61,18407,3947],{"class":355},[61,18409,258],{"class":93},[61,18411,18412,18414,18416,18419],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18413,90],{"class":89},[61,18415,94],{"class":93},[61,18417,18418],{"class":102},"flags",[61,18420,258],{"class":93},[52,18422,18424],{"className":54,"code":18423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18425,18426,18471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18427,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18445,18447,18449,18451,18454,18456,18458,18460,18463,18465,18467,18469],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18429,5104],{"class":67},[61,18431,72],{"class":71},[61,18433,1343],{"class":109},[61,18435,229],{"class":93},[61,18437,17309],{"class":102},[61,18439,3032],{"class":93},[61,18441,1010],{"class":310},[61,18443,18444],{"class":314},"math",[61,18446,1010],{"class":310},[61,18448,106],{"class":93},[61,18450,311],{"class":310},[61,18452,18453],{"class":314},"science",[61,18455,1010],{"class":310},[61,18457,106],{"class":93},[61,18459,311],{"class":310},[61,18461,18462],{"class":314},"history",[61,18464,1010],{"class":310},[61,18466,18089],{"class":93},[61,18468,3876],{"class":75},[61,18470,258],{"class":93},[61,18472,18473,18475,18477,18479],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18474,90],{"class":89},[61,18476,94],{"class":93},[61,18478,16417],{"class":102},[61,18480,258],{"class":93},[20,18482,18483,18484,18486],{},"It is ",[3784,18485,4670],{}," the best choice when:",[164,18488,18489,18492],{},[167,18490,18491],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[167,18493,18494],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[47,18496,18498,18500],{"id":18497},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18499,17244],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18502,18503,18505],{},[15,18504,17244],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[260,18507,8449,18509],{"id":18508},"using-fromkeys",[15,18510,17244],{},[52,18512,18514],{"className":54,"code":18513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18515,18516,18561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18517,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18535,18537,18539,18541,18544,18546,18548,18550,18553,18555,18557,18559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18519,13852],{"class":67},[61,18521,72],{"class":71},[61,18523,1343],{"class":109},[61,18525,229],{"class":93},[61,18527,17309],{"class":102},[61,18529,3032],{"class":93},[61,18531,1010],{"class":310},[61,18533,18534],{"class":314},"sound",[61,18536,1010],{"class":310},[61,18538,106],{"class":93},[61,18540,311],{"class":310},[61,18542,18543],{"class":314},"music",[61,18545,1010],{"class":310},[61,18547,106],{"class":93},[61,18549,311],{"class":310},[61,18551,18552],{"class":314},"notifications",[61,18554,1010],{"class":310},[61,18556,18089],{"class":93},[61,18558,3956],{"class":355},[61,18560,258],{"class":93},[61,18562,18563,18565,18567,18569],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18564,90],{"class":89},[61,18566,94],{"class":93},[61,18568,13911],{"class":102},[61,18570,258],{"class":93},[260,18572,18574],{"id":18573},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[52,18576,18578],{"className":54,"code":18577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18579,18580,18588,18602,18616,18628,18632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18581,18582,18584,18586],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18583,13852],{"class":67},[61,18585,72],{"class":71},[61,18587,11521],{"class":93},[61,18589,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18591,11526],{"class":310},[61,18593,18534],{"class":314},[61,18595,1010],{"class":310},[61,18597,1314],{"class":93},[61,18599,3956],{"class":355},[61,18601,11541],{"class":93},[61,18603,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,18605,11526],{"class":310},[61,18607,18543],{"class":314},[61,18609,1010],{"class":310},[61,18611,1314],{"class":93},[61,18613,3947],{"class":355},[61,18615,11541],{"class":93},[61,18617,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,18619,11526],{"class":310},[61,18621,18552],{"class":314},[61,18623,1010],{"class":310},[61,18625,1314],{"class":93},[61,18627,6460],{"class":355},[61,18629,18630],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,18631,1324],{"class":93},[61,18633,18634,18636,18638,18640],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,18635,90],{"class":89},[61,18637,94],{"class":93},[61,18639,13911],{"class":102},[61,18641,258],{"class":93},[20,18643,18644],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[260,18646,18648],{"id":18647},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[52,18650,18652],{"className":54,"code":18651,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18653,18654,18686,18710],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18655,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18657,17268],{"class":67},[61,18659,72],{"class":71},[61,18661,1088],{"class":93},[61,18663,1010],{"class":310},[61,18665,221],{"class":314},[61,18667,1010],{"class":310},[61,18669,106],{"class":93},[61,18671,311],{"class":310},[61,18673,1101],{"class":314},[61,18675,1010],{"class":310},[61,18677,106],{"class":93},[61,18679,311],{"class":310},[61,18681,1110],{"class":314},[61,18683,1010],{"class":310},[61,18685,1115],{"class":93},[61,18687,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18689,9199],{"class":67},[61,18691,72],{"class":71},[61,18693,1305],{"class":93},[61,18695,14868],{"class":67},[61,18697,1314],{"class":93},[61,18699,18231],{"class":93},[61,18701,3918],{"class":672},[61,18703,18236],{"class":67},[61,18705,3924],{"class":672},[61,18707,18241],{"class":67},[61,18709,1324],{"class":93},[61,18711,18712,18714,18716,18718],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,18713,90],{"class":89},[61,18715,94],{"class":93},[61,18717,9237],{"class":102},[61,18719,258],{"class":93},[20,18721,18722],{},"Use:",[164,18724,18725,18730,18733],{},[167,18726,18727,18729],{},[15,18728,17244],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[167,18731,18732],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[167,18734,18735],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18737,18738,18739,229],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[221,18740,10766,18741,10770],{"href":14059},[15,18742,14981],{},[47,18744,2878],{"id":2877},[20,18746,14760,18747,229],{},[15,18748,17249],{},[260,18750,18752],{"id":18751},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[52,18754,18756],{"className":54,"code":18755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18757,18758,18791,18814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18759,18760,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18761,18762],{"class":67},"d ",[61,18764,72],{"class":71},[61,18766,1343],{"class":109},[61,18768,229],{"class":93},[61,18770,17309],{"class":102},[61,18772,3032],{"class":93},[61,18774,1010],{"class":310},[61,18776,221],{"class":314},[61,18778,1010],{"class":310},[61,18780,106],{"class":93},[61,18782,311],{"class":310},[61,18784,1101],{"class":314},[61,18786,1010],{"class":310},[61,18788,18089],{"class":93},[61,18790,18023],{"class":93},[61,18792,18793,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18794,18795],{"class":67},"d",[61,18797,1356],{"class":93},[61,18799,1010],{"class":310},[61,18801,221],{"class":314},[61,18803,1010],{"class":310},[61,18805,13577],{"class":93},[61,18807,13580],{"class":102},[61,18809,94],{"class":93},[61,18811,3035],{"class":75},[61,18813,258],{"class":93},[61,18815,18816,18818,18820,18822],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,18817,90],{"class":89},[61,18819,94],{"class":93},[61,18821,18795],{"class":102},[61,18823,258],{"class":93},[20,18825,345],{},[52,18827,18829],{"className":54,"code":18828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18830,18831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18832,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18834,9310],{"class":93},[61,18836,3348],{"class":310},[61,18838,221],{"class":314},[61,18840,3348],{"class":310},[61,18842,1314],{"class":93},[61,18844,1088],{"class":93},[61,18846,3035],{"class":75},[61,18848,18089],{"class":93},[61,18850,3343],{"class":310},[61,18852,1101],{"class":314},[61,18854,3348],{"class":310},[61,18856,1314],{"class":93},[61,18858,1088],{"class":93},[61,18860,3035],{"class":75},[61,18862,13732],{"class":93},[20,18864,18865],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18867,18868],{},"Use this instead:",[52,18870,18872],{"className":54,"code":18871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18873,18874,18898,18922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18875,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18877,17268],{"class":67},[61,18879,72],{"class":71},[61,18881,1088],{"class":93},[61,18883,1010],{"class":310},[61,18885,221],{"class":314},[61,18887,1010],{"class":310},[61,18889,106],{"class":93},[61,18891,311],{"class":310},[61,18893,1101],{"class":314},[61,18895,1010],{"class":310},[61,18897,1115],{"class":93},[61,18899,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18901,18762],{"class":67},[61,18903,72],{"class":71},[61,18905,1305],{"class":93},[61,18907,14868],{"class":67},[61,18909,1314],{"class":93},[61,18911,18231],{"class":93},[61,18913,3918],{"class":672},[61,18915,18236],{"class":67},[61,18917,3924],{"class":672},[61,18919,18241],{"class":67},[61,18921,1324],{"class":93},[61,18923,18924,18926,18928,18930],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,18925,90],{"class":89},[61,18927,94],{"class":93},[61,18929,18795],{"class":102},[61,18931,258],{"class":93},[260,18933,18935,18936,18938],{"id":18934},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18937,17244],{}," on a list",[20,18940,1570],{},[52,18942,18944],{"className":54,"code":18943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18945,18946,18978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18947,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18949,17268],{"class":67},[61,18951,72],{"class":71},[61,18953,1088],{"class":93},[61,18955,1010],{"class":310},[61,18957,221],{"class":314},[61,18959,1010],{"class":310},[61,18961,106],{"class":93},[61,18963,311],{"class":310},[61,18965,1101],{"class":314},[61,18967,1010],{"class":310},[61,18969,106],{"class":93},[61,18971,311],{"class":310},[61,18973,1110],{"class":314},[61,18975,1010],{"class":310},[61,18977,1115],{"class":93},[61,18979,18980],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,18981,18982],{"class":116},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18984,18985,18987,18988,18990,18991,229],{},[15,18986,17244],{}," belongs to ",[15,18989,199],{},", not ",[15,18992,192],{},[20,18994,18995],{},"Correct usage:",[52,18997,18999],{"className":54,"code":18998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19000,19001,19033,19055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19002,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19004,17268],{"class":67},[61,19006,72],{"class":71},[61,19008,1088],{"class":93},[61,19010,1010],{"class":310},[61,19012,221],{"class":314},[61,19014,1010],{"class":310},[61,19016,106],{"class":93},[61,19018,311],{"class":310},[61,19020,1101],{"class":314},[61,19022,1010],{"class":310},[61,19024,106],{"class":93},[61,19026,311],{"class":310},[61,19028,1110],{"class":314},[61,19030,1010],{"class":310},[61,19032,1115],{"class":93},[61,19034,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19036,18762],{"class":67},[61,19038,72],{"class":71},[61,19040,1343],{"class":109},[61,19042,229],{"class":93},[61,19044,17309],{"class":102},[61,19046,94],{"class":93},[61,19048,16950],{"class":102},[61,19050,106],{"class":93},[61,19052,3876],{"class":75},[61,19054,258],{"class":93},[61,19056,19057,19059,19061,19063],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,19058,90],{"class":89},[61,19060,94],{"class":93},[61,19062,18795],{"class":102},[61,19064,258],{"class":93},[260,19066,8485,19068,19070],{"id":19067},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19069,17244],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19072,19073,19075],{},[15,19074,17249],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[52,19077,19079],{"className":54,"code":19078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19080,19081,19101,19135,19139,19149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19082,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19084,12113],{"class":67},[61,19086,72],{"class":71},[61,19088,1305],{"class":93},[61,19090,1010],{"class":310},[61,19092,2228],{"class":314},[61,19094,1010],{"class":310},[61,19096,1314],{"class":93},[61,19098,5535],{"class":75},[61,19100,1324],{"class":93},[61,19102,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19104,13064],{"class":67},[61,19106,72],{"class":71},[61,19108,1343],{"class":109},[61,19110,229],{"class":93},[61,19112,17309],{"class":102},[61,19114,3032],{"class":93},[61,19116,1010],{"class":310},[61,19118,221],{"class":314},[61,19120,1010],{"class":310},[61,19122,106],{"class":93},[61,19124,311],{"class":310},[61,19126,1101],{"class":314},[61,19128,1010],{"class":310},[61,19130,18089],{"class":93},[61,19132,3876],{"class":75},[61,19134,258],{"class":93},[61,19136,19137],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,19138,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,19140,19141,19143,19145,19147],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,19142,90],{"class":89},[61,19144,94],{"class":93},[61,19146,12160],{"class":102},[61,19148,258],{"class":93},[61,19150,19151,19153,19155,19158],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,19152,90],{"class":89},[61,19154,94],{"class":93},[61,19156,19157],{"class":102},"new_dict",[61,19159,258],{"class":93},[20,19161,345],{},[52,19163,19165],{"className":54,"code":19164,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19166,19167,19183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19168,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19170,9310],{"class":93},[61,19172,3348],{"class":310},[61,19174,2228],{"class":314},[61,19176,3348],{"class":310},[61,19178,1314],{"class":93},[61,19180,5535],{"class":75},[61,19182,1324],{"class":93},[61,19184,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19186,9310],{"class":93},[61,19188,3348],{"class":310},[61,19190,221],{"class":314},[61,19192,3348],{"class":310},[61,19194,1314],{"class":93},[61,19196,3876],{"class":75},[61,19198,106],{"class":93},[61,19200,3343],{"class":310},[61,19202,1101],{"class":314},[61,19204,3348],{"class":310},[61,19206,1314],{"class":93},[61,19208,3876],{"class":75},[61,19210,1324],{"class":93},[20,19212,19213,19214,229],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[221,19215,10766,19216,10770],{"href":14059},[15,19217,14981],{},[260,19219,19221,19222],{"id":19220},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19223,3820],{},[52,19225,19227],{"className":54,"code":19226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19228,19229,19259],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19230,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19232,18762],{"class":67},[61,19234,72],{"class":71},[61,19236,1343],{"class":109},[61,19238,229],{"class":93},[61,19240,17309],{"class":102},[61,19242,3032],{"class":93},[61,19244,1010],{"class":310},[61,19246,2228],{"class":314},[61,19248,1010],{"class":310},[61,19250,106],{"class":93},[61,19252,311],{"class":310},[61,19254,11772],{"class":314},[61,19256,1010],{"class":310},[61,19258,1365],{"class":93},[61,19260,19261,19263,19265,19267],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19262,90],{"class":89},[61,19264,94],{"class":93},[61,19266,18795],{"class":102},[61,19268,258],{"class":93},[20,19270,345],{},[52,19272,19274],{"className":54,"code":19273,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19275,19276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19277,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19279,9310],{"class":93},[61,19281,3348],{"class":310},[61,19283,2228],{"class":314},[61,19285,3348],{"class":310},[61,19287,1314],{"class":93},[61,19289,3894],{"class":355},[61,19291,106],{"class":93},[61,19293,3343],{"class":310},[61,19295,11772],{"class":314},[61,19297,3348],{"class":310},[61,19299,1314],{"class":93},[61,19301,3894],{"class":355},[61,19303,1324],{"class":93},[20,19305,19306,19307,229],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19308,3820],{},[47,19310,19312],{"id":19311},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19314,19315,19316,19318],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19317,17244],{}," works.",[52,19320,19322],{"className":54,"code":19321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19323,19324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19325,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19327,90],{"class":89},[61,19329,94],{"class":93},[61,19331,199],{"class":109},[61,19333,229],{"class":93},[61,19335,17309],{"class":102},[61,19337,3032],{"class":93},[61,19339,1010],{"class":310},[61,19341,221],{"class":314},[61,19343,1010],{"class":310},[61,19345,106],{"class":93},[61,19347,311],{"class":310},[61,19349,1101],{"class":314},[61,19351,1010],{"class":310},[61,19353,18089],{"class":93},[61,19355,3876],{"class":75},[61,19357,342],{"class":93},[52,19359,19360],{"className":54,"code":19226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,19361,19362,19392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19363,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19365,18762],{"class":67},[61,19367,72],{"class":71},[61,19369,1343],{"class":109},[61,19371,229],{"class":93},[61,19373,17309],{"class":102},[61,19375,3032],{"class":93},[61,19377,1010],{"class":310},[61,19379,2228],{"class":314},[61,19381,1010],{"class":310},[61,19383,106],{"class":93},[61,19385,311],{"class":310},[61,19387,11772],{"class":314},[61,19389,1010],{"class":310},[61,19391,1365],{"class":93},[61,19393,19394,19396,19398,19400],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19395,90],{"class":89},[61,19397,94],{"class":93},[61,19399,18795],{"class":102},[61,19401,258],{"class":93},[52,19403,19404],{"className":54,"code":18755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,19405,19406,19438,19460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19407,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19409,18762],{"class":67},[61,19411,72],{"class":71},[61,19413,1343],{"class":109},[61,19415,229],{"class":93},[61,19417,17309],{"class":102},[61,19419,3032],{"class":93},[61,19421,1010],{"class":310},[61,19423,221],{"class":314},[61,19425,1010],{"class":310},[61,19427,106],{"class":93},[61,19429,311],{"class":310},[61,19431,1101],{"class":314},[61,19433,1010],{"class":310},[61,19435,18089],{"class":93},[61,19437,18023],{"class":93},[61,19439,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19441,18795],{"class":67},[61,19443,1356],{"class":93},[61,19445,1010],{"class":310},[61,19447,221],{"class":314},[61,19449,1010],{"class":310},[61,19451,13577],{"class":93},[61,19453,13580],{"class":102},[61,19455,94],{"class":93},[61,19457,3035],{"class":75},[61,19459,258],{"class":93},[61,19461,19462,19464,19466,19468],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,19463,90],{"class":89},[61,19465,94],{"class":93},[61,19467,18795],{"class":102},[61,19469,258],{"class":93},[52,19471,19473],{"className":54,"code":19472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19474,19475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19476,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19478,90],{"class":89},[61,19480,94],{"class":93},[61,19482,657],{"class":109},[61,19484,94],{"class":93},[61,19486,199],{"class":109},[61,19488,229],{"class":93},[61,19490,17309],{"class":102},[61,19492,3032],{"class":93},[61,19494,3035],{"class":75},[61,19496,106],{"class":93},[61,19498,3040],{"class":75},[61,19500,106],{"class":93},[61,19502,1020],{"class":75},[61,19504,18089],{"class":93},[61,19506,311],{"class":310},[61,19508,103],{"class":314},[61,19510,1010],{"class":310},[61,19512,582],{"class":93},[47,19514,1879],{"id":1878},[260,19516,1928,19518,19520],{"id":19517},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19519,17244],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19522,19523],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[260,19525,19527],{"id":19526},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19529,19530,19531,229],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19532,3820],{},[260,19534,19536],{"id":19535},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19538,19539],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[260,19541,19543],{"id":19542},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19545,18179],{},[52,19547,19549],{"className":54,"code":19548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19550,19551,19583],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19552,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19554,17268],{"class":67},[61,19556,72],{"class":71},[61,19558,1088],{"class":93},[61,19560,1010],{"class":310},[61,19562,221],{"class":314},[61,19564,1010],{"class":310},[61,19566,106],{"class":93},[61,19568,311],{"class":310},[61,19570,1101],{"class":314},[61,19572,1010],{"class":310},[61,19574,106],{"class":93},[61,19576,311],{"class":310},[61,19578,1110],{"class":314},[61,19580,1010],{"class":310},[61,19582,1115],{"class":93},[61,19584,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19586,9199],{"class":67},[61,19588,72],{"class":71},[61,19590,1305],{"class":93},[61,19592,14868],{"class":67},[61,19594,1314],{"class":93},[61,19596,18231],{"class":93},[61,19598,3918],{"class":672},[61,19600,18236],{"class":67},[61,19602,3924],{"class":672},[61,19604,18241],{"class":67},[61,19606,1324],{"class":93},[47,19608,1938],{"id":1937},[164,19610,19611,19615,19619,19623,19629],{},[167,19612,19613],{},[221,19614,11272],{"href":13052},[167,19616,19617],{},[221,19618,9189],{"href":13049},[167,19620,19621],{},[221,19622,11281],{"href":17930},[167,19624,19625],{},[221,19626,10766,19627,10770],{"href":14059},[15,19628,14981],{},[167,19630,19631],{},[221,19632,10766,19633,10770],{"href":15026},[15,19634,12803],{},[20,19636,143,19637,19639],{},[15,19638,17249],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1969,19641,19642],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":19644},[19645,19646,19648,19652,19653,19655,19660,19662,19669,19678,19679,19686],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":17349,"depth":79,"text":19647},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17393,"depth":79,"text":17394,"children":19649},[19650,19651],{"id":17420,"depth":86,"text":17421},{"id":17444,"depth":86,"text":17445},{"id":5824,"depth":79,"text":5825},{"id":17605,"depth":79,"text":19654},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17934,"depth":79,"text":17935,"children":19656},[19657,19658,19659],{"id":17964,"depth":86,"text":17965},{"id":18127,"depth":86,"text":18128},{"id":18175,"depth":86,"text":18176},{"id":18339,"depth":79,"text":19661},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18497,"depth":79,"text":19663,"children":19664},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19665,19667,19668],{"id":18508,"depth":86,"text":19666},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18573,"depth":86,"text":18574},{"id":18647,"depth":86,"text":18648},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":19670},[19671,19672,19674,19676],{"id":18751,"depth":86,"text":18752},{"id":18934,"depth":86,"text":19673},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19067,"depth":86,"text":19675},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19220,"depth":86,"text":19677},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19311,"depth":79,"text":19312},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":19680},[19681,19683,19684,19685],{"id":19517,"depth":86,"text":19682},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19526,"depth":86,"text":19527},{"id":19535,"depth":86,"text":19536},{"id":19542,"depth":86,"text":19543},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17236,"description":19687},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19694,"title":19695,"body":19696,"description":21526,"extension":2017,"meta":21527,"navigation":82,"path":21528,"seo":21529,"stem":21530,"__hash__":21531},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19697,"toc":21493},[19698,19703,19709,19720,19850,19857,19862,19866,19882,19884,19982,19985,20002,20006,20008,20013,20051,20054,20072,20074,20192,20197,20201,20217,20220,20356,20359,20364,20370,20373,20410,20413,20417,20422,20498,20502,20507,20589,20591,20607,20612,20616,20622,20691,20694,20711,20714,20796,20802,20805,20825,20829,20834,20840,20846,20917,20920,20926,20929,21003,21010,21016,21024,21034,21036,21131,21137,21142,21229,21235,21237,21242,21264,21267,21362,21365,21396,21409,21411,21419,21425,21431,21434,21440,21445,21452,21457,21459,21490],[10,19699,11348,19701,11352],{"id":19700},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19702,10769],{},[20,19704,19705,19706,19708],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19707,10769],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19710,19711,19712,186,19715,2446,19717,19719],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19713,19714],{},"KeyError",[15,19716,10769],{},[15,19718,3820],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[52,19721,19723],{"className":54,"code":19722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19724,19725,19761,19765,19791,19816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19726,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19728,13231],{"class":67},[61,19730,72],{"class":71},[61,19732,1305],{"class":93},[61,19734,1010],{"class":310},[61,19736,335],{"class":314},[61,19738,1010],{"class":310},[61,19740,1314],{"class":93},[61,19742,311],{"class":310},[61,19744,1319],{"class":314},[61,19746,1010],{"class":310},[61,19748,106],{"class":93},[61,19750,311],{"class":310},[61,19752,9331],{"class":314},[61,19754,1010],{"class":310},[61,19756,1314],{"class":93},[61,19758,9338],{"class":75},[61,19760,1324],{"class":93},[61,19762,19763],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19764,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,19766,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,19768,90],{"class":89},[61,19770,94],{"class":93},[61,19772,17333],{"class":102},[61,19774,229],{"class":93},[61,19776,19777],{"class":102},"get",[61,19779,94],{"class":93},[61,19781,1010],{"class":310},[61,19783,335],{"class":314},[61,19785,1010],{"class":310},[61,19787,113],{"class":93},[61,19789,19790],{"class":116},"           # Ana\n",[61,19792,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,19794,90],{"class":89},[61,19796,94],{"class":93},[61,19798,17333],{"class":102},[61,19800,229],{"class":93},[61,19802,19777],{"class":102},[61,19804,94],{"class":93},[61,19806,1010],{"class":310},[61,19808,10440],{"class":314},[61,19810,1010],{"class":310},[61,19812,113],{"class":93},[61,19814,19815],{"class":116},"           # None\n",[61,19817,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19843,19845,19847],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,19819,90],{"class":89},[61,19821,94],{"class":93},[61,19823,17333],{"class":102},[61,19825,229],{"class":93},[61,19827,19777],{"class":102},[61,19829,94],{"class":93},[61,19831,1010],{"class":310},[61,19833,10440],{"class":314},[61,19835,1010],{"class":310},[61,19837,106],{"class":93},[61,19839,311],{"class":310},[61,19841,19842],{"class":314},"N\u002FA",[61,19844,1010],{"class":310},[61,19846,113],{"class":93},[61,19848,19849],{"class":116},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19851,143,19852,19854,19855,229],{},[15,19853,10769],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19856,19714],{},[47,19858,151,19860,154],{"id":19859},"what-get-does",[15,19861,10769],{},[20,19863,2034,19864,11443],{},[15,19865,10769],{},[164,19867,19868,19871,19876,19879],{},[167,19869,19870],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[167,19872,172,19873,19875],{},[15,19874,3820],{}," if the key does not exist",[167,19877,19878],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[167,19880,19881],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19883,295],{},[52,19885,19887],{"className":54,"code":19886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19888,19889,19928,19932,19957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19890,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19910,19912,19914,19916,19919,19921,19923,19926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19892,12890],{"class":67},[61,19894,72],{"class":71},[61,19896,1305],{"class":93},[61,19898,1010],{"class":310},[61,19900,335],{"class":314},[61,19902,1010],{"class":310},[61,19904,1314],{"class":93},[61,19906,311],{"class":310},[61,19908,19909],{"class":314},"Lina",[61,19911,1010],{"class":310},[61,19913,106],{"class":93},[61,19915,311],{"class":310},[61,19917,19918],{"class":314},"grade",[61,19920,1010],{"class":310},[61,19922,1314],{"class":93},[61,19924,19925],{"class":75}," 90",[61,19927,1324],{"class":93},[61,19929,19930],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,19931,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,19933,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,19935,90],{"class":89},[61,19937,94],{"class":93},[61,19939,13652],{"class":102},[61,19941,229],{"class":93},[61,19943,19777],{"class":102},[61,19945,94],{"class":93},[61,19947,1010],{"class":310},[61,19949,335],{"class":314},[61,19951,1010],{"class":310},[61,19953,113],{"class":93},[61,19955,19956],{"class":116},"     # Lina\n",[61,19958,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,19960,90],{"class":89},[61,19962,94],{"class":93},[61,19964,13652],{"class":102},[61,19966,229],{"class":93},[61,19968,19777],{"class":102},[61,19970,94],{"class":93},[61,19972,1010],{"class":310},[61,19974,15286],{"class":314},[61,19976,1010],{"class":310},[61,19978,113],{"class":93},[61,19980,19981],{"class":116},"    # None\n",[20,19983,19984],{},"In this example:",[164,19986,19987,19992],{},[167,19988,19989,19991],{},[15,19990,15267],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[167,19993,19994,19997,19998,2446,20000],{},[15,19995,19996],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19999,10769],{},[15,20001,3820],{},[20,20003,13046,20004,229],{},[221,20005,9189],{"href":9188},[47,20007,233],{"id":232},[20,20009,20010,20011,1314],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20012,10769],{},[52,20014,20016],{"className":54,"code":20015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20017,20018,20032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20019,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20021,15632],{"class":67},[61,20023,229],{"class":93},[61,20025,19777],{"class":102},[61,20027,94],{"class":93},[61,20029,14868],{"class":102},[61,20031,258],{"class":93},[61,20033,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20049],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20035,15632],{"class":67},[61,20037,229],{"class":93},[61,20039,19777],{"class":102},[61,20041,94],{"class":93},[61,20043,14868],{"class":102},[61,20045,106],{"class":93},[61,20047,20048],{"class":102}," default_value",[61,20050,258],{"class":93},[20,20052,20053],{},"What each part means:",[164,20055,20056,20061,20067],{},[167,20057,20058,20060],{},[15,20059,14868],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[167,20062,20063,20066],{},[15,20064,20065],{},"default_value"," is optional",[167,20068,20069,20070],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20071,3820],{},[20,20073,295],{},[52,20075,20077],{"className":54,"code":20076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20078,20079,20103,20107,20132,20158],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20080,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20082,13852],{"class":67},[61,20084,72],{"class":71},[61,20086,1305],{"class":93},[61,20088,1010],{"class":310},[61,20090,12521],{"class":314},[61,20092,1010],{"class":310},[61,20094,1314],{"class":93},[61,20096,311],{"class":310},[61,20098,12530],{"class":314},[61,20100,1010],{"class":310},[61,20102,1324],{"class":93},[61,20104,20105],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20106,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,20108,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,20110,90],{"class":89},[61,20112,94],{"class":93},[61,20114,13911],{"class":102},[61,20116,229],{"class":93},[61,20118,19777],{"class":102},[61,20120,94],{"class":93},[61,20122,1010],{"class":310},[61,20124,12521],{"class":314},[61,20126,1010],{"class":310},[61,20128,113],{"class":93},[61,20130,20131],{"class":116},"            # dark\n",[61,20133,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20151,20153,20155],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,20135,90],{"class":89},[61,20137,94],{"class":93},[61,20139,13911],{"class":102},[61,20141,229],{"class":93},[61,20143,19777],{"class":102},[61,20145,94],{"class":93},[61,20147,1010],{"class":310},[61,20149,20150],{"class":314},"language",[61,20152,1010],{"class":310},[61,20154,113],{"class":93},[61,20156,20157],{"class":116},"         # None\n",[61,20159,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20185,20187,20189],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,20161,90],{"class":89},[61,20163,94],{"class":93},[61,20165,13911],{"class":102},[61,20167,229],{"class":93},[61,20169,19777],{"class":102},[61,20171,94],{"class":93},[61,20173,1010],{"class":310},[61,20175,20150],{"class":314},[61,20177,1010],{"class":310},[61,20179,106],{"class":93},[61,20181,311],{"class":310},[61,20183,20184],{"class":314},"en",[61,20186,1010],{"class":310},[61,20188,113],{"class":93},[61,20190,20191],{"class":116},"   # en\n",[47,20193,5001,20195],{"id":20194},"when-to-use-get",[15,20196,10769],{},[20,20198,143,20199,10630],{},[15,20200,10769],{},[164,20202,20203,20206,20211,20214],{},[167,20204,20205],{},"A key might not exist",[167,20207,20208,20209],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20210,19714],{},[167,20212,20213],{},"You are reading optional data",[167,20215,20216],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20218,20219],{},"Example with optional user data:",[52,20221,20223],{"className":54,"code":20222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20224,20225,20267,20271,20296,20322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20226,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20263,20265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20228,11516],{"class":67},[61,20230,72],{"class":71},[61,20232,1305],{"class":93},[61,20234,1010],{"class":310},[61,20236,8020],{"class":314},[61,20238,1010],{"class":310},[61,20240,1314],{"class":93},[61,20242,311],{"class":310},[61,20244,20245],{"class":314},"sam",[61,20247,1010],{"class":310},[61,20249,106],{"class":93},[61,20251,311],{"class":310},[61,20253,15286],{"class":314},[61,20255,1010],{"class":310},[61,20257,1314],{"class":93},[61,20259,311],{"class":310},[61,20261,20262],{"class":314},"sam@example.com",[61,20264,1010],{"class":310},[61,20266,1324],{"class":93},[61,20268,20269],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20270,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,20272,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,20274,90],{"class":89},[61,20276,94],{"class":93},[61,20278,11609],{"class":102},[61,20280,229],{"class":93},[61,20282,19777],{"class":102},[61,20284,94],{"class":93},[61,20286,1010],{"class":310},[61,20288,8020],{"class":314},[61,20290,1010],{"class":310},[61,20292,113],{"class":93},[61,20294,20295],{"class":116},"              # sam\n",[61,20297,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20315,20317,20319],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,20299,90],{"class":89},[61,20301,94],{"class":93},[61,20303,11609],{"class":102},[61,20305,229],{"class":93},[61,20307,19777],{"class":102},[61,20309,94],{"class":93},[61,20311,1010],{"class":310},[61,20313,20314],{"class":314},"phone",[61,20316,1010],{"class":310},[61,20318,113],{"class":93},[61,20320,20321],{"class":116},"                 # None\n",[61,20323,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20349,20351,20353],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,20325,90],{"class":89},[61,20327,94],{"class":93},[61,20329,11609],{"class":102},[61,20331,229],{"class":93},[61,20333,19777],{"class":102},[61,20335,94],{"class":93},[61,20337,1010],{"class":310},[61,20339,20314],{"class":314},[61,20341,1010],{"class":310},[61,20343,106],{"class":93},[61,20345,311],{"class":310},[61,20347,20348],{"class":314},"Not provided",[61,20350,1010],{"class":310},[61,20352,113],{"class":93},[61,20354,20355],{"class":116}," # Not provided\n",[20,20357,20358],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20360,20361,20362,229],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[221,20363,16626],{"href":16625},[47,20365,20367,20369],{"id":20366},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20368,10769],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20371,20372],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[52,20374,20376],{"className":54,"code":20375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20377,20378,20392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20379,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20381,9237],{"class":67},[61,20383,1356],{"class":93},[61,20385,1010],{"class":310},[61,20387,14868],{"class":314},[61,20389,1010],{"class":310},[61,20391,1115],{"class":93},[61,20393,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20395,9237],{"class":67},[61,20397,229],{"class":93},[61,20399,19777],{"class":102},[61,20401,94],{"class":93},[61,20403,1010],{"class":310},[61,20405,14868],{"class":314},[61,20407,1010],{"class":310},[61,20409,258],{"class":93},[20,20411,20412],{},"The difference is important.",[260,20414,20416],{"id":20415},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20418,20419,20420,229],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20421,19714],{},[52,20423,20425],{"className":54,"code":20424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20426,20427,20451,20455,20477],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20428,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20430,9199],{"class":67},[61,20432,72],{"class":71},[61,20434,1305],{"class":93},[61,20436,1010],{"class":310},[61,20438,335],{"class":314},[61,20440,1010],{"class":310},[61,20442,1314],{"class":93},[61,20444,311],{"class":310},[61,20446,1319],{"class":314},[61,20448,1010],{"class":310},[61,20450,1324],{"class":93},[61,20452,20453],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20454,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,20456,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20474],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,20458,90],{"class":89},[61,20460,94],{"class":93},[61,20462,9237],{"class":102},[61,20464,1356],{"class":93},[61,20466,1010],{"class":310},[61,20468,335],{"class":314},[61,20470,1010],{"class":310},[61,20472,20473],{"class":93},"])",[61,20475,20476],{"class":116},"   # Ana\n",[61,20478,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,20480,90],{"class":89},[61,20482,94],{"class":93},[61,20484,9237],{"class":102},[61,20486,1356],{"class":93},[61,20488,1010],{"class":310},[61,20490,10440],{"class":314},[61,20492,1010],{"class":310},[61,20494,20473],{"class":93},[61,20496,20497],{"class":116},"   # KeyError\n",[260,20499,20500],{"id":19777},[15,20501,10769],{},[20,20503,20504,20506],{},[15,20505,10769],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[52,20508,20510],{"className":54,"code":20509,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20511,20512,20536,20540,20564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20513,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20515,9199],{"class":67},[61,20517,72],{"class":71},[61,20519,1305],{"class":93},[61,20521,1010],{"class":310},[61,20523,335],{"class":314},[61,20525,1010],{"class":310},[61,20527,1314],{"class":93},[61,20529,311],{"class":310},[61,20531,1319],{"class":314},[61,20533,1010],{"class":310},[61,20535,1324],{"class":93},[61,20537,20538],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20539,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,20541,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,20543,90],{"class":89},[61,20545,94],{"class":93},[61,20547,9237],{"class":102},[61,20549,229],{"class":93},[61,20551,19777],{"class":102},[61,20553,94],{"class":93},[61,20555,1010],{"class":310},[61,20557,335],{"class":314},[61,20559,1010],{"class":310},[61,20561,113],{"class":93},[61,20563,20476],{"class":116},[61,20565,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,20567,90],{"class":89},[61,20569,94],{"class":93},[61,20571,9237],{"class":102},[61,20573,229],{"class":93},[61,20575,19777],{"class":102},[61,20577,94],{"class":93},[61,20579,1010],{"class":310},[61,20581,10440],{"class":314},[61,20583,1010],{"class":310},[61,20585,113],{"class":93},[61,20587,20588],{"class":116},"   # None\n",[20,20590,18722],{},[164,20592,20593,20599],{},[167,20594,20595,20596],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3784,20597,20598],{},"must exist",[167,20600,20601,20603,20604],{},[15,20602,10769],{}," when the key is ",[3784,20605,20606],{},"optional",[20,20608,20609,20610,229],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[221,20611,11292],{"href":11104},[47,20613,20615],{"id":20614},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20617,20618,20619,20621],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20620,10769],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[52,20623,20625],{"className":54,"code":20624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20626,20627,20652,20656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20628,20629,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20630,20631],{"class":67},"profile ",[61,20633,72],{"class":71},[61,20635,1305],{"class":93},[61,20637,1010],{"class":310},[61,20639,335],{"class":314},[61,20641,1010],{"class":310},[61,20643,1314],{"class":93},[61,20645,311],{"class":310},[61,20647,7956],{"class":314},[61,20649,1010],{"class":310},[61,20651,1324],{"class":93},[61,20653,20654],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20655,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,20657,20658,20660,20662,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681,20684,20686,20688],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,20659,90],{"class":89},[61,20661,94],{"class":93},[61,20663,20664],{"class":102},"profile",[61,20666,229],{"class":93},[61,20668,19777],{"class":102},[61,20670,94],{"class":93},[61,20672,1010],{"class":310},[61,20674,15289],{"class":314},[61,20676,1010],{"class":310},[61,20678,106],{"class":93},[61,20680,311],{"class":310},[61,20682,20683],{"class":314},"Unknown",[61,20685,1010],{"class":310},[61,20687,113],{"class":93},[61,20689,20690],{"class":116},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20692,20693],{},"This is useful for display text:",[164,20695,20696,20701,20706],{},[167,20697,20698],{},[15,20699,20700],{},"\"Unknown\"",[167,20702,20703],{},[15,20704,20705],{},"\"Not set\"",[167,20707,20708],{},[15,20709,20710],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20712,20713],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[52,20715,20717],{"className":54,"code":20716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20718,20719,20751,20755,20782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20720,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20722,5104],{"class":67},[61,20724,72],{"class":71},[61,20726,1305],{"class":93},[61,20728,1010],{"class":310},[61,20730,18444],{"class":314},[61,20732,1010],{"class":310},[61,20734,1314],{"class":93},[61,20736,6043],{"class":75},[61,20738,106],{"class":93},[61,20740,311],{"class":310},[61,20742,18453],{"class":314},[61,20744,1010],{"class":310},[61,20746,1314],{"class":93},[61,20748,6399],{"class":75},[61,20750,1324],{"class":93},[61,20752,20753],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20754,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,20756,20757,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,20758,20759],{"class":67},"total_history ",[61,20761,72],{"class":71},[61,20763,5151],{"class":67},[61,20765,229],{"class":93},[61,20767,19777],{"class":102},[61,20769,94],{"class":93},[61,20771,1010],{"class":310},[61,20773,18462],{"class":314},[61,20775,1010],{"class":310},[61,20777,106],{"class":93},[61,20779,3876],{"class":75},[61,20781,258],{"class":93},[61,20783,20784,20786,20788,20791,20793],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,20785,90],{"class":89},[61,20787,94],{"class":93},[61,20789,20790],{"class":102},"total_history",[61,20792,664],{"class":93},[61,20794,20795],{"class":116},"   # 0\n",[20,20797,20798,20799,20801],{},"Here, ",[15,20800,2175],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20803,20804],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[164,20806,20807,20810,20815,20820],{},[167,20808,20809],{},"Use a string for text",[167,20811,143,20812,20814],{},[15,20813,2175],{}," for numbers",[167,20816,143,20817,20819],{},[15,20818,3829],{}," for lists if needed",[167,20821,143,20822,20824],{},[15,20823,3834],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[47,20826,20828],{"id":20827},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20830,20831,20832,229],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20833,10769],{},[260,20835,20837,20839],{"id":20836},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20838,10769],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20841,20842,20843,20845],{},"This code does ",[3784,20844,4670],{}," create a new key:",[52,20847,20849],{"className":54,"code":20848,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20850,20851,20875,20879,20904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20852,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20854,13231],{"class":67},[61,20856,72],{"class":71},[61,20858,1305],{"class":93},[61,20860,1010],{"class":310},[61,20862,335],{"class":314},[61,20864,1010],{"class":310},[61,20866,1314],{"class":93},[61,20868,311],{"class":310},[61,20870,1319],{"class":314},[61,20872,1010],{"class":310},[61,20874,1324],{"class":93},[61,20876,20877],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20878,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,20880,20881,20883,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,20882,90],{"class":89},[61,20884,94],{"class":93},[61,20886,17333],{"class":102},[61,20888,229],{"class":93},[61,20890,19777],{"class":102},[61,20892,94],{"class":93},[61,20894,1010],{"class":310},[61,20896,10440],{"class":314},[61,20898,1010],{"class":310},[61,20900,113],{"class":93},[61,20902,20903],{"class":116},"  # None\n",[61,20905,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,20907,90],{"class":89},[61,20909,94],{"class":93},[61,20911,17333],{"class":102},[61,20913,664],{"class":93},[61,20915,20916],{"class":116},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20918,20919],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[260,20921,20923,20925],{"id":20922},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20924,10769],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20927,20928],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[52,20930,20932],{"className":54,"code":20931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20933,20934,20960,20964,20990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20935,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20947,20949,20951,20953,20956,20958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20937,13852],{"class":67},[61,20939,72],{"class":71},[61,20941,1305],{"class":93},[61,20943,1010],{"class":310},[61,20945,20946],{"class":314},"mode",[61,20948,1010],{"class":310},[61,20950,1314],{"class":93},[61,20952,311],{"class":310},[61,20954,20955],{"class":314},"light",[61,20957,1010],{"class":310},[61,20959,1324],{"class":93},[61,20961,20962],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,20963,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,20965,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,20967,13911],{"class":67},[61,20969,229],{"class":93},[61,20971,19777],{"class":102},[61,20973,94],{"class":93},[61,20975,1010],{"class":310},[61,20977,12521],{"class":314},[61,20979,1010],{"class":310},[61,20981,106],{"class":93},[61,20983,311],{"class":310},[61,20985,12530],{"class":314},[61,20987,1010],{"class":310},[61,20989,258],{"class":93},[61,20991,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,20993,90],{"class":89},[61,20995,94],{"class":93},[61,20997,13911],{"class":102},[61,20999,664],{"class":93},[61,21001,21002],{"class":116},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21004,21005,21006,21009],{},"Even though ",[15,21007,21008],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[260,21011,21013,21014],{"id":21012},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21015,3820],{},[20,21017,21018,21019,2446,21021,21023],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21020,10769],{},[15,21022,3820],{}," because:",[164,21025,21026,21029],{},[167,21027,21028],{},"The key is missing, or",[167,21030,21031,21032],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21033,3820],{},[20,21035,295],{},[52,21037,21039],{"className":54,"code":21038,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21040,21041,21078,21082,21106],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21042,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067,21070,21072,21074,21076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21044,9199],{"class":67},[61,21046,72],{"class":71},[61,21048,1305],{"class":93},[61,21050,1010],{"class":310},[61,21052,335],{"class":314},[61,21054,1010],{"class":310},[61,21056,1314],{"class":93},[61,21058,311],{"class":310},[61,21060,1319],{"class":314},[61,21062,1010],{"class":310},[61,21064,106],{"class":93},[61,21066,311],{"class":310},[61,21068,21069],{"class":314},"nickname",[61,21071,1010],{"class":310},[61,21073,1314],{"class":93},[61,21075,3894],{"class":355},[61,21077,1324],{"class":93},[61,21079,21080],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,21081,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,21083,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,21085,90],{"class":89},[61,21087,94],{"class":93},[61,21089,9237],{"class":102},[61,21091,229],{"class":93},[61,21093,19777],{"class":102},[61,21095,94],{"class":93},[61,21097,1010],{"class":310},[61,21099,21069],{"class":314},[61,21101,1010],{"class":310},[61,21103,113],{"class":93},[61,21105,20903],{"class":116},[61,21107,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,21109,90],{"class":89},[61,21111,94],{"class":93},[61,21113,9237],{"class":102},[61,21115,229],{"class":93},[61,21117,19777],{"class":102},[61,21119,94],{"class":93},[61,21121,1010],{"class":310},[61,21123,10440],{"class":314},[61,21125,1010],{"class":310},[61,21127,113],{"class":93},[61,21129,21130],{"class":116},"      # None\n",[20,21132,21133,21134,21136],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21135,3820],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21138,21139,21140,1314],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21141,3924],{},[52,21143,21145],{"className":54,"code":21144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21146,21147,21183,21187,21208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21148,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21150,9199],{"class":67},[61,21152,72],{"class":71},[61,21154,1305],{"class":93},[61,21156,1010],{"class":310},[61,21158,335],{"class":314},[61,21160,1010],{"class":310},[61,21162,1314],{"class":93},[61,21164,311],{"class":310},[61,21166,1319],{"class":314},[61,21168,1010],{"class":310},[61,21170,106],{"class":93},[61,21172,311],{"class":310},[61,21174,21069],{"class":314},[61,21176,1010],{"class":310},[61,21178,1314],{"class":93},[61,21180,3894],{"class":355},[61,21182,1324],{"class":93},[61,21184,21185],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,21186,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,21188,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21202,21204,21206],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,21190,90],{"class":89},[61,21192,94],{"class":93},[61,21194,1010],{"class":310},[61,21196,21069],{"class":314},[61,21198,1010],{"class":310},[61,21200,21201],{"class":672}," in",[61,21203,14593],{"class":102},[61,21205,664],{"class":93},[61,21207,3706],{"class":116},[61,21209,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,21211,90],{"class":89},[61,21213,94],{"class":93},[61,21215,1010],{"class":310},[61,21217,10440],{"class":314},[61,21219,1010],{"class":310},[61,21221,21201],{"class":672},[61,21223,14593],{"class":102},[61,21225,664],{"class":93},[61,21227,21228],{"class":116},"      # False\n",[20,21230,21231,21232,229],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[221,21233,21234],{"href":17179},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[47,21236,2878],{"id":2877},[20,21238,21239,21240,1314],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21241,10769],{},[164,21243,21244,21249,21256,21261],{},[167,21245,21246,21247],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21248,19714],{},[167,21250,4744,21251,2446,21253,21255],{},[15,21252,10769],{},[15,21254,3820],{}," if no default is provided",[167,21257,4618,21258,21260],{},[15,21259,10769],{}," creates a key automatically",[167,21262,21263],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21265,21266],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[52,21268,21270],{"className":54,"code":21269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21271,21272,21282,21296,21314,21336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21273,21274,21276,21278,21280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21275,90],{"class":89},[61,21277,94],{"class":93},[61,21279,11479],{"class":102},[61,21281,258],{"class":93},[61,21283,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,21285,90],{"class":89},[61,21287,94],{"class":93},[61,21289,11479],{"class":102},[61,21291,229],{"class":93},[61,21293,16950],{"class":102},[61,21295,7228],{"class":93},[61,21297,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,21299,90],{"class":89},[61,21301,94],{"class":93},[61,21303,3348],{"class":310},[61,21305,335],{"class":314},[61,21307,3348],{"class":310},[61,21309,21201],{"class":672},[61,21311,11793],{"class":102},[61,21313,258],{"class":93},[61,21315,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,21317,90],{"class":89},[61,21319,94],{"class":93},[61,21321,11479],{"class":102},[61,21323,229],{"class":93},[61,21325,19777],{"class":102},[61,21327,94],{"class":93},[61,21329,3348],{"class":310},[61,21331,335],{"class":314},[61,21333,3348],{"class":310},[61,21335,342],{"class":93},[61,21337,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,21339,90],{"class":89},[61,21341,94],{"class":93},[61,21343,657],{"class":109},[61,21345,94],{"class":93},[61,21347,11479],{"class":102},[61,21349,229],{"class":93},[61,21351,19777],{"class":102},[61,21353,94],{"class":93},[61,21355,3348],{"class":310},[61,21357,335],{"class":314},[61,21359,3348],{"class":310},[61,21361,582],{"class":93},[20,21363,21364],{},"What these checks tell you:",[164,21366,21367,21372,21378,21384,21390],{},[167,21368,21369,21371],{},[15,21370,12706],{}," shows the full dictionary",[167,21373,21374,21377],{},[15,21375,21376],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[167,21379,21380,21383],{},[15,21381,21382],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[167,21385,21386,21389],{},[15,21387,21388],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[167,21391,21392,21395],{},[15,21393,21394],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21397,21398,21399,749,21404,21408],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[221,21400,21401,21402,10770],{"href":17089},"the dictionary ",[15,21403,17092],{},[221,21405,21401,21406,10770],{"href":17101},[15,21407,17104],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[47,21410,1879],{"id":1878},[260,21412,1928,21414,21416,21417,1916],{"id":21413},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21415,10769],{}," raise ",[15,21418,19714],{},[20,21420,21421,21422,21424],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21423,3820],{}," or the default value you provide.",[260,21426,1928,21428,21430],{"id":21427},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21429,10769],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21432,21433],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[260,21435,21437,21438,1916],{"id":21436},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21439,10769],{},[20,21441,21442,21444],{},[15,21443,3820],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[260,21446,21448,21449,21451],{"id":21447},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21450,10769],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21453,143,21454,21456],{},[15,21455,10769],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[47,21458,1938],{"id":1937},[164,21460,21461,21465,21471,21477,21481,21486],{},[167,21462,21463],{},[221,21464,9189],{"href":9188},[167,21466,21467],{},[221,21468,10766,21469,10770],{"href":17089},[15,21470,17092],{},[167,21472,21473],{},[221,21474,10766,21475,10770],{"href":17101},[15,21476,17104],{},[167,21478,21479],{},[221,21480,17180],{"href":17179},[167,21482,21483],{},[221,21484,21485],{"href":16625},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[167,21487,21488],{},[221,21489,11292],{"href":11104},[1969,21491,21492],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":21494},[21495,21497,21498,21500,21505,21506,21514,21515,21525],{"id":19859,"depth":79,"text":21496},"What get() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":20194,"depth":79,"text":21499},"When to use get()",{"id":20366,"depth":79,"text":21501,"children":21502},"get() vs square brackets",[21503,21504],{"id":20415,"depth":86,"text":20416},{"id":19777,"depth":86,"text":10769},{"id":20614,"depth":79,"text":20615},{"id":20827,"depth":79,"text":20828,"children":21507},[21508,21510,21512],{"id":20836,"depth":86,"text":21509},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20922,"depth":86,"text":21511},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21012,"depth":86,"text":21513},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":21516},[21517,21519,21521,21523],{"id":21413,"depth":86,"text":21518},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21427,"depth":86,"text":21520},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21436,"depth":86,"text":21522},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21447,"depth":86,"text":21524},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19695,"description":21526},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21533,"title":21534,"body":21535,"description":24091,"extension":2017,"meta":24092,"navigation":82,"path":24093,"seo":24094,"stem":24095,"__hash__":24096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21536,"toc":24057},[21537,21542,21548,21554,21556,21638,21642,21659,21664,21669,21674,21676,21690,21692,21755,21759,21799,21807,21809,21811,21826,21829,21842,21844,21923,21927,21993,21995,21999,22007,22009,22020,22022,22132,22136,22215,22221,22227,22232,22345,22349,22381,22384,22491,22497,22504,22508,22511,22613,22617,22678,22681,22684,22695,22704,22707,22724,22726,22825,22829,22904,22907,22930,22935,22940,22957,22959,23080,23084,23118,23120,23125,23132,23142,23144,23222,23225,23296,23306,23309,23341,23344,23383,23389,23396,23399,23490,23494,23575,23581,23584,23587,23692,23695,23698,23820,23824,23827,23894,23898,23935,23941,23943,23949,23954,23960,23967,23973,23976,24015,24021,24024,24026,24054],[10,21538,11348,21540,11352],{"id":21539},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21541,17104],{},[20,21543,2034,21544,21547],{},[15,21545,21546],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21549,21550,21551,21553],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21552,17104],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[47,21555,2059],{"id":2058},[52,21557,21559],{"className":54,"code":21558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21560,21561,21597,21601,21624],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21562,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21564,13231],{"class":67},[61,21566,72],{"class":71},[61,21568,1305],{"class":93},[61,21570,1010],{"class":310},[61,21572,335],{"class":314},[61,21574,1010],{"class":310},[61,21576,1314],{"class":93},[61,21578,311],{"class":310},[61,21580,1319],{"class":314},[61,21582,1010],{"class":310},[61,21584,106],{"class":93},[61,21586,311],{"class":310},[61,21588,9331],{"class":314},[61,21590,1010],{"class":310},[61,21592,1314],{"class":93},[61,21594,9338],{"class":75},[61,21596,1324],{"class":93},[61,21598,21599],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,21600,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,21602,21603,21605,21608,21610,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,21604,5996],{"class":672},[61,21606,21607],{"class":67}," key",[61,21609,106],{"class":93},[61,21611,21612],{"class":67}," value ",[61,21614,3924],{"class":672},[61,21616,13274],{"class":67},[61,21618,229],{"class":93},[61,21620,7845],{"class":102},[61,21622,21623],{"class":93},"():\n",[61,21625,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,21627,1141],{"class":89},[61,21629,94],{"class":93},[61,21631,14868],{"class":102},[61,21633,106],{"class":93},[61,21635,8465],{"class":102},[61,21637,258],{"class":93},[20,21639,21640],{},[3784,21641,345],{},[52,21643,21645],{"className":54,"code":21644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21646,21647,21652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21648,21649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21650,21651],{"class":67},"name Ana\n",[61,21653,21654,21657],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,21655,21656],{"class":67},"age ",[61,21658,2756],{"class":75},[20,21660,143,21661,21663],{},[15,21662,17104],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[47,21665,151,21667,154],{"id":21666},"what-items-does",[15,21668,17104],{},[20,21670,21671,21673],{},[15,21672,17104],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21675,11488],{},[164,21677,21678,21684,21687],{},[167,21679,21680,21681],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21682,21683],{},"(key, value)",[167,21685,21686],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[167,21688,21689],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21691,295],{},[52,21693,21695],{"className":54,"code":21694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21696,21697,21733,21737],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21698,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21700,13231],{"class":67},[61,21702,72],{"class":71},[61,21704,1305],{"class":93},[61,21706,1010],{"class":310},[61,21708,335],{"class":314},[61,21710,1010],{"class":310},[61,21712,1314],{"class":93},[61,21714,311],{"class":310},[61,21716,1319],{"class":314},[61,21718,1010],{"class":310},[61,21720,106],{"class":93},[61,21722,311],{"class":310},[61,21724,9331],{"class":314},[61,21726,1010],{"class":310},[61,21728,1314],{"class":93},[61,21730,9338],{"class":75},[61,21732,1324],{"class":93},[61,21734,21735],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,21736,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,21738,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,21740,90],{"class":89},[61,21742,94],{"class":93},[61,21744,192],{"class":109},[61,21746,94],{"class":93},[61,21748,17333],{"class":102},[61,21750,229],{"class":93},[61,21752,7845],{"class":102},[61,21754,6329],{"class":93},[20,21756,21757],{},[3784,21758,345],{},[52,21760,21762],{"className":54,"code":21761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21763,21764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21765,21766,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21767,21768],{"class":93},"[(",[61,21770,3348],{"class":310},[61,21772,335],{"class":314},[61,21774,3348],{"class":310},[61,21776,106],{"class":93},[61,21778,3343],{"class":310},[61,21780,1319],{"class":314},[61,21782,3348],{"class":310},[61,21784,9266],{"class":93},[61,21786,572],{"class":93},[61,21788,3348],{"class":310},[61,21790,9331],{"class":314},[61,21792,3348],{"class":310},[61,21794,106],{"class":93},[61,21796,9338],{"class":75},[61,21798,9281],{"class":93},[20,21800,21801,21802,31,21804,229],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[221,21803,9189],{"href":13049},[221,21805,15052],{"href":21806},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[47,21808,233],{"id":232},[20,21810,5471],{},[52,21812,21814],{"className":54,"code":21813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21815,21816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21817,21818,21820,21822,21824],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21819,11479],{"class":67},[61,21821,229],{"class":93},[61,21823,7845],{"class":102},[61,21825,8676],{"class":93},[20,21827,21828],{},"Things to remember:",[164,21830,21831,21836,21839],{},[167,21832,21833,21835],{},[15,21834,17104],{}," does not take any arguments",[167,21837,21838],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[167,21840,21841],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21843,295],{},[52,21845,21847],{"className":54,"code":21846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21848,21849,21881,21885,21899,21903,21913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21850,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21852,5104],{"class":67},[61,21854,72],{"class":71},[61,21856,1305],{"class":93},[61,21858,1010],{"class":310},[61,21860,5044],{"class":314},[61,21862,1010],{"class":310},[61,21864,1314],{"class":93},[61,21866,19925],{"class":75},[61,21868,106],{"class":93},[61,21870,311],{"class":310},[61,21872,5053],{"class":314},[61,21874,1010],{"class":310},[61,21876,1314],{"class":93},[61,21878,13534],{"class":75},[61,21880,1324],{"class":93},[61,21882,21883],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,21884,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,21886,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,21888,1593],{"class":67},[61,21890,72],{"class":71},[61,21892,5151],{"class":67},[61,21894,229],{"class":93},[61,21896,7845],{"class":102},[61,21898,8676],{"class":93},[61,21900,21901],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,21902,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,21904,21905,21907,21909,21911],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,21906,90],{"class":89},[61,21908,94],{"class":93},[61,21910,1620],{"class":102},[61,21912,258],{"class":93},[61,21914,21915,21917,21919,21921],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,21916,90],{"class":89},[61,21918,94],{"class":93},[61,21920,16417],{"class":102},[61,21922,258],{"class":93},[20,21924,21925],{},[3784,21926,345],{},[52,21928,21930],{"className":54,"code":21929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21931,21932,21965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21933,21934,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21935,21936],{"class":102},"dict_items",[61,21938,9689],{"class":93},[61,21940,3348],{"class":310},[61,21942,5044],{"class":314},[61,21944,3348],{"class":310},[61,21946,106],{"class":93},[61,21948,19925],{"class":75},[61,21950,9266],{"class":93},[61,21952,572],{"class":93},[61,21954,3348],{"class":310},[61,21956,5053],{"class":314},[61,21958,3348],{"class":310},[61,21960,106],{"class":93},[61,21962,13534],{"class":75},[61,21964,10708],{"class":93},[61,21966,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,21968,9310],{"class":93},[61,21970,3348],{"class":310},[61,21972,5044],{"class":314},[61,21974,3348],{"class":310},[61,21976,1314],{"class":93},[61,21978,19925],{"class":75},[61,21980,106],{"class":93},[61,21982,3343],{"class":310},[61,21984,5053],{"class":314},[61,21986,3348],{"class":310},[61,21988,1314],{"class":93},[61,21990,13534],{"class":75},[61,21992,1324],{"class":93},[20,21994,20919],{},[47,21996,21998],{"id":21997},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22000,22001,22003,22004,22006],{},[15,22002,17104],{}," returns a ",[15,22005,21936],{}," view object.",[20,22008,2162],{},[164,22010,22011,22014,22017],{},[167,22012,22013],{},"You can loop over it",[167,22015,22016],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[167,22018,22019],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22021,295],{},[52,22023,22025],{"className":54,"code":22024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22026,22027,22059,22073,22077,22091,22095,22114,22118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22028,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22030,9199],{"class":67},[61,22032,72],{"class":71},[61,22034,1305],{"class":93},[61,22036,1010],{"class":310},[61,22038,2228],{"class":314},[61,22040,1010],{"class":310},[61,22042,1314],{"class":93},[61,22044,5535],{"class":75},[61,22046,106],{"class":93},[61,22048,311],{"class":310},[61,22050,11772],{"class":314},[61,22052,1010],{"class":310},[61,22054,1314],{"class":93},[61,22056,3040],{"class":75},[61,22058,1324],{"class":93},[61,22060,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22062,9248],{"class":67},[61,22064,72],{"class":71},[61,22066,14593],{"class":67},[61,22068,229],{"class":93},[61,22070,7845],{"class":102},[61,22072,8676],{"class":93},[61,22074,22075],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,22076,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,22078,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,22080,90],{"class":89},[61,22082,94],{"class":93},[61,22084,192],{"class":109},[61,22086,94],{"class":93},[61,22088,9294],{"class":102},[61,22090,342],{"class":93},[61,22092,22093],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,22094,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,22096,22097,22099,22101,22103,22106,22108,22110,22112],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,22098,9237],{"class":67},[61,22100,1356],{"class":93},[61,22102,1010],{"class":310},[61,22104,22105],{"class":314},"z",[61,22107,1010],{"class":310},[61,22109,13300],{"class":93},[61,22111,13303],{"class":71},[61,22113,2625],{"class":75},[61,22115,22116],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,22117,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,22119,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,22121,90],{"class":89},[61,22123,94],{"class":93},[61,22125,192],{"class":109},[61,22127,94],{"class":93},[61,22129,9294],{"class":102},[61,22131,342],{"class":93},[20,22133,22134],{},[3784,22135,345],{},[52,22137,22139],{"className":54,"code":22138,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22140,22141,22171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22142,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22144,21768],{"class":93},[61,22146,3348],{"class":310},[61,22148,2228],{"class":314},[61,22150,3348],{"class":310},[61,22152,106],{"class":93},[61,22154,5535],{"class":75},[61,22156,9266],{"class":93},[61,22158,572],{"class":93},[61,22160,3348],{"class":310},[61,22162,11772],{"class":314},[61,22164,3348],{"class":310},[61,22166,106],{"class":93},[61,22168,3040],{"class":75},[61,22170,9281],{"class":93},[61,22172,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22174,21768],{"class":93},[61,22176,3348],{"class":310},[61,22178,2228],{"class":314},[61,22180,3348],{"class":310},[61,22182,106],{"class":93},[61,22184,5535],{"class":75},[61,22186,9266],{"class":93},[61,22188,572],{"class":93},[61,22190,3348],{"class":310},[61,22192,11772],{"class":314},[61,22194,3348],{"class":310},[61,22196,106],{"class":93},[61,22198,3040],{"class":75},[61,22200,9266],{"class":93},[61,22202,572],{"class":93},[61,22204,3348],{"class":310},[61,22206,22105],{"class":314},[61,22208,3348],{"class":310},[61,22210,106],{"class":93},[61,22212,1020],{"class":75},[61,22214,9281],{"class":93},[20,22216,22217,22218,22220],{},"This happens because ",[15,22219,9294],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[47,22222,22224,22225],{"id":22223},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22226,17104],{},[20,22228,22229,22230,1314],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22231,17104],{},[52,22233,22235],{"className":54,"code":22234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22236,22237,22290,22294,22314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22238,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22240,12890],{"class":67},[61,22242,72],{"class":71},[61,22244,1305],{"class":93},[61,22246,1010],{"class":310},[61,22248,335],{"class":314},[61,22250,1010],{"class":310},[61,22252,1314],{"class":93},[61,22254,311],{"class":310},[61,22256,7956],{"class":314},[61,22258,1010],{"class":310},[61,22260,106],{"class":93},[61,22262,311],{"class":310},[61,22264,19918],{"class":314},[61,22266,1010],{"class":310},[61,22268,1314],{"class":93},[61,22270,311],{"class":310},[61,22272,22273],{"class":314},"A",[61,22275,1010],{"class":310},[61,22277,106],{"class":93},[61,22279,311],{"class":310},[61,22281,9331],{"class":314},[61,22283,1010],{"class":310},[61,22285,1314],{"class":93},[61,22287,13884],{"class":75},[61,22289,1324],{"class":93},[61,22291,22292],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22293,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,22295,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,22297,5996],{"class":672},[61,22299,21607],{"class":67},[61,22301,106],{"class":93},[61,22303,21612],{"class":67},[61,22305,3924],{"class":672},[61,22307,12932],{"class":67},[61,22309,229],{"class":93},[61,22311,7845],{"class":102},[61,22313,21623],{"class":93},[61,22315,22316,22318,22320,22323,22325,22327,22329,22332,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,22317,1141],{"class":89},[61,22319,94],{"class":93},[61,22321,22322],{"class":882},"f",[61,22324,1010],{"class":314},[61,22326,9310],{"class":75},[61,22328,14868],{"class":102},[61,22330,22331],{"class":75},"}",[61,22333,22334],{"class":314},": ",[61,22336,9310],{"class":75},[61,22338,103],{"class":102},[61,22340,22331],{"class":75},[61,22342,1010],{"class":314},[61,22344,258],{"class":93},[20,22346,22347],{},[3784,22348,345],{},[52,22350,22352],{"className":54,"code":22351,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22353,22354,22363,22372],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22355,22356,22358,22360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22357,335],{"class":67},[61,22359,1314],{"class":93},[61,22361,22362],{"class":67}," Mia\n",[61,22364,22365,22367,22369],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22366,19918],{"class":67},[61,22368,1314],{"class":93},[61,22370,22371],{"class":67}," A\n",[61,22373,22374,22376,22378],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,22375,9331],{"class":67},[61,22377,1314],{"class":93},[61,22379,22380],{"class":75}," 14\n",[20,22382,22383],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[52,22385,22387],{"className":54,"code":22386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22388,22389,22441,22445,22457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22390,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22392,12890],{"class":67},[61,22394,72],{"class":71},[61,22396,1305],{"class":93},[61,22398,1010],{"class":310},[61,22400,335],{"class":314},[61,22402,1010],{"class":310},[61,22404,1314],{"class":93},[61,22406,311],{"class":310},[61,22408,7956],{"class":314},[61,22410,1010],{"class":310},[61,22412,106],{"class":93},[61,22414,311],{"class":310},[61,22416,19918],{"class":314},[61,22418,1010],{"class":310},[61,22420,1314],{"class":93},[61,22422,311],{"class":310},[61,22424,22273],{"class":314},[61,22426,1010],{"class":310},[61,22428,106],{"class":93},[61,22430,311],{"class":310},[61,22432,9331],{"class":314},[61,22434,1010],{"class":310},[61,22436,1314],{"class":93},[61,22438,13884],{"class":75},[61,22440,1324],{"class":93},[61,22442,22443],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22444,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,22446,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,22448,5996],{"class":672},[61,22450,18236],{"class":67},[61,22452,3924],{"class":672},[61,22454,12932],{"class":67},[61,22456,6433],{"class":93},[61,22458,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,22460,1141],{"class":89},[61,22462,94],{"class":93},[61,22464,22322],{"class":882},[61,22466,1010],{"class":314},[61,22468,9310],{"class":75},[61,22470,14868],{"class":102},[61,22472,22331],{"class":75},[61,22474,22334],{"class":314},[61,22476,9310],{"class":75},[61,22478,13652],{"class":102},[61,22480,1356],{"class":93},[61,22482,14868],{"class":102},[61,22484,13300],{"class":93},[61,22486,22331],{"class":75},[61,22488,1010],{"class":314},[61,22490,258],{"class":93},[20,22492,6545,22493,22496],{},[15,22494,22495],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22498,22499,22500,229],{},"For a full guide, see ",[221,22501,22503],{"href":22502},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[47,22505,22507],{"id":22506},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22509,22510],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[52,22512,22514],{"className":54,"code":22513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22515,22516,22575,22579,22598,22602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22517,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22553,22555,22557,22559,22562,22564,22566,22568,22571,22573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22519,13102],{"class":67},[61,22521,72],{"class":71},[61,22523,1305],{"class":93},[61,22525,1010],{"class":310},[61,22527,4118],{"class":314},[61,22529,1010],{"class":310},[61,22531,1314],{"class":93},[61,22533,311],{"class":310},[61,22535,13119],{"class":314},[61,22537,1010],{"class":310},[61,22539,106],{"class":93},[61,22541,311],{"class":310},[61,22543,4127],{"class":314},[61,22545,1010],{"class":310},[61,22547,1314],{"class":93},[61,22549,311],{"class":310},[61,22551,22552],{"class":314},"yellow",[61,22554,1010],{"class":310},[61,22556,106],{"class":93},[61,22558,311],{"class":310},[61,22560,22561],{"class":314},"grape",[61,22563,1010],{"class":310},[61,22565,1314],{"class":93},[61,22567,311],{"class":310},[61,22569,22570],{"class":314},"purple",[61,22572,1010],{"class":310},[61,22574,1324],{"class":93},[61,22576,22577],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22578,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,22580,22581,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,22582,22583],{"class":67},"pairs_list ",[61,22585,72],{"class":71},[61,22587,605],{"class":109},[61,22589,94],{"class":93},[61,22591,17529],{"class":102},[61,22593,229],{"class":93},[61,22595,7845],{"class":102},[61,22597,7228],{"class":93},[61,22599,22600],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,22601,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,22603,22604,22606,22608,22611],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,22605,90],{"class":89},[61,22607,94],{"class":93},[61,22609,22610],{"class":102},"pairs_list",[61,22612,258],{"class":93},[20,22614,22615],{},[3784,22616,345],{},[52,22618,22620],{"className":54,"code":22619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22621,22622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22623,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22625,21768],{"class":93},[61,22627,3348],{"class":310},[61,22629,4118],{"class":314},[61,22631,3348],{"class":310},[61,22633,106],{"class":93},[61,22635,3343],{"class":310},[61,22637,13119],{"class":314},[61,22639,3348],{"class":310},[61,22641,9266],{"class":93},[61,22643,572],{"class":93},[61,22645,3348],{"class":310},[61,22647,4127],{"class":314},[61,22649,3348],{"class":310},[61,22651,106],{"class":93},[61,22653,3343],{"class":310},[61,22655,22552],{"class":314},[61,22657,3348],{"class":310},[61,22659,9266],{"class":93},[61,22661,572],{"class":93},[61,22663,3348],{"class":310},[61,22665,22561],{"class":314},[61,22667,3348],{"class":310},[61,22669,106],{"class":93},[61,22671,3343],{"class":310},[61,22673,22570],{"class":314},[61,22675,3348],{"class":310},[61,22677,9281],{"class":93},[20,22679,22680],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22682,22683],{},"Use this when:",[164,22685,22686,22689,22692],{},[167,22687,22688],{},"You want clearer printed output",[167,22690,22691],{},"You need list behavior",[167,22693,22694],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[47,22696,22698,741,22700,741,22702],{"id":22697},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22699,17104],{},[15,22701,17092],{},[15,22703,17098],{},[20,22705,22706],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[164,22708,22709,22714,22719],{},[167,22710,22711,22713],{},[15,22712,17104],{}," gives both key and value",[167,22715,22716,22718],{},[15,22717,17092],{}," gives only keys",[167,22720,22721,22723],{},[15,22722,17098],{}," gives only values",[20,22725,295],{},[52,22727,22729],{"className":54,"code":22728,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22730,22731,22767,22771,22789,22807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22732,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22734,13231],{"class":67},[61,22736,72],{"class":71},[61,22738,1305],{"class":93},[61,22740,1010],{"class":310},[61,22742,335],{"class":314},[61,22744,1010],{"class":310},[61,22746,1314],{"class":93},[61,22748,311],{"class":310},[61,22750,1319],{"class":314},[61,22752,1010],{"class":310},[61,22754,106],{"class":93},[61,22756,311],{"class":310},[61,22758,9331],{"class":314},[61,22760,1010],{"class":310},[61,22762,1314],{"class":93},[61,22764,9338],{"class":75},[61,22766,1324],{"class":93},[61,22768,22769],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22770,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,22772,22773,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,22774,90],{"class":89},[61,22776,94],{"class":93},[61,22778,192],{"class":109},[61,22780,94],{"class":93},[61,22782,17333],{"class":102},[61,22784,229],{"class":93},[61,22786,16950],{"class":102},[61,22788,6329],{"class":93},[61,22790,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,22792,90],{"class":89},[61,22794,94],{"class":93},[61,22796,192],{"class":109},[61,22798,94],{"class":93},[61,22800,17333],{"class":102},[61,22802,229],{"class":93},[61,22804,5396],{"class":102},[61,22806,6329],{"class":93},[61,22808,22809,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,22810,90],{"class":89},[61,22812,94],{"class":93},[61,22814,192],{"class":109},[61,22816,94],{"class":93},[61,22818,17333],{"class":102},[61,22820,229],{"class":93},[61,22822,7845],{"class":102},[61,22824,6329],{"class":93},[20,22826,22827],{},[3784,22828,345],{},[52,22830,22832],{"className":54,"code":22831,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22833,22834,22854,22870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22835,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22837,1356],{"class":93},[61,22839,3348],{"class":310},[61,22841,335],{"class":314},[61,22843,3348],{"class":310},[61,22845,106],{"class":93},[61,22847,3343],{"class":310},[61,22849,9331],{"class":314},[61,22851,3348],{"class":310},[61,22853,1115],{"class":93},[61,22855,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22857,1356],{"class":93},[61,22859,3348],{"class":310},[61,22861,1319],{"class":314},[61,22863,3348],{"class":310},[61,22865,106],{"class":93},[61,22867,9338],{"class":75},[61,22869,1115],{"class":93},[61,22871,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,22873,21768],{"class":93},[61,22875,3348],{"class":310},[61,22877,335],{"class":314},[61,22879,3348],{"class":310},[61,22881,106],{"class":93},[61,22883,3343],{"class":310},[61,22885,1319],{"class":314},[61,22887,3348],{"class":310},[61,22889,9266],{"class":93},[61,22891,572],{"class":93},[61,22893,3348],{"class":310},[61,22895,9331],{"class":314},[61,22897,3348],{"class":310},[61,22899,106],{"class":93},[61,22901,9338],{"class":75},[61,22903,9281],{"class":93},[20,22905,22906],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[164,22908,22909,22917,22925],{},[167,22910,22911,22912],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[221,22913,22915],{"href":22914},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22916,17092],{},[167,22918,22919,22920],{},"Need just values? Use ",[221,22921,22923],{"href":22922},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22924,17098],{},[167,22926,22927,22928],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22929,17104],{},[47,22931,5001,22933],{"id":22932},"when-to-use-items",[15,22934,17104],{},[20,22936,22937,22939],{},[15,22938,17104],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[164,22941,22942,22945,22948,22951,22954],{},[167,22943,22944],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[167,22946,22947],{},"Building formatted output",[167,22949,22950],{},"Looping through settings and values",[167,22952,22953],{},"Showing names with scores",[167,22955,22956],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22958,295],{},[52,22960,22962],{"className":54,"code":22961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22963,22964,22972,22990,23009,23021,23025,23029,23050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22965,22966,22968,22970],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22967,13852],{"class":67},[61,22969,72],{"class":71},[61,22971,11521],{"class":93},[61,22973,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,22975,11526],{"class":310},[61,22977,12521],{"class":314},[61,22979,1010],{"class":310},[61,22981,1314],{"class":93},[61,22983,311],{"class":310},[61,22985,12530],{"class":314},[61,22987,1010],{"class":310},[61,22989,11541],{"class":93},[61,22991,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23005,23007],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,22993,11526],{"class":310},[61,22995,20150],{"class":314},[61,22997,1010],{"class":310},[61,22999,1314],{"class":93},[61,23001,311],{"class":310},[61,23003,23004],{"class":314},"English",[61,23006,1010],{"class":310},[61,23008,11541],{"class":93},[61,23010,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,23012,11526],{"class":310},[61,23014,18552],{"class":314},[61,23016,1010],{"class":310},[61,23018,1314],{"class":93},[61,23020,6460],{"class":355},[61,23022,23023],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,23024,1324],{"class":93},[61,23026,23027],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,23028,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,23030,23031,23033,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,23032,5996],{"class":672},[61,23034,23035],{"class":67}," setting",[61,23037,106],{"class":93},[61,23039,21612],{"class":67},[61,23041,3924],{"class":672},[61,23043,13896],{"class":67},[61,23045,229],{"class":93},[61,23047,7845],{"class":102},[61,23049,21623],{"class":93},[61,23051,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23065,23067,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,23053,1141],{"class":89},[61,23055,94],{"class":93},[61,23057,22322],{"class":882},[61,23059,1010],{"class":314},[61,23061,9310],{"class":75},[61,23063,23064],{"class":102},"setting",[61,23066,22331],{"class":75},[61,23068,23069],{"class":314}," = ",[61,23071,9310],{"class":75},[61,23073,103],{"class":102},[61,23075,22331],{"class":75},[61,23077,1010],{"class":314},[61,23079,258],{"class":93},[20,23081,23082],{},[3784,23083,345],{},[52,23085,23087],{"className":54,"code":23086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23088,23089,23099,23109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23090,23091,23094,23096],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23092,23093],{"class":67},"theme ",[61,23095,72],{"class":71},[61,23097,23098],{"class":67}," dark\n",[61,23100,23101,23104,23106],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23102,23103],{"class":67},"language ",[61,23105,72],{"class":71},[61,23107,23108],{"class":67}," English\n",[61,23110,23111,23114,23116],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,23112,23113],{"class":67},"notifications ",[61,23115,72],{"class":71},[61,23117,6460],{"class":355},[47,23119,2878],{"id":2877},[20,23121,23122,23123,229],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23124,17104],{},[260,23126,23128,23129,23131],{"id":23127},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23130,17104],{}," incorrectly",[20,23133,23134,23135,23137,23138,23141],{},"Each result from ",[15,23136,17104],{}," has ",[3784,23139,23140],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23143,6722],{},[52,23145,23146],{"className":54,"code":21558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,23147,23148,23184,23188,23208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23149,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23151,13231],{"class":67},[61,23153,72],{"class":71},[61,23155,1305],{"class":93},[61,23157,1010],{"class":310},[61,23159,335],{"class":314},[61,23161,1010],{"class":310},[61,23163,1314],{"class":93},[61,23165,311],{"class":310},[61,23167,1319],{"class":314},[61,23169,1010],{"class":310},[61,23171,106],{"class":93},[61,23173,311],{"class":310},[61,23175,9331],{"class":314},[61,23177,1010],{"class":310},[61,23179,1314],{"class":93},[61,23181,9338],{"class":75},[61,23183,1324],{"class":93},[61,23185,23186],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23187,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,23189,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,23191,5996],{"class":672},[61,23193,21607],{"class":67},[61,23195,106],{"class":93},[61,23197,21612],{"class":67},[61,23199,3924],{"class":672},[61,23201,13274],{"class":67},[61,23203,229],{"class":93},[61,23205,7845],{"class":102},[61,23207,21623],{"class":93},[61,23209,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,23211,1141],{"class":89},[61,23213,94],{"class":93},[61,23215,14868],{"class":102},[61,23217,106],{"class":93},[61,23219,8465],{"class":102},[61,23221,258],{"class":93},[20,23223,23224],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[52,23226,23228],{"className":54,"code":23227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23229,23230,23266,23270,23286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23231,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23233,13231],{"class":67},[61,23235,72],{"class":71},[61,23237,1305],{"class":93},[61,23239,1010],{"class":310},[61,23241,335],{"class":314},[61,23243,1010],{"class":310},[61,23245,1314],{"class":93},[61,23247,311],{"class":310},[61,23249,1319],{"class":314},[61,23251,1010],{"class":310},[61,23253,106],{"class":93},[61,23255,311],{"class":310},[61,23257,9331],{"class":314},[61,23259,1010],{"class":310},[61,23261,1314],{"class":93},[61,23263,9338],{"class":75},[61,23265,1324],{"class":93},[61,23267,23268],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23269,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,23271,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,23273,5996],{"class":672},[61,23275,18236],{"class":67},[61,23277,3924],{"class":672},[61,23279,13274],{"class":67},[61,23281,229],{"class":93},[61,23283,7845],{"class":102},[61,23285,21623],{"class":93},[61,23287,23288,23290,23292,23294],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,23289,1141],{"class":89},[61,23291,94],{"class":93},[61,23293,14868],{"class":102},[61,23295,258],{"class":93},[20,23297,23298,23299,23301,23302,23305],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23300,14868],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23303,23304],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23307,23308],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[52,23310,23312],{"className":54,"code":23311,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23313,23314,23330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23315,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23317,5996],{"class":672},[61,23319,5999],{"class":67},[61,23321,3924],{"class":672},[61,23323,13274],{"class":67},[61,23325,229],{"class":93},[61,23327,7845],{"class":102},[61,23329,21623],{"class":93},[61,23331,23332,23334,23336,23339],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23333,1141],{"class":89},[61,23335,94],{"class":93},[61,23337,23338],{"class":102},"item",[61,23340,258],{"class":93},[20,23342,23343],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[52,23345,23347],{"className":54,"code":23346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23348,23349,23369],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23350,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23352,5996],{"class":672},[61,23354,21607],{"class":67},[61,23356,106],{"class":93},[61,23358,21612],{"class":67},[61,23360,3924],{"class":672},[61,23362,13274],{"class":67},[61,23364,229],{"class":93},[61,23366,7845],{"class":102},[61,23368,21623],{"class":93},[61,23370,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23372,1141],{"class":89},[61,23374,94],{"class":93},[61,23376,14868],{"class":102},[61,23378,106],{"class":93},[61,23380,8465],{"class":102},[61,23382,258],{"class":93},[260,23384,8485,23386,23388],{"id":23385},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23387,17104],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23390,23391,22003,23393,23395],{},[15,23392,17104],{},[15,23394,21936],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23397,23398],{},"Check it:",[52,23400,23402],{"className":54,"code":23401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23403,23404,23436,23440,23454,23472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23405,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23407,11751],{"class":67},[61,23409,72],{"class":71},[61,23411,1305],{"class":93},[61,23413,1010],{"class":310},[61,23415,221],{"class":314},[61,23417,1010],{"class":310},[61,23419,1314],{"class":93},[61,23421,5535],{"class":75},[61,23423,106],{"class":93},[61,23425,311],{"class":310},[61,23427,1101],{"class":314},[61,23429,1010],{"class":310},[61,23431,1314],{"class":93},[61,23433,3040],{"class":75},[61,23435,1324],{"class":93},[61,23437,23438],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23439,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,23441,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,23443,90],{"class":89},[61,23445,94],{"class":93},[61,23447,11479],{"class":102},[61,23449,229],{"class":93},[61,23451,7845],{"class":102},[61,23453,7228],{"class":93},[61,23455,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,23457,90],{"class":89},[61,23459,94],{"class":93},[61,23461,657],{"class":109},[61,23463,94],{"class":93},[61,23465,11479],{"class":102},[61,23467,229],{"class":93},[61,23469,7845],{"class":102},[61,23471,6329],{"class":93},[61,23473,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,23475,90],{"class":89},[61,23477,94],{"class":93},[61,23479,192],{"class":109},[61,23481,94],{"class":93},[61,23483,11479],{"class":102},[61,23485,229],{"class":93},[61,23487,7845],{"class":102},[61,23489,6329],{"class":93},[20,23491,23492],{},[3784,23493,345],{},[52,23495,23497],{"className":54,"code":23496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23498,23499,23531,23545],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23500,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23502,21936],{"class":102},[61,23504,9689],{"class":93},[61,23506,3348],{"class":310},[61,23508,221],{"class":314},[61,23510,3348],{"class":310},[61,23512,106],{"class":93},[61,23514,5535],{"class":75},[61,23516,9266],{"class":93},[61,23518,572],{"class":93},[61,23520,3348],{"class":310},[61,23522,1101],{"class":314},[61,23524,3348],{"class":310},[61,23526,106],{"class":93},[61,23528,3040],{"class":75},[61,23530,10708],{"class":93},[61,23532,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23534,3337],{"class":71},[61,23536,3340],{"class":882},[61,23538,3343],{"class":310},[61,23540,21936],{"class":314},[61,23542,3348],{"class":310},[61,23544,3351],{"class":71},[61,23546,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,23548,21768],{"class":93},[61,23550,3348],{"class":310},[61,23552,221],{"class":314},[61,23554,3348],{"class":310},[61,23556,106],{"class":93},[61,23558,5535],{"class":75},[61,23560,9266],{"class":93},[61,23562,572],{"class":93},[61,23564,3348],{"class":310},[61,23566,1101],{"class":314},[61,23568,3348],{"class":310},[61,23570,106],{"class":93},[61,23572,3040],{"class":75},[61,23574,9281],{"class":93},[260,23576,23578,23579],{"id":23577},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23580,17104],{},[20,23582,23583],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23585,23586],{},"Problem example:",[52,23588,23590],{"className":54,"code":23589,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23591,23592,23636,23640,23660,23672],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23593,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23595,3661],{"class":67},[61,23597,72],{"class":71},[61,23599,1305],{"class":93},[61,23601,1010],{"class":310},[61,23603,221],{"class":314},[61,23605,1010],{"class":310},[61,23607,1314],{"class":93},[61,23609,5535],{"class":75},[61,23611,106],{"class":93},[61,23613,311],{"class":310},[61,23615,1101],{"class":314},[61,23617,1010],{"class":310},[61,23619,1314],{"class":93},[61,23621,3040],{"class":75},[61,23623,106],{"class":93},[61,23625,311],{"class":310},[61,23627,1110],{"class":314},[61,23629,1010],{"class":310},[61,23631,1314],{"class":93},[61,23633,1020],{"class":75},[61,23635,1324],{"class":93},[61,23637,23638],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23639,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,23641,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,23643,5996],{"class":672},[61,23645,21607],{"class":67},[61,23647,106],{"class":93},[61,23649,21612],{"class":67},[61,23651,3924],{"class":672},[61,23653,4303],{"class":67},[61,23655,229],{"class":93},[61,23657,7845],{"class":102},[61,23659,21623],{"class":93},[61,23661,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,23663,905],{"class":672},[61,23665,21612],{"class":67},[61,23667,4728],{"class":71},[61,23669,3040],{"class":75},[61,23671,6433],{"class":93},[61,23673,23674,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,23675,23676],{"class":67},"        numbers",[61,23678,1356],{"class":93},[61,23680,1010],{"class":310},[61,23682,18795],{"class":314},[61,23684,1010],{"class":310},[61,23686,13300],{"class":93},[61,23688,13303],{"class":71},[61,23690,23691],{"class":75}," 4\n",[20,23693,23694],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23696,23697],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[52,23699,23701],{"className":54,"code":23700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23702,23703,23747,23751,23776,23788,23806,23810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23704,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23706,3661],{"class":67},[61,23708,72],{"class":71},[61,23710,1305],{"class":93},[61,23712,1010],{"class":310},[61,23714,221],{"class":314},[61,23716,1010],{"class":310},[61,23718,1314],{"class":93},[61,23720,5535],{"class":75},[61,23722,106],{"class":93},[61,23724,311],{"class":310},[61,23726,1101],{"class":314},[61,23728,1010],{"class":310},[61,23730,1314],{"class":93},[61,23732,3040],{"class":75},[61,23734,106],{"class":93},[61,23736,311],{"class":310},[61,23738,1110],{"class":314},[61,23740,1010],{"class":310},[61,23742,1314],{"class":93},[61,23744,1020],{"class":75},[61,23746,1324],{"class":93},[61,23748,23749],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23750,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,23752,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,23754,5996],{"class":672},[61,23756,21607],{"class":67},[61,23758,106],{"class":93},[61,23760,21612],{"class":67},[61,23762,3924],{"class":672},[61,23764,605],{"class":109},[61,23766,94],{"class":93},[61,23768,3691],{"class":102},[61,23770,229],{"class":93},[61,23772,7845],{"class":102},[61,23774,23775],{"class":93},"()):\n",[61,23777,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,23779,905],{"class":672},[61,23781,21612],{"class":67},[61,23783,4728],{"class":71},[61,23785,3040],{"class":75},[61,23787,6433],{"class":93},[61,23789,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,23791,23676],{"class":67},[61,23793,1356],{"class":93},[61,23795,1010],{"class":310},[61,23797,18795],{"class":314},[61,23799,1010],{"class":310},[61,23801,13300],{"class":93},[61,23803,13303],{"class":71},[61,23805,23691],{"class":75},[61,23807,23808],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,23809,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,23811,23812,23814,23816,23818],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,23813,90],{"class":89},[61,23815,94],{"class":93},[61,23817,3691],{"class":102},[61,23819,258],{"class":93},[260,23821,23823],{"id":23822},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23825,23826],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[52,23828,23830],{"className":54,"code":23829,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23831,23832,23864,23868,23884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23833,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23835,9199],{"class":67},[61,23837,72],{"class":71},[61,23839,1305],{"class":93},[61,23841,1010],{"class":310},[61,23843,2228],{"class":314},[61,23845,1010],{"class":310},[61,23847,1314],{"class":93},[61,23849,6043],{"class":75},[61,23851,106],{"class":93},[61,23853,311],{"class":310},[61,23855,11772],{"class":314},[61,23857,1010],{"class":310},[61,23859,1314],{"class":93},[61,23861,7825],{"class":75},[61,23863,1324],{"class":93},[61,23865,23866],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23867,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,23869,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,23871,5996],{"class":672},[61,23873,5999],{"class":67},[61,23875,3924],{"class":672},[61,23877,14593],{"class":67},[61,23879,229],{"class":93},[61,23881,7845],{"class":102},[61,23883,21623],{"class":93},[61,23885,23886,23888,23890,23892],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,23887,1141],{"class":89},[61,23889,94],{"class":93},[61,23891,23338],{"class":102},[61,23893,258],{"class":93},[20,23895,23896],{},[3784,23897,345],{},[52,23899,23901],{"className":54,"code":23900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23902,23903,23919],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23904,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23906,94],{"class":93},[61,23908,3348],{"class":310},[61,23910,2228],{"class":314},[61,23912,3348],{"class":310},[61,23914,106],{"class":93},[61,23916,6043],{"class":75},[61,23918,258],{"class":93},[61,23920,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,23922,94],{"class":93},[61,23924,3348],{"class":310},[61,23926,11772],{"class":314},[61,23928,3348],{"class":310},[61,23930,106],{"class":93},[61,23932,7825],{"class":75},[61,23934,258],{"class":93},[20,23936,23937,23938,23940],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23939,21683],{}," pair.",[47,23942,1879],{"id":1878},[260,23944,23946,23947,1886],{"id":23945},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23948,17104],{},[20,23950,17448,23951,23953],{},[15,23952,21936],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[260,23955,1928,23957,23959],{"id":23956},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23958,17104],{}," return a list?",[20,23961,23962,23963,23966],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23964,23965],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[260,23968,23970,23971,1916],{"id":23969},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23972,17104],{},[20,23974,23975],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[52,23977,23979],{"className":54,"code":23978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23980,23981,24001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23982,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23984,5996],{"class":672},[61,23986,21607],{"class":67},[61,23988,106],{"class":93},[61,23990,21612],{"class":67},[61,23992,3924],{"class":672},[61,23994,11793],{"class":67},[61,23996,229],{"class":93},[61,23998,7845],{"class":102},[61,24000,21623],{"class":93},[61,24002,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24004,1141],{"class":89},[61,24006,94],{"class":93},[61,24008,14868],{"class":102},[61,24010,106],{"class":93},[61,24012,8465],{"class":102},[61,24014,258],{"class":93},[260,24016,1928,24018,24020],{"id":24017},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24019,17104],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24022,24023],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[47,24025,1938],{"id":1937},[164,24027,24028,24034,24040,24045,24049],{},[167,24029,24030],{},[221,24031,10766,24032,10770],{"href":22914},[15,24033,17092],{},[167,24035,24036],{},[221,24037,10766,24038,10770],{"href":22922},[15,24039,17098],{},[167,24041,24042],{},[221,24043,24044],{"href":22502},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[167,24046,24047],{},[221,24048,9189],{"href":13049},[167,24050,24051],{},[221,24052,24053],{"href":21806},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1969,24055,24056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":24058},[24059,24060,24062,24063,24064,24066,24067,24069,24071,24080,24090],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":21666,"depth":79,"text":24061},"What items() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":21997,"depth":79,"text":21998},{"id":22223,"depth":79,"text":24065},"Looping with items()",{"id":22506,"depth":79,"text":22507},{"id":22697,"depth":79,"text":24068},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22932,"depth":79,"text":24070},"When to use items()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":24072},[24073,24075,24077,24079],{"id":23127,"depth":86,"text":24074},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23385,"depth":86,"text":24076},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23577,"depth":86,"text":24078},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23822,"depth":86,"text":23823},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":24081},[24082,24084,24086,24088],{"id":23945,"depth":86,"text":24083},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23956,"depth":86,"text":24085},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23969,"depth":86,"text":24087},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24017,"depth":86,"text":24089},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21534,"description":24091},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24098,"title":24099,"body":24100,"description":26188,"extension":2017,"meta":26189,"navigation":82,"path":22914,"seo":26190,"stem":26191,"__hash__":26192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24101,"toc":26154},[24102,24107,24113,24116,24127,24134,24136,24219,24223,24270,24275,24280,24285,24287,24303,24305,24404,24408,24465,24468,24470,24473,24566,24570,24633,24636,24652,24657,24659,24661,24676,24678,24689,24691,24734,24737,24781,24784,24786,24793,24796,24813,24815,24908,24912,24953,24965,24969,24972,25060,25064,25084,25087,25114,25121,25126,25130,25141,25143,25247,25251,25277,25280,25347,25352,25355,25378,25383,25387,25392,25398,25403,25405,25460,25464,25491,25498,25504,25507,25532,25538,25564,25567,25642,25649,25654,25656,25695,25713,25717,25720,25763,25766,25768,25787,25789,25794,25818,25821,25891,25894,25967,25969,25971,26032,26035,26051,26053,26058,26063,26070,26079,26085,26091,26098,26104,26108,26113,26115,26151],[10,24103,11348,24105,11352],{"id":24104},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24106,17092],{},[20,24108,24109,24110,24112],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24111,17092],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24114,24115],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[164,24117,24118,24121,24124],{},[167,24119,24120],{},"view the available keys",[167,24122,24123],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[167,24125,24126],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24128,24129,24131,24132,229],{},[15,24130,17092],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24133,17041],{},[47,24135,2059],{"id":2058},[52,24137,24139],{"className":54,"code":24138,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24140,24141,24177,24191,24195,24205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24142,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24144,12890],{"class":67},[61,24146,72],{"class":71},[61,24148,1305],{"class":93},[61,24150,1010],{"class":310},[61,24152,335],{"class":314},[61,24154,1010],{"class":310},[61,24156,1314],{"class":93},[61,24158,311],{"class":310},[61,24160,1319],{"class":314},[61,24162,1010],{"class":310},[61,24164,106],{"class":93},[61,24166,311],{"class":310},[61,24168,9331],{"class":314},[61,24170,1010],{"class":310},[61,24172,1314],{"class":93},[61,24174,7825],{"class":75},[61,24176,1324],{"class":93},[61,24178,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24180,17268],{"class":67},[61,24182,72],{"class":71},[61,24184,12932],{"class":67},[61,24186,229],{"class":93},[61,24188,16950],{"class":102},[61,24190,8676],{"class":93},[61,24192,24193],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,24194,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,24196,24197,24199,24201,24203],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,24198,90],{"class":89},[61,24200,94],{"class":93},[61,24202,16950],{"class":102},[61,24204,258],{"class":93},[61,24206,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,24208,90],{"class":89},[61,24210,94],{"class":93},[61,24212,192],{"class":109},[61,24214,94],{"class":93},[61,24216,16950],{"class":102},[61,24218,342],{"class":93},[20,24220,24221],{},[3784,24222,345],{},[52,24224,24226],{"className":54,"code":24225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24227,24228,24250],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24229,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24231,17041],{"class":102},[61,24233,3032],{"class":93},[61,24235,3348],{"class":310},[61,24237,335],{"class":314},[61,24239,3348],{"class":310},[61,24241,106],{"class":93},[61,24243,3343],{"class":310},[61,24245,9331],{"class":314},[61,24247,3348],{"class":310},[61,24249,1365],{"class":93},[61,24251,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24253,1356],{"class":93},[61,24255,3348],{"class":310},[61,24257,335],{"class":314},[61,24259,3348],{"class":310},[61,24261,106],{"class":93},[61,24263,3343],{"class":310},[61,24265,9331],{"class":314},[61,24267,3348],{"class":310},[61,24269,1115],{"class":93},[20,24271,143,24272,24274],{},[15,24273,17092],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[47,24276,151,24278,154],{"id":24277},"what-keys-does",[15,24279,17092],{},[20,24281,24282,24284],{},[15,24283,17092],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24286,11488],{},[164,24288,24289,24292,24295,24300],{},[167,24290,24291],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[167,24293,24294],{},"It does not need any arguments",[167,24296,17448,24297,24299],{},[15,24298,17041],{}," view object, not a list",[167,24301,24302],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24304,295],{},[52,24306,24308],{"className":54,"code":24307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24309,24310,24346,24350,24364,24368,24390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24311,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24313,13231],{"class":67},[61,24315,72],{"class":71},[61,24317,1305],{"class":93},[61,24319,1010],{"class":310},[61,24321,335],{"class":314},[61,24323,1010],{"class":310},[61,24325,1314],{"class":93},[61,24327,311],{"class":310},[61,24329,13248],{"class":314},[61,24331,1010],{"class":310},[61,24333,106],{"class":93},[61,24335,311],{"class":310},[61,24337,9331],{"class":314},[61,24339,1010],{"class":310},[61,24341,1314],{"class":93},[61,24343,9338],{"class":75},[61,24345,1324],{"class":93},[61,24347,24348],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24349,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,24351,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,24353,90],{"class":89},[61,24355,94],{"class":93},[61,24357,17333],{"class":102},[61,24359,229],{"class":93},[61,24361,16950],{"class":102},[61,24363,7228],{"class":93},[61,24365,24366],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,24367,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,24369,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,24371,17333],{"class":67},[61,24373,1356],{"class":93},[61,24375,1010],{"class":310},[61,24377,10440],{"class":314},[61,24379,1010],{"class":310},[61,24381,13300],{"class":93},[61,24383,13303],{"class":71},[61,24385,311],{"class":310},[61,24387,10447],{"class":314},[61,24389,318],{"class":310},[61,24391,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,24393,90],{"class":89},[61,24395,94],{"class":93},[61,24397,17333],{"class":102},[61,24399,229],{"class":93},[61,24401,16950],{"class":102},[61,24403,7228],{"class":93},[20,24405,24406],{},[3784,24407,345],{},[52,24409,24411],{"className":54,"code":24410,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24412,24413,24435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24414,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24416,17041],{"class":102},[61,24418,3032],{"class":93},[61,24420,3348],{"class":310},[61,24422,335],{"class":314},[61,24424,3348],{"class":310},[61,24426,106],{"class":93},[61,24428,3343],{"class":310},[61,24430,9331],{"class":314},[61,24432,3348],{"class":310},[61,24434,1365],{"class":93},[61,24436,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24438,17041],{"class":102},[61,24440,3032],{"class":93},[61,24442,3348],{"class":310},[61,24444,335],{"class":314},[61,24446,3348],{"class":310},[61,24448,106],{"class":93},[61,24450,3343],{"class":310},[61,24452,9331],{"class":314},[61,24454,3348],{"class":310},[61,24456,106],{"class":93},[61,24458,3343],{"class":310},[61,24460,10440],{"class":314},[61,24462,3348],{"class":310},[61,24464,1365],{"class":93},[20,24466,24467],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[47,24469,5825],{"id":5824},[20,24471,24472],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[52,24474,24476],{"className":54,"code":24475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24477,24478,24530,24534,24548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24479,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24481,9199],{"class":67},[61,24483,72],{"class":71},[61,24485,1305],{"class":93},[61,24487,1010],{"class":310},[61,24489,335],{"class":314},[61,24491,1010],{"class":310},[61,24493,1314],{"class":93},[61,24495,311],{"class":310},[61,24497,1319],{"class":314},[61,24499,1010],{"class":310},[61,24501,106],{"class":93},[61,24503,311],{"class":310},[61,24505,9331],{"class":314},[61,24507,1010],{"class":310},[61,24509,1314],{"class":93},[61,24511,7825],{"class":75},[61,24513,106],{"class":93},[61,24515,311],{"class":310},[61,24517,19918],{"class":314},[61,24519,1010],{"class":310},[61,24521,1314],{"class":93},[61,24523,311],{"class":310},[61,24525,22273],{"class":314},[61,24527,1010],{"class":310},[61,24529,1324],{"class":93},[61,24531,24532],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24533,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,24535,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,24537,90],{"class":89},[61,24539,94],{"class":93},[61,24541,9237],{"class":102},[61,24543,229],{"class":93},[61,24545,16950],{"class":102},[61,24547,7228],{"class":93},[61,24549,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,24551,90],{"class":89},[61,24553,94],{"class":93},[61,24555,192],{"class":109},[61,24557,94],{"class":93},[61,24559,9237],{"class":102},[61,24561,229],{"class":93},[61,24563,16950],{"class":102},[61,24565,6329],{"class":93},[20,24567,24568],{},[3784,24569,345],{},[52,24571,24573],{"className":54,"code":24572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24574,24575,24605],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24576,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24578,17041],{"class":102},[61,24580,3032],{"class":93},[61,24582,3348],{"class":310},[61,24584,335],{"class":314},[61,24586,3348],{"class":310},[61,24588,106],{"class":93},[61,24590,3343],{"class":310},[61,24592,9331],{"class":314},[61,24594,3348],{"class":310},[61,24596,106],{"class":93},[61,24598,3343],{"class":310},[61,24600,19918],{"class":314},[61,24602,3348],{"class":310},[61,24604,1365],{"class":93},[61,24606,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24608,1356],{"class":93},[61,24610,3348],{"class":310},[61,24612,335],{"class":314},[61,24614,3348],{"class":310},[61,24616,106],{"class":93},[61,24618,3343],{"class":310},[61,24620,9331],{"class":314},[61,24622,3348],{"class":310},[61,24624,106],{"class":93},[61,24626,3343],{"class":310},[61,24628,19918],{"class":314},[61,24630,3348],{"class":310},[61,24632,1115],{"class":93},[20,24634,24635],{},"This shows two things:",[164,24637,24638,24646],{},[167,24639,24640,22003,24643,24645],{},[15,24641,24642],{},"data.keys()",[15,24644,17041],{}," object",[167,24647,24648,24651],{},[15,24649,24650],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24653,9185,24654,229],{},[221,24655,24656],{"href":9422},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[47,24658,5468],{"id":5467},[20,24660,236],{},[52,24662,24664],{"className":54,"code":24663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24665,24666],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24667,24668,24670,24672,24674],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24669,11479],{"class":67},[61,24671,229],{"class":93},[61,24673,16950],{"class":102},[61,24675,8676],{"class":93},[20,24677,21828],{},[164,24679,24680,24683,24686],{},[167,24681,24682],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[167,24684,24685],{},"It takes no parameters",[167,24687,24688],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24690,1443],{},[52,24692,24694],{"className":54,"code":24693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24695,24696,24720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24697,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24699,12890],{"class":67},[61,24701,72],{"class":71},[61,24703,1305],{"class":93},[61,24705,1010],{"class":310},[61,24707,335],{"class":314},[61,24709,1010],{"class":310},[61,24711,1314],{"class":93},[61,24713,311],{"class":310},[61,24715,1319],{"class":314},[61,24717,1010],{"class":310},[61,24719,1324],{"class":93},[61,24721,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24723,90],{"class":89},[61,24725,94],{"class":93},[61,24727,13652],{"class":102},[61,24729,229],{"class":93},[61,24731,16950],{"class":102},[61,24733,7228],{"class":93},[20,24735,24736],{},"Incorrect:",[52,24738,24740],{"className":54,"code":24739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24741,24742,24766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24743,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24745,12890],{"class":67},[61,24747,72],{"class":71},[61,24749,1305],{"class":93},[61,24751,1010],{"class":310},[61,24753,335],{"class":314},[61,24755,1010],{"class":310},[61,24757,1314],{"class":93},[61,24759,311],{"class":310},[61,24761,1319],{"class":314},[61,24763,1010],{"class":310},[61,24765,1324],{"class":93},[61,24767,24768,24770,24772,24774,24776,24779],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24769,90],{"class":89},[61,24771,94],{"class":93},[61,24773,13652],{"class":102},[61,24775,229],{"class":93},[61,24777,16950],{"class":24778},"skxfh",[61,24780,258],{"class":93},[20,24782,24783],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[47,24785,17445],{"id":17444},[20,24787,24788,22003,24790,24792],{},[15,24789,17092],{},[15,24791,17041],{}," object.",[20,24794,24795],{},"This object:",[164,24797,24798,24801,24804,24810],{},[167,24799,24800],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[167,24802,24803],{},"can be used in a loop",[167,24805,24806,24807],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24808,24809],{},"list()",[167,24811,24812],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24814,295],{},[52,24816,24818],{"className":54,"code":24817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24819,24820,24861,24865,24880,24884,24894],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24821,24822,24825,24827,24829,24831,24834,24836,24838,24840,24843,24845,24847,24849,24852,24854,24856,24859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24823,24824],{"class":67},"car ",[61,24826,72],{"class":71},[61,24828,1305],{"class":93},[61,24830,1010],{"class":310},[61,24832,24833],{"class":314},"brand",[61,24835,1010],{"class":310},[61,24837,1314],{"class":93},[61,24839,311],{"class":310},[61,24841,24842],{"class":314},"Toyota",[61,24844,1010],{"class":310},[61,24846,106],{"class":93},[61,24848,311],{"class":310},[61,24850,24851],{"class":314},"year",[61,24853,1010],{"class":310},[61,24855,1314],{"class":93},[61,24857,24858],{"class":75}," 2020",[61,24860,1324],{"class":93},[61,24862,24863],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24864,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,24866,24867,24869,24871,24874,24876,24878],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,24868,1593],{"class":67},[61,24870,72],{"class":71},[61,24872,24873],{"class":67}," car",[61,24875,229],{"class":93},[61,24877,16950],{"class":102},[61,24879,8676],{"class":93},[61,24881,24882],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,24883,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,24885,24886,24888,24890,24892],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,24887,90],{"class":89},[61,24889,94],{"class":93},[61,24891,1620],{"class":102},[61,24893,258],{"class":93},[61,24895,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,24897,90],{"class":89},[61,24899,94],{"class":93},[61,24901,657],{"class":109},[61,24903,94],{"class":93},[61,24905,1620],{"class":102},[61,24907,342],{"class":93},[20,24909,24910],{},[3784,24911,345],{},[52,24913,24915],{"className":54,"code":24914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24916,24917,24939],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24918,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24920,17041],{"class":102},[61,24922,3032],{"class":93},[61,24924,3348],{"class":310},[61,24926,24833],{"class":314},[61,24928,3348],{"class":310},[61,24930,106],{"class":93},[61,24932,3343],{"class":310},[61,24934,24851],{"class":314},[61,24936,3348],{"class":310},[61,24938,1365],{"class":93},[61,24940,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,24942,3337],{"class":71},[61,24944,3340],{"class":882},[61,24946,3343],{"class":310},[61,24948,17041],{"class":314},[61,24950,3348],{"class":310},[61,24952,3351],{"class":71},[20,24954,24955,24956,24960,24961,229],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[221,24957,10766,24958,10770],{"href":17095},[15,24959,17098],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[221,24962,10766,24963,10770],{"href":17101},[15,24964,17104],{},[47,24966,24968],{"id":24967},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24970,24971],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[52,24973,24975],{"className":54,"code":24974,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24976,24977,25030,25034,25050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24978,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25026,25028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24980,12890],{"class":67},[61,24982,72],{"class":71},[61,24984,1305],{"class":93},[61,24986,1010],{"class":310},[61,24988,335],{"class":314},[61,24990,1010],{"class":310},[61,24992,1314],{"class":93},[61,24994,311],{"class":310},[61,24996,1319],{"class":314},[61,24998,1010],{"class":310},[61,25000,106],{"class":93},[61,25002,311],{"class":310},[61,25004,9331],{"class":314},[61,25006,1010],{"class":310},[61,25008,1314],{"class":93},[61,25010,7825],{"class":75},[61,25012,106],{"class":93},[61,25014,311],{"class":310},[61,25016,15356],{"class":314},[61,25018,1010],{"class":310},[61,25020,1314],{"class":93},[61,25022,311],{"class":310},[61,25024,25025],{"class":314},"Math",[61,25027,1010],{"class":310},[61,25029,1324],{"class":93},[61,25031,25032],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25033,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,25035,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,25037,5996],{"class":672},[61,25039,18236],{"class":67},[61,25041,3924],{"class":672},[61,25043,12932],{"class":67},[61,25045,229],{"class":93},[61,25047,16950],{"class":102},[61,25049,21623],{"class":93},[61,25051,25052,25054,25056,25058],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,25053,1141],{"class":89},[61,25055,94],{"class":93},[61,25057,14868],{"class":102},[61,25059,258],{"class":93},[20,25061,25062],{},[3784,25063,345],{},[52,25065,25067],{"className":54,"code":25066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25068,25069,25074,25079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25070,25071],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25072,25073],{"class":67},"name\n",[61,25075,25076],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25077,25078],{"class":67},"age\n",[61,25080,25081],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,25082,25083],{"class":67},"course\n",[20,25085,25086],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[52,25088,25090],{"className":54,"code":25089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25091,25092,25104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25093,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25095,5996],{"class":672},[61,25097,18236],{"class":67},[61,25099,3924],{"class":672},[61,25101,12932],{"class":67},[61,25103,6433],{"class":93},[61,25105,25106,25108,25110,25112],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25107,1141],{"class":89},[61,25109,94],{"class":93},[61,25111,14868],{"class":102},[61,25113,258],{"class":93},[20,25115,25116,25117,25120],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25118,25119],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[47,25122,5001,25124],{"id":25123},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25125,17092],{},[20,25127,143,25128,10630],{},[15,25129,17092],{},[164,25131,25132,25135,25138],{},[167,25133,25134],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[167,25136,25137],{},"you want to display available fields",[167,25139,25140],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25142,295],{},[52,25144,25146],{"className":54,"code":25145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25147,25148,25201,25205,25220,25237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25149,25150,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25170,25172,25174,25176,25179,25181,25183,25186,25188,25190,25193,25195,25197,25199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25151,25152],{"class":67},"product ",[61,25154,72],{"class":71},[61,25156,1305],{"class":93},[61,25158,1010],{"class":310},[61,25160,335],{"class":314},[61,25162,1010],{"class":310},[61,25164,1314],{"class":93},[61,25166,311],{"class":310},[61,25168,25169],{"class":314},"Book",[61,25171,1010],{"class":310},[61,25173,106],{"class":93},[61,25175,311],{"class":310},[61,25177,25178],{"class":314},"price",[61,25180,1010],{"class":310},[61,25182,1314],{"class":93},[61,25184,25185],{"class":75}," 12.99",[61,25187,106],{"class":93},[61,25189,311],{"class":310},[61,25191,25192],{"class":314},"stock",[61,25194,1010],{"class":310},[61,25196,1314],{"class":93},[61,25198,4644],{"class":75},[61,25200,1324],{"class":93},[61,25202,25203],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25204,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,25206,25207,25209,25211,25213,25216,25218],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,25208,90],{"class":89},[61,25210,94],{"class":93},[61,25212,1010],{"class":310},[61,25214,25215],{"class":314},"Available fields:",[61,25217,1010],{"class":310},[61,25219,258],{"class":93},[61,25221,25222,25224,25226,25228,25231,25233,25235],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,25223,5996],{"class":672},[61,25225,18236],{"class":67},[61,25227,3924],{"class":672},[61,25229,25230],{"class":67}," product",[61,25232,229],{"class":93},[61,25234,16950],{"class":102},[61,25236,21623],{"class":93},[61,25238,25239,25241,25243,25245],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,25240,1141],{"class":89},[61,25242,94],{"class":93},[61,25244,14868],{"class":102},[61,25246,258],{"class":93},[20,25248,25249],{},[3784,25250,345],{},[52,25252,25254],{"className":54,"code":25253,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25255,25256,25263,25267,25272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25257,25258,25261],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25259,25260],{"class":67},"Available fields",[61,25262,6433],{"class":93},[61,25264,25265],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25266,25073],{"class":67},[61,25268,25269],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,25270,25271],{"class":67},"price\n",[61,25273,25274],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,25275,25276],{"class":67},"stock\n",[20,25278,25279],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[52,25281,25283],{"className":54,"code":25282,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25284,25285,25321,25325],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25286,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317,25319],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25288,25152],{"class":67},[61,25290,72],{"class":71},[61,25292,1305],{"class":93},[61,25294,1010],{"class":310},[61,25296,335],{"class":314},[61,25298,1010],{"class":310},[61,25300,1314],{"class":93},[61,25302,311],{"class":310},[61,25304,25169],{"class":314},[61,25306,1010],{"class":310},[61,25308,106],{"class":93},[61,25310,311],{"class":310},[61,25312,25178],{"class":314},[61,25314,1010],{"class":310},[61,25316,1314],{"class":93},[61,25318,25185],{"class":75},[61,25320,1324],{"class":93},[61,25322,25323],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25324,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,25326,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341,25343,25345],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,25328,90],{"class":89},[61,25330,94],{"class":93},[61,25332,1010],{"class":310},[61,25334,335],{"class":314},[61,25336,1010],{"class":310},[61,25338,21201],{"class":672},[61,25340,25230],{"class":102},[61,25342,229],{"class":93},[61,25344,16950],{"class":102},[61,25346,7228],{"class":93},[20,25348,25349,25350,229],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25351,30],{},[20,25353,25354],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[52,25356,25358],{"className":54,"code":25357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25359,25360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25361,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25363,90],{"class":89},[61,25365,94],{"class":93},[61,25367,1010],{"class":310},[61,25369,335],{"class":314},[61,25371,1010],{"class":310},[61,25373,21201],{"class":672},[61,25375,25230],{"class":102},[61,25377,258],{"class":93},[20,25379,25380,25381,229],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[221,25382,21234],{"href":17179},[47,25384,25386],{"id":25385},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25388,25389,25390,229],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25391,17092],{},[260,25393,8485,25395,25397],{"id":25394},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25396,17092],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25399,25400,25402],{},[15,25401,17092],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25404,295],{},[52,25406,25408],{"className":54,"code":25407,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25409,25410,25446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25411,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25413,9199],{"class":67},[61,25415,72],{"class":71},[61,25417,1305],{"class":93},[61,25419,1010],{"class":310},[61,25421,335],{"class":314},[61,25423,1010],{"class":310},[61,25425,1314],{"class":93},[61,25427,311],{"class":310},[61,25429,1319],{"class":314},[61,25431,1010],{"class":310},[61,25433,106],{"class":93},[61,25435,311],{"class":310},[61,25437,9331],{"class":314},[61,25439,1010],{"class":310},[61,25441,1314],{"class":93},[61,25443,7825],{"class":75},[61,25445,1324],{"class":93},[61,25447,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25449,90],{"class":89},[61,25451,94],{"class":93},[61,25453,9237],{"class":102},[61,25455,229],{"class":93},[61,25457,16950],{"class":102},[61,25459,7228],{"class":93},[20,25461,25462],{},[3784,25463,345],{},[52,25465,25467],{"className":54,"code":25466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25468,25469],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25470,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25472,17041],{"class":102},[61,25474,3032],{"class":93},[61,25476,3348],{"class":310},[61,25478,335],{"class":314},[61,25480,3348],{"class":310},[61,25482,106],{"class":93},[61,25484,3343],{"class":310},[61,25486,9331],{"class":314},[61,25488,3348],{"class":310},[61,25490,1365],{"class":93},[20,25492,25493,25494,229],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[221,25495,25496],{"href":17101},[15,25497,17104],{},[260,25499,25501,25502],{"id":25500},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25503,17041],{},[20,25505,25506],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[52,25508,25510],{"className":54,"code":25509,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25511,25512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25513,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25515,1356],{"class":93},[61,25517,3348],{"class":310},[61,25519,335],{"class":314},[61,25521,3348],{"class":310},[61,25523,106],{"class":93},[61,25525,3343],{"class":310},[61,25527,9331],{"class":314},[61,25529,3348],{"class":310},[61,25531,1115],{"class":93},[20,25533,25534,25535,25537],{},"But ",[15,25536,17092],{}," returns:",[52,25539,25540],{"className":54,"code":25466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,25541,25542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25543,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25545,17041],{"class":102},[61,25547,3032],{"class":93},[61,25549,3348],{"class":310},[61,25551,335],{"class":314},[61,25553,3348],{"class":310},[61,25555,106],{"class":93},[61,25557,3343],{"class":310},[61,25559,9331],{"class":314},[61,25561,3348],{"class":310},[61,25563,1365],{"class":93},[20,25565,25566],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[52,25568,25570],{"className":54,"code":25569,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25571,25572,25608,25627,25631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25573,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25575,9199],{"class":67},[61,25577,72],{"class":71},[61,25579,1305],{"class":93},[61,25581,1010],{"class":310},[61,25583,335],{"class":314},[61,25585,1010],{"class":310},[61,25587,1314],{"class":93},[61,25589,311],{"class":310},[61,25591,1319],{"class":314},[61,25593,1010],{"class":310},[61,25595,106],{"class":93},[61,25597,311],{"class":310},[61,25599,9331],{"class":314},[61,25601,1010],{"class":310},[61,25603,1314],{"class":93},[61,25605,7825],{"class":75},[61,25607,1324],{"class":93},[61,25609,25610,25613,25615,25617,25619,25621,25623,25625],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25611,25612],{"class":67},"key_list ",[61,25614,72],{"class":71},[61,25616,605],{"class":109},[61,25618,94],{"class":93},[61,25620,9237],{"class":102},[61,25622,229],{"class":93},[61,25624,16950],{"class":102},[61,25626,7228],{"class":93},[61,25628,25629],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,25630,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,25632,25633,25635,25637,25640],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,25634,90],{"class":89},[61,25636,94],{"class":93},[61,25638,25639],{"class":102},"key_list",[61,25641,258],{"class":93},[260,25643,25645,25646,25648],{"id":25644},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25647,17092],{}," on a list or string",[20,25650,25651,25653],{},[15,25652,17092],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25655,2885],{},[52,25657,25659],{"className":54,"code":25658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25660,25661,25681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25662,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25664,3661],{"class":67},[61,25666,72],{"class":71},[61,25668,1088],{"class":93},[61,25670,3035],{"class":75},[61,25672,106],{"class":93},[61,25674,3040],{"class":75},[61,25676,106],{"class":93},[61,25678,1020],{"class":75},[61,25680,1115],{"class":93},[61,25682,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25684,90],{"class":89},[61,25686,94],{"class":93},[61,25688,3691],{"class":102},[61,25690,229],{"class":93},[61,25692,16950],{"class":102},[61,25694,7228],{"class":93},[20,25696,25697,25698,25701,25702,25704,25705,229],{},"You may get an ",[15,25699,25700],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25703,17092],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[221,25706,25708,25709,25712],{"href":25707},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25710,25711],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[260,25714,25716],{"id":25715},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25718,25719],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[52,25721,25723],{"className":54,"code":25722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25724,25725,25749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25726,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25728,9199],{"class":67},[61,25730,72],{"class":71},[61,25732,1305],{"class":93},[61,25734,1010],{"class":310},[61,25736,335],{"class":314},[61,25738,1010],{"class":310},[61,25740,1314],{"class":93},[61,25742,311],{"class":310},[61,25744,1319],{"class":314},[61,25746,1010],{"class":310},[61,25748,1324],{"class":93},[61,25750,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25752,90],{"class":89},[61,25754,94],{"class":93},[61,25756,9237],{"class":102},[61,25758,229],{"class":93},[61,25760,16950],{"class":24778},[61,25762,258],{"class":93},[20,25764,25765],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25767,18722],{},[52,25769,25771],{"className":54,"code":25770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25772,25773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25774,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25776,90],{"class":89},[61,25778,94],{"class":93},[61,25780,9237],{"class":102},[61,25782,229],{"class":93},[61,25784,16950],{"class":102},[61,25786,7228],{"class":93},[47,25788,2878],{"id":2877},[20,25790,25791,25792,1314],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25793,17092],{},[164,25795,25796,25801,25806,25812],{},[167,25797,8449,25798,25800],{},[15,25799,17092],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[167,25802,1564,25803,25805],{},[15,25804,17092],{}," returns values too",[167,25807,25808,25809,25811],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25810,17041],{}," like a normal list",[167,25813,25814,25815,25817],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25816,17041],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25819,25820],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[52,25822,25824],{"className":54,"code":25823,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25825,25826,25858,25872,25876,25886],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25827,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25829,9199],{"class":67},[61,25831,72],{"class":71},[61,25833,1305],{"class":93},[61,25835,1010],{"class":310},[61,25837,221],{"class":314},[61,25839,1010],{"class":310},[61,25841,1314],{"class":93},[61,25843,5535],{"class":75},[61,25845,106],{"class":93},[61,25847,311],{"class":310},[61,25849,1101],{"class":314},[61,25851,1010],{"class":310},[61,25853,1314],{"class":93},[61,25855,3040],{"class":75},[61,25857,1324],{"class":93},[61,25859,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25861,17268],{"class":67},[61,25863,72],{"class":71},[61,25865,14593],{"class":67},[61,25867,229],{"class":93},[61,25869,16950],{"class":102},[61,25871,8676],{"class":93},[61,25873,25874],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,25875,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,25877,25878,25880,25882,25884],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,25879,90],{"class":89},[61,25881,94],{"class":93},[61,25883,16950],{"class":102},[61,25885,258],{"class":93},[61,25887,25888],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,25889,25890],{"class":116},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25892,25893],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[52,25895,25897],{"className":54,"code":25896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25898,25899,25931,25949,25953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25900,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25902,9199],{"class":67},[61,25904,72],{"class":71},[61,25906,1305],{"class":93},[61,25908,1010],{"class":310},[61,25910,221],{"class":314},[61,25912,1010],{"class":310},[61,25914,1314],{"class":93},[61,25916,5535],{"class":75},[61,25918,106],{"class":93},[61,25920,311],{"class":310},[61,25922,1101],{"class":314},[61,25924,1010],{"class":310},[61,25926,1314],{"class":93},[61,25928,3040],{"class":75},[61,25930,1324],{"class":93},[61,25932,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25934,17268],{"class":67},[61,25936,72],{"class":71},[61,25938,605],{"class":109},[61,25940,94],{"class":93},[61,25942,9237],{"class":102},[61,25944,229],{"class":93},[61,25946,16950],{"class":102},[61,25948,7228],{"class":93},[61,25950,25951],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,25952,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,25954,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,25956,90],{"class":89},[61,25958,94],{"class":93},[61,25960,16950],{"class":102},[61,25962,1356],{"class":93},[61,25964,2175],{"class":75},[61,25966,1365],{"class":93},[47,25968,1731],{"id":1730},[20,25970,11142],{},[52,25972,25974],{"className":54,"code":25973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25975,25976,25990,26000,26014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25977,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25979,90],{"class":89},[61,25981,94],{"class":93},[61,25983,657],{"class":109},[61,25985,94],{"class":93},[61,25987,11479],{"class":102},[61,25989,342],{"class":93},[61,25991,25992,25994,25996,25998],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,25993,90],{"class":89},[61,25995,94],{"class":93},[61,25997,11479],{"class":102},[61,25999,258],{"class":93},[61,26001,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,26003,90],{"class":89},[61,26005,94],{"class":93},[61,26007,11479],{"class":102},[61,26009,229],{"class":93},[61,26011,16950],{"class":102},[61,26013,7228],{"class":93},[61,26015,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,26017,90],{"class":89},[61,26019,94],{"class":93},[61,26021,192],{"class":109},[61,26023,94],{"class":93},[61,26025,11479],{"class":102},[61,26027,229],{"class":93},[61,26029,16950],{"class":102},[61,26031,6329],{"class":93},[20,26033,26034],{},"These help you confirm:",[164,26036,26037,26040,26043,26048],{},[167,26038,26039],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[167,26041,26042],{},"what data it contains",[167,26044,26045,26046,11732],{},"what ",[15,26047,17092],{},[167,26049,26050],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[47,26052,1879],{"id":1878},[260,26054,23946,26056,1886],{"id":26055},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26057,17092],{},[20,26059,17448,26060,26062],{},[15,26061,17041],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[260,26064,14930,26066,26069],{"id":26065},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26067,26068],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26071,26072,26073,26075,26076,229],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26074,17041],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26077,26078],{},"list(dict.keys())",[260,26080,26082,26083,1916],{"id":26081},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26084,26068],{},[20,26086,26087,26088,26090],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26089,5996],{}," loop.",[260,26092,26094,26095,26097],{"id":26093},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26096,17092],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26099,26100,26101,26103],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26102,17092],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[260,26105,26107],{"id":26106},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26109,143,26110,229],{},[15,26111,26112],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[47,26114,1938],{"id":1937},[164,26116,26117,26122,26128,26134,26140,26144],{},[167,26118,26119],{},[221,26120,26121],{"href":9422},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[167,26123,26124],{},[221,26125,10766,26126,10770],{"href":17095},[15,26127,17098],{},[167,26129,26130],{},[221,26131,10766,26132,10770],{"href":17101},[15,26133,17104],{},[167,26135,26136],{},[221,26137,26139],{"href":26138},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[167,26141,26142],{},[221,26143,17180],{"href":17179},[167,26145,26146],{},[221,26147,26148,26149,25712],{"href":25707},"How to fix ",[15,26150,25711],{},[1969,26152,26153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":26155},[26156,26157,26159,26160,26161,26162,26163,26165,26174,26175,26176,26187],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":24277,"depth":79,"text":26158},"What keys() does",{"id":5824,"depth":79,"text":5825},{"id":5467,"depth":79,"text":5468},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":24967,"depth":79,"text":24968},{"id":25123,"depth":79,"text":26164},"When to use keys()",{"id":25385,"depth":79,"text":25386,"children":26166},[26167,26169,26171,26173],{"id":25394,"depth":86,"text":26168},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25500,"depth":86,"text":26170},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25644,"depth":86,"text":26172},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25715,"depth":86,"text":25716},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1730,"depth":79,"text":1731},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":26177},[26178,26180,26182,26184,26186],{"id":26055,"depth":86,"text":26179},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26065,"depth":86,"text":26181},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26081,"depth":86,"text":26183},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26093,"depth":86,"text":26185},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26106,"depth":86,"text":26107},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24099,"description":26188},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26194,"title":26195,"body":26196,"description":28469,"extension":2017,"meta":28470,"navigation":82,"path":28471,"seo":28472,"stem":28473,"__hash__":28474},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26197,"toc":28422},[26198,26203,26208,26211,26213,26359,26372,26377,26381,26395,26397,26500,26509,26511,26514,26552,26577,26579,26686,26688,26695,26698,26706,26708,26849,26857,26862,26866,26877,26879,27041,27044,27052,27059,27065,27162,27168,27245,27248,27260,27265,27271,27274,27278,27367,27370,27374,27478,27485,27572,27581,27583,27588,27594,27597,27643,27646,27712,27721,27727,27820,27826,27832,27875,27878,27943,27949,28041,28044,28048,28054,28079,28082,28178,28185,28187,28192,28283,28285,28313,28318,28320,28327,28330,28334,28344,28349,28352,28359,28369,28376,28384,28386,28419],[10,26199,11348,26201,11352],{"id":26200},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26202,12789],{},[20,26204,26205,26207],{},[15,26206,12596],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26209,26210],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[47,26212,50],{"id":49},[52,26214,26216],{"className":54,"code":26215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26217,26218,26254,26278,26292,26305,26309,26314,26346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26219,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26221,13231],{"class":67},[61,26223,72],{"class":71},[61,26225,1305],{"class":93},[61,26227,1010],{"class":310},[61,26229,335],{"class":314},[61,26231,1010],{"class":310},[61,26233,1314],{"class":93},[61,26235,311],{"class":310},[61,26237,1319],{"class":314},[61,26239,1010],{"class":310},[61,26241,106],{"class":93},[61,26243,311],{"class":310},[61,26245,9331],{"class":314},[61,26247,1010],{"class":310},[61,26249,1314],{"class":93},[61,26251,9338],{"class":75},[61,26253,1324],{"class":93},[61,26255,26256,26259,26261,26263,26265,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,26257,26258],{"class":67},"removed_age ",[61,26260,72],{"class":71},[61,26262,13274],{"class":67},[61,26264,229],{"class":93},[61,26266,26267],{"class":102},"pop",[61,26269,94],{"class":93},[61,26271,1010],{"class":310},[61,26273,9331],{"class":314},[61,26275,1010],{"class":310},[61,26277,258],{"class":93},[61,26279,26280,26282,26284,26287,26289],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,26281,90],{"class":89},[61,26283,94],{"class":93},[61,26285,26286],{"class":102},"removed_age",[61,26288,664],{"class":93},[61,26290,26291],{"class":116},"   # 25\n",[61,26293,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,26295,90],{"class":89},[61,26297,94],{"class":93},[61,26299,17333],{"class":102},[61,26301,664],{"class":93},[61,26303,26304],{"class":116},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[61,26306,26307],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,26308,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,26310,26311],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,26312,26313],{"class":116},"# Safe version with default value\n",[61,26315,26316,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26342,26344],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,26317,26318],{"class":67},"country ",[61,26320,72],{"class":71},[61,26322,13274],{"class":67},[61,26324,229],{"class":93},[61,26326,26267],{"class":102},[61,26328,94],{"class":93},[61,26330,1010],{"class":310},[61,26332,15289],{"class":314},[61,26334,1010],{"class":310},[61,26336,106],{"class":93},[61,26338,311],{"class":310},[61,26340,26341],{"class":314},"Not found",[61,26343,1010],{"class":310},[61,26345,258],{"class":93},[61,26347,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,26349,90],{"class":89},[61,26351,94],{"class":93},[61,26353,15289],{"class":102},[61,26355,664],{"class":93},[61,26357,26358],{"class":116},"       # Not found\n",[20,26360,143,26361,26364,26365,26368,26369,26371],{},[15,26362,26363],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26366,26367],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26370,19714],{}," when the key might not exist.",[47,26373,151,26375,154],{"id":26374},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26376,12596],{},[20,26378,26379,1314],{},[15,26380,12596],{},[164,26382,26383,26386,26389,26392],{},[167,26384,26385],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[167,26387,26388],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[167,26390,26391],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[167,26393,26394],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26396,295],{},[52,26398,26400],{"className":54,"code":26399,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26401,26402,26442,26446,26469,26473,26487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26403,26404,26406,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26405,11516],{"class":67},[61,26407,72],{"class":71},[61,26409,1305],{"class":93},[61,26411,1010],{"class":310},[61,26413,335],{"class":314},[61,26415,1010],{"class":310},[61,26417,1314],{"class":93},[61,26419,311],{"class":310},[61,26421,13248],{"class":314},[61,26423,1010],{"class":310},[61,26425,106],{"class":93},[61,26427,311],{"class":310},[61,26429,10440],{"class":314},[61,26431,1010],{"class":310},[61,26433,1314],{"class":93},[61,26435,311],{"class":310},[61,26437,10447],{"class":314},[61,26439,1010],{"class":310},[61,26441,1324],{"class":93},[61,26443,26444],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,26445,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,26447,26448,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,26449,26450],{"class":67},"removed_city ",[61,26452,72],{"class":71},[61,26454,11598],{"class":67},[61,26456,229],{"class":93},[61,26458,26267],{"class":102},[61,26460,94],{"class":93},[61,26462,1010],{"class":310},[61,26464,10440],{"class":314},[61,26466,1010],{"class":310},[61,26468,258],{"class":93},[61,26470,26471],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,26472,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,26474,26475,26477,26479,26482,26484],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,26476,90],{"class":89},[61,26478,94],{"class":93},[61,26480,26481],{"class":102},"removed_city",[61,26483,664],{"class":93},[61,26485,26486],{"class":116},"  # Paris\n",[61,26488,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,26490,90],{"class":89},[61,26492,94],{"class":93},[61,26494,11609],{"class":102},[61,26496,664],{"class":93},[61,26498,26499],{"class":116},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26501,20798,26502,26505,26506,229],{},[15,26503,26504],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26507,26508],{},"\"Paris\"",[47,26510,233],{"id":232},[20,26512,26513],{},"There are two common forms:",[52,26515,26517],{"className":54,"code":26516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26518,26519,26533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26520,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26522,11479],{"class":67},[61,26524,229],{"class":93},[61,26526,26267],{"class":102},[61,26528,94],{"class":93},[61,26530,14868],{"class":102},[61,26532,258],{"class":93},[61,26534,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26550],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,26536,11479],{"class":67},[61,26538,229],{"class":93},[61,26540,26267],{"class":102},[61,26542,94],{"class":93},[61,26544,14868],{"class":102},[61,26546,106],{"class":93},[61,26548,26549],{"class":102}," default",[61,26551,258],{"class":93},[164,26553,26554,26560,26568,26574],{},[167,26555,26556,26559],{},[15,26557,26558],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[167,26561,26562,26564,26565,26567],{},[15,26563,26558],{}," raises ",[15,26566,19714],{}," if the key is missing",[167,26569,26570,26573],{},[15,26571,26572],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[167,26575,26576],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26578,295],{},[52,26580,26582],{"className":54,"code":26581,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26583,26584,26616,26620,26645,26673],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26585,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26587,5104],{"class":67},[61,26589,72],{"class":71},[61,26591,1305],{"class":93},[61,26593,1010],{"class":310},[61,26595,18444],{"class":314},[61,26597,1010],{"class":310},[61,26599,1314],{"class":93},[61,26601,19925],{"class":75},[61,26603,106],{"class":93},[61,26605,311],{"class":310},[61,26607,18453],{"class":314},[61,26609,1010],{"class":310},[61,26611,1314],{"class":93},[61,26613,13534],{"class":75},[61,26615,1324],{"class":93},[61,26617,26618],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,26619,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,26621,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,26623,90],{"class":89},[61,26625,94],{"class":93},[61,26627,16417],{"class":102},[61,26629,229],{"class":93},[61,26631,26267],{"class":102},[61,26633,94],{"class":93},[61,26635,1010],{"class":310},[61,26637,18444],{"class":314},[61,26639,1010],{"class":310},[61,26641,113],{"class":93},[61,26643,26644],{"class":116},"         # 90\n",[61,26646,26647,26649,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,26648,90],{"class":89},[61,26650,94],{"class":93},[61,26652,16417],{"class":102},[61,26654,229],{"class":93},[61,26656,26267],{"class":102},[61,26658,94],{"class":93},[61,26660,1010],{"class":310},[61,26662,18462],{"class":314},[61,26664,1010],{"class":310},[61,26666,106],{"class":93},[61,26668,3876],{"class":75},[61,26670,113],{"class":93},[61,26672,20795],{"class":116},[61,26674,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,26676,90],{"class":89},[61,26678,94],{"class":93},[61,26680,16417],{"class":102},[61,26682,664],{"class":93},[61,26684,26685],{"class":116},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[47,26687,17445],{"id":17444},[20,26689,26690,14080,26692,26694],{},[15,26691,12789],{},[3784,26693,4670],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26696,26697],{},"Instead, it returns:",[164,26699,26700,26703],{},[167,26701,26702],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[167,26704,26705],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26707,295],{},[52,26709,26711],{"className":54,"code":26710,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26712,26713,26745,26749,26772,26804,26808,26822,26836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26714,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26716,9199],{"class":67},[61,26718,72],{"class":71},[61,26720,1305],{"class":93},[61,26722,1010],{"class":310},[61,26724,221],{"class":314},[61,26726,1010],{"class":310},[61,26728,1314],{"class":93},[61,26730,6043],{"class":75},[61,26732,106],{"class":93},[61,26734,311],{"class":310},[61,26736,1101],{"class":314},[61,26738,1010],{"class":310},[61,26740,1314],{"class":93},[61,26742,7825],{"class":75},[61,26744,1324],{"class":93},[61,26746,26747],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,26748,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,26750,26751,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,26752,26753],{"class":67},"result1 ",[61,26755,72],{"class":71},[61,26757,14593],{"class":67},[61,26759,229],{"class":93},[61,26761,26267],{"class":102},[61,26763,94],{"class":93},[61,26765,1010],{"class":310},[61,26767,221],{"class":314},[61,26769,1010],{"class":310},[61,26771,258],{"class":93},[61,26773,26774,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26800,26802],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,26775,26776],{"class":67},"result2 ",[61,26778,72],{"class":71},[61,26780,14593],{"class":67},[61,26782,229],{"class":93},[61,26784,26267],{"class":102},[61,26786,94],{"class":93},[61,26788,1010],{"class":310},[61,26790,1110],{"class":314},[61,26792,1010],{"class":310},[61,26794,106],{"class":93},[61,26796,311],{"class":310},[61,26798,26799],{"class":314},"missing",[61,26801,1010],{"class":310},[61,26803,258],{"class":93},[61,26805,26806],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,26807,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,26809,26810,26812,26814,26817,26819],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,26811,90],{"class":89},[61,26813,94],{"class":93},[61,26815,26816],{"class":102},"result1",[61,26818,664],{"class":93},[61,26820,26821],{"class":116},"  # 10\n",[61,26823,26824,26826,26828,26831,26833],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,26825,90],{"class":89},[61,26827,94],{"class":93},[61,26829,26830],{"class":102},"result2",[61,26832,664],{"class":93},[61,26834,26835],{"class":116},"  # missing\n",[61,26837,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,26839,90],{"class":89},[61,26841,94],{"class":93},[61,26843,9237],{"class":102},[61,26845,664],{"class":93},[61,26847,26848],{"class":116},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26850,26851,26852,1649],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[221,26853,26854],{"href":10765},[15,26855,26856],{},"dict.get()",[47,26858,5001,26860],{"id":26859},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26861,12789],{},[20,26863,143,26864,10630],{},[15,26865,12789],{},[164,26867,26868,26871,26874],{},[167,26869,26870],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[167,26872,26873],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[167,26875,26876],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26878,295],{},[52,26880,26882],{"className":54,"code":26881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26883,26884,26936,26940,26967,26971,26995,26999,27013,27027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26885,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26920,26922,26924,26927,26929,26931,26934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26887,25152],{"class":67},[61,26889,72],{"class":71},[61,26891,1305],{"class":93},[61,26893,1010],{"class":310},[61,26895,335],{"class":314},[61,26897,1010],{"class":310},[61,26899,1314],{"class":93},[61,26901,311],{"class":310},[61,26903,26904],{"class":314},"Laptop",[61,26906,1010],{"class":310},[61,26908,106],{"class":93},[61,26910,311],{"class":310},[61,26912,25178],{"class":314},[61,26914,1010],{"class":310},[61,26916,1314],{"class":93},[61,26918,26919],{"class":75}," 1200",[61,26921,106],{"class":93},[61,26923,311],{"class":310},[61,26925,26926],{"class":314},"discount",[61,26928,1010],{"class":310},[61,26930,1314],{"class":93},[61,26932,26933],{"class":75}," 200",[61,26935,1324],{"class":93},[61,26937,26938],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,26939,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,26941,26942,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,26943,26944],{"class":67},"discount_amount ",[61,26946,72],{"class":71},[61,26948,25230],{"class":67},[61,26950,229],{"class":93},[61,26952,26267],{"class":102},[61,26954,94],{"class":93},[61,26956,1010],{"class":310},[61,26958,26926],{"class":314},[61,26960,1010],{"class":310},[61,26962,106],{"class":93},[61,26964,3876],{"class":75},[61,26966,258],{"class":93},[61,26968,26969],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,26970,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,26972,26973,26976,26978,26980,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,26974,26975],{"class":67},"final_price ",[61,26977,72],{"class":71},[61,26979,25230],{"class":67},[61,26981,1356],{"class":93},[61,26983,1010],{"class":310},[61,26985,25178],{"class":314},[61,26987,1010],{"class":310},[61,26989,13300],{"class":93},[61,26991,2274],{"class":71},[61,26993,26994],{"class":67}," discount_amount\n",[61,26996,26997],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,26998,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27000,27001,27003,27005,27008,27010],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,27002,90],{"class":89},[61,27004,94],{"class":93},[61,27006,27007],{"class":102},"discount_amount",[61,27009,664],{"class":93},[61,27011,27012],{"class":116},"  # 200\n",[61,27014,27015,27017,27019,27022,27024],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,27016,90],{"class":89},[61,27018,94],{"class":93},[61,27020,27021],{"class":102},"final_price",[61,27023,664],{"class":93},[61,27025,27026],{"class":116},"      # 1000\n",[61,27028,27029,27031,27033,27036,27038],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,27030,90],{"class":89},[61,27032,94],{"class":93},[61,27034,27035],{"class":102},"product",[61,27037,664],{"class":93},[61,27039,27040],{"class":116},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27042,27043],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[47,27045,27047,741,27049],{"id":27046},"pop-vs-del",[15,27048,12789],{},[15,27050,27051],{},"del",[20,27053,746,27054,749,27056,27058],{},[15,27055,12789],{},[15,27057,27051],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[260,27060,143,27062,27064],{"id":27061},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27063,12789],{}," when you need the removed value",[52,27066,27068],{"className":54,"code":27067,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27069,27070,27106,27110,27132,27136,27149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27071,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27073,13231],{"class":67},[61,27075,72],{"class":71},[61,27077,1305],{"class":93},[61,27079,1010],{"class":310},[61,27081,335],{"class":314},[61,27083,1010],{"class":310},[61,27085,1314],{"class":93},[61,27087,311],{"class":310},[61,27089,1319],{"class":314},[61,27091,1010],{"class":310},[61,27093,106],{"class":93},[61,27095,311],{"class":310},[61,27097,9331],{"class":314},[61,27099,1010],{"class":310},[61,27101,1314],{"class":93},[61,27103,9338],{"class":75},[61,27105,1324],{"class":93},[61,27107,27108],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27109,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27111,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27113,21656],{"class":67},[61,27115,72],{"class":71},[61,27117,13274],{"class":67},[61,27119,229],{"class":93},[61,27121,26267],{"class":102},[61,27123,94],{"class":93},[61,27125,1010],{"class":310},[61,27127,9331],{"class":314},[61,27129,1010],{"class":310},[61,27131,258],{"class":93},[61,27133,27134],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,27135,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27137,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,27139,90],{"class":89},[61,27141,94],{"class":93},[61,27143,9331],{"class":102},[61,27145,664],{"class":93},[61,27147,27148],{"class":116},"     # 25\n",[61,27150,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,27152,90],{"class":89},[61,27154,94],{"class":93},[61,27156,17333],{"class":102},[61,27158,664],{"class":93},[61,27160,27161],{"class":116},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[260,27163,143,27165,27167],{"id":27164},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27166,27051],{}," when you only want deletion",[52,27169,27171],{"className":54,"code":27170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27172,27173,27209,27213,27229,27233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27174,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27176,13231],{"class":67},[61,27178,72],{"class":71},[61,27180,1305],{"class":93},[61,27182,1010],{"class":310},[61,27184,335],{"class":314},[61,27186,1010],{"class":310},[61,27188,1314],{"class":93},[61,27190,311],{"class":310},[61,27192,1319],{"class":314},[61,27194,1010],{"class":310},[61,27196,106],{"class":93},[61,27198,311],{"class":310},[61,27200,9331],{"class":314},[61,27202,1010],{"class":310},[61,27204,1314],{"class":93},[61,27206,9338],{"class":75},[61,27208,1324],{"class":93},[61,27210,27211],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27212,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27214,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27216,27051],{"class":672},[61,27218,13274],{"class":67},[61,27220,1356],{"class":93},[61,27222,1010],{"class":310},[61,27224,9331],{"class":314},[61,27226,1010],{"class":310},[61,27228,1115],{"class":93},[61,27230,27231],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,27232,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27234,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,27236,90],{"class":89},[61,27238,94],{"class":93},[61,27240,17333],{"class":102},[61,27242,664],{"class":93},[61,27244,27161],{"class":116},[20,27246,27247],{},"Difference:",[164,27249,27250,27255],{},[167,27251,27252,27254],{},[15,27253,12789],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[167,27256,27257,27259],{},[15,27258,27051],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27261,27262,27263,229],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[221,27264,12601],{"href":12600},[47,27266,27268,27269],{"id":27267},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27270,19714],{},[20,27272,27273],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[260,27275,27277],{"id":27276},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[52,27279,27281],{"className":54,"code":27280,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27282,27283,27308,27312,27338,27342,27354],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27284,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27304,27306],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27286,11751],{"class":67},[61,27288,72],{"class":71},[61,27290,1305],{"class":93},[61,27292,1010],{"class":310},[61,27294,335],{"class":314},[61,27296,1010],{"class":310},[61,27298,1314],{"class":93},[61,27300,311],{"class":310},[61,27302,27303],{"class":314},"Sara",[61,27305,1010],{"class":310},[61,27307,1324],{"class":93},[61,27309,27310],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27311,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27313,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27315,68],{"class":67},[61,27317,72],{"class":71},[61,27319,11793],{"class":67},[61,27321,229],{"class":93},[61,27323,26267],{"class":102},[61,27325,94],{"class":93},[61,27327,1010],{"class":310},[61,27329,9331],{"class":314},[61,27331,1010],{"class":310},[61,27333,106],{"class":93},[61,27335,3894],{"class":355},[61,27337,258],{"class":93},[61,27339,27340],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,27341,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27343,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,27345,90],{"class":89},[61,27347,94],{"class":93},[61,27349,103],{"class":102},[61,27351,664],{"class":93},[61,27353,20588],{"class":116},[61,27355,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,27357,90],{"class":89},[61,27359,94],{"class":93},[61,27361,11479],{"class":102},[61,27363,664],{"class":93},[61,27365,27366],{"class":116}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27368,27369],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[260,27371,27373],{"id":27372},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[52,27375,27377],{"className":54,"code":27376,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27378,27379,27403,27407,27423,27446,27456,27463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27380,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27382,11751],{"class":67},[61,27384,72],{"class":71},[61,27386,1305],{"class":93},[61,27388,1010],{"class":310},[61,27390,335],{"class":314},[61,27392,1010],{"class":310},[61,27394,1314],{"class":93},[61,27396,311],{"class":310},[61,27398,27303],{"class":314},[61,27400,1010],{"class":310},[61,27402,1324],{"class":93},[61,27404,27405],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27406,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27408,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27410,1124],{"class":672},[61,27412,311],{"class":310},[61,27414,9331],{"class":314},[61,27416,1010],{"class":310},[61,27418,21201],{"class":71},[61,27420,11793],{"class":67},[61,27422,6433],{"class":93},[61,27424,27425,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,27426,27427],{"class":67},"    value ",[61,27429,72],{"class":71},[61,27431,11793],{"class":67},[61,27433,229],{"class":93},[61,27435,26267],{"class":102},[61,27437,94],{"class":93},[61,27439,1010],{"class":310},[61,27441,9331],{"class":314},[61,27443,1010],{"class":310},[61,27445,258],{"class":93},[61,27447,27448,27450,27452,27454],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,27449,1141],{"class":89},[61,27451,94],{"class":93},[61,27453,103],{"class":102},[61,27455,258],{"class":93},[61,27457,27458,27461],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,27459,27460],{"class":672},"else",[61,27462,6433],{"class":93},[61,27464,27465,27467,27469,27471,27474,27476],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,27466,1141],{"class":89},[61,27468,94],{"class":93},[61,27470,1010],{"class":310},[61,27472,27473],{"class":314},"Key not found",[61,27475,1010],{"class":310},[61,27477,258],{"class":93},[260,27479,27481,27482,27484],{"id":27480},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27483,10769],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[52,27486,27488],{"className":54,"code":27487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27489,27490,27514,27518,27544,27548,27560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27491,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27493,11751],{"class":67},[61,27495,72],{"class":71},[61,27497,1305],{"class":93},[61,27499,1010],{"class":310},[61,27501,335],{"class":314},[61,27503,1010],{"class":310},[61,27505,1314],{"class":93},[61,27507,311],{"class":310},[61,27509,27303],{"class":314},[61,27511,1010],{"class":310},[61,27513,1324],{"class":93},[61,27515,27516],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27517,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27519,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27521,68],{"class":67},[61,27523,72],{"class":71},[61,27525,11793],{"class":67},[61,27527,229],{"class":93},[61,27529,19777],{"class":102},[61,27531,94],{"class":93},[61,27533,1010],{"class":310},[61,27535,9331],{"class":314},[61,27537,1010],{"class":310},[61,27539,106],{"class":93},[61,27541,3894],{"class":355},[61,27543,258],{"class":93},[61,27545,27546],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,27547,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27549,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,27551,90],{"class":89},[61,27553,94],{"class":93},[61,27555,103],{"class":102},[61,27557,664],{"class":93},[61,27559,20588],{"class":116},[61,27561,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,27563,90],{"class":89},[61,27565,94],{"class":93},[61,27567,11479],{"class":102},[61,27569,664],{"class":93},[61,27571,27366],{"class":116},[20,27573,143,27574,27578,27579,229],{},[221,27575,27576],{"href":10765},[15,27577,26856],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[221,27580,11292],{"href":11104},[47,27582,1387],{"id":1386},[20,27584,27585,27586,229],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27587,12596],{},[260,27589,1564,27591,27593],{"id":27590},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27592,12789],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27595,27596],{},"Lists use indexes:",[52,27598,27600],{"className":54,"code":27599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27601,27602,27622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27603,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27605,3661],{"class":67},[61,27607,72],{"class":71},[61,27609,1088],{"class":93},[61,27611,2379],{"class":75},[61,27613,106],{"class":93},[61,27615,7825],{"class":75},[61,27617,106],{"class":93},[61,27619,7830],{"class":75},[61,27621,1115],{"class":93},[61,27623,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27625,90],{"class":89},[61,27627,94],{"class":93},[61,27629,3691],{"class":102},[61,27631,229],{"class":93},[61,27633,26267],{"class":102},[61,27635,94],{"class":93},[61,27637,3035],{"class":75},[61,27639,113],{"class":93},[61,27641,27642],{"class":116},"  # 20\n",[20,27644,27645],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[52,27647,27649],{"className":54,"code":27648,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27650,27651,27687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27652,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27654,13231],{"class":67},[61,27656,72],{"class":71},[61,27658,1305],{"class":93},[61,27660,1010],{"class":310},[61,27662,335],{"class":314},[61,27664,1010],{"class":310},[61,27666,1314],{"class":93},[61,27668,311],{"class":310},[61,27670,1319],{"class":314},[61,27672,1010],{"class":310},[61,27674,106],{"class":93},[61,27676,311],{"class":310},[61,27678,9331],{"class":314},[61,27680,1010],{"class":310},[61,27682,1314],{"class":93},[61,27684,9338],{"class":75},[61,27686,1324],{"class":93},[61,27688,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27690,90],{"class":89},[61,27692,94],{"class":93},[61,27694,17333],{"class":102},[61,27696,229],{"class":93},[61,27698,26267],{"class":102},[61,27700,94],{"class":93},[61,27702,1010],{"class":310},[61,27704,9331],{"class":314},[61,27706,1010],{"class":310},[61,27708,113],{"class":93},[61,27710,27711],{"class":116},"  # 25\n",[20,27713,27714,27715,27717,27718,27720],{},"A dictionary does ",[3784,27716,4670],{}," use positions with ",[15,27719,12789],{},". It uses keys.",[260,27722,4744,27724,27726],{"id":27723},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27725,12789],{}," changes the original dictionary",[52,27728,27730],{"className":54,"code":27729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27731,27732,27764,27768,27790,27794,27807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27733,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27735,9199],{"class":67},[61,27737,72],{"class":71},[61,27739,1305],{"class":93},[61,27741,1010],{"class":310},[61,27743,2228],{"class":314},[61,27745,1010],{"class":310},[61,27747,1314],{"class":93},[61,27749,5535],{"class":75},[61,27751,106],{"class":93},[61,27753,311],{"class":310},[61,27755,11772],{"class":314},[61,27757,1010],{"class":310},[61,27759,1314],{"class":93},[61,27761,3040],{"class":75},[61,27763,1324],{"class":93},[61,27765,27766],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27767,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27769,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27771,68],{"class":67},[61,27773,72],{"class":71},[61,27775,14593],{"class":67},[61,27777,229],{"class":93},[61,27779,26267],{"class":102},[61,27781,94],{"class":93},[61,27783,1010],{"class":310},[61,27785,2228],{"class":314},[61,27787,1010],{"class":310},[61,27789,258],{"class":93},[61,27791,27792],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,27793,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27795,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,27797,90],{"class":89},[61,27799,94],{"class":93},[61,27801,103],{"class":102},[61,27803,664],{"class":93},[61,27805,27806],{"class":116},"  # 1\n",[61,27808,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,27810,90],{"class":89},[61,27812,94],{"class":93},[61,27814,9237],{"class":102},[61,27816,664],{"class":93},[61,27818,27819],{"class":116},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27821,27822,27823,27825],{},"After ",[15,27824,12789],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[260,27827,8449,27829,27831],{"id":27828},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27830,12789],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[52,27833,27835],{"className":54,"code":27834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27836,27837,27861,27865,27870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27838,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27840,9199],{"class":67},[61,27842,72],{"class":71},[61,27844,1305],{"class":93},[61,27846,1010],{"class":310},[61,27848,335],{"class":314},[61,27850,1010],{"class":310},[61,27852,1314],{"class":93},[61,27854,311],{"class":310},[61,27856,7956],{"class":314},[61,27858,1010],{"class":310},[61,27860,1324],{"class":93},[61,27862,27863],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27864,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27866,27867],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27868,27869],{"class":116},"# This causes an error\n",[61,27871,27872],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,27873,27874],{"class":116},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27876,27877],{},"Safer version:",[52,27879,27881],{"className":54,"code":27880,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27882,27883,27907,27911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27884,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27886,9199],{"class":67},[61,27888,72],{"class":71},[61,27890,1305],{"class":93},[61,27892,1010],{"class":310},[61,27894,335],{"class":314},[61,27896,1010],{"class":310},[61,27898,1314],{"class":93},[61,27900,311],{"class":310},[61,27902,7956],{"class":314},[61,27904,1010],{"class":310},[61,27906,1324],{"class":93},[61,27908,27909],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27910,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27912,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27914,90],{"class":89},[61,27916,94],{"class":93},[61,27918,9237],{"class":102},[61,27920,229],{"class":93},[61,27922,26267],{"class":102},[61,27924,94],{"class":93},[61,27926,1010],{"class":310},[61,27928,9331],{"class":314},[61,27930,1010],{"class":310},[61,27932,106],{"class":93},[61,27934,311],{"class":310},[61,27936,26799],{"class":314},[61,27938,1010],{"class":310},[61,27940,113],{"class":93},[61,27942,26835],{"class":116},[260,27944,8485,27946,27948],{"id":27945},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27947,12789],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[52,27950,27952],{"className":54,"code":27951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27953,27954,27986,27990,28012,28016,28028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27955,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27957,9199],{"class":67},[61,27959,72],{"class":71},[61,27961,1305],{"class":93},[61,27963,1010],{"class":310},[61,27965,221],{"class":314},[61,27967,1010],{"class":310},[61,27969,1314],{"class":93},[61,27971,5535],{"class":75},[61,27973,106],{"class":93},[61,27975,311],{"class":310},[61,27977,1101],{"class":314},[61,27979,1010],{"class":310},[61,27981,1314],{"class":93},[61,27983,3040],{"class":75},[61,27985,1324],{"class":93},[61,27987,27988],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,27989,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,27991,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,27993,1593],{"class":67},[61,27995,72],{"class":71},[61,27997,14593],{"class":67},[61,27999,229],{"class":93},[61,28001,26267],{"class":102},[61,28003,94],{"class":93},[61,28005,1010],{"class":310},[61,28007,221],{"class":314},[61,28009,1010],{"class":310},[61,28011,258],{"class":93},[61,28013,28014],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,28015,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,28017,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,28019,90],{"class":89},[61,28021,94],{"class":93},[61,28023,1620],{"class":102},[61,28025,664],{"class":93},[61,28027,27806],{"class":116},[61,28029,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,28031,90],{"class":89},[61,28033,94],{"class":93},[61,28035,9237],{"class":102},[61,28037,664],{"class":93},[61,28039,28040],{"class":116},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28042,28043],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[47,28045,28047],{"id":28046},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28049,28050,28051,28053],{},"Problems with ",[15,28052,12596],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[164,28055,28056,28059,28068,28071],{},[167,28057,28058],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[167,28060,28061,28062,28065,28066],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28063,28064],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28067,26363],{},[167,28069,28070],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[167,28072,28073,28074,1395,28076],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28075,3035],{},[15,28077,28078],{},"\"1\"",[20,28080,28081],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[52,28083,28085],{"className":54,"code":28084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28086,28087,28111,28115,28145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28088,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28090,9199],{"class":67},[61,28092,72],{"class":71},[61,28094,1305],{"class":93},[61,28096,1010],{"class":310},[61,28098,3035],{"class":314},[61,28100,1010],{"class":310},[61,28102,1314],{"class":93},[61,28104,311],{"class":310},[61,28106,6620],{"class":314},[61,28108,1010],{"class":310},[61,28110,1324],{"class":93},[61,28112,28113],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,28114,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,28116,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28138,28140,28142],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,28118,90],{"class":89},[61,28120,94],{"class":93},[61,28122,9237],{"class":102},[61,28124,229],{"class":93},[61,28126,26267],{"class":102},[61,28128,94],{"class":93},[61,28130,3035],{"class":75},[61,28132,106],{"class":93},[61,28134,311],{"class":310},[61,28136,28137],{"class":314},"not found",[61,28139,1010],{"class":310},[61,28141,113],{"class":93},[61,28143,28144],{"class":116},"    # not found\n",[61,28146,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,28148,90],{"class":89},[61,28150,94],{"class":93},[61,28152,9237],{"class":102},[61,28154,229],{"class":93},[61,28156,26267],{"class":102},[61,28158,94],{"class":93},[61,28160,1010],{"class":310},[61,28162,3035],{"class":314},[61,28164,1010],{"class":310},[61,28166,106],{"class":93},[61,28168,311],{"class":310},[61,28170,28137],{"class":314},[61,28172,1010],{"class":310},[61,28174,113],{"class":93},[61,28176,28177],{"class":116},"  # one\n",[20,28179,28180,749,28182,28184],{},[15,28181,3035],{},[15,28183,28078],{}," are different keys.",[47,28186,8905],{"id":8904},[20,28188,8908,28189,28191],{},[15,28190,12789],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,28193,28195],{"className":54,"code":28194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28196,28197,28207,28221,28239,28269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28198,28199,28201,28203,28205],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28200,90],{"class":89},[61,28202,94],{"class":93},[61,28204,11479],{"class":102},[61,28206,258],{"class":93},[61,28208,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,28210,90],{"class":89},[61,28212,94],{"class":93},[61,28214,11479],{"class":102},[61,28216,229],{"class":93},[61,28218,16950],{"class":102},[61,28220,7228],{"class":93},[61,28222,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,28224,90],{"class":89},[61,28226,94],{"class":93},[61,28228,3348],{"class":310},[61,28230,335],{"class":314},[61,28232,3348],{"class":310},[61,28234,21201],{"class":672},[61,28236,11793],{"class":102},[61,28238,258],{"class":93},[61,28240,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,28242,90],{"class":89},[61,28244,94],{"class":93},[61,28246,11479],{"class":102},[61,28248,229],{"class":93},[61,28250,26267],{"class":102},[61,28252,94],{"class":93},[61,28254,3348],{"class":310},[61,28256,335],{"class":314},[61,28258,3348],{"class":310},[61,28260,106],{"class":93},[61,28262,3343],{"class":310},[61,28264,26799],{"class":314},[61,28266,3348],{"class":310},[61,28268,342],{"class":93},[61,28270,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,28272,90],{"class":89},[61,28274,94],{"class":93},[61,28276,657],{"class":109},[61,28278,94],{"class":93},[61,28280,11479],{"class":102},[61,28282,342],{"class":93},[20,28284,21364],{},[164,28286,28287,28292,28297,28302,28308],{},[167,28288,28289,28291],{},[15,28290,12706],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[167,28293,28294,28296],{},[15,28295,21376],{}," shows all available keys",[167,28298,28299,28301],{},[15,28300,21382],{}," checks whether a key exists",[167,28303,28304,28307],{},[15,28305,28306],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[167,28309,28310,28312],{},[15,28311,12712],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28314,28315,28316,229],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[221,28317,9423],{"href":9422},[47,28319,1879],{"id":1878},[260,28321,28323,28324,28326],{"id":28322},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28325,12789],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28328,28329],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[260,28331,28333],{"id":28332},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28335,28336,26564,28338,28340,28341,28343],{},[15,28337,26363],{},[15,28339,19714],{},". ",[15,28342,26367],{}," returns the default value instead.",[260,28345,1928,28347,14923],{"id":28346},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28348,12789],{},[20,28350,28351],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[260,28353,28355,28356,28358],{"id":28354},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28357,12789],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28360,28361,28362,28364,28365,229],{},"Not with ",[15,28363,12596],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[221,28366,28367],{"href":12607},[15,28368,12796],{},[260,28370,1911,28372,749,28374,1916],{"id":28371},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28373,10769],{},[15,28375,12789],{},[20,28377,28378,28380,28381,28383],{},[15,28379,10769],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28382,12789],{}," reads and removes it.",[47,28385,1938],{"id":1937},[164,28387,28388,28394,28401,28405,28409,28413],{},[167,28389,28390],{},[221,28391,28392],{"href":10765},[15,28393,19695],{},[167,28395,28396],{},[221,28397,28398],{"href":12607},[15,28399,28400],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[167,28402,28403],{},[221,28404,12813],{"href":12600},[167,28406,28407],{},[221,28408,21485],{"href":16625},[167,28410,28411],{},[221,28412,11292],{"href":11104},[167,28414,28415],{},[221,28416,28418],{"href":28417},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1969,28420,28421],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":28423},[28424,28425,28427,28428,28429,28431,28438,28445,28455,28456,28457,28468],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":26374,"depth":79,"text":28426},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":26859,"depth":79,"text":28430},"When to use pop()",{"id":27046,"depth":79,"text":28432,"children":28433},"pop() vs del",[28434,28436],{"id":27061,"depth":86,"text":28435},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27164,"depth":86,"text":28437},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27267,"depth":79,"text":28439,"children":28440},"How to avoid KeyError",[28441,28442,28443],{"id":27276,"depth":86,"text":27277},{"id":27372,"depth":86,"text":27373},{"id":27480,"depth":86,"text":28444},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":28446},[28447,28449,28451,28453],{"id":27590,"depth":86,"text":28448},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27723,"depth":86,"text":28450},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27828,"depth":86,"text":28452},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27945,"depth":86,"text":28454},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28046,"depth":79,"text":28047},{"id":8904,"depth":79,"text":8905},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":28458},[28459,28461,28462,28464,28466],{"id":28322,"depth":86,"text":28460},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28332,"depth":86,"text":28333},{"id":28346,"depth":86,"text":28463},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28354,"depth":86,"text":28465},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28371,"depth":86,"text":28467},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26195,"description":28469},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28476,"title":28400,"body":28477,"description":30417,"extension":2017,"meta":30418,"navigation":82,"path":30419,"seo":30420,"stem":30421,"__hash__":30422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28478,"toc":30381},[28479,28484,28489,28492,28500,28510,28512,28601,28605,28654,28659,28664,28668,28684,28687,28689,28704,28706,28722,28729,28733,28739,28748,28750,28819,28823,28844,28847,28866,28869,28892,28894,28897,29012,29016,29075,29082,29086,29092,29217,29221,29271,29274,29278,29285,29287,29350,29354,29375,29378,29387,29402,29410,29417,29421,29433,29437,29448,29450,29596,29600,29659,29666,29671,29675,29681,29704,29709,29728,29732,29803,29810,29883,29892,29897,29902,29913,29916,30053,30058,30090,30095,30097,30101,30161,30164,30221,30224,30267,30269,30274,30280,30286,30289,30296,30304,30309,30312,30319,30327,30329,30378],[10,28480,11348,28482,11352],{"id":28481},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28483,12796],{},[20,28485,2034,28486,28488],{},[15,28487,12796],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28490,28491],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[164,28493,28494,28497],{},[167,28495,28496],{},"remove an item",[167,28498,28499],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28501,28502,28503,28505,28506,28509],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28504,12796],{}," removes the ",[3784,28507,28508],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[47,28511,2059],{"id":2058},[52,28513,28515],{"className":54,"code":28514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28516,28517,28561,28577,28581,28591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28518,28519,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28520,9199],{"class":67},[61,28522,72],{"class":71},[61,28524,1305],{"class":93},[61,28526,1010],{"class":310},[61,28528,221],{"class":314},[61,28530,1010],{"class":310},[61,28532,1314],{"class":93},[61,28534,5535],{"class":75},[61,28536,106],{"class":93},[61,28538,311],{"class":310},[61,28540,1101],{"class":314},[61,28542,1010],{"class":310},[61,28544,1314],{"class":93},[61,28546,3040],{"class":75},[61,28548,106],{"class":93},[61,28550,311],{"class":310},[61,28552,1110],{"class":314},[61,28554,1010],{"class":310},[61,28556,1314],{"class":93},[61,28558,1020],{"class":75},[61,28560,1324],{"class":93},[61,28562,28563,28566,28568,28570,28572,28575],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,28564,28565],{"class":67},"item ",[61,28567,72],{"class":71},[61,28569,14593],{"class":67},[61,28571,229],{"class":93},[61,28573,28574],{"class":102},"popitem",[61,28576,8676],{"class":93},[61,28578,28579],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,28580,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,28582,28583,28585,28587,28589],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,28584,90],{"class":89},[61,28586,94],{"class":93},[61,28588,23338],{"class":102},[61,28590,258],{"class":93},[61,28592,28593,28595,28597,28599],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,28594,90],{"class":89},[61,28596,94],{"class":93},[61,28598,9237],{"class":102},[61,28600,258],{"class":93},[20,28602,28603],{},[3784,28604,345],{},[52,28606,28608],{"className":54,"code":28607,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28609,28610,28626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28611,28612,28614,28616,28618,28620,28622,28624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28613,94],{"class":93},[61,28615,3348],{"class":310},[61,28617,1110],{"class":314},[61,28619,3348],{"class":310},[61,28621,106],{"class":93},[61,28623,1020],{"class":75},[61,28625,258],{"class":93},[61,28627,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,28629,9310],{"class":93},[61,28631,3348],{"class":310},[61,28633,221],{"class":314},[61,28635,3348],{"class":310},[61,28637,1314],{"class":93},[61,28639,5535],{"class":75},[61,28641,106],{"class":93},[61,28643,3343],{"class":310},[61,28645,1101],{"class":314},[61,28647,3348],{"class":310},[61,28649,1314],{"class":93},[61,28651,3040],{"class":75},[61,28653,1324],{"class":93},[20,28655,28656,28658],{},[15,28657,12796],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[47,28660,151,28662,154],{"id":28661},"what-popitem-does",[15,28663,12796],{},[20,28665,28666,1314],{},[15,28667,12796],{},[164,28669,28670,28673,28678,28681],{},[167,28671,28672],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[167,28674,28675,28676],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28677,21683],{},[167,28679,28680],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[167,28682,28683],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28685,28686],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[47,28688,233],{"id":232},[52,28690,28692],{"className":54,"code":28691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28693,28694],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28695,28696,28698,28700,28702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28697,15632],{"class":67},[61,28699,229],{"class":93},[61,28701,28574],{"class":102},[61,28703,8676],{"class":93},[20,28705,11488],{},[164,28707,28708,28716,28719],{},[167,28709,28710,28712,28713],{},[15,28711,12796],{}," takes ",[3784,28714,28715],{},"no arguments",[167,28717,28718],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[167,28720,28721],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28723,28724,28725,1649],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[221,28726,28727],{"href":12593},[15,28728,12789],{},[47,28730,28732],{"id":28731},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28734,28735,28736,28738],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28737,12796],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28740,28741,28742,28745],"ol",{},[167,28743,28744],{},"the key",[167,28746,28747],{},"the value",[20,28749,295],{},[52,28751,28753],{"className":54,"code":28752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28754,28755,28791,28805,28809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28756,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28758,13231],{"class":67},[61,28760,72],{"class":71},[61,28762,1305],{"class":93},[61,28764,1010],{"class":310},[61,28766,335],{"class":314},[61,28768,1010],{"class":310},[61,28770,1314],{"class":93},[61,28772,311],{"class":310},[61,28774,5044],{"class":314},[61,28776,1010],{"class":310},[61,28778,106],{"class":93},[61,28780,311],{"class":310},[61,28782,9331],{"class":314},[61,28784,1010],{"class":310},[61,28786,1314],{"class":93},[61,28788,9338],{"class":75},[61,28790,1324],{"class":93},[61,28792,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,28794,1593],{"class":67},[61,28796,72],{"class":71},[61,28798,13274],{"class":67},[61,28800,229],{"class":93},[61,28802,28574],{"class":102},[61,28804,8676],{"class":93},[61,28806,28807],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,28808,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,28810,28811,28813,28815,28817],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,28812,90],{"class":89},[61,28814,94],{"class":93},[61,28816,1620],{"class":102},[61,28818,258],{"class":93},[20,28820,28821],{},[3784,28822,345],{},[52,28824,28826],{"className":54,"code":28825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28827,28828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28829,28830,28832,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28831,94],{"class":93},[61,28833,3348],{"class":310},[61,28835,9331],{"class":314},[61,28837,3348],{"class":310},[61,28839,106],{"class":93},[61,28841,9338],{"class":75},[61,28843,258],{"class":93},[20,28845,28846],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[52,28848,28850],{"className":54,"code":28849,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28851,28852],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28853,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28855,1593],{"class":67},[61,28857,72],{"class":71},[61,28859,13274],{"class":67},[61,28861,229],{"class":93},[61,28863,28574],{"class":102},[61,28865,8676],{"class":93},[20,28867,28868],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[52,28870,28872],{"className":54,"code":28871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28873,28874],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28875,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28877,14868],{"class":67},[61,28879,106],{"class":93},[61,28881,21612],{"class":67},[61,28883,72],{"class":71},[61,28885,13274],{"class":67},[61,28887,229],{"class":93},[61,28889,28574],{"class":102},[61,28891,8676],{"class":93},[47,28893,359],{"id":358},[20,28895,28896],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[52,28898,28900],{"className":54,"code":28899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28901,28902,28950,28954,28969,28973,28993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28903,28904,28906,28908,28910,28912,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28934,28936,28938,28941,28943,28945,28948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28905,5104],{"class":67},[61,28907,72],{"class":71},[61,28909,1305],{"class":93},[61,28911,1010],{"class":310},[61,28913,28914],{"class":314},"Tom",[61,28916,1010],{"class":310},[61,28918,1314],{"class":93},[61,28920,5116],{"class":75},[61,28922,106],{"class":93},[61,28924,311],{"class":310},[61,28926,1319],{"class":314},[61,28928,1010],{"class":310},[61,28930,1314],{"class":93},[61,28932,28933],{"class":75}," 95",[61,28935,106],{"class":93},[61,28937,311],{"class":310},[61,28939,28940],{"class":314},"Leo",[61,28942,1010],{"class":310},[61,28944,1314],{"class":93},[61,28946,28947],{"class":75}," 88",[61,28949,1324],{"class":93},[61,28951,28952],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,28953,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,28955,28956,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,28957,28958],{"class":67},"removed_pair ",[61,28960,72],{"class":71},[61,28962,5151],{"class":67},[61,28964,229],{"class":93},[61,28966,28574],{"class":102},[61,28968,8676],{"class":93},[61,28970,28971],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,28972,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,28974,28975,28977,28979,28981,28984,28986,28988,28991],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,28976,90],{"class":89},[61,28978,94],{"class":93},[61,28980,1010],{"class":310},[61,28982,28983],{"class":314},"Removed:",[61,28985,1010],{"class":310},[61,28987,106],{"class":93},[61,28989,28990],{"class":102}," removed_pair",[61,28992,258],{"class":93},[61,28994,28995,28997,28999,29001,29004,29006,29008,29010],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,28996,90],{"class":89},[61,28998,94],{"class":93},[61,29000,1010],{"class":310},[61,29002,29003],{"class":314},"After removal:",[61,29005,1010],{"class":310},[61,29007,106],{"class":93},[61,29009,5151],{"class":102},[61,29011,258],{"class":93},[20,29013,29014],{},[3784,29015,345],{},[52,29017,29019],{"className":54,"code":29018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29020,29021,29042],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29022,29023,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038,29040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29024,29025],{"class":67},"Removed",[61,29027,1314],{"class":93},[61,29029,572],{"class":93},[61,29031,3348],{"class":310},[61,29033,28940],{"class":314},[61,29035,3348],{"class":310},[61,29037,106],{"class":93},[61,29039,28947],{"class":75},[61,29041,258],{"class":93},[61,29043,29044,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29045,29046],{"class":67},"After removal",[61,29048,1314],{"class":93},[61,29050,1305],{"class":93},[61,29052,3348],{"class":310},[61,29054,28914],{"class":314},[61,29056,3348],{"class":310},[61,29058,1314],{"class":93},[61,29060,5116],{"class":75},[61,29062,106],{"class":93},[61,29064,3343],{"class":310},[61,29066,1319],{"class":314},[61,29068,3348],{"class":310},[61,29070,1314],{"class":93},[61,29072,28933],{"class":75},[61,29074,1324],{"class":93},[20,29076,29077,29078,29081],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29079,29080],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[47,29083,29085],{"id":29084},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29087,29088,29089,29091],{},"Because ",[15,29090,12796],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[52,29093,29095],{"className":54,"code":29094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29096,29097,29133,29137,29156,29160,29179,29198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29098,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29100,15475],{"class":67},[61,29102,72],{"class":71},[61,29104,1305],{"class":93},[61,29106,1010],{"class":310},[61,29108,15486],{"class":314},[61,29110,1010],{"class":310},[61,29112,1314],{"class":93},[61,29114,311],{"class":310},[61,29116,15495],{"class":314},[61,29118,1010],{"class":310},[61,29120,106],{"class":93},[61,29122,311],{"class":310},[61,29124,15506],{"class":314},[61,29126,1010],{"class":310},[61,29128,1314],{"class":93},[61,29130,26933],{"class":75},[61,29132,1324],{"class":93},[61,29134,29135],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29136,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,29138,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29150,29152,29154],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,29140,14868],{"class":67},[61,29142,106],{"class":93},[61,29144,21612],{"class":67},[61,29146,72],{"class":71},[61,29148,29149],{"class":67}," book",[61,29151,229],{"class":93},[61,29153,28574],{"class":102},[61,29155,8676],{"class":93},[61,29157,29158],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,29159,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,29161,29162,29164,29166,29168,29171,29173,29175,29177],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,29163,90],{"class":89},[61,29165,94],{"class":93},[61,29167,1010],{"class":310},[61,29169,29170],{"class":314},"Key:",[61,29172,1010],{"class":310},[61,29174,106],{"class":93},[61,29176,21607],{"class":102},[61,29178,258],{"class":93},[61,29180,29181,29183,29185,29187,29190,29192,29194,29196],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,29182,90],{"class":89},[61,29184,94],{"class":93},[61,29186,1010],{"class":310},[61,29188,29189],{"class":314},"Value:",[61,29191,1010],{"class":310},[61,29193,106],{"class":93},[61,29195,8465],{"class":102},[61,29197,258],{"class":93},[61,29199,29200,29202,29204,29206,29209,29211,29213,29215],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,29201,90],{"class":89},[61,29203,94],{"class":93},[61,29205,1010],{"class":310},[61,29207,29208],{"class":314},"Dictionary:",[61,29210,1010],{"class":310},[61,29212,106],{"class":93},[61,29214,29149],{"class":102},[61,29216,258],{"class":93},[20,29218,29219],{},[3784,29220,345],{},[52,29222,29224],{"className":54,"code":29223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29225,29226,29236,29246],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29227,29228,29231,29233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29229,29230],{"class":67},"Key",[61,29232,1314],{"class":93},[61,29234,29235],{"class":67}," pages\n",[61,29237,29238,29241,29243],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29239,29240],{"class":67},"Value",[61,29242,1314],{"class":93},[61,29244,29245],{"class":75}," 200\n",[61,29247,29248,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,29249,29250],{"class":67},"Dictionary",[61,29252,1314],{"class":93},[61,29254,1305],{"class":93},[61,29256,3348],{"class":310},[61,29258,15486],{"class":314},[61,29260,3348],{"class":310},[61,29262,1314],{"class":93},[61,29264,3343],{"class":310},[61,29266,15495],{"class":314},[61,29268,3348],{"class":310},[61,29270,1324],{"class":93},[20,29272,29273],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[47,29275,29277],{"id":29276},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29279,29280,29281,28505,29283,229],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29282,12796],{},[3784,29284,28508],{},[20,29286,295],{},[52,29288,29290],{"className":54,"code":29289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29291,29292,29336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29293,29294,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322,29324,29326,29328,29330,29332,29334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29295,9199],{"class":67},[61,29297,72],{"class":71},[61,29299,1305],{"class":93},[61,29301,1010],{"class":310},[61,29303,2228],{"class":314},[61,29305,1010],{"class":310},[61,29307,1314],{"class":93},[61,29309,5535],{"class":75},[61,29311,106],{"class":93},[61,29313,311],{"class":310},[61,29315,11772],{"class":314},[61,29317,1010],{"class":310},[61,29319,1314],{"class":93},[61,29321,3040],{"class":75},[61,29323,106],{"class":93},[61,29325,311],{"class":310},[61,29327,22105],{"class":314},[61,29329,1010],{"class":310},[61,29331,1314],{"class":93},[61,29333,1020],{"class":75},[61,29335,1324],{"class":93},[61,29337,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346,29348],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29339,90],{"class":89},[61,29341,94],{"class":93},[61,29343,9237],{"class":102},[61,29345,229],{"class":93},[61,29347,28574],{"class":102},[61,29349,7228],{"class":93},[20,29351,29352],{},[3784,29353,345],{},[52,29355,29357],{"className":54,"code":29356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29358,29359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29360,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29362,94],{"class":93},[61,29364,3348],{"class":310},[61,29366,22105],{"class":314},[61,29368,3348],{"class":310},[61,29370,106],{"class":93},[61,29372,1020],{"class":75},[61,29374,258],{"class":93},[20,29376,29377],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29379,29380,29381,29383,29384,29386],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3784,29382,4670],{}," think of ",[15,29385,12796],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29388,29389,29390,186,29394,196,29398,229],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[221,29391,29392],{"href":17101},[15,29393,17104],{},[221,29395,29396],{"href":17089},[15,29397,17092],{},[221,29399,29400],{"href":17095},[15,29401,17098],{},[47,29403,29405,29406,749,29408],{"id":29404},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29407,12796],{},[15,29409,12789],{},[20,29411,29412,749,29414,29416],{},[15,29413,12796],{},[15,29415,12789],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[260,29418,29419],{"id":28574},[15,29420,12796],{},[164,29422,29423,29426,29429],{},[167,29424,29425],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[167,29427,29428],{},"does not need a key argument",[167,29430,3732,29431],{},[15,29432,21683],{},[260,29434,29435],{"id":26267},[15,29436,12789],{},[164,29438,29439,29442,29445],{},[167,29440,29441],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[167,29443,29444],{},"needs the key name",[167,29446,29447],{},"returns only the value",[20,29449,295],{},[52,29451,29453],{"className":54,"code":29452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29454,29455,29499,29503,29517,29537,29541,29563,29582,29586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29456,29457,29459,29461,29463,29465,29467,29469,29471,29473,29475,29477,29479,29481,29483,29485,29487,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29458,9199],{"class":67},[61,29460,72],{"class":71},[61,29462,1305],{"class":93},[61,29464,1010],{"class":310},[61,29466,221],{"class":314},[61,29468,1010],{"class":310},[61,29470,1314],{"class":93},[61,29472,5535],{"class":75},[61,29474,106],{"class":93},[61,29476,311],{"class":310},[61,29478,1101],{"class":314},[61,29480,1010],{"class":310},[61,29482,1314],{"class":93},[61,29484,3040],{"class":75},[61,29486,106],{"class":93},[61,29488,311],{"class":310},[61,29490,1110],{"class":314},[61,29492,1010],{"class":310},[61,29494,1314],{"class":93},[61,29496,1020],{"class":75},[61,29498,1324],{"class":93},[61,29500,29501],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29502,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,29504,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,29506,28565],{"class":67},[61,29508,72],{"class":71},[61,29510,14593],{"class":67},[61,29512,229],{"class":93},[61,29514,28574],{"class":102},[61,29516,8676],{"class":93},[61,29518,29519,29521,29523,29525,29528,29530,29532,29535],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,29520,90],{"class":89},[61,29522,94],{"class":93},[61,29524,1010],{"class":310},[61,29526,29527],{"class":314},"popitem():",[61,29529,1010],{"class":310},[61,29531,106],{"class":93},[61,29533,29534],{"class":102}," item",[61,29536,258],{"class":93},[61,29538,29539],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,29540,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,29542,29543,29545,29547,29549,29551,29553,29555,29557,29559,29561],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,29544,68],{"class":67},[61,29546,72],{"class":71},[61,29548,14593],{"class":67},[61,29550,229],{"class":93},[61,29552,26267],{"class":102},[61,29554,94],{"class":93},[61,29556,1010],{"class":310},[61,29558,221],{"class":314},[61,29560,1010],{"class":310},[61,29562,258],{"class":93},[61,29564,29565,29567,29569,29571,29574,29576,29578,29580],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,29566,90],{"class":89},[61,29568,94],{"class":93},[61,29570,1010],{"class":310},[61,29572,29573],{"class":314},"pop('a'):",[61,29575,1010],{"class":310},[61,29577,106],{"class":93},[61,29579,8465],{"class":102},[61,29581,258],{"class":93},[61,29583,29584],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,29585,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,29587,29588,29590,29592,29594],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,29589,90],{"class":89},[61,29591,94],{"class":93},[61,29593,9237],{"class":102},[61,29595,258],{"class":93},[20,29597,29598],{},[3784,29599,345],{},[52,29601,29603],{"className":54,"code":29602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29604,29605,29626,29643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29606,29607,29609,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620,29622,29624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29608,28574],{"class":102},[61,29610,29611],{"class":93},"():",[61,29613,572],{"class":93},[61,29615,3348],{"class":310},[61,29617,1110],{"class":314},[61,29619,3348],{"class":310},[61,29621,106],{"class":93},[61,29623,1020],{"class":75},[61,29625,258],{"class":93},[61,29627,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636,29638,29640],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29629,26267],{"class":102},[61,29631,94],{"class":93},[61,29633,3348],{"class":310},[61,29635,221],{"class":314},[61,29637,3348],{"class":310},[61,29639,16480],{"class":93},[61,29641,29642],{"class":75}," 1\n",[61,29644,29645,29647,29649,29651,29653,29655,29657],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,29646,9310],{"class":93},[61,29648,3348],{"class":310},[61,29650,1101],{"class":314},[61,29652,3348],{"class":310},[61,29654,1314],{"class":93},[61,29656,3040],{"class":75},[61,29658,1324],{"class":93},[20,29660,143,29661,29665],{},[221,29662,29663],{"href":12593},[15,29664,12789],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29667,143,29668,29670],{},[15,29669,12796],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[47,29672,29674],{"id":29673},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29676,29677,29678,29680],{},"Calling ",[15,29679,12796],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[52,29682,29684],{"className":54,"code":29683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29685,29686,29694],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29687,29688,29690,29692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29689,9199],{"class":67},[61,29691,72],{"class":71},[61,29693,9869],{"class":93},[61,29695,29696,29698,29700,29702],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29697,9237],{"class":67},[61,29699,229],{"class":93},[61,29701,28574],{"class":102},[61,29703,8676],{"class":93},[20,29705,29706],{},[3784,29707,29708],{},"Error:",[52,29710,29712],{"className":54,"code":29711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29713,29714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29715,29716,29718,29720,29722,29725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29717,19714],{"class":109},[61,29719,1314],{"class":93},[61,29721,3343],{"class":310},[61,29723,29724],{"class":314},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[61,29726,29727],{"class":310},"'\n",[260,29729,29731],{"id":29730},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[52,29733,29735],{"className":54,"code":29734,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29736,29737,29745,29749,29757,29772,29782,29788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29738,29739,29741,29743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29740,9199],{"class":67},[61,29742,72],{"class":71},[61,29744,9869],{"class":93},[61,29746,29747],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29748,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,29750,29751,29753,29755],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,29752,1124],{"class":672},[61,29754,14593],{"class":67},[61,29756,6433],{"class":93},[61,29758,29759,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,29760,29761],{"class":67},"    item ",[61,29763,72],{"class":71},[61,29765,14593],{"class":67},[61,29767,229],{"class":93},[61,29769,28574],{"class":102},[61,29771,8676],{"class":93},[61,29773,29774,29776,29778,29780],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,29775,1141],{"class":89},[61,29777,94],{"class":93},[61,29779,23338],{"class":102},[61,29781,258],{"class":93},[61,29783,29784,29786],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,29785,27460],{"class":672},[61,29787,6433],{"class":93},[61,29789,29790,29792,29794,29796,29799,29801],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,29791,1141],{"class":89},[61,29793,94],{"class":93},[61,29795,1010],{"class":310},[61,29797,29798],{"class":314},"Dictionary is empty",[61,29800,1010],{"class":310},[61,29802,258],{"class":93},[260,29804,29806,29807],{"id":29805},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29808,29809],{},"try-except",[52,29811,29813],{"className":54,"code":29812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29814,29815,29823,29827,29834,29848,29858,29868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29816,29817,29819,29821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29818,9199],{"class":67},[61,29820,72],{"class":71},[61,29822,9869],{"class":93},[61,29824,29825],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29826,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,29828,29829,29832],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,29830,29831],{"class":672},"try",[61,29833,6433],{"class":93},[61,29835,29836,29838,29840,29842,29844,29846],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,29837,29761],{"class":67},[61,29839,72],{"class":71},[61,29841,14593],{"class":67},[61,29843,229],{"class":93},[61,29845,28574],{"class":102},[61,29847,8676],{"class":93},[61,29849,29850,29852,29854,29856],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,29851,1141],{"class":89},[61,29853,94],{"class":93},[61,29855,23338],{"class":102},[61,29857,258],{"class":93},[61,29859,29860,29863,29866],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,29861,29862],{"class":672},"except",[61,29864,29865],{"class":109}," KeyError",[61,29867,6433],{"class":93},[61,29869,29870,29872,29874,29876,29879,29881],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,29871,1141],{"class":89},[61,29873,94],{"class":93},[61,29875,1010],{"class":310},[61,29877,29878],{"class":314},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[61,29880,1010],{"class":310},[61,29882,258],{"class":93},[20,29884,29885,29886,229],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[221,29887,25708,29889],{"href":29888},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29890,29891],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,29893,5001,29895],{"id":29894},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29896,12796],{},[20,29898,29899,29901],{},[15,29900,12796],{}," is useful when:",[164,29903,29904,29907,29910],{},[167,29905,29906],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[167,29908,29909],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[167,29911,29912],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29914,29915],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[52,29917,29919],{"className":54,"code":29918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29920,29921,29930,29950,29970,29988,29992,29996,30006,30025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29922,29923,29926,29928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29924,29925],{"class":67},"tasks ",[61,29927,72],{"class":71},[61,29929,11521],{"class":93},[61,29931,29932,29934,29937,29939,29941,29943,29946,29948],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,29933,11526],{"class":310},[61,29935,29936],{"class":314},"first",[61,29938,1010],{"class":310},[61,29940,1314],{"class":93},[61,29942,311],{"class":310},[61,29944,29945],{"class":314},"wash dishes",[61,29947,1010],{"class":310},[61,29949,11541],{"class":93},[61,29951,29952,29954,29957,29959,29961,29963,29966,29968],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,29953,11526],{"class":310},[61,29955,29956],{"class":314},"second",[61,29958,1010],{"class":310},[61,29960,1314],{"class":93},[61,29962,311],{"class":310},[61,29964,29965],{"class":314},"do homework",[61,29967,1010],{"class":310},[61,29969,11541],{"class":93},[61,29971,29972,29974,29977,29979,29981,29983,29986],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,29973,11526],{"class":310},[61,29975,29976],{"class":314},"third",[61,29978,1010],{"class":310},[61,29980,1314],{"class":93},[61,29982,311],{"class":310},[61,29984,29985],{"class":314},"read book",[61,29987,318],{"class":310},[61,29989,29990],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,29991,1324],{"class":93},[61,29993,29994],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,29995,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,29997,29998,30001,30004],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,29999,30000],{"class":672},"while",[61,30002,30003],{"class":67}," tasks",[61,30005,6433],{"class":93},[61,30007,30008,30011,30013,30015,30017,30019,30021,30023],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,30009,30010],{"class":67},"    key",[61,30012,106],{"class":93},[61,30014,21612],{"class":67},[61,30016,72],{"class":71},[61,30018,30003],{"class":67},[61,30020,229],{"class":93},[61,30022,28574],{"class":102},[61,30024,8676],{"class":93},[61,30026,30027,30029,30031,30033,30035,30037,30039,30041,30043,30045,30047,30049,30051],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,30028,1141],{"class":89},[61,30030,94],{"class":93},[61,30032,22322],{"class":882},[61,30034,1010],{"class":314},[61,30036,9310],{"class":75},[61,30038,14868],{"class":102},[61,30040,22331],{"class":75},[61,30042,22334],{"class":314},[61,30044,9310],{"class":75},[61,30046,103],{"class":102},[61,30048,22331],{"class":75},[61,30050,1010],{"class":314},[61,30052,258],{"class":93},[20,30054,30055],{},[3784,30056,30057],{},"Possible output:",[52,30059,30061],{"className":54,"code":30060,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30062,30063,30072,30081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30064,30065,30067,30069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30066,29976],{"class":67},[61,30068,1314],{"class":93},[61,30070,30071],{"class":67}," read book\n",[61,30073,30074,30076,30078],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,30075,29956],{"class":67},[61,30077,1314],{"class":93},[61,30079,30080],{"class":67}," do homework\n",[61,30082,30083,30085,30087],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,30084,29936],{"class":67},[61,30086,1314],{"class":93},[61,30088,30089],{"class":67}," wash dishes\n",[20,30091,29088,30092,30094],{},[15,30093,12796],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[47,30096,2878],{"id":2877},[20,30098,14760,30099,1314],{},[15,30100,12796],{},[164,30102,30103,30117,30136,30147],{},[167,30104,30105,30110],{},[3784,30106,29677,30107,30109],{},[15,30108,12796],{}," on an empty dictionary",[164,30111,30112],{},[167,30113,30114,30115,229],{},"This raises ",[15,30116,19714],{},[167,30118,30119,30124],{},[3784,30120,8485,30121,30123],{},[15,30122,12796],{}," to remove a specific key",[164,30125,30126,30129],{},[167,30127,30128],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[167,30130,143,30131,30135],{},[221,30132,30133],{"href":12593},[15,30134,12789],{}," if you need that.",[167,30137,30138,30142],{},[3784,30139,4744,30140,27726],{},[15,30141,12796],{},[164,30143,30144],{},[167,30145,30146],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[167,30148,30149,30152],{},[3784,30150,30151],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[164,30153,30154],{},[167,30155,30156,22003,30158,30160],{},[15,30157,12796],{},[15,30159,21683],{}," tuple.",[20,30162,30163],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[52,30165,30167],{"className":54,"code":30166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30168,30169,30179,30193,30197,30211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30170,30171,30173,30175,30177],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30172,90],{"class":89},[61,30174,94],{"class":93},[61,30176,11479],{"class":102},[61,30178,258],{"class":93},[61,30180,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,30182,90],{"class":89},[61,30184,94],{"class":93},[61,30186,11191],{"class":89},[61,30188,94],{"class":93},[61,30190,11479],{"class":102},[61,30192,342],{"class":93},[61,30194,30195],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,30196,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,30198,30199,30201,30203,30205,30207,30209],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,30200,28565],{"class":67},[61,30202,72],{"class":71},[61,30204,11793],{"class":67},[61,30206,229],{"class":93},[61,30208,28574],{"class":102},[61,30210,8676],{"class":93},[61,30212,30213,30215,30217,30219],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,30214,90],{"class":89},[61,30216,94],{"class":93},[61,30218,23338],{"class":102},[61,30220,258],{"class":93},[20,30222,30223],{},"Or with unpacking:",[52,30225,30227],{"className":54,"code":30226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30228,30229,30247,30257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30230,30231,30233,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30232,14868],{"class":67},[61,30234,106],{"class":93},[61,30236,21612],{"class":67},[61,30238,72],{"class":71},[61,30240,11793],{"class":67},[61,30242,229],{"class":93},[61,30244,28574],{"class":102},[61,30246,8676],{"class":93},[61,30248,30249,30251,30253,30255],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,30250,90],{"class":89},[61,30252,94],{"class":93},[61,30254,14868],{"class":102},[61,30256,258],{"class":93},[61,30258,30259,30261,30263,30265],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,30260,90],{"class":89},[61,30262,94],{"class":93},[61,30264,103],{"class":102},[61,30266,258],{"class":93},[47,30268,1879],{"id":1878},[260,30270,1883,30272,1886],{"id":30271},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30273,12796],{},[20,30275,30276,30277,229],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30278,30279],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[260,30281,1928,30283,30285],{"id":30282},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30284,12796],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30287,30288],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[260,30290,30292,30293,30295],{"id":30291},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30294,12796],{}," removes?",[20,30297,30298,30299,30303],{},"No. Use ",[221,30300,30301],{"href":12593},[15,30302,12789],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[260,30305,1928,30307,14923],{"id":30306},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30308,12796],{},[20,30310,30311],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[260,30313,30315,30316,30318],{"id":30314},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30317,12796],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30320,30321,30322,30324,30325,229],{},"It raises ",[15,30323,19714],{}," with the message ",[15,30326,29724],{},[47,30328,1938],{"id":1937},[164,30330,30331,30338,30344,30350,30356,30363,30367,30371],{},[167,30332,30333],{},[221,30334,30335,30337],{"href":12593},[15,30336,12789],{}," method for dictionaries",[167,30339,30340],{},[221,30341,30342,30337],{"href":17101},[15,30343,17104],{},[167,30345,30346],{},[221,30347,30348,30337],{"href":17089},[15,30349,17092],{},[167,30351,30352],{},[221,30353,30354,30337],{"href":17095},[15,30355,17098],{},[167,30357,30358],{},[221,30359,30361,30337],{"href":30360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30362,11351],{},[167,30364,30365],{},[221,30366,12813],{"href":12600},[167,30368,30369],{},[221,30370,21485],{"href":16625},[167,30372,30373],{},[221,30374,30375,30376],{"href":29888},"Fix ",[15,30377,29891],{},[1969,30379,30380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":30382},[30383,30384,30386,30387,30388,30389,30390,30391,30396,30401,30403,30404,30416],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":28661,"depth":79,"text":30385},"What popitem() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":28731,"depth":79,"text":28732},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":29084,"depth":79,"text":29085},{"id":29276,"depth":79,"text":29277},{"id":29404,"depth":79,"text":30392,"children":30393},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30394,30395],{"id":28574,"depth":86,"text":12796},{"id":26267,"depth":86,"text":12789},{"id":29673,"depth":79,"text":29674,"children":30397},[30398,30399],{"id":29730,"depth":86,"text":29731},{"id":29805,"depth":86,"text":30400},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29894,"depth":79,"text":30402},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":30405},[30406,30408,30410,30412,30414],{"id":30271,"depth":86,"text":30407},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30282,"depth":86,"text":30409},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30291,"depth":86,"text":30411},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30306,"depth":86,"text":30413},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30314,"depth":86,"text":30415},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28400,"description":30417},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30424,"title":30425,"body":30426,"description":32329,"extension":2017,"meta":32330,"navigation":82,"path":14059,"seo":32331,"stem":32332,"__hash__":32333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30427,"toc":32301},[30428,30433,30438,30441,30443,30540,30545,30550,30555,30558,30566,30569,30584,30586,30686,30688,30745,30749,30751,30754,30774,30779,30790,30793,30820,30823,30825,30882,30884,30905,30911,30916,30919,30930,30932,31040,31042,31095,31097,31109,31116,31122,31127,31130,31218,31220,31265,31268,31276,31279,31282,31351,31354,31357,31361,31364,31435,31437,31490,31493,31496,31499,31514,31517,31529,31532,31595,31597,31603,31605,31607,31686,31688,31729,31731,31796,31798,31835,31840,31845,31849,31863,31866,31989,31991,32076,32081,32083,32087,32109,32112,32192,32195,32214,32219,32221,32227,32232,32238,32241,32247,32250,32256,32261,32267,32273,32275,32298],[10,30429,11348,30431,11352],{"id":30430},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30432,14981],{},[20,30434,2034,30435,30437],{},[15,30436,14981],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30439,30440],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[47,30442,2059],{"id":2058},[52,30444,30446],{"className":54,"code":30445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30447,30448,30484,30525,30535],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30449,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30451,13231],{"class":67},[61,30453,72],{"class":71},[61,30455,1305],{"class":93},[61,30457,1010],{"class":310},[61,30459,335],{"class":314},[61,30461,1010],{"class":310},[61,30463,1314],{"class":93},[61,30465,311],{"class":310},[61,30467,1319],{"class":314},[61,30469,1010],{"class":310},[61,30471,106],{"class":93},[61,30473,311],{"class":310},[61,30475,9331],{"class":314},[61,30477,1010],{"class":310},[61,30479,1314],{"class":93},[61,30481,7825],{"class":75},[61,30483,1324],{"class":93},[61,30485,30486,30488,30490,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,30487,17333],{"class":67},[61,30489,229],{"class":93},[61,30491,30492],{"class":102},"update",[61,30494,5567],{"class":93},[61,30496,1010],{"class":310},[61,30498,9331],{"class":314},[61,30500,1010],{"class":310},[61,30502,1314],{"class":93},[61,30504,30505],{"class":75}," 21",[61,30507,106],{"class":93},[61,30509,311],{"class":310},[61,30511,10440],{"class":314},[61,30513,1010],{"class":310},[61,30515,1314],{"class":93},[61,30517,311],{"class":310},[61,30519,16059],{"class":314},[61,30521,1010],{"class":310},[61,30523,30524],{"class":93},"})\n",[61,30526,30527,30529,30531,30533],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,30528,90],{"class":89},[61,30530,94],{"class":93},[61,30532,17333],{"class":102},[61,30534,258],{"class":93},[61,30536,30537],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,30538,30539],{"class":116},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30541,143,30542,30544],{},[15,30543,14981],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[47,30546,151,30548,154],{"id":30547},"what-update-does",[15,30549,14981],{},[20,30551,30552,30554],{},[15,30553,14981],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30556,30557],{},"It can do two main things:",[164,30559,30560,30563],{},[167,30561,30562],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[167,30564,30565],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30567,30568],{},"Important things to know:",[164,30570,30571,30574,30577,30581],{},[167,30572,30573],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[167,30575,30576],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[167,30578,1889,30579],{},[15,30580,3820],{},[167,30582,30583],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30585,295],{},[52,30587,30589],{"className":54,"code":30588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30590,30591,30633,30676],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30592,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30629,30631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30594,12890],{"class":67},[61,30596,72],{"class":71},[61,30598,1305],{"class":93},[61,30600,1010],{"class":310},[61,30602,335],{"class":314},[61,30604,1010],{"class":310},[61,30606,1314],{"class":93},[61,30608,311],{"class":310},[61,30610,30611],{"class":314},"Mira",[61,30613,1010],{"class":310},[61,30615,106],{"class":93},[61,30617,311],{"class":310},[61,30619,19918],{"class":314},[61,30621,1010],{"class":310},[61,30623,1314],{"class":93},[61,30625,311],{"class":310},[61,30627,30628],{"class":314},"B",[61,30630,1010],{"class":310},[61,30632,1324],{"class":93},[61,30634,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30672,30674],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,30636,13652],{"class":67},[61,30638,229],{"class":93},[61,30640,30492],{"class":102},[61,30642,5567],{"class":93},[61,30644,1010],{"class":310},[61,30646,19918],{"class":314},[61,30648,1010],{"class":310},[61,30650,1314],{"class":93},[61,30652,311],{"class":310},[61,30654,22273],{"class":314},[61,30656,1010],{"class":310},[61,30658,106],{"class":93},[61,30660,311],{"class":310},[61,30662,10440],{"class":314},[61,30664,1010],{"class":310},[61,30666,1314],{"class":93},[61,30668,311],{"class":310},[61,30670,30671],{"class":314},"Quito",[61,30673,1010],{"class":310},[61,30675,30524],{"class":93},[61,30677,30678,30680,30682,30684],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,30679,90],{"class":89},[61,30681,94],{"class":93},[61,30683,13652],{"class":102},[61,30685,258],{"class":93},[20,30687,345],{},[52,30689,30691],{"className":54,"code":30690,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30692,30693],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30694,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30696,9310],{"class":93},[61,30698,3348],{"class":310},[61,30700,335],{"class":314},[61,30702,3348],{"class":310},[61,30704,1314],{"class":93},[61,30706,3343],{"class":310},[61,30708,30611],{"class":314},[61,30710,3348],{"class":310},[61,30712,106],{"class":93},[61,30714,3343],{"class":310},[61,30716,19918],{"class":314},[61,30718,3348],{"class":310},[61,30720,1314],{"class":93},[61,30722,3343],{"class":310},[61,30724,22273],{"class":314},[61,30726,3348],{"class":310},[61,30728,106],{"class":93},[61,30730,3343],{"class":310},[61,30732,10440],{"class":314},[61,30734,3348],{"class":310},[61,30736,1314],{"class":93},[61,30738,3343],{"class":310},[61,30740,30671],{"class":314},[61,30742,3348],{"class":310},[61,30744,1324],{"class":93},[20,30746,9185,30747,229],{},[221,30748,24656],{"href":9422},[47,30750,233],{"id":232},[20,30752,30753],{},"The basic form is:",[52,30755,30757],{"className":54,"code":30756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30758,30759],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30760,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30762,15632],{"class":67},[61,30764,229],{"class":93},[61,30766,30492],{"class":102},[61,30768,94],{"class":93},[61,30770,30771],{"class":102},"other",[61,30773,258],{"class":93},[20,30775,30776,30778],{},[15,30777,30771],{}," can be:",[164,30780,30781,30784,30787],{},[167,30782,30783],{},"Another dictionary",[167,30785,30786],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[167,30788,30789],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30791,30792],{},"You can also use:",[52,30794,30796],{"className":54,"code":30795,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30797,30798],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30799,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30801,15632],{"class":67},[61,30803,229],{"class":93},[61,30805,30492],{"class":102},[61,30807,94],{"class":93},[61,30809,335],{"class":9208},[61,30811,72],{"class":71},[61,30813,1010],{"class":310},[61,30815,7711],{"class":314},[61,30817,1010],{"class":310},[61,30819,258],{"class":93},[20,30821,30822],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30824,295],{},[52,30826,30828],{"className":54,"code":30827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30829,30830,30850,30872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30831,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30833,9199],{"class":67},[61,30835,72],{"class":71},[61,30837,1305],{"class":93},[61,30839,1010],{"class":310},[61,30841,221],{"class":314},[61,30843,1010],{"class":310},[61,30845,1314],{"class":93},[61,30847,5535],{"class":75},[61,30849,1324],{"class":93},[61,30851,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,30853,9237],{"class":67},[61,30855,229],{"class":93},[61,30857,30492],{"class":102},[61,30859,5567],{"class":93},[61,30861,1010],{"class":310},[61,30863,221],{"class":314},[61,30865,1010],{"class":310},[61,30867,1314],{"class":93},[61,30869,6043],{"class":75},[61,30871,30524],{"class":93},[61,30873,30874,30876,30878,30880],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,30875,90],{"class":89},[61,30877,94],{"class":93},[61,30879,9237],{"class":102},[61,30881,258],{"class":93},[20,30883,345],{},[52,30885,30887],{"className":54,"code":30886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30888,30889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30890,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30892,9310],{"class":93},[61,30894,3348],{"class":310},[61,30896,221],{"class":314},[61,30898,3348],{"class":310},[61,30900,1314],{"class":93},[61,30902,6043],{"class":75},[61,30904,1324],{"class":93},[47,30906,8449,30908,30910],{"id":30907},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30909,14981],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30912,30913,30914,229],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30915,14981],{},[20,30917,30918],{},"It is useful when:",[164,30920,30921,30924,30927],{},[167,30922,30923],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[167,30925,30926],{},"Adding extra settings",[167,30928,30929],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30931,295],{},[52,30933,30935],{"className":54,"code":30934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30936,30937,30974,31011,31015,31030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30938,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30940,13852],{"class":67},[61,30942,72],{"class":71},[61,30944,1305],{"class":93},[61,30946,1010],{"class":310},[61,30948,12521],{"class":314},[61,30950,1010],{"class":310},[61,30952,1314],{"class":93},[61,30954,311],{"class":310},[61,30956,20955],{"class":314},[61,30958,1010],{"class":310},[61,30960,106],{"class":93},[61,30962,311],{"class":310},[61,30964,13877],{"class":314},[61,30966,1010],{"class":310},[61,30968,1314],{"class":93},[61,30970,30971],{"class":75}," 12",[61,30973,1324],{"class":93},[61,30975,30976,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,30977,30978],{"class":67},"new_settings ",[61,30980,72],{"class":71},[61,30982,1305],{"class":93},[61,30984,1010],{"class":310},[61,30986,13877],{"class":314},[61,30988,1010],{"class":310},[61,30990,1314],{"class":93},[61,30992,13884],{"class":75},[61,30994,106],{"class":93},[61,30996,311],{"class":310},[61,30998,20150],{"class":314},[61,31000,1010],{"class":310},[61,31002,1314],{"class":93},[61,31004,311],{"class":310},[61,31006,20184],{"class":314},[61,31008,1010],{"class":310},[61,31010,1324],{"class":93},[61,31012,31013],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,31014,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,31016,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31028],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,31018,13911],{"class":67},[61,31020,229],{"class":93},[61,31022,30492],{"class":102},[61,31024,94],{"class":93},[61,31026,31027],{"class":102},"new_settings",[61,31029,258],{"class":93},[61,31031,31032,31034,31036,31038],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,31033,90],{"class":89},[61,31035,94],{"class":93},[61,31037,13911],{"class":102},[61,31039,258],{"class":93},[20,31041,345],{},[52,31043,31045],{"className":54,"code":31044,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31046,31047],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31048,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31050,9310],{"class":93},[61,31052,3348],{"class":310},[61,31054,12521],{"class":314},[61,31056,3348],{"class":310},[61,31058,1314],{"class":93},[61,31060,3343],{"class":310},[61,31062,20955],{"class":314},[61,31064,3348],{"class":310},[61,31066,106],{"class":93},[61,31068,3343],{"class":310},[61,31070,13877],{"class":314},[61,31072,3348],{"class":310},[61,31074,1314],{"class":93},[61,31076,13884],{"class":75},[61,31078,106],{"class":93},[61,31080,3343],{"class":310},[61,31082,20150],{"class":314},[61,31084,3348],{"class":310},[61,31086,1314],{"class":93},[61,31088,3343],{"class":310},[61,31090,20184],{"class":314},[61,31092,3348],{"class":310},[61,31094,1324],{"class":93},[20,31096,13436],{},[164,31098,31099,31104],{},[167,31100,31101,31103],{},[15,31102,13877],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[167,31105,31106,31108],{},[15,31107,20150],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31110,31111,31112,229],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[221,31113,31115],{"href":31114},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[47,31117,8449,31119,31121],{"id":31118},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31120,14981],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31123,31124,31126],{},[15,31125,14981],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31128,31129],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[52,31131,31133],{"className":54,"code":31132,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31134,31135,31155,31190,31194,31208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31136,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31138,5104],{"class":67},[61,31140,72],{"class":71},[61,31142,1305],{"class":93},[61,31144,1010],{"class":310},[61,31146,18444],{"class":314},[61,31148,1010],{"class":310},[61,31150,1314],{"class":93},[61,31152,19925],{"class":75},[61,31154,1324],{"class":93},[61,31156,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31182,31184,31186,31188],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,31158,9248],{"class":67},[61,31160,72],{"class":71},[61,31162,9253],{"class":93},[61,31164,1010],{"class":310},[61,31166,18453],{"class":314},[61,31168,1010],{"class":310},[61,31170,106],{"class":93},[61,31172,13534],{"class":75},[61,31174,9266],{"class":93},[61,31176,572],{"class":93},[61,31178,1010],{"class":310},[61,31180,31181],{"class":314},"english",[61,31183,1010],{"class":310},[61,31185,106],{"class":93},[61,31187,28947],{"class":75},[61,31189,9281],{"class":93},[61,31191,31192],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,31193,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,31195,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,31197,16417],{"class":67},[61,31199,229],{"class":93},[61,31201,30492],{"class":102},[61,31203,94],{"class":93},[61,31205,9294],{"class":102},[61,31207,258],{"class":93},[61,31209,31210,31212,31214,31216],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,31211,90],{"class":89},[61,31213,94],{"class":93},[61,31215,16417],{"class":102},[61,31217,258],{"class":93},[20,31219,345],{},[52,31221,31223],{"className":54,"code":31222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31224,31225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31226,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31228,9310],{"class":93},[61,31230,3348],{"class":310},[61,31232,18444],{"class":314},[61,31234,3348],{"class":310},[61,31236,1314],{"class":93},[61,31238,19925],{"class":75},[61,31240,106],{"class":93},[61,31242,3343],{"class":310},[61,31244,18453],{"class":314},[61,31246,3348],{"class":310},[61,31248,1314],{"class":93},[61,31250,13534],{"class":75},[61,31252,106],{"class":93},[61,31254,3343],{"class":310},[61,31256,31181],{"class":314},[61,31258,3348],{"class":310},[61,31260,1314],{"class":93},[61,31262,28947],{"class":75},[61,31264,1324],{"class":93},[20,31266,31267],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[164,31269,31270,31273],{},[167,31271,31272],{},"The key",[167,31274,31275],{},"The value",[20,31277,31278],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31280,31281],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[52,31283,31285],{"className":54,"code":31284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31286,31287,31307,31332,31336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31288,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31290,9199],{"class":67},[61,31292,72],{"class":71},[61,31294,1305],{"class":93},[61,31296,1010],{"class":310},[61,31298,221],{"class":314},[61,31300,1010],{"class":310},[61,31302,1314],{"class":93},[61,31304,5535],{"class":75},[61,31306,1324],{"class":93},[61,31308,31309,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,31310,31311],{"class":67},"bad_pairs ",[61,31313,72],{"class":71},[61,31315,9253],{"class":93},[61,31317,1010],{"class":310},[61,31319,1101],{"class":314},[61,31321,1010],{"class":310},[61,31323,106],{"class":93},[61,31325,3040],{"class":75},[61,31327,106],{"class":93},[61,31329,1020],{"class":75},[61,31331,9281],{"class":93},[61,31333,31334],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,31335,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,31337,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31349],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,31339,9237],{"class":67},[61,31341,229],{"class":93},[61,31343,30492],{"class":102},[61,31345,94],{"class":93},[61,31347,31348],{"class":102},"bad_pairs",[61,31350,258],{"class":93},[20,31352,31353],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31355,31356],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[47,31358,31360],{"id":31359},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31362,31363],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[52,31365,31367],{"className":54,"code":31366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31368,31369,31393,31425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31370,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31372,11516],{"class":67},[61,31374,72],{"class":71},[61,31376,1305],{"class":93},[61,31378,1010],{"class":310},[61,31380,335],{"class":314},[61,31382,1010],{"class":310},[61,31384,1314],{"class":93},[61,31386,311],{"class":310},[61,31388,28940],{"class":314},[61,31390,1010],{"class":310},[61,31392,1324],{"class":93},[61,31394,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31414,31416,31418,31421,31423],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,31396,11609],{"class":67},[61,31398,229],{"class":93},[61,31400,30492],{"class":102},[61,31402,94],{"class":93},[61,31404,9331],{"class":9208},[61,31406,72],{"class":71},[61,31408,9226],{"class":75},[61,31410,106],{"class":93},[61,31412,31413],{"class":9208}," city",[61,31415,72],{"class":71},[61,31417,1010],{"class":310},[61,31419,31420],{"class":314},"Madrid",[61,31422,1010],{"class":310},[61,31424,258],{"class":93},[61,31426,31427,31429,31431,31433],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,31428,90],{"class":89},[61,31430,94],{"class":93},[61,31432,11609],{"class":102},[61,31434,258],{"class":93},[20,31436,345],{},[52,31438,31440],{"className":54,"code":31439,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31441,31442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31443,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31445,9310],{"class":93},[61,31447,3348],{"class":310},[61,31449,335],{"class":314},[61,31451,3348],{"class":310},[61,31453,1314],{"class":93},[61,31455,3343],{"class":310},[61,31457,28940],{"class":314},[61,31459,3348],{"class":310},[61,31461,106],{"class":93},[61,31463,3343],{"class":310},[61,31465,9331],{"class":314},[61,31467,3348],{"class":310},[61,31469,1314],{"class":93},[61,31471,9338],{"class":75},[61,31473,106],{"class":93},[61,31475,3343],{"class":310},[61,31477,10440],{"class":314},[61,31479,3348],{"class":310},[61,31481,1314],{"class":93},[61,31483,3343],{"class":310},[61,31485,31420],{"class":314},[61,31487,3348],{"class":310},[61,31489,1324],{"class":93},[20,31491,31492],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31494,31495],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31497,31498],{},"These work:",[164,31500,31501,31505,31509],{},[167,31502,31503],{},[15,31504,9331],{},[167,31506,31507],{},[15,31508,10440],{},[167,31510,31511],{},[15,31512,31513],{},"first_name",[20,31515,31516],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[164,31518,31519,31524],{},[167,31520,31521],{},[15,31522,31523],{},"\"first name\"",[167,31525,31526],{},[15,31527,31528],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31530,31531],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[52,31533,31535],{"className":54,"code":31534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31536,31537,31545,31585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31538,31539,31541,31543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31540,11516],{"class":67},[61,31542,72],{"class":71},[61,31544,9869],{"class":93},[61,31546,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31576,31578,31580,31583],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,31548,11609],{"class":67},[61,31550,229],{"class":93},[61,31552,30492],{"class":102},[61,31554,5567],{"class":93},[61,31556,1010],{"class":310},[61,31558,10543],{"class":314},[61,31560,1010],{"class":310},[61,31562,1314],{"class":93},[61,31564,311],{"class":310},[61,31566,28940],{"class":314},[61,31568,1010],{"class":310},[61,31570,106],{"class":93},[61,31572,311],{"class":310},[61,31574,31575],{"class":314},"user-id",[61,31577,1010],{"class":310},[61,31579,1314],{"class":93},[61,31581,31582],{"class":75}," 1001",[61,31584,30524],{"class":93},[61,31586,31587,31589,31591,31593],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,31588,90],{"class":89},[61,31590,94],{"class":93},[61,31592,11609],{"class":102},[61,31594,258],{"class":93},[47,31596,17445],{"id":17444},[20,31598,31599,2446,31601,229],{},[15,31600,14981],{},[15,31602,3820],{},[20,31604,14075],{},[20,31606,24736],{},[52,31608,31610],{"className":54,"code":31609,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31611,31612,31636,31662,31666,31676],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31613,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31615,13231],{"class":67},[61,31617,72],{"class":71},[61,31619,1305],{"class":93},[61,31621,1010],{"class":310},[61,31623,335],{"class":314},[61,31625,1010],{"class":310},[61,31627,1314],{"class":93},[61,31629,311],{"class":310},[61,31631,1319],{"class":314},[61,31633,1010],{"class":310},[61,31635,1324],{"class":93},[61,31637,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,31639,1593],{"class":67},[61,31641,72],{"class":71},[61,31643,13274],{"class":67},[61,31645,229],{"class":93},[61,31647,30492],{"class":102},[61,31649,5567],{"class":93},[61,31651,1010],{"class":310},[61,31653,9331],{"class":314},[61,31655,1010],{"class":310},[61,31657,1314],{"class":93},[61,31659,7825],{"class":75},[61,31661,30524],{"class":93},[61,31663,31664],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,31665,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,31667,31668,31670,31672,31674],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,31669,90],{"class":89},[61,31671,94],{"class":93},[61,31673,1620],{"class":102},[61,31675,258],{"class":93},[61,31677,31678,31680,31682,31684],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,31679,90],{"class":89},[61,31681,94],{"class":93},[61,31683,17333],{"class":102},[61,31685,258],{"class":93},[20,31687,345],{},[52,31689,31691],{"className":54,"code":31690,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31692,31693,31697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31694,31695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31696,11835],{"class":355},[61,31698,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,31700,9310],{"class":93},[61,31702,3348],{"class":310},[61,31704,335],{"class":314},[61,31706,3348],{"class":310},[61,31708,1314],{"class":93},[61,31710,3343],{"class":310},[61,31712,1319],{"class":314},[61,31714,3348],{"class":310},[61,31716,106],{"class":93},[61,31718,3343],{"class":310},[61,31720,9331],{"class":314},[61,31722,3348],{"class":310},[61,31724,1314],{"class":93},[61,31726,7825],{"class":75},[61,31728,1324],{"class":93},[20,31730,1443],{},[52,31732,31734],{"className":54,"code":31733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31735,31736,31760,31782,31786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31737,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31739,13231],{"class":67},[61,31741,72],{"class":71},[61,31743,1305],{"class":93},[61,31745,1010],{"class":310},[61,31747,335],{"class":314},[61,31749,1010],{"class":310},[61,31751,1314],{"class":93},[61,31753,311],{"class":310},[61,31755,1319],{"class":314},[61,31757,1010],{"class":310},[61,31759,1324],{"class":93},[61,31761,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,31763,17333],{"class":67},[61,31765,229],{"class":93},[61,31767,30492],{"class":102},[61,31769,5567],{"class":93},[61,31771,1010],{"class":310},[61,31773,9331],{"class":314},[61,31775,1010],{"class":310},[61,31777,1314],{"class":93},[61,31779,7825],{"class":75},[61,31781,30524],{"class":93},[61,31783,31784],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,31785,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,31787,31788,31790,31792,31794],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,31789,90],{"class":89},[61,31791,94],{"class":93},[61,31793,17333],{"class":102},[61,31795,258],{"class":93},[20,31797,345],{},[52,31799,31801],{"className":54,"code":31800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31802,31803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31804,31805,31807,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31806,9310],{"class":93},[61,31808,3348],{"class":310},[61,31810,335],{"class":314},[61,31812,3348],{"class":310},[61,31814,1314],{"class":93},[61,31816,3343],{"class":310},[61,31818,1319],{"class":314},[61,31820,3348],{"class":310},[61,31822,106],{"class":93},[61,31824,3343],{"class":310},[61,31826,9331],{"class":314},[61,31828,3348],{"class":310},[61,31830,1314],{"class":93},[61,31832,7825],{"class":75},[61,31834,1324],{"class":93},[20,31836,31837,31838,229],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[221,31839,17931],{"href":10760},[47,31841,5001,31843],{"id":31842},"when-to-use-update",[15,31844,14981],{},[20,31846,143,31847,10630],{},[15,31848,14981],{},[164,31850,31851,31854,31857,31860],{},[167,31852,31853],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[167,31855,31856],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[167,31858,31859],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[167,31861,31862],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31864,31865],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[52,31867,31869],{"className":54,"code":31868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31870,31871,31907,31922,31926,31965,31969,31979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31872,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31874,12113],{"class":67},[61,31876,72],{"class":71},[61,31878,1305],{"class":93},[61,31880,1010],{"class":310},[61,31882,335],{"class":314},[61,31884,1010],{"class":310},[61,31886,1314],{"class":93},[61,31888,311],{"class":310},[61,31890,1319],{"class":314},[61,31892,1010],{"class":310},[61,31894,106],{"class":93},[61,31896,311],{"class":310},[61,31898,9331],{"class":314},[61,31900,1010],{"class":310},[61,31902,1314],{"class":93},[61,31904,7825],{"class":75},[61,31906,1324],{"class":93},[61,31908,31909,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,31910,31911],{"class":67},"updated ",[61,31913,72],{"class":71},[61,31915,12188],{"class":67},[61,31917,229],{"class":93},[61,31919,12937],{"class":102},[61,31921,8676],{"class":93},[61,31923,31924],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,31925,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,31927,31928,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,31929,31930],{"class":67},"updated",[61,31932,229],{"class":93},[61,31934,30492],{"class":102},[61,31936,5567],{"class":93},[61,31938,1010],{"class":310},[61,31940,9331],{"class":314},[61,31942,1010],{"class":310},[61,31944,1314],{"class":93},[61,31946,30505],{"class":75},[61,31948,106],{"class":93},[61,31950,311],{"class":310},[61,31952,10440],{"class":314},[61,31954,1010],{"class":310},[61,31956,1314],{"class":93},[61,31958,311],{"class":310},[61,31960,16059],{"class":314},[61,31962,1010],{"class":310},[61,31964,30524],{"class":93},[61,31966,31967],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,31968,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,31970,31971,31973,31975,31977],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,31972,90],{"class":89},[61,31974,94],{"class":93},[61,31976,12160],{"class":102},[61,31978,258],{"class":93},[61,31980,31981,31983,31985,31987],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,31982,90],{"class":89},[61,31984,94],{"class":93},[61,31986,31930],{"class":102},[61,31988,258],{"class":93},[20,31990,345],{},[52,31992,31994],{"className":54,"code":31993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31995,31996,32028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31997,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31999,9310],{"class":93},[61,32001,3348],{"class":310},[61,32003,335],{"class":314},[61,32005,3348],{"class":310},[61,32007,1314],{"class":93},[61,32009,3343],{"class":310},[61,32011,1319],{"class":314},[61,32013,3348],{"class":310},[61,32015,106],{"class":93},[61,32017,3343],{"class":310},[61,32019,9331],{"class":314},[61,32021,3348],{"class":310},[61,32023,1314],{"class":93},[61,32025,7825],{"class":75},[61,32027,1324],{"class":93},[61,32029,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,32031,9310],{"class":93},[61,32033,3348],{"class":310},[61,32035,335],{"class":314},[61,32037,3348],{"class":310},[61,32039,1314],{"class":93},[61,32041,3343],{"class":310},[61,32043,1319],{"class":314},[61,32045,3348],{"class":310},[61,32047,106],{"class":93},[61,32049,3343],{"class":310},[61,32051,9331],{"class":314},[61,32053,3348],{"class":310},[61,32055,1314],{"class":93},[61,32057,30505],{"class":75},[61,32059,106],{"class":93},[61,32061,3343],{"class":310},[61,32063,10440],{"class":314},[61,32065,3348],{"class":310},[61,32067,1314],{"class":93},[61,32069,3343],{"class":310},[61,32071,16059],{"class":314},[61,32073,3348],{"class":310},[61,32075,1324],{"class":93},[20,32077,32078,32079,229],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[221,32080,16626],{"href":16625},[47,32082,2878],{"id":2877},[20,32084,10777,32085,1314],{},[15,32086,14981],{},[164,32088,32089,32096,32100,32103,32106],{},[167,32090,12621,32091,32093,32094],{},[15,32092,14981],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32095,3820],{},[167,32097,8485,32098,12629],{},[15,32099,14981],{},[167,32101,32102],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[167,32104,32105],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[167,32107,32108],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32110,32111],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[52,32113,32115],{"className":54,"code":32114,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32116,32117,32127,32141,32155,32177],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32118,32119,32121,32123,32125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32120,90],{"class":89},[61,32122,94],{"class":93},[61,32124,11479],{"class":102},[61,32126,258],{"class":93},[61,32128,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,32130,90],{"class":89},[61,32132,94],{"class":93},[61,32134,657],{"class":109},[61,32136,94],{"class":93},[61,32138,9237],{"class":102},[61,32140,342],{"class":93},[61,32142,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,32144,90],{"class":89},[61,32146,94],{"class":93},[61,32148,192],{"class":109},[61,32150,94],{"class":93},[61,32152,9237],{"class":102},[61,32154,342],{"class":93},[61,32156,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,32158,90],{"class":89},[61,32160,94],{"class":93},[61,32162,11479],{"class":102},[61,32164,229],{"class":93},[61,32166,19777],{"class":102},[61,32168,94],{"class":93},[61,32170,3348],{"class":310},[61,32172,14868],{"class":314},[61,32174,3348],{"class":310},[61,32176,342],{"class":93},[61,32178,32179,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,32180,32181],{"class":89},"help",[61,32183,94],{"class":93},[61,32185,199],{"class":109},[61,32187,229],{"class":93},[61,32189,30492],{"class":24778},[61,32191,258],{"class":93},[20,32193,32194],{},"These can help you check:",[164,32196,32197,32200,32205,32208,32211],{},[167,32198,32199],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[167,32201,32202,32203],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32204,14981],{},[167,32206,32207],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[167,32209,32210],{},"Whether a key exists",[167,32212,32213],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32215,32216,32217,229],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[221,32218,11292],{"href":11104},[47,32220,1879],{"id":1878},[260,32222,1928,32224,32226],{"id":32223},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32225,14981],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32228,32229,32230,229],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32231,3820],{},[260,32233,1928,32235,32237],{"id":32234},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32236,14981],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32239,32240],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[260,32242,1898,32244,32246],{"id":32243},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32245,14981],{}," add new keys?",[20,32248,32249],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[260,32251,28355,32253,32255],{"id":32252},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32254,14981],{}," with a list?",[20,32257,32258,32259,229],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32260,11124],{},[260,32262,1911,32264,32266],{"id":32263},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32265,14981],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32268,32269,32270,32272],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32271,14981],{}," can change many keys at once.",[47,32274,1938],{"id":1937},[164,32276,32277,32281,32285,32290,32294],{},[167,32278,32279],{},[221,32280,26121],{"href":9422},[167,32282,32283],{},[221,32284,11281],{"href":10760},[167,32286,32287],{},[221,32288,32289],{"href":31114},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[167,32291,32292],{},[221,32293,21485],{"href":16625},[167,32295,32296],{},[221,32297,11292],{"href":11104},[1969,32299,32300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":32302},[32303,32304,32306,32307,32309,32311,32312,32313,32315,32316,32328],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":30547,"depth":79,"text":32305},"What update() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":30907,"depth":79,"text":32308},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31118,"depth":79,"text":32310},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31359,"depth":79,"text":31360},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":31842,"depth":79,"text":32314},"When to use update()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":32317},[32318,32320,32322,32324,32326],{"id":32223,"depth":86,"text":32319},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32234,"depth":86,"text":32321},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32243,"depth":86,"text":32323},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32252,"depth":86,"text":32325},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32263,"depth":86,"text":32327},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30425,"description":32329},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32335,"title":32336,"body":32337,"description":34326,"extension":2017,"meta":34327,"navigation":82,"path":22922,"seo":34328,"stem":34329,"__hash__":34330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32338,"toc":34289},[32339,32344,32351,32354,32356,32455,32457,32512,32517,32522,32536,32541,32543,32558,32560,32574,32587,32592,32598,32605,32607,32714,32716,32765,32771,32846,32848,32869,32871,32874,32979,32981,33036,33038,33066,33070,33075,33154,33156,33176,33178,33189,33199,33203,33208,33312,33314,33339,33342,33353,33358,33367,33370,33387,33389,33476,33478,33541,33543,33566,33568,33573,33579,33584,33586,33625,33631,33634,33653,33664,33670,33673,33746,33748,33767,33772,33775,33798,33804,33807,33871,33874,33951,33958,33961,34020,34026,34028,34047,34051,34054,34105,34108,34128,34130,34191,34193,34198,34203,34208,34213,34218,34223,34229,34232,34241,34249,34251,34286],[10,32340,11348,32342,11352],{"id":32341},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32343,17098],{},[20,32345,32346,32347,32350],{},"The Python ",[15,32348,32349],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32352,32353],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[47,32355,2059],{"id":2058},[52,32357,32359],{"className":54,"code":32358,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32360,32361,32413,32427,32431,32441],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32362,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32364,12890],{"class":67},[61,32366,72],{"class":71},[61,32368,1305],{"class":93},[61,32370,1010],{"class":310},[61,32372,335],{"class":314},[61,32374,1010],{"class":310},[61,32376,1314],{"class":93},[61,32378,311],{"class":310},[61,32380,1319],{"class":314},[61,32382,1010],{"class":310},[61,32384,106],{"class":93},[61,32386,311],{"class":310},[61,32388,9331],{"class":314},[61,32390,1010],{"class":310},[61,32392,1314],{"class":93},[61,32394,7825],{"class":75},[61,32396,106],{"class":93},[61,32398,311],{"class":310},[61,32400,10440],{"class":314},[61,32402,1010],{"class":310},[61,32404,1314],{"class":93},[61,32406,311],{"class":310},[61,32408,16059],{"class":314},[61,32410,1010],{"class":310},[61,32412,1324],{"class":93},[61,32414,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,32416,3865],{"class":67},[61,32418,72],{"class":71},[61,32420,12932],{"class":67},[61,32422,229],{"class":93},[61,32424,5396],{"class":102},[61,32426,8676],{"class":93},[61,32428,32429],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,32430,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,32432,32433,32435,32437,32439],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,32434,90],{"class":89},[61,32436,94],{"class":93},[61,32438,5396],{"class":102},[61,32440,258],{"class":93},[61,32442,32443,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,32444,90],{"class":89},[61,32446,94],{"class":93},[61,32448,192],{"class":109},[61,32450,94],{"class":93},[61,32452,5396],{"class":102},[61,32454,342],{"class":93},[20,32456,345],{},[52,32458,32460],{"className":54,"code":32459,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32461,32462,32488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32463,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32465,17064],{"class":102},[61,32467,3032],{"class":93},[61,32469,3348],{"class":310},[61,32471,1319],{"class":314},[61,32473,3348],{"class":310},[61,32475,106],{"class":93},[61,32477,7825],{"class":75},[61,32479,106],{"class":93},[61,32481,3343],{"class":310},[61,32483,16059],{"class":314},[61,32485,3348],{"class":310},[61,32487,1365],{"class":93},[61,32489,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,32491,1356],{"class":93},[61,32493,3348],{"class":310},[61,32495,1319],{"class":314},[61,32497,3348],{"class":310},[61,32499,106],{"class":93},[61,32501,7825],{"class":75},[61,32503,106],{"class":93},[61,32505,3343],{"class":310},[61,32507,16059],{"class":314},[61,32509,3348],{"class":310},[61,32511,1115],{"class":93},[20,32513,32514,32516],{},[15,32515,17098],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[47,32518,151,32520,154],{"id":32519},"what-values-does",[15,32521,17098],{},[164,32523,32524,32527,32530,32533],{},[167,32525,32526],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[167,32528,32529],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[167,32531,32532],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[167,32534,32535],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32537,32538,32539,229],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[221,32540,9423],{"href":9422},[47,32542,233],{"id":232},[52,32544,32546],{"className":54,"code":32545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32547,32548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32549,32550,32552,32554,32556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32551,11479],{"class":67},[61,32553,229],{"class":93},[61,32555,5396],{"class":102},[61,32557,8676],{"class":93},[20,32559,13078],{},[164,32561,32562,32566,32569],{},[167,32563,32564,11495],{},[15,32565,17098],{},[167,32567,32568],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[167,32570,32571,32572],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32573,17098],{},[20,32575,32576,32577,749,32582,229],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[221,32578,32579,32581],{"href":17089},[15,32580,17092],{}," for dictionary keys",[221,32583,32584,32586],{"href":17101},[15,32585,17104],{}," for key-value pairs",[47,32588,151,32590,11732],{"id":32589},"what-values-returns",[15,32591,17098],{},[20,32593,32594,22003,32596,24792],{},[15,32595,17098],{},[15,32597,17064],{},[20,32599,32600,32601,32604],{},"This object is a ",[3784,32602,32603],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32606,295],{},[52,32608,32610],{"className":54,"code":32609,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32611,32612,32648,32652,32667,32678,32682,32704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32613,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32615,13231],{"class":67},[61,32617,72],{"class":71},[61,32619,1305],{"class":93},[61,32621,1010],{"class":310},[61,32623,335],{"class":314},[61,32625,1010],{"class":310},[61,32627,1314],{"class":93},[61,32629,311],{"class":310},[61,32631,7956],{"class":314},[61,32633,1010],{"class":310},[61,32635,106],{"class":93},[61,32637,311],{"class":310},[61,32639,9331],{"class":314},[61,32641,1010],{"class":310},[61,32643,1314],{"class":93},[61,32645,9338],{"class":75},[61,32647,1324],{"class":93},[61,32649,32650],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,32651,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,32653,32654,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,32655,32656],{"class":67},"values_view ",[61,32658,72],{"class":71},[61,32660,13274],{"class":67},[61,32662,229],{"class":93},[61,32664,5396],{"class":102},[61,32666,8676],{"class":93},[61,32668,32669,32671,32673,32676],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,32670,90],{"class":89},[61,32672,94],{"class":93},[61,32674,32675],{"class":102},"values_view",[61,32677,258],{"class":93},[61,32679,32680],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,32681,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,32683,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,32685,17333],{"class":67},[61,32687,1356],{"class":93},[61,32689,1010],{"class":310},[61,32691,10440],{"class":314},[61,32693,1010],{"class":310},[61,32695,13300],{"class":93},[61,32697,13303],{"class":71},[61,32699,311],{"class":310},[61,32701,30671],{"class":314},[61,32703,318],{"class":310},[61,32705,32706,32708,32710,32712],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,32707,90],{"class":89},[61,32709,94],{"class":93},[61,32711,32675],{"class":102},[61,32713,258],{"class":93},[20,32715,345],{},[52,32717,32719],{"className":54,"code":32718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32720,32721,32739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32722,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32724,17064],{"class":102},[61,32726,3032],{"class":93},[61,32728,3348],{"class":310},[61,32730,7956],{"class":314},[61,32732,3348],{"class":310},[61,32734,106],{"class":93},[61,32736,9338],{"class":75},[61,32738,1365],{"class":93},[61,32740,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,32742,17064],{"class":102},[61,32744,3032],{"class":93},[61,32746,3348],{"class":310},[61,32748,7956],{"class":314},[61,32750,3348],{"class":310},[61,32752,106],{"class":93},[61,32754,9338],{"class":75},[61,32756,106],{"class":93},[61,32758,3343],{"class":310},[61,32760,30671],{"class":314},[61,32762,3348],{"class":310},[61,32764,1365],{"class":93},[20,32766,32767,32768,229],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32769,32770],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[52,32772,32774],{"className":54,"code":32773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32775,32776,32812,32831,32835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32777,32778,32780,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32779,13231],{"class":67},[61,32781,72],{"class":71},[61,32783,1305],{"class":93},[61,32785,1010],{"class":310},[61,32787,335],{"class":314},[61,32789,1010],{"class":310},[61,32791,1314],{"class":93},[61,32793,311],{"class":310},[61,32795,7956],{"class":314},[61,32797,1010],{"class":310},[61,32799,106],{"class":93},[61,32801,311],{"class":310},[61,32803,9331],{"class":314},[61,32805,1010],{"class":310},[61,32807,1314],{"class":93},[61,32809,9338],{"class":75},[61,32811,1324],{"class":93},[61,32813,32814,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,32815,32816],{"class":67},"values_list ",[61,32818,72],{"class":71},[61,32820,605],{"class":109},[61,32822,94],{"class":93},[61,32824,17333],{"class":102},[61,32826,229],{"class":93},[61,32828,5396],{"class":102},[61,32830,7228],{"class":93},[61,32832,32833],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,32834,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,32836,32837,32839,32841,32844],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,32838,90],{"class":89},[61,32840,94],{"class":93},[61,32842,32843],{"class":102},"values_list",[61,32845,258],{"class":93},[20,32847,345],{},[52,32849,32851],{"className":54,"code":32850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32852,32853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32854,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32856,1356],{"class":93},[61,32858,3348],{"class":310},[61,32860,7956],{"class":314},[61,32862,3348],{"class":310},[61,32864,106],{"class":93},[61,32866,9338],{"class":75},[61,32868,1115],{"class":93},[47,32870,359],{"id":358},[20,32872,32873],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[52,32875,32877],{"className":54,"code":32876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32878,32879,32933,32937,32951,32955,32965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32880,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32914,32916,32918,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32882,24824],{"class":67},[61,32884,72],{"class":71},[61,32886,1305],{"class":93},[61,32888,1010],{"class":310},[61,32890,24833],{"class":314},[61,32892,1010],{"class":310},[61,32894,1314],{"class":93},[61,32896,311],{"class":310},[61,32898,24842],{"class":314},[61,32900,1010],{"class":310},[61,32902,106],{"class":93},[61,32904,311],{"class":310},[61,32906,24851],{"class":314},[61,32908,1010],{"class":310},[61,32910,1314],{"class":93},[61,32912,32913],{"class":75}," 2022",[61,32915,106],{"class":93},[61,32917,311],{"class":310},[61,32919,32920],{"class":314},"color",[61,32922,1010],{"class":310},[61,32924,1314],{"class":93},[61,32926,311],{"class":310},[61,32928,13136],{"class":314},[61,32930,1010],{"class":310},[61,32932,1324],{"class":93},[61,32934,32935],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,32936,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,32938,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,32940,1593],{"class":67},[61,32942,72],{"class":71},[61,32944,24873],{"class":67},[61,32946,229],{"class":93},[61,32948,5396],{"class":102},[61,32950,8676],{"class":93},[61,32952,32953],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,32954,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,32956,32957,32959,32961,32963],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,32958,90],{"class":89},[61,32960,94],{"class":93},[61,32962,1620],{"class":102},[61,32964,258],{"class":93},[61,32966,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,32968,90],{"class":89},[61,32970,94],{"class":93},[61,32972,192],{"class":109},[61,32974,94],{"class":93},[61,32976,1620],{"class":102},[61,32978,342],{"class":93},[20,32980,345],{},[52,32982,32984],{"className":54,"code":32983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32985,32986,33012],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32987,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32989,17064],{"class":102},[61,32991,3032],{"class":93},[61,32993,3348],{"class":310},[61,32995,24842],{"class":314},[61,32997,3348],{"class":310},[61,32999,106],{"class":93},[61,33001,32913],{"class":75},[61,33003,106],{"class":93},[61,33005,3343],{"class":310},[61,33007,13136],{"class":314},[61,33009,3348],{"class":310},[61,33011,1365],{"class":93},[61,33013,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33015,1356],{"class":93},[61,33017,3348],{"class":310},[61,33019,24842],{"class":314},[61,33021,3348],{"class":310},[61,33023,106],{"class":93},[61,33025,32913],{"class":75},[61,33027,106],{"class":93},[61,33029,3343],{"class":310},[61,33031,13136],{"class":314},[61,33033,3348],{"class":310},[61,33035,1115],{"class":93},[20,33037,11710],{},[164,33039,33040,33046,33052,33060],{},[167,33041,33042,33045],{},[15,33043,33044],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[167,33047,33048,33051],{},[15,33049,33050],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[167,33053,33054,33057,33058,24645],{},[15,33055,33056],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33059,17064],{},[167,33061,33062,33065],{},[15,33063,33064],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[47,33067,33069],{"id":33068},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33071,33072,33073,26090],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33074,5996],{},[52,33076,33078],{"className":54,"code":33077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33079,33080,33124,33128,33144],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33081,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33083,5104],{"class":67},[61,33085,72],{"class":71},[61,33087,1305],{"class":93},[61,33089,1010],{"class":310},[61,33091,18444],{"class":314},[61,33093,1010],{"class":310},[61,33095,1314],{"class":93},[61,33097,19925],{"class":75},[61,33099,106],{"class":93},[61,33101,311],{"class":310},[61,33103,31181],{"class":314},[61,33105,1010],{"class":310},[61,33107,1314],{"class":93},[61,33109,13534],{"class":75},[61,33111,106],{"class":93},[61,33113,311],{"class":310},[61,33115,18453],{"class":314},[61,33117,1010],{"class":310},[61,33119,1314],{"class":93},[61,33121,28947],{"class":75},[61,33123,1324],{"class":93},[61,33125,33126],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33127,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,33129,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,33131,5996],{"class":672},[61,33133,21612],{"class":67},[61,33135,3924],{"class":672},[61,33137,5151],{"class":67},[61,33139,229],{"class":93},[61,33141,5396],{"class":102},[61,33143,21623],{"class":93},[61,33145,33146,33148,33150,33152],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,33147,1141],{"class":89},[61,33149,94],{"class":93},[61,33151,103],{"class":102},[61,33153,258],{"class":93},[20,33155,345],{},[52,33157,33159],{"className":54,"code":33158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33160,33161,33166,33171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33162,33163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33164,33165],{"class":75},"90\n",[61,33167,33168],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33169,33170],{"class":75},"85\n",[61,33172,33173],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,33174,33175],{"class":75},"88\n",[20,33177,17737],{},[164,33179,33180,33183,33186],{},[167,33181,33182],{},"You only need the values",[167,33184,33185],{},"You do not care about the keys",[167,33187,33188],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33190,33191,33192,31,33196,229],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[221,33193,10766,33194,10770],{"href":17101},[15,33195,17104],{},[221,33197,22503],{"href":33198},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[47,33200,33202],{"id":33201},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33204,143,33205,33207],{},[15,33206,32770],{}," when you need a list.",[52,33209,33211],{"className":54,"code":33210,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33212,33213,33259,33263,33283,33287,33298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33214,33215,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248,33251,33253,33255,33257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33216,33217],{"class":67},"fruit_prices ",[61,33219,72],{"class":71},[61,33221,1305],{"class":93},[61,33223,1010],{"class":310},[61,33225,4118],{"class":314},[61,33227,1010],{"class":310},[61,33229,1314],{"class":93},[61,33231,3040],{"class":75},[61,33233,106],{"class":93},[61,33235,311],{"class":310},[61,33237,4127],{"class":314},[61,33239,1010],{"class":310},[61,33241,1314],{"class":93},[61,33243,5535],{"class":75},[61,33245,106],{"class":93},[61,33247,311],{"class":310},[61,33249,33250],{"class":314},"orange",[61,33252,1010],{"class":310},[61,33254,1314],{"class":93},[61,33256,1020],{"class":75},[61,33258,1324],{"class":93},[61,33260,33261],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33262,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,33264,33265,33268,33270,33272,33274,33277,33279,33281],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,33266,33267],{"class":67},"price_list ",[61,33269,72],{"class":71},[61,33271,605],{"class":109},[61,33273,94],{"class":93},[61,33275,33276],{"class":102},"fruit_prices",[61,33278,229],{"class":93},[61,33280,5396],{"class":102},[61,33282,7228],{"class":93},[61,33284,33285],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,33286,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,33288,33289,33291,33293,33296],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,33290,90],{"class":89},[61,33292,94],{"class":93},[61,33294,33295],{"class":102},"price_list",[61,33297,258],{"class":93},[61,33299,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,33301,90],{"class":89},[61,33303,94],{"class":93},[61,33305,33295],{"class":102},[61,33307,1356],{"class":93},[61,33309,2175],{"class":75},[61,33311,1365],{"class":93},[20,33313,345],{},[52,33315,33317],{"className":54,"code":33316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33318,33319,33335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33320,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33322,1356],{"class":93},[61,33324,2113],{"class":75},[61,33326,106],{"class":93},[61,33328,5535],{"class":75},[61,33330,106],{"class":93},[61,33332,1020],{"class":75},[61,33334,1115],{"class":93},[61,33336,33337],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33338,17083],{"class":75},[20,33340,33341],{},"This is helpful for:",[164,33343,33344,33347,33350],{},[167,33345,33346],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[167,33348,33349],{},"Accessing values by index",[167,33351,33352],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33354,3965,33355,33357],{},[15,33356,17064],{}," is not the same as a list.",[47,33359,33361,741,33363,741,33365],{"id":33360},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33362,17098],{},[15,33364,17092],{},[15,33366,17104],{},[20,33368,33369],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[164,33371,33372,33377,33382],{},[167,33373,33374,33376],{},[15,33375,17098],{}," returns only the values",[167,33378,33379,33381],{},[15,33380,17092],{}," returns only the keys",[167,33383,33384,33386],{},[15,33385,17104],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33388,2181],{},[52,33390,33392],{"className":54,"code":33391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33393,33394,33430,33434,33448,33462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33395,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33397,12890],{"class":67},[61,33399,72],{"class":71},[61,33401,1305],{"class":93},[61,33403,1010],{"class":310},[61,33405,335],{"class":314},[61,33407,1010],{"class":310},[61,33409,1314],{"class":93},[61,33411,311],{"class":310},[61,33413,1319],{"class":314},[61,33415,1010],{"class":310},[61,33417,106],{"class":93},[61,33419,311],{"class":310},[61,33421,9331],{"class":314},[61,33423,1010],{"class":310},[61,33425,1314],{"class":93},[61,33427,7825],{"class":75},[61,33429,1324],{"class":93},[61,33431,33432],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33433,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,33435,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,33437,90],{"class":89},[61,33439,94],{"class":93},[61,33441,13652],{"class":102},[61,33443,229],{"class":93},[61,33445,16950],{"class":102},[61,33447,7228],{"class":93},[61,33449,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,33451,90],{"class":89},[61,33453,94],{"class":93},[61,33455,13652],{"class":102},[61,33457,229],{"class":93},[61,33459,5396],{"class":102},[61,33461,7228],{"class":93},[61,33463,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,33465,90],{"class":89},[61,33467,94],{"class":93},[61,33469,13652],{"class":102},[61,33471,229],{"class":93},[61,33473,7845],{"class":102},[61,33475,7228],{"class":93},[20,33477,345],{},[52,33479,33481],{"className":54,"code":33480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33482,33483,33505,33523],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33484,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33486,17041],{"class":102},[61,33488,3032],{"class":93},[61,33490,3348],{"class":310},[61,33492,335],{"class":314},[61,33494,3348],{"class":310},[61,33496,106],{"class":93},[61,33498,3343],{"class":310},[61,33500,9331],{"class":314},[61,33502,3348],{"class":310},[61,33504,1365],{"class":93},[61,33506,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33508,17064],{"class":102},[61,33510,3032],{"class":93},[61,33512,3348],{"class":310},[61,33514,1319],{"class":314},[61,33516,3348],{"class":310},[61,33518,106],{"class":93},[61,33520,7825],{"class":75},[61,33522,1365],{"class":93},[61,33524,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,33526,21936],{"class":102},[61,33528,9689],{"class":93},[61,33530,3348],{"class":310},[61,33532,335],{"class":314},[61,33534,3348],{"class":310},[61,33536,106],{"class":93},[61,33538,7825],{"class":75},[61,33540,10708],{"class":93},[20,33542,18722],{},[164,33544,33545,33552,33559],{},[167,33546,33547,33551],{},[221,33548,33549],{"href":17089},[15,33550,17092],{}," when you need just the keys",[167,33553,33554,33558],{},[221,33555,33556],{"href":17095},[15,33557,17098],{}," when you need just the values",[167,33560,33561,33565],{},[221,33562,33563],{"href":17101},[15,33564,17104],{}," when you need both",[47,33567,1387],{"id":1386},[20,33569,33570,33571,229],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33572,17098],{},[260,33574,29677,33576,33578],{"id":33575},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33577,17098],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33580,33581,33583],{},[15,33582,17098],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33585,1400],{},[52,33587,33589],{"className":54,"code":33588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33590,33591,33611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33592,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33594,8340],{"class":67},[61,33596,72],{"class":71},[61,33598,1088],{"class":93},[61,33600,3035],{"class":75},[61,33602,106],{"class":93},[61,33604,3040],{"class":75},[61,33606,106],{"class":93},[61,33608,1020],{"class":75},[61,33610,1115],{"class":93},[61,33612,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33614,90],{"class":89},[61,33616,94],{"class":93},[61,33618,8371],{"class":102},[61,33620,229],{"class":93},[61,33622,5396],{"class":102},[61,33624,7228],{"class":93},[20,33626,33627,33628,33630],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33629,17098],{}," method.",[20,33632,33633],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[52,33635,33637],{"className":54,"code":33636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33638,33639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33640,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33642,90],{"class":89},[61,33644,94],{"class":93},[61,33646,657],{"class":109},[61,33648,94],{"class":93},[61,33650,8371],{"class":102},[61,33652,342],{"class":93},[20,33654,33655,33656,33658,33659,229],{},"If you get an ",[15,33657,25700],{},", see ",[221,33660,25708,33661,33663],{"href":25707},[15,33662,25711],{}," errors",[260,33665,4618,33667,33669],{"id":33666},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33668,17098],{}," returns a list",[20,33671,33672],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[52,33674,33676],{"className":54,"code":33675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33677,33678,33714,33728,33732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33679,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33681,12890],{"class":67},[61,33683,72],{"class":71},[61,33685,1305],{"class":93},[61,33687,1010],{"class":310},[61,33689,335],{"class":314},[61,33691,1010],{"class":310},[61,33693,1314],{"class":93},[61,33695,311],{"class":310},[61,33697,1319],{"class":314},[61,33699,1010],{"class":310},[61,33701,106],{"class":93},[61,33703,311],{"class":310},[61,33705,9331],{"class":314},[61,33707,1010],{"class":310},[61,33709,1314],{"class":93},[61,33711,7825],{"class":75},[61,33713,1324],{"class":93},[61,33715,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33717,3865],{"class":67},[61,33719,72],{"class":71},[61,33721,12932],{"class":67},[61,33723,229],{"class":93},[61,33725,5396],{"class":102},[61,33727,8676],{"class":93},[61,33729,33730],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,33731,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,33733,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,33735,90],{"class":89},[61,33737,94],{"class":93},[61,33739,657],{"class":109},[61,33741,94],{"class":93},[61,33743,5396],{"class":102},[61,33745,342],{"class":93},[20,33747,345],{},[52,33749,33751],{"className":54,"code":33750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33752,33753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33754,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33756,3337],{"class":71},[61,33758,3340],{"class":882},[61,33760,3343],{"class":310},[61,33762,17064],{"class":314},[61,33764,3348],{"class":310},[61,33766,3351],{"class":71},[20,33768,1889,33769,33771],{},[15,33770,17064],{},", not a list.",[20,33773,33774],{},"If you need a list:",[52,33776,33778],{"className":54,"code":33777,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33779,33780],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33781,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33783,3865],{"class":67},[61,33785,72],{"class":71},[61,33787,605],{"class":109},[61,33789,94],{"class":93},[61,33791,13652],{"class":102},[61,33793,229],{"class":93},[61,33795,5396],{"class":102},[61,33797,7228],{"class":93},[260,33799,33801,33802],{"id":33800},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33803,17064],{},[20,33805,33806],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[52,33808,33810],{"className":54,"code":33809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33811,33812,33848,33862,33866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33813,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33815,12890],{"class":67},[61,33817,72],{"class":71},[61,33819,1305],{"class":93},[61,33821,1010],{"class":310},[61,33823,335],{"class":314},[61,33825,1010],{"class":310},[61,33827,1314],{"class":93},[61,33829,311],{"class":310},[61,33831,1319],{"class":314},[61,33833,1010],{"class":310},[61,33835,106],{"class":93},[61,33837,311],{"class":310},[61,33839,9331],{"class":314},[61,33841,1010],{"class":310},[61,33843,1314],{"class":93},[61,33845,7825],{"class":75},[61,33847,1324],{"class":93},[61,33849,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33851,3865],{"class":67},[61,33853,72],{"class":71},[61,33855,12932],{"class":67},[61,33857,229],{"class":93},[61,33859,5396],{"class":102},[61,33861,8676],{"class":93},[61,33863,33864],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,33865,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,33867,33868],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,33869,33870],{"class":116},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33872,33873],{},"Convert to a list first:",[52,33875,33877],{"className":54,"code":33876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33878,33879,33915,33933,33937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33880,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33882,12890],{"class":67},[61,33884,72],{"class":71},[61,33886,1305],{"class":93},[61,33888,1010],{"class":310},[61,33890,335],{"class":314},[61,33892,1010],{"class":310},[61,33894,1314],{"class":93},[61,33896,311],{"class":310},[61,33898,1319],{"class":314},[61,33900,1010],{"class":310},[61,33902,106],{"class":93},[61,33904,311],{"class":310},[61,33906,9331],{"class":314},[61,33908,1010],{"class":310},[61,33910,1314],{"class":93},[61,33912,7825],{"class":75},[61,33914,1324],{"class":93},[61,33916,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,33918,3865],{"class":67},[61,33920,72],{"class":71},[61,33922,605],{"class":109},[61,33924,94],{"class":93},[61,33926,13652],{"class":102},[61,33928,229],{"class":93},[61,33930,5396],{"class":102},[61,33932,7228],{"class":93},[61,33934,33935],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,33936,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,33938,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,33940,90],{"class":89},[61,33942,94],{"class":93},[61,33944,5396],{"class":102},[61,33946,1356],{"class":93},[61,33948,2175],{"class":75},[61,33950,1365],{"class":93},[260,33952,8449,33954,1395,33956],{"id":33953},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33955,5396],{},[15,33957,17098],{},[20,33959,33960],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[52,33962,33964],{"className":54,"code":33963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33965,33966,34002,34006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33967,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33969,12890],{"class":67},[61,33971,72],{"class":71},[61,33973,1305],{"class":93},[61,33975,1010],{"class":310},[61,33977,335],{"class":314},[61,33979,1010],{"class":310},[61,33981,1314],{"class":93},[61,33983,311],{"class":310},[61,33985,1319],{"class":314},[61,33987,1010],{"class":310},[61,33989,106],{"class":93},[61,33991,311],{"class":310},[61,33993,9331],{"class":314},[61,33995,1010],{"class":310},[61,33997,1314],{"class":93},[61,33999,7825],{"class":75},[61,34001,1324],{"class":93},[61,34003,34004],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34005,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,34007,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,34009,90],{"class":89},[61,34011,94],{"class":93},[61,34013,13652],{"class":102},[61,34015,229],{"class":93},[61,34017,5396],{"class":24778},[61,34019,258],{"class":93},[20,34021,34022,34025],{},[15,34023,34024],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34027,18722],{},[52,34029,34031],{"className":54,"code":34030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34032,34033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34034,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34036,90],{"class":89},[61,34038,94],{"class":93},[61,34040,13652],{"class":102},[61,34042,229],{"class":93},[61,34044,5396],{"class":102},[61,34046,7228],{"class":93},[260,34048,34050],{"id":34049},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34052,34053],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[52,34055,34057],{"className":54,"code":34056,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34058,34059,34091],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34060,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34062,9199],{"class":67},[61,34064,72],{"class":71},[61,34066,1305],{"class":93},[61,34068,1010],{"class":310},[61,34070,221],{"class":314},[61,34072,1010],{"class":310},[61,34074,1314],{"class":93},[61,34076,5535],{"class":75},[61,34078,106],{"class":93},[61,34080,311],{"class":310},[61,34082,1101],{"class":314},[61,34084,1010],{"class":310},[61,34086,1314],{"class":93},[61,34088,3040],{"class":75},[61,34090,1324],{"class":93},[61,34092,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34094,90],{"class":89},[61,34096,94],{"class":93},[61,34098,9237],{"class":102},[61,34100,229],{"class":93},[61,34102,5396],{"class":102},[61,34104,7228],{"class":93},[20,34106,34107],{},"Not like this:",[52,34109,34111],{"className":54,"code":34110,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34112,34113,34118,34123],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34114,34115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34116,34117],{"class":116},"# Wrong examples:\n",[61,34119,34120],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34121,34122],{"class":116},"# data().values()\n",[61,34124,34125],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,34126,34127],{"class":116},"# values(data)\n",[20,34129,3388],{},[52,34131,34133],{"className":54,"code":34132,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34134,34135,34149,34159,34173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34136,34137,34139,34141,34143,34145,34147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34138,90],{"class":89},[61,34140,94],{"class":93},[61,34142,657],{"class":109},[61,34144,94],{"class":93},[61,34146,11479],{"class":102},[61,34148,342],{"class":93},[61,34150,34151,34153,34155,34157],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34152,90],{"class":89},[61,34154,94],{"class":93},[61,34156,11479],{"class":102},[61,34158,258],{"class":93},[61,34160,34161,34163,34165,34167,34169,34171],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,34162,90],{"class":89},[61,34164,94],{"class":93},[61,34166,11479],{"class":102},[61,34168,229],{"class":93},[61,34170,5396],{"class":102},[61,34172,7228],{"class":93},[61,34174,34175,34177,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,34176,90],{"class":89},[61,34178,94],{"class":93},[61,34180,192],{"class":109},[61,34182,94],{"class":93},[61,34184,11479],{"class":102},[61,34186,229],{"class":93},[61,34188,5396],{"class":102},[61,34190,6329],{"class":93},[47,34192,1879],{"id":1878},[260,34194,1883,34196,1886],{"id":34195},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34197,32349],{},[20,34199,17448,34200,34202],{},[15,34201,17064],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[260,34204,1928,34206,23959],{"id":34205},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34207,17098],{},[20,34209,23962,34210,23966],{},[15,34211,34212],{},"list(...)",[260,34214,26082,34216,1916],{"id":34215},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34217,32349],{},[20,34219,34220,34221,26090],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34222,5996],{},[260,34224,1928,34226,34228],{"id":34225},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34227,32349],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34230,34231],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[260,34233,34235,34236,34238,34239,1916],{"id":34234},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34237,17098],{}," different from ",[15,34240,17104],{},[20,34242,34243,34245,34246,34248],{},[15,34244,17098],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34247,17104],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[47,34250,1938],{"id":1937},[164,34252,34253,34259,34265,34269,34275,34279],{},[167,34254,34255],{},[221,34256,10766,34257,10770],{"href":17089},[15,34258,17092],{},[167,34260,34261],{},[221,34262,10766,34263,10770],{"href":17101},[15,34264,17104],{},[167,34266,34267],{},[221,34268,11272],{"href":9422},[167,34270,34271],{},[221,34272,34274],{"href":34273},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[167,34276,34277],{},[221,34278,24044],{"href":33198},[167,34280,34281],{},[221,34282,30375,34283],{"href":25707},[15,34284,34285],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1969,34287,34288],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":34290},[34291,34292,34294,34295,34297,34298,34299,34300,34302,34313,34325],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":32519,"depth":79,"text":34293},"What values() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":32589,"depth":79,"text":34296},"What values() returns",{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":33068,"depth":79,"text":33069},{"id":33201,"depth":79,"text":33202},{"id":33360,"depth":79,"text":34301},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":34303},[34304,34306,34308,34310,34312],{"id":33575,"depth":86,"text":34305},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33666,"depth":86,"text":34307},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33800,"depth":86,"text":34309},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33953,"depth":86,"text":34311},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34049,"depth":86,"text":34050},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":34314},[34315,34317,34319,34321,34323],{"id":34195,"depth":86,"text":34316},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34205,"depth":86,"text":34318},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34215,"depth":86,"text":34320},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34225,"depth":86,"text":34322},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34234,"depth":86,"text":34324},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32336,"description":34326},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34332,"title":34333,"body":34334,"description":35759,"extension":2017,"meta":35760,"navigation":82,"path":35761,"seo":35762,"stem":35763,"__hash__":35764},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34335,"toc":35711},[34336,34342,34347,34350,34366,34375,34377,34409,34415,34418,34513,34516,34521,34526,34529,34540,34542,34556,34562,34564,34569,34575,34578,34617,34625,34630,34633,34678,34681,34693,34699,34705,34709,34740,34743,34761,34764,34768,34807,34809,34829,34832,34844,34849,34855,34858,34909,34912,34923,34926,34937,34940,34944,34950,34952,34982,34985,35000,35003,35006,35025,35028,35044,35053,35055,35086,35092,35097,35100,35107,35138,35141,35163,35166,35169,35183,35187,35218,35233,35240,35247,35251,35259,35263,35271,35274,35323,35334,35336,35339,35345,35350,35360,35364,35367,35370,35374,35377,35379,35400,35404,35410,35421,35427,35429,35435,35459,35462,35525,35528,35556,35559,35621,35623,35628,35631,35638,35646,35653,35656,35664,35670,35672,35699,35708],[10,34337,13,34339,18],{"id":34338},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34340,34341],{},"dir()",[20,34343,32346,34344,34346],{},[15,34345,34341],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34348,34349],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[164,34351,34352,34355,34358,34363],{},[167,34353,34354],{},"learning Python",[167,34356,34357],{},"exploring a new object",[167,34359,34360,34361],{},"debugging an ",[15,34362,25700],{},[167,34364,34365],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34367,34368,34369,34371,34372],{},"In short, ",[15,34370,34341],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3784,34373,34374],{},"“What can I use here?”",[47,34376,2059],{"id":2058},[52,34378,34380],{"className":54,"code":34379,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34381,34382,34394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34383,34384,34386,34388,34390,34392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34385,305],{"class":67},[61,34387,72],{"class":71},[61,34389,311],{"class":310},[61,34391,457],{"class":314},[61,34393,318],{"class":310},[61,34395,34396,34398,34400,34403,34405,34407],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34397,90],{"class":89},[61,34399,94],{"class":93},[61,34401,34402],{"class":89},"dir",[61,34404,94],{"class":93},[61,34406,335],{"class":102},[61,34408,342],{"class":93},[20,34410,143,34411,34414],{},[15,34412,34413],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34416,34417],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[52,34419,34421],{"className":54,"code":34420,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34422,34423],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34424,34425,34427,34429,34432,34434,34436,34438,34441,34443,34445,34447,34450,34452,34454,34456,34459,34461,34463,34465,34468,34470,34472,34474,34477,34479,34481,34485,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34500,34502,34504,34506,34509,34511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34426,1356],{"class":93},[61,34428,3348],{"class":310},[61,34430,34431],{"class":314},"__add__",[61,34433,3348],{"class":310},[61,34435,106],{"class":93},[61,34437,3343],{"class":310},[61,34439,34440],{"class":314},"__class__",[61,34442,3348],{"class":310},[61,34444,106],{"class":93},[61,34446,3343],{"class":310},[61,34448,34449],{"class":314},"__contains__",[61,34451,3348],{"class":310},[61,34453,106],{"class":93},[61,34455,3343],{"class":310},[61,34457,34458],{"class":314},"__delattr__",[61,34460,3348],{"class":310},[61,34462,106],{"class":93},[61,34464,3343],{"class":310},[61,34466,34467],{"class":314},"__dir__",[61,34469,3348],{"class":310},[61,34471,106],{"class":93},[61,34473,3343],{"class":310},[61,34475,34476],{"class":314},"__doc__",[61,34478,3348],{"class":310},[61,34480,106],{"class":93},[61,34482,34484],{"class":34483},"s_hVV"," ...",[61,34486,106],{"class":93},[61,34488,3343],{"class":310},[61,34490,8673],{"class":314},[61,34492,3348],{"class":310},[61,34494,106],{"class":93},[61,34496,3343],{"class":310},[61,34498,34499],{"class":314},"split",[61,34501,3348],{"class":310},[61,34503,106],{"class":93},[61,34505,3343],{"class":310},[61,34507,34508],{"class":314},"upper",[61,34510,3348],{"class":310},[61,34512,1115],{"class":93},[20,34514,34515],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[47,34517,151,34519,154],{"id":34518},"what-dir-does",[15,34520,34341],{},[20,34522,34523,34525],{},[15,34524,34341],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34527,34528],{},"It usually includes:",[164,34530,34531,34534,34537],{},[167,34532,34533],{},"attributes",[167,34535,34536],{},"methods",[167,34538,34539],{},"special Python names",[20,34541,11488],{},[164,34543,34544,34550,34553],{},[167,34545,34546,34547],{},"The result is a ",[3784,34548,34549],{},"list of strings",[167,34551,34552],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[167,34554,34555],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34557,34558,34559,34561],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34560,34341],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[47,34563,233],{"id":232},[20,34565,34566,34568],{},[15,34567,34341],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[260,34570,34572,34574],{"id":34571},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34573,34341],{}," with no argument",[20,34576,34577],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[52,34579,34581],{"className":54,"code":34580,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34582,34583,34591,34603,34607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34584,34585,34587,34589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34586,3071],{"class":67},[61,34588,72],{"class":71},[61,34590,76],{"class":75},[61,34592,34593,34595,34597,34599,34601],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34594,305],{"class":67},[61,34596,72],{"class":71},[61,34598,311],{"class":310},[61,34600,7711],{"class":314},[61,34602,318],{"class":310},[61,34604,34605],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,34606,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,34608,34609,34611,34613,34615],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,34610,90],{"class":89},[61,34612,94],{"class":93},[61,34614,34402],{"class":89},[61,34616,7228],{"class":93},[20,34618,34619,34620,749,34622,34624],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34621,2228],{},[15,34623,335],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[260,34626,34628],{"id":34627},"dirobject",[15,34629,34413],{},[20,34631,34632],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[52,34634,34636],{"className":54,"code":34635,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34637,34638,34656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34639,34640,34642,34644,34646,34648,34650,34652,34654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34641,90],{"class":89},[61,34643,94],{"class":93},[61,34645,34402],{"class":89},[61,34647,94],{"class":93},[61,34649,1010],{"class":310},[61,34651,457],{"class":314},[61,34653,1010],{"class":310},[61,34655,342],{"class":93},[61,34657,34658,34660,34662,34664,34666,34668,34670,34672,34674,34676],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34659,90],{"class":89},[61,34661,94],{"class":93},[61,34663,34402],{"class":89},[61,34665,3032],{"class":93},[61,34667,3035],{"class":75},[61,34669,106],{"class":93},[61,34671,3040],{"class":75},[61,34673,106],{"class":93},[61,34675,1020],{"class":75},[61,34677,1518],{"class":93},[20,34679,34680],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[164,34682,34683,34685,34687,34690],{},[167,34684,5346],{},[167,34686,5337],{},[167,34688,34689],{},"modules",[167,34691,34692],{},"custom objects",[47,34694,8449,34696,34698],{"id":34695},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34697,34341],{}," with a value",[20,34700,34701,34702,34704],{},"A common use of ",[15,34703,34341],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[260,34706,34708],{"id":34707},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[52,34710,34712],{"className":54,"code":34711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34713,34714,34726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34715,34716,34718,34720,34722,34724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34717,450],{"class":67},[61,34719,72],{"class":71},[61,34721,311],{"class":310},[61,34723,457],{"class":314},[61,34725,318],{"class":310},[61,34727,34728,34730,34732,34734,34736,34738],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34729,90],{"class":89},[61,34731,94],{"class":93},[61,34733,34402],{"class":89},[61,34735,94],{"class":93},[61,34737,476],{"class":102},[61,34739,342],{"class":93},[20,34741,34742],{},"You will see method names like:",[164,34744,34745,34749,34753,34757],{},[167,34746,34747],{},[15,34748,8673],{},[167,34750,34751],{},[15,34752,34508],{},[167,34754,34755],{},[15,34756,34499],{},[167,34758,34759],{},[15,34760,8667],{},[20,34762,34763],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[260,34765,34767],{"id":34766},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[52,34769,34771],{"className":54,"code":34770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34772,34773,34793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34774,34775,34777,34779,34781,34783,34785,34787,34789,34791],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34776,3661],{"class":67},[61,34778,72],{"class":71},[61,34780,1088],{"class":93},[61,34782,3035],{"class":75},[61,34784,106],{"class":93},[61,34786,3040],{"class":75},[61,34788,106],{"class":93},[61,34790,1020],{"class":75},[61,34792,1115],{"class":93},[61,34794,34795,34797,34799,34801,34803,34805],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34796,90],{"class":89},[61,34798,94],{"class":93},[61,34800,34402],{"class":89},[61,34802,94],{"class":93},[61,34804,3691],{"class":102},[61,34806,342],{"class":93},[20,34808,34742],{},[164,34810,34811,34815,34819,34824],{},[167,34812,34813],{},[15,34814,13580],{},[167,34816,34817],{},[15,34818,26267],{},[167,34820,34821],{},[15,34822,34823],{},"remove",[167,34825,34826],{},[15,34827,34828],{},"sort",[20,34830,34831],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34833,34834,34835,34840,34841,34843],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[221,34836,34838],{"href":34837},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34839,44],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34842,34341],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[47,34845,8449,34847,34574],{"id":34846},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34848,34341],{},[20,34850,34851,34852,34854],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34853,34341],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34856,34857],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[52,34859,34861],{"className":54,"code":34860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34862,34863,34871,34875,34884,34895,34899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34864,34865,34867,34869],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34866,3071],{"class":67},[61,34868,72],{"class":71},[61,34870,1493],{"class":75},[61,34872,34873],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34874,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,34876,34877,34879,34882],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,34878,883],{"class":882},[61,34880,34881],{"class":886}," greet",[61,34883,21623],{"class":93},[61,34885,34886,34888,34890,34893],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,34887,981],{"class":672},[61,34889,311],{"class":310},[61,34891,34892],{"class":314},"Hello",[61,34894,318],{"class":310},[61,34896,34897],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,34898,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,34900,34901,34903,34905,34907],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,34902,90],{"class":89},[61,34904,94],{"class":93},[61,34906,34402],{"class":89},[61,34908,7228],{"class":93},[20,34910,34911],{},"The output will include names like:",[164,34913,34914,34918],{},[167,34915,34916],{},[15,34917,2228],{},[167,34919,34920],{},[15,34921,34922],{},"greet",[20,34924,34925],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[164,34927,34928,34931,34934],{},[167,34929,34930],{},"what variables exist",[167,34932,34933],{},"what functions you have defined",[167,34935,34936],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34938,34939],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[47,34941,34943],{"id":34942},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34945,34946,34947,34949],{},"When you first use ",[15,34948,34341],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34951,295],{},[52,34953,34954],{"className":54,"code":34711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,34955,34956,34968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34957,34958,34960,34962,34964,34966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34959,450],{"class":67},[61,34961,72],{"class":71},[61,34963,311],{"class":310},[61,34965,457],{"class":314},[61,34967,318],{"class":310},[61,34969,34970,34972,34974,34976,34978,34980],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,34971,90],{"class":89},[61,34973,94],{"class":93},[61,34975,34402],{"class":89},[61,34977,94],{"class":93},[61,34979,476],{"class":102},[61,34981,342],{"class":93},[20,34983,34984],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[164,34986,34987,34991,34995],{},[167,34988,34989],{},[15,34990,34440],{},[167,34992,34993],{},[15,34994,34476],{},[167,34996,34997],{},[15,34998,34999],{},"__len__",[20,35001,35002],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35004,35005],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[164,35007,35008,35012,35016,35020],{},[167,35009,35010],{},[15,35011,34508],{},[167,35013,35014],{},[15,35015,8673],{},[167,35017,35018],{},[15,35019,34499],{},[167,35021,35022],{},[15,35023,35024],{},"replace",[20,35026,35027],{},"A key point to remember:",[164,35029,35030,35038],{},[167,35031,35032,35034,35035],{},[15,35033,34341],{}," lists ",[3784,35036,35037],{},"names only",[167,35039,35040,35041,35043],{},"it does ",[3784,35042,4670],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35045,35046,35047,229],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[221,35048,35050],{"href":35049},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35051,35052],{},"help()",[20,35054,5509],{},[52,35056,35058],{"className":54,"code":35057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35059,35060,35072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35061,35062,35064,35066,35068,35070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35063,305],{"class":67},[61,35065,72],{"class":71},[61,35067,311],{"class":310},[61,35069,457],{"class":314},[61,35071,318],{"class":310},[61,35073,35074,35076,35078,35080,35082,35084],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35075,32181],{"class":89},[61,35077,94],{"class":93},[61,35079,335],{"class":102},[61,35081,229],{"class":93},[61,35083,34508],{"class":24778},[61,35085,258],{"class":93},[47,35087,35089,35091],{"id":35088},"dir-on-modules",[15,35090,34341],{}," on modules",[20,35093,15742,35094,35096],{},[15,35095,34341],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35098,35099],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[260,35101,35103,35104,35106],{"id":35102},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35105,18444],{}," module",[52,35108,35110],{"className":54,"code":35109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35111,35112,35120,35124],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35113,35114,35117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35115,35116],{"class":672},"import",[61,35118,35119],{"class":67}," math\n",[61,35121,35122],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35123,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,35125,35126,35128,35130,35132,35134,35136],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35127,90],{"class":89},[61,35129,94],{"class":93},[61,35131,34402],{"class":89},[61,35133,94],{"class":93},[61,35135,18444],{"class":102},[61,35137,342],{"class":93},[20,35139,35140],{},"You may see names like:",[164,35142,35143,35148,35153,35158],{},[167,35144,35145],{},[15,35146,35147],{},"sqrt",[167,35149,35150],{},[15,35151,35152],{},"ceil",[167,35154,35155],{},[15,35156,35157],{},"floor",[167,35159,35160],{},[15,35161,35162],{},"pi",[20,35164,35165],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35167,35168],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[164,35170,35171,35177],{},[167,35172,35173],{},[221,35174,35176],{"href":35175},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[167,35178,35179],{},[221,35180,35182],{"href":35181},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[260,35184,35186],{"id":35185},"another-example","Another example",[52,35188,35190],{"className":54,"code":35189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35191,35192,35199,35203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35193,35194,35196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35195,35116],{"class":672},[61,35197,35198],{"class":67}," json\n",[61,35200,35201],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35202,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,35204,35205,35207,35209,35211,35213,35216],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35206,90],{"class":89},[61,35208,94],{"class":93},[61,35210,34402],{"class":89},[61,35212,94],{"class":93},[61,35214,35215],{"class":102},"json",[61,35217,342],{"class":93},[20,35219,35220,35221,186,35224,186,35227,196,35230,229],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35222,35223],{},"dump",[15,35225,35226],{},"dumps",[15,35228,35229],{},"load",[15,35231,35232],{},"loads",[47,35234,35236,741,35238],{"id":35235},"dir-vs-help",[15,35237,34341],{},[15,35239,35052],{},[20,35241,35242,749,35244,35246],{},[15,35243,34341],{},[15,35245,35052],{}," are often used together.",[260,35248,35249],{"id":34402},[15,35250,34341],{},[164,35252,35253,35256],{},[167,35254,35255],{},"shows available names",[167,35257,35258],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[260,35260,35261],{"id":32181},[15,35262,35052],{},[164,35264,35265,35268],{},[167,35266,35267],{},"explains what an object or function does",[167,35269,35270],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35272,35273],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[52,35275,35277],{"className":54,"code":35276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35278,35279,35291,35295,35309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35280,35281,35283,35285,35287,35289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35282,305],{"class":67},[61,35284,72],{"class":71},[61,35286,311],{"class":310},[61,35288,457],{"class":314},[61,35290,318],{"class":310},[61,35292,35293],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35294,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,35296,35297,35299,35301,35303,35305,35307],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35298,90],{"class":89},[61,35300,94],{"class":93},[61,35302,34402],{"class":89},[61,35304,94],{"class":93},[61,35306,335],{"class":102},[61,35308,342],{"class":93},[61,35310,35311,35313,35315,35317,35319,35321],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,35312,32181],{"class":89},[61,35314,94],{"class":93},[61,35316,335],{"class":102},[61,35318,229],{"class":93},[61,35320,34508],{"class":24778},[61,35322,258],{"class":93},[20,35324,143,35325,35327,35328,35330,35331,35333],{},[15,35326,34341],{}," first to find a method name.",[9877,35329],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35332,35052],{}," to understand how to use it.",[47,35335,25386],{"id":25385},[20,35337,35338],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[260,35340,35342,35344],{"id":35341},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35343,34341],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35346,35347,35349],{},[15,35348,34341],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35351,35352,35353,35355,35356,35359],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35354,34508],{}," in ",[15,35357,35358],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[260,35361,35363],{"id":35362},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35365,35366],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35368,35369],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[260,35371,35373],{"id":35372},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35375,35376],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35378,5509],{},[164,35380,35381,35386,35392],{},[167,35382,35383,35385],{},[15,35384,35358],{}," shows string-related names",[167,35387,35388,35391],{},[15,35389,35390],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[167,35393,35394,35397,35398,35106],{},[15,35395,35396],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35399,18444],{},[260,35401,35403],{"id":35402},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35405,35406,35407,35409],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35408,34341],{}," does not mean you already know:",[164,35411,35412,35415,35418],{},[167,35413,35414],{},"what it does",[167,35416,35417],{},"what arguments it needs",[167,35419,35420],{},"what it returns",[20,35422,35423,35424,35426],{},"That is why ",[15,35425,35052],{}," is the natural next step.",[47,35428,2878],{"id":2877},[20,35430,35431,35432,35434],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35433,34341],{}," in these situations:",[164,35436,35437,35440,35449,35452],{},[167,35438,35439],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[167,35441,35442,35443,35448],{},"Seeing an ",[221,35444,35446],{"href":35445},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35447,25700],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[167,35450,35451],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[167,35453,8449,35454,35456,35457],{},[15,35455,34341],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35458,35052],{},[20,35460,35461],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[52,35463,35465],{"className":54,"code":35464,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35466,35467,35479,35483,35497,35511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35468,35469,35471,35473,35475,35477],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35470,305],{"class":67},[61,35472,72],{"class":71},[61,35474,311],{"class":310},[61,35476,457],{"class":314},[61,35478,318],{"class":310},[61,35480,35481],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35482,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,35484,35485,35487,35489,35491,35493,35495],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35486,90],{"class":89},[61,35488,94],{"class":93},[61,35490,657],{"class":109},[61,35492,94],{"class":93},[61,35494,335],{"class":102},[61,35496,342],{"class":93},[61,35498,35499,35501,35503,35505,35507,35509],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,35500,90],{"class":89},[61,35502,94],{"class":93},[61,35504,34402],{"class":89},[61,35506,94],{"class":93},[61,35508,335],{"class":102},[61,35510,342],{"class":93},[61,35512,35513,35515,35517,35519,35521,35523],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,35514,32181],{"class":89},[61,35516,94],{"class":93},[61,35518,335],{"class":102},[61,35520,229],{"class":93},[61,35522,34508],{"class":24778},[61,35524,258],{"class":93},[20,35526,35527],{},"And for modules:",[52,35529,35530],{"className":54,"code":35109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,35531,35532,35538,35542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35533,35534,35536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35535,35116],{"class":672},[61,35537,35119],{"class":67},[61,35539,35540],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35541,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,35543,35544,35546,35548,35550,35552,35554],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35545,90],{"class":89},[61,35547,94],{"class":93},[61,35549,34402],{"class":89},[61,35551,94],{"class":93},[61,35553,18444],{"class":102},[61,35555,342],{"class":93},[20,35557,35558],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[52,35560,35562],{"className":54,"code":35561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35563,35564,35569,35581,35591,35605,35611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35565,35566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35567,35568],{"class":67},"python\n",[61,35570,35571,35573,35575,35577,35579],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35572,305],{"class":67},[61,35574,72],{"class":71},[61,35576,311],{"class":310},[61,35578,457],{"class":314},[61,35580,318],{"class":310},[61,35582,35583,35585,35587,35589],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35584,34402],{"class":89},[61,35586,94],{"class":93},[61,35588,335],{"class":102},[61,35590,258],{"class":93},[61,35592,35593,35595,35597,35599,35601,35603],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,35594,32181],{"class":89},[61,35596,94],{"class":93},[61,35598,335],{"class":102},[61,35600,229],{"class":93},[61,35602,34508],{"class":24778},[61,35604,258],{"class":93},[61,35606,35607,35609],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,35608,35116],{"class":672},[61,35610,35119],{"class":67},[61,35612,35613,35615,35617,35619],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,35614,34402],{"class":89},[61,35616,94],{"class":93},[61,35618,18444],{"class":102},[61,35620,258],{"class":93},[47,35622,1879],{"id":1878},[260,35624,1883,35626,1886],{"id":35625},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35627,34341],{},[20,35629,35630],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[260,35632,1911,35634,749,35636,1916],{"id":35633},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35635,34341],{},[15,35637,35052],{},[20,35639,35640,35642,35643,35645],{},[15,35641,34341],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35644,35052],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[260,35647,35649,35650,35652],{"id":35648},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35651,34341],{}," output?",[20,35654,35655],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[260,35657,1898,35659,35661,35662,1916],{"id":35658},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35660,34341],{}," help fix ",[15,35663,25700],{},[20,35665,35666,35667,229],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[221,35668,35669],{"href":35445},"object has no attribute",[47,35671,1938],{"id":1937},[164,35673,35674,35680,35685,35689,35693],{},[167,35675,35676],{},[221,35677,13,35678,1947],{"href":35049},[15,35679,35052],{},[167,35681,35682],{},[221,35683,35684],{"href":35445},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[167,35686,35687],{},[221,35688,35176],{"href":35175},[167,35690,35691],{},[221,35692,35182],{"href":35181},[167,35694,35695],{},[221,35696,13,35697,1947],{"href":34837},[15,35698,44],{},[20,35700,35701,35702,35704,35705,35707],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35703,34341],{}," together with ",[15,35706,35052],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1969,35709,35710],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":35712},[35713,35714,35716,35721,35726,35728,35729,35735,35740,35747,35748,35758],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":34518,"depth":79,"text":35715},"What dir() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":35717},[35718,35720],{"id":34571,"depth":86,"text":35719},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34627,"depth":86,"text":34413},{"id":34695,"depth":79,"text":35722,"children":35723},"Using dir() with a value",[35724,35725],{"id":34707,"depth":86,"text":34708},{"id":34766,"depth":86,"text":34767},{"id":34846,"depth":79,"text":35727},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34942,"depth":79,"text":34943},{"id":35088,"depth":79,"text":35730,"children":35731},"dir() on modules",[35732,35734],{"id":35102,"depth":86,"text":35733},"Example: math module",{"id":35185,"depth":86,"text":35186},{"id":35235,"depth":79,"text":35736,"children":35737},"dir() vs help()",[35738,35739],{"id":34402,"depth":86,"text":34341},{"id":32181,"depth":86,"text":35052},{"id":25385,"depth":79,"text":25386,"children":35741},[35742,35744,35745,35746],{"id":35341,"depth":86,"text":35743},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35362,"depth":86,"text":35363},{"id":35372,"depth":86,"text":35373},{"id":35402,"depth":86,"text":35403},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":35749},[35750,35752,35754,35756],{"id":35625,"depth":86,"text":35751},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35633,"depth":86,"text":35753},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35648,"depth":86,"text":35755},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35658,"depth":86,"text":35757},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34333,"description":35759},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35766,"title":35767,"body":35768,"description":37588,"extension":2017,"meta":37589,"navigation":82,"path":37590,"seo":37591,"stem":37592,"__hash__":37593},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35769,"toc":37557},[35770,35776,35781,35784,35792,35798,35800,35880,35882,35908,35913,35918,35923,35926,35937,35940,35942,36021,36023,36049,36056,36058,36060,36085,36088,36101,36106,36108,36189,36191,36217,36226,36231,36239,36245,36252,36255,36257,36336,36339,36396,36398,36435,36441,36446,36451,36454,36468,36470,36573,36575,36618,36627,36637,36644,36650,36657,36740,36742,36765,36768,36771,36773,36777,36781,36784,36847,36870,36873,36877,36883,36885,36952,36955,37032,37037,37043,37046,37049,37095,37097,37121,37126,37130,37135,37141,37204,37207,37209,37212,37237,37240,37375,37377,37478,37480,37485,37488,37494,37504,37512,37517,37523,37529,37531,37554],[10,35771,13,35773,18],{"id":35772},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35774,35775],{},"enumerate()",[20,35777,35778,35780],{},[15,35779,35775],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35782,35783],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[164,35785,35786,35789],{},[167,35787,35788],{},"the item itself",[167,35790,35791],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35793,35794,35795,35797],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35796,35775],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[47,35799,2059],{"id":2058},[52,35801,35803],{"className":54,"code":35802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35804,35805,35837,35841,35864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35806,35807,35809,35811,35813,35815,35817,35819,35821,35823,35825,35827,35829,35831,35833,35835],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35808,13102],{"class":67},[61,35810,72],{"class":71},[61,35812,1088],{"class":93},[61,35814,1010],{"class":310},[61,35816,13119],{"class":314},[61,35818,1010],{"class":310},[61,35820,106],{"class":93},[61,35822,311],{"class":310},[61,35824,17482],{"class":314},[61,35826,1010],{"class":310},[61,35828,106],{"class":93},[61,35830,311],{"class":310},[61,35832,13136],{"class":314},[61,35834,1010],{"class":310},[61,35836,1115],{"class":93},[61,35838,35839],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35840,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,35842,35843,35845,35848,35850,35853,35855,35858,35860,35862],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35844,5996],{"class":672},[61,35846,35847],{"class":67}," index",[61,35849,106],{"class":93},[61,35851,35852],{"class":67}," color ",[61,35854,3924],{"class":672},[61,35856,35857],{"class":89}," enumerate",[61,35859,94],{"class":93},[61,35861,17529],{"class":102},[61,35863,900],{"class":93},[61,35865,35866,35868,35870,35873,35875,35878],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,35867,1141],{"class":89},[61,35869,94],{"class":93},[61,35871,35872],{"class":102},"index",[61,35874,106],{"class":93},[61,35876,35877],{"class":102}," color",[61,35879,258],{"class":93},[20,35881,345],{},[52,35883,35885],{"className":54,"code":35884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35886,35887,35894,35901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35888,35889,35891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35890,2175],{"class":75},[61,35892,35893],{"class":67}," red\n",[61,35895,35896,35898],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35897,3035],{"class":75},[61,35899,35900],{"class":67}," green\n",[61,35902,35903,35905],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35904,2113],{"class":75},[61,35906,35907],{"class":67}," blue\n",[20,35909,143,35910,35912],{},[15,35911,35775],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[47,35914,151,35916,154],{"id":35915},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35917,35775],{},[20,35919,35920,35922],{},[15,35921,35775],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35924,35925],{},"It is commonly used with:",[164,35927,35928,35930,35932,35934],{},[167,35929,5337],{},[167,35931,5340],{},[167,35933,5346],{},[167,35935,35936],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35938,35939],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35941,295],{},[52,35943,35945],{"className":54,"code":35944,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35946,35947,35981,35985,36006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35948,35949,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959,35961,35963,35965,35968,35970,35972,35974,35977,35979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35950,5035],{"class":67},[61,35952,72],{"class":71},[61,35954,1088],{"class":93},[61,35956,1010],{"class":310},[61,35958,1319],{"class":314},[61,35960,1010],{"class":310},[61,35962,106],{"class":93},[61,35964,311],{"class":310},[61,35966,35967],{"class":314},"Ben",[61,35969,1010],{"class":310},[61,35971,106],{"class":93},[61,35973,311],{"class":310},[61,35975,35976],{"class":314},"Cara",[61,35978,1010],{"class":310},[61,35980,1115],{"class":93},[61,35982,35983],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,35984,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,35986,35987,35989,35991,35993,35996,35998,36000,36002,36004],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,35988,5996],{"class":672},[61,35990,35847],{"class":67},[61,35992,106],{"class":93},[61,35994,35995],{"class":67}," name ",[61,35997,3924],{"class":672},[61,35999,35857],{"class":89},[61,36001,94],{"class":93},[61,36003,5079],{"class":102},[61,36005,900],{"class":93},[61,36007,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36019],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,36009,1141],{"class":89},[61,36011,94],{"class":93},[61,36013,35872],{"class":102},[61,36015,106],{"class":93},[61,36017,36018],{"class":102}," name",[61,36020,258],{"class":93},[20,36022,345],{},[52,36024,36026],{"className":54,"code":36025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36027,36028,36035,36042],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36029,36030,36032],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36031,2175],{"class":75},[61,36033,36034],{"class":67}," Ana\n",[61,36036,36037,36039],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36038,3035],{"class":75},[61,36040,36041],{"class":67}," Ben\n",[61,36043,36044,36046],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36045,2113],{"class":75},[61,36047,36048],{"class":67}," Cara\n",[20,36050,36051,36052,229],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[221,36053,36055],{"href":36054},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[47,36057,233],{"id":232},[20,36059,236],{},[52,36061,36063],{"className":54,"code":36062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36064,36065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36066,36067,36070,36072,36074,36076,36079,36081,36083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36068,36069],{"class":89},"enumerate",[61,36071,94],{"class":93},[61,36073,3761],{"class":102},[61,36075,106],{"class":93},[61,36077,36078],{"class":9208}," start",[61,36080,72],{"class":71},[61,36082,2175],{"class":75},[61,36084,258],{"class":93},[20,36086,36087],{},"It has two parts:",[164,36089,36090,36095],{},[167,36091,36092,36094],{},[15,36093,3761],{},": the object you want to loop through",[167,36096,36097,36100],{},[15,36098,36099],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36102,36103,36104,229],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36105,2175],{},[20,36107,295],{},[52,36109,36111],{"className":54,"code":36110,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36112,36113,36146,36150,36173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36114,36115,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140,36142,36144],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36116,36117],{"class":67},"letters ",[61,36119,72],{"class":71},[61,36121,1088],{"class":93},[61,36123,1010],{"class":310},[61,36125,221],{"class":314},[61,36127,1010],{"class":310},[61,36129,106],{"class":93},[61,36131,311],{"class":310},[61,36133,1101],{"class":314},[61,36135,1010],{"class":310},[61,36137,106],{"class":93},[61,36139,311],{"class":310},[61,36141,1110],{"class":314},[61,36143,1010],{"class":310},[61,36145,1115],{"class":93},[61,36147,36148],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36149,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,36151,36152,36154,36157,36159,36162,36164,36166,36168,36171],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36153,5996],{"class":672},[61,36155,36156],{"class":67}," i",[61,36158,106],{"class":93},[61,36160,36161],{"class":67}," letter ",[61,36163,3924],{"class":672},[61,36165,35857],{"class":89},[61,36167,94],{"class":93},[61,36169,36170],{"class":102},"letters",[61,36172,900],{"class":93},[61,36174,36175,36177,36179,36182,36184,36187],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,36176,1141],{"class":89},[61,36178,94],{"class":93},[61,36180,36181],{"class":102},"i",[61,36183,106],{"class":93},[61,36185,36186],{"class":102}," letter",[61,36188,258],{"class":93},[20,36190,345],{},[52,36192,36194],{"className":54,"code":36193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36195,36196,36203,36210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36197,36198,36200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36199,2175],{"class":75},[61,36201,36202],{"class":67}," a\n",[61,36204,36205,36207],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36206,3035],{"class":75},[61,36208,36209],{"class":67}," b\n",[61,36211,36212,36214],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36213,2113],{"class":75},[61,36215,36216],{"class":67}," c\n",[20,36218,36219,36220,229],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[221,36221,13,36223,1947],{"href":36222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36224,36225],{},"range()",[47,36227,151,36229,11732],{"id":36228},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36230,35775],{},[20,36232,36233,36235,36236,229],{},[15,36234,35775],{}," returns an ",[3784,36237,36238],{},"enumerate object",[20,36240,36241,36242,36244],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36243,5996],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[164,36246,36247],{},[167,36248,36249],{},[15,36250,36251],{},"(index, item)",[20,36253,36254],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36256,295],{},[52,36258,36260],{"className":54,"code":36259,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36261,36262,36295,36299,36321],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36263,36264,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289,36291,36293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36265,36266],{"class":67},"fruits ",[61,36268,72],{"class":71},[61,36270,1088],{"class":93},[61,36272,1010],{"class":310},[61,36274,4118],{"class":314},[61,36276,1010],{"class":310},[61,36278,106],{"class":93},[61,36280,311],{"class":310},[61,36282,4127],{"class":314},[61,36284,1010],{"class":310},[61,36286,106],{"class":93},[61,36288,311],{"class":310},[61,36290,33250],{"class":314},[61,36292,1010],{"class":310},[61,36294,1115],{"class":93},[61,36296,36297],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36298,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,36300,36301,36303,36305,36307,36310,36312,36314,36316,36319],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36302,5996],{"class":672},[61,36304,35847],{"class":67},[61,36306,106],{"class":93},[61,36308,36309],{"class":67}," fruit ",[61,36311,3924],{"class":672},[61,36313,35857],{"class":89},[61,36315,94],{"class":93},[61,36317,36318],{"class":102},"fruits",[61,36320,900],{"class":93},[61,36322,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36334],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,36324,1141],{"class":89},[61,36326,94],{"class":93},[61,36328,35872],{"class":102},[61,36330,106],{"class":93},[61,36332,36333],{"class":102}," fruit",[61,36335,258],{"class":93},[20,36337,36338],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[52,36340,36342],{"className":54,"code":36341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36343,36344,36364,36368,36386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36345,36346,36348,36350,36352,36354,36356,36358,36360,36362],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36347,3661],{"class":67},[61,36349,72],{"class":71},[61,36351,1088],{"class":93},[61,36353,2379],{"class":75},[61,36355,106],{"class":93},[61,36357,7825],{"class":75},[61,36359,106],{"class":93},[61,36361,7830],{"class":75},[61,36363,1115],{"class":93},[61,36365,36366],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36367,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,36369,36370,36372,36374,36376,36378,36380,36382,36384],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36371,1593],{"class":67},[61,36373,72],{"class":71},[61,36375,605],{"class":109},[61,36377,94],{"class":93},[61,36379,36069],{"class":89},[61,36381,94],{"class":93},[61,36383,3691],{"class":102},[61,36385,342],{"class":93},[61,36387,36388,36390,36392,36394],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,36389,90],{"class":89},[61,36391,94],{"class":93},[61,36393,1620],{"class":102},[61,36395,258],{"class":93},[20,36397,345],{},[52,36399,36401],{"className":54,"code":36400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36402,36403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36404,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36406,21768],{"class":93},[61,36408,2175],{"class":75},[61,36410,106],{"class":93},[61,36412,6043],{"class":75},[61,36414,9266],{"class":93},[61,36416,572],{"class":93},[61,36418,3035],{"class":75},[61,36420,106],{"class":93},[61,36422,7825],{"class":75},[61,36424,9266],{"class":93},[61,36426,572],{"class":93},[61,36428,2113],{"class":75},[61,36430,106],{"class":93},[61,36432,7830],{"class":75},[61,36434,9281],{"class":93},[20,36436,36437,36438,36440],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36439,35775],{}," produces.",[47,36442,5001,36444],{"id":36443},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36445,35775],{},[20,36447,143,36448,36450],{},[15,36449,35775],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36452,36453],{},"Common cases:",[164,36455,36456,36459,36462,36465],{},[167,36457,36458],{},"printing numbered output",[167,36460,36461],{},"building menus",[167,36463,36464],{},"showing positions in a list",[167,36466,36467],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36469,295],{},[52,36471,36473],{"className":54,"code":36472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36474,36475,36510,36514,36544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36476,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36488,36490,36492,36494,36497,36499,36501,36503,36506,36508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36478,29925],{"class":67},[61,36480,72],{"class":71},[61,36482,1088],{"class":93},[61,36484,1010],{"class":310},[61,36486,36487],{"class":314},"Wash dishes",[61,36489,1010],{"class":310},[61,36491,106],{"class":93},[61,36493,311],{"class":310},[61,36495,36496],{"class":314},"Study Python",[61,36498,1010],{"class":310},[61,36500,106],{"class":93},[61,36502,311],{"class":310},[61,36504,36505],{"class":314},"Go for a walk",[61,36507,1010],{"class":310},[61,36509,1115],{"class":93},[61,36511,36512],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36513,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,36515,36516,36518,36520,36522,36525,36527,36529,36531,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36517,5996],{"class":672},[61,36519,2249],{"class":67},[61,36521,106],{"class":93},[61,36523,36524],{"class":67}," task ",[61,36526,3924],{"class":672},[61,36528,35857],{"class":89},[61,36530,94],{"class":93},[61,36532,36533],{"class":102},"tasks",[61,36535,106],{"class":93},[61,36537,36078],{"class":9208},[61,36539,72],{"class":71},[61,36541,3035],{"class":75},[61,36543,900],{"class":93},[61,36545,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36567,36569,36571],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,36547,1141],{"class":89},[61,36549,94],{"class":93},[61,36551,22322],{"class":882},[61,36553,1010],{"class":314},[61,36555,9310],{"class":75},[61,36557,1271],{"class":102},[61,36559,22331],{"class":75},[61,36561,28340],{"class":314},[61,36563,9310],{"class":75},[61,36565,36566],{"class":102},"task",[61,36568,22331],{"class":75},[61,36570,1010],{"class":314},[61,36572,258],{"class":93},[20,36574,345],{},[52,36576,36578],{"className":54,"code":36577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36579,36580,36592,36604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36581,36582,36584,36586,36589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36583,3035],{"class":75},[61,36585,229],{"class":93},[61,36587,36588],{"class":24778}," Wash",[61,36590,36591],{"class":67}," dishes\n",[61,36593,36594,36596,36598,36601],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36595,2113],{"class":75},[61,36597,229],{"class":93},[61,36599,36600],{"class":24778}," Study",[61,36602,36603],{"class":67}," Python\n",[61,36605,36606,36608,36610,36613,36615],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36607,1046],{"class":75},[61,36609,229],{"class":93},[61,36611,36612],{"class":24778}," Go",[61,36614,3918],{"class":672},[61,36616,36617],{"class":67}," a walk\n",[20,36619,36620,36621,36623,36624,229],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36622,35775],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36625,36626],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36628,36629,36630,229],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[221,36631,36633,36634,36636],{"href":36632},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36635,35775],{}," in Python",[47,36638,36640,36641,36643],{"id":36639},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36642,36099],{}," argument",[20,36645,36646,36647,36649],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36648,36099],{}," argument.",[20,36651,36652,36653,1395,36655,1314],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36654,3035],{},[15,36656,2175],{},[52,36658,36660],{"className":54,"code":36659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36661,36662,36694,36698,36726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36663,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36665,13102],{"class":67},[61,36667,72],{"class":71},[61,36669,1088],{"class":93},[61,36671,1010],{"class":310},[61,36673,13119],{"class":314},[61,36675,1010],{"class":310},[61,36677,106],{"class":93},[61,36679,311],{"class":310},[61,36681,17482],{"class":314},[61,36683,1010],{"class":310},[61,36685,106],{"class":93},[61,36687,311],{"class":310},[61,36689,13136],{"class":314},[61,36691,1010],{"class":310},[61,36693,1115],{"class":93},[61,36695,36696],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36697,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,36699,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36701,5996],{"class":672},[61,36703,35847],{"class":67},[61,36705,106],{"class":93},[61,36707,35852],{"class":67},[61,36709,3924],{"class":672},[61,36711,35857],{"class":89},[61,36713,94],{"class":93},[61,36715,17529],{"class":102},[61,36717,106],{"class":93},[61,36719,36078],{"class":9208},[61,36721,72],{"class":71},[61,36723,3035],{"class":75},[61,36725,900],{"class":93},[61,36727,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,36729,1141],{"class":89},[61,36731,94],{"class":93},[61,36733,35872],{"class":102},[61,36735,106],{"class":93},[61,36737,35877],{"class":102},[61,36739,258],{"class":93},[20,36741,345],{},[52,36743,36745],{"className":54,"code":36744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36746,36747,36753,36759],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36748,36749,36751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36750,3035],{"class":75},[61,36752,35893],{"class":67},[61,36754,36755,36757],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36756,2113],{"class":75},[61,36758,35900],{"class":67},[61,36760,36761,36763],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36762,1046],{"class":75},[61,36764,35907],{"class":67},[20,36766,36767],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36769,36770],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[47,36772,25386],{"id":25385},[20,36774,25389,36775,229],{},[15,36776,35775],{},[260,36778,36780],{"id":36779},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36782,36783],{},"In this loop:",[52,36785,36787],{"className":54,"code":36786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36788,36789,36809,36813,36833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36790,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36792,3661],{"class":67},[61,36794,72],{"class":71},[61,36796,1088],{"class":93},[61,36798,2379],{"class":75},[61,36800,106],{"class":93},[61,36802,7825],{"class":75},[61,36804,106],{"class":93},[61,36806,7830],{"class":75},[61,36808,1115],{"class":93},[61,36810,36811],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36812,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,36814,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829,36831],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36816,5996],{"class":672},[61,36818,35847],{"class":67},[61,36820,106],{"class":93},[61,36822,21612],{"class":67},[61,36824,3924],{"class":672},[61,36826,35857],{"class":89},[61,36828,94],{"class":93},[61,36830,3691],{"class":102},[61,36832,900],{"class":93},[61,36834,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843,36845],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,36836,1141],{"class":89},[61,36838,94],{"class":93},[61,36840,35872],{"class":102},[61,36842,106],{"class":93},[61,36844,8465],{"class":102},[61,36846,258],{"class":93},[164,36848,36849,36859],{},[167,36850,36851,4823,36853,186,36855,186,36857],{},[15,36852,35872],{},[15,36854,2175],{},[15,36856,3035],{},[15,36858,2113],{},[167,36860,36861,4823,36863,186,36865,186,36867],{},[15,36862,103],{},[15,36864,2379],{},[15,36866,15782],{},[15,36868,36869],{},"30",[20,36871,36872],{},"These are different things.",[260,36874,36876],{"id":36875},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36878,36879,36880,36882],{},"Each item from ",[15,36881,35775],{}," is a pair.",[20,36884,6722],{},[52,36886,36888],{"className":54,"code":36887,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36889,36890,36914,36918,36938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36891,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36893,7814],{"class":67},[61,36895,72],{"class":71},[61,36897,1088],{"class":93},[61,36899,1010],{"class":310},[61,36901,2228],{"class":314},[61,36903,1010],{"class":310},[61,36905,106],{"class":93},[61,36907,311],{"class":310},[61,36909,11772],{"class":314},[61,36911,1010],{"class":310},[61,36913,1115],{"class":93},[61,36915,36916],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36917,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,36919,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934,36936],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36921,5996],{"class":672},[61,36923,36156],{"class":67},[61,36925,106],{"class":93},[61,36927,5999],{"class":67},[61,36929,3924],{"class":672},[61,36931,35857],{"class":89},[61,36933,94],{"class":93},[61,36935,7845],{"class":102},[61,36937,900],{"class":93},[61,36939,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,36941,1141],{"class":89},[61,36943,94],{"class":93},[61,36945,36181],{"class":102},[61,36947,106],{"class":93},[61,36949,29534],{"class":102},[61,36951,258],{"class":93},[20,36953,36954],{},"But this causes an error:",[52,36956,36958],{"className":54,"code":36957,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36959,36960,36984,36988,37013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36961,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980,36982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36963,7814],{"class":67},[61,36965,72],{"class":71},[61,36967,1088],{"class":93},[61,36969,1010],{"class":310},[61,36971,2228],{"class":314},[61,36973,1010],{"class":310},[61,36975,106],{"class":93},[61,36977,311],{"class":310},[61,36979,11772],{"class":314},[61,36981,1010],{"class":310},[61,36983,1115],{"class":93},[61,36985,36986],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,36987,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,36989,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,36991,5996],{"class":672},[61,36993,36156],{"class":67},[61,36995,106],{"class":93},[61,36997,29534],{"class":67},[61,36999,106],{"class":93},[61,37001,37002],{"class":67}," extra ",[61,37004,3924],{"class":672},[61,37006,35857],{"class":89},[61,37008,94],{"class":93},[61,37010,7845],{"class":102},[61,37012,900],{"class":93},[61,37014,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37030],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,37016,1141],{"class":89},[61,37018,94],{"class":93},[61,37020,36181],{"class":102},[61,37022,106],{"class":93},[61,37024,29534],{"class":102},[61,37026,106],{"class":93},[61,37028,37029],{"class":102}," extra",[61,37031,258],{"class":93},[20,37033,29088,37034,37036],{},[15,37035,35775],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[260,37038,37040,37042],{"id":37039},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37041,35775],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37044,37045],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37047,37048],{},"Example with a string:",[52,37050,37052],{"className":54,"code":37051,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37053,37054,37080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37055,37056,37058,37060,37062,37065,37067,37069,37071,37073,37076,37078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37057,5996],{"class":672},[61,37059,35847],{"class":67},[61,37061,106],{"class":93},[61,37063,37064],{"class":67}," char ",[61,37066,3924],{"class":672},[61,37068,35857],{"class":89},[61,37070,94],{"class":93},[61,37072,1010],{"class":310},[61,37074,37075],{"class":314},"cat",[61,37077,1010],{"class":310},[61,37079,900],{"class":93},[61,37081,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37093],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,37083,1141],{"class":89},[61,37085,94],{"class":93},[61,37087,35872],{"class":102},[61,37089,106],{"class":93},[61,37091,37092],{"class":102}," char",[61,37094,258],{"class":93},[20,37096,345],{},[52,37098,37100],{"className":54,"code":37099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37101,37102,37108,37114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37103,37104,37106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37105,2175],{"class":75},[61,37107,36216],{"class":67},[61,37109,37110,37112],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,37111,3035],{"class":75},[61,37113,36202],{"class":67},[61,37115,37116,37118],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,37117,2113],{"class":75},[61,37119,37120],{"class":67}," t\n",[20,37122,37123,37124,229],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[221,37125,5177],{"href":5624},[260,37127,37129],{"id":37128},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37131,37132,37133,229],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37134,35775],{},[20,37136,37137,37138,37140],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37139,5996],{}," loop:",[52,37142,37144],{"className":54,"code":37143,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37145,37146,37178,37182,37194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37147,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37149,13102],{"class":67},[61,37151,72],{"class":71},[61,37153,1088],{"class":93},[61,37155,1010],{"class":310},[61,37157,13119],{"class":314},[61,37159,1010],{"class":310},[61,37161,106],{"class":93},[61,37163,311],{"class":310},[61,37165,17482],{"class":314},[61,37167,1010],{"class":310},[61,37169,106],{"class":93},[61,37171,311],{"class":310},[61,37173,13136],{"class":314},[61,37175,1010],{"class":310},[61,37177,1115],{"class":93},[61,37179,37180],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,37181,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,37183,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,37185,5996],{"class":672},[61,37187,35852],{"class":67},[61,37189,3924],{"class":672},[61,37191,13150],{"class":67},[61,37193,6433],{"class":93},[61,37195,37196,37198,37200,37202],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,37197,1141],{"class":89},[61,37199,94],{"class":93},[61,37201,32920],{"class":102},[61,37203,258],{"class":93},[20,37205,37206],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[47,37208,2878],{"id":2877},[20,37210,37211],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[164,37213,37214,37219,37225,37230],{},[167,37215,23128,37216,37218],{},[15,37217,35775],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[167,37220,37221,37222,37224],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37223,2175],{}," by default",[167,37226,8449,37227,37229],{},[15,37228,35775],{}," when only values are needed",[167,37231,37232,37233,8738,37235],{},"Confusing ",[15,37234,35775],{},[15,37236,36225],{},[20,37238,37239],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[52,37241,37243],{"className":54,"code":37242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37244,37245,37267,37294,37328,37361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37246,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37248,90],{"class":89},[61,37250,94],{"class":93},[61,37252,36069],{"class":89},[61,37254,3032],{"class":93},[61,37256,2379],{"class":75},[61,37258,106],{"class":93},[61,37260,7825],{"class":75},[61,37262,106],{"class":93},[61,37264,7830],{"class":75},[61,37266,1518],{"class":93},[61,37268,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,37270,90],{"class":89},[61,37272,94],{"class":93},[61,37274,192],{"class":109},[61,37276,94],{"class":93},[61,37278,36069],{"class":89},[61,37280,3032],{"class":93},[61,37282,2379],{"class":75},[61,37284,106],{"class":93},[61,37286,7825],{"class":75},[61,37288,106],{"class":93},[61,37290,7830],{"class":75},[61,37292,37293],{"class":93},"])))\n",[61,37295,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,37297,90],{"class":89},[61,37299,94],{"class":93},[61,37301,192],{"class":109},[61,37303,94],{"class":93},[61,37305,36069],{"class":89},[61,37307,3032],{"class":93},[61,37309,2379],{"class":75},[61,37311,106],{"class":93},[61,37313,7825],{"class":75},[61,37315,106],{"class":93},[61,37317,7830],{"class":75},[61,37319,18089],{"class":93},[61,37321,36078],{"class":9208},[61,37323,72],{"class":71},[61,37325,3035],{"class":75},[61,37327,582],{"class":93},[61,37329,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,37331,5996],{"class":672},[61,37333,36156],{"class":67},[61,37335,106],{"class":93},[61,37337,21612],{"class":67},[61,37339,3924],{"class":672},[61,37341,35857],{"class":89},[61,37343,3032],{"class":93},[61,37345,3348],{"class":310},[61,37347,221],{"class":314},[61,37349,3348],{"class":310},[61,37351,106],{"class":93},[61,37353,3343],{"class":310},[61,37355,1101],{"class":314},[61,37357,3348],{"class":310},[61,37359,37360],{"class":93},"]):\n",[61,37362,37363,37365,37367,37369,37371,37373],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,37364,1141],{"class":89},[61,37366,94],{"class":93},[61,37368,36181],{"class":102},[61,37370,106],{"class":93},[61,37372,8465],{"class":102},[61,37374,258],{"class":93},[20,37376,16985],{},[52,37378,37380],{"className":54,"code":37379,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37381,37382,37402,37434,37466,37472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37383,37384,37386,37388,37390,37393,37397,37400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37385,3337],{"class":71},[61,37387,36069],{"class":89},[61,37389,24645],{"class":109},[61,37391,37392],{"class":67}," at ",[61,37394,37396],{"class":37395},"srjyR","0x",[61,37398,37399],{"class":34483},"...",[61,37401,3351],{"class":71},[61,37403,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,37405,21768],{"class":93},[61,37407,2175],{"class":75},[61,37409,106],{"class":93},[61,37411,6043],{"class":75},[61,37413,9266],{"class":93},[61,37415,572],{"class":93},[61,37417,3035],{"class":75},[61,37419,106],{"class":93},[61,37421,7825],{"class":75},[61,37423,9266],{"class":93},[61,37425,572],{"class":93},[61,37427,2113],{"class":75},[61,37429,106],{"class":93},[61,37431,7830],{"class":75},[61,37433,9281],{"class":93},[61,37435,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,37437,21768],{"class":93},[61,37439,3035],{"class":75},[61,37441,106],{"class":93},[61,37443,6043],{"class":75},[61,37445,9266],{"class":93},[61,37447,572],{"class":93},[61,37449,2113],{"class":75},[61,37451,106],{"class":93},[61,37453,7825],{"class":75},[61,37455,9266],{"class":93},[61,37457,572],{"class":93},[61,37459,1046],{"class":75},[61,37461,106],{"class":93},[61,37463,7830],{"class":75},[61,37465,9281],{"class":93},[61,37467,37468,37470],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,37469,2175],{"class":75},[61,37471,36202],{"class":67},[61,37473,37474,37476],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,37475,3035],{"class":75},[61,37477,36209],{"class":67},[47,37479,1879],{"id":1878},[260,37481,1883,37483,1886],{"id":37482},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37484,35775],{},[20,37486,37487],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[260,37489,1928,37491,37493],{"id":37490},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37492,35775],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37495,37496,37497,37499,37500,37503],{},"It starts at ",[15,37498,2175],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37501,37502],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[260,37505,21448,37507,1395,37509,1916],{"id":37506},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37508,35775],{},[15,37510,37511],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37513,36620,37514,37516],{},[15,37515,35775],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[260,37518,1898,37520,37522],{"id":37519},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37521,35775],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37524,37525,37526,37528],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37527,35775],{}," can return each character with its index.",[47,37530,1938],{"id":1937},[164,37532,37533,37537,37543,37550],{},[167,37534,37535],{},[221,37536,36055],{"href":36054},[167,37538,37539],{},[221,37540,13,37541,1947],{"href":36222},[15,37542,36225],{},[167,37544,37545],{},[221,37546,37547,37548,36636],{"href":36632},"How to use ",[15,37549,35775],{},[167,37551,37552],{},[221,37553,5253],{"href":5624},[1969,37555,37556],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":37558},[37559,37560,37562,37563,37565,37567,37569,37576,37577,37587],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":35915,"depth":79,"text":37561},"What enumerate() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":36228,"depth":79,"text":37564},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36443,"depth":79,"text":37566},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36639,"depth":79,"text":37568},"Using the start argument",{"id":25385,"depth":79,"text":25386,"children":37570},[37571,37572,37573,37575],{"id":36779,"depth":86,"text":36780},{"id":36875,"depth":86,"text":36876},{"id":37039,"depth":86,"text":37574},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37128,"depth":86,"text":37129},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":37578},[37579,37581,37583,37585],{"id":37482,"depth":86,"text":37580},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37490,"depth":86,"text":37582},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37506,"depth":86,"text":37584},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37519,"depth":86,"text":37586},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35767,"description":37588},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37595,"title":37596,"body":37597,"description":40110,"extension":2017,"meta":40111,"navigation":82,"path":40112,"seo":40113,"stem":40114,"__hash__":40115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37598,"toc":40067},[37599,37605,37610,37613,37621,37635,37637,37727,37735,37740,37745,37747,37763,37765,37844,37846,37863,37869,37873,37875,37896,37900,37903,37915,37919,37922,37925,37942,37945,38021,38023,38040,38045,38049,38057,38060,38075,38077,38166,38168,38213,38216,38220,38223,38302,38304,38326,38329,38336,38341,38344,38447,38449,38474,38477,38484,38490,38495,38498,38509,38615,38617,38638,38646,38653,38659,38678,38683,38686,38705,38707,38792,38794,38823,38826,38831,38836,38839,38850,38852,38941,38943,38963,38969,39075,39077,39097,39100,39184,39186,39206,39213,39215,39219,39225,39228,39285,39288,39291,39352,39361,39364,39367,39395,39398,39458,39460,39477,39481,39484,39562,39564,39584,39587,39662,39666,39669,39671,39680,39685,39687,39738,39746,39758,39763,39824,39826,39843,39847,39909,39911,39936,39944,39946,39952,39958,39965,39973,39979,39982,39989,39999,40005,40011,40014,40030,40036,40038,40064],[10,37600,13,37602,18],{"id":37601},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37603,37604],{},"filter()",[20,37606,37607,37609],{},[15,37608,37604],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37611,37612],{},"It takes:",[164,37614,37615,37618],{},[167,37616,37617],{},"a function that checks each item",[167,37619,37620],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37622,37623,37624,37627,37628,37631,37632,37634],{},"The result is ",[3784,37625,37626],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37629,37630],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37633,24809],{}," to see the values.",[47,37636,2059],{"id":2058},[52,37638,37640],{"className":54,"code":37639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37641,37642,37675,37710],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37643,37644,37646,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670,37673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37645,3661],{"class":67},[61,37647,72],{"class":71},[61,37649,1088],{"class":93},[61,37651,3035],{"class":75},[61,37653,106],{"class":93},[61,37655,3040],{"class":75},[61,37657,106],{"class":93},[61,37659,1020],{"class":75},[61,37661,106],{"class":93},[61,37663,2505],{"class":75},[61,37665,106],{"class":93},[61,37667,4644],{"class":75},[61,37669,106],{"class":93},[61,37671,37672],{"class":75}," 6",[61,37674,1115],{"class":93},[61,37676,37677,37679,37681,37684,37686,37689,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,37678,1593],{"class":67},[61,37680,72],{"class":71},[61,37682,37683],{"class":89}," filter",[61,37685,94],{"class":93},[61,37687,37688],{"class":882},"lambda",[61,37690,37691],{"class":892}," x",[61,37693,1314],{"class":93},[61,37695,3921],{"class":102},[61,37697,6442],{"class":71},[61,37699,3040],{"class":75},[61,37701,667],{"class":71},[61,37703,3876],{"class":75},[61,37705,106],{"class":93},[61,37707,4303],{"class":102},[61,37709,258],{"class":93},[61,37711,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,37713,90],{"class":89},[61,37715,94],{"class":93},[61,37717,192],{"class":109},[61,37719,94],{"class":93},[61,37721,1620],{"class":102},[61,37723,113],{"class":93},[61,37725,37726],{"class":116},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37728,37729,37731,37732,37734],{},[15,37730,37604],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37733,24809],{}," to see the results.",[47,37736,151,37738,154],{"id":37737},"what-filter-does",[15,37739,37604],{},[20,37741,37742,37744],{},[15,37743,37604],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37746,2162],{},[164,37748,37749,37752,37758],{},[167,37750,37751],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[167,37753,37754,37755,37757],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37756,30],{},", the item is kept",[167,37759,37754,37760,37762],{},[15,37761,34],{},", the item is removed",[20,37764,295],{},[52,37766,37768],{"className":54,"code":37767,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37769,37770,37798,37802,37830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37771,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792,37794,37796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37773,3661],{"class":67},[61,37775,72],{"class":71},[61,37777,1088],{"class":93},[61,37779,3035],{"class":75},[61,37781,106],{"class":93},[61,37783,3040],{"class":75},[61,37785,106],{"class":93},[61,37787,1020],{"class":75},[61,37789,106],{"class":93},[61,37791,2505],{"class":75},[61,37793,106],{"class":93},[61,37795,4644],{"class":75},[61,37797,1115],{"class":93},[61,37799,37800],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,37801,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,37803,37804,37806,37808,37810,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,37805,1593],{"class":67},[61,37807,72],{"class":71},[61,37809,37683],{"class":89},[61,37811,94],{"class":93},[61,37813,37688],{"class":882},[61,37815,37691],{"class":892},[61,37817,1314],{"class":93},[61,37819,3921],{"class":102},[61,37821,4292],{"class":71},[61,37823,1020],{"class":75},[61,37825,106],{"class":93},[61,37827,4303],{"class":102},[61,37829,258],{"class":93},[61,37831,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,37833,90],{"class":89},[61,37835,94],{"class":93},[61,37837,192],{"class":109},[61,37839,94],{"class":93},[61,37841,1620],{"class":102},[61,37843,342],{"class":93},[20,37845,345],{},[52,37847,37849],{"className":54,"code":37848,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37850,37851],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37852,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37854,1356],{"class":93},[61,37856,2552],{"class":75},[61,37858,106],{"class":93},[61,37860,4644],{"class":75},[61,37862,1115],{"class":93},[20,37864,37865,37866,37868],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37867,1046],{}," are kept.",[47,37870,37872],{"id":37871},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37874,236],{},[52,37876,37878],{"className":54,"code":37877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37879,37880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37881,37882,37884,37886,37889,37891,37894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37883,37630],{"class":89},[61,37885,94],{"class":93},[61,37887,37888],{"class":102},"function",[61,37890,106],{"class":93},[61,37892,37893],{"class":102}," iterable",[61,37895,258],{"class":93},[260,37897,37898],{"id":37888},[15,37899,37888],{},[20,37901,37902],{},"This is the test function.",[164,37904,37905,37908],{},[167,37906,37907],{},"It receives one item at a time",[167,37909,37910,37911,31,37913],{},"It should return ",[15,37912,30],{},[15,37914,34],{},[260,37916,37917],{"id":3761},[15,37918,3761],{},[20,37920,37921],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37923,37924],{},"It can be:",[164,37926,37927,37930,37933,37936,37939],{},[167,37928,37929],{},"a list",[167,37931,37932],{},"a tuple",[167,37934,37935],{},"a string",[167,37937,37938],{},"a set",[167,37940,37941],{},"another iterable object",[20,37943,37944],{},"Example with a tuple:",[52,37946,37948],{"className":54,"code":37947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37949,37950,37975,37979,38007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37951,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37962,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37953,3661],{"class":67},[61,37955,72],{"class":71},[61,37957,572],{"class":93},[61,37959,2379],{"class":75},[61,37961,106],{"class":93},[61,37963,37964],{"class":75}," 15",[61,37966,106],{"class":93},[61,37968,7825],{"class":75},[61,37970,106],{"class":93},[61,37972,9338],{"class":75},[61,37974,258],{"class":93},[61,37976,37977],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,37978,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,37980,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,37982,1593],{"class":67},[61,37984,72],{"class":71},[61,37986,37683],{"class":89},[61,37988,94],{"class":93},[61,37990,37688],{"class":882},[61,37992,37691],{"class":892},[61,37994,1314],{"class":93},[61,37996,3921],{"class":102},[61,37998,5139],{"class":71},[61,38000,7825],{"class":75},[61,38002,106],{"class":93},[61,38004,4303],{"class":102},[61,38006,258],{"class":93},[61,38008,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,38010,90],{"class":89},[61,38012,94],{"class":93},[61,38014,192],{"class":109},[61,38016,94],{"class":93},[61,38018,1620],{"class":102},[61,38020,342],{"class":93},[20,38022,345],{},[52,38024,38026],{"className":54,"code":38025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38027,38028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38029,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38031,1356],{"class":93},[61,38033,15782],{"class":75},[61,38035,106],{"class":93},[61,38037,9338],{"class":75},[61,38039,1115],{"class":93},[20,38041,38042,38043,229],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[221,38044,5177],{"href":5624},[47,38046,38048],{"id":38047},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38050,38051,38052,22003,38054,229],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38053,37604],{},[3784,38055,38056],{},"filter object",[20,38058,38059],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[164,38061,38062,38065,38070],{},[167,38063,38064],{},"loop through it",[167,38066,38067,38068],{},"convert it with ",[15,38069,24809],{},[167,38071,38067,38072],{},[15,38073,38074],{},"tuple()",[20,38076,295],{},[52,38078,38080],{"className":54,"code":38079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38081,38082,38124,38128,38138,38152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38083,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38085,1593],{"class":67},[61,38087,72],{"class":71},[61,38089,37683],{"class":89},[61,38091,94],{"class":93},[61,38093,37688],{"class":882},[61,38095,37691],{"class":892},[61,38097,1314],{"class":93},[61,38099,3921],{"class":102},[61,38101,4292],{"class":71},[61,38103,3040],{"class":75},[61,38105,106],{"class":93},[61,38107,1088],{"class":93},[61,38109,3035],{"class":75},[61,38111,106],{"class":93},[61,38113,3040],{"class":75},[61,38115,106],{"class":93},[61,38117,1020],{"class":75},[61,38119,106],{"class":93},[61,38121,2505],{"class":75},[61,38123,1365],{"class":93},[61,38125,38126],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,38127,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,38129,38130,38132,38134,38136],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,38131,90],{"class":89},[61,38133,94],{"class":93},[61,38135,1620],{"class":102},[61,38137,258],{"class":93},[61,38139,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,38141,90],{"class":89},[61,38143,94],{"class":93},[61,38145,657],{"class":109},[61,38147,94],{"class":93},[61,38149,1620],{"class":102},[61,38151,342],{"class":93},[61,38153,38154,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,38155,90],{"class":89},[61,38157,94],{"class":93},[61,38159,192],{"class":109},[61,38161,94],{"class":93},[61,38163,1620],{"class":102},[61,38165,342],{"class":93},[20,38167,345],{},[52,38169,38171],{"className":54,"code":38170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38172,38173,38187,38201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38174,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38176,3337],{"class":71},[61,38178,37630],{"class":89},[61,38180,24645],{"class":109},[61,38182,37392],{"class":67},[61,38184,37399],{"class":34483},[61,38186,3351],{"class":71},[61,38188,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,38190,3337],{"class":71},[61,38192,3340],{"class":882},[61,38194,3343],{"class":310},[61,38196,37630],{"class":314},[61,38198,3348],{"class":310},[61,38200,3351],{"class":71},[61,38202,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,38204,1356],{"class":93},[61,38206,1046],{"class":75},[61,38208,106],{"class":93},[61,38210,2505],{"class":75},[61,38212,1115],{"class":93},[20,38214,38215],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[260,38217,38219],{"id":38218},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38221,38222],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[52,38224,38226],{"className":54,"code":38225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38227,38228,38270,38274,38288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38229,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38231,1593],{"class":67},[61,38233,72],{"class":71},[61,38235,37683],{"class":89},[61,38237,94],{"class":93},[61,38239,37688],{"class":882},[61,38241,37691],{"class":892},[61,38243,1314],{"class":93},[61,38245,3921],{"class":102},[61,38247,4292],{"class":71},[61,38249,3040],{"class":75},[61,38251,106],{"class":93},[61,38253,1088],{"class":93},[61,38255,3035],{"class":75},[61,38257,106],{"class":93},[61,38259,3040],{"class":75},[61,38261,106],{"class":93},[61,38263,1020],{"class":75},[61,38265,106],{"class":93},[61,38267,2505],{"class":75},[61,38269,1365],{"class":93},[61,38271,38272],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,38273,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,38275,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,38277,90],{"class":89},[61,38279,94],{"class":93},[61,38281,192],{"class":109},[61,38283,94],{"class":93},[61,38285,1620],{"class":102},[61,38287,342],{"class":93},[61,38289,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,38291,90],{"class":89},[61,38293,94],{"class":93},[61,38295,192],{"class":109},[61,38297,94],{"class":93},[61,38299,1620],{"class":102},[61,38301,342],{"class":93},[20,38303,345],{},[52,38305,38307],{"className":54,"code":38306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38308,38309,38321],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38310,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38312,1356],{"class":93},[61,38314,1046],{"class":75},[61,38316,106],{"class":93},[61,38318,2505],{"class":75},[61,38320,1115],{"class":93},[61,38322,38323],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,38324,38325],{"class":93},"[]\n",[20,38327,38328],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[47,38330,8449,38332,8738,38334],{"id":38331},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38333,37604],{},[15,38335,37688],{},[20,38337,15216,38338,38340],{},[15,38339,37688],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38342,38343],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[52,38345,38347],{"className":54,"code":38346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38348,38349,38391,38395,38433],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38350,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38387,38389],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38352,4109],{"class":67},[61,38354,72],{"class":71},[61,38356,1088],{"class":93},[61,38358,1010],{"class":310},[61,38360,4118],{"class":314},[61,38362,1010],{"class":310},[61,38364,106],{"class":93},[61,38366,311],{"class":310},[61,38368,38369],{"class":314},"kiwi",[61,38371,1010],{"class":310},[61,38373,106],{"class":93},[61,38375,311],{"class":310},[61,38377,4127],{"class":314},[61,38379,1010],{"class":310},[61,38381,106],{"class":93},[61,38383,311],{"class":310},[61,38385,38386],{"class":314},"fig",[61,38388,1010],{"class":310},[61,38390,1115],{"class":93},[61,38392,38393],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,38394,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,38396,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38410,38412,38415,38417,38420,38422,38425,38427,38429,38431],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,38398,1593],{"class":67},[61,38400,72],{"class":71},[61,38402,37683],{"class":89},[61,38404,94],{"class":93},[61,38406,37688],{"class":882},[61,38408,38409],{"class":892}," word",[61,38411,1314],{"class":93},[61,38413,38414],{"class":89}," len",[61,38416,94],{"class":93},[61,38418,38419],{"class":102},"word",[61,38421,664],{"class":93},[61,38423,38424],{"class":71}," >",[61,38426,2505],{"class":75},[61,38428,106],{"class":93},[61,38430,6207],{"class":102},[61,38432,258],{"class":93},[61,38434,38435,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,38436,90],{"class":89},[61,38438,94],{"class":93},[61,38440,192],{"class":109},[61,38442,94],{"class":93},[61,38444,1620],{"class":102},[61,38446,342],{"class":93},[20,38448,345],{},[52,38450,38452],{"className":54,"code":38451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38453,38454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38455,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38457,1356],{"class":93},[61,38459,3348],{"class":310},[61,38461,4118],{"class":314},[61,38463,3348],{"class":310},[61,38465,106],{"class":93},[61,38467,3343],{"class":310},[61,38469,4127],{"class":314},[61,38471,3348],{"class":310},[61,38473,1115],{"class":93},[20,38475,38476],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38478,38479,38480,229],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[221,38481,38483],{"href":38482},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[47,38485,8449,38487,38489],{"id":38486},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38488,37604],{}," with a named function",[20,38491,38492,38493,229],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38494,37688],{},[20,38496,38497],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[164,38499,38500,38503,38506],{},[167,38501,38502],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[167,38504,38505],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[167,38507,38508],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[52,38510,38512],{"className":54,"code":38511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38513,38514,38527,38542,38546,38578,38597,38601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38515,38516,38518,38521,38523,38525],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38517,883],{"class":882},[61,38519,38520],{"class":886}," is_even",[61,38522,94],{"class":93},[61,38524,1271],{"class":892},[61,38526,900],{"class":93},[61,38528,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,38530,981],{"class":672},[61,38532,6426],{"class":67},[61,38534,6442],{"class":71},[61,38536,3040],{"class":75},[61,38538,667],{"class":71},[61,38540,38541],{"class":75}," 0\n",[61,38543,38544],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,38545,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,38547,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,38549,3661],{"class":67},[61,38551,72],{"class":71},[61,38553,1088],{"class":93},[61,38555,3035],{"class":75},[61,38557,106],{"class":93},[61,38559,3040],{"class":75},[61,38561,106],{"class":93},[61,38563,1020],{"class":75},[61,38565,106],{"class":93},[61,38567,2505],{"class":75},[61,38569,106],{"class":93},[61,38571,4644],{"class":75},[61,38573,106],{"class":93},[61,38575,37672],{"class":75},[61,38577,1115],{"class":93},[61,38579,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38591,38593,38595],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,38581,1593],{"class":67},[61,38583,72],{"class":71},[61,38585,37683],{"class":89},[61,38587,94],{"class":93},[61,38589,38590],{"class":102},"is_even",[61,38592,106],{"class":93},[61,38594,4303],{"class":102},[61,38596,258],{"class":93},[61,38598,38599],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,38600,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,38602,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,38604,90],{"class":89},[61,38606,94],{"class":93},[61,38608,192],{"class":109},[61,38610,94],{"class":93},[61,38612,1620],{"class":102},[61,38614,342],{"class":93},[20,38616,345],{},[52,38618,38620],{"className":54,"code":38619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38621,38622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38623,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38625,1356],{"class":93},[61,38627,2113],{"class":75},[61,38629,106],{"class":93},[61,38631,2505],{"class":75},[61,38633,106],{"class":93},[61,38635,37672],{"class":75},[61,38637,1115],{"class":93},[20,38639,20798,38640,2446,38643,38645],{},[15,38641,38642],{},"is_even()",[15,38644,30],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[47,38647,8449,38649,8738,38651],{"id":38648},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38650,3820],{},[15,38652,37604],{},[20,38654,38655,38656,38658],{},"You can pass ",[15,38657,3820],{}," as the first argument:",[52,38660,38662],{"className":54,"code":38661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38663,38664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38665,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38667,37630],{"class":89},[61,38669,94],{"class":93},[61,38671,3820],{"class":355},[61,38673,106],{"class":93},[61,38675,37893],{"class":102},[61,38677,258],{"class":93},[20,38679,38680,38681,7374],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3784,38682,5634],{},[20,38684,38685],{},"Falsy values include:",[164,38687,38688,38692,38697,38701],{},[167,38689,38690],{},[15,38691,2175],{},[167,38693,38694,38696],{},[15,38695,3815],{}," (empty string)",[167,38698,38699],{},[15,38700,3820],{},[167,38702,38703],{},[15,38704,34],{},[20,38706,295],{},[52,38708,38710],{"className":54,"code":38709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38711,38712,38756,38760,38778],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38713,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38715,7814],{"class":67},[61,38717,72],{"class":71},[61,38719,1088],{"class":93},[61,38721,2175],{"class":75},[61,38723,106],{"class":93},[61,38725,5535],{"class":75},[61,38727,106],{"class":93},[61,38729,6165],{"class":310},[61,38731,106],{"class":93},[61,38733,311],{"class":310},[61,38735,457],{"class":314},[61,38737,1010],{"class":310},[61,38739,106],{"class":93},[61,38741,3894],{"class":355},[61,38743,106],{"class":93},[61,38745,3956],{"class":355},[61,38747,106],{"class":93},[61,38749,3947],{"class":355},[61,38751,106],{"class":93},[61,38753,4644],{"class":75},[61,38755,1115],{"class":93},[61,38757,38758],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,38759,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,38761,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,38763,1593],{"class":67},[61,38765,72],{"class":71},[61,38767,37683],{"class":89},[61,38769,94],{"class":93},[61,38771,3820],{"class":355},[61,38773,106],{"class":93},[61,38775,6004],{"class":102},[61,38777,258],{"class":93},[61,38779,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,38781,90],{"class":89},[61,38783,94],{"class":93},[61,38785,192],{"class":109},[61,38787,94],{"class":93},[61,38789,1620],{"class":102},[61,38791,342],{"class":93},[20,38793,345],{},[52,38795,38797],{"className":54,"code":38796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38798,38799],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38800,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38802,1356],{"class":93},[61,38804,3035],{"class":75},[61,38806,106],{"class":93},[61,38808,3343],{"class":310},[61,38810,457],{"class":314},[61,38812,3348],{"class":310},[61,38814,106],{"class":93},[61,38816,3956],{"class":355},[61,38818,106],{"class":93},[61,38820,4644],{"class":75},[61,38822,1115],{"class":93},[20,38824,38825],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[47,38827,5001,38829],{"id":38828},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38830,37604],{},[20,38832,143,38833,38835],{},[15,38834,37604],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38837,38838],{},"It works well for:",[164,38840,38841,38844,38847],{},[167,38842,38843],{},"simple filtering rules",[167,38845,38846],{},"quick data cleaning",[167,38848,38849],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38851,295],{},[52,38853,38855],{"className":54,"code":38854,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38856,38857,38889,38922,38926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38858,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38860,3661],{"class":67},[61,38862,72],{"class":71},[61,38864,1088],{"class":93},[61,38866,3035],{"class":75},[61,38868,106],{"class":93},[61,38870,3040],{"class":75},[61,38872,106],{"class":93},[61,38874,1020],{"class":75},[61,38876,106],{"class":93},[61,38878,2505],{"class":75},[61,38880,106],{"class":93},[61,38882,4644],{"class":75},[61,38884,106],{"class":93},[61,38886,37672],{"class":75},[61,38888,1115],{"class":93},[61,38890,38891,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,38892,38893],{"class":67},"evens ",[61,38895,72],{"class":71},[61,38897,37683],{"class":89},[61,38899,94],{"class":93},[61,38901,37688],{"class":882},[61,38903,37691],{"class":892},[61,38905,1314],{"class":93},[61,38907,3921],{"class":102},[61,38909,6442],{"class":71},[61,38911,3040],{"class":75},[61,38913,667],{"class":71},[61,38915,3876],{"class":75},[61,38917,106],{"class":93},[61,38919,4303],{"class":102},[61,38921,258],{"class":93},[61,38923,38924],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,38925,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,38927,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38939],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,38929,90],{"class":89},[61,38931,94],{"class":93},[61,38933,192],{"class":109},[61,38935,94],{"class":93},[61,38937,38938],{"class":102},"evens",[61,38940,342],{"class":93},[20,38942,345],{},[52,38944,38945],{"className":54,"code":38619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,38946,38947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38948,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38950,1356],{"class":93},[61,38952,2113],{"class":75},[61,38954,106],{"class":93},[61,38956,2505],{"class":75},[61,38958,106],{"class":93},[61,38960,37672],{"class":75},[61,38962,1115],{"class":93},[20,38964,38965,38966,38968],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38967,5996],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[52,38970,38972],{"className":54,"code":38971,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38973,38974,39006,39014,39018,39030,39046,39061,39065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38975,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38977,3661],{"class":67},[61,38979,72],{"class":71},[61,38981,1088],{"class":93},[61,38983,3035],{"class":75},[61,38985,106],{"class":93},[61,38987,3040],{"class":75},[61,38989,106],{"class":93},[61,38991,1020],{"class":75},[61,38993,106],{"class":93},[61,38995,2505],{"class":75},[61,38997,106],{"class":93},[61,38999,4644],{"class":75},[61,39001,106],{"class":93},[61,39003,37672],{"class":75},[61,39005,1115],{"class":93},[61,39007,39008,39010,39012],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39009,38893],{"class":67},[61,39011,72],{"class":71},[61,39013,7874],{"class":93},[61,39015,39016],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,39017,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,39019,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,39021,5996],{"class":672},[61,39023,6426],{"class":67},[61,39025,3924],{"class":672},[61,39027,4303],{"class":67},[61,39029,6433],{"class":93},[61,39031,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,39033,905],{"class":672},[61,39035,6426],{"class":67},[61,39037,6442],{"class":71},[61,39039,3040],{"class":75},[61,39041,667],{"class":71},[61,39043,3876],{"class":75},[61,39045,6433],{"class":93},[61,39047,39048,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,39049,39050],{"class":67},"        evens",[61,39052,229],{"class":93},[61,39054,13580],{"class":102},[61,39056,94],{"class":93},[61,39058,1271],{"class":102},[61,39060,258],{"class":93},[61,39062,39063],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,39064,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,39066,39067,39069,39071,39073],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,39068,90],{"class":89},[61,39070,94],{"class":93},[61,39072,38938],{"class":102},[61,39074,258],{"class":93},[20,39076,345],{},[52,39078,39079],{"className":54,"code":38619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39080,39081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39082,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39084,1356],{"class":93},[61,39086,2113],{"class":75},[61,39088,106],{"class":93},[61,39090,2505],{"class":75},[61,39092,106],{"class":93},[61,39094,37672],{"class":75},[61,39096,1115],{"class":93},[20,39098,39099],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[52,39101,39103],{"className":54,"code":39102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39104,39105,39137,39170,39174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39106,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39108,3661],{"class":67},[61,39110,72],{"class":71},[61,39112,1088],{"class":93},[61,39114,3035],{"class":75},[61,39116,106],{"class":93},[61,39118,3040],{"class":75},[61,39120,106],{"class":93},[61,39122,1020],{"class":75},[61,39124,106],{"class":93},[61,39126,2505],{"class":75},[61,39128,106],{"class":93},[61,39130,4644],{"class":75},[61,39132,106],{"class":93},[61,39134,37672],{"class":75},[61,39136,1115],{"class":93},[61,39138,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39140,38893],{"class":67},[61,39142,72],{"class":71},[61,39144,1088],{"class":93},[61,39146,2269],{"class":67},[61,39148,5996],{"class":672},[61,39150,6426],{"class":67},[61,39152,3924],{"class":672},[61,39154,39155],{"class":67}," numbers ",[61,39157,1124],{"class":672},[61,39159,6426],{"class":67},[61,39161,6442],{"class":71},[61,39163,3040],{"class":75},[61,39165,667],{"class":71},[61,39167,3876],{"class":75},[61,39169,1115],{"class":93},[61,39171,39172],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,39173,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,39175,39176,39178,39180,39182],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,39177,90],{"class":89},[61,39179,94],{"class":93},[61,39181,38938],{"class":102},[61,39183,258],{"class":93},[20,39185,345],{},[52,39187,39188],{"className":54,"code":38619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39189,39190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39191,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39193,1356],{"class":93},[61,39195,2113],{"class":75},[61,39197,106],{"class":93},[61,39199,2505],{"class":75},[61,39201,106],{"class":93},[61,39203,37672],{"class":75},[61,39205,1115],{"class":93},[20,39207,39208,39209,229],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[221,39210,39212],{"href":39211},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[47,39214,2878],{"id":2877},[20,39216,14760,39217,229],{},[15,39218,37604],{},[260,39220,8485,39222,39224],{"id":39221},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39223,37604],{}," to return a list",[20,39226,39227],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[52,39229,39231],{"className":54,"code":39230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39232,39233,39275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39234,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39236,1593],{"class":67},[61,39238,72],{"class":71},[61,39240,37683],{"class":89},[61,39242,94],{"class":93},[61,39244,37688],{"class":882},[61,39246,37691],{"class":892},[61,39248,1314],{"class":93},[61,39250,3921],{"class":102},[61,39252,4292],{"class":71},[61,39254,3040],{"class":75},[61,39256,106],{"class":93},[61,39258,1088],{"class":93},[61,39260,3035],{"class":75},[61,39262,106],{"class":93},[61,39264,3040],{"class":75},[61,39266,106],{"class":93},[61,39268,1020],{"class":75},[61,39270,106],{"class":93},[61,39272,2505],{"class":75},[61,39274,1365],{"class":93},[61,39276,39277,39279,39281,39283],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39278,90],{"class":89},[61,39280,94],{"class":93},[61,39282,1620],{"class":102},[61,39284,258],{"class":93},[20,39286,39287],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39289,39290],{},"Fix:",[52,39292,39294],{"className":54,"code":39293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39295,39296,39338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39297,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39299,1593],{"class":67},[61,39301,72],{"class":71},[61,39303,37683],{"class":89},[61,39305,94],{"class":93},[61,39307,37688],{"class":882},[61,39309,37691],{"class":892},[61,39311,1314],{"class":93},[61,39313,3921],{"class":102},[61,39315,4292],{"class":71},[61,39317,3040],{"class":75},[61,39319,106],{"class":93},[61,39321,1088],{"class":93},[61,39323,3035],{"class":75},[61,39325,106],{"class":93},[61,39327,3040],{"class":75},[61,39329,106],{"class":93},[61,39331,1020],{"class":75},[61,39333,106],{"class":93},[61,39335,2505],{"class":75},[61,39337,1365],{"class":93},[61,39339,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39341,90],{"class":89},[61,39343,94],{"class":93},[61,39345,192],{"class":109},[61,39347,94],{"class":93},[61,39349,1620],{"class":102},[61,39351,342],{"class":93},[260,39353,39355,39356,31,39358,39360],{"id":39354},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39357,30],{},[15,39359,34],{}," clearly",[20,39362,39363],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39365,39366],{},"Good example:",[52,39368,39370],{"className":54,"code":39369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39371,39372,39385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39373,39374,39376,39379,39381,39383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39375,883],{"class":882},[61,39377,39378],{"class":886}," is_positive",[61,39380,94],{"class":93},[61,39382,1271],{"class":892},[61,39384,900],{"class":93},[61,39386,39387,39389,39391,39393],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39388,981],{"class":672},[61,39390,6426],{"class":67},[61,39392,4292],{"class":71},[61,39394,38541],{"class":75},[20,39396,39397],{},"Then use it with:",[52,39399,39401],{"className":54,"code":39400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39402,39403,39435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39404,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39406,3661],{"class":67},[61,39408,72],{"class":71},[61,39410,1088],{"class":93},[61,39412,2078],{"class":71},[61,39414,2113],{"class":75},[61,39416,106],{"class":93},[61,39418,2274],{"class":71},[61,39420,3035],{"class":75},[61,39422,106],{"class":93},[61,39424,3876],{"class":75},[61,39426,106],{"class":93},[61,39428,5535],{"class":75},[61,39430,106],{"class":93},[61,39432,3040],{"class":75},[61,39434,1115],{"class":93},[61,39436,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39452,39454,39456],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39438,90],{"class":89},[61,39440,94],{"class":93},[61,39442,192],{"class":109},[61,39444,94],{"class":93},[61,39446,37630],{"class":89},[61,39448,94],{"class":93},[61,39450,39451],{"class":102},"is_positive",[61,39453,106],{"class":93},[61,39455,4303],{"class":102},[61,39457,582],{"class":93},[20,39459,345],{},[52,39461,39463],{"className":54,"code":39462,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39464,39465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39466,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39468,1356],{"class":93},[61,39470,3035],{"class":75},[61,39472,106],{"class":93},[61,39474,3040],{"class":75},[61,39476,1115],{"class":93},[260,39478,39480],{"id":39479},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39482,39483],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[52,39485,39486],{"className":54,"code":38225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39487,39488,39530,39534,39548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39489,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39491,1593],{"class":67},[61,39493,72],{"class":71},[61,39495,37683],{"class":89},[61,39497,94],{"class":93},[61,39499,37688],{"class":882},[61,39501,37691],{"class":892},[61,39503,1314],{"class":93},[61,39505,3921],{"class":102},[61,39507,4292],{"class":71},[61,39509,3040],{"class":75},[61,39511,106],{"class":93},[61,39513,1088],{"class":93},[61,39515,3035],{"class":75},[61,39517,106],{"class":93},[61,39519,3040],{"class":75},[61,39521,106],{"class":93},[61,39523,1020],{"class":75},[61,39525,106],{"class":93},[61,39527,2505],{"class":75},[61,39529,1365],{"class":93},[61,39531,39532],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39533,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,39535,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,39537,90],{"class":89},[61,39539,94],{"class":93},[61,39541,192],{"class":109},[61,39543,94],{"class":93},[61,39545,1620],{"class":102},[61,39547,342],{"class":93},[61,39549,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,39551,90],{"class":89},[61,39553,94],{"class":93},[61,39555,192],{"class":109},[61,39557,94],{"class":93},[61,39559,1620],{"class":102},[61,39561,342],{"class":93},[20,39563,345],{},[52,39565,39566],{"className":54,"code":38306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,39567,39568,39580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39569,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39571,1356],{"class":93},[61,39573,1046],{"class":75},[61,39575,106],{"class":93},[61,39577,2505],{"class":75},[61,39579,1115],{"class":93},[61,39581,39582],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39583,38325],{"class":93},[20,39585,39586],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[52,39588,39590],{"className":54,"code":39589,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39591,39592,39638,39642,39652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39593,39594,39596,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39595,1593],{"class":67},[61,39597,72],{"class":71},[61,39599,605],{"class":109},[61,39601,94],{"class":93},[61,39603,37630],{"class":89},[61,39605,94],{"class":93},[61,39607,37688],{"class":882},[61,39609,37691],{"class":892},[61,39611,1314],{"class":93},[61,39613,3921],{"class":102},[61,39615,4292],{"class":71},[61,39617,3040],{"class":75},[61,39619,106],{"class":93},[61,39621,1088],{"class":93},[61,39623,3035],{"class":75},[61,39625,106],{"class":93},[61,39627,3040],{"class":75},[61,39629,106],{"class":93},[61,39631,1020],{"class":75},[61,39633,106],{"class":93},[61,39635,2505],{"class":75},[61,39637,1518],{"class":93},[61,39639,39640],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39641,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,39643,39644,39646,39648,39650],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,39645,90],{"class":89},[61,39647,94],{"class":93},[61,39649,1620],{"class":102},[61,39651,258],{"class":93},[61,39653,39654,39656,39658,39660],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,39655,90],{"class":89},[61,39657,94],{"class":93},[61,39659,1620],{"class":102},[61,39661,258],{"class":93},[260,39663,39665],{"id":39664},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39667,39668],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39670,1400],{},[52,39672,39674],{"className":54,"code":39673,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39675,39676],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39677,39678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39679,39673],{"class":116},[20,39681,39682,39683,6586],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39684,2379],{},[20,39686,1443],{},[52,39688,39690],{"className":54,"code":39689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39691,39692],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39693,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39695,90],{"class":89},[61,39697,94],{"class":93},[61,39699,192],{"class":109},[61,39701,94],{"class":93},[61,39703,37630],{"class":89},[61,39705,94],{"class":93},[61,39707,37688],{"class":882},[61,39709,37691],{"class":892},[61,39711,1314],{"class":93},[61,39713,3921],{"class":102},[61,39715,4292],{"class":71},[61,39717,3040],{"class":75},[61,39719,106],{"class":93},[61,39721,1088],{"class":93},[61,39723,3035],{"class":75},[61,39725,106],{"class":93},[61,39727,3040],{"class":75},[61,39729,106],{"class":93},[61,39731,1020],{"class":75},[61,39733,106],{"class":93},[61,39735,2505],{"class":75},[61,39737,37293],{"class":93},[260,39739,37232,39741,8738,39743],{"id":39740},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39742,37604],{},[15,39744,39745],{},"map()",[164,39747,39748,39753],{},[167,39749,39750,39752],{},[15,39751,37604],{}," keeps or removes items",[167,39754,39755,39757],{},[15,39756,39745],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39759,39760,39761,1314],{},"Example of ",[15,39762,37604],{},[52,39764,39766],{"className":54,"code":39765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39767,39768,39792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39769,39770,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39771,3661],{"class":67},[61,39773,72],{"class":71},[61,39775,1088],{"class":93},[61,39777,3035],{"class":75},[61,39779,106],{"class":93},[61,39781,3040],{"class":75},[61,39783,106],{"class":93},[61,39785,1020],{"class":75},[61,39787,106],{"class":93},[61,39789,2505],{"class":75},[61,39791,1115],{"class":93},[61,39793,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39795,90],{"class":89},[61,39797,94],{"class":93},[61,39799,192],{"class":109},[61,39801,94],{"class":93},[61,39803,37630],{"class":89},[61,39805,94],{"class":93},[61,39807,37688],{"class":882},[61,39809,37691],{"class":892},[61,39811,1314],{"class":93},[61,39813,3921],{"class":102},[61,39815,4292],{"class":71},[61,39817,3040],{"class":75},[61,39819,106],{"class":93},[61,39821,4303],{"class":102},[61,39823,582],{"class":93},[20,39825,345],{},[52,39827,39829],{"className":54,"code":39828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39830,39831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39832,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39834,1356],{"class":93},[61,39836,1046],{"class":75},[61,39838,106],{"class":93},[61,39840,2505],{"class":75},[61,39842,1115],{"class":93},[20,39844,39760,39845,1314],{},[15,39846,39745],{},[52,39848,39850],{"className":54,"code":39849,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39851,39852,39876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39853,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39855,3661],{"class":67},[61,39857,72],{"class":71},[61,39859,1088],{"class":93},[61,39861,3035],{"class":75},[61,39863,106],{"class":93},[61,39865,3040],{"class":75},[61,39867,106],{"class":93},[61,39869,1020],{"class":75},[61,39871,106],{"class":93},[61,39873,2505],{"class":75},[61,39875,1115],{"class":93},[61,39877,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,39879,90],{"class":89},[61,39881,94],{"class":93},[61,39883,192],{"class":109},[61,39885,94],{"class":93},[61,39887,39888],{"class":89},"map",[61,39890,94],{"class":93},[61,39892,37688],{"class":882},[61,39894,37691],{"class":892},[61,39896,1314],{"class":93},[61,39898,3921],{"class":102},[61,39900,987],{"class":71},[61,39902,3040],{"class":75},[61,39904,106],{"class":93},[61,39906,4303],{"class":102},[61,39908,582],{"class":93},[20,39910,345],{},[52,39912,39914],{"className":54,"code":39913,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39915,39916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39917,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39919,1356],{"class":93},[61,39921,2113],{"class":75},[61,39923,106],{"class":93},[61,39925,2505],{"class":75},[61,39927,106],{"class":93},[61,39929,37672],{"class":75},[61,39931,106],{"class":93},[61,39933,6399],{"class":75},[61,39935,1115],{"class":93},[20,39937,39938,39939,229],{},"For the related function, see ",[221,39940,13,39942,1947],{"href":39941},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39943,39745],{},[47,39945,1879],{"id":1878},[260,39947,1928,39949,39951],{"id":39948},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39950,37604],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39953,39954,39955,39957],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39956,24809],{}," if needed.",[260,39959,39961,39962,39964],{"id":39960},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39963,37604],{}," need to return?",[20,39966,37910,39967,39969,39970,39972],{},[15,39968,30],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39971,34],{}," to remove it.",[260,39974,28355,39976,39978],{"id":39975},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39977,37604],{}," without lambda?",[20,39980,39981],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[260,39983,1883,39985,39988],{"id":39984},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39986,39987],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39990,39991,39992,39994,39995,196,39997,229],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39993,2175],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39996,3820],{},[15,39998,34],{},[260,40000,21448,40002,40004],{"id":40001},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40003,37604],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40006,40007,40008,40010],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40009,5996],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40012,40013],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[164,40015,40016,40021,40027],{},[167,40017,851,40018,40020],{},[15,40019,37604],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[167,40022,40023,40024,40026],{},"use a ",[15,40025,5996],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[167,40028,40029],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40031,40032,40033,229],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[221,40034,5173],{"href":40035},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[47,40037,1938],{"id":1937},[164,40039,40040,40045,40049,40054,40060],{},[167,40041,40042],{},[221,40043,40044],{"href":38482},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[167,40046,40047],{},[221,40048,5258],{"href":40035},[167,40050,40051],{},[221,40052,40053],{"href":39211},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[167,40055,40056],{},[221,40057,13,40058,1947],{"href":39941},[15,40059,39745],{},[167,40061,40062],{},[221,40063,5253],{"href":5624},[1969,40065,40066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":40068},[40069,40070,40072,40076,40079,40081,40083,40085,40087,40097,40109],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":37737,"depth":79,"text":40071},"What filter() does",{"id":37871,"depth":79,"text":37872,"children":40073},[40074,40075],{"id":37888,"depth":86,"text":37888},{"id":3761,"depth":86,"text":3761},{"id":38047,"depth":79,"text":38048,"children":40077},[40078],{"id":38218,"depth":86,"text":38219},{"id":38331,"depth":79,"text":40080},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38486,"depth":79,"text":40082},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38648,"depth":79,"text":40084},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38828,"depth":79,"text":40086},"When to use filter()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":40088},[40089,40091,40093,40094,40095],{"id":39221,"depth":86,"text":40090},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39354,"depth":86,"text":40092},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39479,"depth":86,"text":39480},{"id":39664,"depth":86,"text":39665},{"id":39740,"depth":86,"text":40096},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":40098},[40099,40101,40103,40105,40107],{"id":39948,"depth":86,"text":40100},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39960,"depth":86,"text":40102},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39975,"depth":86,"text":40104},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39984,"depth":86,"text":40106},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40001,"depth":86,"text":40108},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37596,"description":40110},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40117,"title":40118,"body":40119,"description":42267,"extension":2017,"meta":42268,"navigation":82,"path":42269,"seo":42270,"stem":42271,"__hash__":42272},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40120,"toc":42221},[40121,40124,40129,40135,40137,40189,40191,40210,40215,40219,40224,40227,40242,40245,40267,40269,40317,40319,40343,40345,40347,40362,40367,40375,40390,40392,40401,40404,40439,40443,40448,40452,40459,40494,40496,40512,40516,40519,40560,40562,40576,40580,40583,40607,40609,40618,40622,40625,40658,40660,40673,40677,40683,40702,40704,40712,40716,40721,40725,40731,40754,40756,40785,40788,40807,40811,40814,40841,40843,40876,40880,40883,40907,40911,40922,40924,40929,40935,40937,41021,41023,41065,41068,41072,41079,41088,41144,41151,41160,41165,41169,41240,41242,41251,41255,41258,41301,41303,41312,41316,41322,41372,41376,41381,41385,41409,41411,41420,41424,41448,41450,41461,41465,41489,41491,41500,41503,41520,41526,41530,41536,41539,41544,41547,41568,41570,41602,41605,41610,41612,41623,41625,41669,41673,41680,41732,41734,41743,41747,41750,41842,41845,41869,41873,41876,41967,41972,41976,41983,41988,42012,42014,42023,42028,42051,42053,42061,42068,42091,42099,42101,42114,42124,42126,42130,42137,42141,42150,42154,42161,42165,42169,42173,42186,42188,42218],[10,40122,40118],{"id":40123},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40125,9156,40126,40128],{},[15,40127,2932],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40130,40131,40132,40134],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40133,2932],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[47,40136,2059],{"id":2058},[52,40138,40140],{"className":54,"code":40139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40141,40142,40156,40175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40143,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152,40154],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40145,90],{"class":89},[61,40147,94],{"class":93},[61,40149,2245],{"class":109},[61,40151,94],{"class":93},[61,40153,2192],{"class":75},[61,40155,342],{"class":93},[61,40157,40158,40160,40162,40164,40166,40168,40171,40173],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40159,90],{"class":89},[61,40161,94],{"class":93},[61,40163,2245],{"class":109},[61,40165,94],{"class":93},[61,40167,1010],{"class":310},[61,40169,40170],{"class":314},"3.14",[61,40172,1010],{"class":310},[61,40174,342],{"class":93},[61,40176,40177,40179,40181,40183,40185,40187],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,40178,90],{"class":89},[61,40180,94],{"class":93},[61,40182,2245],{"class":109},[61,40184,94],{"class":93},[61,40186,30],{"class":355},[61,40188,342],{"class":93},[20,40190,345],{},[52,40192,40194],{"className":54,"code":40193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40195,40196,40200,40205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40197,40198],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40199,2527],{"class":75},[61,40201,40202],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40203,40204],{"class":75},"3.14\n",[61,40206,40207],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,40208,40209],{"class":75},"1.0\n",[20,40211,143,40212,40214],{},[15,40213,2932],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[47,40216,40218],{"id":40217},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40220,40221,40223],{},[15,40222,2932],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40225,40226],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[164,40228,40229,40233,40237],{},[167,40230,40231],{},[15,40232,2539],{},[167,40234,40235],{},[15,40236,40170],{},[167,40238,40239],{},[15,40240,40241],{},"0.5",[20,40243,40244],{},"A few key points:",[164,40246,40247,40254,40257,40260],{},[167,40248,40249,40251,40252],{},[15,40250,2932],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40253,2245],{},[167,40255,40256],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[167,40258,40259],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[167,40261,40262,40263],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[221,40264,40265],{"href":8252},[15,40266,3005],{},[20,40268,295],{},[52,40270,40272],{"className":54,"code":40271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40273,40274,40293,40303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40275,40276,40278,40280,40282,40284,40286,40289,40291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40277,2269],{"class":67},[61,40279,72],{"class":71},[61,40281,579],{"class":109},[61,40283,94],{"class":93},[61,40285,1010],{"class":310},[61,40287,40288],{"class":314},"2.75",[61,40290,1010],{"class":310},[61,40292,258],{"class":93},[61,40294,40295,40297,40299,40301],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40296,90],{"class":89},[61,40298,94],{"class":93},[61,40300,1271],{"class":102},[61,40302,258],{"class":93},[61,40304,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313,40315],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,40306,90],{"class":89},[61,40308,94],{"class":93},[61,40310,657],{"class":109},[61,40312,94],{"class":93},[61,40314,1271],{"class":102},[61,40316,342],{"class":93},[20,40318,345],{},[52,40320,40322],{"className":54,"code":40321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40323,40324,40329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40325,40326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40327,40328],{"class":75},"2.75\n",[61,40330,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339,40341],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40332,3337],{"class":71},[61,40334,3340],{"class":882},[61,40336,3343],{"class":310},[61,40338,2245],{"class":314},[61,40340,3348],{"class":310},[61,40342,3351],{"class":71},[47,40344,233],{"id":232},[20,40346,7252],{},[52,40348,40350],{"className":54,"code":40349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"float(value)\n",[15,40351,40352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40353,40354,40356,40358,40360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40355,2245],{"class":109},[61,40357,94],{"class":93},[61,40359,103],{"class":102},[61,40361,258],{"class":93},[20,40363,40364,40365,229],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40366,2932],{},[20,40368,40369,40370,40372,40373,1314],{},"If you call ",[15,40371,2932],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40374,3810],{},[52,40376,40378],{"className":54,"code":40377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float())\n",[15,40379,40380],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40381,40382,40384,40386,40388],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40383,90],{"class":89},[61,40385,94],{"class":93},[61,40387,2245],{"class":109},[61,40389,7228],{"class":93},[20,40391,345],{},[52,40393,40395],{"className":54,"code":40394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0.0\n",[15,40396,40397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40398,40399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40400,40394],{"class":75},[20,40402,40403],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[52,40405,40407],{"className":54,"code":40406,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40408,40409,40429],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40410,40411,40414,40416,40418,40420,40422,40425,40427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40412,40413],{"class":67},"price ",[61,40415,72],{"class":71},[61,40417,579],{"class":109},[61,40419,94],{"class":93},[61,40421,1010],{"class":310},[61,40423,40424],{"class":314},"19.99",[61,40426,1010],{"class":310},[61,40428,258],{"class":93},[61,40430,40431,40433,40435,40437],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40432,90],{"class":89},[61,40434,94],{"class":93},[61,40436,25178],{"class":102},[61,40438,258],{"class":93},[47,40440,40442],{"id":40441},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40444,40445,40447],{},[15,40446,2932],{}," can convert several common value types.",[260,40449,40451],{"id":40450},"integers","Integers",[20,40453,40454,40455,40458],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40456,40457],{},".0"," added:",[52,40460,40462],{"className":54,"code":40461,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40463,40464,40478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40465,40466,40468,40470,40472,40474,40476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40467,90],{"class":89},[61,40469,94],{"class":93},[61,40471,2245],{"class":109},[61,40473,94],{"class":93},[61,40475,2192],{"class":75},[61,40477,342],{"class":93},[61,40479,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490,40492],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40481,90],{"class":89},[61,40483,94],{"class":93},[61,40485,2245],{"class":109},[61,40487,94],{"class":93},[61,40489,2078],{"class":71},[61,40491,2113],{"class":75},[61,40493,342],{"class":93},[20,40495,345],{},[52,40497,40499],{"className":54,"code":40498,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40500,40501,40505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40502,40503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40504,2527],{"class":75},[61,40506,40507,40509],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40508,2078],{"class":71},[61,40510,40511],{"class":75},"2.0\n",[260,40513,40515],{"id":40514},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40517,40518],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[52,40520,40522],{"className":54,"code":40521,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40523,40524,40542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40525,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534,40536,40538,40540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40527,90],{"class":89},[61,40529,94],{"class":93},[61,40531,2245],{"class":109},[61,40533,94],{"class":93},[61,40535,1010],{"class":310},[61,40537,40170],{"class":314},[61,40539,1010],{"class":310},[61,40541,342],{"class":93},[61,40543,40544,40546,40548,40550,40552,40554,40556,40558],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40545,90],{"class":89},[61,40547,94],{"class":93},[61,40549,2245],{"class":109},[61,40551,94],{"class":93},[61,40553,1010],{"class":310},[61,40555,2379],{"class":314},[61,40557,1010],{"class":310},[61,40559,342],{"class":93},[20,40561,345],{},[52,40563,40565],{"className":54,"code":40564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40566,40567,40571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40568,40569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40570,40204],{"class":75},[61,40572,40573],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40574,40575],{"class":75},"10.0\n",[260,40577,40579],{"id":40578},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40581,40582],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[52,40584,40586],{"className":54,"code":40585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40587,40588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40589,40590,40592,40594,40596,40598,40600,40603,40605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40591,90],{"class":89},[61,40593,94],{"class":93},[61,40595,2245],{"class":109},[61,40597,94],{"class":93},[61,40599,1010],{"class":310},[61,40601,40602],{"class":314},"  8.5  ",[61,40604,1010],{"class":310},[61,40606,342],{"class":93},[20,40608,345],{},[52,40610,40612],{"className":54,"code":40611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8.5\n",[15,40613,40614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40615,40616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40617,40611],{"class":75},[260,40619,40621],{"id":40620},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40623,40624],{},"Boolean values also work:",[52,40626,40628],{"className":54,"code":40627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40629,40630,40644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40631,40632,40634,40636,40638,40640,40642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40633,90],{"class":89},[61,40635,94],{"class":93},[61,40637,2245],{"class":109},[61,40639,94],{"class":93},[61,40641,30],{"class":355},[61,40643,342],{"class":93},[61,40645,40646,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40647,90],{"class":89},[61,40649,94],{"class":93},[61,40651,2245],{"class":109},[61,40653,94],{"class":93},[61,40655,34],{"class":355},[61,40657,342],{"class":93},[20,40659,345],{},[52,40661,40663],{"className":54,"code":40662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40664,40665,40669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40666,40667],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40668,40209],{"class":75},[61,40670,40671],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40672,40394],{"class":75},[260,40674,40676],{"id":40675},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40678,40679,40680,40682],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40681,2932],{}," returns a float version of it:",[52,40684,40686],{"className":54,"code":40685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40687,40688],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40689,40690,40692,40694,40696,40698,40700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40691,90],{"class":89},[61,40693,94],{"class":93},[61,40695,2245],{"class":109},[61,40697,94],{"class":93},[61,40699,2411],{"class":75},[61,40701,342],{"class":93},[20,40703,345],{},[52,40705,40706],{"className":54,"code":2435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,40707,40708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40709,40710],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40711,2435],{"class":75},[47,40713,40715],{"id":40714},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40717,40718,40719,229],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40720,2932],{},[260,40722,40724],{"id":40723},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40726,40727,40728,1314],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40729,40730],{},"ValueError",[52,40732,40734],{"className":54,"code":40733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40735,40736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40737,40738,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750,40752],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40739,90],{"class":89},[61,40741,94],{"class":93},[61,40743,2245],{"class":109},[61,40745,94],{"class":93},[61,40747,1010],{"class":310},[61,40749,457],{"class":314},[61,40751,1010],{"class":310},[61,40753,342],{"class":93},[20,40755,29708],{},[52,40757,40759],{"className":54,"code":40758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40760,40761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40762,40763,40765,40767,40770,40772,40775,40777,40779,40781,40783],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40764,40730],{"class":109},[61,40766,1314],{"class":93},[61,40768,40769],{"class":67}," could ",[61,40771,4670],{"class":71},[61,40773,40774],{"class":67}," convert string to ",[61,40776,2245],{"class":109},[61,40778,1314],{"class":93},[61,40780,3343],{"class":310},[61,40782,457],{"class":314},[61,40784,29727],{"class":310},[20,40786,40787],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[52,40789,40791],{"className":54,"code":40790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40792,40793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40794,40795,40797,40799,40801,40803,40805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40796,90],{"class":89},[61,40798,94],{"class":93},[61,40800,2245],{"class":109},[61,40802,94],{"class":93},[61,40804,6311],{"class":310},[61,40806,342],{"class":93},[260,40808,40810],{"id":40809},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40812,40813],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[52,40815,40817],{"className":54,"code":40816,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40818,40819],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40820,40821,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831,40833,40835,40837,40839],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40822,90],{"class":89},[61,40824,94],{"class":93},[61,40826,2245],{"class":109},[61,40828,3032],{"class":93},[61,40830,3035],{"class":75},[61,40832,106],{"class":93},[61,40834,3040],{"class":75},[61,40836,106],{"class":93},[61,40838,1020],{"class":75},[61,40840,1518],{"class":93},[20,40842,29708],{},[52,40844,40846],{"className":54,"code":40845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40847,40848],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40849,40850,40852,40854,40856,40858,40861,40863,40866,40868,40870,40872,40874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40851,1382],{"class":109},[61,40853,1314],{"class":93},[61,40855,579],{"class":109},[61,40857,7400],{"class":93},[61,40859,40860],{"class":67}," argument must be a string ",[61,40862,627],{"class":71},[61,40864,40865],{"class":67}," a real number",[61,40867,106],{"class":93},[61,40869,908],{"class":71},[61,40871,3343],{"class":310},[61,40873,192],{"class":314},[61,40875,29727],{"class":310},[260,40877,40879],{"id":40878},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40881,40882],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[52,40884,40886],{"className":54,"code":40885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40887,40888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40889,40890,40892,40894,40896,40898,40900,40903,40905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40891,90],{"class":89},[61,40893,94],{"class":93},[61,40895,2245],{"class":109},[61,40897,94],{"class":93},[61,40899,1010],{"class":310},[61,40901,40902],{"class":314},"3,14",[61,40904,1010],{"class":310},[61,40906,342],{"class":93},[20,40908,3049,40909,229],{},[15,40910,40730],{},[20,40912,40913,40914,749,40918,229],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[221,40915,40917],{"href":40916},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[221,40919,40921],{"href":40920},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[47,40923,17445],{"id":17444},[20,40925,40926,40928],{},[15,40927,2932],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40930,40931,40932,40934],{},"It does ",[3784,40933,4670],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40936,295],{},[52,40938,40940],{"className":54,"code":40939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40941,40942,40955,40969,40973,40983,40993,41007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40943,40944,40946,40948,40950,40953],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40945,450],{"class":67},[61,40947,72],{"class":71},[61,40949,311],{"class":310},[61,40951,40952],{"class":314},"6.5",[61,40954,318],{"class":310},[61,40956,40957,40959,40961,40963,40965,40967],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,40958,2269],{"class":67},[61,40960,72],{"class":71},[61,40962,579],{"class":109},[61,40964,94],{"class":93},[61,40966,476],{"class":102},[61,40968,258],{"class":93},[61,40970,40971],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,40972,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,40974,40975,40977,40979,40981],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,40976,90],{"class":89},[61,40978,94],{"class":93},[61,40980,476],{"class":102},[61,40982,258],{"class":93},[61,40984,40985,40987,40989,40991],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,40986,90],{"class":89},[61,40988,94],{"class":93},[61,40990,1271],{"class":102},[61,40992,258],{"class":93},[61,40994,40995,40997,40999,41001,41003,41005],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,40996,90],{"class":89},[61,40998,94],{"class":93},[61,41000,657],{"class":109},[61,41002,94],{"class":93},[61,41004,476],{"class":102},[61,41006,342],{"class":93},[61,41008,41009,41011,41013,41015,41017,41019],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,41010,90],{"class":89},[61,41012,94],{"class":93},[61,41014,657],{"class":109},[61,41016,94],{"class":93},[61,41018,1271],{"class":102},[61,41020,342],{"class":93},[20,41022,345],{},[52,41024,41026],{"className":54,"code":41025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41027,41028,41033,41037,41051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41029,41030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41031,41032],{"class":75},"6.5\n",[61,41034,41035],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41036,41032],{"class":75},[61,41038,41039,41041,41043,41045,41047,41049],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,41040,3337],{"class":71},[61,41042,3340],{"class":882},[61,41044,3343],{"class":310},[61,41046,185],{"class":314},[61,41048,3348],{"class":310},[61,41050,3351],{"class":71},[61,41052,41053,41055,41057,41059,41061,41063],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,41054,3337],{"class":71},[61,41056,3340],{"class":882},[61,41058,3343],{"class":310},[61,41060,2245],{"class":314},[61,41062,3348],{"class":310},[61,41064,3351],{"class":71},[20,41066,41067],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[47,41069,41071],{"id":41070},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[260,41073,41075,41076,41078],{"id":41074},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41077,3005],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41080,2034,41081,41085,41086,229],{},[221,41082,41083,2351],{"href":8252},[15,41084,3005],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41087,2932],{},[52,41089,41091],{"className":54,"code":41090,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41092,41093,41112,41126,41130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41094,41095,41097,41099,41101,41103,41105,41108,41110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41096,8270],{"class":67},[61,41098,72],{"class":71},[61,41100,8275],{"class":89},[61,41102,94],{"class":93},[61,41104,1010],{"class":310},[61,41106,41107],{"class":314},"Enter a price: ",[61,41109,1010],{"class":310},[61,41111,258],{"class":93},[61,41113,41114,41116,41118,41120,41122,41124],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41115,40413],{"class":67},[61,41117,72],{"class":71},[61,41119,579],{"class":109},[61,41121,94],{"class":93},[61,41123,8299],{"class":102},[61,41125,258],{"class":93},[61,41127,41128],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,41129,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,41131,41132,41134,41136,41138,41140,41142],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,41133,90],{"class":89},[61,41135,94],{"class":93},[61,41137,40413],{"class":102},[61,41139,987],{"class":71},[61,41141,3040],{"class":75},[61,41143,258],{"class":93},[20,41145,41146,41147,41150],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41148,41149],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[52,41152,41154],{"className":54,"code":41153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"9.0\n",[15,41155,41156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41157,41158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41159,41153],{"class":75},[20,41161,41162,41163,229],{},"For more help with this, see ",[221,41164,9014],{"href":9013},[260,41166,41168],{"id":41167},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[52,41170,41172],{"className":54,"code":41171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41173,41174,41187,41200,41204,41229],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41175,41176,41178,41180,41182,41185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41177,2602],{"class":67},[61,41179,72],{"class":71},[61,41181,311],{"class":310},[61,41183,41184],{"class":314},"2.5",[61,41186,318],{"class":310},[61,41188,41189,41191,41193,41195,41198],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41190,2630],{"class":67},[61,41192,72],{"class":71},[61,41194,311],{"class":310},[61,41196,41197],{"class":314},"1.5",[61,41199,318],{"class":310},[61,41201,41202],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,41203,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,41205,41206,41209,41211,41213,41215,41217,41219,41221,41223,41225,41227],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,41207,41208],{"class":67},"total ",[61,41210,72],{"class":71},[61,41212,579],{"class":109},[61,41214,94],{"class":93},[61,41216,221],{"class":102},[61,41218,664],{"class":93},[61,41220,2502],{"class":71},[61,41222,579],{"class":109},[61,41224,94],{"class":93},[61,41226,1101],{"class":102},[61,41228,258],{"class":93},[61,41230,41231,41233,41235,41238],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,41232,90],{"class":89},[61,41234,94],{"class":93},[61,41236,41237],{"class":102},"total",[61,41239,258],{"class":93},[20,41241,345],{},[52,41243,41245],{"className":54,"code":41244,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4.0\n",[15,41246,41247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41248,41249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41250,41244],{"class":75},[260,41252,41254],{"id":41253},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41256,41257],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[52,41259,41261],{"className":54,"code":41260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41262,41263,41273,41287,41291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41264,41265,41268,41270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41266,41267],{"class":67},"count ",[61,41269,72],{"class":71},[61,41271,41272],{"class":75}," 7\n",[61,41274,41275,41277,41279,41281,41283,41285],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41276,1593],{"class":67},[61,41278,72],{"class":71},[61,41280,579],{"class":109},[61,41282,94],{"class":93},[61,41284,952],{"class":102},[61,41286,258],{"class":93},[61,41288,41289],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,41290,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,41292,41293,41295,41297,41299],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,41294,90],{"class":89},[61,41296,94],{"class":93},[61,41298,1620],{"class":102},[61,41300,258],{"class":93},[20,41302,345],{},[52,41304,41306],{"className":54,"code":41305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.0\n",[15,41307,41308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41309,41310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41311,41305],{"class":75},[260,41313,41315],{"id":41314},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41317,41318,41319,41321],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41320,2932],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[52,41323,41325],{"className":54,"code":41324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41326,41327,41341,41357,41361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41328,41329,41332,41334,41336,41339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41330,41331],{"class":67},"temperature_text ",[61,41333,72],{"class":71},[61,41335,311],{"class":310},[61,41337,41338],{"class":314},"21.8",[61,41340,318],{"class":310},[61,41342,41343,41346,41348,41350,41352,41355],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41344,41345],{"class":67},"temperature ",[61,41347,72],{"class":71},[61,41349,579],{"class":109},[61,41351,94],{"class":93},[61,41353,41354],{"class":102},"temperature_text",[61,41356,258],{"class":93},[61,41358,41359],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,41360,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,41362,41363,41365,41367,41370],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,41364,90],{"class":89},[61,41366,94],{"class":93},[61,41368,41369],{"class":102},"temperature",[61,41371,258],{"class":93},[47,41373,41375],{"id":41374},"special-values","Special values",[20,41377,41378,41380],{},[15,41379,2932],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[260,41382,41384],{"id":41383},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[52,41386,41388],{"className":54,"code":41387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41389,41390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41391,41392,41394,41396,41398,41400,41402,41405,41407],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41393,90],{"class":89},[61,41395,94],{"class":93},[61,41397,2245],{"class":109},[61,41399,94],{"class":93},[61,41401,1010],{"class":310},[61,41403,41404],{"class":314},"inf",[61,41406,1010],{"class":310},[61,41408,342],{"class":93},[20,41410,345],{},[52,41412,41414],{"className":54,"code":41413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"inf\n",[15,41415,41416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41417,41418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41419,41413],{"class":67},[260,41421,41423],{"id":41422},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[52,41425,41427],{"className":54,"code":41426,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41428,41429],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41430,41431,41433,41435,41437,41439,41441,41444,41446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41432,90],{"class":89},[61,41434,94],{"class":93},[61,41436,2245],{"class":109},[61,41438,94],{"class":93},[61,41440,1010],{"class":310},[61,41442,41443],{"class":314},"-inf",[61,41445,1010],{"class":310},[61,41447,342],{"class":93},[20,41449,345],{},[52,41451,41453],{"className":54,"code":41452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-inf\n",[15,41454,41455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41456,41457,41459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41458,2078],{"class":71},[61,41460,41413],{"class":67},[260,41462,41464],{"id":41463},"not-a-number","Not a number",[52,41466,41468],{"className":54,"code":41467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41469,41470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41471,41472,41474,41476,41478,41480,41482,41485,41487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41473,90],{"class":89},[61,41475,94],{"class":93},[61,41477,2245],{"class":109},[61,41479,94],{"class":93},[61,41481,1010],{"class":310},[61,41483,41484],{"class":314},"nan",[61,41486,1010],{"class":310},[61,41488,342],{"class":93},[20,41490,345],{},[52,41492,41494],{"className":54,"code":41493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nan\n",[15,41495,41496],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41497,41498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41499,41493],{"class":67},[20,41501,41502],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[164,41504,41505,41510,41515],{},[167,41506,41507,41509],{},[15,41508,41404],{}," means positive infinity",[167,41511,41512,41514],{},[15,41513,41443],{}," means negative infinity",[167,41516,41517,41519],{},[15,41518,41484],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41521,41522,41523,41525],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41524,2932],{}," accepts them.",[47,41527,41529],{"id":41528},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41531,41532,41533,41535],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41534,2932],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[260,41537,40730],{"id":41538},"valueerror",[20,41540,15216,41541,41543],{},[15,41542,40730],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41545,41546],{},"Common causes:",[164,41548,41549,41555,41558,41561],{},[167,41550,41551,41552],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41553,41554],{},"\"abc\"",[167,41556,41557],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[167,41559,41560],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[167,41562,4744,41563],{},[221,41564,41565,41567],{"href":8252},[15,41566,3005],{}," returns a string",[20,41569,295],{},[52,41571,41573],{"className":54,"code":41572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41574,41575,41588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41576,41577,41579,41581,41583,41586],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41578,68],{"class":67},[61,41580,72],{"class":71},[61,41582,311],{"class":310},[61,41584,41585],{"class":314},"abc",[61,41587,318],{"class":310},[61,41589,41590,41592,41594,41596,41598,41600],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41591,90],{"class":89},[61,41593,94],{"class":93},[61,41595,2245],{"class":109},[61,41597,94],{"class":93},[61,41599,103],{"class":102},[61,41601,342],{"class":93},[260,41603,1382],{"id":41604},"typeerror",[20,41606,15216,41607,41609],{},[15,41608,1382],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41611,41546],{},[164,41613,41614,41617,41620],{},[167,41615,41616],{},"Passing a list",[167,41618,41619],{},"Passing a dictionary",[167,41621,41622],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41624,295],{},[52,41626,41628],{"className":54,"code":41627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41629,41630,41655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41631,41632,41634,41636,41638,41640,41642,41644,41646,41648,41651,41653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41633,68],{"class":67},[61,41635,72],{"class":71},[61,41637,1305],{"class":93},[61,41639,1010],{"class":310},[61,41641,25178],{"class":314},[61,41643,1010],{"class":310},[61,41645,1314],{"class":93},[61,41647,311],{"class":310},[61,41649,41650],{"class":314},"9.99",[61,41652,1010],{"class":310},[61,41654,1324],{"class":93},[61,41656,41657,41659,41661,41663,41665,41667],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41658,90],{"class":89},[61,41660,94],{"class":93},[61,41662,2245],{"class":109},[61,41664,94],{"class":93},[61,41666,103],{"class":102},[61,41668,342],{"class":93},[260,41670,41672],{"id":41671},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41674,41675,41676,41679],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41677,41678],{},"strip()"," can help:",[52,41681,41683],{"className":54,"code":41682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41684,41685,41698,41713,41717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41686,41687,41689,41691,41693,41696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41688,68],{"class":67},[61,41690,72],{"class":71},[61,41692,311],{"class":310},[61,41694,41695],{"class":314},"  7.25  ",[61,41697,318],{"class":310},[61,41699,41700,41703,41705,41707,41709,41711],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41701,41702],{"class":67},"clean_value ",[61,41704,72],{"class":71},[61,41706,8465],{"class":67},[61,41708,229],{"class":93},[61,41710,8667],{"class":102},[61,41712,8676],{"class":93},[61,41714,41715],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,41716,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,41718,41719,41721,41723,41725,41727,41730],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,41720,90],{"class":89},[61,41722,94],{"class":93},[61,41724,2245],{"class":109},[61,41726,94],{"class":93},[61,41728,41729],{"class":102},"clean_value",[61,41731,342],{"class":93},[20,41733,345],{},[52,41735,41737],{"className":54,"code":41736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.25\n",[15,41738,41739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41740,41741],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41742,41736],{"class":75},[260,41744,41746],{"id":41745},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41748,41749],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[52,41751,41753],{"className":54,"code":41752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41754,41755,41768,41772,41782,41796,41810,41814,41828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41756,41757,41759,41761,41763,41766],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41758,68],{"class":67},[61,41760,72],{"class":71},[61,41762,311],{"class":310},[61,41764,41765],{"class":314}," 3.5 ",[61,41767,318],{"class":310},[61,41769,41770],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41771,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,41773,41774,41776,41778,41780],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,41775,90],{"class":89},[61,41777,94],{"class":93},[61,41779,103],{"class":102},[61,41781,258],{"class":93},[61,41783,41784,41786,41788,41790,41792,41794],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,41785,90],{"class":89},[61,41787,94],{"class":93},[61,41789,657],{"class":109},[61,41791,94],{"class":93},[61,41793,103],{"class":102},[61,41795,342],{"class":93},[61,41797,41798,41800,41802,41804,41806,41808],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,41799,90],{"class":89},[61,41801,94],{"class":93},[61,41803,1804],{"class":89},[61,41805,94],{"class":93},[61,41807,103],{"class":102},[61,41809,342],{"class":93},[61,41811,41812],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,41813,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,41815,41816,41818,41820,41822,41824,41826],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,41817,41702],{"class":67},[61,41819,72],{"class":71},[61,41821,8465],{"class":67},[61,41823,229],{"class":93},[61,41825,8667],{"class":102},[61,41827,8676],{"class":93},[61,41829,41830,41832,41834,41836,41838,41840],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,41831,90],{"class":89},[61,41833,94],{"class":93},[61,41835,2245],{"class":109},[61,41837,94],{"class":93},[61,41839,41729],{"class":102},[61,41841,342],{"class":93},[20,41843,41844],{},"Why this helps:",[164,41846,41847,41853,41858,41864],{},[167,41848,41849,41852],{},[15,41850,41851],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[167,41854,41855,21395],{},[15,41856,41857],{},"print(type(value))",[167,41859,41860,41863],{},[15,41861,41862],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[167,41865,41866,41868],{},[15,41867,41678],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[260,41870,41872],{"id":41871},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41874,41875],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[52,41877,41879],{"className":54,"code":41878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41880,41881,41900,41904,41910,41924,41943,41952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41882,41883,41885,41887,41889,41891,41893,41896,41898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41884,68],{"class":67},[61,41886,72],{"class":71},[61,41888,8275],{"class":89},[61,41890,94],{"class":93},[61,41892,1010],{"class":310},[61,41894,41895],{"class":314},"Enter a number: ",[61,41897,1010],{"class":310},[61,41899,258],{"class":93},[61,41901,41902],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,41903,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,41905,41906,41908],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,41907,29831],{"class":672},[61,41909,6433],{"class":93},[61,41911,41912,41914,41916,41918,41920,41922],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,41913,1252],{"class":67},[61,41915,72],{"class":71},[61,41917,579],{"class":109},[61,41919,94],{"class":93},[61,41921,103],{"class":102},[61,41923,258],{"class":93},[61,41925,41926,41928,41930,41932,41935,41937,41939,41941],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,41927,1141],{"class":89},[61,41929,94],{"class":93},[61,41931,1010],{"class":310},[61,41933,41934],{"class":314},"Converted:",[61,41936,1010],{"class":310},[61,41938,106],{"class":93},[61,41940,2249],{"class":102},[61,41942,258],{"class":93},[61,41944,41945,41947,41950],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,41946,29862],{"class":672},[61,41948,41949],{"class":109}," ValueError",[61,41951,6433],{"class":93},[61,41953,41954,41956,41958,41960,41963,41965],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,41955,1141],{"class":89},[61,41957,94],{"class":93},[61,41959,1010],{"class":310},[61,41961,41962],{"class":314},"That is not a valid number.",[61,41964,1010],{"class":310},[61,41966,258],{"class":93},[20,41968,41969,41970,229],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[221,41971,40921],{"href":40920},[47,41973,41975],{"id":41974},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41977,746,41978,749,41980,41982],{},[15,41979,2932],{},[15,41981,2926],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41984,41985,41987],{},[15,41986,2932],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[52,41989,41991],{"className":54,"code":41990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41992,41993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41994,41995,41997,41999,42001,42003,42005,42008,42010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41996,90],{"class":89},[61,41998,94],{"class":93},[61,42000,2245],{"class":109},[61,42002,94],{"class":93},[61,42004,1010],{"class":310},[61,42006,42007],{"class":314},"3.9",[61,42009,1010],{"class":310},[61,42011,342],{"class":93},[20,42013,345],{},[52,42015,42017],{"className":54,"code":42016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.9\n",[15,42018,42019],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42020,42021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42022,42016],{"class":75},[20,42024,42025,42027],{},[15,42026,2926],{}," creates whole numbers:",[52,42029,42031],{"className":54,"code":42030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42032,42033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42034,42035,42037,42039,42041,42043,42045,42047,42049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42036,90],{"class":89},[61,42038,94],{"class":93},[61,42040,189],{"class":109},[61,42042,94],{"class":93},[61,42044,1010],{"class":310},[61,42046,2379],{"class":314},[61,42048,1010],{"class":310},[61,42050,342],{"class":93},[20,42052,345],{},[52,42054,42055],{"className":54,"code":2425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,42056,42057],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42058,42059],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42060,2425],{"class":75},[20,42062,42063,42064,42067],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42065,42066],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[52,42069,42071],{"className":54,"code":42070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42072,42073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42074,42075,42077,42079,42081,42083,42085,42087,42089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42076,90],{"class":89},[61,42078,94],{"class":93},[61,42080,189],{"class":109},[61,42082,94],{"class":93},[61,42084,1010],{"class":310},[61,42086,42007],{"class":314},[61,42088,1010],{"class":310},[61,42090,342],{"class":93},[20,42092,3049,42093,8634,42095,42098],{},[15,42094,40730],{},[15,42096,42097],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42100,10742],{},[164,42102,42103,42109],{},[167,42104,42105,42108],{},[15,42106,42107],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[167,42110,42111,42113],{},[15,42112,42066],{}," fails",[20,42115,42116,42117,42120,42121,42123],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[221,42118,42119],{"href":2923},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[221,42122,2469],{"href":2468}," helpful.",[47,42125,1879],{"id":1878},[260,42127,42129],{"id":42128},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42131,42132,42133,31,42135,229],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42134,2539],{},[15,42136,40170],{},[260,42138,42140],{"id":42139},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42142,42143,42144,31,42147,229],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42145,42146],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42148,42149],{},"\"10\"",[260,42151,42153],{"id":42152},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42155,29088,42156,42158,42159,229],{},[15,42157,41554],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42160,40730],{},[260,42162,42164],{"id":42163},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42166,1889,42167,229],{},[15,42168,3810],{},[260,42170,42172],{"id":42171},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42174,42175,42176,42178,42179,749,42182,42178,42184,229],{},"Yes. ",[15,42177,30],{}," becomes ",[15,42180,42181],{},"1.0",[15,42183,34],{},[15,42185,3810],{},[47,42187,1938],{"id":1937},[164,42189,42190,42194,42200,42205,42209,42213],{},[167,42191,42192],{},[221,42193,42119],{"href":2923},[167,42195,42196],{},[221,42197,42199],{"href":42198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[167,42201,42202],{},[221,42203,42204],{"href":40916},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[167,42206,42207],{},[221,42208,9091],{"href":9013},[167,42210,42211],{},[221,42212,40921],{"href":40920},[167,42214,42215],{},[221,42216,42217],{"href":8252},"Python input() Function Explained",[1969,42219,42220],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":42222},[42223,42224,42225,42226,42233,42238,42239,42246,42251,42258,42259,42266],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":40217,"depth":79,"text":40218},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":40441,"depth":79,"text":40442,"children":42227},[42228,42229,42230,42231,42232],{"id":40450,"depth":86,"text":40451},{"id":40514,"depth":86,"text":40515},{"id":40578,"depth":86,"text":40579},{"id":40620,"depth":86,"text":40621},{"id":40675,"depth":86,"text":40676},{"id":40714,"depth":79,"text":40715,"children":42234},[42235,42236,42237],{"id":40723,"depth":86,"text":40724},{"id":40809,"depth":86,"text":40810},{"id":40878,"depth":86,"text":40879},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":41070,"depth":79,"text":41071,"children":42240},[42241,42243,42244,42245],{"id":41074,"depth":86,"text":42242},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41167,"depth":86,"text":41168},{"id":41253,"depth":86,"text":41254},{"id":41314,"depth":86,"text":41315},{"id":41374,"depth":79,"text":41375,"children":42247},[42248,42249,42250],{"id":41383,"depth":86,"text":41384},{"id":41422,"depth":86,"text":41423},{"id":41463,"depth":86,"text":41464},{"id":41528,"depth":79,"text":41529,"children":42252},[42253,42254,42255,42256,42257],{"id":41538,"depth":86,"text":40730},{"id":41604,"depth":86,"text":1382},{"id":41671,"depth":86,"text":41672},{"id":41745,"depth":86,"text":41746},{"id":41871,"depth":86,"text":41872},{"id":41974,"depth":79,"text":41975},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":42260},[42261,42262,42263,42264,42265],{"id":42128,"depth":86,"text":42129},{"id":42139,"depth":86,"text":42140},{"id":42152,"depth":86,"text":42153},{"id":42163,"depth":86,"text":42164},{"id":42171,"depth":86,"text":42172},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40118,"description":42267},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42274,"title":42275,"body":42276,"description":43496,"extension":2017,"meta":43497,"navigation":82,"path":35049,"seo":43498,"stem":43499,"__hash__":43500},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42277,"toc":43462},[42278,42281,42286,42289,42291,42330,42344,42348,42353,42356,42373,42376,42386,42401,42404,42406,42409,42424,42427,42430,42450,42454,42465,42468,42472,42476,42490,42525,42529,42540,42575,42578,42580,42588,42621,42637,42639,42649,42670,42681,42683,42688,42691,42705,42707,42726,42729,42742,42745,42749,42753,42767,42770,42788,42791,42806,42810,42815,42829,42835,42837,42894,42896,42929,42932,42948,42952,42959,42963,42968,42971,42982,42986,42991,43006,43015,43020,43039,43042,43054,43056,43061,43071,43074,43103,43108,43117,43121,43126,43129,43133,43138,43140,43170,43173,43180,43185,43190,43194,43197,43205,43208,43286,43289,43311,43313,43317,43320,43324,43330,43393,43397,43405,43409,43412,43414,43439,43459],[10,42279,42275],{"id":42280},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42282,3627,42283,42285],{},[15,42284,35052],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42287,42288],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[47,42290,2059],{"id":2058},[52,42292,42294],{"className":54,"code":42293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42295,42296,42306,42316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42297,42298,42300,42302,42304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42299,32181],{"class":89},[61,42301,94],{"class":93},[61,42303,11191],{"class":89},[61,42305,258],{"class":93},[61,42307,42308,42310,42312,42314],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,42309,32181],{"class":89},[61,42311,94],{"class":93},[61,42313,185],{"class":109},[61,42315,258],{"class":93},[61,42317,42318,42320,42322,42324,42326,42328],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,42319,32181],{"class":89},[61,42321,94],{"class":93},[61,42323,3348],{"class":310},[61,42325,34689],{"class":314},[61,42327,3348],{"class":310},[61,42329,258],{"class":93},[20,42331,143,42332,42334,42335,31,42337,42339,42340,42343],{},[15,42333,35052],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42336,11191],{},[15,42338,185],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42341,42342],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[47,42345,42347],{"id":42346},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42349,42350,42352],{},[15,42351,35052],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42354,42355],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[164,42357,42358,42361,42364,42367,42370],{},[167,42359,42360],{},"Functions",[167,42362,42363],{},"Classes",[167,42365,42366],{},"Methods",[167,42368,42369],{},"Modules",[167,42371,42372],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42374,42375],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42377,42378,42379,42385],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[221,42380,42382],{"href":42381},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42383,42384],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[52,42387,42389],{"className":54,"code":42388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\n",[15,42390,42391],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42392,42393,42395,42397,42399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42394,32181],{"class":89},[61,42396,94],{"class":93},[61,42398,11191],{"class":89},[61,42400,258],{"class":93},[20,42402,42403],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[47,42405,233],{"id":232},[20,42407,42408],{},"The main form is:",[52,42410,42412],{"className":54,"code":42411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(object)\n",[15,42413,42414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42415,42416,42418,42420,42422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42417,32181],{"class":89},[61,42419,94],{"class":93},[61,42421,250],{"class":109},[61,42423,258],{"class":93},[20,42425,42426],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42428,42429],{},"Common examples include:",[164,42431,42432,42436,42441,42445],{},[167,42433,42434],{},[15,42435,11191],{},[167,42437,42438],{},[15,42439,42440],{},"list.append",[167,42442,42443],{},[15,42444,185],{},[167,42446,42447],{},[15,42448,42449],{},"open",[20,42451,7209,42452,7212],{},[15,42453,35052],{},[52,42455,42457],{"className":54,"code":42456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help()\n",[15,42458,42459],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42460,42461,42463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42462,32181],{"class":89},[61,42464,8676],{"class":93},[20,42466,42467],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[47,42469,42471],{"id":42470},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[260,42473,42475],{"id":42474},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42477,42478,42479,186,42481,186,42483,196,42486,229],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42480,11191],{},[15,42482,90],{},[15,42484,42485],{},"input",[221,42487,42488],{"href":752},[15,42489,44],{},[52,42491,42493],{"className":54,"code":42492,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42494,42495,42505,42515],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42496,42497,42499,42501,42503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42498,32181],{"class":89},[61,42500,94],{"class":93},[61,42502,90],{"class":89},[61,42504,258],{"class":93},[61,42506,42507,42509,42511,42513],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,42508,32181],{"class":89},[61,42510,94],{"class":93},[61,42512,42485],{"class":89},[61,42514,258],{"class":93},[61,42516,42517,42519,42521,42523],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,42518,32181],{"class":89},[61,42520,94],{"class":93},[61,42522,657],{"class":109},[61,42524,258],{"class":93},[260,42526,42528],{"id":42527},"data-types","Data types",[20,42530,42531,42532,186,42534,186,42536,196,42538,229],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42533,185],{},[15,42535,192],{},[15,42537,199],{},[15,42539,6326],{},[52,42541,42543],{"className":54,"code":42542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42544,42545,42555,42565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42546,42547,42549,42551,42553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42548,32181],{"class":89},[61,42550,94],{"class":93},[61,42552,185],{"class":109},[61,42554,258],{"class":93},[61,42556,42557,42559,42561,42563],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,42558,32181],{"class":89},[61,42560,94],{"class":93},[61,42562,192],{"class":109},[61,42564,258],{"class":93},[61,42566,42567,42569,42571,42573],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,42568,32181],{"class":89},[61,42570,94],{"class":93},[61,42572,199],{"class":109},[61,42574,258],{"class":93},[20,42576,42577],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[260,42579,42366],{"id":34536},[20,42581,42582,42583,749,42586,229],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42584,42585],{},"str.split",[15,42587,42440],{},[52,42589,42591],{"className":54,"code":42590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42592,42593,42607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42594,42595,42597,42599,42601,42603,42605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42596,32181],{"class":89},[61,42598,94],{"class":93},[61,42600,185],{"class":109},[61,42602,229],{"class":93},[61,42604,34499],{"class":24778},[61,42606,258],{"class":93},[61,42608,42609,42611,42613,42615,42617,42619],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,42610,32181],{"class":89},[61,42612,94],{"class":93},[61,42614,192],{"class":109},[61,42616,229],{"class":93},[61,42618,13580],{"class":24778},[61,42620,258],{"class":93},[20,42622,42623,42624,8738,42626,28340,42631,42633,42634,42636],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42625,35052],{},[221,42627,42629],{"href":42628},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42630,34341],{},[15,42632,34341],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42635,35052],{}," explains one of them.",[260,42638,42369],{"id":34689},[20,42640,42641,42642,186,42644,196,42646,229],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42643,18444],{},[15,42645,35215],{},[15,42647,42648],{},"os",[52,42650,42652],{"className":54,"code":42651,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42653,42654,42660],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42655,42656,42658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42657,35116],{"class":672},[61,42659,35119],{"class":67},[61,42661,42662,42664,42666,42668],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,42663,32181],{"class":89},[61,42665,94],{"class":93},[61,42667,18444],{"class":102},[61,42669,258],{"class":93},[20,42671,42672,42673,42677,42678,229],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[221,42674,42676],{"href":42675},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[221,42679,35182],{"href":42680},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[47,42682,34943],{"id":34942},[20,42684,42685,42687],{},[15,42686,35052],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42689,42690],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[164,42692,42693,42696,42699,42702],{},[167,42694,42695],{},"The function signature",[167,42697,42698],{},"The short description",[167,42700,42701],{},"Parameter names",[167,42703,42704],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42706,5509],{},[52,42708,42710],{"className":54,"code":42709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42711,42712],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42713,42714,42716,42718,42720,42722,42724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42715,32181],{"class":89},[61,42717,94],{"class":93},[61,42719,185],{"class":109},[61,42721,229],{"class":93},[61,42723,34499],{"class":24778},[61,42725,258],{"class":93},[20,42727,42728],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[164,42730,42731,42734,42737,42739],{},[167,42732,42733],{},"What object this is",[167,42735,42736],{},"What arguments it accepts",[167,42738,21998],{},[167,42740,42741],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42743,42744],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[47,42746,42748],{"id":42747},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42750,42751,29901],{},[15,42752,35052],{},[164,42754,42755,42758,42761,42764],{},[167,42756,42757],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[167,42759,42760],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[167,42762,42763],{},"You are exploring a new module",[167,42765,42766],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42768,42769],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[52,42771,42772],{"className":54,"code":42709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,42773,42774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42775,42776,42778,42780,42782,42784,42786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42777,32181],{"class":89},[61,42779,94],{"class":93},[61,42781,185],{"class":109},[61,42783,229],{"class":93},[61,42785,34499],{"class":24778},[61,42787,258],{"class":93},[20,42789,42790],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[52,42792,42794],{"className":54,"code":42793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(open)\n",[15,42795,42796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42797,42798,42800,42802,42804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42799,32181],{"class":89},[61,42801,94],{"class":93},[61,42803,42449],{"class":89},[61,42805,258],{"class":93},[47,42807,42809],{"id":42808},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42811,42812,42814],{},[15,42813,35052],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[164,42816,42817,42820,42823,42826],{},[167,42818,42819],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[167,42821,42822],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[167,42824,42825],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[167,42827,42828],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42830,42831,42832,42834],{},"So, ",[15,42833,35052],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42836,5509],{},[52,42838,42840],{"className":54,"code":42839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42841,42842,42855,42879,42883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42843,42844,42846,42848,42850,42853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42845,450],{"class":67},[61,42847,72],{"class":71},[61,42849,311],{"class":310},[61,42851,42852],{"class":314},"a,b,c",[61,42854,318],{"class":310},[61,42856,42857,42860,42862,42865,42867,42869,42871,42873,42875,42877],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,42858,42859],{"class":67},"parts ",[61,42861,72],{"class":71},[61,42863,42864],{"class":67}," text",[61,42866,229],{"class":93},[61,42868,34499],{"class":102},[61,42870,94],{"class":93},[61,42872,1010],{"class":310},[61,42874,106],{"class":314},[61,42876,1010],{"class":310},[61,42878,258],{"class":93},[61,42880,42881],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,42882,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,42884,42885,42887,42889,42892],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,42886,90],{"class":89},[61,42888,94],{"class":93},[61,42890,42891],{"class":102},"parts",[61,42893,258],{"class":93},[20,42895,5597],{},[52,42897,42899],{"className":54,"code":42898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42900,42901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42902,42903,42905,42907,42909,42911,42913,42915,42917,42919,42921,42923,42925,42927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42904,1356],{"class":93},[61,42906,3348],{"class":310},[61,42908,221],{"class":314},[61,42910,3348],{"class":310},[61,42912,106],{"class":93},[61,42914,3343],{"class":310},[61,42916,1101],{"class":314},[61,42918,3348],{"class":310},[61,42920,106],{"class":93},[61,42922,3343],{"class":310},[61,42924,1110],{"class":314},[61,42926,3348],{"class":310},[61,42928,1115],{"class":93},[20,42930,42931],{},"A good workflow is:",[28740,42933,42934,42939,42942,42945],{},[167,42935,143,42936,42938],{},[15,42937,35052],{}," to inspect something",[167,42940,42941],{},"Write a tiny example",[167,42943,42944],{},"Check the result",[167,42946,42947],{},"Repeat",[47,42949,42951],{"id":42950},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42953,42954,749,42956,42958],{},[15,42955,35052],{},[15,42957,34341],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[260,42960,42961],{"id":32181},[15,42962,35052],{},[20,42964,143,42965,42967],{},[15,42966,35052],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42969,42970],{},"It tells you:",[164,42972,42973,42976,42979],{},[167,42974,42975],{},"What something is",[167,42977,42978],{},"How to use it",[167,42980,42981],{},"What parameters it accepts",[260,42983,42984],{"id":34402},[15,42985,34341],{},[20,42987,143,42988,42990],{},[15,42989,34341],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[52,42992,42994],{"className":54,"code":42993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dir(str)\n",[15,42995,42996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42997,42998,43000,43002,43004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42999,34402],{"class":89},[61,43001,94],{"class":93},[61,43003,185],{"class":109},[61,43005,258],{"class":93},[20,43007,43008,43009,186,43011,196,43013,229],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43010,34499],{},[15,43012,8667],{},[15,43014,8673],{},[20,43016,43017,43018,1314],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43019,35052],{},[52,43021,43023],{"className":54,"code":43022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43024,43025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43026,43027,43029,43031,43033,43035,43037],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43028,32181],{"class":89},[61,43030,94],{"class":93},[61,43032,185],{"class":109},[61,43034,229],{"class":93},[61,43036,8673],{"class":24778},[61,43038,258],{"class":93},[20,43040,43041],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[164,43043,43044,43049],{},[167,43045,143,43046,43048],{},[15,43047,34341],{}," to discover options",[167,43050,143,43051,43053],{},[15,43052,35052],{}," to understand one option",[47,43055,2878],{"id":2877},[20,43057,43058,43059,229],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43060,35052],{},[260,43062,8449,43064,43067,43068],{"id":43063},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43065,43066],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43069,43070],{},"help(len)",[20,43072,43073],{},"These are not always the same.",[52,43075,43077],{"className":54,"code":43076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43078,43079,43089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43080,43081,43083,43085,43087],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43082,32181],{"class":89},[61,43084,94],{"class":93},[61,43086,11191],{"class":89},[61,43088,258],{"class":93},[61,43090,43091,43093,43095,43097,43099,43101],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,43092,32181],{"class":89},[61,43094,94],{"class":93},[61,43096,3348],{"class":310},[61,43098,11191],{"class":314},[61,43100,3348],{"class":310},[61,43102,258],{"class":93},[20,43104,43105,43107],{},[15,43106,43070],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43109,43110,43112,43113,43116],{},[15,43111,43066],{}," treats ",[15,43114,43115],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[260,43118,43120],{"id":43119},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43122,43123,43125],{},[15,43124,35052],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43127,43128],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[260,43130,43132],{"id":43131},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43134,40369,43135,43137],{},[15,43136,35052],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43139,295],{},[52,43141,43143],{"className":54,"code":43142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43144,43145,43155],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43146,43147,43149,43151,43153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43148,32181],{"class":89},[61,43150,94],{"class":93},[61,43152,11191],{"class":89},[61,43154,258],{"class":93},[61,43156,43157,43159,43161,43163,43166,43168],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,43158,90],{"class":89},[61,43160,94],{"class":93},[61,43162,1010],{"class":310},[61,43164,43165],{"class":314},"Done",[61,43167,1010],{"class":310},[61,43169,258],{"class":93},[20,43171,43172],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[260,43174,37232,43176,8738,43178],{"id":43175},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43177,35052],{},[15,43179,34341],{},[20,43181,43182,43183,229],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43184,34341],{},[20,43186,43187,43188,229],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43189,35052],{},[47,43191,43193],{"id":43192},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43195,43196],{},"Open Python:",[52,43198,43199],{"className":54,"code":35568,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,43200,43201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43202,43203],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43204,35568],{"class":67},[20,43206,43207],{},"Then test these commands:",[52,43209,43211],{"className":54,"code":43210,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43212,43213,43223,43237,43251,43261,43276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43214,43215,43217,43219,43221],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43216,32181],{"class":89},[61,43218,94],{"class":93},[61,43220,11191],{"class":89},[61,43222,258],{"class":93},[61,43224,43225,43227,43229,43231,43233,43235],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,43226,32181],{"class":89},[61,43228,94],{"class":93},[61,43230,185],{"class":109},[61,43232,229],{"class":93},[61,43234,34499],{"class":24778},[61,43236,258],{"class":93},[61,43238,43239,43241,43243,43245,43247,43249],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,43240,32181],{"class":89},[61,43242,94],{"class":93},[61,43244,192],{"class":109},[61,43246,229],{"class":93},[61,43248,13580],{"class":24778},[61,43250,258],{"class":93},[61,43252,43253,43255,43257,43259],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,43254,32181],{"class":89},[61,43256,94],{"class":93},[61,43258,42449],{"class":89},[61,43260,258],{"class":93},[61,43262,43263,43265,43267,43269,43272,43274],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,43264,32181],{"class":89},[61,43266,94],{"class":93},[61,43268,3348],{"class":310},[61,43270,43271],{"class":314},"keywords",[61,43273,3348],{"class":310},[61,43275,258],{"class":93},[61,43277,43278,43280,43282,43284],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,43279,34402],{"class":89},[61,43281,94],{"class":93},[61,43283,185],{"class":109},[61,43285,258],{"class":93},[20,43287,43288],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[164,43290,43291,43294,43297,43300,43303,43306],{},[167,43292,43293],{},"A built-in function",[167,43295,43296],{},"A string method",[167,43298,43299],{},"A list method",[167,43301,43302],{},"A built-in file function",[167,43304,43305],{},"A special help topic",[167,43307,15216,43308,43310],{},[15,43309,34341],{}," example for comparison",[47,43312,1879],{"id":1878},[260,43314,43316],{"id":43315},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43318,43319],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[260,43321,43323],{"id":43322},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43325,43326,43327,43329],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43328,35052],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[52,43331,43333],{"className":54,"code":43332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43334,43335,43347,43360,43379,43383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43336,43337,43339,43341,43343,43345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43338,883],{"class":882},[61,43340,34881],{"class":886},[61,43342,94],{"class":93},[61,43344,335],{"class":892},[61,43346,900],{"class":93},[61,43348,43349,43353,43357],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,43350,43352],{"class":43351},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[61,43354,43356],{"class":43355},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[61,43358,43359],{"class":43351},"\"\"\"\n",[61,43361,43362,43364,43367,43370,43372,43374,43376],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,43363,981],{"class":672},[61,43365,43366],{"class":882}," f",[61,43368,43369],{"class":314},"\"Hello, ",[61,43371,9310],{"class":75},[61,43373,335],{"class":67},[61,43375,22331],{"class":75},[61,43377,43378],{"class":314},"!\"\n",[61,43380,43381],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,43382,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,43384,43385,43387,43389,43391],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,43386,32181],{"class":89},[61,43388,94],{"class":93},[61,43390,34922],{"class":102},[61,43392,258],{"class":93},[260,43394,43396],{"id":43395},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43398,43399,43401,43402,43404],{},[15,43400,43070],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43403,43066],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[260,43406,43408],{"id":43407},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43410,43411],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[47,43413,1938],{"id":1937},[164,43415,43416,43421,43425,43430,43435],{},[167,43417,43418],{},[221,43419,43420],{"href":42628},"Python dir() function explained",[167,43422,43423],{},[221,43424,8474],{"href":752},[167,43426,43427],{},[221,43428,43429],{"href":42381},"Python len() function explained",[167,43431,43432],{},[221,43433,43434],{"href":42675},"How import works in Python",[167,43436,43437],{},[221,43438,35182],{"href":42680},[20,43440,43441,43442,43444,43445,186,43447,196,43449,43451,43452,31,43455,43458],{},"Try ",[15,43443,35052],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43446,11191],{},[15,43448,90],{},[15,43450,42485],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43453,43454],{},"dir(str)",[15,43456,43457],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1969,43460,43461],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":43463},[43464,43465,43466,43467,43473,43474,43475,43476,43480,43488,43489,43495],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":42346,"depth":79,"text":42347},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":42470,"depth":79,"text":42471,"children":43468},[43469,43470,43471,43472],{"id":42474,"depth":86,"text":42475},{"id":42527,"depth":86,"text":42528},{"id":34536,"depth":86,"text":42366},{"id":34689,"depth":86,"text":42369},{"id":34942,"depth":79,"text":34943},{"id":42747,"depth":79,"text":42748},{"id":42808,"depth":79,"text":42809},{"id":42950,"depth":79,"text":42951,"children":43477},[43478,43479],{"id":32181,"depth":86,"text":35052},{"id":34402,"depth":86,"text":34341},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":43481},[43482,43484,43485,43486],{"id":43063,"depth":86,"text":43483},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43119,"depth":86,"text":43120},{"id":43131,"depth":86,"text":43132},{"id":43175,"depth":86,"text":43487},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43192,"depth":79,"text":43193},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":43490},[43491,43492,43493,43494],{"id":43315,"depth":86,"text":43316},{"id":43322,"depth":86,"text":43323},{"id":43395,"depth":86,"text":43396},{"id":43407,"depth":86,"text":43408},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42275,"description":43496},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43502,"title":43503,"body":43504,"description":44859,"extension":2017,"meta":44860,"navigation":82,"path":44861,"seo":44862,"stem":44863,"__hash__":44864},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43505,"toc":44832},[43506,43512,43517,43523,43533,43592,43602,43613,43618,43624,43626,43644,43652,43654,43656,43671,43674,43685,43687,43778,43781,43785,43790,43811,43813,43922,43924,43951,43962,43966,43969,44052,44054,44062,44068,44074,44078,44081,44191,44193,44205,44208,44222,44230,44237,44242,44256,44262,44375,44377,44438,44441,44447,44453,44456,44478,44481,44551,44554,44585,44592,44594,44597,44615,44618,44630,44636,44638,44643,44669,44672,44744,44746,44752,44755,44761,44764,44770,44780,44786,44789,44796,44799,44801,44829],[10,43507,13,43509,18],{"id":43508},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43510,43511],{},"id()",[20,43513,32346,43514,43516],{},[15,43515,43511],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43518,43519,43520,43522],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43521,43511],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43524,143,43525,43527,43528,43530,43531,229],{},[15,43526,43511],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3784,43529,4670],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43532,4728],{},[52,43534,43536],{"className":54,"code":43535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43537,43538,43550,43564,43568,43578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43539,43540,43542,43544,43546,43548],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43541,305],{"class":67},[61,43543,72],{"class":71},[61,43545,311],{"class":310},[61,43547,7331],{"class":314},[61,43549,318],{"class":310},[61,43551,43552,43554,43556,43558,43560,43562],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,43553,90],{"class":89},[61,43555,94],{"class":93},[61,43557,12676],{"class":89},[61,43559,94],{"class":93},[61,43561,335],{"class":102},[61,43563,342],{"class":93},[61,43565,43566],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,43567,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,43569,43570,43573,43575],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,43571,43572],{"class":67},"other ",[61,43574,72],{"class":71},[61,43576,43577],{"class":67}," name\n",[61,43579,43580,43582,43584,43586,43588,43590],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,43581,90],{"class":89},[61,43583,94],{"class":93},[61,43585,12676],{"class":89},[61,43587,94],{"class":93},[61,43589,30771],{"class":102},[61,43591,342],{"class":93},[20,43593,43594,43595,43598,43599,43601],{},"In this example, ",[15,43596,43597],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43600,43511],{}," values match.",[43603,43604,43605],"blockquote",{},[20,43606,143,43607,43609,43610,43612],{},[15,43608,43511],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43611,4728],{}," for value comparison.",[47,43614,151,43616,154],{"id":43615},"what-id-does",[15,43617,43511],{},[20,43619,43620,43623],{},[15,43621,43622],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43625,13078],{},[164,43627,43628,43631,43638,43641],{},[167,43629,43630],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[167,43632,43633,43634,43637],{},"It shows ",[3784,43635,43636],{},"object identity",", not object value",[167,43639,43640],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[167,43642,43643],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43645,43646,43647,43651],{},"This is closely related to how ",[221,43648,43650],{"href":43649},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[47,43653,233],{"id":232},[20,43655,5471],{},[52,43657,43659],{"className":54,"code":43658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"id(object)\n",[15,43660,43661],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43662,43663,43665,43667,43669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43664,12676],{"class":89},[61,43666,94],{"class":93},[61,43668,250],{"class":109},[61,43670,258],{"class":93},[20,43672,43673],{},"Important details:",[164,43675,43676,43679,43682],{},[167,43677,43678],{},"It takes one argument",[167,43680,43681],{},"It returns an integer",[167,43683,43684],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43686,295],{},[52,43688,43690],{"className":54,"code":43689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43691,43692,43704,43712,43732,43736,43750,43764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43693,43694,43696,43698,43700,43702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43695,450],{"class":67},[61,43697,72],{"class":71},[61,43699,311],{"class":310},[61,43701,457],{"class":314},[61,43703,318],{"class":310},[61,43705,43706,43708,43710],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,43707,2269],{"class":67},[61,43709,72],{"class":71},[61,43711,2816],{"class":75},[61,43713,43714,43716,43718,43720,43722,43724,43726,43728,43730],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,43715,7814],{"class":67},[61,43717,72],{"class":71},[61,43719,1088],{"class":93},[61,43721,3035],{"class":75},[61,43723,106],{"class":93},[61,43725,3040],{"class":75},[61,43727,106],{"class":93},[61,43729,1020],{"class":75},[61,43731,1115],{"class":93},[61,43733,43734],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,43735,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,43737,43738,43740,43742,43744,43746,43748],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,43739,90],{"class":89},[61,43741,94],{"class":93},[61,43743,12676],{"class":89},[61,43745,94],{"class":93},[61,43747,476],{"class":102},[61,43749,342],{"class":93},[61,43751,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,43753,90],{"class":89},[61,43755,94],{"class":93},[61,43757,12676],{"class":89},[61,43759,94],{"class":93},[61,43761,1271],{"class":102},[61,43763,342],{"class":93},[61,43765,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774,43776],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,43767,90],{"class":89},[61,43769,94],{"class":93},[61,43771,12676],{"class":89},[61,43773,94],{"class":93},[61,43775,7845],{"class":102},[61,43777,342],{"class":93},[20,43779,43780],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[47,43782,43784],{"id":43783},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43786,43787,43788,229],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43789,43511],{},[164,43791,43792,43799,43806],{},[167,43793,43794,43796,43797],{},[15,43795,4728],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3784,43798,103],{},[167,43800,43801,43803,43804],{},[15,43802,1199],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3784,43805,250],{},[167,43807,43808,43810],{},[15,43809,43511],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43812,295],{},[52,43814,43816],{"className":54,"code":43815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43817,43818,43838,43858,43862,43878,43894,43908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43819,43820,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43821,2602],{"class":67},[61,43823,72],{"class":71},[61,43825,1088],{"class":93},[61,43827,3035],{"class":75},[61,43829,106],{"class":93},[61,43831,3040],{"class":75},[61,43833,106],{"class":93},[61,43835,1020],{"class":75},[61,43837,1115],{"class":93},[61,43839,43840,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,43841,2630],{"class":67},[61,43843,72],{"class":71},[61,43845,1088],{"class":93},[61,43847,3035],{"class":75},[61,43849,106],{"class":93},[61,43851,3040],{"class":75},[61,43853,106],{"class":93},[61,43855,1020],{"class":75},[61,43857,1115],{"class":93},[61,43859,43860],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,43861,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,43863,43864,43866,43868,43870,43872,43874,43876],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,43865,90],{"class":89},[61,43867,94],{"class":93},[61,43869,2602],{"class":102},[61,43871,4728],{"class":71},[61,43873,2607],{"class":102},[61,43875,664],{"class":93},[61,43877,117],{"class":116},[61,43879,43880,43882,43884,43886,43888,43890,43892],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,43881,90],{"class":89},[61,43883,94],{"class":93},[61,43885,2602],{"class":102},[61,43887,1199],{"class":672},[61,43889,2607],{"class":102},[61,43891,664],{"class":93},[61,43893,140],{"class":116},[61,43895,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904,43906],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,43897,90],{"class":89},[61,43899,94],{"class":93},[61,43901,12676],{"class":89},[61,43903,94],{"class":93},[61,43905,221],{"class":102},[61,43907,342],{"class":93},[61,43909,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918,43920],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,43911,90],{"class":89},[61,43913,94],{"class":93},[61,43915,12676],{"class":89},[61,43917,94],{"class":93},[61,43919,1101],{"class":102},[61,43921,342],{"class":93},[20,43923,2233],{},[164,43925,43926,43934,43942],{},[167,43927,43928,4823,43931,43933],{},[15,43929,43930],{},"a == b",[15,43932,30],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[167,43935,43936,4823,43939,43941],{},[15,43937,43938],{},"a is b",[15,43940,34],{}," because they are different list objects",[167,43943,43944,749,43947,43950],{},[15,43945,43946],{},"id(a)",[15,43948,43949],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43952,43953,43954,749,43958,229],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[221,43955,43957],{"href":43956},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[221,43959,43961],{"href":43960},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[47,43963,43965],{"id":43964},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43967,43968],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[52,43970,43972],{"className":54,"code":43971,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43973,43974,43994,44004,44008,44022,44037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43975,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43977,3661],{"class":67},[61,43979,72],{"class":71},[61,43981,1088],{"class":93},[61,43983,2379],{"class":75},[61,43985,106],{"class":93},[61,43987,7825],{"class":75},[61,43989,106],{"class":93},[61,43991,7830],{"class":75},[61,43993,1115],{"class":93},[61,43995,43996,43999,44001],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,43997,43998],{"class":67},"other_numbers ",[61,44000,72],{"class":71},[61,44002,44003],{"class":67}," numbers\n",[61,44005,44006],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,44007,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,44009,44010,44012,44014,44016,44018,44020],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,44011,90],{"class":89},[61,44013,94],{"class":93},[61,44015,12676],{"class":89},[61,44017,94],{"class":93},[61,44019,3691],{"class":102},[61,44021,342],{"class":93},[61,44023,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44035],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,44025,90],{"class":89},[61,44027,94],{"class":93},[61,44029,12676],{"class":89},[61,44031,94],{"class":93},[61,44033,44034],{"class":102},"other_numbers",[61,44036,342],{"class":93},[61,44038,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44050],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,44040,90],{"class":89},[61,44042,94],{"class":93},[61,44044,3661],{"class":102},[61,44046,1199],{"class":672},[61,44048,44049],{"class":102}," other_numbers",[61,44051,258],{"class":93},[20,44053,5597],{},[52,44055,44056],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,44057,44058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44059,44060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44061,348],{"class":355},[20,44063,44064,44065,44067],{},"The two ",[15,44066,43511],{}," values will also match.",[20,44069,22217,44070,44073],{},[15,44071,44072],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[47,44075,44077],{"id":44076},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44079,44080],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[52,44082,44084],{"className":54,"code":44083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44085,44086,44107,44128,44132,44147,44161,44176],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44087,44088,44091,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44089,44090],{"class":67},"list_a ",[61,44092,72],{"class":71},[61,44094,1088],{"class":93},[61,44096,3035],{"class":75},[61,44098,106],{"class":93},[61,44100,3040],{"class":75},[61,44102,106],{"class":93},[61,44104,1020],{"class":75},[61,44106,1115],{"class":93},[61,44108,44109,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122,44124,44126],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44110,44111],{"class":67},"list_b ",[61,44113,72],{"class":71},[61,44115,1088],{"class":93},[61,44117,3035],{"class":75},[61,44119,106],{"class":93},[61,44121,3040],{"class":75},[61,44123,106],{"class":93},[61,44125,1020],{"class":75},[61,44127,1115],{"class":93},[61,44129,44130],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,44131,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,44133,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142,44145],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,44135,90],{"class":89},[61,44137,94],{"class":93},[61,44139,44090],{"class":102},[61,44141,4728],{"class":71},[61,44143,44144],{"class":102}," list_b",[61,44146,258],{"class":93},[61,44148,44149,44151,44153,44155,44157,44159],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,44150,90],{"class":89},[61,44152,94],{"class":93},[61,44154,44090],{"class":102},[61,44156,1199],{"class":672},[61,44158,44144],{"class":102},[61,44160,258],{"class":93},[61,44162,44163,44165,44167,44169,44171,44174],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,44164,90],{"class":89},[61,44166,94],{"class":93},[61,44168,12676],{"class":89},[61,44170,94],{"class":93},[61,44172,44173],{"class":102},"list_a",[61,44175,342],{"class":93},[61,44177,44178,44180,44182,44184,44186,44189],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,44179,90],{"class":89},[61,44181,94],{"class":93},[61,44183,12676],{"class":89},[61,44185,94],{"class":93},[61,44187,44188],{"class":102},"list_b",[61,44190,342],{"class":93},[20,44192,5597],{},[52,44194,44195],{"className":54,"code":425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,44196,44197,44201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44198,44199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44200,348],{"class":355},[61,44202,44203],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44204,436],{"class":355},[20,44206,44207],{},"What this means:",[164,44209,44210,44213,44216],{},[167,44211,44212],{},"The lists are equal in value",[167,44214,44215],{},"They are not the same object",[167,44217,44218,44219,44221],{},"Their ",[15,44220,43511],{}," values are usually different",[20,44223,44224,44225,44227,44228,229],{},"This is why ",[15,44226,43511],{}," should not replace ",[15,44229,4728],{},[47,44231,44233,44234,44236],{"id":44232},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44235,43511],{}," is useful",[20,44238,44239,44241],{},[15,44240,43511],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[164,44243,44244,44247,44250,44253],{},[167,44245,44246],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[167,44248,44249],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[167,44251,44252],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[167,44254,44255],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44257,44258,44259,44261],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44260,43511],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[52,44263,44265],{"className":54,"code":44264,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44266,44267,44291,44300,44304,44323,44327,44337,44347,44361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44268,44269,44271,44273,44275,44277,44279,44281,44283,44285,44287,44289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44270,12113],{"class":67},[61,44272,72],{"class":71},[61,44274,1088],{"class":93},[61,44276,1010],{"class":310},[61,44278,221],{"class":314},[61,44280,1010],{"class":310},[61,44282,106],{"class":93},[61,44284,311],{"class":310},[61,44286,1101],{"class":314},[61,44288,1010],{"class":310},[61,44290,1115],{"class":93},[61,44292,44293,44296,44298],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44294,44295],{"class":67},"copy_ref ",[61,44297,72],{"class":71},[61,44299,12151],{"class":67},[61,44301,44302],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,44303,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,44305,44306,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319,44321],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,44307,44308],{"class":67},"copy_ref",[61,44310,229],{"class":93},[61,44312,13580],{"class":102},[61,44314,94],{"class":93},[61,44316,1010],{"class":310},[61,44318,1110],{"class":314},[61,44320,1010],{"class":310},[61,44322,258],{"class":93},[61,44324,44325],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,44326,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,44328,44329,44331,44333,44335],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,44330,90],{"class":89},[61,44332,94],{"class":93},[61,44334,12160],{"class":102},[61,44336,258],{"class":93},[61,44338,44339,44341,44343,44345],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,44340,90],{"class":89},[61,44342,94],{"class":93},[61,44344,44308],{"class":102},[61,44346,258],{"class":93},[61,44348,44349,44351,44353,44355,44357,44359],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,44350,90],{"class":89},[61,44352,94],{"class":93},[61,44354,12676],{"class":89},[61,44356,94],{"class":93},[61,44358,12160],{"class":102},[61,44360,342],{"class":93},[61,44362,44363,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,44364,90],{"class":89},[61,44366,94],{"class":93},[61,44368,12676],{"class":89},[61,44370,94],{"class":93},[61,44372,44308],{"class":102},[61,44374,342],{"class":93},[20,44376,5597],{},[52,44378,44380],{"className":54,"code":44379,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44381,44382,44410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44383,44384,44386,44388,44390,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400,44402,44404,44406,44408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44385,1356],{"class":93},[61,44387,3348],{"class":310},[61,44389,221],{"class":314},[61,44391,3348],{"class":310},[61,44393,106],{"class":93},[61,44395,3343],{"class":310},[61,44397,1101],{"class":314},[61,44399,3348],{"class":310},[61,44401,106],{"class":93},[61,44403,3343],{"class":310},[61,44405,1110],{"class":314},[61,44407,3348],{"class":310},[61,44409,1115],{"class":93},[61,44411,44412,44414,44416,44418,44420,44422,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44413,1356],{"class":93},[61,44415,3348],{"class":310},[61,44417,221],{"class":314},[61,44419,3348],{"class":310},[61,44421,106],{"class":93},[61,44423,3343],{"class":310},[61,44425,1101],{"class":314},[61,44427,3348],{"class":310},[61,44429,106],{"class":93},[61,44431,3343],{"class":310},[61,44433,1110],{"class":314},[61,44435,3348],{"class":310},[61,44437,1115],{"class":93},[20,44439,44440],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[47,44442,44444,44445],{"id":44443},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44446,43511],{},[20,44448,44449,44450,44452],{},"Do not use ",[15,44451,43511],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44454,44455],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[164,44457,44458,44464,44470,44473],{},[167,44459,44460,44461,44463],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44462,4728],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[167,44465,44466,44467,44469],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44468,43511],{}," values across program runs",[167,44471,44472],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[167,44474,44475,44476],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44477,43511],{},[20,44479,44480],{},"Bad example:",[52,44482,44484],{"className":54,"code":44483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44485,44486,44498,44510,44514,44536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44487,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44489,2602],{"class":67},[61,44491,72],{"class":71},[61,44493,311],{"class":310},[61,44495,37075],{"class":314},[61,44497,318],{"class":310},[61,44499,44500,44502,44504,44506,44508],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44501,2630],{"class":67},[61,44503,72],{"class":71},[61,44505,311],{"class":310},[61,44507,37075],{"class":314},[61,44509,318],{"class":310},[61,44511,44512],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,44513,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,44515,44516,44518,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530,44532,44534],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,44517,1124],{"class":672},[61,44519,14843],{"class":89},[61,44521,94],{"class":93},[61,44523,221],{"class":102},[61,44525,664],{"class":93},[61,44527,667],{"class":71},[61,44529,14843],{"class":89},[61,44531,94],{"class":93},[61,44533,1101],{"class":102},[61,44535,900],{"class":93},[61,44537,44538,44540,44542,44544,44547,44549],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,44539,1141],{"class":89},[61,44541,94],{"class":93},[61,44543,1010],{"class":310},[61,44545,44546],{"class":314},"The values are equal",[61,44548,1010],{"class":310},[61,44550,258],{"class":93},[20,44552,44553],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[52,44555,44557],{"className":54,"code":44556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44558,44559,44571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44560,44561,44563,44565,44567,44569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44562,1124],{"class":672},[61,44564,1202],{"class":67},[61,44566,4728],{"class":71},[61,44568,2607],{"class":67},[61,44570,6433],{"class":93},[61,44572,44573,44575,44577,44579,44581,44583],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44574,1141],{"class":89},[61,44576,94],{"class":93},[61,44578,1010],{"class":310},[61,44580,44546],{"class":314},[61,44582,1010],{"class":310},[61,44584,258],{"class":93},[20,44586,143,44587,31,44589,44591],{},[15,44588,1199],{},[15,44590,43511],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[47,44593,20828],{"id":20827},[20,44595,44596],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[164,44598,44599,44602,44605,44610],{},[167,44600,44601],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[167,44603,44604],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[167,44606,44607,44608],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44609,43511],{},[167,44611,44612,44613],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44614,43511],{},[20,44616,44617],{},"The important rule is:",[164,44619,44620,44625],{},[167,44621,143,44622,44624],{},[15,44623,4728],{}," to check value",[167,44626,143,44627,44629],{},[15,44628,1199],{}," to check identity",[20,44631,44632,44633,44635],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44634,43511],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[47,44637,2878],{"id":2877},[20,44639,44640,44641,1314],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44642,43511],{},[164,44644,44645,44653,44656,44659,44664],{},[167,44646,8449,44647,44649,44650,44652],{},[15,44648,43511],{}," when ",[15,44651,4728],{}," should be used",[167,44654,44655],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[167,44657,44658],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[167,44660,44661,44662],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44663,43511],{},[167,44665,8449,44666,44668],{},[15,44667,43511],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44670,44671],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[52,44673,44675],{"className":54,"code":44674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44676,44677,44692,44706,44720,44734],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44678,44679,44681,44683,44685,44687,44690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44680,90],{"class":89},[61,44682,94],{"class":93},[61,44684,12676],{"class":89},[61,44686,94],{"class":93},[61,44688,44689],{"class":102},"my_object",[61,44691,342],{"class":93},[61,44693,44694,44696,44698,44700,44702,44704],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44695,90],{"class":89},[61,44697,94],{"class":93},[61,44699,2602],{"class":102},[61,44701,4728],{"class":71},[61,44703,2607],{"class":102},[61,44705,258],{"class":93},[61,44707,44708,44710,44712,44714,44716,44718],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,44709,90],{"class":89},[61,44711,94],{"class":93},[61,44713,2602],{"class":102},[61,44715,1199],{"class":672},[61,44717,2607],{"class":102},[61,44719,258],{"class":93},[61,44721,44722,44724,44726,44728,44730,44732],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,44723,90],{"class":89},[61,44725,94],{"class":93},[61,44727,657],{"class":109},[61,44729,94],{"class":93},[61,44731,44689],{"class":102},[61,44733,342],{"class":93},[61,44735,44736,44738,44740,44742],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,44737,32181],{"class":89},[61,44739,94],{"class":93},[61,44741,12676],{"class":89},[61,44743,258],{"class":93},[47,44745,1879],{"id":1878},[260,44747,44749,44750,12742],{"id":44748},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44751,43511],{},[20,44753,44754],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[260,44756,14930,44758,44760],{"id":44757},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44759,43511],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44762,44763],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[260,44765,21448,44767,44769],{"id":44766},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44768,43511],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44771,30298,44772,44774,44775,31,44777,44779],{},[15,44773,4728],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44776,43511],{},[15,44778,1199],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[260,44781,44783,44784,1916],{"id":44782},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44785,43511],{},[20,44787,44788],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[260,44790,44792,44793,44795],{"id":44791},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44794,43511],{}," values?",[20,44797,44798],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[47,44800,1938],{"id":1937},[164,44802,44803,44808,44813,44817,44823],{},[167,44804,44805],{},[221,44806,44807],{"href":43649},"Python variables explained for beginners",[167,44809,44810],{},[221,44811,44812],{"href":43956},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[167,44814,44815],{},[221,44816,224],{"href":43960},[167,44818,44819],{},[221,44820,13,44821,1947],{"href":2019},[15,44822,17],{},[167,44824,44825],{},[221,44826,44828],{"href":44827},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1969,44830,44831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":44833},[44834,44836,44837,44838,44839,44840,44842,44844,44845,44846,44858],{"id":43615,"depth":79,"text":44835},"What id() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":43783,"depth":79,"text":43784},{"id":43964,"depth":79,"text":43965},{"id":44076,"depth":79,"text":44077},{"id":44232,"depth":79,"text":44841},"When id() is useful",{"id":44443,"depth":79,"text":44843},"When not to use id()",{"id":20827,"depth":79,"text":20828},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":44847},[44848,44850,44852,44854,44856],{"id":44748,"depth":86,"text":44849},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44757,"depth":86,"text":44851},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44766,"depth":86,"text":44853},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44782,"depth":86,"text":44855},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44791,"depth":86,"text":44857},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43503,"description":44859},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44866,"title":42217,"body":44867,"description":46505,"extension":2017,"meta":46506,"navigation":82,"path":46507,"seo":46508,"stem":46509,"__hash__":46510},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44868,"toc":46471},[44869,44874,44879,44882,44884,44927,44932,44935,44940,44945,44948,44964,44966,45010,45012,45039,45041,45056,45058,45060,45062,45078,45080,45092,45095,45129,45132,45157,45162,45164,45169,45173,45176,45178,45226,45228,45260,45266,45277,45279,45330,45332,45363,45365,45369,45373,45416,45422,45428,45480,45488,45493,45497,45588,45590,45623,45626,45628,45688,45690,45716,45726,45728,45732,45737,45742,45744,45781,45783,45802,45805,45809,45812,45868,45880,45889,45891,45918,45926,45933,45937,45940,45977,45980,45986,46023,46025,46029,46035,46053,46058,46106,46110,46199,46202,46209,46211,46213,46218,46236,46238,46281,46287,46304,46306,46368,46370,46372,46378,46386,46392,46398,46407,46417,46421,46429,46431,46433,46468],[10,44870,13,44872,18],{"id":44871},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44873,3005],{},[20,44875,2034,44876,44878],{},[15,44877,3005],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44880,44881],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[47,44883,2059],{"id":2058},[52,44885,44887],{"className":54,"code":44886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44888,44889,44908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44890,44891,44893,44895,44897,44899,44901,44904,44906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44892,305],{"class":67},[61,44894,72],{"class":71},[61,44896,8275],{"class":89},[61,44898,94],{"class":93},[61,44900,1010],{"class":310},[61,44902,44903],{"class":314},"Enter your name: ",[61,44905,1010],{"class":310},[61,44907,258],{"class":93},[61,44909,44910,44912,44914,44916,44919,44921,44923,44925],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44911,90],{"class":89},[61,44913,94],{"class":93},[61,44915,1010],{"class":310},[61,44917,44918],{"class":314},"Hello, ",[61,44920,1010],{"class":310},[61,44922,2502],{"class":71},[61,44924,36018],{"class":102},[61,44926,258],{"class":93},[20,44928,143,44929,44931],{},[15,44930,3005],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44933,44934],"hr",{},[47,44936,151,44938,154],{"id":44937},"what-input-does",[15,44939,3005],{},[20,44941,44942,44944],{},[15,44943,3005],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44946,44947],{},"Here is what happens:",[164,44949,44950,44955,44958,44961],{},[167,44951,44952,44954],{},[15,44953,3005],{}," waits for the user to type",[167,44956,44957],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[167,44959,44960],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[167,44962,44963],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44965,295],{},[52,44967,44969],{"className":54,"code":44968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44970,44971,44991],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44972,44973,44976,44978,44980,44982,44984,44987,44989],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44974,44975],{"class":67},"color ",[61,44977,72],{"class":71},[61,44979,8275],{"class":89},[61,44981,94],{"class":93},[61,44983,1010],{"class":310},[61,44985,44986],{"class":314},"What is your favorite color? ",[61,44988,1010],{"class":310},[61,44990,258],{"class":93},[61,44992,44993,44995,44997,44999,45002,45004,45006,45008],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,44994,90],{"class":89},[61,44996,94],{"class":93},[61,44998,1010],{"class":310},[61,45000,45001],{"class":314},"Your favorite color is",[61,45003,1010],{"class":310},[61,45005,106],{"class":93},[61,45007,35877],{"class":102},[61,45009,258],{"class":93},[20,45011,30057],{},[52,45013,45015],{"className":54,"code":45014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45016,45017,45030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45018,45019,45021,45023,45026,45028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45020,151],{"class":67},[61,45022,1199],{"class":71},[61,45024,45025],{"class":67}," your favorite color",[61,45027,1916],{"class":37395},[61,45029,35907],{"class":67},[61,45031,45032,45035,45037],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45033,45034],{"class":67},"Your favorite color ",[61,45036,1199],{"class":71},[61,45038,35907],{"class":67},[20,45040,19984],{},[164,45042,45043,45048,45053],{},[167,45044,45045,45046],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45047,44986],{},[167,45049,45050,45051],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45052,32920],{},[167,45054,45055],{},"That value is then printed",[44933,45057],{},[47,45059,233],{"id":232},[20,45061,7252],{},[52,45063,45065],{"className":54,"code":45064,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45066,45067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45068,45069,45071,45073,45076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45070,42485],{"class":89},[61,45072,94],{"class":93},[61,45074,45075],{"class":102},"prompt",[61,45077,258],{"class":93},[20,45079,11488],{},[164,45081,45082,45086,45089],{},[167,45083,2034,45084,20066],{},[15,45085,45075],{},[167,45087,45088],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[167,45090,45091],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45093,45094],{},"Example with a prompt:",[52,45096,45098],{"className":54,"code":45097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45099,45100,45119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45101,45102,45104,45106,45108,45110,45112,45115,45117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45103,7996],{"class":67},[61,45105,72],{"class":71},[61,45107,8275],{"class":89},[61,45109,94],{"class":93},[61,45111,1010],{"class":310},[61,45113,45114],{"class":314},"Enter your username: ",[61,45116,1010],{"class":310},[61,45118,258],{"class":93},[61,45120,45121,45123,45125,45127],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45122,90],{"class":89},[61,45124,94],{"class":93},[61,45126,8020],{"class":102},[61,45128,258],{"class":93},[20,45130,45131],{},"Example without a prompt:",[52,45133,45135],{"className":54,"code":45134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45136,45137,45147],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45138,45139,45141,45143,45145],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45140,68],{"class":67},[61,45142,72],{"class":71},[61,45144,8275],{"class":89},[61,45146,8676],{"class":93},[61,45148,45149,45151,45153,45155],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45150,90],{"class":89},[61,45152,94],{"class":93},[61,45154,103],{"class":102},[61,45156,258],{"class":93},[20,45158,7797,45159,45161],{},[15,45160,3005],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44933,45163],{},[47,45165,151,45167,11732],{"id":45166},"what-input-returns",[15,45168,3005],{},[20,45170,45171,8258],{},[15,45172,3005],{},[20,45174,45175],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45177,295],{},[52,45179,45181],{"className":54,"code":45180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45182,45183,45202,45212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45184,45185,45187,45189,45191,45193,45195,45198,45200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45186,21656],{"class":67},[61,45188,72],{"class":71},[61,45190,8275],{"class":89},[61,45192,94],{"class":93},[61,45194,1010],{"class":310},[61,45196,45197],{"class":314},"Enter your age: ",[61,45199,1010],{"class":310},[61,45201,258],{"class":93},[61,45203,45204,45206,45208,45210],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45205,90],{"class":89},[61,45207,94],{"class":93},[61,45209,9331],{"class":102},[61,45211,258],{"class":93},[61,45213,45214,45216,45218,45220,45222,45224],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45215,90],{"class":89},[61,45217,94],{"class":93},[61,45219,657],{"class":109},[61,45221,94],{"class":93},[61,45223,9331],{"class":102},[61,45225,342],{"class":93},[20,45227,30057],{},[52,45229,45231],{"className":54,"code":45230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45232,45233,45242,45246],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45234,45235,45238,45240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45236,45237],{"class":67},"Enter your age",[61,45239,1314],{"class":93},[61,45241,380],{"class":75},[61,45243,45244],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45245,2756],{"class":75},[61,45247,45248,45250,45252,45254,45256,45258],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45249,3337],{"class":71},[61,45251,3340],{"class":882},[61,45253,3343],{"class":310},[61,45255,185],{"class":314},[61,45257,3348],{"class":310},[61,45259,3351],{"class":71},[20,45261,45262,45263,45265],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45264,9226],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45267,45268,45269,31,45273,229],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[221,45270,45271],{"href":2923},[15,45272,2926],{},[221,45274,45275],{"href":2929},[15,45276,2932],{},[20,45278,295],{},[52,45280,45282],{"className":54,"code":45281,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45283,45284,45306,45316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45285,45286,45288,45290,45292,45294,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45287,21656],{"class":67},[61,45289,72],{"class":71},[61,45291,110],{"class":109},[61,45293,94],{"class":93},[61,45295,42485],{"class":89},[61,45297,94],{"class":93},[61,45299,1010],{"class":310},[61,45301,45197],{"class":314},[61,45303,1010],{"class":310},[61,45305,342],{"class":93},[61,45307,45308,45310,45312,45314],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45309,90],{"class":89},[61,45311,94],{"class":93},[61,45313,9331],{"class":102},[61,45315,258],{"class":93},[61,45317,45318,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45319,90],{"class":89},[61,45321,94],{"class":93},[61,45323,657],{"class":109},[61,45325,94],{"class":93},[61,45327,9331],{"class":102},[61,45329,342],{"class":93},[20,45331,30057],{},[52,45333,45335],{"className":54,"code":45334,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45336,45337,45345,45349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45338,45339,45341,45343],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45340,45237],{"class":67},[61,45342,1314],{"class":93},[61,45344,380],{"class":75},[61,45346,45347],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45348,2756],{"class":75},[61,45350,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359,45361],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45352,3337],{"class":71},[61,45354,3340],{"class":882},[61,45356,3343],{"class":310},[61,45358,189],{"class":314},[61,45360,3348],{"class":310},[61,45362,3351],{"class":71},[44933,45364],{},[47,45366,45368],{"id":45367},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[260,45370,45372],{"id":45371},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[52,45374,45376],{"className":54,"code":45375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45377,45378,45397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45379,45380,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390,45393,45395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45381,305],{"class":67},[61,45383,72],{"class":71},[61,45385,8275],{"class":89},[61,45387,94],{"class":93},[61,45389,1010],{"class":310},[61,45391,45392],{"class":314},"What is your name? ",[61,45394,1010],{"class":310},[61,45396,258],{"class":93},[61,45398,45399,45401,45403,45405,45408,45410,45412,45414],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45400,90],{"class":89},[61,45402,94],{"class":93},[61,45404,1010],{"class":310},[61,45406,45407],{"class":314},"Hello,",[61,45409,1010],{"class":310},[61,45411,106],{"class":93},[61,45413,36018],{"class":102},[61,45415,258],{"class":93},[20,45417,45418,45419,45421],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45420,335],{}," and prints it.",[260,45423,45425,45426],{"id":45424},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45427,2926],{},[52,45429,45431],{"className":54,"code":45430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45432,45433,45456],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45434,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443,45445,45447,45449,45452,45454],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45436,21656],{"class":67},[61,45438,72],{"class":71},[61,45440,110],{"class":109},[61,45442,94],{"class":93},[61,45444,42485],{"class":89},[61,45446,94],{"class":93},[61,45448,1010],{"class":310},[61,45450,45451],{"class":314},"How old are you? ",[61,45453,1010],{"class":310},[61,45455,342],{"class":93},[61,45457,45458,45460,45462,45464,45467,45469,45471,45474,45476,45478],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45459,90],{"class":89},[61,45461,94],{"class":93},[61,45463,1010],{"class":310},[61,45465,45466],{"class":314},"Next year you will be",[61,45468,1010],{"class":310},[61,45470,106],{"class":93},[61,45472,45473],{"class":102}," age ",[61,45475,2116],{"class":71},[61,45477,5535],{"class":75},[61,45479,258],{"class":93},[20,45481,6099,45482,45484,45485,45487],{},[15,45483,2926],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45486,3005],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45489,45490,45491,229],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[221,45492,9014],{"href":9013},[260,45494,45496],{"id":45495},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[52,45498,45500],{"className":54,"code":45499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45501,45502,45526,45550,45564,45568],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45503,45504,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515,45517,45519,45522,45524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45505,45506],{"class":67},"num1 ",[61,45508,72],{"class":71},[61,45510,110],{"class":109},[61,45512,94],{"class":93},[61,45514,42485],{"class":89},[61,45516,94],{"class":93},[61,45518,1010],{"class":310},[61,45520,45521],{"class":314},"Enter the first number: ",[61,45523,1010],{"class":310},[61,45525,342],{"class":93},[61,45527,45528,45531,45533,45535,45537,45539,45541,45543,45546,45548],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45529,45530],{"class":67},"num2 ",[61,45532,72],{"class":71},[61,45534,110],{"class":109},[61,45536,94],{"class":93},[61,45538,42485],{"class":89},[61,45540,94],{"class":93},[61,45542,1010],{"class":310},[61,45544,45545],{"class":314},"Enter the second number: ",[61,45547,1010],{"class":310},[61,45549,342],{"class":93},[61,45551,45552,45554,45556,45559,45561],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45553,41208],{"class":67},[61,45555,72],{"class":71},[61,45557,45558],{"class":67}," num1 ",[61,45560,2116],{"class":71},[61,45562,45563],{"class":67}," num2\n",[61,45565,45566],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,45567,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,45569,45570,45572,45574,45576,45579,45581,45583,45586],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,45571,90],{"class":89},[61,45573,94],{"class":93},[61,45575,1010],{"class":310},[61,45577,45578],{"class":314},"Total:",[61,45580,1010],{"class":310},[61,45582,106],{"class":93},[61,45584,45585],{"class":102}," total",[61,45587,258],{"class":93},[20,45589,30057],{},[52,45591,45593],{"className":54,"code":45592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45594,45595,45605,45614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45596,45597,45600,45602],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45598,45599],{"class":67},"Enter the first number",[61,45601,1314],{"class":93},[61,45603,45604],{"class":75}," 2\n",[61,45606,45607,45610,45612],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45608,45609],{"class":67},"Enter the second number",[61,45611,1314],{"class":93},[61,45613,2625],{"class":75},[61,45615,45616,45619,45621],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45617,45618],{"class":67},"Total",[61,45620,1314],{"class":93},[61,45622,1493],{"class":75},[20,45624,45625],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45627,295],{},[52,45629,45631],{"className":54,"code":45630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45632,45633,45651,45669,45673],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45634,45635,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45636,45506],{"class":67},[61,45638,72],{"class":71},[61,45640,8275],{"class":89},[61,45642,94],{"class":93},[61,45644,1010],{"class":310},[61,45646,45521],{"class":314},[61,45648,1010],{"class":310},[61,45650,258],{"class":93},[61,45652,45653,45655,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45654,45530],{"class":67},[61,45656,72],{"class":71},[61,45658,8275],{"class":89},[61,45660,94],{"class":93},[61,45662,1010],{"class":310},[61,45664,45545],{"class":314},[61,45666,1010],{"class":310},[61,45668,258],{"class":93},[61,45670,45671],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45672,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,45674,45675,45677,45679,45681,45683,45686],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,45676,90],{"class":89},[61,45678,94],{"class":93},[61,45680,45506],{"class":102},[61,45682,2116],{"class":71},[61,45684,45685],{"class":102}," num2",[61,45687,258],{"class":93},[20,45689,30057],{},[52,45691,45693],{"className":54,"code":45692,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45694,45695,45703,45711],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45696,45697,45699,45701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45698,45599],{"class":67},[61,45700,1314],{"class":93},[61,45702,45604],{"class":75},[61,45704,45705,45707,45709],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45706,45609],{"class":67},[61,45708,1314],{"class":93},[61,45710,2625],{"class":75},[61,45712,45713],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45714,45715],{"class":75},"23\n",[20,45717,45718,45719,45722,45723,229],{},"That happens because ",[15,45720,45721],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45724,45725],{},"\"23\"",[44933,45727],{},[47,45729,45731],{"id":45730},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45733,45734,45735,229],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45736,3005],{},[260,45738,4744,45740,41567],{"id":45739},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45741,3005],{},[20,45743,39227],{},[52,45745,45747],{"className":54,"code":45746,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45748,45749,45767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45750,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763,45765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45752,68],{"class":67},[61,45754,72],{"class":71},[61,45756,8275],{"class":89},[61,45758,94],{"class":93},[61,45760,1010],{"class":310},[61,45762,41895],{"class":314},[61,45764,1010],{"class":310},[61,45766,258],{"class":93},[61,45768,45769,45771,45773,45775,45777,45779],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45770,90],{"class":89},[61,45772,94],{"class":93},[61,45774,657],{"class":109},[61,45776,94],{"class":93},[61,45778,103],{"class":102},[61,45780,342],{"class":93},[20,45782,345],{},[52,45784,45786],{"className":54,"code":45785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45787,45788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45789,45790,45792,45794,45796,45798,45800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45791,3337],{"class":71},[61,45793,3340],{"class":882},[61,45795,3343],{"class":310},[61,45797,185],{"class":314},[61,45799,3348],{"class":310},[61,45801,3351],{"class":71},[20,45803,45804],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[260,45806,45808],{"id":45807},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45810,45811],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[52,45813,45815],{"className":54,"code":45814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45816,45817,45835,45854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45818,45819,45821,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831,45833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45820,2602],{"class":67},[61,45822,72],{"class":71},[61,45824,8275],{"class":89},[61,45826,94],{"class":93},[61,45828,1010],{"class":310},[61,45830,41895],{"class":314},[61,45832,1010],{"class":310},[61,45834,258],{"class":93},[61,45836,45837,45839,45841,45843,45845,45847,45850,45852],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45838,2630],{"class":67},[61,45840,72],{"class":71},[61,45842,8275],{"class":89},[61,45844,94],{"class":93},[61,45846,1010],{"class":310},[61,45848,45849],{"class":314},"Enter another number: ",[61,45851,1010],{"class":310},[61,45853,258],{"class":93},[61,45855,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,45857,90],{"class":89},[61,45859,94],{"class":93},[61,45861,2602],{"class":102},[61,45863,2116],{"class":71},[61,45865,2607],{"class":102},[61,45867,258],{"class":93},[20,45869,41146,45870,749,45872,45874,45875,18990,45878,229],{},[15,45871,2552],{},[15,45873,2192],{},", the result is ",[15,45876,45877],{},"45",[15,45879,2200],{},[260,45881,45883,45884,45886,45887],{"id":45882},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45885,40730],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45888,2926],{},[20,45890,295],{},[52,45892,45894],{"className":54,"code":45893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45895,45896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45897,45898,45900,45902,45904,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45899,21656],{"class":67},[61,45901,72],{"class":71},[61,45903,110],{"class":109},[61,45905,94],{"class":93},[61,45907,42485],{"class":89},[61,45909,94],{"class":93},[61,45911,1010],{"class":310},[61,45913,45197],{"class":314},[61,45915,1010],{"class":310},[61,45917,342],{"class":93},[20,45919,8304,45920,45923,45924,229],{},[15,45921,45922],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45925,40730],{},[20,45927,45928,45929,229],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[221,45930,45932],{"href":45931},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[260,45934,45936],{"id":45935},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45938,45939],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[52,45941,45943],{"className":54,"code":45942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45944,45945,45963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45946,45947,45949,45951,45953,45955,45957,45959,45961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45948,305],{"class":67},[61,45950,72],{"class":71},[61,45952,8275],{"class":89},[61,45954,94],{"class":93},[61,45956,1010],{"class":310},[61,45958,44903],{"class":314},[61,45960,1010],{"class":310},[61,45962,258],{"class":93},[61,45964,45965,45967,45969,45971,45973,45975],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,45966,90],{"class":89},[61,45968,94],{"class":93},[61,45970,1804],{"class":89},[61,45972,94],{"class":93},[61,45974,335],{"class":102},[61,45976,342],{"class":93},[20,45978,45979],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45981,45982,45983,1314],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45984,45985],{},".strip()",[52,45987,45989],{"className":54,"code":45988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45990,45991,46013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45992,45993,45995,45997,45999,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45994,305],{"class":67},[61,45996,72],{"class":71},[61,45998,8275],{"class":89},[61,46000,94],{"class":93},[61,46002,1010],{"class":310},[61,46004,44903],{"class":314},[61,46006,1010],{"class":310},[61,46008,8664],{"class":93},[61,46010,8667],{"class":102},[61,46012,8676],{"class":93},[61,46014,46015,46017,46019,46021],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46016,90],{"class":89},[61,46018,94],{"class":93},[61,46020,335],{"class":102},[61,46022,258],{"class":93},[44933,46024],{},[47,46026,46028],{"id":46027},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46030,46031,46032,46034],{},"These habits make ",[15,46033,3005],{}," easier and safer to use.",[164,46036,46037,46040,46045,46048],{},[167,46038,46039],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[167,46041,143,46042,46044],{},[15,46043,45985],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[167,46046,46047],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[167,46049,143,46050,46052],{},[15,46051,29809],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46054,46055,46056,1314],{},"Example with ",[15,46057,45985],{},[52,46059,46061],{"className":54,"code":46060,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46062,46063,46087],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46064,46065,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46079,46081,46083,46085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46066,46067],{"class":67},"city ",[61,46069,72],{"class":71},[61,46071,8275],{"class":89},[61,46073,94],{"class":93},[61,46075,1010],{"class":310},[61,46077,46078],{"class":314},"Enter your city: ",[61,46080,1010],{"class":310},[61,46082,8664],{"class":93},[61,46084,8667],{"class":102},[61,46086,8676],{"class":93},[61,46088,46089,46091,46093,46095,46098,46100,46102,46104],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46090,90],{"class":89},[61,46092,94],{"class":93},[61,46094,1010],{"class":310},[61,46096,46097],{"class":314},"City:",[61,46099,1010],{"class":310},[61,46101,106],{"class":93},[61,46103,31413],{"class":102},[61,46105,258],{"class":93},[20,46107,46055,46108,1314],{},[15,46109,29809],{},[52,46111,46113],{"className":54,"code":46112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46114,46115,46121,46144,46176,46184],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46116,46117,46119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46118,29831],{"class":672},[61,46120,6433],{"class":93},[61,46122,46123,46126,46128,46130,46132,46134,46136,46138,46140,46142],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46124,46125],{"class":67},"    age ",[61,46127,72],{"class":71},[61,46129,110],{"class":109},[61,46131,94],{"class":93},[61,46133,42485],{"class":89},[61,46135,94],{"class":93},[61,46137,1010],{"class":310},[61,46139,45197],{"class":314},[61,46141,1010],{"class":310},[61,46143,342],{"class":93},[61,46145,46146,46148,46150,46152,46155,46157,46159,46161,46163,46165,46167,46169,46172,46174],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46147,1141],{"class":89},[61,46149,94],{"class":93},[61,46151,1010],{"class":310},[61,46153,46154],{"class":314},"You will be",[61,46156,1010],{"class":310},[61,46158,106],{"class":93},[61,46160,45473],{"class":102},[61,46162,2116],{"class":71},[61,46164,5535],{"class":75},[61,46166,106],{"class":93},[61,46168,311],{"class":310},[61,46170,46171],{"class":314},"next year",[61,46173,1010],{"class":310},[61,46175,258],{"class":93},[61,46177,46178,46180,46182],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,46179,29862],{"class":672},[61,46181,41949],{"class":109},[61,46183,6433],{"class":93},[61,46185,46186,46188,46190,46192,46195,46197],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,46187,1141],{"class":89},[61,46189,94],{"class":93},[61,46191,1010],{"class":310},[61,46193,46194],{"class":314},"Please enter a whole number.",[61,46196,1010],{"class":310},[61,46198,258],{"class":93},[20,46200,46201],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46203,46204,46205,229],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[221,46206,46208],{"href":46207},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44933,46210],{},[47,46212,2878],{"id":2877},[20,46214,46215,46216,1314],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46217,3005],{},[164,46219,46220,46227,46230,46233],{},[167,46221,46222,46223,31,46225],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46224,2926],{},[15,46226,2932],{},[167,46228,46229],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[167,46231,46232],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[167,46234,46235],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46237,32111],{},[52,46239,46241],{"className":54,"code":46240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46242,46243,46253,46267],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46244,46245,46247,46249,46251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46246,90],{"class":89},[61,46248,94],{"class":93},[61,46250,103],{"class":102},[61,46252,258],{"class":93},[61,46254,46255,46257,46259,46261,46263,46265],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46256,90],{"class":89},[61,46258,94],{"class":93},[61,46260,657],{"class":109},[61,46262,94],{"class":93},[61,46264,103],{"class":102},[61,46266,342],{"class":93},[61,46268,46269,46271,46273,46275,46277,46279],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46270,90],{"class":89},[61,46272,94],{"class":93},[61,46274,1804],{"class":89},[61,46276,94],{"class":93},[61,46278,103],{"class":102},[61,46280,342],{"class":93},[20,46282,46283,46284,46286],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46285,3005],{}," actually returned:",[164,46288,46289,46294,46299],{},[167,46290,46291,46293],{},[15,46292,41851],{}," shows the value",[167,46295,46296,46298],{},[15,46297,41857],{}," shows the data type",[167,46300,46301,46303],{},[15,46302,41862],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46305,295],{},[52,46307,46309],{"className":54,"code":46308,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46310,46311,46330,46340,46354],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46312,46313,46315,46317,46319,46321,46323,46326,46328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46314,68],{"class":67},[61,46316,72],{"class":71},[61,46318,8275],{"class":89},[61,46320,94],{"class":93},[61,46322,1010],{"class":310},[61,46324,46325],{"class":314},"Enter something: ",[61,46327,1010],{"class":310},[61,46329,258],{"class":93},[61,46331,46332,46334,46336,46338],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46333,90],{"class":89},[61,46335,94],{"class":93},[61,46337,103],{"class":102},[61,46339,258],{"class":93},[61,46341,46342,46344,46346,46348,46350,46352],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46343,90],{"class":89},[61,46345,94],{"class":93},[61,46347,657],{"class":109},[61,46349,94],{"class":93},[61,46351,103],{"class":102},[61,46353,342],{"class":93},[61,46355,46356,46358,46360,46362,46364,46366],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,46357,90],{"class":89},[61,46359,94],{"class":93},[61,46361,1804],{"class":89},[61,46363,94],{"class":93},[61,46365,103],{"class":102},[61,46367,342],{"class":93},[44933,46369],{},[47,46371,1879],{"id":1878},[260,46373,1928,46375,46377],{"id":46374},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46376,3005],{}," return an integer?",[20,46379,46380,46381,46383,46384,39957],{},"No. ",[15,46382,3005],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46385,2926],{},[260,46387,46389,46390,1916],{"id":46388},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46391,3005],{},[20,46393,46394,46395,46397],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46396,3005],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[260,46399,5196,46401,46404,46405,1916],{"id":46400},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46402,46403],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46406,3005],{},[20,46408,29088,46409,46411,46412,42178,46414,46416],{},[15,46410,3005],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46413,45721],{},[15,46415,45725],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[260,46418,46420],{"id":46419},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46422,143,46423,46425,46426,229],{},[15,46424,45985],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46427,46428],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44933,46430],{},[47,46432,1938],{"id":1937},[164,46434,46435,46440,46444,46450,46456,46460],{},[167,46436,46437],{},[221,46438,46439],{"href":46207},"How to get user input in Python",[167,46441,46442],{},[221,46443,9091],{"href":9013},[167,46445,46446],{},[221,46447,13,46448,1947],{"href":2923},[15,46449,2926],{},[167,46451,46452],{},[221,46453,13,46454,1947],{"href":2929},[15,46455,2932],{},[167,46457,46458],{},[221,46459,45932],{"href":45931},[167,46461,46462],{},[221,46463,13,46465,1947],{"href":46464},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46466,46467],{},"print()",[1969,46469,46470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":46472},[46473,46474,46476,46477,46479,46485,46493,46494,46495,46504],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":44937,"depth":79,"text":46475},"What input() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":45166,"depth":79,"text":46478},"What input() returns",{"id":45367,"depth":79,"text":45368,"children":46480},[46481,46482,46484],{"id":45371,"depth":86,"text":45372},{"id":45424,"depth":86,"text":46483},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45495,"depth":86,"text":45496},{"id":45730,"depth":79,"text":45731,"children":46486},[46487,46489,46490,46492],{"id":45739,"depth":86,"text":46488},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45807,"depth":86,"text":45808},{"id":45882,"depth":86,"text":46491},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45935,"depth":86,"text":45936},{"id":46027,"depth":79,"text":46028},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":46496},[46497,46499,46501,46503],{"id":46374,"depth":86,"text":46498},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46388,"depth":86,"text":46500},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46400,"depth":86,"text":46502},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46419,"depth":86,"text":46420},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42217,"description":46505},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46512,"title":42119,"body":46513,"description":48822,"extension":2017,"meta":48823,"navigation":82,"path":48824,"seo":48825,"stem":48826,"__hash__":48827},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46514,"toc":48774},[46515,46520,46525,46530,46550,46553,46555,46615,46617,46635,46640,46645,46650,46652,46665,46667,46750,46752,46793,46799,46801,46831,46837,46840,46857,46859,46911,46913,46931,46937,46943,46946,46964,46966,47039,47041,47060,47067,47073,47078,47081,47141,47143,47162,47165,47168,47183,47189,47193,47254,47256,47276,47280,47409,47411,47541,47551,47557,47563,47571,47637,47639,47664,47667,47684,47697,47703,47706,47739,47741,47754,47757,47800,47802,47810,47817,47821,47828,47832,47859,47861,47869,47875,47892,47897,47901,47928,47930,47938,47942,47947,47950,47976,47979,47988,47996,48000,48010,48014,48017,48019,48070,48072,48102,48112,48139,48141,48149,48159,48163,48166,48168,48216,48218,48261,48267,48318,48320,48339,48344,48349,48352,48371,48374,48426,48428,48437,48439,48443,48447,48450,48459,48466,48468,48495,48499,48501,48510,48513,48520,48526,48586,48590,48592,48600,48603,48629,48635,48638,48658,48660,48669,48677,48679,48685,48690,48697,48707,48713,48721,48725,48728,48730,48771],[10,46516,13,46518,18],{"id":46517},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46519,2926],{},[20,46521,32346,46522,46524],{},[15,46523,2926],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46526,35431,46527,46529],{},[15,46528,2926],{}," when they want to:",[164,46531,46532,46541,46544,46547],{},[167,46533,46534,46535,46538,46539],{},"turn text like ",[15,46536,46537],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46540,1225],{},[167,46542,46543],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[167,46545,46546],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[167,46548,46549],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46551,46552],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[47,46554,2059],{"id":2058},[52,46556,46558],{"className":54,"code":46557,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46559,46560,46578,46592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46561,46562,46564,46566,46568,46570,46572,46574,46576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46563,90],{"class":89},[61,46565,94],{"class":93},[61,46567,189],{"class":109},[61,46569,94],{"class":93},[61,46571,1010],{"class":310},[61,46573,1225],{"class":314},[61,46575,1010],{"class":310},[61,46577,342],{"class":93},[61,46579,46580,46582,46584,46586,46588,46590],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46581,90],{"class":89},[61,46583,94],{"class":93},[61,46585,189],{"class":109},[61,46587,94],{"class":93},[61,46589,42007],{"class":75},[61,46591,342],{"class":93},[61,46593,46594,46596,46598,46600,46602,46604,46607,46609,46611,46613],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46595,90],{"class":89},[61,46597,94],{"class":93},[61,46599,189],{"class":109},[61,46601,94],{"class":93},[61,46603,1010],{"class":310},[61,46605,46606],{"class":314},"101",[61,46608,1010],{"class":310},[61,46610,106],{"class":93},[61,46612,3040],{"class":75},[61,46614,342],{"class":93},[20,46616,345],{},[52,46618,46620],{"className":54,"code":46619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46621,46622,46626,46631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46623,46624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46625,1278],{"class":75},[61,46627,46628],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46629,46630],{"class":75},"3\n",[61,46632,46633],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46634,2994],{"class":75},[20,46636,143,46637,46639],{},[15,46638,2926],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[47,46641,151,46643,154],{"id":46642},"what-int-does",[15,46644,2926],{},[20,46646,46647,46649],{},[15,46648,2926],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46651,13078],{},[164,46653,46654,46659,46662],{},[167,46655,46656,46657,7374],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46658,189],{},[167,46660,46661],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[167,46663,46664],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46666,295],{},[52,46668,46670],{"className":54,"code":46669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46671,46672,46684,46698,46702,46712,46722,46736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46673,46674,46676,46678,46680,46682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46675,450],{"class":67},[61,46677,72],{"class":71},[61,46679,311],{"class":310},[61,46681,9226],{"class":314},[61,46683,318],{"class":310},[61,46685,46686,46688,46690,46692,46694,46696],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46687,2269],{"class":67},[61,46689,72],{"class":71},[61,46691,110],{"class":109},[61,46693,94],{"class":93},[61,46695,476],{"class":102},[61,46697,258],{"class":93},[61,46699,46700],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46701,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,46703,46704,46706,46708,46710],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,46705,90],{"class":89},[61,46707,94],{"class":93},[61,46709,476],{"class":102},[61,46711,258],{"class":93},[61,46713,46714,46716,46718,46720],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,46715,90],{"class":89},[61,46717,94],{"class":93},[61,46719,1271],{"class":102},[61,46721,258],{"class":93},[61,46723,46724,46726,46728,46730,46732,46734],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,46725,90],{"class":89},[61,46727,94],{"class":93},[61,46729,657],{"class":109},[61,46731,94],{"class":93},[61,46733,476],{"class":102},[61,46735,342],{"class":93},[61,46737,46738,46740,46742,46744,46746,46748],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,46739,90],{"class":89},[61,46741,94],{"class":93},[61,46743,657],{"class":109},[61,46745,94],{"class":93},[61,46747,1271],{"class":102},[61,46749,342],{"class":93},[20,46751,345],{},[52,46753,46755],{"className":54,"code":46754,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46756,46757,46761,46765,46779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46758,46759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46760,2756],{"class":75},[61,46762,46763],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46764,2756],{"class":75},[61,46766,46767,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46768,3337],{"class":71},[61,46770,3340],{"class":882},[61,46772,3343],{"class":310},[61,46774,185],{"class":314},[61,46776,3348],{"class":310},[61,46778,3351],{"class":71},[61,46780,46781,46783,46785,46787,46789,46791],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,46782,3337],{"class":71},[61,46784,3340],{"class":882},[61,46786,3343],{"class":310},[61,46788,189],{"class":314},[61,46790,3348],{"class":310},[61,46792,3351],{"class":71},[20,46794,46795,46796,46798],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46797,2926],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[47,46800,233],{"id":232},[52,46802,46804],{"className":54,"code":46803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46805,46806,46816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46807,46808,46810,46812,46814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46809,189],{"class":109},[61,46811,94],{"class":93},[61,46813,2228],{"class":102},[61,46815,258],{"class":93},[61,46817,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46829],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46819,189],{"class":109},[61,46821,94],{"class":93},[61,46823,2228],{"class":102},[61,46825,106],{"class":93},[61,46827,46828],{"class":102}," base",[61,46830,258],{"class":93},[260,46832,46834],{"id":46833},"intx",[15,46835,46836],{},"int(x)",[20,46838,46839],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[164,46841,46842,46847,46852],{},[167,46843,46844,46845],{},"a string such as ",[15,46846,42149],{},[167,46848,46849,46850],{},"a float such as ",[15,46851,42007],{},[167,46853,46854,46855],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46856,30],{},[20,46858,295],{},[52,46860,46862],{"className":54,"code":46861,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46863,46864,46882,46897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46865,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46867,90],{"class":89},[61,46869,94],{"class":93},[61,46871,189],{"class":109},[61,46873,94],{"class":93},[61,46875,1010],{"class":310},[61,46877,2379],{"class":314},[61,46879,1010],{"class":310},[61,46881,342],{"class":93},[61,46883,46884,46886,46888,46890,46892,46895],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46885,90],{"class":89},[61,46887,94],{"class":93},[61,46889,189],{"class":109},[61,46891,94],{"class":93},[61,46893,46894],{"class":75},"8.7",[61,46896,342],{"class":93},[61,46898,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46900,90],{"class":89},[61,46902,94],{"class":93},[61,46904,189],{"class":109},[61,46906,94],{"class":93},[61,46908,30],{"class":355},[61,46910,342],{"class":93},[20,46912,345],{},[52,46914,46916],{"className":54,"code":46915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46917,46918,46922,46926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46919,46920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46921,2425],{"class":75},[61,46923,46924],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46925,2430],{"class":75},[61,46927,46928],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,46929,46930],{"class":75},"1\n",[260,46932,46934],{"id":46933},"intx-base",[15,46935,46936],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46938,46939,46940,46942],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46941,2228],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46944,46945],{},"Common bases:",[164,46947,46948,46953,46958],{},[167,46949,46950,46952],{},[15,46951,2113],{}," for binary",[167,46954,46955,46957],{},[15,46956,2394],{}," for octal",[167,46959,46960,46963],{},[15,46961,46962],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46965,295],{},[52,46967,46969],{"className":54,"code":46968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46970,46971,46993,47016],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46972,46973,46975,46977,46979,46981,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46974,90],{"class":89},[61,46976,94],{"class":93},[61,46978,189],{"class":109},[61,46980,94],{"class":93},[61,46982,1010],{"class":310},[61,46984,46606],{"class":314},[61,46986,1010],{"class":310},[61,46988,106],{"class":93},[61,46990,3040],{"class":75},[61,46992,342],{"class":93},[61,46994,46995,46997,46999,47001,47003,47005,47008,47010,47012,47014],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,46996,90],{"class":89},[61,46998,94],{"class":93},[61,47000,189],{"class":109},[61,47002,94],{"class":93},[61,47004,1010],{"class":310},[61,47006,47007],{"class":314},"17",[61,47009,1010],{"class":310},[61,47011,106],{"class":93},[61,47013,6399],{"class":75},[61,47015,342],{"class":93},[61,47017,47018,47020,47022,47024,47026,47028,47031,47033,47035,47037],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47019,90],{"class":89},[61,47021,94],{"class":93},[61,47023,189],{"class":109},[61,47025,94],{"class":93},[61,47027,1010],{"class":310},[61,47029,47030],{"class":314},"1A",[61,47032,1010],{"class":310},[61,47034,106],{"class":93},[61,47036,14014],{"class":75},[61,47038,342],{"class":93},[20,47040,345],{},[52,47042,47044],{"className":54,"code":47043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47045,47046,47050,47055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47047,47048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47049,2994],{"class":75},[61,47051,47052],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47053,47054],{"class":75},"15\n",[61,47056,47057],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47058,47059],{"class":75},"26\n",[20,47061,47062,47063,229],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[221,47064,47065,2351],{"href":2929},[15,47066,2932],{},[47,47068,8449,47070,47072],{"id":47069},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47071,2926],{}," with strings",[20,47074,47075,47077],{},[15,47076,2926],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47079,47080],{},"Examples that work:",[52,47082,47084],{"className":54,"code":47083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47085,47086,47104,47122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47087,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47089,90],{"class":89},[61,47091,94],{"class":93},[61,47093,189],{"class":109},[61,47095,94],{"class":93},[61,47097,1010],{"class":310},[61,47099,2192],{"class":314},[61,47101,1010],{"class":310},[61,47103,342],{"class":93},[61,47105,47106,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47107,90],{"class":89},[61,47109,94],{"class":93},[61,47111,189],{"class":109},[61,47113,94],{"class":93},[61,47115,1010],{"class":310},[61,47117,2342],{"class":314},[61,47119,1010],{"class":310},[61,47121,342],{"class":93},[61,47123,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132,47134,47137,47139],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47125,90],{"class":89},[61,47127,94],{"class":93},[61,47129,189],{"class":109},[61,47131,94],{"class":93},[61,47133,1010],{"class":310},[61,47135,47136],{"class":314},"  42  ",[61,47138,1010],{"class":310},[61,47140,342],{"class":93},[20,47142,345],{},[52,47144,47146],{"className":54,"code":47145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47147,47148,47152,47158],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47149,47150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47151,2994],{"class":75},[61,47153,47154,47156],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47155,2078],{"class":71},[61,47157,2277],{"class":75},[61,47159,47160],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47161,1278],{"class":75},[20,47163,47164],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47166,47167],{},"Examples that fail:",[52,47169,47171],{"className":54,"code":47170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47172,47173,47178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47174,47175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47176,47177],{"class":116},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[61,47179,47180],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47181,47182],{"class":116},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47184,47185,47186,47188],{},"These raise ",[15,47187,40730],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[260,47190,47192],{"id":47191},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[52,47194,47196],{"className":54,"code":47195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47197,47198,47216,47235],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47199,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47201,90],{"class":89},[61,47203,94],{"class":93},[61,47205,189],{"class":109},[61,47207,94],{"class":93},[61,47209,1010],{"class":310},[61,47211,2175],{"class":314},[61,47213,1010],{"class":310},[61,47215,342],{"class":93},[61,47217,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47231,47233],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47219,90],{"class":89},[61,47221,94],{"class":93},[61,47223,189],{"class":109},[61,47225,94],{"class":93},[61,47227,1010],{"class":310},[61,47229,47230],{"class":314},"+7",[61,47232,1010],{"class":310},[61,47234,342],{"class":93},[61,47236,47237,47239,47241,47243,47245,47247,47250,47252],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47238,90],{"class":89},[61,47240,94],{"class":93},[61,47242,189],{"class":109},[61,47244,94],{"class":93},[61,47246,1010],{"class":310},[61,47248,47249],{"class":314},"-100",[61,47251,1010],{"class":310},[61,47253,342],{"class":93},[20,47255,345],{},[52,47257,47259],{"className":54,"code":47258,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47260,47261,47266,47270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47262,47263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47264,47265],{"class":75},"0\n",[61,47267,47268],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47269,2135],{"class":75},[61,47271,47272,47274],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47273,2078],{"class":71},[61,47275,1724],{"class":75},[260,47277,47279],{"id":47278},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[52,47281,47283],{"className":54,"code":47282,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47284,47285,47323,47327,47339,47346,47361,47376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47286,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295,47297,47299,47301,47303,47306,47308,47310,47312,47314,47316,47319,47321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47288,3865],{"class":67},[61,47290,72],{"class":71},[61,47292,1088],{"class":93},[61,47294,1010],{"class":310},[61,47296,40170],{"class":314},[61,47298,1010],{"class":310},[61,47300,106],{"class":93},[61,47302,311],{"class":310},[61,47304,47305],{"class":314},"12abc",[61,47307,1010],{"class":310},[61,47309,106],{"class":93},[61,47311,6165],{"class":310},[61,47313,106],{"class":93},[61,47315,311],{"class":310},[61,47317,47318],{"class":314},"seven",[61,47320,1010],{"class":310},[61,47322,1115],{"class":93},[61,47324,47325],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47326,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,47328,47329,47331,47333,47335,47337],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47330,5996],{"class":672},[61,47332,21612],{"class":67},[61,47334,3924],{"class":672},[61,47336,3927],{"class":67},[61,47338,6433],{"class":93},[61,47340,47341,47344],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,47342,47343],{"class":672},"    try",[61,47345,6433],{"class":93},[61,47347,47348,47351,47353,47355,47357,47359],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,47349,47350],{"class":89},"        print",[61,47352,94],{"class":93},[61,47354,189],{"class":109},[61,47356,94],{"class":93},[61,47358,103],{"class":102},[61,47360,342],{"class":93},[61,47362,47363,47366,47368,47371,47374],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,47364,47365],{"class":672},"    except",[61,47367,41949],{"class":109},[61,47369,47370],{"class":672}," as",[61,47372,47373],{"class":67}," error",[61,47375,6433],{"class":93},[61,47377,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386,47388,47390,47393,47395,47398,47400,47403,47405,47407],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,47379,47350],{"class":89},[61,47381,94],{"class":93},[61,47383,22322],{"class":882},[61,47385,1010],{"class":314},[61,47387,9310],{"class":75},[61,47389,103],{"class":102},[61,47391,47392],{"class":882},"!r",[61,47394,22331],{"class":75},[61,47396,47397],{"class":314}," -> ",[61,47399,9310],{"class":75},[61,47401,47402],{"class":102},"error",[61,47404,22331],{"class":75},[61,47406,1010],{"class":314},[61,47408,258],{"class":93},[20,47410,345],{},[52,47412,47414],{"className":54,"code":47413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47415,47416,47452,47484,47509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47417,47418,47420,47422,47424,47427,47430,47432,47434,47436,47439,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47419,3348],{"class":43351},[61,47421,40170],{"class":43355},[61,47423,3348],{"class":43351},[61,47425,47426],{"class":37395}," ->",[61,47428,47429],{"class":67}," invalid literal ",[61,47431,5996],{"class":672},[61,47433,110],{"class":109},[61,47435,7400],{"class":93},[61,47437,47438],{"class":672}," with",[61,47440,47441],{"class":67}," base ",[61,47443,2379],{"class":75},[61,47445,1314],{"class":93},[61,47447,3343],{"class":310},[61,47449,40170],{"class":314},[61,47451,29727],{"class":310},[61,47453,47454,47456,47458,47460,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47455,3348],{"class":310},[61,47457,47305],{"class":314},[61,47459,3348],{"class":310},[61,47461,47426],{"class":37395},[61,47463,47429],{"class":67},[61,47465,5996],{"class":672},[61,47467,110],{"class":109},[61,47469,7400],{"class":93},[61,47471,47438],{"class":672},[61,47473,47441],{"class":67},[61,47475,2379],{"class":75},[61,47477,1314],{"class":93},[61,47479,3343],{"class":310},[61,47481,47305],{"class":314},[61,47483,29727],{"class":310},[61,47485,47486,47488,47490,47492,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47487,3815],{"class":310},[61,47489,47426],{"class":37395},[61,47491,47429],{"class":67},[61,47493,5996],{"class":672},[61,47495,110],{"class":109},[61,47497,7400],{"class":93},[61,47499,47438],{"class":672},[61,47501,47441],{"class":67},[61,47503,2379],{"class":75},[61,47505,1314],{"class":93},[61,47507,47508],{"class":310}," ''\n",[61,47510,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537,47539],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,47512,3348],{"class":310},[61,47514,47318],{"class":314},[61,47516,3348],{"class":310},[61,47518,47426],{"class":37395},[61,47520,47429],{"class":67},[61,47522,5996],{"class":672},[61,47524,110],{"class":109},[61,47526,7400],{"class":93},[61,47528,47438],{"class":672},[61,47530,47441],{"class":67},[61,47532,2379],{"class":75},[61,47534,1314],{"class":93},[61,47536,3343],{"class":310},[61,47538,47318],{"class":314},[61,47540,29727],{"class":310},[20,47542,47543,47544,47546,47547,229],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[221,47545,9014],{"href":9013}," and the ",[221,47548,47549,2351],{"href":8252},[15,47550,3005],{},[47,47552,8449,47554,47556],{"id":47553},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47555,2926],{}," with floats",[20,47558,47559,47560,47562],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47561,2926],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47564,47565,47566,14080,47568,47570],{},"Important: ",[15,47567,2926],{},[3784,47569,4670],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[52,47572,47574],{"className":54,"code":47573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47575,47576,47590,47605,47621],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47577,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47579,90],{"class":89},[61,47581,94],{"class":93},[61,47583,189],{"class":109},[61,47585,94],{"class":93},[61,47587,42007],{"class":75},[61,47589,342],{"class":93},[61,47591,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600,47603],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47593,90],{"class":89},[61,47595,94],{"class":93},[61,47597,189],{"class":109},[61,47599,94],{"class":93},[61,47601,47602],{"class":75},"3.1",[61,47604,342],{"class":93},[61,47606,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615,47617,47619],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47608,90],{"class":89},[61,47610,94],{"class":93},[61,47612,189],{"class":109},[61,47614,94],{"class":93},[61,47616,2078],{"class":71},[61,47618,42007],{"class":75},[61,47620,342],{"class":93},[61,47622,47623,47625,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,47624,90],{"class":89},[61,47626,94],{"class":93},[61,47628,189],{"class":109},[61,47630,94],{"class":93},[61,47632,2078],{"class":71},[61,47634,47602],{"class":75},[61,47636,342],{"class":93},[20,47638,345],{},[52,47640,47642],{"className":54,"code":47641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47643,47644,47648,47652,47658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47645,47646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47647,46630],{"class":75},[61,47649,47650],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47651,46630],{"class":75},[61,47653,47654,47656],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47655,2078],{"class":71},[61,47657,46630],{"class":75},[61,47659,47660,47662],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,47661,2078],{"class":71},[61,47663,46630],{"class":75},[20,47665,47666],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[164,47668,47669,47676],{},[167,47670,47671,42178,47674],{},[15,47672,47673],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47675,1046],{},[167,47677,47678,42178,47681],{},[15,47679,47680],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47682,47683],{},"-3",[20,47685,47686,47687,47691,47692,229],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[221,47688,47689],{"href":2929},[15,47690,2932],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[221,47693,47694],{"href":42198},[15,47695,47696],{},"str()",[47,47698,8449,47700,47702],{"id":47699},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47701,2926],{}," with booleans",[20,47704,47705],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[52,47707,47709],{"className":54,"code":47708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47710,47711,47725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47712,47713,47715,47717,47719,47721,47723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47714,90],{"class":89},[61,47716,94],{"class":93},[61,47718,189],{"class":109},[61,47720,94],{"class":93},[61,47722,30],{"class":355},[61,47724,342],{"class":93},[61,47726,47727,47729,47731,47733,47735,47737],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47728,90],{"class":89},[61,47730,94],{"class":93},[61,47732,189],{"class":109},[61,47734,94],{"class":93},[61,47736,34],{"class":355},[61,47738,342],{"class":93},[20,47740,345],{},[52,47742,47744],{"className":54,"code":47743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n0\n",[15,47745,47746,47750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47747,47748],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47749,46930],{"class":75},[61,47751,47752],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47753,47265],{"class":75},[20,47755,47756],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[52,47758,47760],{"className":54,"code":47759,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47761,47762,47771,47786,47790],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47763,47764,47767,47769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47765,47766],{"class":67},"passed ",[61,47768,72],{"class":71},[61,47770,6460],{"class":355},[61,47772,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47784],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,47774,41208],{"class":67},[61,47776,72],{"class":71},[61,47778,110],{"class":109},[61,47780,94],{"class":93},[61,47782,47783],{"class":102},"passed",[61,47785,258],{"class":93},[61,47787,47788],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,47789,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,47791,47792,47794,47796,47798],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,47793,90],{"class":89},[61,47795,94],{"class":93},[61,47797,41237],{"class":102},[61,47799,258],{"class":93},[20,47801,345],{},[52,47803,47804],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,47805,47806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47807,47808],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47809,46930],{"class":75},[20,47811,47812,47813,229],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[221,47814,47815,2351],{"href":5818},[15,47816,3855],{},[47,47818,47820],{"id":47819},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47822,47823,47824,47827],{},"Use the ",[15,47825,47826],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[260,47829,47831],{"id":47830},"binary-example","Binary example",[52,47833,47835],{"className":54,"code":47834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47836,47837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47838,47839,47841,47843,47845,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855,47857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47840,90],{"class":89},[61,47842,94],{"class":93},[61,47844,189],{"class":109},[61,47846,94],{"class":93},[61,47848,1010],{"class":310},[61,47850,46606],{"class":314},[61,47852,1010],{"class":310},[61,47854,106],{"class":93},[61,47856,3040],{"class":75},[61,47858,342],{"class":93},[20,47860,345],{},[52,47862,47863],{"className":54,"code":2994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,47864,47865],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47866,47867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47868,2994],{"class":75},[20,47870,47871,47874],{},[15,47872,47873],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[164,47876,47877,47882,47887],{},[167,47878,47879],{},[15,47880,47881],{},"1 × 4",[167,47883,47884],{},[15,47885,47886],{},"0 × 2",[167,47888,47889],{},[15,47890,47891],{},"1 × 1",[20,47893,47894,47895,229],{},"So the result is ",[15,47896,2192],{},[260,47898,47900],{"id":47899},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[52,47902,47904],{"className":54,"code":47903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47905,47906],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47907,47908,47910,47912,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922,47924,47926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47909,90],{"class":89},[61,47911,94],{"class":93},[61,47913,189],{"class":109},[61,47915,94],{"class":93},[61,47917,1010],{"class":310},[61,47919,47030],{"class":314},[61,47921,1010],{"class":310},[61,47923,106],{"class":93},[61,47925,14014],{"class":75},[61,47927,342],{"class":93},[20,47929,345],{},[52,47931,47932],{"className":54,"code":47059,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,47933,47934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47935,47936],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47937,47059],{"class":75},[260,47939,47941],{"id":47940},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47943,2034,47944,47946],{},[15,47945,47826],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47948,47949],{},"Good:",[52,47951,47952],{"className":54,"code":47834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,47953,47954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47955,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966,47968,47970,47972,47974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47957,90],{"class":89},[61,47959,94],{"class":93},[61,47961,189],{"class":109},[61,47963,94],{"class":93},[61,47965,1010],{"class":310},[61,47967,46606],{"class":314},[61,47969,1010],{"class":310},[61,47971,106],{"class":93},[61,47973,3040],{"class":75},[61,47975,342],{"class":93},[20,47977,47978],{},"Not correct:",[52,47980,47982],{"className":54,"code":47981,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47983,47984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47985,47986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47987,47981],{"class":116},[20,47989,47990,47991,8634,47993,47995],{},"That causes a ",[15,47992,1382],{},[15,47994,47826],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[47,47997,47999],{"id":47998},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48001,48002,48003,48005,48006,749,48008,229],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48004,2926],{}," are ",[15,48007,40730],{},[15,48009,1382],{},[260,48011,48012],{"id":41538},[15,48013,40730],{},[20,48015,48016],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48018,295],{},[52,48020,48022],{"className":54,"code":48021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48023,48024,48030,48048,48060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48025,48026,48028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48027,29831],{"class":672},[61,48029,6433],{"class":93},[61,48031,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,48033,1141],{"class":89},[61,48035,94],{"class":93},[61,48037,189],{"class":109},[61,48039,94],{"class":93},[61,48041,1010],{"class":310},[61,48043,40170],{"class":314},[61,48045,1010],{"class":310},[61,48047,342],{"class":93},[61,48049,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,48051,29862],{"class":672},[61,48053,41949],{"class":109},[61,48055,47370],{"class":672},[61,48057,47373],{"class":67},[61,48059,6433],{"class":93},[61,48061,48062,48064,48066,48068],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,48063,1141],{"class":89},[61,48065,94],{"class":93},[61,48067,47402],{"class":102},[61,48069,258],{"class":93},[20,48071,345],{},[52,48073,48075],{"className":54,"code":48074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48076,48077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48078,48079,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48080,48081],{"class":67},"invalid literal ",[61,48083,5996],{"class":672},[61,48085,110],{"class":109},[61,48087,7400],{"class":93},[61,48089,47438],{"class":672},[61,48091,47441],{"class":67},[61,48093,2379],{"class":75},[61,48095,1314],{"class":93},[61,48097,3343],{"class":310},[61,48099,40170],{"class":314},[61,48101,29727],{"class":310},[20,48103,48104,48105,48108,48109,48111],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48106,48107],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48110,2926],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[52,48113,48115],{"className":54,"code":48114,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48116,48117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48118,48119,48121,48123,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135,48137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48120,90],{"class":89},[61,48122,94],{"class":93},[61,48124,189],{"class":109},[61,48126,94],{"class":93},[61,48128,2245],{"class":109},[61,48130,94],{"class":93},[61,48132,1010],{"class":310},[61,48134,40170],{"class":314},[61,48136,1010],{"class":310},[61,48138,582],{"class":93},[20,48140,345],{},[52,48142,48143],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48144,48145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48146,48147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48148,46630],{"class":75},[20,48150,48151,48152,749,48155,229],{},"If you see this often, read ",[221,48153,48154],{"href":526},"how to convert string to int in Python",[221,48156,25708,48157],{"href":45931},[15,48158,45932],{},[260,48160,48161],{"id":41604},[15,48162,1382],{},[20,48164,48165],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48167,295],{},[52,48169,48171],{"className":54,"code":48170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48172,48173,48179,48193,48206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48174,48175,48177],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48176,29831],{"class":672},[61,48178,6433],{"class":93},[61,48180,48181,48183,48185,48187,48189,48191],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,48182,1141],{"class":89},[61,48184,94],{"class":93},[61,48186,189],{"class":109},[61,48188,94],{"class":93},[61,48190,3820],{"class":355},[61,48192,342],{"class":93},[61,48194,48195,48197,48200,48202,48204],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,48196,29862],{"class":672},[61,48198,48199],{"class":109}," TypeError",[61,48201,47370],{"class":672},[61,48203,47373],{"class":67},[61,48205,6433],{"class":93},[61,48207,48208,48210,48212,48214],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,48209,1141],{"class":89},[61,48211,94],{"class":93},[61,48213,47402],{"class":102},[61,48215,258],{"class":93},[20,48217,345],{},[52,48219,48221],{"className":54,"code":48220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48222,48223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48224,48225,48227,48229,48232,48234,48236,48239,48241,48244,48246,48248,48250,48252,48254,48256,48259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48226,189],{"class":109},[61,48228,7400],{"class":93},[61,48230,48231],{"class":67}," argument must be a string",[61,48233,106],{"class":93},[61,48235,1202],{"class":67},[61,48237,48238],{"class":109},"bytes",[61,48240,2078],{"class":71},[61,48242,48243],{"class":67},"like ",[61,48245,250],{"class":109},[61,48247,673],{"class":71},[61,48249,40865],{"class":67},[61,48251,106],{"class":93},[61,48253,908],{"class":71},[61,48255,3343],{"class":310},[61,48257,48258],{"class":314},"NoneType",[61,48260,29727],{"class":310},[20,48262,48263,48264,48266],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48265,47826],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[52,48268,48270],{"className":54,"code":48269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48271,48272,48278,48296,48308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48273,48274,48276],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48275,29831],{"class":672},[61,48277,6433],{"class":93},[61,48279,48280,48282,48284,48286,48288,48290,48292,48294],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,48281,1141],{"class":89},[61,48283,94],{"class":93},[61,48285,189],{"class":109},[61,48287,94],{"class":93},[61,48289,46606],{"class":75},[61,48291,106],{"class":93},[61,48293,3040],{"class":75},[61,48295,342],{"class":93},[61,48297,48298,48300,48302,48304,48306],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,48299,29862],{"class":672},[61,48301,48199],{"class":109},[61,48303,47370],{"class":672},[61,48305,47373],{"class":67},[61,48307,6433],{"class":93},[61,48309,48310,48312,48314,48316],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,48311,1141],{"class":89},[61,48313,94],{"class":93},[61,48315,47402],{"class":102},[61,48317,258],{"class":93},[20,48319,345],{},[52,48321,48323],{"className":54,"code":48322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48324,48325],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48326,48327,48329,48331,48334,48336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48328,189],{"class":109},[61,48330,7400],{"class":93},[61,48332,48333],{"class":67}," can",[61,48335,3348],{"class":310},[61,48337,48338],{"class":314},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[47,48340,5001,48342],{"id":48341},"when-to-use-int",[15,48343,2926],{},[20,48345,143,48346,48348],{},[15,48347,2926],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48350,48351],{},"Common uses:",[164,48353,48354,48360,48363,48366],{},[167,48355,48356,48357,48359],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48358,3005],{}," into integers",[167,48361,48362],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[167,48364,48365],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[167,48367,48368,48369,36643],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48370,47826],{},[20,48372,48373],{},"Example with user input:",[52,48375,48377],{"className":54,"code":48376,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48378,48379,48393,48408,48412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48380,48381,48384,48386,48388,48391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48382,48383],{"class":67},"age_text ",[61,48385,72],{"class":71},[61,48387,311],{"class":310},[61,48389,48390],{"class":314},"18",[61,48392,318],{"class":310},[61,48394,48395,48397,48399,48401,48403,48406],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,48396,21656],{"class":67},[61,48398,72],{"class":71},[61,48400,110],{"class":109},[61,48402,94],{"class":93},[61,48404,48405],{"class":102},"age_text",[61,48407,258],{"class":93},[61,48409,48410],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,48411,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,48413,48414,48416,48418,48420,48422,48424],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,48415,90],{"class":89},[61,48417,94],{"class":93},[61,48419,21656],{"class":102},[61,48421,2116],{"class":71},[61,48423,5535],{"class":75},[61,48425,258],{"class":93},[20,48427,345],{},[52,48429,48431],{"className":54,"code":48430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"19\n",[15,48432,48433],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48434,48435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48436,48430],{"class":75},[47,48438,2878],{"id":2877},[20,48440,14760,48441,229],{},[15,48442,2926],{},[260,48444,48446],{"id":48445},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48448,48449],{},"This fails:",[52,48451,48453],{"className":54,"code":48452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48454,48455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48456,48457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48458,48452],{"class":116},[20,48460,48461,48462,48465],{},"Why: ",[15,48463,48464],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48467,18868],{},[52,48469,48471],{"className":54,"code":48470,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48472,48473],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48474,48475,48477,48479,48481,48483,48485,48487,48489,48491,48493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48476,90],{"class":89},[61,48478,94],{"class":93},[61,48480,189],{"class":109},[61,48482,94],{"class":93},[61,48484,2245],{"class":109},[61,48486,94],{"class":93},[61,48488,1010],{"class":310},[61,48490,41149],{"class":314},[61,48492,1010],{"class":310},[61,48494,582],{"class":93},[260,48496,48498],{"id":48497},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48500,48449],{},[52,48502,48504],{"className":54,"code":48503,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48505,48506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48507,48508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48509,48503],{"class":116},[20,48511,48512],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[260,48514,48516,48517],{"id":48515},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48518,48519],{},"int(None)",[20,48521,48522,48523,48525],{},"This fails because ",[15,48524,3820],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[52,48527,48529],{"className":54,"code":48528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48530,48531,48540,48544,48550,48564,48576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48532,48533,48535,48537],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48534,68],{"class":67},[61,48536,72],{"class":71},[61,48538,48539],{"class":355}," None\n",[61,48541,48542],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,48543,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,48545,48546,48548],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,48547,29831],{"class":672},[61,48549,6433],{"class":93},[61,48551,48552,48554,48556,48558,48560,48562],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,48553,1141],{"class":89},[61,48555,94],{"class":93},[61,48557,189],{"class":109},[61,48559,94],{"class":93},[61,48561,103],{"class":102},[61,48563,342],{"class":93},[61,48565,48566,48568,48570,48572,48574],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,48567,29862],{"class":672},[61,48569,48199],{"class":109},[61,48571,47370],{"class":672},[61,48573,47373],{"class":67},[61,48575,6433],{"class":93},[61,48577,48578,48580,48582,48584],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,48579,1141],{"class":89},[61,48581,94],{"class":93},[61,48583,47402],{"class":102},[61,48585,258],{"class":93},[260,48587,48589],{"id":48588},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48591,48449],{},[52,48593,48594],{"className":54,"code":47981,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48595,48596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48597,48598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48599,47981],{"class":116},[20,48601,48602],{},"Use a string instead:",[52,48604,48605],{"className":54,"code":47834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,48606,48607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48608,48609,48611,48613,48615,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48610,90],{"class":89},[61,48612,94],{"class":93},[61,48614,189],{"class":109},[61,48616,94],{"class":93},[61,48618,1010],{"class":310},[61,48620,46606],{"class":314},[61,48622,1010],{"class":310},[61,48624,106],{"class":93},[61,48626,3040],{"class":75},[61,48628,342],{"class":93},[260,48630,8485,48632,48634],{"id":48631},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48633,2926],{}," to round",[20,48636,48637],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[52,48639,48641],{"className":54,"code":48640,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48642,48643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48644,48645,48647,48649,48651,48653,48656],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48646,90],{"class":89},[61,48648,94],{"class":93},[61,48650,189],{"class":109},[61,48652,94],{"class":93},[61,48654,48655],{"class":75},"4.9",[61,48657,342],{"class":93},[20,48659,345],{},[52,48661,48663],{"className":54,"code":48662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4\n",[15,48664,48665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48666,48667],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48668,48662],{"class":75},[20,48670,3216,48671,48673,48674,48676],{},[15,48672,2192],{},", remember that ",[15,48675,2926],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[47,48678,1879],{"id":1878},[260,48680,1928,48682,48684],{"id":48681},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48683,2926],{}," round numbers?",[20,48686,46380,48687,48689],{},[15,48688,2926],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[260,48691,5196,48693,48696],{"id":48692},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48694,48695],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48698,29088,48699,48701,48702,48704,48705,39957],{},[15,48700,48107],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48703,2932],{}," first, then use ",[15,48706,2926],{},[260,48708,1883,48710,12742],{"id":48709},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48711,48712],{},"int(True)",[20,48714,1889,48715,28340,48717,42178,48719,229],{},[15,48716,3035],{},[15,48718,34],{},[15,48720,2175],{},[260,48722,48724],{"id":48723},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48726,48727],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[47,48729,1938],{"id":1937},[164,48731,48732,48738,48744,48750,48755,48759,48765],{},[167,48733,48734],{},[221,48735,48736,1947],{"href":2929},[15,48737,2932],{},[167,48739,48740],{},[221,48741,48742,1947],{"href":42198},[15,48743,47696],{},[167,48745,48746],{},[221,48747,48748,1947],{"href":5818},[15,48749,3855],{},[167,48751,48752],{},[221,48753,48754],{"href":526},"How to convert string to int in Python",[167,48756,48757],{},[221,48758,9091],{"href":9013},[167,48760,48761],{},[221,48762,48763,1947],{"href":8252},[15,48764,3005],{},[167,48766,48767],{},[221,48768,30375,48769],{"href":45931},[15,48770,45932],{},[1969,48772,48773],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":48775},[48776,48777,48779,48783,48788,48790,48792,48797,48801,48803,48812,48821],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":46642,"depth":79,"text":48778},"What int() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":48780},[48781,48782],{"id":46833,"depth":86,"text":46836},{"id":46933,"depth":86,"text":46936},{"id":47069,"depth":79,"text":48784,"children":48785},"Using int() with strings",[48786,48787],{"id":47191,"depth":86,"text":47192},{"id":47278,"depth":86,"text":47279},{"id":47553,"depth":79,"text":48789},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47699,"depth":79,"text":48791},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47819,"depth":79,"text":47820,"children":48793},[48794,48795,48796],{"id":47830,"depth":86,"text":47831},{"id":47899,"depth":86,"text":47900},{"id":47940,"depth":86,"text":47941},{"id":47998,"depth":79,"text":47999,"children":48798},[48799,48800],{"id":41538,"depth":86,"text":40730},{"id":41604,"depth":86,"text":1382},{"id":48341,"depth":79,"text":48802},"When to use int()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":48804},[48805,48806,48807,48809,48810],{"id":48445,"depth":86,"text":48446},{"id":48497,"depth":86,"text":48498},{"id":48515,"depth":86,"text":48808},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48588,"depth":86,"text":48589},{"id":48631,"depth":86,"text":48811},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":48813},[48814,48816,48818,48820],{"id":48681,"depth":86,"text":48815},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48692,"depth":86,"text":48817},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48709,"depth":86,"text":48819},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48723,"depth":86,"text":48724},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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th":79,"text":1938},{},{"title":5,"description":2016},{"id":50482,"title":50483,"body":50484,"description":52457,"extension":2017,"meta":52458,"navigation":82,"path":52459,"seo":52460,"stem":52461,"__hash__":52462},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50485,"toc":52432},[50486,50489,50494,50499,50513,50516,50518,50593,50598,50602,50607,50610,50624,50626,50792,50805,50807,50809,50824,50827,50830,50843,50845,50943,50947,50953,50956,50965,50967,51002,51007,51028,51033,51038,51070,51073,51130,51134,51140,51143,51196,51198,51238,51241,51309,51312,51363,51370,51374,51380,51465,51471,51477,51526,51529,51532,51582,51584,51589,51593,51643,51647,51694,51698,51775,51779,51844,51847,51851,51856,51861,51873,51875,51894,51900,51903,51922,51927,51954,51961,51965,51971,51974,52069,52072,52075,52124,52129,52131,52135,52170,52173,52230,52240,52243,52277,52280,52282,52286,52289,52293,52296,52300,52303,52307,52320,52324,52329,52331,52381,52393,52395,52429],[10,50487,50483],{"id":50488},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50490,9156,50491,50493],{},[15,50492,42384],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50495,35431,50496,50498],{},[15,50497,42384],{}," to count:",[164,50500,50501,50504,50507,50510],{},[167,50502,50503],{},"characters in a string",[167,50505,50506],{},"items in a list or tuple",[167,50508,50509],{},"keys in a dictionary",[167,50511,50512],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50514,50515],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[47,50517,2059],{"id":2058},[52,50519,50521],{"className":54,"code":50520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50522,50523,50535,50555,50559,50576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50524,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50526,450],{"class":67},[61,50528,72],{"class":71},[61,50530,311],{"class":310},[61,50532,457],{"class":314},[61,50534,318],{"class":310},[61,50536,50537,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,50538,7814],{"class":67},[61,50540,72],{"class":71},[61,50542,1088],{"class":93},[61,50544,2379],{"class":75},[61,50546,106],{"class":93},[61,50548,7825],{"class":75},[61,50550,106],{"class":93},[61,50552,7830],{"class":75},[61,50554,1115],{"class":93},[61,50556,50557],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,50558,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,50560,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571,50573],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,50562,90],{"class":89},[61,50564,94],{"class":93},[61,50566,11191],{"class":89},[61,50568,94],{"class":93},[61,50570,476],{"class":102},[61,50572,113],{"class":93},[61,50574,50575],{"class":116},"   # 5\n",[61,50577,50578,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,50579,90],{"class":89},[61,50581,94],{"class":93},[61,50583,11191],{"class":89},[61,50585,94],{"class":93},[61,50587,7845],{"class":102},[61,50589,113],{"class":93},[61,50591,50592],{"class":116},"  # 3\n",[20,50594,143,50595,50597],{},[15,50596,42384],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[47,50599,50601],{"id":50600},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50603,50604,50606],{},[15,50605,42384],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50608,50609],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[164,50611,50612,50615,50618,50621],{},[167,50613,50614],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[167,50616,50617],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[167,50619,50620],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[167,50622,50623],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50625,295],{},[52,50627,50629],{"className":54,"code":50628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50630,50631,50643,50668,50700,50720,50724,50741,50758,50775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50632,50633,50635,50637,50639,50641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50634,305],{"class":67},[61,50636,72],{"class":71},[61,50638,311],{"class":310},[61,50640,7711],{"class":314},[61,50642,318],{"class":310},[61,50644,50645,50647,50649,50651,50653,50655,50657,50659,50661,50663,50666],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,50646,3661],{"class":67},[61,50648,72],{"class":71},[61,50650,1088],{"class":93},[61,50652,2379],{"class":75},[61,50654,106],{"class":93},[61,50656,7825],{"class":75},[61,50658,106],{"class":93},[61,50660,7830],{"class":75},[61,50662,106],{"class":93},[61,50664,50665],{"class":75}," 40",[61,50667,1115],{"class":93},[61,50669,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692,50694,50696,50698],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,50671,9199],{"class":67},[61,50673,72],{"class":71},[61,50675,1305],{"class":93},[61,50677,1010],{"class":310},[61,50679,221],{"class":314},[61,50681,1010],{"class":310},[61,50683,1314],{"class":93},[61,50685,5535],{"class":75},[61,50687,106],{"class":93},[61,50689,311],{"class":310},[61,50691,1101],{"class":314},[61,50693,1010],{"class":310},[61,50695,1314],{"class":93},[61,50697,3040],{"class":75},[61,50699,1324],{"class":93},[61,50701,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,50703,3865],{"class":67},[61,50705,72],{"class":71},[61,50707,1305],{"class":93},[61,50709,2192],{"class":75},[61,50711,106],{"class":93},[61,50713,37672],{"class":75},[61,50715,106],{"class":93},[61,50717,6032],{"class":75},[61,50719,1324],{"class":93},[61,50721,50722],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,50723,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,50725,50726,50728,50730,50732,50734,50736,50738],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,50727,90],{"class":89},[61,50729,94],{"class":93},[61,50731,11191],{"class":89},[61,50733,94],{"class":93},[61,50735,335],{"class":102},[61,50737,113],{"class":93},[61,50739,50740],{"class":116},"     # 3\n",[61,50742,50743,50745,50747,50749,50751,50753,50755],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,50744,90],{"class":89},[61,50746,94],{"class":93},[61,50748,11191],{"class":89},[61,50750,94],{"class":93},[61,50752,3691],{"class":102},[61,50754,113],{"class":93},[61,50756,50757],{"class":116},"  # 4\n",[61,50759,50760,50762,50764,50766,50768,50770,50772],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,50761,90],{"class":89},[61,50763,94],{"class":93},[61,50765,11191],{"class":89},[61,50767,94],{"class":93},[61,50769,9237],{"class":102},[61,50771,113],{"class":93},[61,50773,50774],{"class":116},"     # 2\n",[61,50776,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,50778,90],{"class":89},[61,50780,94],{"class":93},[61,50782,11191],{"class":89},[61,50784,94],{"class":93},[61,50786,5396],{"class":102},[61,50788,113],{"class":93},[61,50790,50791],{"class":116},"   # 3\n",[20,50793,50794,50795,186,50799,196,50803,229],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[221,50796,50798],{"href":50797},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[221,50800,50802],{"href":50801},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[221,50804,9189],{"href":9188},[47,50806,233],{"id":232},[20,50808,236],{},[52,50810,50812],{"className":54,"code":50811,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len(object)\n",[15,50813,50814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50815,50816,50818,50820,50822],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50817,11191],{"class":89},[61,50819,94],{"class":93},[61,50821,250],{"class":109},[61,50823,258],{"class":93},[20,50825,50826],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50828,50829],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[164,50831,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840],{},[167,50833,37935],{},[167,50835,37929],{},[167,50837,37932],{},[167,50839,37938],{},[167,50841,50842],{},"a dictionary",[20,50844,295],{},[52,50846,50848],{"className":54,"code":50847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50849,50850,50871,50895,50917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50851,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862,50864,50866,50868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50853,90],{"class":89},[61,50855,94],{"class":93},[61,50857,11191],{"class":89},[61,50859,94],{"class":93},[61,50861,1010],{"class":310},[61,50863,56],{"class":314},[61,50865,1010],{"class":310},[61,50867,113],{"class":93},[61,50869,50870],{"class":116},"      # 6\n",[61,50872,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,50874,90],{"class":89},[61,50876,94],{"class":93},[61,50878,11191],{"class":89},[61,50880,3032],{"class":93},[61,50882,3035],{"class":75},[61,50884,106],{"class":93},[61,50886,3040],{"class":75},[61,50888,106],{"class":93},[61,50890,1020],{"class":75},[61,50892,4775],{"class":93},[61,50894,50740],{"class":116},[61,50896,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50914],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,50898,90],{"class":89},[61,50900,94],{"class":93},[61,50902,11191],{"class":89},[61,50904,5548],{"class":93},[61,50906,2379],{"class":75},[61,50908,106],{"class":93},[61,50910,7825],{"class":75},[61,50912,50913],{"class":93},")))",[61,50915,50916],{"class":116},"      # 2\n",[61,50918,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50940],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,50920,90],{"class":89},[61,50922,94],{"class":93},[61,50924,11191],{"class":89},[61,50926,5567],{"class":93},[61,50928,1010],{"class":310},[61,50930,2228],{"class":314},[61,50932,1010],{"class":310},[61,50934,1314],{"class":93},[61,50936,5535],{"class":75},[61,50938,50939],{"class":93},"}))",[61,50941,50942],{"class":116},"      # 1\n",[47,50944,50946],{"id":50945},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50948,50949,50950,50952],{},"When you use ",[15,50951,42384],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50954,50955],{},"That includes:",[164,50957,50958,50960,50962],{},[167,50959,36170],{},[167,50961,10483],{},[167,50963,50964],{},"punctuation",[20,50966,295],{},[52,50968,50970],{"className":54,"code":50969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50971,50972,50985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50973,50974,50976,50978,50980,50983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50975,450],{"class":67},[61,50977,72],{"class":71},[61,50979,311],{"class":310},[61,50981,50982],{"class":314},"Hi there!",[61,50984,318],{"class":310},[61,50986,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,50988,90],{"class":89},[61,50990,94],{"class":93},[61,50992,11191],{"class":89},[61,50994,94],{"class":93},[61,50996,476],{"class":102},[61,50998,113],{"class":93},[61,51000,51001],{"class":116},"  # 9\n",[20,51003,51004,51005,1916],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51006,2200],{},[164,51008,51009,51015,51019,51022],{},[167,51010,51011,51014],{},[15,51012,51013],{},"H"," = 1",[167,51016,51017,51014],{},[15,51018,36181],{},[167,51020,51021],{},"space = 1",[167,51023,51024,51027],{},[15,51025,51026],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51029,51030,51031],{},"Total: ",[15,51032,2200],{},[20,51034,51035,51036,1314],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51037,2175],{},[52,51039,51041],{"className":54,"code":51040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51042,51043,51052],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51044,51045,51048,51050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51046,51047],{"class":67},"empty_text ",[61,51049,72],{"class":71},[61,51051,7916],{"class":310},[61,51053,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51065,51067],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51055,90],{"class":89},[61,51057,94],{"class":93},[61,51059,11191],{"class":89},[61,51061,94],{"class":93},[61,51063,51064],{"class":102},"empty_text",[61,51066,113],{"class":93},[61,51068,51069],{"class":116},"  # 0\n",[20,51071,51072],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[52,51074,51076],{"className":54,"code":51075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51077,51078,51091,51095,51115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51079,51080,51083,51085,51087,51089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51081,51082],{"class":67},"user_name ",[61,51084,72],{"class":71},[61,51086,311],{"class":310},[61,51088,5044],{"class":314},[61,51090,318],{"class":310},[61,51092,51093],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51094,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,51096,51097,51099,51101,51103,51106,51108,51111,51113],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,51098,1124],{"class":672},[61,51100,38414],{"class":89},[61,51102,94],{"class":93},[61,51104,51105],{"class":102},"user_name",[61,51107,664],{"class":93},[61,51109,51110],{"class":71}," >=",[61,51112,1020],{"class":75},[61,51114,6433],{"class":93},[61,51116,51117,51119,51121,51123,51126,51128],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,51118,1141],{"class":89},[61,51120,94],{"class":93},[61,51122,1010],{"class":310},[61,51124,51125],{"class":314},"Name is long enough",[61,51127,1010],{"class":310},[61,51129,258],{"class":93},[47,51131,51133],{"id":51132},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51135,51136,51137,51139],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51138,42384],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51141,51142],{},"Example with a list:",[52,51144,51146],{"className":54,"code":51145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51147,51148,51180],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51149,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51151,13102],{"class":67},[61,51153,72],{"class":71},[61,51155,1088],{"class":93},[61,51157,1010],{"class":310},[61,51159,13119],{"class":314},[61,51161,1010],{"class":310},[61,51163,106],{"class":93},[61,51165,311],{"class":310},[61,51167,17482],{"class":314},[61,51169,1010],{"class":310},[61,51171,106],{"class":93},[61,51173,311],{"class":310},[61,51175,13136],{"class":314},[61,51177,1010],{"class":310},[61,51179,1115],{"class":93},[61,51181,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51183,90],{"class":89},[61,51185,94],{"class":93},[61,51187,11191],{"class":89},[61,51189,94],{"class":93},[61,51191,17529],{"class":102},[61,51193,113],{"class":93},[61,51195,50592],{"class":116},[20,51197,37944],{},[52,51199,51201],{"className":54,"code":51200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51202,51203,51220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51204,51205,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51206,51207],{"class":67},"point ",[61,51209,72],{"class":71},[61,51211,572],{"class":93},[61,51213,2379],{"class":75},[61,51215,106],{"class":93},[61,51217,7825],{"class":75},[61,51219,258],{"class":93},[61,51221,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51233,51235],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51223,90],{"class":89},[61,51225,94],{"class":93},[61,51227,11191],{"class":89},[61,51229,94],{"class":93},[61,51231,51232],{"class":102},"point",[61,51234,113],{"class":93},[61,51236,51237],{"class":116},"  # 2\n",[20,51239,51240],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[52,51242,51244],{"className":54,"code":51243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51245,51246,51270,51274,51292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51247,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51249,7814],{"class":67},[61,51251,72],{"class":71},[61,51253,1088],{"class":93},[61,51255,1010],{"class":310},[61,51257,4118],{"class":314},[61,51259,1010],{"class":310},[61,51261,106],{"class":93},[61,51263,311],{"class":310},[61,51265,4127],{"class":314},[61,51267,1010],{"class":310},[61,51269,1115],{"class":93},[61,51271,51272],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51273,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,51275,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288,51290],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,51277,1124],{"class":672},[61,51279,38414],{"class":89},[61,51281,94],{"class":93},[61,51283,7845],{"class":102},[61,51285,664],{"class":93},[61,51287,38424],{"class":71},[61,51289,5535],{"class":75},[61,51291,6433],{"class":93},[61,51293,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,51295,1141],{"class":89},[61,51297,94],{"class":93},[61,51299,7845],{"class":102},[61,51301,1356],{"class":93},[61,51303,3035],{"class":75},[61,51305,20473],{"class":93},[61,51307,51308],{"class":116},"  # banana\n",[20,51310,51311],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[52,51313,51315],{"className":54,"code":51314,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51316,51317,51340],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51318,51319,51321,51323,51325,51328,51330,51333,51335,51338],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51320,5104],{"class":67},[61,51322,72],{"class":71},[61,51324,1088],{"class":93},[61,51326,51327],{"class":75},"88",[61,51329,106],{"class":93},[61,51331,51332],{"class":75}," 91",[61,51334,106],{"class":93},[61,51336,51337],{"class":75}," 75",[61,51339,1115],{"class":93},[61,51341,51342,51344,51346,51348,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359,51361],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51343,90],{"class":89},[61,51345,94],{"class":93},[61,51347,1010],{"class":310},[61,51349,51350],{"class":314},"Number of scores:",[61,51352,1010],{"class":310},[61,51354,106],{"class":93},[61,51356,38414],{"class":89},[61,51358,94],{"class":93},[61,51360,16417],{"class":102},[61,51362,342],{"class":93},[20,51364,51365,51366,229],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[221,51367,51369],{"href":51368},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[47,51371,51373],{"id":51372},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51375,51376,51377,51379],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51378,42384],{}," counts keys.",[52,51381,51383],{"className":54,"code":51382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51384,51385,51393,51411,51425,51441,51445,51449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51386,51387,51389,51391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51388,12890],{"class":67},[61,51390,72],{"class":71},[61,51392,11521],{"class":93},[61,51394,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51396,11526],{"class":310},[61,51398,335],{"class":314},[61,51400,1010],{"class":310},[61,51402,1314],{"class":93},[61,51404,311],{"class":310},[61,51406,7956],{"class":314},[61,51408,1010],{"class":310},[61,51410,11541],{"class":93},[61,51412,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,51414,11526],{"class":310},[61,51416,9331],{"class":314},[61,51418,1010],{"class":310},[61,51420,1314],{"class":93},[61,51422,30971],{"class":75},[61,51424,11541],{"class":93},[61,51426,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,51428,11526],{"class":310},[61,51430,19918],{"class":314},[61,51432,1010],{"class":310},[61,51434,1314],{"class":93},[61,51436,311],{"class":310},[61,51438,22273],{"class":314},[61,51440,318],{"class":310},[61,51442,51443],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,51444,1324],{"class":93},[61,51446,51447],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,51448,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,51450,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,51452,90],{"class":89},[61,51454,94],{"class":93},[61,51456,11191],{"class":89},[61,51458,94],{"class":93},[61,51460,13652],{"class":102},[61,51462,113],{"class":93},[61,51464,50592],{"class":116},[20,51466,51467,51468,51470],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51469,42384],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51472,51473,51474,51476],{},"For sets, ",[15,51475,42384],{}," counts unique items:",[52,51478,51480],{"className":54,"code":51479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51481,51482,51510],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51483,51484,51486,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51485,3661],{"class":67},[61,51487,72],{"class":71},[61,51489,1305],{"class":93},[61,51491,3035],{"class":75},[61,51493,106],{"class":93},[61,51495,3040],{"class":75},[61,51497,106],{"class":93},[61,51499,1020],{"class":75},[61,51501,106],{"class":93},[61,51503,1020],{"class":75},[61,51505,106],{"class":93},[61,51507,3040],{"class":75},[61,51509,1324],{"class":93},[61,51511,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522,51524],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51513,90],{"class":89},[61,51515,94],{"class":93},[61,51517,11191],{"class":89},[61,51519,94],{"class":93},[61,51521,3691],{"class":102},[61,51523,113],{"class":93},[61,51525,50592],{"class":116},[20,51527,51528],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51530,51531],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[52,51533,51535],{"className":54,"code":51534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51536,51537,51545,51549,51567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51538,51539,51541,51543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51540,9199],{"class":67},[61,51542,72],{"class":71},[61,51544,9869],{"class":93},[61,51546,51547],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51548,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,51550,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,51552,1124],{"class":672},[61,51554,38414],{"class":89},[61,51556,94],{"class":93},[61,51558,9237],{"class":102},[61,51560,664],{"class":93},[61,51562,667],{"class":71},[61,51564,3876],{"class":75},[61,51566,6433],{"class":93},[61,51568,51569,51571,51573,51575,51578,51580],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,51570,1141],{"class":89},[61,51572,94],{"class":93},[61,51574,1010],{"class":310},[61,51576,51577],{"class":314},"The dictionary is empty",[61,51579,1010],{"class":310},[61,51581,258],{"class":93},[47,51583,41071],{"id":41070},[20,51585,51586,51587,229],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51588,42384],{},[260,51590,51592],{"id":51591},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[52,51594,51596],{"className":54,"code":51595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51597,51598,51606,51610,51628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51599,51600,51602,51604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51601,7814],{"class":67},[61,51603,72],{"class":71},[61,51605,7874],{"class":93},[61,51607,51608],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51609,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,51611,51612,51614,51616,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,51613,1124],{"class":672},[61,51615,38414],{"class":89},[61,51617,94],{"class":93},[61,51619,7845],{"class":102},[61,51621,664],{"class":93},[61,51623,667],{"class":71},[61,51625,3876],{"class":75},[61,51627,6433],{"class":93},[61,51629,51630,51632,51634,51636,51639,51641],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,51631,1141],{"class":89},[61,51633,94],{"class":93},[61,51635,1010],{"class":310},[61,51637,51638],{"class":314},"The list is empty",[61,51640,1010],{"class":310},[61,51642,258],{"class":93},[260,51644,51646],{"id":51645},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[52,51648,51650],{"className":54,"code":51649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51651,51652,51671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51653,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664,51667,51669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51655,6193],{"class":67},[61,51657,72],{"class":71},[61,51659,8275],{"class":89},[61,51661,94],{"class":93},[61,51663,1010],{"class":310},[61,51665,51666],{"class":314},"Enter a word: ",[61,51668,1010],{"class":310},[61,51670,258],{"class":93},[61,51672,51673,51675,51677,51679,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51674,90],{"class":89},[61,51676,94],{"class":93},[61,51678,1010],{"class":310},[61,51680,51681],{"class":314},"Number of characters:",[61,51683,1010],{"class":310},[61,51685,106],{"class":93},[61,51687,38414],{"class":89},[61,51689,94],{"class":93},[61,51691,38419],{"class":102},[61,51693,342],{"class":93},[260,51695,51697],{"id":51696},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[52,51699,51701],{"className":54,"code":51700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51702,51703,51717,51721,51739,51754,51760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51704,51705,51708,51710,51712,51715],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51706,51707],{"class":67},"password ",[61,51709,72],{"class":71},[61,51711,311],{"class":310},[61,51713,51714],{"class":314},"secret123",[61,51716,318],{"class":310},[61,51718,51719],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51720,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,51722,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,51724,1124],{"class":672},[61,51726,38414],{"class":89},[61,51728,94],{"class":93},[61,51730,17648],{"class":102},[61,51732,664],{"class":93},[61,51734,51110],{"class":71},[61,51736,6399],{"class":75},[61,51738,6433],{"class":93},[61,51740,51741,51743,51745,51747,51750,51752],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,51742,1141],{"class":89},[61,51744,94],{"class":93},[61,51746,1010],{"class":310},[61,51748,51749],{"class":314},"Password length is valid",[61,51751,1010],{"class":310},[61,51753,258],{"class":93},[61,51755,51756,51758],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,51757,27460],{"class":672},[61,51759,6433],{"class":93},[61,51761,51762,51764,51766,51768,51771,51773],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,51763,1141],{"class":89},[61,51765,94],{"class":93},[61,51767,1010],{"class":310},[61,51769,51770],{"class":314},"Password is too short",[61,51772,1010],{"class":310},[61,51774,258],{"class":93},[260,51776,51778],{"id":51777},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[52,51780,51782],{"className":54,"code":51781,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51783,51784,51820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51785,51786,51789,51791,51793,51795,51798,51800,51802,51804,51807,51809,51811,51813,51816,51818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51787,51788],{"class":67},"results ",[61,51790,72],{"class":71},[61,51792,1088],{"class":93},[61,51794,1010],{"class":310},[61,51796,51797],{"class":314},"item1",[61,51799,1010],{"class":310},[61,51801,106],{"class":93},[61,51803,311],{"class":310},[61,51805,51806],{"class":314},"item2",[61,51808,1010],{"class":310},[61,51810,106],{"class":93},[61,51812,311],{"class":310},[61,51814,51815],{"class":314},"item3",[61,51817,1010],{"class":310},[61,51819,1115],{"class":93},[61,51821,51822,51824,51826,51828,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51842],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51823,90],{"class":89},[61,51825,94],{"class":93},[61,51827,1010],{"class":310},[61,51829,51830],{"class":314},"Items found:",[61,51832,1010],{"class":310},[61,51834,106],{"class":93},[61,51836,38414],{"class":89},[61,51838,94],{"class":93},[61,51840,51841],{"class":102},"results",[61,51843,342],{"class":93},[20,51845,51846],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[47,51848,51850],{"id":51849},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51852,51853,51855],{},[15,51854,42384],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51857,51858,51859,1314],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51860,1382],{},[164,51862,51863,51866,51869],{},[167,51864,51865],{},"plain integers",[167,51867,51868],{},"floats",[167,51870,51871],{},[15,51872,3820],{},[20,51874,295],{},[52,51876,51878],{"className":54,"code":51877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51879,51880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51881,51882,51884,51886,51888,51890,51892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51883,90],{"class":89},[61,51885,94],{"class":93},[61,51887,11191],{"class":89},[61,51889,94],{"class":93},[61,51891,2192],{"class":75},[61,51893,342],{"class":93},[20,51895,51896,51897,51899],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51898,2192],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51901,51902],{},"Another example:",[52,51904,51906],{"className":54,"code":51905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51907,51908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51909,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51911,90],{"class":89},[61,51913,94],{"class":93},[61,51915,11191],{"class":89},[61,51917,94],{"class":93},[61,51919,40170],{"class":75},[61,51921,342],{"class":93},[20,51923,51924,51925,1314],{},"And with ",[15,51926,3820],{},[52,51928,51930],{"className":54,"code":51929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51931,51932,51940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51933,51934,51936,51938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51935,68],{"class":67},[61,51937,72],{"class":71},[61,51939,48539],{"class":355},[61,51941,51942,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51943,90],{"class":89},[61,51945,94],{"class":93},[61,51947,11191],{"class":89},[61,51949,94],{"class":93},[61,51951,103],{"class":102},[61,51953,342],{"class":93},[20,51955,51956,51957,229],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[221,51958,51960],{"href":51959},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[47,51962,51964],{"id":51963},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51966,51967,51968,51970],{},"Before using ",[15,51969,42384],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51972,51973],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[52,51975,51977],{"className":54,"code":51976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51978,51979,51987,51991,52001,52015,52033,52051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51980,51981,51983,51985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51982,68],{"class":67},[61,51984,72],{"class":71},[61,51986,48539],{"class":355},[61,51988,51989],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,51990,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,51992,51993,51995,51997,51999],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,51994,90],{"class":89},[61,51996,94],{"class":93},[61,51998,103],{"class":102},[61,52000,258],{"class":93},[61,52002,52003,52005,52007,52009,52011,52013],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,52004,90],{"class":89},[61,52006,94],{"class":93},[61,52008,657],{"class":109},[61,52010,94],{"class":93},[61,52012,103],{"class":102},[61,52014,342],{"class":93},[61,52016,52017,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,52018,90],{"class":89},[61,52020,94],{"class":93},[61,52022,97],{"class":89},[61,52024,94],{"class":93},[61,52026,103],{"class":102},[61,52028,106],{"class":93},[61,52030,135],{"class":109},[61,52032,342],{"class":93},[61,52034,52035,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,52036,90],{"class":89},[61,52038,94],{"class":93},[61,52040,97],{"class":89},[61,52042,94],{"class":93},[61,52044,103],{"class":102},[61,52046,106],{"class":93},[61,52048,605],{"class":109},[61,52050,342],{"class":93},[61,52052,52053,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,52054,90],{"class":89},[61,52056,94],{"class":93},[61,52058,97],{"class":89},[61,52060,94],{"class":93},[61,52062,103],{"class":102},[61,52064,106],{"class":93},[61,52066,1343],{"class":109},[61,52068,342],{"class":93},[20,52070,52071],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52073,52074],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[52,52076,52078],{"className":54,"code":52077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52079,52080,52092,52096,52110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52081,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52083,68],{"class":67},[61,52085,72],{"class":71},[61,52087,311],{"class":310},[61,52089,457],{"class":314},[61,52091,318],{"class":310},[61,52093,52094],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52095,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,52097,52098,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,52099,1124],{"class":672},[61,52101,21612],{"class":67},[61,52103,1199],{"class":71},[61,52105,908],{"class":71},[61,52107,3894],{"class":355},[61,52109,6433],{"class":93},[61,52111,52112,52114,52116,52118,52120,52122],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,52113,1141],{"class":89},[61,52115,94],{"class":93},[61,52117,11191],{"class":89},[61,52119,94],{"class":93},[61,52121,103],{"class":102},[61,52123,342],{"class":93},[20,52125,52126,52127,229],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[221,52128,8474],{"href":752},[47,52130,2878],{"id":2877},[20,52132,23122,52133,1314],{},[15,52134,42384],{},[164,52136,52137,52145,52153,52161,52167],{},[167,52138,8449,52139,52141,52142],{},[15,52140,42384],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52143,52144],{},"len(5)",[167,52146,8449,52147,52149,52150],{},[15,52148,42384],{}," on a float like ",[15,52151,52152],{},"len(3.14)",[167,52154,8449,52155,52157,52158,52160],{},[15,52156,42384],{}," on ",[15,52159,3820],{}," after a function returns nothing",[167,52162,4618,52163,52166],{},[15,52164,52165],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[167,52168,52169],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52171,52172],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[52,52174,52176],{"className":54,"code":52175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52177,52178,52214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52179,52180,52182,52184,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194,52196,52198,52200,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52181,13231],{"class":67},[61,52183,72],{"class":71},[61,52185,1305],{"class":93},[61,52187,1010],{"class":310},[61,52189,335],{"class":314},[61,52191,1010],{"class":310},[61,52193,1314],{"class":93},[61,52195,311],{"class":310},[61,52197,1319],{"class":314},[61,52199,1010],{"class":310},[61,52201,106],{"class":93},[61,52203,311],{"class":310},[61,52205,9331],{"class":314},[61,52207,1010],{"class":310},[61,52209,1314],{"class":93},[61,52211,7825],{"class":75},[61,52213,1324],{"class":93},[61,52215,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226,52228],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52217,90],{"class":89},[61,52219,94],{"class":93},[61,52221,11191],{"class":89},[61,52223,94],{"class":93},[61,52225,17333],{"class":102},[61,52227,113],{"class":93},[61,52229,51237],{"class":116},[20,52231,37623,52232,52234,52235,749,52237,229],{},[15,52233,2113],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52236,15267],{},[15,52238,52239],{},"\"age\"",[20,52241,52242],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[52,52244,52246],{"className":54,"code":52245,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52247,52248,52261],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52249,52250,52252,52254,52256,52259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52251,450],{"class":67},[61,52253,72],{"class":71},[61,52255,311],{"class":310},[61,52257,52258],{"class":314},"a b",[61,52260,318],{"class":310},[61,52262,52263,52265,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52264,90],{"class":89},[61,52266,94],{"class":93},[61,52268,11191],{"class":89},[61,52270,94],{"class":93},[61,52272,476],{"class":102},[61,52274,113],{"class":93},[61,52276,50592],{"class":116},[20,52278,52279],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[47,52281,1879],{"id":1878},[260,52283,52285],{"id":52284},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52287,52288],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[260,52290,52292],{"id":52291},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52294,52295],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[260,52297,52299],{"id":52298},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52301,52302],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[260,52304,52306],{"id":52305},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52308,52309,52310,52312,52313,31,52315,52317,52318,229],{},"No. Using ",[15,52311,42384],{}," on an ",[15,52314,189],{},[15,52316,2245],{}," raises a ",[15,52319,1382],{},[260,52321,52323],{"id":52322},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52325,7797,52326,229],{},[15,52327,52328],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52330,295],{},[52,52332,52334],{"className":54,"code":52333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52335,52336,52344,52348,52366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52337,52338,52340,52342],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52339,8340],{"class":67},[61,52341,72],{"class":71},[61,52343,7874],{"class":93},[61,52345,52346],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52347,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,52349,52350,52352,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362,52364],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,52351,1124],{"class":672},[61,52353,38414],{"class":89},[61,52355,94],{"class":93},[61,52357,8371],{"class":102},[61,52359,664],{"class":93},[61,52361,667],{"class":71},[61,52363,3876],{"class":75},[61,52365,6433],{"class":93},[61,52367,52368,52370,52372,52374,52377,52379],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,52369,1141],{"class":89},[61,52371,94],{"class":93},[61,52373,1010],{"class":310},[61,52375,52376],{"class":314},"Empty list",[61,52378,1010],{"class":310},[61,52380,258],{"class":93},[20,52382,52383,52384,52386,52387,52389,52390,52392],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52385,34],{}," in an ",[15,52388,1124],{}," statement, but ",[15,52391,42384],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[47,52394,1938],{"id":1937},[164,52396,52397,52401,52405,52409,52414,52418,52424],{},[167,52398,52399],{},[221,52400,50798],{"href":50797},[167,52402,52403],{},[221,52404,50802],{"href":50801},[167,52406,52407],{},[221,52408,9189],{"href":9188},[167,52410,52411],{},[221,52412,52413],{"href":51368},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[167,52415,52416],{},[221,52417,8474],{"href":752},[167,52419,52420],{},[221,52421,52423],{"href":52422},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[167,52425,52426],{},[221,52427,52428],{"href":51959},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1969,52430,52431],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":52433},[52434,52435,52436,52437,52438,52439,52440,52446,52447,52448,52449,52456],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":50600,"depth":79,"text":50601},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":50945,"depth":79,"text":50946},{"id":51132,"depth":79,"text":51133},{"id":51372,"depth":79,"text":51373},{"id":41070,"depth":79,"text":41071,"children":52441},[52442,52443,52444,52445],{"id":51591,"depth":86,"text":51592},{"id":51645,"depth":86,"text":51646},{"id":51696,"depth":86,"text":51697},{"id":51777,"depth":86,"text":51778},{"id":51849,"depth":79,"text":51850},{"id":51963,"depth":79,"text":51964},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":52450},[52451,52452,52453,52454,52455],{"id":52284,"depth":86,"text":52285},{"id":52291,"depth":86,"text":52292},{"id":52298,"depth":86,"text":52299},{"id":52305,"depth":86,"text":52306},{"id":52322,"depth":86,"text":52323},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50483,"description":52457},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52464,"title":52465,"body":52466,"description":54151,"extension":2017,"meta":54152,"navigation":82,"path":54153,"seo":54154,"stem":54155,"__hash__":54156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52467,"toc":54124},[52468,52471,52485,52491,52493,52547,52552,52556,52572,52575,52589,52595,52597,52600,52619,52635,52637,52713,52715,52752,52763,52765,52768,52829,52831,52864,52867,52873,52877,52880,53005,53007,53066,53074,53127,53129,53156,53162,53172,53176,53179,53184,53236,53238,53264,53270,53324,53326,53351,53354,53378,53384,53386,53390,53392,53449,53451,53459,53461,53483,53485,53538,53540,53564,53568,53570,53609,53611,53619,53625,53629,53681,53683,53709,53717,53721,53726,53735,53737,53803,53805,53837,53841,53846,53848,53862,53865,53938,53940,53966,53968,53972,53979,53983,53990,53994,53997,53999,54052,54054,54080,54084,54093,54095,54121],[10,52469,52465],{"id":52470},"python-list-append-method",[20,52472,2034,52473,52476,52477,52480,52481,52484],{},[15,52474,52475],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3784,52478,52479],{},"one item"," to the ",[3784,52482,52483],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52486,52487,52488,52490],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3784,52489,4670],{}," create a new list.",[47,52492,50],{"id":49},[52,52494,52496],{"className":54,"code":52495,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52497,52498,52518,52532,52542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52499,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510,52512,52514,52516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52501,3661],{"class":67},[61,52503,72],{"class":71},[61,52505,1088],{"class":93},[61,52507,3035],{"class":75},[61,52509,106],{"class":93},[61,52511,3040],{"class":75},[61,52513,106],{"class":93},[61,52515,1020],{"class":75},[61,52517,1115],{"class":93},[61,52519,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52521,3691],{"class":67},[61,52523,229],{"class":93},[61,52525,13580],{"class":102},[61,52527,94],{"class":93},[61,52529,2552],{"class":75},[61,52531,258],{"class":93},[61,52533,52534,52536,52538,52540],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,52535,90],{"class":89},[61,52537,94],{"class":93},[61,52539,3691],{"class":102},[61,52541,258],{"class":93},[61,52543,52544],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,52545,52546],{"class":116},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52548,143,52549,52551],{},[15,52550,52475],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[47,52553,52555],{"id":52554},"what-append-does","What append() does",[164,52557,52558,52563,52566,52569],{},[167,52559,52560,52562],{},[15,52561,52475],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[167,52564,52565],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[167,52567,52568],{},"It does not create a new list",[167,52570,52571],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52573,52574],{},"This means you can append:",[164,52576,52577,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587],{},[167,52578,3691],{},[167,52580,5346],{},[167,52582,40620],{},[167,52584,5337],{},[167,52586,7285],{},[167,52588,34692],{},[20,52590,52591,52592,229],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[221,52593,52594],{"href":50801},"Python lists explained for beginners",[47,52596,5468],{"id":5467},[20,52598,52599],{},"Basic form:",[52,52601,52603],{"className":54,"code":52602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52604,52605],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52606,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52608,8371],{"class":67},[61,52610,229],{"class":93},[61,52612,13580],{"class":102},[61,52614,94],{"class":93},[61,52616,23338],{"class":102},[61,52618,258],{"class":93},[164,52620,52621,52626,52631],{},[167,52622,52623,52625],{},[15,52624,8371],{}," is the list you want to change",[167,52627,52628,52630],{},[15,52629,23338],{}," is the value or object to add",[167,52632,11938,52633],{},[15,52634,3820],{},[20,52636,295],{},[52,52638,52640],{"className":54,"code":52639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52641,52642,52666,52689,52693,52703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52643,52644,52646,52648,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52645,36266],{"class":67},[61,52647,72],{"class":71},[61,52649,1088],{"class":93},[61,52651,1010],{"class":310},[61,52653,4118],{"class":314},[61,52655,1010],{"class":310},[61,52657,106],{"class":93},[61,52659,311],{"class":310},[61,52661,4127],{"class":314},[61,52663,1010],{"class":310},[61,52665,1115],{"class":93},[61,52667,52668,52670,52672,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52669,1593],{"class":67},[61,52671,72],{"class":71},[61,52673,52674],{"class":67}," fruits",[61,52676,229],{"class":93},[61,52678,13580],{"class":102},[61,52680,94],{"class":93},[61,52682,1010],{"class":310},[61,52684,33250],{"class":314},[61,52686,1010],{"class":310},[61,52688,258],{"class":93},[61,52690,52691],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,52692,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,52694,52695,52697,52699,52701],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,52696,90],{"class":89},[61,52698,94],{"class":93},[61,52700,36318],{"class":102},[61,52702,258],{"class":93},[61,52704,52705,52707,52709,52711],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,52706,90],{"class":89},[61,52708,94],{"class":93},[61,52710,1620],{"class":102},[61,52712,258],{"class":93},[20,52714,345],{},[52,52716,52718],{"className":54,"code":52717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52719,52720,52748],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52721,52722,52724,52726,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52723,1356],{"class":93},[61,52725,3348],{"class":310},[61,52727,4118],{"class":314},[61,52729,3348],{"class":310},[61,52731,106],{"class":93},[61,52733,3343],{"class":310},[61,52735,4127],{"class":314},[61,52737,3348],{"class":310},[61,52739,106],{"class":93},[61,52741,3343],{"class":310},[61,52743,33250],{"class":314},[61,52745,3348],{"class":310},[61,52747,1115],{"class":93},[61,52749,52750],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52751,11835],{"class":355},[20,52753,52754,52755,52757,52758,52760,52761,229],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52756,52475],{}," updates ",[15,52759,36318],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52762,3820],{},[47,52764,359],{"id":358},[20,52766,52767],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[52,52769,52771],{"className":54,"code":52770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52772,52773,52797,52815,52819],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52774,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52776,13102],{"class":67},[61,52778,72],{"class":71},[61,52780,1088],{"class":93},[61,52782,1010],{"class":310},[61,52784,13119],{"class":314},[61,52786,1010],{"class":310},[61,52788,106],{"class":93},[61,52790,311],{"class":310},[61,52792,13136],{"class":314},[61,52794,1010],{"class":310},[61,52796,1115],{"class":93},[61,52798,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52800,17529],{"class":67},[61,52802,229],{"class":93},[61,52804,13580],{"class":102},[61,52806,94],{"class":93},[61,52808,1010],{"class":310},[61,52810,17482],{"class":314},[61,52812,1010],{"class":310},[61,52814,258],{"class":93},[61,52816,52817],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,52818,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,52820,52821,52823,52825,52827],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,52822,90],{"class":89},[61,52824,94],{"class":93},[61,52826,17529],{"class":102},[61,52828,258],{"class":93},[20,52830,345],{},[52,52832,52834],{"className":54,"code":52833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52835,52836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52837,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52839,1356],{"class":93},[61,52841,3348],{"class":310},[61,52843,13119],{"class":314},[61,52845,3348],{"class":310},[61,52847,106],{"class":93},[61,52849,3343],{"class":310},[61,52851,13136],{"class":314},[61,52853,3348],{"class":310},[61,52855,106],{"class":93},[61,52857,3343],{"class":310},[61,52859,17482],{"class":314},[61,52861,3348],{"class":310},[61,52863,1115],{"class":93},[20,52865,52866],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52868,31111,52869,229],{},[221,52870,52872],{"href":52871},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[47,52874,52876],{"id":52875},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52878,52879],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[52,52881,52883],{"className":54,"code":52882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52884,52885,52893,52897,52911,52929,52943,52969,52991,52995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52886,52887,52889,52891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52888,7814],{"class":67},[61,52890,72],{"class":71},[61,52892,7874],{"class":93},[61,52894,52895],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,52896,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,52898,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,52900,7845],{"class":67},[61,52902,229],{"class":93},[61,52904,13580],{"class":102},[61,52906,94],{"class":93},[61,52908,2379],{"class":75},[61,52910,258],{"class":93},[61,52912,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,52914,7845],{"class":67},[61,52916,229],{"class":93},[61,52918,13580],{"class":102},[61,52920,94],{"class":93},[61,52922,1010],{"class":310},[61,52924,457],{"class":314},[61,52926,1010],{"class":310},[61,52928,258],{"class":93},[61,52930,52931,52933,52935,52937,52939,52941],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,52932,7845],{"class":67},[61,52934,229],{"class":93},[61,52936,13580],{"class":102},[61,52938,94],{"class":93},[61,52940,30],{"class":355},[61,52942,258],{"class":93},[61,52944,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,52946,7845],{"class":67},[61,52948,229],{"class":93},[61,52950,13580],{"class":102},[61,52952,5567],{"class":93},[61,52954,1010],{"class":310},[61,52956,335],{"class":314},[61,52958,1010],{"class":310},[61,52960,1314],{"class":93},[61,52962,311],{"class":310},[61,52964,7711],{"class":314},[61,52966,1010],{"class":310},[61,52968,30524],{"class":93},[61,52970,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,52972,7845],{"class":67},[61,52974,229],{"class":93},[61,52976,13580],{"class":102},[61,52978,3032],{"class":93},[61,52980,3035],{"class":75},[61,52982,106],{"class":93},[61,52984,3040],{"class":75},[61,52986,106],{"class":93},[61,52988,1020],{"class":75},[61,52990,1365],{"class":93},[61,52992,52993],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,52994,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,52996,52997,52999,53001,53003],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,52998,90],{"class":89},[61,53000,94],{"class":93},[61,53002,7845],{"class":102},[61,53004,258],{"class":93},[20,53006,345],{},[52,53008,53010],{"className":54,"code":53009,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53011,53012],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53013,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061,53063],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53015,1356],{"class":93},[61,53017,2379],{"class":75},[61,53019,106],{"class":93},[61,53021,3343],{"class":310},[61,53023,457],{"class":314},[61,53025,3348],{"class":310},[61,53027,106],{"class":93},[61,53029,3956],{"class":355},[61,53031,106],{"class":93},[61,53033,1305],{"class":93},[61,53035,3348],{"class":310},[61,53037,335],{"class":314},[61,53039,3348],{"class":310},[61,53041,1314],{"class":93},[61,53043,3343],{"class":310},[61,53045,7711],{"class":314},[61,53047,3348],{"class":310},[61,53049,53050],{"class":93},"},",[61,53052,1088],{"class":93},[61,53054,3035],{"class":75},[61,53056,106],{"class":93},[61,53058,3040],{"class":75},[61,53060,106],{"class":93},[61,53062,1020],{"class":75},[61,53064,53065],{"class":93},"]]\n",[20,53067,53068,53069,42178,53071,229],{},"A list added with ",[15,53070,52475],{},[3784,53072,53073],{},"one single item",[52,53075,53077],{"className":54,"code":53076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53078,53079,53095,53113,53117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53080,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53082,3661],{"class":67},[61,53084,72],{"class":71},[61,53086,1088],{"class":93},[61,53088,3035],{"class":75},[61,53090,106],{"class":93},[61,53092,3040],{"class":75},[61,53094,1115],{"class":93},[61,53096,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53098,3691],{"class":67},[61,53100,229],{"class":93},[61,53102,13580],{"class":102},[61,53104,3032],{"class":93},[61,53106,1046],{"class":75},[61,53108,106],{"class":93},[61,53110,2505],{"class":75},[61,53112,1365],{"class":93},[61,53114,53115],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,53116,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53118,53119,53121,53123,53125],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,53120,90],{"class":89},[61,53122,94],{"class":93},[61,53124,3691],{"class":102},[61,53126,258],{"class":93},[20,53128,345],{},[52,53130,53132],{"className":54,"code":53131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53133,53134],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53135,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53137,1356],{"class":93},[61,53139,3035],{"class":75},[61,53141,106],{"class":93},[61,53143,3040],{"class":75},[61,53145,106],{"class":93},[61,53147,1088],{"class":93},[61,53149,1046],{"class":75},[61,53151,106],{"class":93},[61,53153,2505],{"class":75},[61,53155,53065],{"class":93},[20,53157,2336,53158,53161],{},[15,53159,53160],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53163,53164,53165,53171],{},"This is different from ",[221,53166,53168],{"href":53167},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53169,53170],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[47,53173,53175],{"id":53174},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53177,53178],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[260,53180,8449,53182],{"id":53181},"using-append",[15,53183,52475],{},[52,53185,53186],{"className":54,"code":53076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53187,53188,53204,53222,53226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53189,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53191,3661],{"class":67},[61,53193,72],{"class":71},[61,53195,1088],{"class":93},[61,53197,3035],{"class":75},[61,53199,106],{"class":93},[61,53201,3040],{"class":75},[61,53203,1115],{"class":93},[61,53205,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53207,3691],{"class":67},[61,53209,229],{"class":93},[61,53211,13580],{"class":102},[61,53213,3032],{"class":93},[61,53215,1046],{"class":75},[61,53217,106],{"class":93},[61,53219,2505],{"class":75},[61,53221,1365],{"class":93},[61,53223,53224],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,53225,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,53229,90],{"class":89},[61,53231,94],{"class":93},[61,53233,3691],{"class":102},[61,53235,258],{"class":93},[20,53237,345],{},[52,53239,53240],{"className":54,"code":53131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53241,53242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53243,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53245,1356],{"class":93},[61,53247,3035],{"class":75},[61,53249,106],{"class":93},[61,53251,3040],{"class":75},[61,53253,106],{"class":93},[61,53255,1088],{"class":93},[61,53257,1046],{"class":75},[61,53259,106],{"class":93},[61,53261,2505],{"class":75},[61,53263,53065],{"class":93},[260,53265,8449,53267],{"id":53266},"using-extend",[15,53268,53269],{},"extend()",[52,53271,53273],{"className":54,"code":53272,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53274,53275,53291,53310,53314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53276,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53278,3661],{"class":67},[61,53280,72],{"class":71},[61,53282,1088],{"class":93},[61,53284,3035],{"class":75},[61,53286,106],{"class":93},[61,53288,3040],{"class":75},[61,53290,1115],{"class":93},[61,53292,53293,53295,53297,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53294,3691],{"class":67},[61,53296,229],{"class":93},[61,53298,53299],{"class":102},"extend",[61,53301,3032],{"class":93},[61,53303,1046],{"class":75},[61,53305,106],{"class":93},[61,53307,2505],{"class":75},[61,53309,1365],{"class":93},[61,53311,53312],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,53313,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53315,53316,53318,53320,53322],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,53317,90],{"class":89},[61,53319,94],{"class":93},[61,53321,3691],{"class":102},[61,53323,258],{"class":93},[20,53325,345],{},[52,53327,53329],{"className":54,"code":53328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53330,53331],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53332,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53334,1356],{"class":93},[61,53336,3035],{"class":75},[61,53338,106],{"class":93},[61,53340,3040],{"class":75},[61,53342,106],{"class":93},[61,53344,1020],{"class":75},[61,53346,106],{"class":93},[61,53348,2505],{"class":75},[61,53350,1115],{"class":93},[20,53352,53353],{},"The difference:",[164,53355,53356,53362,53368,53373],{},[167,53357,53358,53361],{},[15,53359,53360],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[167,53363,53364,53367],{},[15,53365,53366],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[167,53369,143,53370,53372],{},[15,53371,52475],{}," for one item",[167,53374,143,53375,53377],{},[15,53376,53269],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53379,53380,53381,229],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[221,53382,53383],{"href":53167},"Python list extend() method",[47,53385,1387],{"id":1386},[260,53387,53389],{"id":53388},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53391,25719],{},[52,53393,53395],{"className":54,"code":53394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53396,53397,53417,53435,53439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53398,53399,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53400,7814],{"class":67},[61,53402,72],{"class":71},[61,53404,1088],{"class":93},[61,53406,3035],{"class":75},[61,53408,106],{"class":93},[61,53410,3040],{"class":75},[61,53412,106],{"class":93},[61,53414,1020],{"class":75},[61,53416,1115],{"class":93},[61,53418,53419,53421,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53420,7814],{"class":67},[61,53422,72],{"class":71},[61,53424,6004],{"class":67},[61,53426,229],{"class":93},[61,53428,13580],{"class":102},[61,53430,94],{"class":93},[61,53432,2552],{"class":75},[61,53434,258],{"class":93},[61,53436,53437],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,53438,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53440,53441,53443,53445,53447],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,53442,90],{"class":89},[61,53444,94],{"class":93},[61,53446,7845],{"class":102},[61,53448,258],{"class":93},[20,53450,345],{},[52,53452,53453],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53454,53455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53456,53457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53458,11835],{"class":355},[20,53460,11927],{},[164,53462,53463,53468,53474],{},[167,53464,53465,53467],{},[15,53466,52475],{}," changes the list in place",[167,53469,53470,2446,53472],{},[15,53471,52475],{},[15,53473,3820],{},[167,53475,53476,53477,53480,53481],{},"So ",[15,53478,53479],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53482,3820],{},[20,53484,10837],{},[52,53486,53488],{"className":54,"code":53487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53489,53490,53510,53524,53528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53491,53492,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53493,7814],{"class":67},[61,53495,72],{"class":71},[61,53497,1088],{"class":93},[61,53499,3035],{"class":75},[61,53501,106],{"class":93},[61,53503,3040],{"class":75},[61,53505,106],{"class":93},[61,53507,1020],{"class":75},[61,53509,1115],{"class":93},[61,53511,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53513,7845],{"class":67},[61,53515,229],{"class":93},[61,53517,13580],{"class":102},[61,53519,94],{"class":93},[61,53521,2552],{"class":75},[61,53523,258],{"class":93},[61,53525,53526],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,53527,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53529,53530,53532,53534,53536],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,53531,90],{"class":89},[61,53533,94],{"class":93},[61,53535,7845],{"class":102},[61,53537,258],{"class":93},[20,53539,345],{},[52,53541,53542],{"className":54,"code":53328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53543,53544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53545,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53547,1356],{"class":93},[61,53549,3035],{"class":75},[61,53551,106],{"class":93},[61,53553,3040],{"class":75},[61,53555,106],{"class":93},[61,53557,1020],{"class":75},[61,53559,106],{"class":93},[61,53561,2505],{"class":75},[61,53563,1115],{"class":93},[260,53565,53567],{"id":53566},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53569,1570],{},[52,53571,53573],{"className":54,"code":53572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53574,53575,53599],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53576,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595,53597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53578,31911],{"class":67},[61,53580,72],{"class":71},[61,53582,1088],{"class":93},[61,53584,3035],{"class":75},[61,53586,106],{"class":93},[61,53588,3040],{"class":75},[61,53590,13577],{"class":93},[61,53592,13580],{"class":102},[61,53594,94],{"class":93},[61,53596,1046],{"class":75},[61,53598,258],{"class":93},[61,53600,53601,53603,53605,53607],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53602,90],{"class":89},[61,53604,94],{"class":93},[61,53606,31930],{"class":102},[61,53608,258],{"class":93},[20,53610,345],{},[52,53612,53613],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53614,53615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53616,53617],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53618,11835],{"class":355},[20,53620,53621,53622,53624],{},"Remember: ",[15,53623,52475],{}," updates the list you already have.",[260,53626,53628],{"id":53627},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[52,53630,53631],{"className":54,"code":53076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53632,53633,53649,53667,53671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53634,53635,53637,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53636,3661],{"class":67},[61,53638,72],{"class":71},[61,53640,1088],{"class":93},[61,53642,3035],{"class":75},[61,53644,106],{"class":93},[61,53646,3040],{"class":75},[61,53648,1115],{"class":93},[61,53650,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53652,3691],{"class":67},[61,53654,229],{"class":93},[61,53656,13580],{"class":102},[61,53658,3032],{"class":93},[61,53660,1046],{"class":75},[61,53662,106],{"class":93},[61,53664,2505],{"class":75},[61,53666,1365],{"class":93},[61,53668,53669],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,53670,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53672,53673,53675,53677,53679],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,53674,90],{"class":89},[61,53676,94],{"class":93},[61,53678,3691],{"class":102},[61,53680,258],{"class":93},[20,53682,345],{},[52,53684,53685],{"className":54,"code":53131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53686,53687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53688,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53690,1356],{"class":93},[61,53692,3035],{"class":75},[61,53694,106],{"class":93},[61,53696,3040],{"class":75},[61,53698,106],{"class":93},[61,53700,1088],{"class":93},[61,53702,1046],{"class":75},[61,53704,106],{"class":93},[61,53706,2505],{"class":75},[61,53708,53065],{"class":93},[20,53710,3216,53711,53714,53715,1649],{},[15,53712,53713],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53716,53269],{},[260,53718,53720],{"id":53719},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53722,53723,53725],{},[15,53724,52475],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53727,53728,53729,229],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[221,53730,53732],{"href":53731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53733,53734],{},"list.insert()",[20,53736,295],{},[52,53738,53740],{"className":54,"code":53739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53741,53742,53766,53789,53793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53743,53744,53746,53748,53750,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53745,36117],{"class":67},[61,53747,72],{"class":71},[61,53749,1088],{"class":93},[61,53751,1010],{"class":310},[61,53753,221],{"class":314},[61,53755,1010],{"class":310},[61,53757,106],{"class":93},[61,53759,311],{"class":310},[61,53761,1110],{"class":314},[61,53763,1010],{"class":310},[61,53765,1115],{"class":93},[61,53767,53768,53770,53772,53775,53777,53779,53781,53783,53785,53787],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53769,36170],{"class":67},[61,53771,229],{"class":93},[61,53773,53774],{"class":102},"insert",[61,53776,94],{"class":93},[61,53778,3035],{"class":75},[61,53780,106],{"class":93},[61,53782,311],{"class":310},[61,53784,1101],{"class":314},[61,53786,1010],{"class":310},[61,53788,258],{"class":93},[61,53790,53791],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,53792,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53794,53795,53797,53799,53801],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,53796,90],{"class":89},[61,53798,94],{"class":93},[61,53800,36170],{"class":102},[61,53802,258],{"class":93},[20,53804,345],{},[52,53806,53807],{"className":54,"code":42898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,53808,53809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53810,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53835],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53812,1356],{"class":93},[61,53814,3348],{"class":310},[61,53816,221],{"class":314},[61,53818,3348],{"class":310},[61,53820,106],{"class":93},[61,53822,3343],{"class":310},[61,53824,1101],{"class":314},[61,53826,3348],{"class":310},[61,53828,106],{"class":93},[61,53830,3343],{"class":310},[61,53832,1110],{"class":314},[61,53834,3348],{"class":310},[61,53836,1115],{"class":93},[47,53838,53840],{"id":53839},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53842,53843,53845],{},[15,53844,52475],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53847,36453],{},[164,53849,53850,53853,53856,53859],{},[167,53851,53852],{},"building a list in a loop",[167,53854,53855],{},"collecting user input",[167,53857,53858],{},"storing results step by step",[167,53860,53861],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53863,53864],{},"Example with a loop:",[52,53866,53868],{"className":54,"code":53867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53869,53870,53879,53883,53904,53923,53927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53871,53872,53875,53877],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53873,53874],{"class":67},"squares ",[61,53876,72],{"class":71},[61,53878,7874],{"class":93},[61,53880,53881],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,53882,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53884,53885,53887,53889,53891,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,53886,5996],{"class":672},[61,53888,6426],{"class":67},[61,53890,3924],{"class":672},[61,53892,53893],{"class":89}," range",[61,53895,94],{"class":93},[61,53897,3035],{"class":75},[61,53899,106],{"class":93},[61,53901,4644],{"class":75},[61,53903,900],{"class":93},[61,53905,53906,53909,53911,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,53907,53908],{"class":67},"    squares",[61,53910,229],{"class":93},[61,53912,13580],{"class":102},[61,53914,94],{"class":93},[61,53916,2269],{"class":102},[61,53918,987],{"class":71},[61,53920,2249],{"class":102},[61,53922,258],{"class":93},[61,53924,53925],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,53926,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,53928,53929,53931,53933,53936],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,53930,90],{"class":89},[61,53932,94],{"class":93},[61,53934,53935],{"class":102},"squares",[61,53937,258],{"class":93},[20,53939,345],{},[52,53941,53943],{"className":54,"code":53942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53944,53945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53946,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53960,53962,53964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53948,1356],{"class":93},[61,53950,3035],{"class":75},[61,53952,106],{"class":93},[61,53954,2505],{"class":75},[61,53956,106],{"class":93},[61,53958,53959],{"class":75}," 9",[61,53961,106],{"class":93},[61,53963,14014],{"class":75},[61,53965,1115],{"class":93},[47,53967,1879],{"id":1878},[260,53969,53971],{"id":53970},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53973,46380,53974,53976,53977,229],{},[15,53975,52475],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53978,3820],{},[260,53980,53982],{"id":53981},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53984,53985,53986,229],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[221,53987,53988],{"href":53167},[15,53989,53269],{},[260,53991,53993],{"id":53992},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53995,53996],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53998,295],{},[52,54000,54002],{"className":54,"code":54001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54003,54004,54020,54038,54042],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54005,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54007,9199],{"class":67},[61,54009,72],{"class":71},[61,54011,1088],{"class":93},[61,54013,3035],{"class":75},[61,54015,106],{"class":93},[61,54017,3040],{"class":75},[61,54019,1115],{"class":93},[61,54021,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032,54034,54036],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54023,9237],{"class":67},[61,54025,229],{"class":93},[61,54027,13580],{"class":102},[61,54029,3032],{"class":93},[61,54031,1046],{"class":75},[61,54033,106],{"class":93},[61,54035,2505],{"class":75},[61,54037,1365],{"class":93},[61,54039,54040],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54041,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54043,54044,54046,54048,54050],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,54045,90],{"class":89},[61,54047,94],{"class":93},[61,54049,9237],{"class":102},[61,54051,258],{"class":93},[20,54053,345],{},[52,54055,54056],{"className":54,"code":53131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54057,54058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54059,54060,54062,54064,54066,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54061,1356],{"class":93},[61,54063,3035],{"class":75},[61,54065,106],{"class":93},[61,54067,3040],{"class":75},[61,54069,106],{"class":93},[61,54071,1088],{"class":93},[61,54073,1046],{"class":75},[61,54075,106],{"class":93},[61,54077,2505],{"class":75},[61,54079,53065],{"class":93},[260,54081,54083],{"id":54082},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54085,54086,54088,54089,54092],{},[15,54087,52475],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54090,54091],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[47,54094,1938],{"id":1937},[164,54096,54097,54102,54106,54111,54115],{},[167,54098,54099],{},[221,54100,54101],{"href":52871},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[167,54103,54104],{},[221,54105,53383],{"href":53167},[167,54107,54108],{},[221,54109,54110],{"href":53731},"Python list insert() method",[167,54112,54113],{},[221,54114,52594],{"href":50801},[167,54116,54117],{},[221,54118,54120],{"href":54119},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1969,54122,54123],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":54125},[54126,54127,54128,54129,54130,54131,54137,54143,54144,54150],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":52554,"depth":79,"text":52555},{"id":5467,"depth":79,"text":5468},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":52875,"depth":79,"text":52876},{"id":53174,"depth":79,"text":53175,"children":54132},[54133,54135],{"id":53181,"depth":86,"text":54134},"Using append()",{"id":53266,"depth":86,"text":54136},"Using extend()",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":54138},[54139,54140,54141,54142],{"id":53388,"depth":86,"text":53389},{"id":53566,"depth":86,"text":53567},{"id":53627,"depth":86,"text":53628},{"id":53719,"depth":86,"text":53720},{"id":53839,"depth":79,"text":53840},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":54145},[54146,54147,54148,54149],{"id":53970,"depth":86,"text":53971},{"id":53981,"depth":86,"text":53982},{"id":53992,"depth":86,"text":53993},{"id":54082,"depth":86,"text":54083},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52465,"description":54151},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54158,"title":54159,"body":54160,"description":55404,"extension":2017,"meta":55405,"navigation":82,"path":55406,"seo":55407,"stem":55408,"__hash__":55409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54161,"toc":55369},[54162,54168,54174,54180,54182,54230,54235,54240,54244,54260,54266,54268,54271,54286,54288,54299,54301,54303,54360,54362,54370,54372,54388,54394,54396,54402,54406,54490,54493,54542,54549,54557,54560,54574,54587,54593,54668,54675,54682,54756,54764,54767,54778,54787,54791,54795,54806,54808,54885,54906,54908,54918,54921,54969,54971,54992,54995,54997,55048,55054,55061,55128,55134,55140,55143,55170,55175,55181,55184,55256,55259,55270,55276,55278,55284,55287,55293,55299,55306,55314,55320,55326,55328,55366],[10,54163,54165,54166,11352],{"id":54164},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54167,11351],{},[20,54169,54170,54173],{},[15,54171,54172],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54175,54176,54177,54179],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3784,54178,11364],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[47,54181,50],{"id":49},[52,54183,54185],{"className":54,"code":54184,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54186,54187,54207,54217],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54188,54189,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203,54205],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54190,7814],{"class":67},[61,54192,72],{"class":71},[61,54194,1088],{"class":93},[61,54196,3035],{"class":75},[61,54198,106],{"class":93},[61,54200,3040],{"class":75},[61,54202,106],{"class":93},[61,54204,1020],{"class":75},[61,54206,1115],{"class":93},[61,54208,54209,54211,54213,54215],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54210,7845],{"class":67},[61,54212,229],{"class":93},[61,54214,11413],{"class":102},[61,54216,8676],{"class":93},[61,54218,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54220,90],{"class":89},[61,54222,94],{"class":93},[61,54224,7845],{"class":102},[61,54226,664],{"class":93},[61,54228,54229],{"class":116},"  # []\n",[20,54231,143,54232,54234],{},[15,54233,11351],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[47,54236,151,54238,154],{"id":54237},"what-listclear-does",[15,54239,54172],{},[20,54241,54242,1314],{},[15,54243,54172],{},[164,54245,54246,54249,54252,54257],{},[167,54247,54248],{},"Removes every item from a list",[167,54250,54251],{},"Changes the original list in place",[167,54253,54254,54255],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54256,3829],{},[167,54258,54259],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54261,54262,54263,54265],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54264,11351],{},", but it contains no values.",[47,54267,233],{"id":232},[20,54269,54270],{},"Syntax:",[52,54272,54274],{"className":54,"code":54273,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54275,54276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54277,54278,54280,54282,54284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54279,8371],{"class":67},[61,54281,229],{"class":93},[61,54283,11413],{"class":102},[61,54285,8676],{"class":93},[20,54287,11488],{},[164,54289,54290,54293,54296],{},[167,54291,54292],{},"Call it on a list object",[167,54294,54295],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[167,54297,54298],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[47,54300,359],{"id":358},[20,54302,11506],{},[52,54304,54306],{"className":54,"code":54305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54307,54308,54332,54336,54346,54350],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54309,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326,54328,54330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54311,3661],{"class":67},[61,54313,72],{"class":71},[61,54315,1088],{"class":93},[61,54317,2379],{"class":75},[61,54319,106],{"class":93},[61,54321,7825],{"class":75},[61,54323,106],{"class":93},[61,54325,7830],{"class":75},[61,54327,106],{"class":93},[61,54329,50665],{"class":75},[61,54331,1115],{"class":93},[61,54333,54334],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54335,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54337,54338,54340,54342,54344],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54339,3691],{"class":67},[61,54341,229],{"class":93},[61,54343,11413],{"class":102},[61,54345,8676],{"class":93},[61,54347,54348],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,54349,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54351,54352,54354,54356,54358],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,54353,90],{"class":89},[61,54355,94],{"class":93},[61,54357,3691],{"class":102},[61,54359,258],{"class":93},[20,54361,345],{},[52,54363,54364],{"className":54,"code":38325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54365,54366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54367,54368],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54369,38325],{"class":93},[20,54371,11710],{},[164,54373,54374,54379,54385],{},[167,54375,54376,54378],{},[15,54377,3691],{}," starts with four items",[167,54380,54381,54384],{},[15,54382,54383],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[167,54386,54387],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54389,54390,54391,229],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[221,54392,52594],{"href":54393},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[47,54395,17445],{"id":17444},[20,54397,54398,2446,54400,229],{},[15,54399,11351],{},[15,54401,3820],{},[20,54403,40931,54404,52490],{},[3784,54405,4670],{},[52,54407,54409],{"className":54,"code":54408,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54410,54411,54443,54447,54461,54465,54478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54412,54413,54415,54417,54419,54421,54423,54425,54427,54429,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439,54441],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54414,7814],{"class":67},[61,54416,72],{"class":71},[61,54418,1088],{"class":93},[61,54420,1010],{"class":310},[61,54422,221],{"class":314},[61,54424,1010],{"class":310},[61,54426,106],{"class":93},[61,54428,311],{"class":310},[61,54430,1101],{"class":314},[61,54432,1010],{"class":310},[61,54434,106],{"class":93},[61,54436,311],{"class":310},[61,54438,1110],{"class":314},[61,54440,1010],{"class":310},[61,54442,1115],{"class":93},[61,54444,54445],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54446,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54448,54449,54451,54453,54455,54457,54459],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54450,1593],{"class":67},[61,54452,72],{"class":71},[61,54454,6004],{"class":67},[61,54456,229],{"class":93},[61,54458,11413],{"class":102},[61,54460,8676],{"class":93},[61,54462,54463],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,54464,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54466,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,54468,90],{"class":89},[61,54470,94],{"class":93},[61,54472,7845],{"class":102},[61,54474,664],{"class":93},[61,54476,54477],{"class":116},"   # []\n",[61,54479,54480,54482,54484,54486,54488],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,54481,90],{"class":89},[61,54483,94],{"class":93},[61,54485,1620],{"class":102},[61,54487,664],{"class":93},[61,54489,20903],{"class":116},[20,54491,54492],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[52,54494,54496],{"className":54,"code":54495,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54497,54498,54518,54532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54499,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512,54514,54516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54501,7814],{"class":67},[61,54503,72],{"class":71},[61,54505,1088],{"class":93},[61,54507,3035],{"class":75},[61,54509,106],{"class":93},[61,54511,3040],{"class":75},[61,54513,106],{"class":93},[61,54515,1020],{"class":75},[61,54517,1115],{"class":93},[61,54519,54520,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54521,7814],{"class":67},[61,54523,72],{"class":71},[61,54525,6004],{"class":67},[61,54527,229],{"class":93},[61,54529,11413],{"class":102},[61,54531,8676],{"class":93},[61,54533,54534,54536,54538,54540],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54535,90],{"class":89},[61,54537,94],{"class":93},[61,54539,7845],{"class":102},[61,54541,258],{"class":93},[20,54543,11943,54544,42178,54546,54548],{},[15,54545,7845],{},[15,54547,3820],{},", not an empty list.",[47,54550,54552,54554,54555],{"id":54551},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54553,11351],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54556,3829],{},[20,54558,54559],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[52,54561,54562],{"className":54,"code":54273,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,54563,54564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54565,54566,54568,54570,54572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54567,8371],{"class":67},[61,54569,229],{"class":93},[61,54571,11413],{"class":102},[61,54573,8676],{"class":93},[52,54575,54577],{"className":54,"code":54576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n",[15,54578,54579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54580,54581,54583,54585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54582,8340],{"class":67},[61,54584,72],{"class":71},[61,54586,7874],{"class":93},[260,54588,54590,54592],{"id":54589},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54591,11351],{}," empties the same list object",[52,54594,54596],{"className":54,"code":54595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54597,54598,54618,54626,54630,54640,54644,54656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54599,54600,54602,54604,54606,54608,54610,54612,54614,54616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54601,2602],{"class":67},[61,54603,72],{"class":71},[61,54605,1088],{"class":93},[61,54607,3035],{"class":75},[61,54609,106],{"class":93},[61,54611,3040],{"class":75},[61,54613,106],{"class":93},[61,54615,1020],{"class":75},[61,54617,1115],{"class":93},[61,54619,54620,54622,54624],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54621,2630],{"class":67},[61,54623,72],{"class":71},[61,54625,36202],{"class":67},[61,54627,54628],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54629,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54631,54632,54634,54636,54638],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,54633,221],{"class":67},[61,54635,229],{"class":93},[61,54637,11413],{"class":102},[61,54639,8676],{"class":93},[61,54641,54642],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,54643,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54645,54646,54648,54650,54652,54654],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,54647,90],{"class":89},[61,54649,94],{"class":93},[61,54651,221],{"class":102},[61,54653,664],{"class":93},[61,54655,54229],{"class":116},[61,54657,54658,54660,54662,54664,54666],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,54659,90],{"class":89},[61,54661,94],{"class":93},[61,54663,1101],{"class":102},[61,54665,664],{"class":93},[61,54667,54229],{"class":116},[20,54669,746,54670,749,54672,54674],{},[15,54671,221],{},[15,54673,1101],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[260,54676,54678,54681],{"id":54677},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54679,54680],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[52,54683,54685],{"className":54,"code":54684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54686,54687,54707,54715,54719,54727,54731,54743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54688,54689,54691,54693,54695,54697,54699,54701,54703,54705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54690,2602],{"class":67},[61,54692,72],{"class":71},[61,54694,1088],{"class":93},[61,54696,3035],{"class":75},[61,54698,106],{"class":93},[61,54700,3040],{"class":75},[61,54702,106],{"class":93},[61,54704,1020],{"class":75},[61,54706,1115],{"class":93},[61,54708,54709,54711,54713],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54710,2630],{"class":67},[61,54712,72],{"class":71},[61,54714,36202],{"class":67},[61,54716,54717],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54718,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54720,54721,54723,54725],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,54722,2602],{"class":67},[61,54724,72],{"class":71},[61,54726,7874],{"class":93},[61,54728,54729],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,54730,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54732,54733,54735,54737,54739,54741],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,54734,90],{"class":89},[61,54736,94],{"class":93},[61,54738,221],{"class":102},[61,54740,664],{"class":93},[61,54742,54229],{"class":116},[61,54744,54745,54747,54749,54751,54753],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,54746,90],{"class":89},[61,54748,94],{"class":93},[61,54750,1101],{"class":102},[61,54752,664],{"class":93},[61,54754,54755],{"class":116},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54757,20798,54758,54760,54761,54763],{},[15,54759,221],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54762,1101],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54765,54766],{},"This difference matters when:",[164,54768,54769,54772,54775],{},[167,54770,54771],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[167,54773,54774],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[167,54776,54777],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54779,54780,54781,229],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[221,54782,54784,54785,10770],{"href":54783},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54786,12803],{},[47,54788,5001,54789],{"id":12464},[15,54790,11351],{},[20,54792,143,54793,6357],{},[15,54794,11351],{},[164,54796,54797,54800,54803],{},[167,54798,54799],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[167,54801,54802],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[167,54804,54805],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54807,295],{},[52,54809,54811],{"className":54,"code":54810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54812,54813,54849,54853,54858,54869,54873],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54814,54815,54818,54820,54822,54824,54827,54829,54831,54833,54836,54838,54840,54842,54845,54847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54816,54817],{"class":67},"shopping_cart ",[61,54819,72],{"class":71},[61,54821,1088],{"class":93},[61,54823,1010],{"class":310},[61,54825,54826],{"class":314},"milk",[61,54828,1010],{"class":310},[61,54830,106],{"class":93},[61,54832,311],{"class":310},[61,54834,54835],{"class":314},"bread",[61,54837,1010],{"class":310},[61,54839,106],{"class":93},[61,54841,311],{"class":310},[61,54843,54844],{"class":314},"eggs",[61,54846,1010],{"class":310},[61,54848,1115],{"class":93},[61,54850,54851],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54852,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54854,54855],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54856,54857],{"class":116},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[61,54859,54860,54863,54865,54867],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,54861,54862],{"class":67},"shopping_cart",[61,54864,229],{"class":93},[61,54866,11413],{"class":102},[61,54868,8676],{"class":93},[61,54870,54871],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,54872,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54874,54875,54877,54879,54881,54883],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,54876,90],{"class":89},[61,54878,94],{"class":93},[61,54880,54862],{"class":102},[61,54882,664],{"class":93},[61,54884,54229],{"class":116},[20,54886,54887,54888,54892,54893,54899,54900,229],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[221,54889,54891],{"href":54890},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[221,54894,54896,10770],{"href":54895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54897,54898],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[221,54901,54903,10770],{"href":54902},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54904,54905],{},"list.pop()",[47,54907,1387],{"id":1386},[260,54909,54911,54912,1395,54915],{"id":54910},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54913,54914],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54916,54917],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54919,54920],{},"This does not call the method.",[52,54922,54924],{"className":54,"code":54923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54925,54926,54946,54950,54959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54927,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936,54938,54940,54942,54944],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54929,7814],{"class":67},[61,54931,72],{"class":71},[61,54933,1088],{"class":93},[61,54935,3035],{"class":75},[61,54937,106],{"class":93},[61,54939,3040],{"class":75},[61,54941,106],{"class":93},[61,54943,1020],{"class":75},[61,54945,1115],{"class":93},[61,54947,54948],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,54949,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,54951,54952,54954,54956],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,54953,7845],{"class":67},[61,54955,229],{"class":93},[61,54957,54958],{"class":24778},"clear\n",[61,54960,54961,54963,54965,54967],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,54962,90],{"class":89},[61,54964,94],{"class":93},[61,54966,7845],{"class":102},[61,54968,258],{"class":93},[20,54970,345],{},[52,54972,54974],{"className":54,"code":54973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54975,54976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54977,54978,54980,54982,54984,54986,54988,54990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54979,1356],{"class":93},[61,54981,3035],{"class":75},[61,54983,106],{"class":93},[61,54985,3040],{"class":75},[61,54987,106],{"class":93},[61,54989,1020],{"class":75},[61,54991,1115],{"class":93},[20,54993,54994],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54996,10837],{},[52,54998,55000],{"className":54,"code":54999,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55001,55002,55022,55026,55036],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55003,55004,55006,55008,55010,55012,55014,55016,55018,55020],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55005,7814],{"class":67},[61,55007,72],{"class":71},[61,55009,1088],{"class":93},[61,55011,3035],{"class":75},[61,55013,106],{"class":93},[61,55015,3040],{"class":75},[61,55017,106],{"class":93},[61,55019,1020],{"class":75},[61,55021,1115],{"class":93},[61,55023,55024],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55025,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55027,55028,55030,55032,55034],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,55029,7845],{"class":67},[61,55031,229],{"class":93},[61,55033,11413],{"class":102},[61,55035,8676],{"class":93},[61,55037,55038,55040,55042,55044,55046],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,55039,90],{"class":89},[61,55041,94],{"class":93},[61,55043,7845],{"class":102},[61,55045,664],{"class":93},[61,55047,54229],{"class":116},[260,55049,8485,55051,55053],{"id":55050},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55052,11351],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55055,55056,2446,55058,55060],{},[15,55057,11351],{},[15,55059,3820],{},", not the list.",[52,55062,55064],{"className":54,"code":55063,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55065,55066,55086,55100,55104,55116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55067,55068,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078,55080,55082,55084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55069,7814],{"class":67},[61,55071,72],{"class":71},[61,55073,1088],{"class":93},[61,55075,3035],{"class":75},[61,55077,106],{"class":93},[61,55079,3040],{"class":75},[61,55081,106],{"class":93},[61,55083,1020],{"class":75},[61,55085,1115],{"class":93},[61,55087,55088,55090,55092,55094,55096,55098],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55089,1593],{"class":67},[61,55091,72],{"class":71},[61,55093,6004],{"class":67},[61,55095,229],{"class":93},[61,55097,11413],{"class":102},[61,55099,8676],{"class":93},[61,55101,55102],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,55103,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55105,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,55107,90],{"class":89},[61,55109,94],{"class":93},[61,55111,1620],{"class":102},[61,55113,664],{"class":93},[61,55115,20903],{"class":116},[61,55117,55118,55120,55122,55124,55126],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,55119,90],{"class":89},[61,55121,94],{"class":93},[61,55123,7845],{"class":102},[61,55125,664],{"class":93},[61,55127,54477],{"class":116},[260,55129,8449,55131,55133],{"id":55130},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55132,11351],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55135,55136,55137,55139],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55138,11351],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55141,55142],{},"This will fail:",[52,55144,55146],{"className":54,"code":55145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55147,55148,55160],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55149,55150,55152,55154,55156,55158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55151,450],{"class":67},[61,55153,72],{"class":71},[61,55155,311],{"class":310},[61,55157,457],{"class":314},[61,55159,318],{"class":310},[61,55161,55162,55164,55166,55168],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55163,476],{"class":67},[61,55165,229],{"class":93},[61,55167,11413],{"class":102},[61,55169,8676],{"class":93},[20,55171,55172,55173,33630],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55174,11351],{},[20,55176,55177,55178,55180],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55179,3820],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55182,55183],{},"Useful checks:",[52,55185,55187],{"className":54,"code":55186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55188,55189,55199,55213,55227,55236,55246],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55190,55191,55193,55195,55197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55192,90],{"class":89},[61,55194,94],{"class":93},[61,55196,8371],{"class":102},[61,55198,258],{"class":93},[61,55200,55201,55203,55205,55207,55209,55211],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55202,90],{"class":89},[61,55204,94],{"class":93},[61,55206,657],{"class":109},[61,55208,94],{"class":93},[61,55210,8371],{"class":102},[61,55212,342],{"class":93},[61,55214,55215,55217,55219,55221,55223,55225],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,55216,90],{"class":89},[61,55218,94],{"class":93},[61,55220,12676],{"class":89},[61,55222,94],{"class":93},[61,55224,8371],{"class":102},[61,55226,342],{"class":93},[61,55228,55229,55231,55233],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,55230,43572],{"class":67},[61,55232,72],{"class":71},[61,55234,55235],{"class":67}," my_list\n",[61,55237,55238,55240,55242,55244],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,55239,8371],{"class":67},[61,55241,229],{"class":93},[61,55243,11413],{"class":102},[61,55245,8676],{"class":93},[61,55247,55248,55250,55252,55254],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,55249,90],{"class":89},[61,55251,94],{"class":93},[61,55253,30771],{"class":102},[61,55255,258],{"class":93},[20,55257,55258],{},"These can help you see:",[164,55260,55261,55264,55267],{},[167,55262,55263],{},"What the variable currently contains",[167,55265,55266],{},"Whether it is really a list",[167,55268,55269],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55271,55272,55273,229],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[221,55274,55275],{"href":54119},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[47,55277,1879],{"id":1878},[260,55279,1928,55281,55283],{"id":55280},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55282,54172],{}," delete the list?",[20,55285,55286],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[260,55288,1928,55290,55292],{"id":55289},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55291,54172],{}," return a new list?",[20,55294,55295,55296,55298],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55297,3820],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[260,55300,1911,55302,749,55304,1916],{"id":55301},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55303,11351],{},[15,55305,54680],{},[20,55307,55308,55310,55311,55313],{},[15,55309,11351],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55312,54680],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[260,55315,28355,55317,55319],{"id":55316},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55318,11351],{}," on other types?",[20,55321,55322,55323,55325],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55324,11351],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[47,55327,1938],{"id":1937},[164,55329,55330,55334,55339,55346,55353,55359],{},[167,55331,55332],{},[221,55333,52594],{"href":54393},[167,55335,55336],{},[221,55337,55338],{"href":54890},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[167,55340,55341],{},[221,55342,55343,55344,10770],{"href":54902},"Python list ",[15,55345,12789],{},[167,55347,55348],{},[221,55349,55343,55350,10770],{"href":54895},[15,55351,55352],{},"remove()",[167,55354,55355],{},[221,55356,55343,55357,10770],{"href":54783},[15,55358,12803],{},[167,55360,55361],{},[221,55362,30375,55363,33663],{"href":54119},[15,55364,55365],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1969,55367,55368],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":55370},[55371,55372,55374,55375,55376,55377,55384,55385,55393,55403],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":54237,"depth":79,"text":55373},"What list.clear() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":54551,"depth":79,"text":55378,"children":55379},"clear() vs assigning []",[55380,55382],{"id":54589,"depth":86,"text":55381},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54677,"depth":86,"text":55383},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12464,"depth":79,"text":12835},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":55386},[55387,55389,55391],{"id":54910,"depth":86,"text":55388},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55050,"depth":86,"text":55390},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55130,"depth":86,"text":55392},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":55394},[55395,55397,55399,55401],{"id":55280,"depth":86,"text":55396},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55289,"depth":86,"text":55398},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55301,"depth":86,"text":55400},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55316,"depth":86,"text":55402},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54159,"description":55404},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55411,"title":55412,"body":55413,"description":57098,"extension":2017,"meta":57099,"navigation":82,"path":57100,"seo":57101,"stem":57102,"__hash__":57103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55414,"toc":57066},[55415,55420,55426,55434,55436,55525,55532,55537,55541,55555,55557,55634,55636,55697,55700,55702,55704,55725,55728,55742,55745,55790,55792,55800,55803,55809,55815,55818,55895,55897,55942,55945,55950,56033,56035,56076,56081,56085,56091,56093,56101,56104,56197,56199,56257,56260,56276,56281,56291,56296,56298,56303,56308,56311,56313,56370,56373,56426,56432,56437,56441,56458,56460,56544,56546,56587,56595,56597,56602,56608,56610,56673,56678,56748,56752,56787,56790,56792,56831,56835,56911,56917,56923,56928,56950,56953,56972,56980,56982,56988,56991,56998,57006,57011,57014,57018,57024,57032,57035,57037,57063],[10,55416,54165,55418,11352],{"id":55417},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55419,12803],{},[20,55421,55422,55425],{},[15,55423,55424],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55427,55428,55429,14080,55431,55433],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55430,72],{},[3784,55432,4670],{}," make a real copy.",[47,55435,2059],{"id":2058},[52,55437,55439],{"className":54,"code":55438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55440,55441,55461,55476,55480,55495,55499,55512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55442,55443,55445,55447,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55444,3661],{"class":67},[61,55446,72],{"class":71},[61,55448,1088],{"class":93},[61,55450,3035],{"class":75},[61,55452,106],{"class":93},[61,55454,3040],{"class":75},[61,55456,106],{"class":93},[61,55458,1020],{"class":75},[61,55460,1115],{"class":93},[61,55462,55463,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55464,55465],{"class":67},"new_numbers ",[61,55467,72],{"class":71},[61,55469,4303],{"class":67},[61,55471,229],{"class":93},[61,55473,12937],{"class":102},[61,55475,8676],{"class":93},[61,55477,55478],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,55479,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55481,55482,55485,55487,55489,55491,55493],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,55483,55484],{"class":67},"new_numbers",[61,55486,229],{"class":93},[61,55488,13580],{"class":102},[61,55490,94],{"class":93},[61,55492,2552],{"class":75},[61,55494,258],{"class":93},[61,55496,55497],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,55498,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55500,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,55502,90],{"class":89},[61,55504,94],{"class":93},[61,55506,3691],{"class":102},[61,55508,664],{"class":93},[61,55510,55511],{"class":116},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,55513,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,55515,90],{"class":89},[61,55517,94],{"class":93},[61,55519,55484],{"class":102},[61,55521,664],{"class":93},[61,55523,55524],{"class":116},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55526,143,55527,55529,55530,229],{},[15,55528,55424],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3784,55531,12877],{},[47,55533,151,55535,154],{"id":55534},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55536,55424],{},[20,55538,55539,1314],{},[15,55540,55424],{},[164,55542,55543,55546,55549,55552],{},[167,55544,55545],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[167,55547,55548],{},"Returns that new list",[167,55550,55551],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[167,55553,55554],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55556,295],{},[52,55558,55560],{"className":54,"code":55559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55561,55562,55594,55609,55613,55623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55563,55564,55566,55568,55570,55572,55574,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588,55590,55592],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55565,36266],{"class":67},[61,55567,72],{"class":71},[61,55569,1088],{"class":93},[61,55571,1010],{"class":310},[61,55573,4118],{"class":314},[61,55575,1010],{"class":310},[61,55577,106],{"class":93},[61,55579,311],{"class":310},[61,55581,4127],{"class":314},[61,55583,1010],{"class":310},[61,55585,106],{"class":93},[61,55587,311],{"class":310},[61,55589,33250],{"class":314},[61,55591,1010],{"class":310},[61,55593,1115],{"class":93},[61,55595,55596,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55597,55598],{"class":67},"copied_fruits ",[61,55600,72],{"class":71},[61,55602,52674],{"class":67},[61,55604,229],{"class":93},[61,55606,12937],{"class":102},[61,55608,8676],{"class":93},[61,55610,55611],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,55612,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55614,55615,55617,55619,55621],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,55616,90],{"class":89},[61,55618,94],{"class":93},[61,55620,36318],{"class":102},[61,55622,258],{"class":93},[61,55624,55625,55627,55629,55632],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,55626,90],{"class":89},[61,55628,94],{"class":93},[61,55630,55631],{"class":102},"copied_fruits",[61,55633,258],{"class":93},[20,55635,345],{},[52,55637,55639],{"className":54,"code":55638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55640,55641,55669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55642,55643,55645,55647,55649,55651,55653,55655,55657,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55644,1356],{"class":93},[61,55646,3348],{"class":310},[61,55648,4118],{"class":314},[61,55650,3348],{"class":310},[61,55652,106],{"class":93},[61,55654,3343],{"class":310},[61,55656,4127],{"class":314},[61,55658,3348],{"class":310},[61,55660,106],{"class":93},[61,55662,3343],{"class":310},[61,55664,33250],{"class":314},[61,55666,3348],{"class":310},[61,55668,1115],{"class":93},[61,55670,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687,55689,55691,55693,55695],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55672,1356],{"class":93},[61,55674,3348],{"class":310},[61,55676,4118],{"class":314},[61,55678,3348],{"class":310},[61,55680,106],{"class":93},[61,55682,3343],{"class":310},[61,55684,4127],{"class":314},[61,55686,3348],{"class":310},[61,55688,106],{"class":93},[61,55690,3343],{"class":310},[61,55692,33250],{"class":314},[61,55694,3348],{"class":310},[61,55696,1115],{"class":93},[20,55698,55699],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[47,55701,233],{"id":232},[20,55703,236],{},[52,55705,55707],{"className":54,"code":55706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55708,55709],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55710,55711,55714,55716,55719,55721,55723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55712,55713],{"class":67},"new_list ",[61,55715,72],{"class":71},[61,55717,55718],{"class":67}," old_list",[61,55720,229],{"class":93},[61,55722,12937],{"class":102},[61,55724,8676],{"class":93},[20,55726,55727],{},"How it works:",[164,55729,55730,55736,55739],{},[167,55731,55732,55733,55735],{},"Call ",[15,55734,12803],{}," on an existing list",[167,55737,55738],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[167,55740,55741],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55743,55744],{},"Example with an empty list:",[52,55746,55748],{"className":54,"code":55747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55749,55750,55759,55775,55779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55751,55752,55755,55757],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55753,55754],{"class":67},"empty_list ",[61,55756,72],{"class":71},[61,55758,7874],{"class":93},[61,55760,55761,55764,55766,55769,55771,55773],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55762,55763],{"class":67},"new_empty_list ",[61,55765,72],{"class":71},[61,55767,55768],{"class":67}," empty_list",[61,55770,229],{"class":93},[61,55772,12937],{"class":102},[61,55774,8676],{"class":93},[61,55776,55777],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,55778,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55780,55781,55783,55785,55788],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,55782,90],{"class":89},[61,55784,94],{"class":93},[61,55786,55787],{"class":102},"new_empty_list",[61,55789,258],{"class":93},[20,55791,345],{},[52,55793,55794],{"className":54,"code":38325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,55795,55796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55797,55798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55799,38325],{"class":93},[20,55801,55802],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[47,55804,55806,55807],{"id":55805},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55808,72],{},[20,55810,8449,55811,14080,55813,52490],{},[15,55812,72],{},[3784,55814,4670],{},[20,55816,55817],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[52,55819,55821],{"className":54,"code":55820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55822,55823,55843,55852,55856,55871,55875,55885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55824,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55826,3661],{"class":67},[61,55828,72],{"class":71},[61,55830,1088],{"class":93},[61,55832,3035],{"class":75},[61,55834,106],{"class":93},[61,55836,3040],{"class":75},[61,55838,106],{"class":93},[61,55840,1020],{"class":75},[61,55842,1115],{"class":93},[61,55844,55845,55848,55850],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55846,55847],{"class":67},"same_list ",[61,55849,72],{"class":71},[61,55851,44003],{"class":67},[61,55853,55854],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,55855,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55857,55858,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,55859,55860],{"class":67},"same_list",[61,55862,229],{"class":93},[61,55864,13580],{"class":102},[61,55866,94],{"class":93},[61,55868,2552],{"class":75},[61,55870,258],{"class":93},[61,55872,55873],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,55874,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55876,55877,55879,55881,55883],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,55878,90],{"class":89},[61,55880,94],{"class":93},[61,55882,3691],{"class":102},[61,55884,258],{"class":93},[61,55886,55887,55889,55891,55893],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,55888,90],{"class":89},[61,55890,94],{"class":93},[61,55892,55860],{"class":102},[61,55894,258],{"class":93},[20,55896,345],{},[52,55898,55900],{"className":54,"code":55899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55901,55902,55922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55903,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55905,1356],{"class":93},[61,55907,3035],{"class":75},[61,55909,106],{"class":93},[61,55911,3040],{"class":75},[61,55913,106],{"class":93},[61,55915,1020],{"class":75},[61,55917,106],{"class":93},[61,55919,2505],{"class":75},[61,55921,1115],{"class":93},[61,55923,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55925,1356],{"class":93},[61,55927,3035],{"class":75},[61,55929,106],{"class":93},[61,55931,3040],{"class":75},[61,55933,106],{"class":93},[61,55935,1020],{"class":75},[61,55937,106],{"class":93},[61,55939,2505],{"class":75},[61,55941,1115],{"class":93},[20,55943,55944],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55946,55947,55948,1314],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55949,12803],{},[52,55951,55953],{"className":54,"code":55952,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55954,55955,55975,55990,55994,56009,56013,56023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55956,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55958,3661],{"class":67},[61,55960,72],{"class":71},[61,55962,1088],{"class":93},[61,55964,3035],{"class":75},[61,55966,106],{"class":93},[61,55968,3040],{"class":75},[61,55970,106],{"class":93},[61,55972,1020],{"class":75},[61,55974,1115],{"class":93},[61,55976,55977,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,55978,55979],{"class":67},"copied_numbers ",[61,55981,72],{"class":71},[61,55983,4303],{"class":67},[61,55985,229],{"class":93},[61,55987,12937],{"class":102},[61,55989,8676],{"class":93},[61,55991,55992],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,55993,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,55995,55996,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,55997,55998],{"class":67},"copied_numbers",[61,56000,229],{"class":93},[61,56002,13580],{"class":102},[61,56004,94],{"class":93},[61,56006,2552],{"class":75},[61,56008,258],{"class":93},[61,56010,56011],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,56012,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56014,56015,56017,56019,56021],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,56016,90],{"class":89},[61,56018,94],{"class":93},[61,56020,3691],{"class":102},[61,56022,258],{"class":93},[61,56024,56025,56027,56029,56031],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,56026,90],{"class":89},[61,56028,94],{"class":93},[61,56030,55998],{"class":102},[61,56032,258],{"class":93},[20,56034,345],{},[52,56036,56038],{"className":54,"code":56037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56039,56040,56056],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56041,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56043,1356],{"class":93},[61,56045,3035],{"class":75},[61,56047,106],{"class":93},[61,56049,3040],{"class":75},[61,56051,106],{"class":93},[61,56053,1020],{"class":75},[61,56055,1115],{"class":93},[61,56057,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56059,1356],{"class":93},[61,56061,3035],{"class":75},[61,56063,106],{"class":93},[61,56065,3040],{"class":75},[61,56067,106],{"class":93},[61,56069,1020],{"class":75},[61,56071,106],{"class":93},[61,56073,2505],{"class":75},[61,56075,1115],{"class":93},[20,56077,56078,56079,229],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[221,56080,52594],{"href":50801},[47,56082,56084],{"id":56083},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56086,56087,12874,56089,229],{},[15,56088,55424],{},[3784,56090,12877],{},[20,56092,2162],{},[164,56094,56095,56098],{},[167,56096,56097],{},"The outer list is new",[167,56099,56100],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56102,56103],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[52,56105,56107],{"className":54,"code":56106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56108,56109,56136,56150,56154,56173,56177,56187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56110,56111,56113,56115,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56112,12113],{"class":67},[61,56114,72],{"class":71},[61,56116,56117],{"class":93}," [[",[61,56119,3035],{"class":75},[61,56121,106],{"class":93},[61,56123,3040],{"class":75},[61,56125,18089],{"class":93},[61,56127,1088],{"class":93},[61,56129,1046],{"class":75},[61,56131,106],{"class":93},[61,56133,2505],{"class":75},[61,56135,53065],{"class":93},[61,56137,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56139,14338],{"class":67},[61,56141,72],{"class":71},[61,56143,12188],{"class":67},[61,56145,229],{"class":93},[61,56147,12937],{"class":102},[61,56149,8676],{"class":93},[61,56151,56152],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,56153,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56155,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56171],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,56157,14357],{"class":67},[61,56159,1356],{"class":93},[61,56161,2175],{"class":75},[61,56163,13577],{"class":93},[61,56165,13580],{"class":102},[61,56167,94],{"class":93},[61,56169,56170],{"class":75},"99",[61,56172,258],{"class":93},[61,56174,56175],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,56176,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56178,56179,56181,56183,56185],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,56180,90],{"class":89},[61,56182,94],{"class":93},[61,56184,12160],{"class":102},[61,56186,258],{"class":93},[61,56188,56189,56191,56193,56195],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,56190,90],{"class":89},[61,56192,94],{"class":93},[61,56194,14357],{"class":102},[61,56196,258],{"class":93},[20,56198,345],{},[52,56200,56202],{"className":54,"code":56201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56203,56204,56231],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56205,56206,56209,56211,56213,56215,56217,56219,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56207,56208],{"class":93},"[[",[61,56210,3035],{"class":75},[61,56212,106],{"class":93},[61,56214,3040],{"class":75},[61,56216,106],{"class":93},[61,56218,10228],{"class":75},[61,56220,18089],{"class":93},[61,56222,1088],{"class":93},[61,56224,1046],{"class":75},[61,56226,106],{"class":93},[61,56228,2505],{"class":75},[61,56230,53065],{"class":93},[61,56232,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56234,56208],{"class":93},[61,56236,3035],{"class":75},[61,56238,106],{"class":93},[61,56240,3040],{"class":75},[61,56242,106],{"class":93},[61,56244,10228],{"class":75},[61,56246,18089],{"class":93},[61,56248,1088],{"class":93},[61,56250,1046],{"class":75},[61,56252,106],{"class":93},[61,56254,2505],{"class":75},[61,56256,53065],{"class":93},[20,56258,56259],{},"Why did both change?",[164,56261,56262,56269],{},[167,56263,56264,749,56266,56268],{},[15,56265,12160],{},[15,56267,14357],{}," are different outer lists",[167,56270,56271,56272,56275],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56273,56274],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56277,53476,56278,56280],{},[15,56279,12803],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[164,56282,56283,56286,56289],{},[167,56284,56285],{},"Numbers",[167,56287,56288],{},"Strings",[167,56290,40621],{},[20,56292,56293,56294,229],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[221,56295,13817],{"href":13816},[47,56297,17445],{"id":17444},[20,56299,56300,56302],{},[15,56301,55424],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56304,40931,56305,56307],{},[3784,56306,4670],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56309,56310],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56312,1443],{},[52,56314,56316],{"className":54,"code":56315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56317,56318,56342,56356,56360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56319,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56321,13102],{"class":67},[61,56323,72],{"class":71},[61,56325,1088],{"class":93},[61,56327,1010],{"class":310},[61,56329,13119],{"class":314},[61,56331,1010],{"class":310},[61,56333,106],{"class":93},[61,56335,311],{"class":310},[61,56337,13136],{"class":314},[61,56339,1010],{"class":310},[61,56341,1115],{"class":93},[61,56343,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56345,13145],{"class":67},[61,56347,72],{"class":71},[61,56349,13150],{"class":67},[61,56351,229],{"class":93},[61,56353,12937],{"class":102},[61,56355,8676],{"class":93},[61,56357,56358],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,56359,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56361,56362,56364,56366,56368],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,56363,90],{"class":89},[61,56365,94],{"class":93},[61,56367,13169],{"class":102},[61,56369,258],{"class":93},[20,56371,56372],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[52,56374,56376],{"className":54,"code":56375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56377,56378,56402,56412,56416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56379,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56381,13102],{"class":67},[61,56383,72],{"class":71},[61,56385,1088],{"class":93},[61,56387,1010],{"class":310},[61,56389,13119],{"class":314},[61,56391,1010],{"class":310},[61,56393,106],{"class":93},[61,56395,311],{"class":310},[61,56397,13136],{"class":314},[61,56399,1010],{"class":310},[61,56401,1115],{"class":93},[61,56403,56404,56406,56408,56410],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56405,17529],{"class":67},[61,56407,229],{"class":93},[61,56409,12937],{"class":102},[61,56411,8676],{"class":93},[61,56413,56414],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,56415,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56417,56418,56420,56422,56424],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,56419,90],{"class":89},[61,56421,94],{"class":93},[61,56423,17529],{"class":102},[61,56425,258],{"class":93},[20,56427,56428,56429,56431],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56430,12803],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[47,56433,5001,56435],{"id":56434},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56436,55424],{},[20,56438,143,56439,10630],{},[15,56440,55424],{},[164,56442,56443,56446,56449,56452],{},[167,56444,56445],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[167,56447,56448],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[167,56450,56451],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[167,56453,56454,56455],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56456,56457],{},"[:]",[20,56459,295],{},[52,56461,56463],{"className":54,"code":56462,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56464,56465,56485,56500,56504,56519,56523,56533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56466,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481,56483],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56468,5104],{"class":67},[61,56470,72],{"class":71},[61,56472,1088],{"class":93},[61,56474,2379],{"class":75},[61,56476,106],{"class":93},[61,56478,7825],{"class":75},[61,56480,106],{"class":93},[61,56482,7830],{"class":75},[61,56484,1115],{"class":93},[61,56486,56487,56490,56492,56494,56496,56498],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56488,56489],{"class":67},"backup_scores ",[61,56491,72],{"class":71},[61,56493,5151],{"class":67},[61,56495,229],{"class":93},[61,56497,12937],{"class":102},[61,56499,8676],{"class":93},[61,56501,56502],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,56503,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56505,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514,56517],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,56507,16417],{"class":67},[61,56509,229],{"class":93},[61,56511,13580],{"class":102},[61,56513,94],{"class":93},[61,56515,56516],{"class":75},"40",[61,56518,258],{"class":93},[61,56520,56521],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,56522,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56524,56525,56527,56529,56531],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,56526,90],{"class":89},[61,56528,94],{"class":93},[61,56530,16417],{"class":102},[61,56532,258],{"class":93},[61,56534,56535,56537,56539,56542],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,56536,90],{"class":89},[61,56538,94],{"class":93},[61,56540,56541],{"class":102},"backup_scores",[61,56543,258],{"class":93},[20,56545,345],{},[52,56547,56549],{"className":54,"code":56548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56550,56551,56571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56552,56553,56555,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56554,1356],{"class":93},[61,56556,2379],{"class":75},[61,56558,106],{"class":93},[61,56560,7825],{"class":75},[61,56562,106],{"class":93},[61,56564,7830],{"class":75},[61,56566,106],{"class":93},[61,56568,50665],{"class":75},[61,56570,1115],{"class":93},[61,56572,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56574,1356],{"class":93},[61,56576,2379],{"class":75},[61,56578,106],{"class":93},[61,56580,7825],{"class":75},[61,56582,106],{"class":93},[61,56584,7830],{"class":75},[61,56586,1115],{"class":93},[20,56588,56589,56590,229],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[221,56591,55343,56593,10770],{"href":56592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56594,52475],{},[47,56596,1387],{"id":1386},[20,56598,56599,56600,229],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56601,55424],{},[260,56603,8449,56605,56607],{"id":56604},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56606,72],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56609,39227],{},[52,56611,56613],{"className":54,"code":56612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56614,56615,56635,56643,56657,56661],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56616,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56618,2602],{"class":67},[61,56620,72],{"class":71},[61,56622,1088],{"class":93},[61,56624,3035],{"class":75},[61,56626,106],{"class":93},[61,56628,3040],{"class":75},[61,56630,106],{"class":93},[61,56632,1020],{"class":75},[61,56634,1115],{"class":93},[61,56636,56637,56639,56641],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56638,2630],{"class":67},[61,56640,72],{"class":71},[61,56642,36202],{"class":67},[61,56644,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,56646,1101],{"class":67},[61,56648,229],{"class":93},[61,56650,13580],{"class":102},[61,56652,94],{"class":93},[61,56654,2552],{"class":75},[61,56656,258],{"class":93},[61,56658,56659],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,56660,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56662,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,56664,90],{"class":89},[61,56666,94],{"class":93},[61,56668,221],{"class":102},[61,56670,664],{"class":93},[61,56672,55524],{"class":116},[20,56674,56675,56676,1649],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56677,12803],{},[52,56679,56681],{"className":54,"code":56680,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56682,56683,56703,56718,56732,56736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56684,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56686,2602],{"class":67},[61,56688,72],{"class":71},[61,56690,1088],{"class":93},[61,56692,3035],{"class":75},[61,56694,106],{"class":93},[61,56696,3040],{"class":75},[61,56698,106],{"class":93},[61,56700,1020],{"class":75},[61,56702,1115],{"class":93},[61,56704,56705,56707,56709,56712,56714,56716],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56706,2630],{"class":67},[61,56708,72],{"class":71},[61,56710,56711],{"class":67}," a",[61,56713,229],{"class":93},[61,56715,12937],{"class":102},[61,56717,8676],{"class":93},[61,56719,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,56721,1101],{"class":67},[61,56723,229],{"class":93},[61,56725,13580],{"class":102},[61,56727,94],{"class":93},[61,56729,2552],{"class":75},[61,56731,258],{"class":93},[61,56733,56734],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,56735,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56737,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,56739,90],{"class":89},[61,56741,94],{"class":93},[61,56743,221],{"class":102},[61,56745,664],{"class":93},[61,56747,54755],{"class":116},[260,56749,56751],{"id":56750},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[52,56753,56755],{"className":54,"code":56754,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56756,56757,56777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56758,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56760,3661],{"class":67},[61,56762,72],{"class":71},[61,56764,1088],{"class":93},[61,56766,3035],{"class":75},[61,56768,106],{"class":93},[61,56770,3040],{"class":75},[61,56772,106],{"class":93},[61,56774,1020],{"class":75},[61,56776,1115],{"class":93},[61,56778,56779,56781,56783,56785],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56780,3691],{"class":67},[61,56782,229],{"class":93},[61,56784,12937],{"class":102},[61,56786,8676],{"class":93},[20,56788,56789],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56791,39290],{},[52,56793,56795],{"className":54,"code":56794,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56796,56797,56817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56798,56799,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809,56811,56813,56815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56800,3661],{"class":67},[61,56802,72],{"class":71},[61,56804,1088],{"class":93},[61,56806,3035],{"class":75},[61,56808,106],{"class":93},[61,56810,3040],{"class":75},[61,56812,106],{"class":93},[61,56814,1020],{"class":75},[61,56816,1115],{"class":93},[61,56818,56819,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56820,55979],{"class":67},[61,56822,72],{"class":71},[61,56824,4303],{"class":67},[61,56826,229],{"class":93},[61,56828,12937],{"class":102},[61,56830,8676],{"class":93},[260,56832,56834],{"id":56833},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[52,56836,56838],{"className":54,"code":56837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56839,56840,56858,56872,56876,56894,56898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56841,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56843,2602],{"class":67},[61,56845,72],{"class":71},[61,56847,56117],{"class":93},[61,56849,3035],{"class":75},[61,56851,18089],{"class":93},[61,56853,1088],{"class":93},[61,56855,2113],{"class":75},[61,56857,53065],{"class":93},[61,56859,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56861,2630],{"class":67},[61,56863,72],{"class":71},[61,56865,56711],{"class":67},[61,56867,229],{"class":93},[61,56869,12937],{"class":102},[61,56871,8676],{"class":93},[61,56873,56874],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,56875,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56877,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890,56892],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,56879,1101],{"class":67},[61,56881,1356],{"class":93},[61,56883,2175],{"class":75},[61,56885,13577],{"class":93},[61,56887,13580],{"class":102},[61,56889,94],{"class":93},[61,56891,56170],{"class":75},[61,56893,258],{"class":93},[61,56895,56896],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,56897,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,56899,56900,56902,56904,56906,56908],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,56901,90],{"class":89},[61,56903,94],{"class":93},[61,56905,221],{"class":102},[61,56907,664],{"class":93},[61,56909,56910],{"class":116},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56912,56913,56914,56916],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56915,55424],{}," is shallow.",[260,56918,25645,56920,56922],{"id":56919},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56921,12803],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56924,56925,56927],{},[15,56926,12803],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[52,56929,56931],{"className":54,"code":56930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56932,56933,56945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56934,56935,56937,56939,56941,56943],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56936,305],{"class":67},[61,56938,72],{"class":71},[61,56940,311],{"class":310},[61,56942,5044],{"class":314},[61,56944,318],{"class":310},[61,56946,56947],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,56948,56949],{"class":116},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56951,56952],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[52,56954,56956],{"className":54,"code":56955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56957,56958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56959,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56961,90],{"class":89},[61,56963,94],{"class":93},[61,56965,657],{"class":109},[61,56967,94],{"class":93},[61,56969,335],{"class":102},[61,56971,342],{"class":93},[20,56973,56974,56975,56979],{},"You can also review ",[221,56976,56978],{"href":56977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[47,56981,1879],{"id":1878},[260,56983,1928,56985,56987],{"id":56984},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56986,55424],{}," change the original list?",[20,56989,56990],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[260,56992,1911,56994,749,56996,1916],{"id":56993},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56995,55424],{},[15,56997,72],{},[20,56999,57000,57002,57003,57005],{},[15,57001,12803],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57004,72],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[260,57007,14930,57009,14933],{"id":57008},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57010,55424],{},[20,57012,57013],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[260,57015,57017],{"id":57016},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57019,42175,57020,57023],{},[15,57021,57022],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[260,57025,14930,57027,57029,57030,1916],{"id":57026},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57028,55424],{}," the same as ",[15,57031,56457],{},[20,57033,57034],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[47,57036,1938],{"id":1937},[164,57038,57039,57044,57048,57053,57059],{},[167,57040,57041],{},[221,57042,14992],{"href":57043},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[167,57045,57046],{},[221,57047,52594],{"href":50801},[167,57049,57050],{},[221,57051,57052],{"href":56977},"Creating a list in Python",[167,57054,57055],{},[221,57056,55343,57057,10770],{"href":56592},[15,57058,52475],{},[167,57060,57061],{},[221,57062,13817],{"href":13816},[1969,57064,57065],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":57067},[57068,57069,57071,57072,57074,57075,57076,57078,57086,57097],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":55534,"depth":79,"text":57070},"What list.copy() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":55805,"depth":79,"text":57073},"Why not use =",{"id":56083,"depth":79,"text":56084},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":56434,"depth":79,"text":57077},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":57079},[57080,57082,57083,57084],{"id":56604,"depth":86,"text":57081},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56750,"depth":86,"text":56751},{"id":56833,"depth":86,"text":56834},{"id":56919,"depth":86,"text":57085},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":57087},[57088,57090,57092,57094,57095],{"id":56984,"depth":86,"text":57089},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56993,"depth":86,"text":57091},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57008,"depth":86,"text":57093},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57016,"depth":86,"text":57017},{"id":57026,"depth":86,"text":57096},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55412,"description":57098},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57105,"title":57106,"body":57107,"description":58849,"extension":2017,"meta":58850,"navigation":82,"path":58851,"seo":58852,"stem":58853,"__hash__":58854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57108,"toc":58808},[57109,57115,57121,57124,57135,57138,57140,57203,57209,57214,57218,57232,57235,57240,57245,57247,57249,57268,57280,57282,57349,57351,57359,57364,57366,57374,57377,57394,57396,57520,57531,57535,57540,57543,57545,57563,57567,57653,57662,57670,57739,57741,57744,57756,57761,57765,57836,57839,57843,57847,57912,57914,57922,57926,58009,58011,58019,58023,58084,58086,58094,58098,58185,58187,58195,58200,58205,58208,58219,58221,58306,58311,58320,58322,58326,58330,58335,58397,58401,58409,58415,58424,58429,58478,58481,58502,58506,58568,58575,58580,58583,58670,58673,58684,58687,58707,58709,58715,58718,58722,58726,58732,58735,58741,58748,58756,58767,58769,58805],[10,57110,54165,57112,11352],{"id":57111},"python-list-count-method",[15,57113,57114],{},"count()",[20,57116,57117,57120],{},[15,57118,57119],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57122,57123],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[164,57125,57126,57129,57132],{},[167,57127,57128],{},"count one specific item",[167,57130,57131],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[167,57133,57134],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57136,57137],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[47,57139,50],{"id":49},[52,57141,57143],{"className":54,"code":57142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57144,57145,57173,57191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57146,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57148,3661],{"class":67},[61,57150,72],{"class":71},[61,57152,1088],{"class":93},[61,57154,3035],{"class":75},[61,57156,106],{"class":93},[61,57158,3040],{"class":75},[61,57160,106],{"class":93},[61,57162,3040],{"class":75},[61,57164,106],{"class":93},[61,57166,1020],{"class":75},[61,57168,106],{"class":93},[61,57170,3040],{"class":75},[61,57172,1115],{"class":93},[61,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,57176,1593],{"class":67},[61,57178,72],{"class":71},[61,57180,4303],{"class":67},[61,57182,229],{"class":93},[61,57184,952],{"class":102},[61,57186,94],{"class":93},[61,57188,2113],{"class":75},[61,57190,258],{"class":93},[61,57192,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,57194,90],{"class":89},[61,57196,94],{"class":93},[61,57198,1620],{"class":102},[61,57200,664],{"class":93},[61,57202,50592],{"class":116},[20,57204,143,57205,57208],{},[15,57206,57207],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[47,57210,151,57212,154],{"id":57211},"what-listcount-does",[15,57213,57119],{},[20,57215,57216,1314],{},[15,57217,57119],{},[164,57219,57220,57223,57226,57229],{},[167,57221,57222],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[167,57224,57225],{},"returns an integer",[167,57227,57228],{},"does not change the original list",[167,57230,57231],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57233,57234],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57236,57237,57238,229],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57239,1046],{},[20,57241,57242,57243,229],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57244,2175],{},[47,57246,233],{"id":232},[20,57248,236],{},[52,57250,57252],{"className":54,"code":57251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57253,57254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57255,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57257,8371],{"class":67},[61,57259,229],{"class":93},[61,57261,952],{"class":102},[61,57263,94],{"class":93},[61,57265,103],{"class":102},[61,57267,258],{"class":93},[164,57269,57270,57275],{},[167,57271,57272,57274],{},[15,57273,8371],{}," is the list you want to search",[167,57276,57277,57279],{},[15,57278,103],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57281,295],{},[52,57283,57285],{"className":54,"code":57284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57286,57287,57327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57288,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57290,36117],{"class":67},[61,57292,72],{"class":71},[61,57294,1088],{"class":93},[61,57296,1010],{"class":310},[61,57298,221],{"class":314},[61,57300,1010],{"class":310},[61,57302,106],{"class":93},[61,57304,311],{"class":310},[61,57306,1101],{"class":314},[61,57308,1010],{"class":310},[61,57310,106],{"class":93},[61,57312,311],{"class":310},[61,57314,221],{"class":314},[61,57316,1010],{"class":310},[61,57318,106],{"class":93},[61,57320,311],{"class":310},[61,57322,1110],{"class":314},[61,57324,1010],{"class":310},[61,57326,1115],{"class":93},[61,57328,57329,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,57330,90],{"class":89},[61,57332,94],{"class":93},[61,57334,36170],{"class":102},[61,57336,229],{"class":93},[61,57338,952],{"class":102},[61,57340,94],{"class":93},[61,57342,1010],{"class":310},[61,57344,221],{"class":314},[61,57346,1010],{"class":310},[61,57348,342],{"class":93},[20,57350,345],{},[52,57352,57353],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,57354,57355],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57356,57357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57358,17083],{"class":75},[20,57360,57361,57362,229],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57363,2175],{},[47,57365,38048],{"id":38047},[20,57367,57368,57369,57371,57372,229],{},"The return value from ",[15,57370,57114],{}," is always an ",[15,57373,189],{},[20,57375,57376],{},"Possible results:",[164,57378,57379,57384,57389],{},[167,57380,57381,57383],{},[15,57382,2175],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[167,57385,57386,57388],{},[15,57387,3035],{}," if it appears once",[167,57390,57391,57393],{},[15,57392,2113],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57395,295],{},[52,57397,57399],{"className":54,"code":57398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57400,57401,57441,57445,57470,57495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57402,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57404,13102],{"class":67},[61,57406,72],{"class":71},[61,57408,1088],{"class":93},[61,57410,1010],{"class":310},[61,57412,13119],{"class":314},[61,57414,1010],{"class":310},[61,57416,106],{"class":93},[61,57418,311],{"class":310},[61,57420,13136],{"class":314},[61,57422,1010],{"class":310},[61,57424,106],{"class":93},[61,57426,311],{"class":310},[61,57428,17482],{"class":314},[61,57430,1010],{"class":310},[61,57432,106],{"class":93},[61,57434,311],{"class":310},[61,57436,13136],{"class":314},[61,57438,1010],{"class":310},[61,57440,1115],{"class":93},[61,57442,57443],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,57444,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,57446,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,57448,90],{"class":89},[61,57450,94],{"class":93},[61,57452,17529],{"class":102},[61,57454,229],{"class":93},[61,57456,952],{"class":102},[61,57458,94],{"class":93},[61,57460,1010],{"class":310},[61,57462,13136],{"class":314},[61,57464,1010],{"class":310},[61,57466,113],{"class":93},[61,57468,57469],{"class":116},"   # 2\n",[61,57471,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,57473,90],{"class":89},[61,57475,94],{"class":93},[61,57477,17529],{"class":102},[61,57479,229],{"class":93},[61,57481,952],{"class":102},[61,57483,94],{"class":93},[61,57485,1010],{"class":310},[61,57487,13119],{"class":314},[61,57489,1010],{"class":310},[61,57491,113],{"class":93},[61,57493,57494],{"class":116},"    # 1\n",[61,57496,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,57498,90],{"class":89},[61,57500,94],{"class":93},[61,57502,17529],{"class":102},[61,57504,229],{"class":93},[61,57506,952],{"class":102},[61,57508,94],{"class":93},[61,57510,1010],{"class":310},[61,57512,22552],{"class":314},[61,57514,1010],{"class":310},[61,57516,113],{"class":93},[61,57518,57519],{"class":116}," # 0\n",[20,57521,57522,57523,57525,57526,57528,57529,229],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57524,57114],{}," works, but using ",[15,57527,3924],{}," is often simpler. See ",[221,57530,6237],{"href":6236},[47,57532,57534],{"id":57533},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57536,57537,57539],{},[15,57538,57119],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57541,57542],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57544,43673],{},[164,57546,57547,57550,57553,57560],{},[167,57548,57549],{},"matches are based on equality",[167,57551,57552],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[167,57554,57555,749,57557,57559],{},[15,57556,3035],{},[15,57558,30],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[167,57561,57562],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[260,57564,57566],{"id":57565},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[52,57568,57570],{"className":54,"code":57569,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57571,57572,57605,57629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57573,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57575,4109],{"class":67},[61,57577,72],{"class":71},[61,57579,1088],{"class":93},[61,57581,1010],{"class":310},[61,57583,4118],{"class":314},[61,57585,1010],{"class":310},[61,57587,106],{"class":93},[61,57589,311],{"class":310},[61,57591,57592],{"class":314},"Apple",[61,57594,1010],{"class":310},[61,57596,106],{"class":93},[61,57598,311],{"class":310},[61,57600,4118],{"class":314},[61,57602,1010],{"class":310},[61,57604,1115],{"class":93},[61,57606,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,57608,90],{"class":89},[61,57610,94],{"class":93},[61,57612,4153],{"class":102},[61,57614,229],{"class":93},[61,57616,952],{"class":102},[61,57618,94],{"class":93},[61,57620,1010],{"class":310},[61,57622,4118],{"class":314},[61,57624,1010],{"class":310},[61,57626,113],{"class":93},[61,57628,51237],{"class":116},[61,57630,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,57632,90],{"class":89},[61,57634,94],{"class":93},[61,57636,4153],{"class":102},[61,57638,229],{"class":93},[61,57640,952],{"class":102},[61,57642,94],{"class":93},[61,57644,1010],{"class":310},[61,57646,57592],{"class":314},[61,57648,1010],{"class":310},[61,57650,113],{"class":93},[61,57652,27806],{"class":116},[20,57654,57655,749,57658,57661],{},[15,57656,57657],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57659,57660],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[260,57663,57665,749,57667,57669],{"id":57664},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57666,3035],{},[15,57668,30],{}," can match",[52,57671,57673],{"className":54,"code":57672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57674,57675,57699,57719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57676,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57678,3865],{"class":67},[61,57680,72],{"class":71},[61,57682,1088],{"class":93},[61,57684,3035],{"class":75},[61,57686,106],{"class":93},[61,57688,3956],{"class":355},[61,57690,106],{"class":93},[61,57692,3040],{"class":75},[61,57694,106],{"class":93},[61,57696,5535],{"class":75},[61,57698,1115],{"class":93},[61,57700,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,57702,90],{"class":89},[61,57704,94],{"class":93},[61,57706,5396],{"class":102},[61,57708,229],{"class":93},[61,57710,952],{"class":102},[61,57712,94],{"class":93},[61,57714,3035],{"class":75},[61,57716,113],{"class":93},[61,57718,50740],{"class":116},[61,57720,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,57722,90],{"class":89},[61,57724,94],{"class":93},[61,57726,5396],{"class":102},[61,57728,229],{"class":93},[61,57730,952],{"class":102},[61,57732,94],{"class":93},[61,57734,30],{"class":355},[61,57736,113],{"class":93},[61,57738,50592],{"class":116},[20,57740,4450],{},[20,57742,57743],{},"In Python:",[164,57745,57746,57751],{},[167,57747,57748],{},[15,57749,57750],{},"True == 1",[167,57752,57753],{},[15,57754,57755],{},"False == 0",[20,57757,53476,57758,57760],{},[15,57759,57114],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[260,57762,57764],{"id":57763},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[52,57766,57768],{"className":54,"code":57767,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57769,57770,57812],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57771,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57773,7814],{"class":67},[61,57775,72],{"class":71},[61,57777,56117],{"class":93},[61,57779,3035],{"class":75},[61,57781,106],{"class":93},[61,57783,3040],{"class":75},[61,57785,18089],{"class":93},[61,57787,1088],{"class":93},[61,57789,1046],{"class":75},[61,57791,106],{"class":93},[61,57793,2505],{"class":75},[61,57795,18089],{"class":93},[61,57797,1088],{"class":93},[61,57799,3035],{"class":75},[61,57801,106],{"class":93},[61,57803,3040],{"class":75},[61,57805,18089],{"class":93},[61,57807,1088],{"class":93},[61,57809,3035],{"class":75},[61,57811,53065],{"class":93},[61,57813,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,57815,90],{"class":89},[61,57817,94],{"class":93},[61,57819,7845],{"class":102},[61,57821,229],{"class":93},[61,57823,952],{"class":102},[61,57825,3032],{"class":93},[61,57827,3035],{"class":75},[61,57829,106],{"class":93},[61,57831,3040],{"class":75},[61,57833,4775],{"class":93},[61,57835,51237],{"class":116},[20,57837,57838],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[47,57840,57842],{"id":57841},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[260,57844,57846],{"id":57845},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[52,57848,57850],{"className":54,"code":57849,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57851,57852,57880,57898,57902],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57853,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57855,3661],{"class":67},[61,57857,72],{"class":71},[61,57859,1088],{"class":93},[61,57861,2379],{"class":75},[61,57863,106],{"class":93},[61,57865,7825],{"class":75},[61,57867,106],{"class":93},[61,57869,6043],{"class":75},[61,57871,106],{"class":93},[61,57873,7830],{"class":75},[61,57875,106],{"class":93},[61,57877,6043],{"class":75},[61,57879,1115],{"class":93},[61,57881,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,57883,1593],{"class":67},[61,57885,72],{"class":71},[61,57887,4303],{"class":67},[61,57889,229],{"class":93},[61,57891,952],{"class":102},[61,57893,94],{"class":93},[61,57895,2379],{"class":75},[61,57897,258],{"class":93},[61,57899,57900],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,57901,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,57903,57904,57906,57908,57910],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,57905,90],{"class":89},[61,57907,94],{"class":93},[61,57909,1620],{"class":102},[61,57911,258],{"class":93},[20,57913,345],{},[52,57915,57916],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,57917,57918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57919,57920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57921,46630],{"class":75},[260,57923,57925],{"id":57924},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[52,57927,57929],{"className":54,"code":57928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57930,57931,57973,57995,57999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57932,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57969,57971],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57934,4109],{"class":67},[61,57936,72],{"class":71},[61,57938,1088],{"class":93},[61,57940,1010],{"class":310},[61,57942,37075],{"class":314},[61,57944,1010],{"class":310},[61,57946,106],{"class":93},[61,57948,311],{"class":310},[61,57950,57951],{"class":314},"dog",[61,57953,1010],{"class":310},[61,57955,106],{"class":93},[61,57957,311],{"class":310},[61,57959,37075],{"class":314},[61,57961,1010],{"class":310},[61,57963,106],{"class":93},[61,57965,311],{"class":310},[61,57967,57968],{"class":314},"bird",[61,57970,1010],{"class":310},[61,57972,1115],{"class":93},[61,57974,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,57976,1593],{"class":67},[61,57978,72],{"class":71},[61,57980,6207],{"class":67},[61,57982,229],{"class":93},[61,57984,952],{"class":102},[61,57986,94],{"class":93},[61,57988,1010],{"class":310},[61,57990,37075],{"class":314},[61,57992,1010],{"class":310},[61,57994,258],{"class":93},[61,57996,57997],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,57998,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,58000,58001,58003,58005,58007],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,58002,90],{"class":89},[61,58004,94],{"class":93},[61,58006,1620],{"class":102},[61,58008,258],{"class":93},[20,58010,345],{},[52,58012,58013],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,58014,58015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58016,58017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58018,17083],{"class":75},[260,58020,58022],{"id":58021},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[52,58024,58026],{"className":54,"code":58025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58027,58028,58052,58070,58074],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58029,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58031,3661],{"class":67},[61,58033,72],{"class":71},[61,58035,1088],{"class":93},[61,58037,3035],{"class":75},[61,58039,106],{"class":93},[61,58041,3040],{"class":75},[61,58043,106],{"class":93},[61,58045,1020],{"class":75},[61,58047,106],{"class":93},[61,58049,2505],{"class":75},[61,58051,1115],{"class":93},[61,58053,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,58055,1593],{"class":67},[61,58057,72],{"class":71},[61,58059,4303],{"class":67},[61,58061,229],{"class":93},[61,58063,952],{"class":102},[61,58065,94],{"class":93},[61,58067,2192],{"class":75},[61,58069,258],{"class":93},[61,58071,58072],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,58073,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,58075,58076,58078,58080,58082],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,58077,90],{"class":89},[61,58079,94],{"class":93},[61,58081,1620],{"class":102},[61,58083,258],{"class":93},[20,58085,345],{},[52,58087,58088],{"className":54,"code":47265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,58089,58090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58091,58092],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58093,47265],{"class":75},[260,58095,58097],{"id":58096},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[52,58099,58101],{"className":54,"code":58100,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58102,58103,58149,58171,58175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58104,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58106,9199],{"class":67},[61,58108,72],{"class":71},[61,58110,56117],{"class":93},[61,58112,3035],{"class":75},[61,58114,106],{"class":93},[61,58116,3040],{"class":75},[61,58118,18089],{"class":93},[61,58120,1088],{"class":93},[61,58122,3035],{"class":75},[61,58124,106],{"class":93},[61,58126,3040],{"class":75},[61,58128,18089],{"class":93},[61,58130,1088],{"class":93},[61,58132,2113],{"class":75},[61,58134,106],{"class":93},[61,58136,1020],{"class":75},[61,58138,18089],{"class":93},[61,58140,1088],{"class":93},[61,58142,3035],{"class":75},[61,58144,106],{"class":93},[61,58146,3040],{"class":75},[61,58148,53065],{"class":93},[61,58150,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,58152,1593],{"class":67},[61,58154,72],{"class":71},[61,58156,14593],{"class":67},[61,58158,229],{"class":93},[61,58160,952],{"class":102},[61,58162,3032],{"class":93},[61,58164,3035],{"class":75},[61,58166,106],{"class":93},[61,58168,3040],{"class":75},[61,58170,1365],{"class":93},[61,58172,58173],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,58174,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,58176,58177,58179,58181,58183],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,58178,90],{"class":89},[61,58180,94],{"class":93},[61,58182,1620],{"class":102},[61,58184,258],{"class":93},[20,58186,345],{},[52,58188,58189],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,58190,58191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58192,58193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58194,46630],{"class":75},[47,58196,5001,58198],{"id":58197},"when-to-use-count",[15,58199,57114],{},[20,58201,143,58202,58204],{},[15,58203,57114],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58206,58207],{},"Good use cases:",[164,58209,58210,58213,58216],{},[167,58211,58212],{},"counting one specific item",[167,58214,58215],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[167,58217,58218],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58220,295],{},[52,58222,58224],{"className":54,"code":58223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58225,58226,58267,58291,58295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58227,58228,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58229,58230],{"class":67},"votes ",[61,58232,72],{"class":71},[61,58234,1088],{"class":93},[61,58236,1010],{"class":310},[61,58238,8691],{"class":314},[61,58240,1010],{"class":310},[61,58242,106],{"class":93},[61,58244,311],{"class":310},[61,58246,8630],{"class":314},[61,58248,1010],{"class":310},[61,58250,106],{"class":93},[61,58252,311],{"class":310},[61,58254,8691],{"class":314},[61,58256,1010],{"class":310},[61,58258,106],{"class":93},[61,58260,311],{"class":310},[61,58262,8691],{"class":314},[61,58264,1010],{"class":310},[61,58266,1115],{"class":93},[61,58268,58269,58272,58274,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,58270,58271],{"class":67},"yes_votes ",[61,58273,72],{"class":71},[61,58275,58276],{"class":67}," votes",[61,58278,229],{"class":93},[61,58280,952],{"class":102},[61,58282,94],{"class":93},[61,58284,1010],{"class":310},[61,58286,8691],{"class":314},[61,58288,1010],{"class":310},[61,58290,258],{"class":93},[61,58292,58293],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,58294,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,58296,58297,58299,58301,58304],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,58298,90],{"class":89},[61,58300,94],{"class":93},[61,58302,58303],{"class":102},"yes_votes",[61,58305,258],{"class":93},[20,58307,58308,58310],{},[15,58309,57114],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58312,58313,58314,749,58316,229],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[221,58315,52594],{"href":50801},[221,58317,58319],{"href":58318},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[47,58321,2878],{"id":2877},[20,58323,8479,58324,229],{},[15,58325,57119],{},[260,58327,58329],{"id":58328},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58331,58332,58334],{},[15,58333,57119],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[52,58336,58338],{"className":54,"code":58337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58339,58340,58373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58341,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58343,4109],{"class":67},[61,58345,72],{"class":71},[61,58347,1088],{"class":93},[61,58349,1010],{"class":310},[61,58351,58352],{"class":314},"apple pie",[61,58354,1010],{"class":310},[61,58356,106],{"class":93},[61,58358,311],{"class":310},[61,58360,4127],{"class":314},[61,58362,1010],{"class":310},[61,58364,106],{"class":93},[61,58366,311],{"class":310},[61,58368,58352],{"class":314},[61,58370,1010],{"class":310},[61,58372,1115],{"class":93},[61,58374,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,58376,90],{"class":89},[61,58378,94],{"class":93},[61,58380,4153],{"class":102},[61,58382,229],{"class":93},[61,58384,952],{"class":102},[61,58386,94],{"class":93},[61,58388,1010],{"class":310},[61,58390,4118],{"class":314},[61,58392,1010],{"class":310},[61,58394,113],{"class":93},[61,58396,51069],{"class":116},[20,58398,2536,58399,1916],{},[15,58400,2175],{},[20,58402,29088,58403,58405,58406,229],{},[15,58404,57657],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58407,58408],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58410,58411,58412,229],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58413,58414],{},"str.count()",[260,58416,8485,58418,8488,58420,31,58422],{"id":58417},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58419,57114],{},[15,58421,30],{},[15,58423,34],{},[20,58425,58426,58428],{},[15,58427,57114],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[52,58430,58432],{"className":54,"code":58431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58433,58434,58458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58435,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58437,3661],{"class":67},[61,58439,72],{"class":71},[61,58441,1088],{"class":93},[61,58443,3035],{"class":75},[61,58445,106],{"class":93},[61,58447,3040],{"class":75},[61,58449,106],{"class":93},[61,58451,3040],{"class":75},[61,58453,106],{"class":93},[61,58455,1020],{"class":75},[61,58457,1115],{"class":93},[61,58459,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,58461,90],{"class":89},[61,58463,94],{"class":93},[61,58465,3691],{"class":102},[61,58467,229],{"class":93},[61,58469,952],{"class":102},[61,58471,94],{"class":93},[61,58473,2113],{"class":75},[61,58475,113],{"class":93},[61,58477,51237],{"class":116},[20,58479,58480],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[52,58482,58484],{"className":54,"code":58483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58485,58486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58487,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58489,90],{"class":89},[61,58491,94],{"class":93},[61,58493,2113],{"class":75},[61,58495,21201],{"class":672},[61,58497,4303],{"class":102},[61,58499,664],{"class":93},[61,58501,3706],{"class":116},[260,58503,58505],{"id":58504},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[52,58507,58509],{"className":54,"code":58508,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58510,58511,58544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58512,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537,58540,58542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58514,5035],{"class":67},[61,58516,72],{"class":71},[61,58518,1088],{"class":93},[61,58520,1010],{"class":310},[61,58522,7711],{"class":314},[61,58524,1010],{"class":310},[61,58526,106],{"class":93},[61,58528,311],{"class":310},[61,58530,20245],{"class":314},[61,58532,1010],{"class":310},[61,58534,106],{"class":93},[61,58536,311],{"class":310},[61,58538,58539],{"class":314},"SAM",[61,58541,1010],{"class":310},[61,58543,1115],{"class":93},[61,58545,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,58547,90],{"class":89},[61,58549,94],{"class":93},[61,58551,5079],{"class":102},[61,58553,229],{"class":93},[61,58555,952],{"class":102},[61,58557,94],{"class":93},[61,58559,1010],{"class":310},[61,58561,20245],{"class":314},[61,58563,1010],{"class":310},[61,58565,113],{"class":93},[61,58567,27806],{"class":116},[20,58569,58570,58571,58574],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58572,58573],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[260,58576,29677,58578,33578],{"id":58577},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58579,57114],{},[20,58581,58582],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[52,58584,58586],{"className":54,"code":58585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58587,58588,58598,58612,58630,58644,58656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58589,58590,58592,58594,58596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58591,90],{"class":89},[61,58593,94],{"class":93},[61,58595,8371],{"class":102},[61,58597,258],{"class":93},[61,58599,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,58601,90],{"class":89},[61,58603,94],{"class":93},[61,58605,657],{"class":109},[61,58607,94],{"class":93},[61,58609,8371],{"class":102},[61,58611,342],{"class":93},[61,58613,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,58615,90],{"class":89},[61,58617,94],{"class":93},[61,58619,8371],{"class":102},[61,58621,229],{"class":93},[61,58623,952],{"class":102},[61,58625,94],{"class":93},[61,58627,103],{"class":102},[61,58629,342],{"class":93},[61,58631,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,58633,90],{"class":89},[61,58635,94],{"class":93},[61,58637,68],{"class":102},[61,58639,3924],{"class":672},[61,58641,8427],{"class":102},[61,58643,258],{"class":93},[61,58645,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,58647,5996],{"class":672},[61,58649,5999],{"class":67},[61,58651,3924],{"class":672},[61,58653,8427],{"class":67},[61,58655,6433],{"class":93},[61,58657,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,58659,1141],{"class":89},[61,58661,94],{"class":93},[61,58663,1804],{"class":89},[61,58665,94],{"class":93},[61,58667,23338],{"class":102},[61,58669,342],{"class":93},[20,58671,58672],{},"These checks can help you see:",[164,58674,58675,58678,58681],{},[167,58676,58677],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[167,58679,58680],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[167,58682,58683],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58685,58686],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[164,58688,58689,58694,58697,58704],{},[167,58690,1840,58691,58693],{},[15,58692,57114],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[167,58695,58696],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[167,58698,11136,58699,58701,58702],{},[15,58700,57119],{}," with string ",[15,58703,57114],{},[167,58705,58706],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[47,58708,1879],{"id":1878},[260,58710,1928,58712,58714],{"id":58711},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58713,57119],{}," change the list?",[20,58716,58717],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[260,58719,58721],{"id":58720},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58723,11938,58724,229],{},[15,58725,2175],{},[260,58727,1898,58729,58731],{"id":58728},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58730,57119],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58733,58734],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[260,58736,14930,58738,58740],{"id":58737},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58739,57119],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58742,42175,58743,749,58745,58747],{},[15,58744,57660],{},[15,58746,57657],{}," are different values.",[260,58749,5196,58751,58753,58754,1916],{"id":58750},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58752,30],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58755,3035],{},[20,58757,8819,58758,58760,58761,749,58763,58760,58765,229],{},[15,58759,30],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58762,3035],{},[15,58764,34],{},[15,58766,2175],{},[47,58768,1938],{"id":1937},[164,58770,58771,58775,58781,58785,58793,58800],{},[167,58772,58773],{},[221,58774,52594],{"href":50801},[167,58776,58777],{},[221,58778,58780],{"href":58779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[167,58782,58783],{},[221,58784,6970],{"href":6236},[167,58786,58787],{},[221,58788,55343,58790,10770],{"href":58789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58791,58792],{},"index()",[167,58794,58795],{},[221,58796,13,58798],{"href":58797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58799,42384],{},[167,58801,58802],{},[221,58803,58804],{"href":58318},"What is a list in Python",[1969,58806,58807],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":58809},[58810,58811,58813,58814,58815,58821,58827,58829,58837,58848],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":57211,"depth":79,"text":58812},"What list.count() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":38047,"depth":79,"text":38048},{"id":57533,"depth":79,"text":57534,"children":58816},[58817,58818,58820],{"id":57565,"depth":86,"text":57566},{"id":57664,"depth":86,"text":58819},"1 and True can match",{"id":57763,"depth":86,"text":57764},{"id":57841,"depth":79,"text":57842,"children":58822},[58823,58824,58825,58826],{"id":57845,"depth":86,"text":57846},{"id":57924,"depth":86,"text":57925},{"id":58021,"depth":86,"text":58022},{"id":58096,"depth":86,"text":58097},{"id":58197,"depth":79,"text":58828},"When to use count()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":58830},[58831,58832,58834,58835],{"id":58328,"depth":86,"text":58329},{"id":58417,"depth":86,"text":58833},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58504,"depth":86,"text":58505},{"id":58577,"depth":86,"text":58836},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":58838},[58839,58841,58842,58844,58846],{"id":58711,"depth":86,"text":58840},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58720,"depth":86,"text":58721},{"id":58728,"depth":86,"text":58843},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58737,"depth":86,"text":58845},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58750,"depth":86,"text":58847},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57106,"description":58849},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58856,"title":58857,"body":58858,"description":60821,"extension":2017,"meta":60822,"navigation":82,"path":60823,"seo":60824,"stem":60825,"__hash__":60826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58859,"toc":60784},[58860,58863,58866,58868,58996,59000,59081,59092,59094,59113,59117,59120,59123,59141,59143,59186,59190,59215,59224,59228,59233,59236,59353,59357,59426,59430,59442,59446,59449,59490,59494,59507,59510,59595,59599,59632,59639,59645,59650,59652,59664,59668,59701,59705,59737,59741,59778,59782,59802,59806,59840,59844,59873,59884,59888,59891,59894,59907,59964,59968,60007,60013,60016,60018,60021,60025,60028,60053,60055,60080,60087,60090,60135,60139,60158,60161,60200,60207,60212,60246,60250,60351,60358,60391,60395,60421,60425,60428,60466,60469,60506,60510,60513,60532,60536,60597,60599,60617,60621,60624,60627,60656,60658,60662,60665,60673,60677,60680,60700,60706,60712,60716,60719,60726,60734,60736,60775,60781],[10,58861,58857],{"id":58862},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58864,58865],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[47,58867,50],{"id":49},[52,58869,58871],{"className":54,"code":58870,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58872,58873,58893,58925,58933,58951,58955,58965,58975,58986],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58874,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58876,3661],{"class":67},[61,58878,72],{"class":71},[61,58880,1088],{"class":93},[61,58882,3035],{"class":75},[61,58884,106],{"class":93},[61,58886,3040],{"class":75},[61,58888,106],{"class":93},[61,58890,1020],{"class":75},[61,58892,1115],{"class":93},[61,58894,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,58896,5035],{"class":67},[61,58898,72],{"class":71},[61,58900,1088],{"class":93},[61,58902,1010],{"class":310},[61,58904,1319],{"class":314},[61,58906,1010],{"class":310},[61,58908,106],{"class":93},[61,58910,311],{"class":310},[61,58912,35967],{"class":314},[61,58914,1010],{"class":310},[61,58916,106],{"class":93},[61,58918,311],{"class":310},[61,58920,35976],{"class":314},[61,58922,1010],{"class":310},[61,58924,1115],{"class":93},[61,58926,58927,58929,58931],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,58928,55754],{"class":67},[61,58930,72],{"class":71},[61,58932,7874],{"class":93},[61,58934,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,58936,36117],{"class":67},[61,58938,72],{"class":71},[61,58940,605],{"class":109},[61,58942,94],{"class":93},[61,58944,1010],{"class":310},[61,58946,41585],{"class":314},[61,58948,1010],{"class":310},[61,58950,258],{"class":93},[61,58952,58953],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,58954,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,58956,58957,58959,58961,58963],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,58958,90],{"class":89},[61,58960,94],{"class":93},[61,58962,3691],{"class":102},[61,58964,258],{"class":93},[61,58966,58967,58969,58971,58973],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,58968,90],{"class":89},[61,58970,94],{"class":93},[61,58972,5079],{"class":102},[61,58974,258],{"class":93},[61,58976,58977,58979,58981,58984],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,58978,90],{"class":89},[61,58980,94],{"class":93},[61,58982,58983],{"class":102},"empty_list",[61,58985,258],{"class":93},[61,58987,58988,58990,58992,58994],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,58989,90],{"class":89},[61,58991,94],{"class":93},[61,58993,36170],{"class":102},[61,58995,258],{"class":93},[20,58997,58998],{},[3784,58999,345],{},[52,59001,59003],{"className":54,"code":59002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59004,59005,59021,59049,59053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59006,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59008,1356],{"class":93},[61,59010,3035],{"class":75},[61,59012,106],{"class":93},[61,59014,3040],{"class":75},[61,59016,106],{"class":93},[61,59018,1020],{"class":75},[61,59020,1115],{"class":93},[61,59022,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59024,1356],{"class":93},[61,59026,3348],{"class":310},[61,59028,1319],{"class":314},[61,59030,3348],{"class":310},[61,59032,106],{"class":93},[61,59034,3343],{"class":310},[61,59036,35967],{"class":314},[61,59038,3348],{"class":310},[61,59040,106],{"class":93},[61,59042,3343],{"class":310},[61,59044,35976],{"class":314},[61,59046,3348],{"class":310},[61,59048,1115],{"class":93},[61,59050,59051],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,59052,38325],{"class":93},[61,59054,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,59056,1356],{"class":93},[61,59058,3348],{"class":310},[61,59060,221],{"class":314},[61,59062,3348],{"class":310},[61,59064,106],{"class":93},[61,59066,3343],{"class":310},[61,59068,1101],{"class":314},[61,59070,3348],{"class":310},[61,59072,106],{"class":93},[61,59074,3343],{"class":310},[61,59076,1110],{"class":314},[61,59078,3348],{"class":310},[61,59080,1115],{"class":93},[20,59082,59083,59084,59086,59087,59089,59090,229],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59085,3829],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59088,24809],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59091,36225],{},[47,59093,15190],{"id":15189},[164,59095,59096,59099,59102,59105,59110],{},[167,59097,59098],{},"What a list is in Python",[167,59100,59101],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[167,59103,59104],{},"How to create an empty list",[167,59106,59107,59108,2351],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59109,24809],{},[167,59111,59112],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[47,59114,59116],{"id":59115},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59118,59119],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59121,59122],{},"This means:",[164,59124,59125,59128,59131,59134],{},[167,59126,59127],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[167,59129,59130],{},"The order of items is kept",[167,59132,59133],{},"A list can hold different data types",[167,59135,59136,59137,59140],{},"A list is ",[3784,59138,59139],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59142,295],{},[52,59144,59146],{"className":54,"code":59145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59147,59148,59172,59176],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59149,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59151,7814],{"class":67},[61,59153,72],{"class":71},[61,59155,1088],{"class":93},[61,59157,1010],{"class":310},[61,59159,4118],{"class":314},[61,59161,1010],{"class":310},[61,59163,106],{"class":93},[61,59165,6043],{"class":75},[61,59167,106],{"class":93},[61,59169,3956],{"class":355},[61,59171,1115],{"class":93},[61,59173,59174],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59175,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,59177,59178,59180,59182,59184],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,59179,90],{"class":89},[61,59181,94],{"class":93},[61,59183,7845],{"class":102},[61,59185,258],{"class":93},[20,59187,59188],{},[3784,59189,345],{},[52,59191,59193],{"className":54,"code":59192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59194,59195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59196,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211,59213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59198,1356],{"class":93},[61,59200,3348],{"class":310},[61,59202,4118],{"class":314},[61,59204,3348],{"class":310},[61,59206,106],{"class":93},[61,59208,6043],{"class":75},[61,59210,106],{"class":93},[61,59212,3956],{"class":355},[61,59214,1115],{"class":93},[20,59216,59217,59218,31,59221,229],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[221,59219,59220],{"href":50801},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[221,59222,59223],{"href":58318},"What is a List in Python?",[47,59225,59227],{"id":59226},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59229,59083,59230,59232],{},[15,59231,3829],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59234,59235],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[52,59237,59239],{"className":54,"code":59238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59240,59241,59261,59293,59318,59322,59332,59342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59242,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59244,3661],{"class":67},[61,59246,72],{"class":71},[61,59248,1088],{"class":93},[61,59250,3035],{"class":75},[61,59252,106],{"class":93},[61,59254,3040],{"class":75},[61,59256,106],{"class":93},[61,59258,1020],{"class":75},[61,59260,1115],{"class":93},[61,59262,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59264,5035],{"class":67},[61,59266,72],{"class":71},[61,59268,1088],{"class":93},[61,59270,1010],{"class":310},[61,59272,1319],{"class":314},[61,59274,1010],{"class":310},[61,59276,106],{"class":93},[61,59278,311],{"class":310},[61,59280,35967],{"class":314},[61,59282,1010],{"class":310},[61,59284,106],{"class":93},[61,59286,311],{"class":310},[61,59288,35976],{"class":314},[61,59290,1010],{"class":310},[61,59292,1115],{"class":93},[61,59294,59295,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,59296,59297],{"class":67},"mixed ",[61,59299,72],{"class":71},[61,59301,1088],{"class":93},[61,59303,2379],{"class":75},[61,59305,106],{"class":93},[61,59307,311],{"class":310},[61,59309,457],{"class":314},[61,59311,1010],{"class":310},[61,59313,106],{"class":93},[61,59315,3947],{"class":355},[61,59317,1115],{"class":93},[61,59319,59320],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,59321,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,59323,59324,59326,59328,59330],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,59325,90],{"class":89},[61,59327,94],{"class":93},[61,59329,3691],{"class":102},[61,59331,258],{"class":93},[61,59333,59334,59336,59338,59340],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,59335,90],{"class":89},[61,59337,94],{"class":93},[61,59339,5079],{"class":102},[61,59341,258],{"class":93},[61,59343,59344,59346,59348,59351],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,59345,90],{"class":89},[61,59347,94],{"class":93},[61,59349,59350],{"class":102},"mixed",[61,59352,258],{"class":93},[20,59354,59355],{},[3784,59356,345],{},[52,59358,59360],{"className":54,"code":59359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59361,59362,59378,59406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59363,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59365,1356],{"class":93},[61,59367,3035],{"class":75},[61,59369,106],{"class":93},[61,59371,3040],{"class":75},[61,59373,106],{"class":93},[61,59375,1020],{"class":75},[61,59377,1115],{"class":93},[61,59379,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59381,1356],{"class":93},[61,59383,3348],{"class":310},[61,59385,1319],{"class":314},[61,59387,3348],{"class":310},[61,59389,106],{"class":93},[61,59391,3343],{"class":310},[61,59393,35967],{"class":314},[61,59395,3348],{"class":310},[61,59397,106],{"class":93},[61,59399,3343],{"class":310},[61,59401,35976],{"class":314},[61,59403,3348],{"class":310},[61,59405,1115],{"class":93},[61,59407,59408,59410,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,59409,1356],{"class":93},[61,59411,2379],{"class":75},[61,59413,106],{"class":93},[61,59415,3343],{"class":310},[61,59417,457],{"class":314},[61,59419,3348],{"class":310},[61,59421,106],{"class":93},[61,59423,3947],{"class":355},[61,59425,1115],{"class":93},[260,59427,59429],{"id":59428},"key-points","Key points",[164,59431,59432,59437,59439],{},[167,59433,143,59434,59436],{},[15,59435,3829],{}," to make a new list",[167,59438,15460],{},[167,59440,59441],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[47,59443,59445],{"id":59444},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59447,59448],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[52,59450,59452],{"className":54,"code":59451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59453,59454,59462,59466,59476],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59455,59456,59458,59460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59457,8340],{"class":67},[61,59459,72],{"class":71},[61,59461,7874],{"class":93},[61,59463,59464],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59465,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,59467,59468,59470,59472,59474],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,59469,90],{"class":89},[61,59471,94],{"class":93},[61,59473,8371],{"class":102},[61,59475,258],{"class":93},[61,59477,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,59479,90],{"class":89},[61,59481,94],{"class":93},[61,59483,11191],{"class":89},[61,59485,94],{"class":93},[61,59487,8371],{"class":102},[61,59489,342],{"class":93},[20,59491,59492],{},[3784,59493,345],{},[52,59495,59497],{"className":54,"code":59496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[]\n0\n",[15,59498,59499,59503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59500,59501],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59502,38325],{"class":93},[61,59504,59505],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59506,47265],{"class":75},[20,59508,59509],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[52,59511,59513],{"className":54,"code":59512,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59514,59515,59523,59527,59545,59563,59581,59585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59516,59517,59519,59521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59518,5035],{"class":67},[61,59520,72],{"class":71},[61,59522,7874],{"class":93},[61,59524,59525],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59526,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,59528,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,59530,5079],{"class":67},[61,59532,229],{"class":93},[61,59534,13580],{"class":102},[61,59536,94],{"class":93},[61,59538,1010],{"class":310},[61,59540,1319],{"class":314},[61,59542,1010],{"class":310},[61,59544,258],{"class":93},[61,59546,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,59548,5079],{"class":67},[61,59550,229],{"class":93},[61,59552,13580],{"class":102},[61,59554,94],{"class":93},[61,59556,1010],{"class":310},[61,59558,35967],{"class":314},[61,59560,1010],{"class":310},[61,59562,258],{"class":93},[61,59564,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,59566,5079],{"class":67},[61,59568,229],{"class":93},[61,59570,13580],{"class":102},[61,59572,94],{"class":93},[61,59574,1010],{"class":310},[61,59576,35976],{"class":314},[61,59578,1010],{"class":310},[61,59580,258],{"class":93},[61,59582,59583],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,59584,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,59586,59587,59589,59591,59593],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,59588,90],{"class":89},[61,59590,94],{"class":93},[61,59592,5079],{"class":102},[61,59594,258],{"class":93},[20,59596,59597],{},[3784,59598,345],{},[52,59600,59602],{"className":54,"code":59601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59603,59604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59605,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59607,1356],{"class":93},[61,59609,3348],{"class":310},[61,59611,1319],{"class":314},[61,59613,3348],{"class":310},[61,59615,106],{"class":93},[61,59617,3343],{"class":310},[61,59619,35967],{"class":314},[61,59621,3348],{"class":310},[61,59623,106],{"class":93},[61,59625,3343],{"class":310},[61,59627,35976],{"class":314},[61,59629,3348],{"class":310},[61,59631,1115],{"class":93},[20,59633,59634,59635,229],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[221,59636,59637,10770],{"href":56592},[15,59638,52475],{},[47,59640,59642,59643],{"id":59641},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59644,24809],{},[20,59646,143,59647,59649],{},[15,59648,24809],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59651,5494],{},[164,59653,59654,59656,59658,59660],{},[167,59655,5346],{},[167,59657,5340],{},[167,59659,5343],{},[167,59661,59662],{},[15,59663,36225],{},[260,59665,59667],{"id":59666},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[52,59669,59671],{"className":54,"code":59670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59672,59673,59691],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59674,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59676,36117],{"class":67},[61,59678,72],{"class":71},[61,59680,605],{"class":109},[61,59682,94],{"class":93},[61,59684,1010],{"class":310},[61,59686,41585],{"class":314},[61,59688,1010],{"class":310},[61,59690,258],{"class":93},[61,59692,59693,59695,59697,59699],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59694,90],{"class":89},[61,59696,94],{"class":93},[61,59698,36170],{"class":102},[61,59700,258],{"class":93},[20,59702,59703],{},[3784,59704,345],{},[52,59706,59707],{"className":54,"code":42898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,59708,59709],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59710,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59712,1356],{"class":93},[61,59714,3348],{"class":310},[61,59716,221],{"class":314},[61,59718,3348],{"class":310},[61,59720,106],{"class":93},[61,59722,3343],{"class":310},[61,59724,1101],{"class":314},[61,59726,3348],{"class":310},[61,59728,106],{"class":93},[61,59730,3343],{"class":310},[61,59732,1110],{"class":314},[61,59734,3348],{"class":310},[61,59736,1115],{"class":93},[260,59738,59740],{"id":59739},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[52,59742,59744],{"className":54,"code":59743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59745,59746,59768],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59747,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59749,3661],{"class":67},[61,59751,72],{"class":71},[61,59753,605],{"class":109},[61,59755,5548],{"class":93},[61,59757,3035],{"class":75},[61,59759,106],{"class":93},[61,59761,3040],{"class":75},[61,59763,106],{"class":93},[61,59765,1020],{"class":75},[61,59767,342],{"class":93},[61,59769,59770,59772,59774,59776],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59771,90],{"class":89},[61,59773,94],{"class":93},[61,59775,3691],{"class":102},[61,59777,258],{"class":93},[20,59779,59780],{},[3784,59781,345],{},[52,59783,59784],{"className":54,"code":54973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,59785,59786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59787,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59789,1356],{"class":93},[61,59791,3035],{"class":75},[61,59793,106],{"class":93},[61,59795,3040],{"class":75},[61,59797,106],{"class":93},[61,59799,1020],{"class":75},[61,59801,1115],{"class":93},[260,59803,59805],{"id":59804},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[52,59807,59809],{"className":54,"code":59808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59810,59811,59830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59812,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59824,59826,59828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59814,3865],{"class":67},[61,59816,72],{"class":71},[61,59818,605],{"class":109},[61,59820,94],{"class":93},[61,59822,59823],{"class":89},"range",[61,59825,94],{"class":93},[61,59827,2192],{"class":75},[61,59829,342],{"class":93},[61,59831,59832,59834,59836,59838],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59833,90],{"class":89},[61,59835,94],{"class":93},[61,59837,5396],{"class":102},[61,59839,258],{"class":93},[20,59841,59842],{},[3784,59843,345],{},[52,59845,59847],{"className":54,"code":59846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59848,59849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59850,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59852,1356],{"class":93},[61,59854,2175],{"class":75},[61,59856,106],{"class":93},[61,59858,5535],{"class":75},[61,59860,106],{"class":93},[61,59862,3040],{"class":75},[61,59864,106],{"class":93},[61,59866,1020],{"class":75},[61,59868,106],{"class":93},[61,59870,2505],{"class":75},[61,59872,1115],{"class":93},[20,59874,59875,59877,59878,229],{},[15,59876,24809],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[221,59879,59881,59883],{"href":59880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59882,24809],{},": Function Explained",[47,59885,59887],{"id":59886},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59889,59890],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59892,59893],{},"Examples include:",[164,59895,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904],{},[167,59897,5346],{},[167,59899,40450],{},[167,59901,51868],{},[167,59903,40620],{},[167,59905,59906],{},"other lists",[52,59908,59910],{"className":54,"code":59909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59911,59912,59950,59954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59913,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59915,9199],{"class":67},[61,59917,72],{"class":71},[61,59919,1088],{"class":93},[61,59921,1010],{"class":310},[61,59923,1319],{"class":314},[61,59925,1010],{"class":310},[61,59927,106],{"class":93},[61,59929,9338],{"class":75},[61,59931,106],{"class":93},[61,59933,3956],{"class":355},[61,59935,106],{"class":93},[61,59937,1088],{"class":93},[61,59939,3035],{"class":75},[61,59941,106],{"class":93},[61,59943,3040],{"class":75},[61,59945,106],{"class":93},[61,59947,1020],{"class":75},[61,59949,53065],{"class":93},[61,59951,59952],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,59953,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,59955,59956,59958,59960,59962],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,59957,90],{"class":89},[61,59959,94],{"class":93},[61,59961,9237],{"class":102},[61,59963,258],{"class":93},[20,59965,59966],{},[3784,59967,345],{},[52,59969,59971],{"className":54,"code":59970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59972,59973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59974,59975,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59976,1356],{"class":93},[61,59978,3348],{"class":310},[61,59980,1319],{"class":314},[61,59982,3348],{"class":310},[61,59984,106],{"class":93},[61,59986,9338],{"class":75},[61,59988,106],{"class":93},[61,59990,3956],{"class":355},[61,59992,106],{"class":93},[61,59994,1088],{"class":93},[61,59996,3035],{"class":75},[61,59998,106],{"class":93},[61,60000,3040],{"class":75},[61,60002,106],{"class":93},[61,60004,1020],{"class":75},[61,60006,53065],{"class":93},[20,60008,60009,60010,229],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3784,60011,60012],{},"nested list",[20,60014,60015],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[47,60017,1387],{"id":1386},[20,60019,60020],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[260,60022,60024],{"id":60023},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60026,60027],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[52,60029,60031],{"className":54,"code":60030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60032,60033,60037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60034,60035],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60036,4574],{"class":116},[61,60038,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,60040,3661],{"class":67},[61,60042,72],{"class":71},[61,60044,1088],{"class":93},[61,60046,3035],{"class":75},[61,60048,3040],{"class":75},[61,60050,1020],{"class":75},[61,60052,1115],{"class":93},[20,60054,10837],{},[52,60056,60058],{"className":54,"code":60057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60059,60060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60061,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60063,3661],{"class":67},[61,60065,72],{"class":71},[61,60067,1088],{"class":93},[61,60069,3035],{"class":75},[61,60071,106],{"class":93},[61,60073,3040],{"class":75},[61,60075,106],{"class":93},[61,60077,1020],{"class":75},[61,60079,1115],{"class":93},[260,60081,8449,60083,1395,60085],{"id":60082},"using-instead-of",[15,60084,7400],{},[15,60086,3829],{},[20,60088,60089],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[52,60091,60093],{"className":54,"code":60092,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60094,60095,60116,60120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60096,60097,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60098,60099],{"class":67},"my_values ",[61,60101,72],{"class":71},[61,60103,572],{"class":93},[61,60105,3035],{"class":75},[61,60107,106],{"class":93},[61,60109,3040],{"class":75},[61,60111,106],{"class":93},[61,60113,1020],{"class":75},[61,60115,258],{"class":93},[61,60117,60118],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,60119,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,60121,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60133],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,60123,90],{"class":89},[61,60125,94],{"class":93},[61,60127,657],{"class":109},[61,60129,94],{"class":93},[61,60131,60132],{"class":102},"my_values",[61,60134,342],{"class":93},[20,60136,60137],{},[3784,60138,345],{},[52,60140,60142],{"className":54,"code":60141,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60143,60144],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60145,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60147,3337],{"class":71},[61,60149,3340],{"class":882},[61,60151,3343],{"class":310},[61,60153,195],{"class":314},[61,60155,3348],{"class":310},[61,60157,3351],{"class":71},[20,60159,60160],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[52,60162,60164],{"className":54,"code":60163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60165,60166,60186],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60167,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178,60180,60182,60184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60169,60099],{"class":67},[61,60171,72],{"class":71},[61,60173,1088],{"class":93},[61,60175,3035],{"class":75},[61,60177,106],{"class":93},[61,60179,3040],{"class":75},[61,60181,106],{"class":93},[61,60183,1020],{"class":75},[61,60185,1115],{"class":93},[61,60187,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,60189,90],{"class":89},[61,60191,94],{"class":93},[61,60193,657],{"class":109},[61,60195,94],{"class":93},[61,60197,60132],{"class":102},[61,60199,342],{"class":93},[260,60201,8485,60203,60206],{"id":60202},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60204,60205],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60208,60209,60211],{},[15,60210,24809],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[52,60213,60215],{"className":54,"code":60214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60216,60217,60236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60218,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60232,60234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60220,1593],{"class":67},[61,60222,72],{"class":71},[61,60224,605],{"class":109},[61,60226,94],{"class":93},[61,60228,1010],{"class":310},[61,60230,60231],{"class":314},"hello world",[61,60233,1010],{"class":310},[61,60235,258],{"class":93},[61,60237,60238,60240,60242,60244],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,60239,90],{"class":89},[61,60241,94],{"class":93},[61,60243,1620],{"class":102},[61,60245,258],{"class":93},[20,60247,60248],{},[3784,60249,345],{},[52,60251,60253],{"className":54,"code":60252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60254,60255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60256,60257,60259,60261,60264,60266,60268,60270,60273,60275,60277,60279,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307,60309,60311,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60258,1356],{"class":93},[61,60260,3348],{"class":310},[61,60262,60263],{"class":314},"h",[61,60265,3348],{"class":310},[61,60267,106],{"class":93},[61,60269,3343],{"class":310},[61,60271,60272],{"class":314},"e",[61,60274,3348],{"class":310},[61,60276,106],{"class":93},[61,60278,3343],{"class":310},[61,60280,60281],{"class":314},"l",[61,60283,3348],{"class":310},[61,60285,106],{"class":93},[61,60287,3343],{"class":310},[61,60289,60281],{"class":314},[61,60291,3348],{"class":310},[61,60293,106],{"class":93},[61,60295,3343],{"class":310},[61,60297,60298],{"class":314},"o",[61,60300,3348],{"class":310},[61,60302,106],{"class":93},[61,60304,3343],{"class":310},[61,60306,3343],{"class":310},[61,60308,106],{"class":93},[61,60310,3343],{"class":310},[61,60312,60313],{"class":314},"w",[61,60315,3348],{"class":310},[61,60317,106],{"class":93},[61,60319,3343],{"class":310},[61,60321,60298],{"class":314},[61,60323,3348],{"class":310},[61,60325,106],{"class":93},[61,60327,3343],{"class":310},[61,60329,60330],{"class":314},"r",[61,60332,3348],{"class":310},[61,60334,106],{"class":93},[61,60336,3343],{"class":310},[61,60338,60281],{"class":314},[61,60340,3348],{"class":310},[61,60342,106],{"class":93},[61,60344,3343],{"class":310},[61,60346,18795],{"class":314},[61,60348,3348],{"class":310},[61,60350,1115],{"class":93},[20,60352,60353,60354,60357],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60355,60356],{},"split()"," instead:",[52,60359,60361],{"className":54,"code":60360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60362,60363,60381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60364,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60366,4109],{"class":67},[61,60368,72],{"class":71},[61,60370,311],{"class":310},[61,60372,60231],{"class":314},[61,60374,1010],{"class":310},[61,60376,229],{"class":93},[61,60378,34499],{"class":102},[61,60380,8676],{"class":93},[61,60382,60383,60385,60387,60389],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,60384,90],{"class":89},[61,60386,94],{"class":93},[61,60388,4153],{"class":102},[61,60390,258],{"class":93},[20,60392,60393],{},[3784,60394,345],{},[52,60396,60398],{"className":54,"code":60397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60399,60400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60401,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60417,60419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60403,1356],{"class":93},[61,60405,3348],{"class":310},[61,60407,457],{"class":314},[61,60409,3348],{"class":310},[61,60411,106],{"class":93},[61,60413,3343],{"class":310},[61,60415,60416],{"class":314},"world",[61,60418,3348],{"class":310},[61,60420,1115],{"class":93},[260,60422,60424],{"id":60423},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60426,60427],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[52,60429,60431],{"className":54,"code":60430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60432,60433,60437],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60434,60435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60436,4574],{"class":116},[61,60438,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455,60458,60460,60462,60464],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,60440,5035],{"class":67},[61,60442,72],{"class":71},[61,60444,1088],{"class":93},[61,60446,1010],{"class":310},[61,60448,1319],{"class":314},[61,60450,1010],{"class":310},[61,60452,106],{"class":93},[61,60454,311],{"class":310},[61,60456,60457],{"class":314},"Ben', ",[61,60459,1010],{"class":310},[61,60461,35976],{"class":67},[61,60463,1010],{"class":310},[61,60465,1115],{"class":314},[20,60467,60468],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[52,60470,60472],{"className":54,"code":60471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60473,60474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60475,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494,60496,60498,60500,60502,60504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60477,5035],{"class":67},[61,60479,72],{"class":71},[61,60481,1088],{"class":93},[61,60483,1010],{"class":310},[61,60485,1319],{"class":314},[61,60487,1010],{"class":310},[61,60489,106],{"class":93},[61,60491,311],{"class":310},[61,60493,35967],{"class":314},[61,60495,1010],{"class":310},[61,60497,106],{"class":93},[61,60499,311],{"class":310},[61,60501,35976],{"class":314},[61,60503,1010],{"class":310},[61,60505,1115],{"class":93},[260,60507,60509],{"id":60508},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60511,60512],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[164,60514,60515,60518,60521,60526],{},[167,60516,60517],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[167,60519,60520],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[167,60522,60523,60524],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60525,24809],{},[167,60527,8485,60528,60531],{},[15,60529,60530],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[260,60533,60535],{"id":60534},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[52,60537,60539],{"className":54,"code":60538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60540,60541,60551,60565,60579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60542,60543,60545,60547,60549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60544,90],{"class":89},[61,60546,94],{"class":93},[61,60548,8371],{"class":102},[61,60550,258],{"class":93},[61,60552,60553,60555,60557,60559,60561,60563],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,60554,90],{"class":89},[61,60556,94],{"class":93},[61,60558,657],{"class":109},[61,60560,94],{"class":93},[61,60562,8371],{"class":102},[61,60564,342],{"class":93},[61,60566,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,60568,90],{"class":89},[61,60570,94],{"class":93},[61,60572,11191],{"class":89},[61,60574,94],{"class":93},[61,60576,8371],{"class":102},[61,60578,342],{"class":93},[61,60580,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,60582,90],{"class":89},[61,60584,94],{"class":93},[61,60586,192],{"class":109},[61,60588,94],{"class":93},[61,60590,59823],{"class":89},[61,60592,94],{"class":93},[61,60594,2192],{"class":75},[61,60596,582],{"class":93},[20,60598,26034],{},[164,60600,60601,60604,60607,60610],{},[167,60602,60603],{},"what the list contains",[167,60605,60606],{},"whether the value is really a list",[167,60608,60609],{},"how many items it has",[167,60611,26045,60612,60614,60615],{},[15,60613,24809],{}," does with ",[15,60616,36225],{},[47,60618,60620],{"id":60619},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60622,60623],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60625,60626],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[164,60628,60629,60644,60649],{},[167,60630,143,60631,186,60635,196,60639,60643],{},[221,60632,60633],{"href":56592},[15,60634,52475],{},[221,60636,60637],{"href":53167},[15,60638,53269],{},[221,60640,60641],{"href":53731},[15,60642,54091],{}," to add items later",[167,60645,143,60646,60648],{},[221,60647,59220],{"href":50801}," for a broader introduction",[167,60650,143,60651,60655],{},[221,60652,60653,59883],{"href":59880},[15,60654,24809],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[47,60657,1879],{"id":1878},[260,60659,60661],{"id":60660},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60663,60664],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[52,60666,60667],{"className":54,"code":38325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,60668,60669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60670,60671],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60672,38325],{"class":93},[260,60674,60676],{"id":60675},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60678,60679],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[52,60681,60682],{"className":54,"code":54973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,60683,60684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60685,60686,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60687,1356],{"class":93},[61,60689,3035],{"class":75},[61,60691,106],{"class":93},[61,60693,3040],{"class":75},[61,60695,106],{"class":93},[61,60697,1020],{"class":75},[61,60699,1115],{"class":93},[260,60701,1883,60703,60705],{"id":60702},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60704,24809],{}," do in Python?",[20,60707,60708,60709,60711],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60710,36225],{},", into a list.",[260,60713,60715],{"id":60714},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60717,60718],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[260,60720,1911,60722,749,60724,1916],{"id":60721},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60723,3829],{},[15,60725,7400],{},[20,60727,60728,60730,60731,60733],{},[15,60729,3829],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60732,7400],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[47,60735,1938],{"id":1937},[164,60737,60738,60742,60748,60754,60760,60766,60770],{},[167,60739,60740],{},[221,60741,59220],{"href":50801},[167,60743,60744],{},[221,60745,55343,60746,11352],{"href":56592},[15,60747,52475],{},[167,60749,60750],{},[221,60751,55343,60752,11352],{"href":53167},[15,60753,53269],{},[167,60755,60756],{},[221,60757,55343,60758,11352],{"href":53731},[15,60759,54091],{},[167,60761,60762],{},[221,60763,13,60764,18],{"href":59880},[15,60765,24809],{},[167,60767,60768],{},[221,60769,59223],{"href":58318},[167,60771,60772],{},[221,60773,60774],{"href":12092},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60776,60777,60778,60780],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60779,52475],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1969,60782,60783],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":60785},[60786,60787,60788,60789,60792,60793,60799,60800,60810,60811,60820],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":15189,"depth":79,"text":15190},{"id":59115,"depth":79,"text":59116},{"id":59226,"depth":79,"text":59227,"children":60790},[60791],{"id":59428,"depth":86,"text":59429},{"id":59444,"depth":79,"text":59445},{"id":59641,"depth":79,"text":60794,"children":60795},"Create a list with list()",[60796,60797,60798],{"id":59666,"depth":86,"text":59667},{"id":59739,"depth":86,"text":59740},{"id":59804,"depth":86,"text":59805},{"id":59886,"depth":79,"text":59887},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":60801},[60802,60803,60805,60807,60808,60809],{"id":60023,"depth":86,"text":60024},{"id":60082,"depth":86,"text":60804},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60202,"depth":86,"text":60806},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60423,"depth":86,"text":60424},{"id":60508,"depth":86,"text":60509},{"id":60534,"depth":86,"text":60535},{"id":60619,"depth":79,"text":60620},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":60812},[60813,60814,60815,60817,60818],{"id":60660,"depth":86,"text":60661},{"id":60675,"depth":86,"text":60676},{"id":60702,"depth":86,"text":60816},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60714,"depth":86,"text":60715},{"id":60721,"depth":86,"text":60819},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58857,"description":60821},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60828,"title":60829,"body":60830,"description":62571,"extension":2017,"meta":62572,"navigation":82,"path":62573,"seo":62574,"stem":62575,"__hash__":62576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60831,"toc":62526},[60832,60837,60842,60845,60847,60918,60923,60928,60932,60946,60951,60953,60973,60978,60981,61004,61008,61013,61105,61107,61129,61135,61141,61148,61155,61161,61218,61224,61282,61284,61296,61304,61310,61315,61319,61376,61379,61383,61442,61445,61449,61507,61519,61523,61576,61579,61583,61589,61595,61657,61660,61721,61724,61780,61785,61787,61791,61798,61859,61864,61873,61929,61936,61940,61998,62007,62065,62069,62104,62108,62118,62121,62176,62190,62193,62308,62313,62317,62328,62330,62409,62419,62421,62426,62431,62438,62446,62452,62455,62461,62464,62470,62476,62478,62514,62523],[10,60833,54165,60835,11352],{"id":60834},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60836,53269],{},[20,60838,60839,60841],{},[15,60840,53170],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60843,60844],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[47,60846,2059],{"id":2058},[52,60848,60850],{"className":54,"code":60849,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60851,60852,60868,60885,60889,60904,60914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60853,60854,60856,60858,60860,60862,60864,60866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60855,3661],{"class":67},[61,60857,72],{"class":71},[61,60859,1088],{"class":93},[61,60861,3035],{"class":75},[61,60863,106],{"class":93},[61,60865,3040],{"class":75},[61,60867,1115],{"class":93},[61,60869,60870,60873,60875,60877,60879,60881,60883],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,60871,60872],{"class":67},"more_numbers ",[61,60874,72],{"class":71},[61,60876,1088],{"class":93},[61,60878,1046],{"class":75},[61,60880,106],{"class":93},[61,60882,2505],{"class":75},[61,60884,1115],{"class":93},[61,60886,60887],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,60888,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,60890,60891,60893,60895,60897,60899,60902],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,60892,3691],{"class":67},[61,60894,229],{"class":93},[61,60896,53299],{"class":102},[61,60898,94],{"class":93},[61,60900,60901],{"class":102},"more_numbers",[61,60903,258],{"class":93},[61,60905,60906,60908,60910,60912],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,60907,90],{"class":89},[61,60909,94],{"class":93},[61,60911,3691],{"class":102},[61,60913,258],{"class":93},[61,60915,60916],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,60917,52546],{"class":116},[20,60919,143,60920,60922],{},[15,60921,53269],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[47,60924,151,60926,154],{"id":60925},"what-listextend-does",[15,60927,53170],{},[20,60929,60930,1314],{},[15,60931,53269],{},[164,60933,60934,60937,60939,60942],{},[167,60935,60936],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[167,60938,54251],{},[167,60940,60941],{},"Does not create a new list",[167,60943,172,60944],{},[15,60945,3820],{},[20,60947,60948,60949,53624],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60950,53269],{},[47,60952,233],{"id":232},[52,60954,60956],{"className":54,"code":60955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60957,60958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60959,60960,60963,60965,60967,60969,60971],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60961,60962],{"class":67},"list_name",[61,60964,229],{"class":93},[61,60966,53299],{"class":102},[61,60968,94],{"class":93},[61,60970,3761],{"class":102},[61,60972,258],{"class":93},[20,60974,5489,60975,60977],{},[3784,60976,3761],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60979,60980],{},"Common iterables include:",[164,60982,60983,60987,60991,60995,61000],{},[167,60984,60985],{},[15,60986,192],{},[167,60988,60989],{},[15,60990,195],{},[167,60992,60993],{},[15,60994,6326],{},[167,60996,60997],{},[15,60998,60999],{},"string",[167,61001,61002],{},[15,61003,59823],{},[47,61005,61007],{"id":61006},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61009,61010,61011,1314],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61012,53269],{},[52,61014,61016],{"className":54,"code":61015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61017,61018,61042,61067,61071,61086,61090,61100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61019,61020,61022,61024,61026,61028,61030,61032,61034,61036,61038,61040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61021,36266],{"class":67},[61,61023,72],{"class":71},[61,61025,1088],{"class":93},[61,61027,1010],{"class":310},[61,61029,4118],{"class":314},[61,61031,1010],{"class":310},[61,61033,106],{"class":93},[61,61035,311],{"class":310},[61,61037,4127],{"class":314},[61,61039,1010],{"class":310},[61,61041,1115],{"class":93},[61,61043,61044,61047,61049,61051,61053,61055,61057,61059,61061,61063,61065],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61045,61046],{"class":67},"more_fruits ",[61,61048,72],{"class":71},[61,61050,1088],{"class":93},[61,61052,1010],{"class":310},[61,61054,33250],{"class":314},[61,61056,1010],{"class":310},[61,61058,106],{"class":93},[61,61060,311],{"class":310},[61,61062,22561],{"class":314},[61,61064,1010],{"class":310},[61,61066,1115],{"class":93},[61,61068,61069],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61070,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61072,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081,61084],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61074,36318],{"class":67},[61,61076,229],{"class":93},[61,61078,53299],{"class":102},[61,61080,94],{"class":93},[61,61082,61083],{"class":102},"more_fruits",[61,61085,258],{"class":93},[61,61087,61088],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61089,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61091,61092,61094,61096,61098],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,61093,90],{"class":89},[61,61095,94],{"class":93},[61,61097,36318],{"class":102},[61,61099,258],{"class":93},[61,61101,61102],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,61103,61104],{"class":116},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61106,11710],{},[164,61108,61109,61114,61119],{},[167,61110,61111,61113],{},[15,61112,36318],{}," starts with two items",[167,61115,61116,61118],{},[15,61117,61083],{}," has two more items",[167,61120,61121,61123,61124,61126,61127],{},[15,61122,53269],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61125,61083],{}," to ",[15,61128,36318],{},[20,61130,61131,61132,61134],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61133,36318],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61136,54390,61137,749,61139,229],{},[221,61138,52594],{"href":50801},[221,61140,56978],{"href":56977},[47,61142,61144,741,61146],{"id":61143},"extend-vs-append",[15,61145,53269],{},[15,61147,52475],{},[20,61149,61150,749,61152,61154],{},[15,61151,53269],{},[15,61153,52475],{}," are often confused.",[260,61156,61158,61160],{"id":61157},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61159,53269],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[52,61162,61164],{"className":54,"code":61163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61165,61166,61182,61200,61204,61214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61167,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61169,3661],{"class":67},[61,61171,72],{"class":71},[61,61173,1088],{"class":93},[61,61175,3035],{"class":75},[61,61177,106],{"class":93},[61,61179,3040],{"class":75},[61,61181,1115],{"class":93},[61,61183,61184,61186,61188,61190,61192,61194,61196,61198],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61185,3691],{"class":67},[61,61187,229],{"class":93},[61,61189,53299],{"class":102},[61,61191,3032],{"class":93},[61,61193,1046],{"class":75},[61,61195,106],{"class":93},[61,61197,2505],{"class":75},[61,61199,1365],{"class":93},[61,61201,61202],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61203,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61205,61206,61208,61210,61212],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61207,90],{"class":89},[61,61209,94],{"class":93},[61,61211,3691],{"class":102},[61,61213,258],{"class":93},[61,61215,61216],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61217,52546],{"class":116},[260,61219,61221,61223],{"id":61220},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61222,52475],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[52,61225,61227],{"className":54,"code":61226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61228,61229,61245,61263,61267,61277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61230,61231,61233,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61232,3661],{"class":67},[61,61234,72],{"class":71},[61,61236,1088],{"class":93},[61,61238,3035],{"class":75},[61,61240,106],{"class":93},[61,61242,3040],{"class":75},[61,61244,1115],{"class":93},[61,61246,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257,61259,61261],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61248,3691],{"class":67},[61,61250,229],{"class":93},[61,61252,13580],{"class":102},[61,61254,3032],{"class":93},[61,61256,1046],{"class":75},[61,61258,106],{"class":93},[61,61260,2505],{"class":75},[61,61262,1365],{"class":93},[61,61264,61265],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61266,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61268,61269,61271,61273,61275],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61270,90],{"class":89},[61,61272,94],{"class":93},[61,61274,3691],{"class":102},[61,61276,258],{"class":93},[61,61278,61279],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61280,61281],{"class":116},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61283,18722],{},[164,61285,61286,61291],{},[167,61287,61288,61290],{},[15,61289,53269],{}," to combine values",[167,61292,61293,61295],{},[15,61294,52475],{}," to add one item",[20,61297,42116,61298,749,61302,229],{},[221,61299,55343,61300,10770],{"href":56592},[15,61301,52475],{},[221,61303,52872],{"href":52871},[47,61305,8449,61307,61309],{"id":61306},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61308,53269],{}," with different iterables",[20,61311,61312,61314],{},[15,61313,53269],{}," works with more than just lists.",[260,61316,61318],{"id":61317},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[52,61320,61322],{"className":54,"code":61321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61323,61324,61340,61358,61362,61372],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61325,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336,61338],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61327,3865],{"class":67},[61,61329,72],{"class":71},[61,61331,1088],{"class":93},[61,61333,3035],{"class":75},[61,61335,106],{"class":93},[61,61337,3040],{"class":75},[61,61339,1115],{"class":93},[61,61341,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61343,5396],{"class":67},[61,61345,229],{"class":93},[61,61347,53299],{"class":102},[61,61349,5548],{"class":93},[61,61351,1046],{"class":75},[61,61353,106],{"class":93},[61,61355,2505],{"class":75},[61,61357,342],{"class":93},[61,61359,61360],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61361,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61363,61364,61366,61368,61370],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61365,90],{"class":89},[61,61367,94],{"class":93},[61,61369,5396],{"class":102},[61,61371,258],{"class":93},[61,61373,61374],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61375,52546],{"class":116},[20,61377,61378],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[260,61380,61382],{"id":61381},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[52,61384,61386],{"className":54,"code":61385,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61387,61388,61404,61423,61427,61437],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61389,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400,61402],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61391,36117],{"class":67},[61,61393,72],{"class":71},[61,61395,1088],{"class":93},[61,61397,1010],{"class":310},[61,61399,221],{"class":314},[61,61401,1010],{"class":310},[61,61403,1115],{"class":93},[61,61405,61406,61408,61410,61412,61414,61416,61419,61421],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61407,36170],{"class":67},[61,61409,229],{"class":93},[61,61411,53299],{"class":102},[61,61413,94],{"class":93},[61,61415,1010],{"class":310},[61,61417,61418],{"class":314},"bc",[61,61420,1010],{"class":310},[61,61422,258],{"class":93},[61,61424,61425],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61426,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61428,61429,61431,61433,61435],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61430,90],{"class":89},[61,61432,94],{"class":93},[61,61434,36170],{"class":102},[61,61436,258],{"class":93},[61,61438,61439],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61440,61441],{"class":116},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61443,61444],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[260,61446,61448],{"id":61447},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[52,61450,61452],{"className":54,"code":61451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61453,61454,61466,61488,61492,61502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61455,61456,61458,61460,61462,61464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61457,3661],{"class":67},[61,61459,72],{"class":71},[61,61461,1088],{"class":93},[61,61463,2175],{"class":75},[61,61465,1115],{"class":93},[61,61467,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482,61484,61486],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61469,3691],{"class":67},[61,61471,229],{"class":93},[61,61473,53299],{"class":102},[61,61475,94],{"class":93},[61,61477,59823],{"class":89},[61,61479,94],{"class":93},[61,61481,3035],{"class":75},[61,61483,106],{"class":93},[61,61485,2505],{"class":75},[61,61487,342],{"class":93},[61,61489,61490],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61491,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61493,61494,61496,61498,61500],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61495,90],{"class":89},[61,61497,94],{"class":93},[61,61499,3691],{"class":102},[61,61501,258],{"class":93},[61,61503,61504],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61505,61506],{"class":116},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61508,61509,61512,61513,186,61515,196,61517,229],{},[15,61510,61511],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61514,3035],{},[15,61516,2113],{},[15,61518,1046],{},[260,61520,61522],{"id":61521},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[52,61524,61526],{"className":54,"code":61525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61527,61528,61544,61562,61566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61529,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61531,7814],{"class":67},[61,61533,72],{"class":71},[61,61535,1088],{"class":93},[61,61537,3035],{"class":75},[61,61539,106],{"class":93},[61,61541,3040],{"class":75},[61,61543,1115],{"class":93},[61,61545,61546,61548,61550,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61547,7845],{"class":67},[61,61549,229],{"class":93},[61,61551,53299],{"class":102},[61,61553,5567],{"class":93},[61,61555,1046],{"class":75},[61,61557,106],{"class":93},[61,61559,2505],{"class":75},[61,61561,30524],{"class":93},[61,61563,61564],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61565,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61567,61568,61570,61572,61574],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61569,90],{"class":89},[61,61571,94],{"class":93},[61,61573,7845],{"class":102},[61,61575,258],{"class":93},[20,61577,61578],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[47,61580,61582],{"id":61581},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61584,61585,2446,61587,229],{},[15,61586,53269],{},[15,61588,3820],{},[20,61590,61591,61592,1314],{},"That means this is ",[3784,61593,61594],{},"wrong",[52,61596,61598],{"className":54,"code":61597,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61599,61600,61616,61638,61642,61652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61601,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610,61612,61614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61603,3661],{"class":67},[61,61605,72],{"class":71},[61,61607,1088],{"class":93},[61,61609,3035],{"class":75},[61,61611,106],{"class":93},[61,61613,3040],{"class":75},[61,61615,1115],{"class":93},[61,61617,61618,61620,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61619,1593],{"class":67},[61,61621,72],{"class":71},[61,61623,4303],{"class":67},[61,61625,229],{"class":93},[61,61627,53299],{"class":102},[61,61629,3032],{"class":93},[61,61631,1046],{"class":75},[61,61633,106],{"class":93},[61,61635,2505],{"class":75},[61,61637,1365],{"class":93},[61,61639,61640],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61641,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61643,61644,61646,61648,61650],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61645,90],{"class":89},[61,61647,94],{"class":93},[61,61649,1620],{"class":102},[61,61651,258],{"class":93},[61,61653,61654],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61655,61656],{"class":116},"# None\n",[20,61658,61659],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[52,61661,61663],{"className":54,"code":61662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61664,61665,61681,61703,61707,61717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61666,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61668,3661],{"class":67},[61,61670,72],{"class":71},[61,61672,1088],{"class":93},[61,61674,3035],{"class":75},[61,61676,106],{"class":93},[61,61678,3040],{"class":75},[61,61680,1115],{"class":93},[61,61682,61683,61685,61687,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699,61701],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61684,3661],{"class":67},[61,61686,72],{"class":71},[61,61688,4303],{"class":67},[61,61690,229],{"class":93},[61,61692,53299],{"class":102},[61,61694,3032],{"class":93},[61,61696,1046],{"class":75},[61,61698,106],{"class":93},[61,61700,2505],{"class":75},[61,61702,1365],{"class":93},[61,61704,61705],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61706,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61708,61709,61711,61713,61715],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61710,90],{"class":89},[61,61712,94],{"class":93},[61,61714,3691],{"class":102},[61,61716,258],{"class":93},[61,61718,61719],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61720,61656],{"class":116},[20,61722,61723],{},"The correct way is:",[52,61725,61726],{"className":54,"code":61163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,61727,61728,61744,61762,61766,61776],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61729,61730,61732,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61731,3661],{"class":67},[61,61733,72],{"class":71},[61,61735,1088],{"class":93},[61,61737,3035],{"class":75},[61,61739,106],{"class":93},[61,61741,3040],{"class":75},[61,61743,1115],{"class":93},[61,61745,61746,61748,61750,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61747,3691],{"class":67},[61,61749,229],{"class":93},[61,61751,53299],{"class":102},[61,61753,3032],{"class":93},[61,61755,1046],{"class":75},[61,61757,106],{"class":93},[61,61759,2505],{"class":75},[61,61761,1365],{"class":93},[61,61763,61764],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61765,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61767,61768,61770,61772,61774],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61769,90],{"class":89},[61,61771,94],{"class":93},[61,61773,3691],{"class":102},[61,61775,258],{"class":93},[61,61777,61778],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61779,52546],{"class":116},[20,61781,55732,61782,61784],{},[15,61783,53269],{}," first, then use the original list.",[47,61786,1387],{"id":1386},[20,61788,14760,61789,229],{},[15,61790,53269],{},[260,61792,61794,61795,61797],{"id":61793},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61796,53269],{}," to return a new list",[52,61799,61801],{"className":54,"code":61800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61802,61803,61819,61841,61845,61855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61804,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61806,3661],{"class":67},[61,61808,72],{"class":71},[61,61810,1088],{"class":93},[61,61812,3035],{"class":75},[61,61814,106],{"class":93},[61,61816,3040],{"class":75},[61,61818,1115],{"class":93},[61,61820,61821,61823,61825,61827,61829,61831,61833,61835,61837,61839],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61822,55465],{"class":67},[61,61824,72],{"class":71},[61,61826,4303],{"class":67},[61,61828,229],{"class":93},[61,61830,53299],{"class":102},[61,61832,3032],{"class":93},[61,61834,1046],{"class":75},[61,61836,106],{"class":93},[61,61838,2505],{"class":75},[61,61840,1365],{"class":93},[61,61842,61843],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61844,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61846,61847,61849,61851,61853],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61848,90],{"class":89},[61,61850,94],{"class":93},[61,61852,55484],{"class":102},[61,61854,258],{"class":93},[61,61856,61857],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61858,61656],{"class":116},[20,61860,61861,61862,229],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61863,53269],{},[260,61865,61867,61868,44649,61870,61872],{"id":61866},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61869,52475],{},[15,61871,53269],{}," is needed",[52,61874,61875],{"className":54,"code":61226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,61876,61877,61893,61911,61915,61925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61878,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61880,3661],{"class":67},[61,61882,72],{"class":71},[61,61884,1088],{"class":93},[61,61886,3035],{"class":75},[61,61888,106],{"class":93},[61,61890,3040],{"class":75},[61,61892,1115],{"class":93},[61,61894,61895,61897,61899,61901,61903,61905,61907,61909],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61896,3691],{"class":67},[61,61898,229],{"class":93},[61,61900,13580],{"class":102},[61,61902,3032],{"class":93},[61,61904,1046],{"class":75},[61,61906,106],{"class":93},[61,61908,2505],{"class":75},[61,61910,1365],{"class":93},[61,61912,61913],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61914,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61916,61917,61919,61921,61923],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61918,90],{"class":89},[61,61920,94],{"class":93},[61,61922,3691],{"class":102},[61,61924,258],{"class":93},[61,61926,61927],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61928,61281],{"class":116},[20,61930,61931,61932,53714,61934,1649],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61933,53713],{},[15,61935,53269],{},[260,61937,61939],{"id":61938},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[52,61941,61943],{"className":54,"code":61942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61944,61945,61961,61979,61983,61993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61946,61947,61949,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61948,4109],{"class":67},[61,61950,72],{"class":71},[61,61952,1088],{"class":93},[61,61954,1010],{"class":310},[61,61956,457],{"class":314},[61,61958,1010],{"class":310},[61,61960,1115],{"class":93},[61,61962,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971,61973,61975,61977],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,61964,4153],{"class":67},[61,61966,229],{"class":93},[61,61968,53299],{"class":102},[61,61970,94],{"class":93},[61,61972,1010],{"class":310},[61,61974,60416],{"class":314},[61,61976,1010],{"class":310},[61,61978,258],{"class":93},[61,61980,61981],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,61982,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,61984,61985,61987,61989,61991],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,61986,90],{"class":89},[61,61988,94],{"class":93},[61,61990,4153],{"class":102},[61,61992,258],{"class":93},[61,61994,61995],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,61996,61997],{"class":116},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61999,62000,62001,62004,62005,1314],{},"If you want ",[15,62002,62003],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62006,52475],{},[52,62008,62010],{"className":54,"code":62009,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62011,62012,62028,62046,62050,62060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62013,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62015,4109],{"class":67},[61,62017,72],{"class":71},[61,62019,1088],{"class":93},[61,62021,1010],{"class":310},[61,62023,457],{"class":314},[61,62025,1010],{"class":310},[61,62027,1115],{"class":93},[61,62029,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042,62044],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62031,4153],{"class":67},[61,62033,229],{"class":93},[61,62035,13580],{"class":102},[61,62037,94],{"class":93},[61,62039,1010],{"class":310},[61,62041,60416],{"class":314},[61,62043,1010],{"class":310},[61,62045,258],{"class":93},[61,62047,62048],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,62049,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,62051,62052,62054,62056,62058],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,62053,90],{"class":89},[61,62055,94],{"class":93},[61,62057,4153],{"class":102},[61,62059,258],{"class":93},[61,62061,62062],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,62063,62064],{"class":116},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[260,62066,62068],{"id":62067},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[52,62070,62072],{"className":54,"code":62071,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62073,62074,62090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62075,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62077,3661],{"class":67},[61,62079,72],{"class":71},[61,62081,1088],{"class":93},[61,62083,3035],{"class":75},[61,62085,106],{"class":93},[61,62087,3040],{"class":75},[61,62089,1115],{"class":93},[61,62091,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100,62102],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62093,3691],{"class":67},[61,62095,229],{"class":93},[61,62097,53299],{"class":102},[61,62099,94],{"class":93},[61,62101,2192],{"class":75},[61,62103,258],{"class":93},[20,62105,39682,62106,6586],{},[15,62107,2192],{},[20,62109,62110,62111,62113,62114,62117],{},"You will get a ",[15,62112,1382],{},". See ",[221,62115,62116],{"href":52422},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62119,62120],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[52,62122,62124],{"className":54,"code":62123,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62125,62126,62136,62150,62162],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62127,62128,62130,62132,62134],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62129,90],{"class":89},[61,62131,94],{"class":93},[61,62133,8371],{"class":102},[61,62135,258],{"class":93},[61,62137,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62139,90],{"class":89},[61,62141,94],{"class":93},[61,62143,657],{"class":109},[61,62145,94],{"class":93},[61,62147,5396],{"class":102},[61,62149,342],{"class":93},[61,62151,62152,62154,62156,62158,62160],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,62153,90],{"class":89},[61,62155,94],{"class":93},[61,62157,1620],{"class":102},[61,62159,664],{"class":93},[61,62161,258],{"class":67},[61,62163,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,62165,32181],{"class":89},[61,62167,94],{"class":93},[61,62169,192],{"class":109},[61,62171,229],{"class":93},[61,62173,53299],{"class":24778},[61,62175,258],{"class":93},[43603,62177,62178],{},[20,62179,62180,62181,62184,62185,62187,62188,229],{},"Note: ",[15,62182,62183],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62186,664],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62189,33056],{},[20,62191,62192],{},"Correct debugging example:",[52,62194,62196],{"className":54,"code":62195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62197,62198,62214,62230,62234,62248,62252,62260,62270,62284,62294],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62201,8340],{"class":67},[61,62203,72],{"class":71},[61,62205,1088],{"class":93},[61,62207,3035],{"class":75},[61,62209,106],{"class":93},[61,62211,3040],{"class":75},[61,62213,1115],{"class":93},[61,62215,62216,62218,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62217,3865],{"class":67},[61,62219,72],{"class":71},[61,62221,1088],{"class":93},[61,62223,1046],{"class":75},[61,62225,106],{"class":93},[61,62227,2505],{"class":75},[61,62229,1115],{"class":93},[61,62231,62232],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,62233,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,62235,62236,62238,62240,62242,62244,62246],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,62237,8371],{"class":67},[61,62239,229],{"class":93},[61,62241,53299],{"class":102},[61,62243,94],{"class":93},[61,62245,5396],{"class":102},[61,62247,258],{"class":93},[61,62249,62250],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,62251,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,62253,62254,62256,62258],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,62255,1593],{"class":67},[61,62257,72],{"class":71},[61,62259,48539],{"class":355},[61,62261,62262,62264,62266,62268],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,62263,90],{"class":89},[61,62265,94],{"class":93},[61,62267,8371],{"class":102},[61,62269,258],{"class":93},[61,62271,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,62273,90],{"class":89},[61,62275,94],{"class":93},[61,62277,657],{"class":109},[61,62279,94],{"class":93},[61,62281,5396],{"class":102},[61,62283,342],{"class":93},[61,62285,62286,62288,62290,62292],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,62287,90],{"class":89},[61,62289,94],{"class":93},[61,62291,1620],{"class":102},[61,62293,258],{"class":93},[61,62295,62296,62298,62300,62302,62304,62306],{"class":63,"line":998},[61,62297,32181],{"class":89},[61,62299,94],{"class":93},[61,62301,192],{"class":109},[61,62303,229],{"class":93},[61,62305,53299],{"class":24778},[61,62307,258],{"class":93},[47,62309,5001,62311],{"id":62310},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62312,53269],{},[20,62314,143,62315,6357],{},[15,62316,53269],{},[164,62318,62319,62322,62325],{},[167,62320,62321],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[167,62323,62324],{},"Add multiple values at once",[167,62326,62327],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62329,5509],{},[52,62331,62333],{"className":54,"code":62332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62334,62335,62352,62370,62374,62390,62394,62404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62336,62337,62340,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62338,62339],{"class":67},"all_scores ",[61,62341,72],{"class":71},[61,62343,1088],{"class":93},[61,62345,13529],{"class":75},[61,62347,106],{"class":93},[61,62349,13534],{"class":75},[61,62351,1115],{"class":93},[61,62353,62354,62357,62359,62361,62363,62365,62368],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62355,62356],{"class":67},"new_scores ",[61,62358,72],{"class":71},[61,62360,1088],{"class":93},[61,62362,51327],{"class":75},[61,62364,106],{"class":93},[61,62366,62367],{"class":75}," 92",[61,62369,1115],{"class":93},[61,62371,62372],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,62373,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,62375,62376,62379,62381,62383,62385,62388],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,62377,62378],{"class":67},"all_scores",[61,62380,229],{"class":93},[61,62382,53299],{"class":102},[61,62384,94],{"class":93},[61,62386,62387],{"class":102},"new_scores",[61,62389,258],{"class":93},[61,62391,62392],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,62393,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,62395,62396,62398,62400,62402],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,62397,90],{"class":89},[61,62399,94],{"class":93},[61,62401,62378],{"class":102},[61,62403,258],{"class":93},[61,62405,62406],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,62407,62408],{"class":116},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62410,62411,62412,62414,62415,229],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62413,52475],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[221,62416,55343,62417,10770],{"href":53731},[15,62418,54091],{},[47,62420,1879],{"id":1878},[260,62422,1928,62424,55292],{"id":62423},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62425,53170],{},[20,62427,62428,62429,229],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62430,3820],{},[260,62432,1911,62434,749,62436,1916],{"id":62433},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62435,53269],{},[15,62437,52475],{},[20,62439,62440,62442,62443,62445],{},[15,62441,53269],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62444,52475],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[260,62447,28355,62449,62451],{"id":62448},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62450,53269],{}," with a string?",[20,62453,62454],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[260,62456,28355,62458,62460],{"id":62457},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62459,53269],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62462,62463],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[260,62465,62467,62468,1916],{"id":62466},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62469,53269],{},[20,62471,62472,62473,62475],{},"You get a ",[15,62474,1382],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[47,62477,1938],{"id":1937},[164,62479,62480,62486,62490,62494,62498,62504,62508],{},[167,62481,62482],{},[221,62483,55343,62484,10770],{"href":56592},[15,62485,52475],{},[167,62487,62488],{},[221,62489,54101],{"href":52871},[167,62491,62492],{},[221,62493,57052],{"href":56977},[167,62495,62496],{},[221,62497,52594],{"href":50801},[167,62499,62500],{},[221,62501,55343,62502,10770],{"href":53731},[15,62503,54091],{},[167,62505,62506],{},[221,62507,62116],{"href":52422},[167,62509,62510],{},[221,62511,55343,62512,10770],{"href":54783},[15,62513,12803],{},[20,62515,62516,62517,62519,62520,62522],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62518,52475],{},", when to use ",[15,62521,54091],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1969,62524,62525],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":62527},[62528,62529,62531,62532,62533,62540,62547,62548,62556,62558,62570],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":60925,"depth":79,"text":62530},"What list.extend() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":61006,"depth":79,"text":61007},{"id":61143,"depth":79,"text":62534,"children":62535},"extend() vs append()",[62536,62538],{"id":61157,"depth":86,"text":62537},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61220,"depth":86,"text":62539},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61306,"depth":79,"text":62541,"children":62542},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62543,62544,62545,62546],{"id":61317,"depth":86,"text":61318},{"id":61381,"depth":86,"text":61382},{"id":61447,"depth":86,"text":61448},{"id":61521,"depth":86,"text":61522},{"id":61581,"depth":79,"text":61582},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":62549},[62550,62552,62554,62555],{"id":61793,"depth":86,"text":62551},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61866,"depth":86,"text":62553},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61938,"depth":86,"text":61939},{"id":62067,"depth":86,"text":62068},{"id":62310,"depth":79,"text":62557},"When to use extend()",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":62559},[62560,62562,62564,62566,62568],{"id":62423,"depth":86,"text":62561},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62433,"depth":86,"text":62563},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62448,"depth":86,"text":62565},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62457,"depth":86,"text":62567},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62466,"depth":86,"text":62569},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60829,"description":62571},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62578,"title":62579,"body":62580,"description":64671,"extension":2017,"meta":64672,"navigation":82,"path":64673,"seo":64674,"stem":64675,"__hash__":64676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62581,"toc":64634},[62582,62585,62590,62596,62607,62613,62615,62684,62686,62735,62743,62747,62752,62755,62766,62771,62773,62775,62796,62809,62812,62825,62827,62832,62857,62859,62867,62870,62939,62941,62965,62971,62975,62979,63015,63017,63037,63044,63048,63081,63083,63117,63122,63126,63159,63161,63189,63197,63201,63238,63240,63261,63264,63268,63337,63339,63363,63369,63376,63380,63383,63385,63399,63402,63426,63428,63453,63456,63475,63477,63503,63512,63516,63523,63600,63602,63643,63649,63655,63746,63748,63804,63807,63812,63816,63821,63825,63884,63886,63911,63915,63978,63980,64005,64009,64072,64074,64117,64120,64124,64128,64150,64154,64236,64238,64273,64281,64283,64287,64291,64293,64320,64325,64327,64354,64361,64364,64387,64389,64438,64441,64444,64463,64467,64470,64521,64524,64530,64534,64539,64542,64544,64550,64559,64563,64569,64573,64576,64580,64583,64587,64593,64595,64631],[10,62583,62579],{"id":62584},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62586,9156,62587,62589],{},[15,62588,24809],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62591,62592,62593,62595],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62594,24809],{}," for two main reasons:",[164,62597,62598,62601],{},[167,62599,62600],{},"to make an empty list",[167,62602,62603,62604,62606],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62605,59823],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62608,62609,62610,62612],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62611,24809],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[47,62614,2059],{"id":2058},[52,62616,62618],{"className":54,"code":62617,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62619,62620,62642,62660,62664,62674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62621,62622,62624,62626,62628,62630,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62623,3661],{"class":67},[61,62625,72],{"class":71},[61,62627,605],{"class":109},[61,62629,5548],{"class":93},[61,62631,3035],{"class":75},[61,62633,106],{"class":93},[61,62635,3040],{"class":75},[61,62637,106],{"class":93},[61,62639,1020],{"class":75},[61,62641,342],{"class":93},[61,62643,62644,62646,62648,62650,62652,62654,62656,62658],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62645,36117],{"class":67},[61,62647,72],{"class":71},[61,62649,605],{"class":109},[61,62651,94],{"class":93},[61,62653,1010],{"class":310},[61,62655,41585],{"class":314},[61,62657,1010],{"class":310},[61,62659,258],{"class":93},[61,62661,62662],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,62663,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,62665,62666,62668,62670,62672],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,62667,90],{"class":89},[61,62669,94],{"class":93},[61,62671,3691],{"class":102},[61,62673,258],{"class":93},[61,62675,62676,62678,62680,62682],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,62677,90],{"class":89},[61,62679,94],{"class":93},[61,62681,36170],{"class":102},[61,62683,258],{"class":93},[20,62685,345],{},[52,62687,62689],{"className":54,"code":62688,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62690,62691,62707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62692,62693,62695,62697,62699,62701,62703,62705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62694,1356],{"class":93},[61,62696,3035],{"class":75},[61,62698,106],{"class":93},[61,62700,3040],{"class":75},[61,62702,106],{"class":93},[61,62704,1020],{"class":75},[61,62706,1115],{"class":93},[61,62708,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727,62729,62731,62733],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62710,1356],{"class":93},[61,62712,3348],{"class":310},[61,62714,221],{"class":314},[61,62716,3348],{"class":310},[61,62718,106],{"class":93},[61,62720,3343],{"class":310},[61,62722,1101],{"class":314},[61,62724,3348],{"class":310},[61,62726,106],{"class":93},[61,62728,3343],{"class":310},[61,62730,1110],{"class":314},[61,62732,3348],{"class":310},[61,62734,1115],{"class":93},[20,62736,143,62737,62739,62740,62742],{},[15,62738,24809],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62741,59823],{},", set, or dictionary.",[47,62744,62746],{"id":62745},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62748,62749,62751],{},[15,62750,24809],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62753,62754],{},"It can:",[164,62756,62757,62760,62763],{},[167,62758,62759],{},"create a new list object",[167,62761,62762],{},"make an empty list",[167,62764,62765],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62767,62768,62769,229],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[221,62770,52594],{"href":50801},[47,62772,233],{"id":232},[20,62774,26513],{},[52,62776,62778],{"className":54,"code":62777,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62779,62780,62786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62781,62782,62784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62783,192],{"class":109},[61,62785,8676],{"class":93},[61,62787,62788,62790,62792,62794],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62789,192],{"class":109},[61,62791,94],{"class":93},[61,62793,3761],{"class":102},[61,62795,258],{"class":93},[164,62797,62798,62803],{},[167,62799,62800,62802],{},[15,62801,24809],{}," makes an empty list",[167,62804,62805,62808],{},[15,62806,62807],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62810,62811],{},"Common iterable values include:",[164,62813,62814,62816,62818,62820,62823],{},[167,62815,5346],{},[167,62817,5340],{},[167,62819,5343],{},[167,62821,62822],{},"ranges",[167,62824,7285],{},[47,62826,59445],{"id":59444},[20,62828,143,62829,62831],{},[15,62830,24809],{}," with no arguments:",[52,62833,62835],{"className":54,"code":62834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62836,62837,62847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62838,62839,62841,62843,62845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62840,7814],{"class":67},[61,62842,72],{"class":71},[61,62844,605],{"class":109},[61,62846,8676],{"class":93},[61,62848,62849,62851,62853,62855],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62850,90],{"class":89},[61,62852,94],{"class":93},[61,62854,7845],{"class":102},[61,62856,258],{"class":93},[20,62858,345],{},[52,62860,62861],{"className":54,"code":38325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,62862,62863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62864,62865],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62866,38325],{"class":93},[20,62868,62869],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[52,62871,62873],{"className":54,"code":62872,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62874,62875,62885,62889,62907,62925,62929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62876,62877,62879,62881,62883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62878,7814],{"class":67},[61,62880,72],{"class":71},[61,62882,605],{"class":109},[61,62884,8676],{"class":93},[61,62886,62887],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,62888,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,62890,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,62892,7845],{"class":67},[61,62894,229],{"class":93},[61,62896,13580],{"class":102},[61,62898,94],{"class":93},[61,62900,1010],{"class":310},[61,62902,4118],{"class":314},[61,62904,1010],{"class":310},[61,62906,258],{"class":93},[61,62908,62909,62911,62913,62915,62917,62919,62921,62923],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,62910,7845],{"class":67},[61,62912,229],{"class":93},[61,62914,13580],{"class":102},[61,62916,94],{"class":93},[61,62918,1010],{"class":310},[61,62920,4127],{"class":314},[61,62922,1010],{"class":310},[61,62924,258],{"class":93},[61,62926,62927],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,62928,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,62930,62931,62933,62935,62937],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,62932,90],{"class":89},[61,62934,94],{"class":93},[61,62936,7845],{"class":102},[61,62938,258],{"class":93},[20,62940,345],{},[52,62942,62943],{"className":54,"code":38451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,62944,62945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62946,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62948,1356],{"class":93},[61,62950,3348],{"class":310},[61,62952,4118],{"class":314},[61,62954,3348],{"class":310},[61,62956,106],{"class":93},[61,62958,3343],{"class":310},[61,62960,4127],{"class":314},[61,62962,3348],{"class":310},[61,62964,1115],{"class":93},[20,62966,62967,62968,62970],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62969,3829],{},". Both are valid.",[47,62972,62974],{"id":62973},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[260,62976,62978],{"id":62977},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[52,62980,62981],{"className":54,"code":59743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,62982,62983,63005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62984,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62986,3661],{"class":67},[61,62988,72],{"class":71},[61,62990,605],{"class":109},[61,62992,5548],{"class":93},[61,62994,3035],{"class":75},[61,62996,106],{"class":93},[61,62998,3040],{"class":75},[61,63000,106],{"class":93},[61,63002,1020],{"class":75},[61,63004,342],{"class":93},[61,63006,63007,63009,63011,63013],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63008,90],{"class":89},[61,63010,94],{"class":93},[61,63012,3691],{"class":102},[61,63014,258],{"class":93},[20,63016,345],{},[52,63018,63019],{"className":54,"code":54973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63020,63021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63022,63023,63025,63027,63029,63031,63033,63035],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63024,1356],{"class":93},[61,63026,3035],{"class":75},[61,63028,106],{"class":93},[61,63030,3040],{"class":75},[61,63032,106],{"class":93},[61,63034,1020],{"class":75},[61,63036,1115],{"class":93},[20,63038,63039,63040,229],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[221,63041,63043],{"href":63042},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[260,63045,63047],{"id":63046},"string-to-list","String to list",[52,63049,63051],{"className":54,"code":63050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63052,63053,63071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63054,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063,63065,63067,63069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63056,36117],{"class":67},[61,63058,72],{"class":71},[61,63060,605],{"class":109},[61,63062,94],{"class":93},[61,63064,1010],{"class":310},[61,63066,37075],{"class":314},[61,63068,1010],{"class":310},[61,63070,258],{"class":93},[61,63072,63073,63075,63077,63079],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63074,90],{"class":89},[61,63076,94],{"class":93},[61,63078,36170],{"class":102},[61,63080,258],{"class":93},[20,63082,345],{},[52,63084,63086],{"className":54,"code":63085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63087,63088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63089,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110,63113,63115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63091,1356],{"class":93},[61,63093,3348],{"class":310},[61,63095,1110],{"class":314},[61,63097,3348],{"class":310},[61,63099,106],{"class":93},[61,63101,3343],{"class":310},[61,63103,221],{"class":314},[61,63105,3348],{"class":310},[61,63107,106],{"class":93},[61,63109,3343],{"class":310},[61,63111,63112],{"class":314},"t",[61,63114,3348],{"class":310},[61,63116,1115],{"class":93},[20,63118,63119,63121],{},[15,63120,24809],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[260,63123,63125],{"id":63124},"range-to-list","Range to list",[52,63127,63129],{"className":54,"code":63128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63130,63131,63149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63132,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63134,3661],{"class":67},[61,63136,72],{"class":71},[61,63138,605],{"class":109},[61,63140,94],{"class":93},[61,63142,59823],{"class":89},[61,63144,94],{"class":93},[61,63146,2192],{"class":75},[61,63148,342],{"class":93},[61,63150,63151,63153,63155,63157],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63152,90],{"class":89},[61,63154,94],{"class":93},[61,63156,3691],{"class":102},[61,63158,258],{"class":93},[20,63160,345],{},[52,63162,63163],{"className":54,"code":59846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63164,63165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63166,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183,63185,63187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63168,1356],{"class":93},[61,63170,2175],{"class":75},[61,63172,106],{"class":93},[61,63174,5535],{"class":75},[61,63176,106],{"class":93},[61,63178,3040],{"class":75},[61,63180,106],{"class":93},[61,63182,1020],{"class":75},[61,63184,106],{"class":93},[61,63186,2505],{"class":75},[61,63188,1115],{"class":93},[20,63190,63191,63192,63196],{},"This is common when working with ",[221,63193,63194],{"href":36222},[15,63195,36225],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[260,63198,63200],{"id":63199},"set-to-list","Set to list",[52,63202,63204],{"className":54,"code":63203,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63205,63206,63228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63207,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63209,3865],{"class":67},[61,63211,72],{"class":71},[61,63213,605],{"class":109},[61,63215,5567],{"class":93},[61,63217,2379],{"class":75},[61,63219,106],{"class":93},[61,63221,7825],{"class":75},[61,63223,106],{"class":93},[61,63225,7830],{"class":75},[61,63227,30524],{"class":93},[61,63229,63230,63232,63234,63236],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63231,90],{"class":89},[61,63233,94],{"class":93},[61,63235,5396],{"class":102},[61,63237,258],{"class":93},[20,63239,16985],{},[52,63241,63243],{"className":54,"code":63242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63244,63245],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63246,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63248,1356],{"class":93},[61,63250,2379],{"class":75},[61,63252,106],{"class":93},[61,63254,7825],{"class":75},[61,63256,106],{"class":93},[61,63258,7830],{"class":75},[61,63260,1115],{"class":93},[20,63262,63263],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[260,63265,63267],{"id":63266},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[52,63269,63271],{"className":54,"code":63270,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63272,63273,63309,63323,63327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63274,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63276,13231],{"class":67},[61,63278,72],{"class":71},[61,63280,1305],{"class":93},[61,63282,1010],{"class":310},[61,63284,335],{"class":314},[61,63286,1010],{"class":310},[61,63288,1314],{"class":93},[61,63290,311],{"class":310},[61,63292,1319],{"class":314},[61,63294,1010],{"class":310},[61,63296,106],{"class":93},[61,63298,311],{"class":310},[61,63300,9331],{"class":314},[61,63302,1010],{"class":310},[61,63304,1314],{"class":93},[61,63306,9338],{"class":75},[61,63308,1324],{"class":93},[61,63310,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319,63321],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63312,1593],{"class":67},[61,63314,72],{"class":71},[61,63316,605],{"class":109},[61,63318,94],{"class":93},[61,63320,17333],{"class":102},[61,63322,258],{"class":93},[61,63324,63325],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,63326,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,63328,63329,63331,63333,63335],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,63330,90],{"class":89},[61,63332,94],{"class":93},[61,63334,1620],{"class":102},[61,63336,258],{"class":93},[20,63338,345],{},[52,63340,63341],{"className":54,"code":25509,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63342,63343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63344,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63346,1356],{"class":93},[61,63348,3348],{"class":310},[61,63350,335],{"class":314},[61,63352,3348],{"class":310},[61,63354,106],{"class":93},[61,63356,3343],{"class":310},[61,63358,9331],{"class":314},[61,63360,3348],{"class":310},[61,63362,1115],{"class":93},[20,63364,63365,63366,63368],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63367,24809],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63370,63371,63372,229],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[221,63373,63375],{"href":63374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[47,63377,63379],{"id":63378},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63381,63382],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63384,60980],{},[164,63386,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397],{},[167,63388,5337],{},[167,63390,5340],{},[167,63392,5346],{},[167,63394,5343],{},[167,63396,62822],{},[167,63398,7285],{},[20,63400,63401],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[52,63403,63405],{"className":54,"code":63404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63406,63407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63408,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417,63419,63422,63424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63410,90],{"class":89},[61,63412,94],{"class":93},[61,63414,192],{"class":109},[61,63416,94],{"class":93},[61,63418,1010],{"class":310},[61,63420,63421],{"class":314},"hi",[61,63423,1010],{"class":310},[61,63425,342],{"class":93},[20,63427,345],{},[52,63429,63431],{"className":54,"code":63430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63432,63433],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63434,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63436,1356],{"class":93},[61,63438,3348],{"class":310},[61,63440,60263],{"class":314},[61,63442,3348],{"class":310},[61,63444,106],{"class":93},[61,63446,3343],{"class":310},[61,63448,36181],{"class":314},[61,63450,3348],{"class":310},[61,63452,1115],{"class":93},[20,63454,63455],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[52,63457,63459],{"className":54,"code":63458,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63460,63461],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63462,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63464,90],{"class":89},[61,63466,94],{"class":93},[61,63468,192],{"class":109},[61,63470,94],{"class":93},[61,63472,2192],{"class":75},[61,63474,342],{"class":93},[20,63476,345],{},[52,63478,63480],{"className":54,"code":63479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63481,63482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63483,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63485,1382],{"class":109},[61,63487,1314],{"class":93},[61,63489,3343],{"class":310},[61,63491,189],{"class":314},[61,63493,3348],{"class":310},[61,63495,24645],{"class":109},[61,63497,8130],{"class":71},[61,63499,908],{"class":71},[61,63501,63502],{"class":67}," iterable\n",[20,63504,63505,63506,63508,63509,229],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[221,63507,5177],{"href":5624},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[221,63510,63511],{"href":52422},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[47,63513,63515],{"id":63514},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63517,63518,63519,63522],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63520,63521],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[52,63524,63526],{"className":54,"code":63525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63527,63528,63548,63562,63566,63576,63586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63529,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63531,12113],{"class":67},[61,63533,72],{"class":71},[61,63535,1088],{"class":93},[61,63537,3035],{"class":75},[61,63539,106],{"class":93},[61,63541,3040],{"class":75},[61,63543,106],{"class":93},[61,63545,1020],{"class":75},[61,63547,1115],{"class":93},[61,63549,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63551,14338],{"class":67},[61,63553,72],{"class":71},[61,63555,605],{"class":109},[61,63557,94],{"class":93},[61,63559,12160],{"class":102},[61,63561,258],{"class":93},[61,63563,63564],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,63565,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,63567,63568,63570,63572,63574],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,63569,90],{"class":89},[61,63571,94],{"class":93},[61,63573,12160],{"class":102},[61,63575,258],{"class":93},[61,63577,63578,63580,63582,63584],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,63579,90],{"class":89},[61,63581,94],{"class":93},[61,63583,14357],{"class":102},[61,63585,258],{"class":93},[61,63587,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,63589,90],{"class":89},[61,63591,94],{"class":93},[61,63593,12113],{"class":102},[61,63595,1199],{"class":672},[61,63597,14411],{"class":102},[61,63599,258],{"class":93},[20,63601,345],{},[52,63603,63605],{"className":54,"code":63604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63606,63607,63623,63639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63608,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63610,1356],{"class":93},[61,63612,3035],{"class":75},[61,63614,106],{"class":93},[61,63616,3040],{"class":75},[61,63618,106],{"class":93},[61,63620,1020],{"class":75},[61,63622,1115],{"class":93},[61,63624,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63626,1356],{"class":93},[61,63628,3035],{"class":75},[61,63630,106],{"class":93},[61,63632,3040],{"class":75},[61,63634,106],{"class":93},[61,63636,1020],{"class":75},[61,63638,1115],{"class":93},[61,63640,63641],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,63642,436],{"class":355},[20,63644,63645,63646,63648],{},"This means ",[15,63647,14357],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63650,63651,63652,63654],{},"However, this is only a ",[3784,63653,12877],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[52,63656,63658],{"className":54,"code":63657,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63659,63660,63686,63700,63704,63722,63726,63736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63661,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63663,12113],{"class":67},[61,63665,72],{"class":71},[61,63667,56117],{"class":93},[61,63669,3035],{"class":75},[61,63671,106],{"class":93},[61,63673,3040],{"class":75},[61,63675,18089],{"class":93},[61,63677,1088],{"class":93},[61,63679,1046],{"class":75},[61,63681,106],{"class":93},[61,63683,2505],{"class":75},[61,63685,53065],{"class":93},[61,63687,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63689,14338],{"class":67},[61,63691,72],{"class":71},[61,63693,605],{"class":109},[61,63695,94],{"class":93},[61,63697,12160],{"class":102},[61,63699,258],{"class":93},[61,63701,63702],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,63703,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,63705,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,63707,14357],{"class":67},[61,63709,1356],{"class":93},[61,63711,2175],{"class":75},[61,63713,13577],{"class":93},[61,63715,13580],{"class":102},[61,63717,94],{"class":93},[61,63719,56170],{"class":75},[61,63721,258],{"class":93},[61,63723,63724],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,63725,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,63727,63728,63730,63732,63734],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,63729,90],{"class":89},[61,63731,94],{"class":93},[61,63733,12160],{"class":102},[61,63735,258],{"class":93},[61,63737,63738,63740,63742,63744],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,63739,90],{"class":89},[61,63741,94],{"class":93},[61,63743,14357],{"class":102},[61,63745,258],{"class":93},[20,63747,345],{},[52,63749,63750],{"className":54,"code":56201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,63751,63752,63778],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63753,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63755,56208],{"class":93},[61,63757,3035],{"class":75},[61,63759,106],{"class":93},[61,63761,3040],{"class":75},[61,63763,106],{"class":93},[61,63765,10228],{"class":75},[61,63767,18089],{"class":93},[61,63769,1088],{"class":93},[61,63771,1046],{"class":75},[61,63773,106],{"class":93},[61,63775,2505],{"class":75},[61,63777,53065],{"class":93},[61,63779,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63781,56208],{"class":93},[61,63783,3035],{"class":75},[61,63785,106],{"class":93},[61,63787,3040],{"class":75},[61,63789,106],{"class":93},[61,63791,10228],{"class":75},[61,63793,18089],{"class":93},[61,63795,1088],{"class":93},[61,63797,1046],{"class":75},[61,63799,106],{"class":93},[61,63801,2505],{"class":75},[61,63803,53065],{"class":93},[20,63805,63806],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63808,63809,63810,229],{},"For more on this, see ",[221,63811,13817],{"href":13816},[47,63813,63815],{"id":63814},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63817,63818,63819,229],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63820,24809],{},[260,63822,63824],{"id":63823},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[52,63826,63828],{"className":54,"code":63827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63829,63830,63870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63831,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63833,12890],{"class":67},[61,63835,72],{"class":71},[61,63837,1305],{"class":93},[61,63839,1010],{"class":310},[61,63841,335],{"class":314},[61,63843,1010],{"class":310},[61,63845,1314],{"class":93},[61,63847,311],{"class":310},[61,63849,7956],{"class":314},[61,63851,1010],{"class":310},[61,63853,106],{"class":93},[61,63855,311],{"class":310},[61,63857,19918],{"class":314},[61,63859,1010],{"class":310},[61,63861,1314],{"class":93},[61,63863,311],{"class":310},[61,63865,22273],{"class":314},[61,63867,1010],{"class":310},[61,63869,1324],{"class":93},[61,63871,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63873,90],{"class":89},[61,63875,94],{"class":93},[61,63877,192],{"class":109},[61,63879,94],{"class":93},[61,63881,13652],{"class":102},[61,63883,342],{"class":93},[20,63885,345],{},[52,63887,63889],{"className":54,"code":63888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63890,63891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63892,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63894,1356],{"class":93},[61,63896,3348],{"class":310},[61,63898,335],{"class":314},[61,63900,3348],{"class":310},[61,63902,106],{"class":93},[61,63904,3343],{"class":310},[61,63906,19918],{"class":314},[61,63908,3348],{"class":310},[61,63910,1115],{"class":93},[260,63912,63914],{"id":63913},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[52,63916,63918],{"className":54,"code":63917,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63919,63920,63960],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63921,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63923,12890],{"class":67},[61,63925,72],{"class":71},[61,63927,1305],{"class":93},[61,63929,1010],{"class":310},[61,63931,335],{"class":314},[61,63933,1010],{"class":310},[61,63935,1314],{"class":93},[61,63937,311],{"class":310},[61,63939,7956],{"class":314},[61,63941,1010],{"class":310},[61,63943,106],{"class":93},[61,63945,311],{"class":310},[61,63947,19918],{"class":314},[61,63949,1010],{"class":310},[61,63951,1314],{"class":93},[61,63953,311],{"class":310},[61,63955,22273],{"class":314},[61,63957,1010],{"class":310},[61,63959,1324],{"class":93},[61,63961,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,63963,90],{"class":89},[61,63965,94],{"class":93},[61,63967,192],{"class":109},[61,63969,94],{"class":93},[61,63971,13652],{"class":102},[61,63973,229],{"class":93},[61,63975,5396],{"class":102},[61,63977,6329],{"class":93},[20,63979,345],{},[52,63981,63983],{"className":54,"code":63982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63984,63985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63988,1356],{"class":93},[61,63990,3348],{"class":310},[61,63992,7956],{"class":314},[61,63994,3348],{"class":310},[61,63996,106],{"class":93},[61,63998,3343],{"class":310},[61,64000,22273],{"class":314},[61,64002,3348],{"class":310},[61,64004,1115],{"class":93},[260,64006,64008],{"id":64007},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[52,64010,64012],{"className":54,"code":64011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64013,64014,64054],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64015,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64017,12890],{"class":67},[61,64019,72],{"class":71},[61,64021,1305],{"class":93},[61,64023,1010],{"class":310},[61,64025,335],{"class":314},[61,64027,1010],{"class":310},[61,64029,1314],{"class":93},[61,64031,311],{"class":310},[61,64033,7956],{"class":314},[61,64035,1010],{"class":310},[61,64037,106],{"class":93},[61,64039,311],{"class":310},[61,64041,19918],{"class":314},[61,64043,1010],{"class":310},[61,64045,1314],{"class":93},[61,64047,311],{"class":310},[61,64049,22273],{"class":314},[61,64051,1010],{"class":310},[61,64053,1324],{"class":93},[61,64055,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,64057,90],{"class":89},[61,64059,94],{"class":93},[61,64061,192],{"class":109},[61,64063,94],{"class":93},[61,64065,13652],{"class":102},[61,64067,229],{"class":93},[61,64069,7845],{"class":102},[61,64071,6329],{"class":93},[20,64073,345],{},[52,64075,64077],{"className":54,"code":64076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64078,64079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64082,21768],{"class":93},[61,64084,3348],{"class":310},[61,64086,335],{"class":314},[61,64088,3348],{"class":310},[61,64090,106],{"class":93},[61,64092,3343],{"class":310},[61,64094,7956],{"class":314},[61,64096,3348],{"class":310},[61,64098,9266],{"class":93},[61,64100,572],{"class":93},[61,64102,3348],{"class":310},[61,64104,19918],{"class":314},[61,64106,3348],{"class":310},[61,64108,106],{"class":93},[61,64110,3343],{"class":310},[61,64112,22273],{"class":314},[61,64114,3348],{"class":310},[61,64116,9281],{"class":93},[20,64118,64119],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[47,64121,64123],{"id":64122},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64125,143,64126,10630],{},[15,64127,24809],{},[164,64129,64130,64138,64147],{},[167,64131,64132,64133,31,64135],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64134,52475],{},[15,64136,64137],{},"sort()",[167,64139,64140,64141,31,64143,64146],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64142,36225],{},[15,64144,64145],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[167,64148,64149],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64151,46055,64152,1314],{},[15,64153,64145],{},[52,64155,64157],{"className":54,"code":64156,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64158,64159,64183,64199,64203,64226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64160,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64162,5035],{"class":67},[61,64164,72],{"class":71},[61,64166,1088],{"class":93},[61,64168,1010],{"class":310},[61,64170,1319],{"class":314},[61,64172,1010],{"class":310},[61,64174,106],{"class":93},[61,64176,311],{"class":310},[61,64178,35967],{"class":314},[61,64180,1010],{"class":310},[61,64182,1115],{"class":93},[61,64184,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,64186,5104],{"class":67},[61,64188,72],{"class":71},[61,64190,1088],{"class":93},[61,64192,13529],{"class":75},[61,64194,106],{"class":93},[61,64196,13534],{"class":75},[61,64198,1115],{"class":93},[61,64200,64201],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,64202,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,64204,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,64206,9248],{"class":67},[61,64208,72],{"class":71},[61,64210,605],{"class":109},[61,64212,94],{"class":93},[61,64214,64215],{"class":89},"zip",[61,64217,94],{"class":93},[61,64219,5079],{"class":102},[61,64221,106],{"class":93},[61,64223,5151],{"class":102},[61,64225,342],{"class":93},[61,64227,64228,64230,64232,64234],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,64229,90],{"class":89},[61,64231,94],{"class":93},[61,64233,9294],{"class":102},[61,64235,258],{"class":93},[20,64237,345],{},[52,64239,64241],{"className":54,"code":64240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64242,64243],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64244,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64246,21768],{"class":93},[61,64248,3348],{"class":310},[61,64250,1319],{"class":314},[61,64252,3348],{"class":310},[61,64254,106],{"class":93},[61,64256,19925],{"class":75},[61,64258,9266],{"class":93},[61,64260,572],{"class":93},[61,64262,3348],{"class":310},[61,64264,35967],{"class":314},[61,64266,3348],{"class":310},[61,64268,106],{"class":93},[61,64270,13534],{"class":75},[61,64272,9281],{"class":93},[20,64274,64275,64276,64278,64279,229],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64277,52475],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[221,64280,52872],{"href":52871},[47,64282,1387],{"id":1386},[20,64284,56599,64285,229],{},[15,64286,24809],{},[260,64288,64290],{"id":64289},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64292,4564],{},[52,64294,64296],{"className":54,"code":64295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64297,64298,64302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64299,64300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64301,4574],{"class":116},[61,64303,64304,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,64305,192],{"class":109},[61,64307,94],{"class":93},[61,64309,3035],{"class":75},[61,64311,106],{"class":93},[61,64313,3040],{"class":75},[61,64315,106],{"class":93},[61,64317,1020],{"class":75},[61,64319,258],{"class":93},[20,64321,64322,64324],{},[15,64323,24809],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64326,18722],{},[52,64328,64330],{"className":54,"code":64329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64331,64332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64333,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64335,90],{"class":89},[61,64337,94],{"class":93},[61,64339,192],{"class":109},[61,64341,5548],{"class":93},[61,64343,3035],{"class":75},[61,64345,106],{"class":93},[61,64347,3040],{"class":75},[61,64349,106],{"class":93},[61,64351,1020],{"class":75},[61,64353,582],{"class":93},[260,64355,64357,64358],{"id":64356},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[61,64359,64360],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64362,64363],{},"This is a common surprise:",[52,64365,64367],{"className":54,"code":64366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64368,64369],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64370,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64372,90],{"class":89},[61,64374,94],{"class":93},[61,64376,192],{"class":109},[61,64378,94],{"class":93},[61,64380,1010],{"class":310},[61,64382,457],{"class":314},[61,64384,1010],{"class":310},[61,64386,342],{"class":93},[20,64388,345],{},[52,64390,64392],{"className":54,"code":64391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64393,64394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64395,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64397,1356],{"class":93},[61,64399,3348],{"class":310},[61,64401,60263],{"class":314},[61,64403,3348],{"class":310},[61,64405,106],{"class":93},[61,64407,3343],{"class":310},[61,64409,60272],{"class":314},[61,64411,3348],{"class":310},[61,64413,106],{"class":93},[61,64415,3343],{"class":310},[61,64417,60281],{"class":314},[61,64419,3348],{"class":310},[61,64421,106],{"class":93},[61,64423,3343],{"class":310},[61,64425,60281],{"class":314},[61,64427,3348],{"class":310},[61,64429,106],{"class":93},[61,64431,3343],{"class":310},[61,64433,60298],{"class":314},[61,64435,3348],{"class":310},[61,64437,1115],{"class":93},[20,64439,64440],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64442,64443],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[52,64445,64447],{"className":54,"code":64446,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64448,64449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64450,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64452,90],{"class":89},[61,64454,3032],{"class":93},[61,64456,1010],{"class":310},[61,64458,457],{"class":314},[61,64460,1010],{"class":310},[61,64462,1365],{"class":93},[260,64464,64466],{"id":64465},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64468,64469],{},"This:",[52,64471,64473],{"className":54,"code":64472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64474,64475,64507],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64476,64477,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64478,9199],{"class":67},[61,64480,72],{"class":71},[61,64482,1305],{"class":93},[61,64484,1010],{"class":310},[61,64486,221],{"class":314},[61,64488,1010],{"class":310},[61,64490,1314],{"class":93},[61,64492,5535],{"class":75},[61,64494,106],{"class":93},[61,64496,311],{"class":310},[61,64498,1101],{"class":314},[61,64500,1010],{"class":310},[61,64502,1314],{"class":93},[61,64504,3040],{"class":75},[61,64506,1324],{"class":93},[61,64508,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,64510,90],{"class":89},[61,64512,94],{"class":93},[61,64514,192],{"class":109},[61,64516,94],{"class":93},[61,64518,9237],{"class":102},[61,64520,342],{"class":93},[20,64522,64523],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64525,143,64526,64529],{},[15,64527,64528],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[260,64531,64533],{"id":64532},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64535,64536,64538],{},[15,64537,24809],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64540,64541],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[47,64543,1879],{"id":1878},[260,64545,1911,64547,64549],{"id":64546},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[61,64548],{}," and list()?",[20,64551,64552,64553,64555,64556,64558],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64554,3829],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64557,24809],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[260,64560,64562],{"id":64561},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64564,64565,64566,64568],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64567,24809],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[260,64570,64572],{"id":64571},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64574,64575],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[260,64577,64579],{"id":64578},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64581,64582],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[260,64584,64586],{"id":64585},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64588,64589,64590,64592],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64591,24809],{}," cannot loop through it.",[47,64594,1938],{"id":1937},[164,64596,64597,64601,64606,64610,64614,64618,64622,64627],{},[167,64598,64599],{},[221,64600,52594],{"href":50801},[167,64602,64603],{},[221,64604,64605],{"href":36222},"Python range() function explained",[167,64607,64608],{},[221,64609,63043],{"href":63042},[167,64611,64612],{},[221,64613,63375],{"href":63374},[167,64615,64616],{},[221,64617,5253],{"href":5624},[167,64619,64620],{},[221,64621,13817],{"href":13816},[167,64623,64624],{},[221,64625,64626],{"href":52422},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[167,64628,64629],{},[221,64630,54101],{"href":52871},[1969,64632,64633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":64635},[64636,64637,64638,64639,64640,64647,64648,64649,64654,64655,64662,64670],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":62745,"depth":79,"text":62746},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":59444,"depth":79,"text":59445},{"id":62973,"depth":79,"text":62974,"children":64641},[64642,64643,64644,64645,64646],{"id":62977,"depth":86,"text":62978},{"id":63046,"depth":86,"text":63047},{"id":63124,"depth":86,"text":63125},{"id":63199,"depth":86,"text":63200},{"id":63266,"depth":86,"text":63267},{"id":63378,"depth":79,"text":63379},{"id":63514,"depth":79,"text":63515},{"id":63814,"depth":79,"text":63815,"children":64650},[64651,64652,64653],{"id":63823,"depth":86,"text":63824},{"id":63913,"depth":86,"text":63914},{"id":64007,"depth":86,"text":64008},{"id":64122,"depth":79,"text":64123},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":64656},[64657,64658,64660,64661],{"id":64289,"depth":86,"text":64290},{"id":64356,"depth":86,"text":64659},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64465,"depth":86,"text":64466},{"id":64532,"depth":86,"text":64533},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":64663},[64664,64666,64667,64668,64669],{"id":64546,"depth":86,"text":64665},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64561,"depth":86,"text":64562},{"id":64571,"depth":86,"text":64572},{"id":64578,"depth":86,"text":64579},{"id":64585,"depth":86,"text":64586},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62579,"description":64671},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64678,"title":64679,"body":64680,"description":66031,"extension":2017,"meta":66032,"navigation":82,"path":66033,"seo":66034,"stem":66035,"__hash__":66036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64681,"toc":66005},[64682,64687,64693,64702,64704,64777,64786,64791,64795,64811,64815,64817,64819,64838,64841,64869,64872,64897,64905,64907,64912,64919,64921,64978,64980,64988,64994,64998,65001,65074,65076,65084,65087,65110,65117,65123,65127,65133,65204,65206,65214,65223,65230,65237,65245,65389,65391,65408,65411,65450,65453,65457,65462,65464,65523,65529,65532,65639,65641,65656,65659,65666,65668,65672,65820,65823,65884,65887,65890,65911,65916,65920,65931,65934,65936,65941,65944,65952,65957,65963,65966,65972,65980,65982,66002],[10,64683,54165,64685,11352],{"id":64684},"python-list-index-method",[15,64686,58792],{},[20,64688,64689,64692],{},[15,64690,64691],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64694,64695,64696,64699,64700,229],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3784,64697,64698],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64701,40730],{},[47,64703,50],{"id":49},[52,64705,64707],{"className":54,"code":64706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64708,64709,64741,64764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64710,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64712,7814],{"class":67},[61,64714,72],{"class":71},[61,64716,1088],{"class":93},[61,64718,1010],{"class":310},[61,64720,4118],{"class":314},[61,64722,1010],{"class":310},[61,64724,106],{"class":93},[61,64726,311],{"class":310},[61,64728,4127],{"class":314},[61,64730,1010],{"class":310},[61,64732,106],{"class":93},[61,64734,311],{"class":310},[61,64736,4136],{"class":314},[61,64738,1010],{"class":310},[61,64740,1115],{"class":93},[61,64742,64743,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,64744,64745],{"class":67},"position ",[61,64747,72],{"class":71},[61,64749,6004],{"class":67},[61,64751,229],{"class":93},[61,64753,35872],{"class":102},[61,64755,94],{"class":93},[61,64757,1010],{"class":310},[61,64759,4127],{"class":314},[61,64761,1010],{"class":310},[61,64763,258],{"class":93},[61,64765,64766,64768,64770,64773,64775],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,64767,90],{"class":89},[61,64769,94],{"class":93},[61,64771,64772],{"class":102},"position",[61,64774,664],{"class":93},[61,64776,27806],{"class":116},[20,64778,143,64779,64782,64783,64785],{},[15,64780,64781],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64784,40730],{}," if the item is not found.",[47,64787,151,64789,154],{"id":64788},"what-listindex-does",[15,64790,64691],{},[20,64792,64793,1314],{},[15,64794,64691],{},[164,64796,64797,64800,64803,64808],{},[167,64798,64799],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[167,64801,64802],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[167,64804,64805,64806],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64807,2175],{},[167,64809,64810],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64812,54390,64813,229],{},[221,64814,52594],{"href":54393},[47,64816,233],{"id":232},[20,64818,30753],{},[52,64820,64822],{"className":54,"code":64821,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64823,64824],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64825,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64827,8371],{"class":67},[61,64829,229],{"class":93},[61,64831,35872],{"class":102},[61,64833,94],{"class":93},[61,64835,103],{"class":102},[61,64837,258],{"class":93},[20,64839,64840],{},"You can also limit the search:",[52,64842,64844],{"className":54,"code":64843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64845,64846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64847,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64849,8371],{"class":67},[61,64851,229],{"class":93},[61,64853,35872],{"class":102},[61,64855,94],{"class":93},[61,64857,103],{"class":102},[61,64859,106],{"class":93},[61,64861,36078],{"class":102},[61,64863,106],{"class":93},[61,64865,64866],{"class":102}," end",[61,64868,258],{"class":93},[20,64870,64871],{},"Here is what each part means:",[164,64873,64874,64879,64884,64889],{},[167,64875,64876,64878],{},[15,64877,103],{},": the item to search for",[167,64880,64881,64883],{},[15,64882,36099],{},": where the search begins",[167,64885,64886,64888],{},[15,64887,52483],{},": where the search stops",[167,64890,64891,4823,64893,64896],{},[15,64892,52483],{},[3784,64894,64895],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64898,64899,64900,64902,64903,229],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64901,36099],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64904,52483],{},[47,64906,38048],{"id":38047},[20,64908,64909,64911],{},[15,64910,64691],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64913,64914,64915,64918],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3784,64916,64917],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64920,295],{},[52,64922,64924],{"className":54,"code":64923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64925,64926,64946,64964,64968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64927,64928,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64929,3661],{"class":67},[61,64931,72],{"class":71},[61,64933,1088],{"class":93},[61,64935,2379],{"class":75},[61,64937,106],{"class":93},[61,64939,7825],{"class":75},[61,64941,106],{"class":93},[61,64943,7830],{"class":75},[61,64945,1115],{"class":93},[61,64947,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,64949,1593],{"class":67},[61,64951,72],{"class":71},[61,64953,4303],{"class":67},[61,64955,229],{"class":93},[61,64957,35872],{"class":102},[61,64959,94],{"class":93},[61,64961,15782],{"class":75},[61,64963,258],{"class":93},[61,64965,64966],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,64967,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,64969,64970,64972,64974,64976],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,64971,90],{"class":89},[61,64973,94],{"class":93},[61,64975,1620],{"class":102},[61,64977,258],{"class":93},[20,64979,345],{},[52,64981,64982],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,64983,64984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64985,64986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64987,46930],{"class":75},[20,64989,64990,64991,64993],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64992,58792],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[47,64995,64997],{"id":64996},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64999,65000],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[52,65002,65004],{"className":54,"code":65003,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65005,65006,65038,65060,65064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65007,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65009,36266],{"class":67},[61,65011,72],{"class":71},[61,65013,1088],{"class":93},[61,65015,1010],{"class":310},[61,65017,4118],{"class":314},[61,65019,1010],{"class":310},[61,65021,106],{"class":93},[61,65023,311],{"class":310},[61,65025,4127],{"class":314},[61,65027,1010],{"class":310},[61,65029,106],{"class":93},[61,65031,311],{"class":310},[61,65033,4136],{"class":314},[61,65035,1010],{"class":310},[61,65037,1115],{"class":93},[61,65039,65040,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,65041,64745],{"class":67},[61,65043,72],{"class":71},[61,65045,52674],{"class":67},[61,65047,229],{"class":93},[61,65049,35872],{"class":102},[61,65051,94],{"class":93},[61,65053,1010],{"class":310},[61,65055,4136],{"class":314},[61,65057,1010],{"class":310},[61,65059,258],{"class":93},[61,65061,65062],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,65063,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,65065,65066,65068,65070,65072],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,65067,90],{"class":89},[61,65069,94],{"class":93},[61,65071,64772],{"class":102},[61,65073,258],{"class":93},[20,65075,345],{},[52,65077,65078],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,65079,65080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65081,65082],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65083,17083],{"class":75},[20,65085,65086],{},"In this list:",[164,65088,65089,65096,65103],{},[167,65090,65091,65093,65094],{},[15,65092,57657],{}," is at index ",[15,65095,2175],{},[167,65097,65098,65093,65101],{},[15,65099,65100],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65102,3035],{},[167,65104,65105,65093,65108],{},[15,65106,65107],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65109,2113],{},[20,65111,53476,65112,2446,65115,229],{},[15,65113,65114],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65116,2113],{},[20,65118,51365,65119,229],{},[221,65120,65122],{"href":65121},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[47,65124,65126],{"id":65125},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65128,65129,65130,65132],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65131,58792],{}," returns the first match only.",[52,65134,65136],{"className":54,"code":65135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65137,65138,65178,65182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65139,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65141,13102],{"class":67},[61,65143,72],{"class":71},[61,65145,1088],{"class":93},[61,65147,1010],{"class":310},[61,65149,13119],{"class":314},[61,65151,1010],{"class":310},[61,65153,106],{"class":93},[61,65155,311],{"class":310},[61,65157,13136],{"class":314},[61,65159,1010],{"class":310},[61,65161,106],{"class":93},[61,65163,311],{"class":310},[61,65165,13119],{"class":314},[61,65167,1010],{"class":310},[61,65169,106],{"class":93},[61,65171,311],{"class":310},[61,65173,17482],{"class":314},[61,65175,1010],{"class":310},[61,65177,1115],{"class":93},[61,65179,65180],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,65181,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,65183,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,65185,90],{"class":89},[61,65187,94],{"class":93},[61,65189,17529],{"class":102},[61,65191,229],{"class":93},[61,65193,35872],{"class":102},[61,65195,94],{"class":93},[61,65197,1010],{"class":310},[61,65199,13119],{"class":314},[61,65201,1010],{"class":310},[61,65203,342],{"class":93},[20,65205,345],{},[52,65207,65208],{"className":54,"code":47265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,65209,65210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65211,65212],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65213,47265],{"class":75},[20,65215,21005,65216,65219,65220,65222],{},[15,65217,65218],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65221,2175],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65224,65225,65226,229],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[221,65227,55343,65228,10770],{"href":58851},[15,65229,57114],{},[47,65231,8449,65233,749,65235],{"id":65232},"using-start-and-end",[15,65234,36099],{},[15,65236,52483],{},[20,65238,65239,65240,749,65242,65244],{},"The optional ",[15,65241,36099],{},[15,65243,52483],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[52,65246,65248],{"className":54,"code":65247,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65249,65250,65298,65302,65327,65356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65251,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65253,36117],{"class":67},[61,65255,72],{"class":71},[61,65257,1088],{"class":93},[61,65259,1010],{"class":310},[61,65261,221],{"class":314},[61,65263,1010],{"class":310},[61,65265,106],{"class":93},[61,65267,311],{"class":310},[61,65269,1101],{"class":314},[61,65271,1010],{"class":310},[61,65273,106],{"class":93},[61,65275,311],{"class":310},[61,65277,1110],{"class":314},[61,65279,1010],{"class":310},[61,65281,106],{"class":93},[61,65283,311],{"class":310},[61,65285,1101],{"class":314},[61,65287,1010],{"class":310},[61,65289,106],{"class":93},[61,65291,311],{"class":310},[61,65293,18795],{"class":314},[61,65295,1010],{"class":310},[61,65297,1115],{"class":93},[61,65299,65300],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,65301,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,65303,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,65305,90],{"class":89},[61,65307,94],{"class":93},[61,65309,36170],{"class":102},[61,65311,229],{"class":93},[61,65313,35872],{"class":102},[61,65315,94],{"class":93},[61,65317,1010],{"class":310},[61,65319,1101],{"class":314},[61,65321,1010],{"class":310},[61,65323,113],{"class":93},[61,65325,65326],{"class":116},"        # first match\n",[61,65328,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,65330,90],{"class":89},[61,65332,94],{"class":93},[61,65334,36170],{"class":102},[61,65336,229],{"class":93},[61,65338,35872],{"class":102},[61,65340,94],{"class":93},[61,65342,1010],{"class":310},[61,65344,1101],{"class":314},[61,65346,1010],{"class":310},[61,65348,106],{"class":93},[61,65350,3040],{"class":75},[61,65352,113],{"class":93},[61,65354,65355],{"class":116},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[61,65357,65358,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,65359,90],{"class":89},[61,65361,94],{"class":93},[61,65363,36170],{"class":102},[61,65365,229],{"class":93},[61,65367,35872],{"class":102},[61,65369,94],{"class":93},[61,65371,1010],{"class":310},[61,65373,1101],{"class":314},[61,65375,1010],{"class":310},[61,65377,106],{"class":93},[61,65379,5535],{"class":75},[61,65381,106],{"class":93},[61,65383,2505],{"class":75},[61,65385,113],{"class":93},[61,65387,65388],{"class":116},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65390,345],{},[52,65392,65394],{"className":54,"code":65393,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65395,65396,65400,65404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65397,65398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65399,46930],{"class":75},[61,65401,65402],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,65403,46630],{"class":75},[61,65405,65406],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,65407,46930],{"class":75},[20,65409,65410],{},"How this works:",[164,65412,65413,65425,65438],{},[167,65414,65415,65418,65419,65422,65423],{},[15,65416,65417],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65420,65421],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65424,3035],{},[167,65426,65427,65430,65431,65433,65434,65422,65436],{},[15,65428,65429],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65432,2113],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65435,65421],{},[15,65437,1046],{},[167,65439,65440,65443,65444,186,65446,196,65448],{},[15,65441,65442],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65445,3035],{},[15,65447,2113],{},[15,65449,1046],{},[20,65451,65452],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[47,65454,65456],{"id":65455},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65458,65459,65460,229],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65461,40730],{},[20,65463,295],{},[52,65465,65467],{"className":54,"code":65466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65468,65469,65501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65470,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65472,7814],{"class":67},[61,65474,72],{"class":71},[61,65476,1088],{"class":93},[61,65478,1010],{"class":310},[61,65480,4118],{"class":314},[61,65482,1010],{"class":310},[61,65484,106],{"class":93},[61,65486,311],{"class":310},[61,65488,4127],{"class":314},[61,65490,1010],{"class":310},[61,65492,106],{"class":93},[61,65494,311],{"class":310},[61,65496,4136],{"class":314},[61,65498,1010],{"class":310},[61,65500,1115],{"class":93},[61,65502,65503,65505,65507,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,65504,90],{"class":89},[61,65506,94],{"class":93},[61,65508,7845],{"class":102},[61,65510,229],{"class":93},[61,65512,35872],{"class":102},[61,65514,94],{"class":93},[61,65516,1010],{"class":310},[61,65518,33250],{"class":314},[61,65520,1010],{"class":310},[61,65522,342],{"class":93},[20,65524,39682,65525,65528],{},[15,65526,65527],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65530,65531],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[52,65533,65535],{"className":54,"code":65534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65536,65537,65569,65582,65586,65599,65618,65624],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65538,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65540,7814],{"class":67},[61,65542,72],{"class":71},[61,65544,1088],{"class":93},[61,65546,1010],{"class":310},[61,65548,4118],{"class":314},[61,65550,1010],{"class":310},[61,65552,106],{"class":93},[61,65554,311],{"class":310},[61,65556,4127],{"class":314},[61,65558,1010],{"class":310},[61,65560,106],{"class":93},[61,65562,311],{"class":310},[61,65564,4136],{"class":314},[61,65566,1010],{"class":310},[61,65568,1115],{"class":93},[61,65570,65571,65574,65576,65578,65580],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,65572,65573],{"class":67},"search_value ",[61,65575,72],{"class":71},[61,65577,311],{"class":310},[61,65579,33250],{"class":314},[61,65581,318],{"class":310},[61,65583,65584],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,65585,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,65587,65588,65590,65593,65595,65597],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,65589,1124],{"class":672},[61,65591,65592],{"class":67}," search_value ",[61,65594,3924],{"class":71},[61,65596,6004],{"class":67},[61,65598,6433],{"class":93},[61,65600,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65616],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,65602,1141],{"class":89},[61,65604,94],{"class":93},[61,65606,7845],{"class":102},[61,65608,229],{"class":93},[61,65610,35872],{"class":102},[61,65612,94],{"class":93},[61,65614,65615],{"class":102},"search_value",[61,65617,342],{"class":93},[61,65619,65620,65622],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,65621,27460],{"class":672},[61,65623,6433],{"class":93},[61,65625,65626,65628,65630,65632,65635,65637],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,65627,1141],{"class":89},[61,65629,94],{"class":93},[61,65631,1010],{"class":310},[61,65633,65634],{"class":314},"Item not found",[61,65636,1010],{"class":310},[61,65638,258],{"class":93},[20,65640,345],{},[52,65642,65644],{"className":54,"code":65643,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Item not found\n",[15,65645,65646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65647,65648,65651,65653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65649,65650],{"class":67},"Item ",[61,65652,4670],{"class":71},[61,65654,65655],{"class":67}," found\n",[20,65657,65658],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65660,65661,65662,229],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[221,65663,65665],{"href":65664},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[47,65667,1387],{"id":1386},[20,65669,21239,65670,1314],{},[15,65671,64691],{},[164,65673,65674,65692,65704,65764],{},[167,65675,1564,65676,2446,65678,65681,65682,65684,65685,5199,65687,65689,65690,229],{},[15,65677,58792],{},[15,65679,65680],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9877,65683],{},"\nPython does ",[3784,65686,4670],{},[15,65688,65680],{},". It raises ",[15,65691,40730],{},[167,65693,65694,65695,65697,65700,65701,65703],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9877,65696],{},[15,65698,65699],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65702,65100],{},", not the value itself.",[167,65705,8449,65706,1395,65709,65711,65713,65714,1443,65716,65739,1400,65741],{},[15,65707,65708],{},"index[]",[15,65710,58792],{},[9877,65712],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9877,65715],{},[52,65717,65719],{"className":54,"code":65718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65720,65721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65722,65723,65725,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65724,7845],{"class":67},[61,65726,229],{"class":93},[61,65728,35872],{"class":102},[61,65730,94],{"class":93},[61,65732,1010],{"class":310},[61,65734,4127],{"class":314},[61,65736,1010],{"class":310},[61,65738,258],{"class":93},[9877,65740],{},[52,65742,65744],{"className":54,"code":65743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65745,65746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65747,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65749,7845],{"class":67},[61,65751,229],{"class":93},[61,65753,35872],{"class":24778},[61,65755,1356],{"class":93},[61,65757,1010],{"class":310},[61,65759,4127],{"class":314},[61,65761,1010],{"class":310},[61,65763,1115],{"class":93},[167,65765,65766,65767,65769,749,65772,65774,65775],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9877,65768],{},[15,65770,65771],{},"\"3\"",[15,65773,1046],{}," are different values in Python.",[52,65776,65778],{"className":54,"code":65777,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65779,65780,65800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65781,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65783,3661],{"class":67},[61,65785,72],{"class":71},[61,65787,1088],{"class":93},[61,65789,3035],{"class":75},[61,65791,106],{"class":93},[61,65793,3040],{"class":75},[61,65795,106],{"class":93},[61,65797,1020],{"class":75},[61,65799,1115],{"class":93},[61,65801,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,65803,90],{"class":89},[61,65805,94],{"class":93},[61,65807,1010],{"class":310},[61,65809,1046],{"class":314},[61,65811,1010],{"class":310},[61,65813,21201],{"class":672},[61,65815,4303],{"class":102},[61,65817,664],{"class":93},[61,65819,4811],{"class":116},[20,65821,65822],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[52,65824,65826],{"className":54,"code":65825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65827,65828,65838,65852,65866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65829,65830,65832,65834,65836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65831,90],{"class":89},[61,65833,94],{"class":93},[61,65835,8371],{"class":102},[61,65837,258],{"class":93},[61,65839,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,65841,90],{"class":89},[61,65843,94],{"class":93},[61,65845,657],{"class":109},[61,65847,94],{"class":93},[61,65849,65615],{"class":102},[61,65851,342],{"class":93},[61,65853,65854,65856,65858,65860,65862,65864],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,65855,90],{"class":89},[61,65857,94],{"class":93},[61,65859,65573],{"class":102},[61,65861,3924],{"class":672},[61,65863,8427],{"class":102},[61,65865,258],{"class":93},[61,65867,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,65869,90],{"class":89},[61,65871,94],{"class":93},[61,65873,8371],{"class":102},[61,65875,229],{"class":93},[61,65877,35872],{"class":102},[61,65879,94],{"class":93},[61,65881,65615],{"class":102},[61,65883,342],{"class":93},[20,65885,65886],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65888,65889],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[164,65891,65892,65895,65902,65908],{},[167,65893,65894],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[167,65896,65897,65898,1395,65900],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65899,65771],{},[15,65901,1046],{},[167,65903,65904,65905,65907],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65906,58792],{}," returns only the first one",[167,65909,65910],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[47,65912,5001,65914],{"id":65913},"when-to-use-index",[15,65915,58792],{},[20,65917,143,65918,10630],{},[15,65919,58792],{},[164,65921,65922,65925,65928],{},[167,65923,65924],{},"You need the position of a known value",[167,65926,65927],{},"You are working with a small list",[167,65929,65930],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65932,65933],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[47,65935,1879],{"id":1878},[260,65937,1883,65939,1886],{"id":65938},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65940,64691],{},[20,65942,65943],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[260,65945,1928,65947,5199,65949,65951],{"id":65946},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65948,64691],{},[15,65950,65680],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65953,65954,65955,1649],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65956,40730],{},[260,65958,1898,65960,65962],{"id":65959},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65961,64691],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65964,65965],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[260,65967,65969,65970,1916],{"id":65968},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65971,58792],{},[20,65973,65974,65975,749,65977,65979],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65976,36099],{},[15,65978,52483],{}," arguments.",[47,65981,1938],{"id":1937},[164,65983,65984,65988,65992,65996],{},[167,65985,65986],{},[221,65987,58780],{"href":65121},[167,65989,65990],{},[221,65991,52594],{"href":54393},[167,65993,65994],{},[221,65995,65665],{"href":65664},[167,65997,65998],{},[221,65999,55343,66000,10770],{"href":58851},[15,66001,57114],{},[1969,66003,66004],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":66006},[66007,66008,66010,66011,66012,66013,66014,66016,66017,66018,66020,66030],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":64788,"depth":79,"text":66009},"What list.index() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":38047,"depth":79,"text":38048},{"id":64996,"depth":79,"text":64997},{"id":65125,"depth":79,"text":65126},{"id":65232,"depth":79,"text":66015},"Using start and end",{"id":65455,"depth":79,"text":65456},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387},{"id":65913,"depth":79,"text":66019},"When to use index()",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":66021},[66022,66024,66026,66028],{"id":65938,"depth":86,"text":66023},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65946,"depth":86,"text":66025},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65959,"depth":86,"text":66027},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65968,"depth":86,"text":66029},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64679,"description":66031},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66038,"title":66039,"body":66040,"description":67982,"extension":2017,"meta":67983,"navigation":82,"path":67984,"seo":67985,"stem":67986,"__hash__":67987},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66041,"toc":67942},[66042,66047,66052,66055,66064,66121,66127,66132,66136,66150,66156,66158,66181,66198,66200,66261,66263,66295,66308,66310,66313,66413,66415,66493,66499,66503,66511,66515,66521,66576,66578,66602,66606,66609,66662,66664,66688,66692,66695,66748,66750,66774,66778,66784,66855,66857,66898,66904,66911,66914,66919,66927,66932,66940,66942,67039,67041,67110,67117,67122,67124,67128,67133,67135,67206,67208,67237,67243,67245,67272,67275,67298,67302,67305,67327,67330,67353,67355,67415,67417,67449,67455,67460,67513,67515,67540,67543,67592,67594,67615,67619,67624,67627,67682,67684,67711,67718,67722,67727,67798,67801,67815,67820,67825,67827,67841,67853,67858,67860,67865,67870,67874,67877,67883,67889,67896,67904,67906,67939],[10,66043,54165,66045,11352],{"id":66044},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66046,54091],{},[20,66048,66049,66051],{},[15,66050,53734],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66053,66054],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66056,143,66057,66059,66060,229],{},[15,66058,54091],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[221,66061,55343,66062,10770],{"href":56592},[15,66063,52475],{},[52,66065,66067],{"className":54,"code":66066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66068,66069,66089,66107,66117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66070,66071,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66072,3661],{"class":67},[61,66074,72],{"class":71},[61,66076,1088],{"class":93},[61,66078,3035],{"class":75},[61,66080,106],{"class":93},[61,66082,3040],{"class":75},[61,66084,106],{"class":93},[61,66086,2505],{"class":75},[61,66088,1115],{"class":93},[61,66090,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66092,3691],{"class":67},[61,66094,229],{"class":93},[61,66096,53774],{"class":102},[61,66098,94],{"class":93},[61,66100,2113],{"class":75},[61,66102,106],{"class":93},[61,66104,1020],{"class":75},[61,66106,258],{"class":93},[61,66108,66109,66111,66113,66115],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,66110,90],{"class":89},[61,66112,94],{"class":93},[61,66114,3691],{"class":102},[61,66116,258],{"class":93},[61,66118,66119],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,66120,52546],{"class":116},[20,66122,143,66123,66126],{},[15,66124,66125],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[47,66128,151,66130,154],{"id":66129},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66131,53734],{},[20,66133,66134,1314],{},[15,66135,53734],{},[164,66137,66138,66141,66144,66146],{},[167,66139,66140],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[167,66142,66143],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[167,66145,54251],{},[167,66147,172,66148],{},[15,66149,3820],{},[20,66151,66152,66153,66155],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66154,54091],{}," does not create a new list.",[47,66157,5468],{"id":5467},[52,66159,66161],{"className":54,"code":66160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66162,66163],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66164,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66166,8371],{"class":67},[61,66168,229],{"class":93},[61,66170,53774],{"class":102},[61,66172,94],{"class":93},[61,66174,35872],{"class":102},[61,66176,106],{"class":93},[61,66178,29534],{"class":102},[61,66180,258],{"class":93},[164,66182,66183,66188,66193],{},[167,66184,66185,66187],{},[15,66186,35872],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[167,66189,66190,66192],{},[15,66191,23338],{}," is the value to add",[167,66194,66195,66196],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66197,2175],{},[20,66199,295],{},[52,66201,66203],{"className":54,"code":66202,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66204,66205,66229,66251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66206,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66208,36117],{"class":67},[61,66210,72],{"class":71},[61,66212,1088],{"class":93},[61,66214,1010],{"class":310},[61,66216,221],{"class":314},[61,66218,1010],{"class":310},[61,66220,106],{"class":93},[61,66222,311],{"class":310},[61,66224,1110],{"class":314},[61,66226,1010],{"class":310},[61,66228,1115],{"class":93},[61,66230,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241,66243,66245,66247,66249],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66232,36170],{"class":67},[61,66234,229],{"class":93},[61,66236,53774],{"class":102},[61,66238,94],{"class":93},[61,66240,3035],{"class":75},[61,66242,106],{"class":93},[61,66244,311],{"class":310},[61,66246,1101],{"class":314},[61,66248,1010],{"class":310},[61,66250,258],{"class":93},[61,66252,66253,66255,66257,66259],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,66254,90],{"class":89},[61,66256,94],{"class":93},[61,66258,36170],{"class":102},[61,66260,258],{"class":93},[20,66262,345],{},[52,66264,66265],{"className":54,"code":42898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,66266,66267],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66268,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66270,1356],{"class":93},[61,66272,3348],{"class":310},[61,66274,221],{"class":314},[61,66276,3348],{"class":310},[61,66278,106],{"class":93},[61,66280,3343],{"class":310},[61,66282,1101],{"class":314},[61,66284,3348],{"class":310},[61,66286,106],{"class":93},[61,66288,3343],{"class":310},[61,66290,1110],{"class":314},[61,66292,3348],{"class":310},[61,66294,1115],{"class":93},[20,66296,20798,66297,66299,66300,66302,66303,749,66305,229],{},[15,66298,65421],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66301,3035],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66304,18123],{},[15,66306,66307],{},"\"c\"",[47,66309,5825],{"id":5824},[20,66311,66312],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[52,66314,66316],{"className":54,"code":66315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66317,66318,66350,66368,66372,66394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66319,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66321,13102],{"class":67},[61,66323,72],{"class":71},[61,66325,1088],{"class":93},[61,66327,1010],{"class":310},[61,66329,13119],{"class":314},[61,66331,1010],{"class":310},[61,66333,106],{"class":93},[61,66335,311],{"class":310},[61,66337,13136],{"class":314},[61,66339,1010],{"class":310},[61,66341,106],{"class":93},[61,66343,311],{"class":310},[61,66345,17482],{"class":314},[61,66347,1010],{"class":310},[61,66349,1115],{"class":93},[61,66351,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66353,90],{"class":89},[61,66355,94],{"class":93},[61,66357,1010],{"class":310},[61,66359,11591],{"class":314},[61,66361,1010],{"class":310},[61,66363,106],{"class":93},[61,66365,13150],{"class":102},[61,66367,258],{"class":93},[61,66369,66370],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,66371,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,66373,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,66375,17529],{"class":67},[61,66377,229],{"class":93},[61,66379,53774],{"class":102},[61,66381,94],{"class":93},[61,66383,3035],{"class":75},[61,66385,106],{"class":93},[61,66387,311],{"class":310},[61,66389,22552],{"class":314},[61,66391,1010],{"class":310},[61,66393,258],{"class":93},[61,66395,66396,66398,66400,66402,66405,66407,66409,66411],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,66397,90],{"class":89},[61,66399,94],{"class":93},[61,66401,1010],{"class":310},[61,66403,66404],{"class":314},"After: ",[61,66406,1010],{"class":310},[61,66408,106],{"class":93},[61,66410,13150],{"class":102},[61,66412,258],{"class":93},[20,66414,345],{},[52,66416,66418],{"className":54,"code":66417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66419,66420,66452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66421,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66423,11650],{"class":67},[61,66425,1314],{"class":93},[61,66427,1088],{"class":93},[61,66429,3348],{"class":310},[61,66431,13119],{"class":314},[61,66433,3348],{"class":310},[61,66435,106],{"class":93},[61,66437,3343],{"class":310},[61,66439,13136],{"class":314},[61,66441,3348],{"class":310},[61,66443,106],{"class":93},[61,66445,3343],{"class":310},[61,66447,17482],{"class":314},[61,66449,3348],{"class":310},[61,66451,1115],{"class":93},[61,66453,66454,66456,66458,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66455,11703],{"class":67},[61,66457,1314],{"class":93},[61,66459,66460],{"class":93},"  [",[61,66462,3348],{"class":310},[61,66464,13119],{"class":314},[61,66466,3348],{"class":310},[61,66468,106],{"class":93},[61,66470,3343],{"class":310},[61,66472,22552],{"class":314},[61,66474,3348],{"class":310},[61,66476,106],{"class":93},[61,66478,3343],{"class":310},[61,66480,13136],{"class":314},[61,66482,3348],{"class":310},[61,66484,106],{"class":93},[61,66486,3343],{"class":310},[61,66488,17482],{"class":314},[61,66490,3348],{"class":310},[61,66492,1115],{"class":93},[20,66494,66495,66496,66498],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66497,3035],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[47,66500,66502],{"id":66501},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66504,2034,66505,35355,66507,66510],{},[15,66506,35872],{},[15,66508,66509],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[260,66512,66514],{"id":66513},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66516,66517,66518,66520],{},"Use index ",[15,66519,2175],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[52,66522,66524],{"className":54,"code":66523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66525,66526,66547,66566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66527,66528,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66529,66530],{"class":67},"nums ",[61,66532,72],{"class":71},[61,66534,1088],{"class":93},[61,66536,2113],{"class":75},[61,66538,106],{"class":93},[61,66540,1020],{"class":75},[61,66542,106],{"class":93},[61,66544,2505],{"class":75},[61,66546,1115],{"class":93},[61,66548,66549,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66550,66551],{"class":67},"nums",[61,66553,229],{"class":93},[61,66555,53774],{"class":102},[61,66557,94],{"class":93},[61,66559,2175],{"class":75},[61,66561,106],{"class":93},[61,66563,5535],{"class":75},[61,66565,258],{"class":93},[61,66567,66568,66570,66572,66574],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,66569,90],{"class":89},[61,66571,94],{"class":93},[61,66573,66551],{"class":102},[61,66575,258],{"class":93},[20,66577,345],{},[52,66579,66580],{"className":54,"code":53328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,66581,66582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66583,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66585,1356],{"class":93},[61,66587,3035],{"class":75},[61,66589,106],{"class":93},[61,66591,3040],{"class":75},[61,66593,106],{"class":93},[61,66595,1020],{"class":75},[61,66597,106],{"class":93},[61,66599,2505],{"class":75},[61,66601,1115],{"class":93},[260,66603,66605],{"id":66604},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66607,66608],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[52,66610,66612],{"className":54,"code":66611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66613,66614,66634,66652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66615,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66617,66530],{"class":67},[61,66619,72],{"class":71},[61,66621,1088],{"class":93},[61,66623,3035],{"class":75},[61,66625,106],{"class":93},[61,66627,3040],{"class":75},[61,66629,106],{"class":93},[61,66631,2505],{"class":75},[61,66633,1115],{"class":93},[61,66635,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66637,66551],{"class":67},[61,66639,229],{"class":93},[61,66641,53774],{"class":102},[61,66643,94],{"class":93},[61,66645,2113],{"class":75},[61,66647,106],{"class":93},[61,66649,1020],{"class":75},[61,66651,258],{"class":93},[61,66653,66654,66656,66658,66660],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,66655,90],{"class":89},[61,66657,94],{"class":93},[61,66659,66551],{"class":102},[61,66661,258],{"class":93},[20,66663,345],{},[52,66665,66666],{"className":54,"code":53328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,66667,66668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66669,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66671,1356],{"class":93},[61,66673,3035],{"class":75},[61,66675,106],{"class":93},[61,66677,3040],{"class":75},[61,66679,106],{"class":93},[61,66681,1020],{"class":75},[61,66683,106],{"class":93},[61,66685,2505],{"class":75},[61,66687,1115],{"class":93},[260,66689,66691],{"id":66690},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66693,66694],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[52,66696,66698],{"className":54,"code":66697,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66699,66700,66720,66738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66701,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66703,66530],{"class":67},[61,66705,72],{"class":71},[61,66707,1088],{"class":93},[61,66709,3035],{"class":75},[61,66711,106],{"class":93},[61,66713,3040],{"class":75},[61,66715,106],{"class":93},[61,66717,1020],{"class":75},[61,66719,1115],{"class":93},[61,66721,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66723,66551],{"class":67},[61,66725,229],{"class":93},[61,66727,53774],{"class":102},[61,66729,94],{"class":93},[61,66731,2379],{"class":75},[61,66733,106],{"class":93},[61,66735,2505],{"class":75},[61,66737,258],{"class":93},[61,66739,66740,66742,66744,66746],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,66741,90],{"class":89},[61,66743,94],{"class":93},[61,66745,66551],{"class":102},[61,66747,258],{"class":93},[20,66749,345],{},[52,66751,66752],{"className":54,"code":53328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,66753,66754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66755,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66757,1356],{"class":93},[61,66759,3035],{"class":75},[61,66761,106],{"class":93},[61,66763,3040],{"class":75},[61,66765,106],{"class":93},[61,66767,1020],{"class":75},[61,66769,106],{"class":93},[61,66771,2505],{"class":75},[61,66773,1115],{"class":93},[260,66775,66777],{"id":66776},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66779,66780,66781,66783],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66782,54091],{}," places the item before that position.",[52,66785,66787],{"className":54,"code":66786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66788,66789,66821,66845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66790,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66792,36117],{"class":67},[61,66794,72],{"class":71},[61,66796,1088],{"class":93},[61,66798,1010],{"class":310},[61,66800,221],{"class":314},[61,66802,1010],{"class":310},[61,66804,106],{"class":93},[61,66806,311],{"class":310},[61,66808,1101],{"class":314},[61,66810,1010],{"class":310},[61,66812,106],{"class":93},[61,66814,311],{"class":310},[61,66816,18795],{"class":314},[61,66818,1010],{"class":310},[61,66820,1115],{"class":93},[61,66822,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66824,36170],{"class":67},[61,66826,229],{"class":93},[61,66828,53774],{"class":102},[61,66830,94],{"class":93},[61,66832,2078],{"class":71},[61,66834,3035],{"class":75},[61,66836,106],{"class":93},[61,66838,311],{"class":310},[61,66840,1110],{"class":314},[61,66842,1010],{"class":310},[61,66844,258],{"class":93},[61,66846,66847,66849,66851,66853],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,66848,90],{"class":89},[61,66850,94],{"class":93},[61,66852,36170],{"class":102},[61,66854,258],{"class":93},[20,66856,345],{},[52,66858,66860],{"className":54,"code":66859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66861,66862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66863,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66865,1356],{"class":93},[61,66867,3348],{"class":310},[61,66869,221],{"class":314},[61,66871,3348],{"class":310},[61,66873,106],{"class":93},[61,66875,3343],{"class":310},[61,66877,1101],{"class":314},[61,66879,3348],{"class":310},[61,66881,106],{"class":93},[61,66883,3343],{"class":310},[61,66885,1110],{"class":314},[61,66887,3348],{"class":310},[61,66889,106],{"class":93},[61,66891,3343],{"class":310},[61,66893,18795],{"class":314},[61,66895,3348],{"class":310},[61,66897,1115],{"class":93},[20,66899,66900,66901,2352],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[221,66902,66903],{"href":50801},"Python lists beginner guide",[47,66905,66907,741,66909],{"id":66906},"insert-vs-append",[15,66908,54091],{},[15,66910,52475],{},[20,66912,66913],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[260,66915,143,66917,10630],{"id":66916},"use-insert-when",[15,66918,54091],{},[164,66920,66921,66924],{},[167,66922,66923],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[167,66925,66926],{},"The order of the list matters",[260,66928,143,66930,10630],{"id":66929},"use-append-when",[15,66931,52475],{},[164,66933,66934,66937],{},[167,66935,66936],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[167,66938,66939],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66941,295],{},[52,66943,66945],{"className":54,"code":66944,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66946,66947,66971,66975,66997,67007,67011,67029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66948,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66950,7814],{"class":67},[61,66952,72],{"class":71},[61,66954,1088],{"class":93},[61,66956,1010],{"class":310},[61,66958,4118],{"class":314},[61,66960,1010],{"class":310},[61,66962,106],{"class":93},[61,66964,311],{"class":310},[61,66966,33250],{"class":314},[61,66968,1010],{"class":310},[61,66970,1115],{"class":93},[61,66972,66973],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,66974,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,66976,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,66978,7845],{"class":67},[61,66980,229],{"class":93},[61,66982,53774],{"class":102},[61,66984,94],{"class":93},[61,66986,3035],{"class":75},[61,66988,106],{"class":93},[61,66990,311],{"class":310},[61,66992,4127],{"class":314},[61,66994,1010],{"class":310},[61,66996,258],{"class":93},[61,66998,66999,67001,67003,67005],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,67000,90],{"class":89},[61,67002,94],{"class":93},[61,67004,7845],{"class":102},[61,67006,258],{"class":93},[61,67008,67009],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,67010,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,67012,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,67014,7845],{"class":67},[61,67016,229],{"class":93},[61,67018,13580],{"class":102},[61,67020,94],{"class":93},[61,67022,1010],{"class":310},[61,67024,22561],{"class":314},[61,67026,1010],{"class":310},[61,67028,258],{"class":93},[61,67030,67031,67033,67035,67037],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,67032,90],{"class":89},[61,67034,94],{"class":93},[61,67036,7845],{"class":102},[61,67038,258],{"class":93},[20,67040,345],{},[52,67042,67044],{"className":54,"code":67043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67045,67046,67074],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67047,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67049,1356],{"class":93},[61,67051,3348],{"class":310},[61,67053,4118],{"class":314},[61,67055,3348],{"class":310},[61,67057,106],{"class":93},[61,67059,3343],{"class":310},[61,67061,4127],{"class":314},[61,67063,3348],{"class":310},[61,67065,106],{"class":93},[61,67067,3343],{"class":310},[61,67069,33250],{"class":314},[61,67071,3348],{"class":310},[61,67073,1115],{"class":93},[61,67075,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,67077,1356],{"class":93},[61,67079,3348],{"class":310},[61,67081,4118],{"class":314},[61,67083,3348],{"class":310},[61,67085,106],{"class":93},[61,67087,3343],{"class":310},[61,67089,4127],{"class":314},[61,67091,3348],{"class":310},[61,67093,106],{"class":93},[61,67095,3343],{"class":310},[61,67097,33250],{"class":314},[61,67099,3348],{"class":310},[61,67101,106],{"class":93},[61,67103,3343],{"class":310},[61,67105,22561],{"class":314},[61,67107,3348],{"class":310},[61,67109,1115],{"class":93},[20,67111,67112,67113,229],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[221,67114,55343,67115,10770],{"href":56592},[15,67116,52475],{},[20,67118,67119,67120,229],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[221,67121,52872],{"href":52871},[47,67123,1387],{"id":1386},[20,67125,14760,67126,229],{},[15,67127,54091],{},[260,67129,12621,67131],{"id":67130},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67132,54091],{},[20,67134,25719],{},[52,67136,67138],{"className":54,"code":67137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67139,67140,67160,67182,67186,67196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67141,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67143,3661],{"class":67},[61,67145,72],{"class":71},[61,67147,1088],{"class":93},[61,67149,3035],{"class":75},[61,67151,106],{"class":93},[61,67153,3040],{"class":75},[61,67155,106],{"class":93},[61,67157,1020],{"class":75},[61,67159,1115],{"class":93},[61,67161,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,67163,1593],{"class":67},[61,67165,72],{"class":71},[61,67167,4303],{"class":67},[61,67169,229],{"class":93},[61,67171,53774],{"class":102},[61,67173,94],{"class":93},[61,67175,3035],{"class":75},[61,67177,106],{"class":93},[61,67179,10228],{"class":75},[61,67181,258],{"class":93},[61,67183,67184],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,67185,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,67187,67188,67190,67192,67194],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,67189,90],{"class":89},[61,67191,94],{"class":93},[61,67193,1620],{"class":102},[61,67195,258],{"class":93},[61,67197,67198,67200,67202,67204],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,67199,90],{"class":89},[61,67201,94],{"class":93},[61,67203,3691],{"class":102},[61,67205,258],{"class":93},[20,67207,345],{},[52,67209,67211],{"className":54,"code":67210,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67212,67213,67217],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67214,67215],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67216,11835],{"class":355},[61,67218,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,67220,1356],{"class":93},[61,67222,3035],{"class":75},[61,67224,106],{"class":93},[61,67226,10228],{"class":75},[61,67228,106],{"class":93},[61,67230,3040],{"class":75},[61,67232,106],{"class":93},[61,67234,1020],{"class":75},[61,67236,1115],{"class":93},[20,67238,67239,53976,67241,229],{},[15,67240,54091],{},[15,67242,3820],{},[20,67244,1400],{},[52,67246,67248],{"className":54,"code":67247,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67249,67250],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67251,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67253,55713],{"class":67},[61,67255,72],{"class":71},[61,67257,4303],{"class":67},[61,67259,229],{"class":93},[61,67261,53774],{"class":102},[61,67263,94],{"class":93},[61,67265,3035],{"class":75},[61,67267,106],{"class":93},[61,67269,10228],{"class":75},[61,67271,258],{"class":93},[20,67273,67274],{},"Right:",[52,67276,67278],{"className":54,"code":67277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67279,67280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67281,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67283,3691],{"class":67},[61,67285,229],{"class":93},[61,67287,53774],{"class":102},[61,67289,94],{"class":93},[61,67291,3035],{"class":75},[61,67293,106],{"class":93},[61,67295,10228],{"class":75},[61,67297,258],{"class":93},[260,67299,67301],{"id":67300},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67303,67304],{},"The correct order is:",[52,67306,67307],{"className":54,"code":66160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67308,67309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67310,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67312,8371],{"class":67},[61,67314,229],{"class":93},[61,67316,53774],{"class":102},[61,67318,94],{"class":93},[61,67320,35872],{"class":102},[61,67322,106],{"class":93},[61,67324,29534],{"class":102},[61,67326,258],{"class":93},[20,67328,67329],{},"Not:",[52,67331,67333],{"className":54,"code":67332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67334,67335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67336,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67338,8371],{"class":67},[61,67340,229],{"class":93},[61,67342,53774],{"class":102},[61,67344,94],{"class":93},[61,67346,23338],{"class":102},[61,67348,106],{"class":93},[61,67350,35847],{"class":102},[61,67352,258],{"class":93},[20,67354,295],{},[52,67356,67357],{"className":54,"code":66202,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67358,67359,67383,67405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67360,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67362,36117],{"class":67},[61,67364,72],{"class":71},[61,67366,1088],{"class":93},[61,67368,1010],{"class":310},[61,67370,221],{"class":314},[61,67372,1010],{"class":310},[61,67374,106],{"class":93},[61,67376,311],{"class":310},[61,67378,1110],{"class":314},[61,67380,1010],{"class":310},[61,67382,1115],{"class":93},[61,67384,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,67386,36170],{"class":67},[61,67388,229],{"class":93},[61,67390,53774],{"class":102},[61,67392,94],{"class":93},[61,67394,3035],{"class":75},[61,67396,106],{"class":93},[61,67398,311],{"class":310},[61,67400,1101],{"class":314},[61,67402,1010],{"class":310},[61,67404,258],{"class":93},[61,67406,67407,67409,67411,67413],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,67408,90],{"class":89},[61,67410,94],{"class":93},[61,67412,36170],{"class":102},[61,67414,258],{"class":93},[20,67416,345],{},[52,67418,67419],{"className":54,"code":42898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,67420,67421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67422,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67424,1356],{"class":93},[61,67426,3348],{"class":310},[61,67428,221],{"class":314},[61,67430,3348],{"class":310},[61,67432,106],{"class":93},[61,67434,3343],{"class":310},[61,67436,1101],{"class":314},[61,67438,3348],{"class":310},[61,67440,106],{"class":93},[61,67442,3343],{"class":310},[61,67444,1110],{"class":314},[61,67446,3348],{"class":310},[61,67448,1115],{"class":93},[260,67450,8485,67452,67454],{"id":67451},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67453,54091],{}," to replace an item",[20,67456,67457,67459],{},[15,67458,54091],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[52,67461,67463],{"className":54,"code":67462,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67464,67465,67485,67503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67466,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67468,3661],{"class":67},[61,67470,72],{"class":71},[61,67472,1088],{"class":93},[61,67474,3035],{"class":75},[61,67476,106],{"class":93},[61,67478,3040],{"class":75},[61,67480,106],{"class":93},[61,67482,1020],{"class":75},[61,67484,1115],{"class":93},[61,67486,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,67488,3691],{"class":67},[61,67490,229],{"class":93},[61,67492,53774],{"class":102},[61,67494,94],{"class":93},[61,67496,3035],{"class":75},[61,67498,106],{"class":93},[61,67500,10228],{"class":75},[61,67502,258],{"class":93},[61,67504,67505,67507,67509,67511],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,67506,90],{"class":89},[61,67508,94],{"class":93},[61,67510,3691],{"class":102},[61,67512,258],{"class":93},[20,67514,345],{},[52,67516,67518],{"className":54,"code":67517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67519,67520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67521,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67523,1356],{"class":93},[61,67525,3035],{"class":75},[61,67527,106],{"class":93},[61,67529,10228],{"class":75},[61,67531,106],{"class":93},[61,67533,3040],{"class":75},[61,67535,106],{"class":93},[61,67537,1020],{"class":75},[61,67539,1115],{"class":93},[20,67541,67542],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[52,67544,67546],{"className":54,"code":67545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67547,67548,67568,67582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67549,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67551,3661],{"class":67},[61,67553,72],{"class":71},[61,67555,1088],{"class":93},[61,67557,3035],{"class":75},[61,67559,106],{"class":93},[61,67561,3040],{"class":75},[61,67563,106],{"class":93},[61,67565,1020],{"class":75},[61,67567,1115],{"class":93},[61,67569,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,67571,3691],{"class":67},[61,67573,1356],{"class":93},[61,67575,3035],{"class":75},[61,67577,13300],{"class":93},[61,67579,13303],{"class":71},[61,67581,14157],{"class":75},[61,67583,67584,67586,67588,67590],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,67585,90],{"class":89},[61,67587,94],{"class":93},[61,67589,3691],{"class":102},[61,67591,258],{"class":93},[20,67593,345],{},[52,67595,67597],{"className":54,"code":67596,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67598,67599],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67600,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67602,1356],{"class":93},[61,67604,3035],{"class":75},[61,67606,106],{"class":93},[61,67608,10228],{"class":75},[61,67610,106],{"class":93},[61,67612,1020],{"class":75},[61,67614,1115],{"class":93},[260,67616,67618],{"id":67617},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67620,67621,67623],{},[15,67622,54091],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67625,67626],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[52,67628,67630],{"className":54,"code":67629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67631,67632,67648,67672],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67633,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67635,3661],{"class":67},[61,67637,72],{"class":71},[61,67639,1088],{"class":93},[61,67641,3035],{"class":75},[61,67643,106],{"class":93},[61,67645,2505],{"class":75},[61,67647,1115],{"class":93},[61,67649,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,67651,3691],{"class":67},[61,67653,229],{"class":93},[61,67655,53774],{"class":102},[61,67657,94],{"class":93},[61,67659,3035],{"class":75},[61,67661,106],{"class":93},[61,67663,1088],{"class":93},[61,67665,2113],{"class":75},[61,67667,106],{"class":93},[61,67669,1020],{"class":75},[61,67671,1365],{"class":93},[61,67673,67674,67676,67678,67680],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,67675,90],{"class":89},[61,67677,94],{"class":93},[61,67679,3691],{"class":102},[61,67681,258],{"class":93},[20,67683,345],{},[52,67685,67687],{"className":54,"code":67686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67688,67689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67690,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705,67707,67709],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67692,1356],{"class":93},[61,67694,3035],{"class":75},[61,67696,106],{"class":93},[61,67698,1088],{"class":93},[61,67700,2113],{"class":75},[61,67702,106],{"class":93},[61,67704,1020],{"class":75},[61,67706,18089],{"class":93},[61,67708,2505],{"class":75},[61,67710,1115],{"class":93},[20,67712,67713,67714,229],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[221,67715,55343,67716,10770],{"href":53167},[15,67717,53269],{},[260,67719,67721],{"id":67720},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67723,8908,67724,67726],{},[15,67725,54091],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[52,67728,67730],{"className":54,"code":67729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67731,67732,67742,67756,67774,67788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67733,67734,67736,67738,67740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67735,90],{"class":89},[61,67737,94],{"class":93},[61,67739,8371],{"class":102},[61,67741,258],{"class":93},[61,67743,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,67745,90],{"class":89},[61,67747,94],{"class":93},[61,67749,11191],{"class":89},[61,67751,94],{"class":93},[61,67753,8371],{"class":102},[61,67755,342],{"class":93},[61,67757,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,67759,90],{"class":89},[61,67761,94],{"class":93},[61,67763,8371],{"class":102},[61,67765,229],{"class":93},[61,67767,53774],{"class":24778},[61,67769,229],{"class":93},[61,67771,34476],{"class":34483},[61,67773,258],{"class":93},[61,67775,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,67777,32181],{"class":89},[61,67779,94],{"class":93},[61,67781,192],{"class":109},[61,67783,229],{"class":93},[61,67785,53774],{"class":24778},[61,67787,258],{"class":93},[61,67789,67790,67792,67794,67796],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,67791,657],{"class":109},[61,67793,94],{"class":93},[61,67795,8371],{"class":102},[61,67797,258],{"class":93},[20,67799,67800],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[164,67802,67803,67806,67809,67812],{},[167,67804,67805],{},"What is currently in the list",[167,67807,67808],{},"How long the list is",[167,67810,67811],{},"That you are working with a real list",[167,67813,67814],{},"How Python describes the method",[47,67816,5001,67818],{"id":67817},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67819,54091],{},[20,67821,143,67822,67824],{},[15,67823,54091],{}," when position matters.",[20,67826,36453],{},[164,67828,67829,67832,67835,67838],{},[167,67830,67831],{},"Ordered menus",[167,67833,67834],{},"Rankings or score lists",[167,67836,67837],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[167,67839,67840],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67842,67843,67844,67846,67847,67849,67850,67852],{},"You usually do ",[3784,67845,4670],{}," need ",[15,67848,54091],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67851,52475],{}," is simpler.",[20,67854,67855,67856,229],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[221,67857,56978],{"href":56977},[47,67859,1879],{"id":1878},[260,67861,1928,67863,55292],{"id":67862},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67864,53734],{},[20,67866,67867,67868,229],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67869,3820],{},[260,67871,67873],{"id":67872},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67875,67876],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[260,67878,1898,67880,67882],{"id":67879},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67881,53734],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67884,67885,67886,67888],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67887,53269],{}," or slicing.",[260,67890,1911,67892,749,67894,1916],{"id":67891},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67893,54091],{},[15,67895,52475],{},[20,67897,67898,67900,67901,67903],{},[15,67899,54091],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67902,52475],{}," adds only at the end.",[47,67905,1938],{"id":1937},[164,67907,67908,67914,67920,67924,67928,67932],{},[167,67909,67910],{},[221,67911,55343,67912,10770],{"href":56592},[15,67913,52475],{},[167,67915,67916],{},[221,67917,55343,67918,10770],{"href":53167},[15,67919,53269],{},[167,67921,67922],{},[221,67923,54101],{"href":52871},[167,67925,67926],{},[221,67927,52594],{"href":50801},[167,67929,67930],{},[221,67931,57052],{"href":56977},[167,67933,67934],{},[221,67935,30375,67936,33663],{"href":54119},[15,67937,67938],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1969,67940,67941],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":67943},[67944,67946,67947,67948,67954,67961,67970,67972,67981],{"id":66129,"depth":79,"text":67945},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5467,"depth":79,"text":5468},{"id":5824,"depth":79,"text":5825},{"id":66501,"depth":79,"text":66502,"children":67949},[67950,67951,67952,67953],{"id":66513,"depth":86,"text":66514},{"id":66604,"depth":86,"text":66605},{"id":66690,"depth":86,"text":66691},{"id":66776,"depth":86,"text":66777},{"id":66906,"depth":79,"text":67955,"children":67956},"insert() vs append()",[67957,67959],{"id":66916,"depth":86,"text":67958},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66929,"depth":86,"text":67960},"Use append() when:",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":67962},[67963,67965,67966,67968,67969],{"id":67130,"depth":86,"text":67964},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67300,"depth":86,"text":67301},{"id":67451,"depth":86,"text":67967},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67617,"depth":86,"text":67618},{"id":67720,"depth":86,"text":67721},{"id":67817,"depth":79,"text":67971},"When to use insert()",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":67973},[67974,67976,67977,67979],{"id":67862,"depth":86,"text":67975},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67872,"depth":86,"text":67873},{"id":67879,"depth":86,"text":67978},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67891,"depth":86,"text":67980},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66039,"description":67982},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67989,"title":67990,"body":67991,"description":69546,"extension":2017,"meta":69547,"navigation":82,"path":58797,"seo":69548,"stem":69549,"__hash__":69550},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67992,"toc":69519},[67993,67999,68008,68057,68059,68067,68073,68075,68093,68099,68104,68107,68110,68125,68127,68179,68181,68189,68197,68204,68206,68212,68277,68279,68287,68289,68308,68311,68362,68366,68371,68398,68400,68408,68411,68480,68482,68497,68503,68507,68516,68519,68574,68576,68584,68587,68589,68634,68636,68644,68650,68652,68660,68663,68665,68704,68706,68745,68750,68752,68754,68789,68792,68794,68832,68836,68842,68844,68895,68897,68905,68912,68915,68936,68939,68994,69005,69007,69068,69070,69079,69086,69092,69095,69098,69155,69158,69171,69178,69184,69190,69192,69205,69208,69305,69307,69324,69327,69409,69411,69433,69440,69446,69448,69452,69458,69464,69469,69473,69476,69482,69489,69491,69516],[10,67994,67996,67997,664],{"id":67995},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67998,11191],{},[20,68000,68001,68002,68004,68005,68007],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68003,42384],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68006,42384],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[52,68009,68011],{"className":54,"code":68010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68012,68013,68033,68047],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68014,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68016,3661],{"class":67},[61,68018,72],{"class":71},[61,68020,1088],{"class":93},[61,68022,2379],{"class":75},[61,68024,106],{"class":93},[61,68026,7825],{"class":75},[61,68028,106],{"class":93},[61,68030,7830],{"class":75},[61,68032,1115],{"class":93},[61,68034,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68036,41267],{"class":67},[61,68038,72],{"class":71},[61,68040,38414],{"class":89},[61,68042,94],{"class":93},[61,68044,3691],{"class":102},[61,68046,258],{"class":93},[61,68048,68049,68051,68053,68055],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,68050,90],{"class":89},[61,68052,94],{"class":93},[61,68054,952],{"class":102},[61,68056,258],{"class":93},[20,68058,345],{},[52,68060,68061],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68062,68063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68064,68065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68066,46630],{"class":75},[20,68068,143,68069,68072],{},[15,68070,68071],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[47,68074,15190],{"id":15189},[164,68076,68077,68082,68087,68090],{},[167,68078,4238,68079,68081],{},[15,68080,42384],{}," works with Python lists",[167,68083,68084,68085,11732],{},"What value ",[15,68086,42384],{},[167,68088,68089],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[167,68091,68092],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[47,68094,151,68096,68098],{"id":68095},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68097,42384],{}," returns for a list",[20,68100,68101,64911],{},[15,68102,68103],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68105,68106],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68108,68109],{},"A few important points:",[164,68111,68112,68115,68120],{},[167,68113,68114],{},"It counts list items",[167,68116,40931,68117,68119],{},[3784,68118,4670],{}," count characters inside a string item",[167,68121,68122,68123],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68124,2175],{},[20,68126,295],{},[52,68128,68130],{"className":54,"code":68129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68131,68132,68165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68133,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68135,4109],{"class":67},[61,68137,72],{"class":71},[61,68139,1088],{"class":93},[61,68141,1010],{"class":310},[61,68143,37075],{"class":314},[61,68145,1010],{"class":310},[61,68147,106],{"class":93},[61,68149,311],{"class":310},[61,68151,68152],{"class":314},"elephant",[61,68154,1010],{"class":310},[61,68156,106],{"class":93},[61,68158,311],{"class":310},[61,68160,57951],{"class":314},[61,68162,1010],{"class":310},[61,68164,1115],{"class":93},[61,68166,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68168,90],{"class":89},[61,68170,94],{"class":93},[61,68172,11191],{"class":89},[61,68174,94],{"class":93},[61,68176,4153],{"class":102},[61,68178,342],{"class":93},[20,68180,345],{},[52,68182,68183],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68184,68185],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68186,68187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68188,46630],{"class":75},[20,68190,21005,68191,68194,68195,64918],{},[15,68192,68193],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3784,68196,52479],{},[20,68198,68199,68200,229],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[221,68201,13,68202,1947],{"href":42381},[15,68203,42384],{},[47,68205,5825],{"id":5824},[20,68207,68208,68209,68211],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68210,42384],{},", and print the result.",[52,68213,68215],{"className":54,"code":68214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68216,68217,68249,68263,68267],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68218,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68220,13102],{"class":67},[61,68222,72],{"class":71},[61,68224,1088],{"class":93},[61,68226,1010],{"class":310},[61,68228,13119],{"class":314},[61,68230,1010],{"class":310},[61,68232,106],{"class":93},[61,68234,311],{"class":310},[61,68236,17482],{"class":314},[61,68238,1010],{"class":310},[61,68240,106],{"class":93},[61,68242,311],{"class":310},[61,68244,13136],{"class":314},[61,68246,1010],{"class":310},[61,68248,1115],{"class":93},[61,68250,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259,68261],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68252,41267],{"class":67},[61,68254,72],{"class":71},[61,68256,38414],{"class":89},[61,68258,94],{"class":93},[61,68260,17529],{"class":102},[61,68262,258],{"class":93},[61,68264,68265],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,68266,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,68268,68269,68271,68273,68275],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,68270,90],{"class":89},[61,68272,94],{"class":93},[61,68274,952],{"class":102},[61,68276,258],{"class":93},[20,68278,345],{},[52,68280,68281],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68282,68283],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68284,68285],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68286,46630],{"class":75},[20,68288,11710],{},[164,68290,68291,68296,68303],{},[167,68292,68293,68295],{},[15,68294,17529],{}," is a list with 3 items",[167,68297,68298,2446,68301],{},[15,68299,68300],{},"len(colors)",[15,68302,1046],{},[167,68304,68305,68306],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68307,952],{},[20,68309,68310],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[52,68312,68314],{"className":54,"code":68313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68315,68316,68348],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68317,68318,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68319,13102],{"class":67},[61,68321,72],{"class":71},[61,68323,1088],{"class":93},[61,68325,1010],{"class":310},[61,68327,13119],{"class":314},[61,68329,1010],{"class":310},[61,68331,106],{"class":93},[61,68333,311],{"class":310},[61,68335,17482],{"class":314},[61,68337,1010],{"class":310},[61,68339,106],{"class":93},[61,68341,311],{"class":310},[61,68343,13136],{"class":314},[61,68345,1010],{"class":310},[61,68347,1115],{"class":93},[61,68349,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68351,90],{"class":89},[61,68353,94],{"class":93},[61,68355,11191],{"class":89},[61,68357,94],{"class":93},[61,68359,17529],{"class":102},[61,68361,342],{"class":93},[47,68363,68365],{"id":68364},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68367,68368,68369,229],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68370,2175],{},[52,68372,68374],{"className":54,"code":68373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68375,68376,68384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68377,68378,68380,68382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68379,7814],{"class":67},[61,68381,72],{"class":71},[61,68383,7874],{"class":93},[61,68385,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68387,90],{"class":89},[61,68389,94],{"class":93},[61,68391,11191],{"class":89},[61,68393,94],{"class":93},[61,68395,7845],{"class":102},[61,68397,342],{"class":93},[20,68399,345],{},[52,68401,68402],{"className":54,"code":47265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68403,68404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68405,68406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68407,47265],{"class":75},[20,68409,68410],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[52,68412,68414],{"className":54,"code":68413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68415,68416,68424,68428,68446,68460,68466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68417,68418,68420,68422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68419,7814],{"class":67},[61,68421,72],{"class":71},[61,68423,7874],{"class":93},[61,68425,68426],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68427,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,68429,68430,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,68431,1124],{"class":672},[61,68433,38414],{"class":89},[61,68435,94],{"class":93},[61,68437,7845],{"class":102},[61,68439,664],{"class":93},[61,68441,38424],{"class":71},[61,68443,3876],{"class":75},[61,68445,6433],{"class":93},[61,68447,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,68449,1141],{"class":89},[61,68451,94],{"class":93},[61,68453,7845],{"class":102},[61,68455,1356],{"class":93},[61,68457,2175],{"class":75},[61,68459,1365],{"class":93},[61,68461,68462,68464],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,68463,27460],{"class":672},[61,68465,6433],{"class":93},[61,68467,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,68469,1141],{"class":89},[61,68471,94],{"class":93},[61,68473,1010],{"class":310},[61,68475,51638],{"class":314},[61,68477,1010],{"class":310},[61,68479,258],{"class":93},[20,68481,345],{},[52,68483,68485],{"className":54,"code":68484,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The list is empty\n",[15,68486,68487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68488,68489,68491,68493,68495],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68490,2034],{"class":67},[61,68492,192],{"class":109},[61,68494,8130],{"class":71},[61,68496,8135],{"class":67},[20,68498,68499,68500,68502],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[221,68501,52594],{"href":50801}," is a good next step.",[47,68504,68506],{"id":68505},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68508,68509,68511,68512,68515],{},[15,68510,42384],{}," counts only the ",[3784,68513,68514],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68517,68518],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[52,68520,68522],{"className":54,"code":68521,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68523,68524,68560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68525,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68527,9199],{"class":67},[61,68529,72],{"class":71},[61,68531,56117],{"class":93},[61,68533,3035],{"class":75},[61,68535,106],{"class":93},[61,68537,3040],{"class":75},[61,68539,18089],{"class":93},[61,68541,1088],{"class":93},[61,68543,1046],{"class":75},[61,68545,106],{"class":93},[61,68547,2505],{"class":75},[61,68549,18089],{"class":93},[61,68551,1088],{"class":93},[61,68553,2192],{"class":75},[61,68555,106],{"class":93},[61,68557,37672],{"class":75},[61,68559,53065],{"class":93},[61,68561,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68563,90],{"class":89},[61,68565,94],{"class":93},[61,68567,11191],{"class":89},[61,68569,94],{"class":93},[61,68571,9237],{"class":102},[61,68573,342],{"class":93},[20,68575,345],{},[52,68577,68578],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68579,68580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68581,68582],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68583,46630],{"class":75},[20,68585,68586],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68588,51902],{},[52,68590,68592],{"className":54,"code":68591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68593,68594,68620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68595,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68597,59297],{"class":67},[61,68599,72],{"class":71},[61,68601,1088],{"class":93},[61,68603,3035],{"class":75},[61,68605,106],{"class":93},[61,68607,1088],{"class":93},[61,68609,2113],{"class":75},[61,68611,106],{"class":93},[61,68613,1020],{"class":75},[61,68615,18089],{"class":93},[61,68617,2505],{"class":75},[61,68619,1115],{"class":93},[61,68621,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68623,90],{"class":89},[61,68625,94],{"class":93},[61,68627,11191],{"class":89},[61,68629,94],{"class":93},[61,68631,59350],{"class":102},[61,68633,342],{"class":93},[20,68635,345],{},[52,68637,68638],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68639,68640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68641,68642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68643,46630],{"class":75},[20,68645,21005,68646,68649],{},[15,68647,68648],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[47,68651,1387],{"id":1386},[260,68653,8449,68655,1395,68658],{"id":68654},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68656,68657],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68659,68103],{},[20,68661,68662],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68664,1400],{},[52,68666,68668],{"className":54,"code":68667,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68669,68670,68690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68671,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68673,3661],{"class":67},[61,68675,72],{"class":71},[61,68677,1088],{"class":93},[61,68679,2379],{"class":75},[61,68681,106],{"class":93},[61,68683,7825],{"class":75},[61,68685,106],{"class":93},[61,68687,7830],{"class":75},[61,68689,1115],{"class":93},[61,68691,68692,68694,68696,68698,68700,68702],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68693,90],{"class":89},[61,68695,94],{"class":93},[61,68697,3691],{"class":102},[61,68699,229],{"class":93},[61,68701,11191],{"class":102},[61,68703,7228],{"class":93},[20,68705,1443],{},[52,68707,68709],{"className":54,"code":68708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68710,68711,68731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68712,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68714,3661],{"class":67},[61,68716,72],{"class":71},[61,68718,1088],{"class":93},[61,68720,2379],{"class":75},[61,68722,106],{"class":93},[61,68724,7825],{"class":75},[61,68726,106],{"class":93},[61,68728,7830],{"class":75},[61,68730,1115],{"class":93},[61,68732,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741,68743],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68734,90],{"class":89},[61,68736,94],{"class":93},[61,68738,11191],{"class":89},[61,68740,94],{"class":93},[61,68742,3691],{"class":102},[61,68744,342],{"class":93},[20,68746,68747,68749],{},[15,68748,42384],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[260,68751,25716],{"id":25715},[20,68753,1400],{},[52,68755,68757],{"className":54,"code":68756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68758,68759,68779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68760,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68762,3661],{"class":67},[61,68764,72],{"class":71},[61,68766,1088],{"class":93},[61,68768,2379],{"class":75},[61,68770,106],{"class":93},[61,68772,7825],{"class":75},[61,68774,106],{"class":93},[61,68776,7830],{"class":75},[61,68778,1115],{"class":93},[61,68780,68781,68783,68785,68787],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68782,90],{"class":89},[61,68784,94],{"class":93},[61,68786,11191],{"class":89},[61,68788,258],{"class":93},[20,68790,68791],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68793,1443],{},[52,68795,68796],{"className":54,"code":68708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68797,68798,68818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68799,68800,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68801,3661],{"class":67},[61,68803,72],{"class":71},[61,68805,1088],{"class":93},[61,68807,2379],{"class":75},[61,68809,106],{"class":93},[61,68811,7825],{"class":75},[61,68813,106],{"class":93},[61,68815,7830],{"class":75},[61,68817,1115],{"class":93},[61,68819,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68821,90],{"class":89},[61,68823,94],{"class":93},[61,68825,11191],{"class":89},[61,68827,94],{"class":93},[61,68829,3691],{"class":102},[61,68831,342],{"class":93},[260,68833,68835],{"id":68834},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68837,68838,68839,68841],{},"The length of a list is ",[3784,68840,4670],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68843,295],{},[52,68845,68847],{"className":54,"code":68846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68848,68849,68881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68850,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68852,36117],{"class":67},[61,68854,72],{"class":71},[61,68856,1088],{"class":93},[61,68858,1010],{"class":310},[61,68860,221],{"class":314},[61,68862,1010],{"class":310},[61,68864,106],{"class":93},[61,68866,311],{"class":310},[61,68868,1101],{"class":314},[61,68870,1010],{"class":310},[61,68872,106],{"class":93},[61,68874,311],{"class":310},[61,68876,1110],{"class":314},[61,68878,1010],{"class":310},[61,68880,1115],{"class":93},[61,68882,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68884,90],{"class":89},[61,68886,94],{"class":93},[61,68888,11191],{"class":89},[61,68890,94],{"class":93},[61,68892,36170],{"class":102},[61,68894,342],{"class":93},[20,68896,345],{},[52,68898,68899],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,68900,68901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68902,68903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68904,46630],{"class":75},[20,68906,68907,68908,18990,68910,229],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68909,2113],{},[15,68911,1046],{},[20,68913,68914],{},"Indexes are:",[164,68916,68917,68924,68930],{},[167,68918,68919,68921,68922],{},[15,68920,2175],{}," for ",[15,68923,18123],{},[167,68925,68926,68921,68928],{},[15,68927,3035],{},[15,68929,65421],{},[167,68931,68932,68921,68934],{},[15,68933,2113],{},[15,68935,66307],{},[20,68937,68938],{},"So this causes an error:",[52,68940,68942],{"className":54,"code":68941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68943,68944,68976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68945,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68947,36117],{"class":67},[61,68949,72],{"class":71},[61,68951,1088],{"class":93},[61,68953,1010],{"class":310},[61,68955,221],{"class":314},[61,68957,1010],{"class":310},[61,68959,106],{"class":93},[61,68961,311],{"class":310},[61,68963,1101],{"class":314},[61,68965,1010],{"class":310},[61,68967,106],{"class":93},[61,68969,311],{"class":310},[61,68971,1110],{"class":314},[61,68973,1010],{"class":310},[61,68975,1115],{"class":93},[61,68977,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,68979,90],{"class":89},[61,68981,94],{"class":93},[61,68983,36170],{"class":102},[61,68985,1356],{"class":93},[61,68987,11191],{"class":89},[61,68989,94],{"class":93},[61,68991,36170],{"class":102},[61,68993,10708],{"class":93},[20,68995,8528,68996,4823,68999,69001,69002,69004],{},[15,68997,68998],{},"len(letters)",[15,69000,1046],{},", and index ",[15,69003,1046],{}," does not exist.",[20,69006,18868],{},[52,69008,69010],{"className":54,"code":69009,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69011,69012,69044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69013,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69015,36117],{"class":67},[61,69017,72],{"class":71},[61,69019,1088],{"class":93},[61,69021,1010],{"class":310},[61,69023,221],{"class":314},[61,69025,1010],{"class":310},[61,69027,106],{"class":93},[61,69029,311],{"class":310},[61,69031,1101],{"class":314},[61,69033,1010],{"class":310},[61,69035,106],{"class":93},[61,69037,311],{"class":310},[61,69039,1110],{"class":314},[61,69041,1010],{"class":310},[61,69043,1115],{"class":93},[61,69045,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69047,90],{"class":89},[61,69049,94],{"class":93},[61,69051,36170],{"class":102},[61,69053,1356],{"class":93},[61,69055,11191],{"class":89},[61,69057,94],{"class":93},[61,69059,36170],{"class":102},[61,69061,664],{"class":93},[61,69063,2274],{"class":71},[61,69065,5535],{"class":75},[61,69067,1365],{"class":93},[20,69069,345],{},[52,69071,69073],{"className":54,"code":69072,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"c\n",[15,69074,69075],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69076,69077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69078,69072],{"class":67},[20,69080,69081,69082,229],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[221,69083,69085],{"href":69084},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[260,69087,8449,69089,69091],{"id":69088},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69090,42384],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69093,69094],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69096,69097],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[52,69099,69101],{"className":54,"code":69100,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69102,69103,69113,69127,69141],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69104,69105,69107,69109,69111],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69106,90],{"class":89},[61,69108,94],{"class":93},[61,69110,8371],{"class":102},[61,69112,258],{"class":93},[61,69114,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69116,90],{"class":89},[61,69118,94],{"class":93},[61,69120,11191],{"class":89},[61,69122,94],{"class":93},[61,69124,8371],{"class":102},[61,69126,342],{"class":93},[61,69128,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,69130,90],{"class":89},[61,69132,94],{"class":93},[61,69134,657],{"class":109},[61,69136,94],{"class":93},[61,69138,8371],{"class":102},[61,69140,342],{"class":93},[61,69142,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,69144,90],{"class":89},[61,69146,94],{"class":93},[61,69148,8371],{"class":102},[61,69150,1356],{"class":93},[61,69152,2175],{"class":75},[61,69154,1365],{"class":93},[20,69156,69157],{},"These help you verify:",[164,69159,69160,69163,69165,69168],{},[167,69161,69162],{},"what the variable contains",[167,69164,60609],{},[167,69166,69167],{},"whether it is really a list",[167,69169,69170],{},"what the first item is",[20,69172,69173,69174,69177],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69175,69176],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[47,69179,5001,69181,69183],{"id":69180},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69182,42384],{}," with lists",[20,69185,69186,69187,69189],{},"You will often use ",[15,69188,42384],{}," in real programs.",[20,69191,9405],{},[164,69193,69194,69196,69199,69202],{},[167,69195,51592],{},[167,69197,69198],{},"Control loops",[167,69200,69201],{},"Validate input or results",[167,69203,69204],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69206,69207],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[52,69209,69211],{"className":54,"code":69210,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69212,69213,69233,69249,69253,69267,69281],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69214,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69216,2602],{"class":67},[61,69218,72],{"class":71},[61,69220,1088],{"class":93},[61,69222,3035],{"class":75},[61,69224,106],{"class":93},[61,69226,3040],{"class":75},[61,69228,106],{"class":93},[61,69230,1020],{"class":75},[61,69232,1115],{"class":93},[61,69234,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69236,2630],{"class":67},[61,69238,72],{"class":71},[61,69240,1088],{"class":93},[61,69242,2379],{"class":75},[61,69244,106],{"class":93},[61,69246,7825],{"class":75},[61,69248,1115],{"class":93},[61,69250,69251],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,69252,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,69254,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,69256,90],{"class":89},[61,69258,94],{"class":93},[61,69260,11191],{"class":89},[61,69262,94],{"class":93},[61,69264,221],{"class":102},[61,69266,342],{"class":93},[61,69268,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,69270,90],{"class":89},[61,69272,94],{"class":93},[61,69274,11191],{"class":89},[61,69276,94],{"class":93},[61,69278,1101],{"class":102},[61,69280,342],{"class":93},[61,69282,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,69284,90],{"class":89},[61,69286,94],{"class":93},[61,69288,11191],{"class":89},[61,69290,94],{"class":93},[61,69292,221],{"class":102},[61,69294,664],{"class":93},[61,69296,38424],{"class":71},[61,69298,38414],{"class":89},[61,69300,94],{"class":93},[61,69302,1101],{"class":102},[61,69304,342],{"class":93},[20,69306,345],{},[52,69308,69310],{"className":54,"code":69309,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69311,69312,69316,69320],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69313,69314],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69315,46630],{"class":75},[61,69317,69318],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69319,17083],{"class":75},[61,69321,69322],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,69323,348],{"class":355},[20,69325,69326],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[52,69328,69330],{"className":54,"code":69329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69331,69332,69364,69368,69390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69333,69334,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356,69358,69360,69362],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69335,5035],{"class":67},[61,69337,72],{"class":71},[61,69339,1088],{"class":93},[61,69341,1010],{"class":310},[61,69343,1319],{"class":314},[61,69345,1010],{"class":310},[61,69347,106],{"class":93},[61,69349,311],{"class":310},[61,69351,35967],{"class":314},[61,69353,1010],{"class":310},[61,69355,106],{"class":93},[61,69357,311],{"class":310},[61,69359,35976],{"class":314},[61,69361,1010],{"class":310},[61,69363,1115],{"class":93},[61,69365,69366],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69367,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,69369,69370,69372,69375,69377,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,69371,5996],{"class":672},[61,69373,69374],{"class":67}," i ",[61,69376,3924],{"class":672},[61,69378,53893],{"class":89},[61,69380,94],{"class":93},[61,69382,11191],{"class":89},[61,69384,94],{"class":93},[61,69386,5079],{"class":102},[61,69388,69389],{"class":93},")):\n",[61,69391,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69403,69405,69407],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,69393,1141],{"class":89},[61,69395,94],{"class":93},[61,69397,36181],{"class":102},[61,69399,106],{"class":93},[61,69401,69402],{"class":102}," names",[61,69404,1356],{"class":93},[61,69406,36181],{"class":102},[61,69408,1365],{"class":93},[20,69410,345],{},[52,69412,69413],{"className":54,"code":36025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,69414,69415,69421,69427],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69416,69417,69419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69418,2175],{"class":75},[61,69420,36034],{"class":67},[61,69422,69423,69425],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69424,3035],{"class":75},[61,69426,36041],{"class":67},[61,69428,69429,69431],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,69430,2113],{"class":75},[61,69432,36048],{"class":67},[20,69434,69435,69436,229],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[221,69437,69439],{"href":69438},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69441,69442,69443,69445],{},"You can also read ",[221,69444,51369],{"href":51368}," for a task-focused guide.",[47,69447,1879],{"id":1878},[260,69449,69451],{"id":69450},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69453,143,69454,69457],{},[15,69455,69456],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[260,69459,1883,69461,12742],{"id":69460},"what-does-len-return",[15,69462,69463],{},"len([])",[20,69465,1889,69466,69468],{},[15,69467,2175],{}," because the list is empty.",[260,69470,69472],{"id":69471},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69474,69475],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[260,69477,28355,69479,69481],{"id":69478},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69480,68657],{}," in Python?",[20,69483,30298,69484,8255,69486,69488],{},[15,69485,68103],{},[15,69487,42384],{}," is a built-in function.",[47,69490,1938],{"id":1937},[164,69492,69493,69499,69503,69507,69511],{},[167,69494,69495],{},[221,69496,13,69497,1947],{"href":42381},[15,69498,42384],{},[167,69500,69501],{},[221,69502,52413],{"href":51368},[167,69504,69505],{},[221,69506,52594],{"href":50801},[167,69508,69509],{},[221,69510,69085],{"href":69084},[167,69512,69513],{},[221,69514,69515],{"href":69438},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1969,69517,69518],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":69520},[69521,69522,69524,69525,69526,69527,69535,69537,69545],{"id":15189,"depth":79,"text":15190},{"id":68095,"depth":79,"text":69523},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5824,"depth":79,"text":5825},{"id":68364,"depth":79,"text":68365},{"id":68505,"depth":79,"text":68506},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":69528},[69529,69531,69532,69533],{"id":68654,"depth":86,"text":69530},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25715,"depth":86,"text":25716},{"id":68834,"depth":86,"text":68835},{"id":69088,"depth":86,"text":69534},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69180,"depth":79,"text":69536},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":69538},[69539,69540,69542,69543],{"id":69450,"depth":86,"text":69451},{"id":69460,"depth":86,"text":69541},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69471,"depth":86,"text":69472},{"id":69478,"depth":86,"text":69544},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67990,"description":69546},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69552,"title":69553,"body":69554,"description":71536,"extension":2017,"meta":71537,"navigation":82,"path":71538,"seo":71539,"stem":71540,"__hash__":71541},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69555,"toc":71509},[69556,69559,69564,69567,69575,69588,69590,69655,69657,69679,69684,69688,69693,69701,69703,69713,69715,69796,69798,69828,69830,69849,69854,69871,69873,69957,69959,69989,69994,69998,70004,70088,70090,70120,70123,70127,70130,70221,70223,70261,70264,70349,70351,70381,70387,70394,70398,70403,70412,70414,70499,70501,70530,70533,70541,70545,70549,70558,70581,70583,70605,70607,70621,70623,70683,70687,70692,70731,70733,70750,70752,70762,70861,70866,70870,70875,70918,70920,70948,70950,70964,71039,71041,71063,71067,71070,71075,71086,71091,71099,71102,71173,71175,71200,71257,71259,71280,71289,71297,71302,71304,71309,71330,71333,71408,71411,71425,71432,71434,71438,71444,71448,71458,71462,71469,71473,71479,71481,71506],[10,69557,69553],{"id":69558},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69560,69561,69563],{},[15,69562,54905],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69565,69566],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[164,69568,69569,69572],{},[167,69570,69571],{},"delete an item from a list",[167,69573,69574],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69576,69577,69578,69580,69581,8738,69583,69587],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69579,12789],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69582,12789],{},[221,69584,69585],{"href":54895},[15,69586,55352],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[47,69589,2059],{"id":2058},[52,69591,69593],{"className":54,"code":69592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69594,69595,69615,69630,69634,69645],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69596,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605,69607,69609,69611,69613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69598,3661],{"class":67},[61,69600,72],{"class":71},[61,69602,1088],{"class":93},[61,69604,2379],{"class":75},[61,69606,106],{"class":93},[61,69608,7825],{"class":75},[61,69610,106],{"class":93},[61,69612,7830],{"class":75},[61,69614,1115],{"class":93},[61,69616,69617,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69618,69619],{"class":67},"last_item ",[61,69621,72],{"class":71},[61,69623,4303],{"class":67},[61,69625,229],{"class":93},[61,69627,26267],{"class":102},[61,69629,8676],{"class":93},[61,69631,69632],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,69633,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,69635,69636,69638,69640,69643],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,69637,90],{"class":89},[61,69639,94],{"class":93},[61,69641,69642],{"class":102},"last_item",[61,69644,258],{"class":93},[61,69646,69647,69649,69651,69653],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,69648,90],{"class":89},[61,69650,94],{"class":93},[61,69652,3691],{"class":102},[61,69654,258],{"class":93},[20,69656,345],{},[52,69658,69660],{"className":54,"code":69659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69661,69662,69667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69663,69664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69665,69666],{"class":75},"30\n",[61,69668,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69670,1356],{"class":93},[61,69672,2379],{"class":75},[61,69674,106],{"class":93},[61,69676,7825],{"class":75},[61,69678,1115],{"class":93},[20,69680,143,69681,69683],{},[15,69682,12789],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[47,69685,69687],{"id":69686},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69689,69690,69692],{},[15,69691,12789],{}," has two main jobs:",[164,69694,69695,69698],{},[167,69696,69697],{},"It removes one item from a list",[167,69699,69700],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69702,43673],{},[164,69704,69705,69708,69711],{},[167,69706,69707],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[167,69709,69710],{},"It changes the original list",[167,69712,52568],{},[20,69714,295],{},[52,69716,69718],{"className":54,"code":69717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69719,69720,69752,69756,69771,69775,69786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69721,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69723,13102],{"class":67},[61,69725,72],{"class":71},[61,69727,1088],{"class":93},[61,69729,1010],{"class":310},[61,69731,13119],{"class":314},[61,69733,1010],{"class":310},[61,69735,106],{"class":93},[61,69737,311],{"class":310},[61,69739,17482],{"class":314},[61,69741,1010],{"class":310},[61,69743,106],{"class":93},[61,69745,311],{"class":310},[61,69747,13136],{"class":314},[61,69749,1010],{"class":310},[61,69751,1115],{"class":93},[61,69753,69754],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69755,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,69757,69758,69761,69763,69765,69767,69769],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,69759,69760],{"class":67},"removed ",[61,69762,72],{"class":71},[61,69764,13150],{"class":67},[61,69766,229],{"class":93},[61,69768,26267],{"class":102},[61,69770,8676],{"class":93},[61,69772,69773],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,69774,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,69776,69777,69779,69781,69784],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,69778,90],{"class":89},[61,69780,94],{"class":93},[61,69782,69783],{"class":102},"removed",[61,69785,258],{"class":93},[61,69787,69788,69790,69792,69794],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,69789,90],{"class":89},[61,69791,94],{"class":93},[61,69793,17529],{"class":102},[61,69795,258],{"class":93},[20,69797,345],{},[52,69799,69801],{"className":54,"code":69800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69802,69803,69808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69804,69805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69806,69807],{"class":67},"blue\n",[61,69809,69810,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69811,1356],{"class":93},[61,69813,3348],{"class":310},[61,69815,13119],{"class":314},[61,69817,3348],{"class":310},[61,69819,106],{"class":93},[61,69821,3343],{"class":310},[61,69823,17482],{"class":314},[61,69825,3348],{"class":310},[61,69827,1115],{"class":93},[47,69829,233],{"id":232},[52,69831,69833],{"className":54,"code":69832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69834,69835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69836,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69838,192],{"class":109},[61,69840,229],{"class":93},[61,69842,26267],{"class":102},[61,69844,3032],{"class":93},[61,69846,35872],{"class":102},[61,69848,1365],{"class":93},[20,69850,2034,69851,69853],{},[15,69852,35872],{}," is optional.",[164,69855,69856,69862,69868],{},[167,69857,69858,69859,69861],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69860,12789],{}," removes the last item",[167,69863,69864,69865,69867],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69866,12789],{}," removes the item at that position",[167,69869,69870],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69872,295],{},[52,69874,69876],{"className":54,"code":69875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69877,69878,69910,69914,69933,69937,69947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69879,69880,69882,69884,69886,69888,69890,69892,69894,69896,69898,69900,69902,69904,69906,69908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69881,36117],{"class":67},[61,69883,72],{"class":71},[61,69885,1088],{"class":93},[61,69887,1010],{"class":310},[61,69889,221],{"class":314},[61,69891,1010],{"class":310},[61,69893,106],{"class":93},[61,69895,311],{"class":310},[61,69897,1101],{"class":314},[61,69899,1010],{"class":310},[61,69901,106],{"class":93},[61,69903,311],{"class":310},[61,69905,1110],{"class":314},[61,69907,1010],{"class":310},[61,69909,1115],{"class":93},[61,69911,69912],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69913,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,69915,69916,69918,69920,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,69917,28565],{"class":67},[61,69919,72],{"class":71},[61,69921,69922],{"class":67}," letters",[61,69924,229],{"class":93},[61,69926,26267],{"class":102},[61,69928,94],{"class":93},[61,69930,3035],{"class":75},[61,69932,258],{"class":93},[61,69934,69935],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,69936,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,69938,69939,69941,69943,69945],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,69940,90],{"class":89},[61,69942,94],{"class":93},[61,69944,23338],{"class":102},[61,69946,258],{"class":93},[61,69948,69949,69951,69953,69955],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,69950,90],{"class":89},[61,69952,94],{"class":93},[61,69954,36170],{"class":102},[61,69956,258],{"class":93},[20,69958,345],{},[52,69960,69962],{"className":54,"code":69961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69963,69964,69969],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69965,69966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69967,69968],{"class":67},"b\n",[61,69970,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,69972,1356],{"class":93},[61,69974,3348],{"class":310},[61,69976,221],{"class":314},[61,69978,3348],{"class":310},[61,69980,106],{"class":93},[61,69982,3343],{"class":310},[61,69984,1110],{"class":314},[61,69986,3348],{"class":310},[61,69988,1115],{"class":93},[20,69990,69991,69992,229],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[221,69993,52594],{"href":50801},[47,69995,69997],{"id":69996},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69999,70000,70001,70003],{},"When you call ",[15,70002,12789],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[52,70005,70007],{"className":54,"code":70006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70008,70009,70044,70048,70063,70067,70078],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70010,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019,70022,70024,70026,70028,70031,70033,70035,70037,70040,70042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70012,29925],{"class":67},[61,70014,72],{"class":71},[61,70016,1088],{"class":93},[61,70018,1010],{"class":310},[61,70020,70021],{"class":314},"write",[61,70023,1010],{"class":310},[61,70025,106],{"class":93},[61,70027,311],{"class":310},[61,70029,70030],{"class":314},"test",[61,70032,1010],{"class":310},[61,70034,106],{"class":93},[61,70036,311],{"class":310},[61,70038,70039],{"class":314},"submit",[61,70041,1010],{"class":310},[61,70043,1115],{"class":93},[61,70045,70046],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70047,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70049,70050,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,70051,70052],{"class":67},"last_task ",[61,70054,72],{"class":71},[61,70056,30003],{"class":67},[61,70058,229],{"class":93},[61,70060,26267],{"class":102},[61,70062,8676],{"class":93},[61,70064,70065],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,70066,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70068,70069,70071,70073,70076],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,70070,90],{"class":89},[61,70072,94],{"class":93},[61,70074,70075],{"class":102},"last_task",[61,70077,258],{"class":93},[61,70079,70080,70082,70084,70086],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,70081,90],{"class":89},[61,70083,94],{"class":93},[61,70085,36533],{"class":102},[61,70087,258],{"class":93},[20,70089,345],{},[52,70091,70093],{"className":54,"code":70092,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70094,70095,70100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70096,70097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70098,70099],{"class":67},"submit\n",[61,70101,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70103,1356],{"class":93},[61,70105,3348],{"class":310},[61,70107,70021],{"class":314},[61,70109,3348],{"class":310},[61,70111,106],{"class":93},[61,70113,3343],{"class":310},[61,70115,70030],{"class":314},[61,70117,3348],{"class":310},[61,70119,1115],{"class":93},[20,70121,70122],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[47,70124,70126],{"id":70125},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70128,70129],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[52,70131,70133],{"className":54,"code":70132,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70134,70135,70175,70179,70197,70201,70211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70136,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70138,36266],{"class":67},[61,70140,72],{"class":71},[61,70142,1088],{"class":93},[61,70144,1010],{"class":310},[61,70146,4118],{"class":314},[61,70148,1010],{"class":310},[61,70150,106],{"class":93},[61,70152,311],{"class":310},[61,70154,4127],{"class":314},[61,70156,1010],{"class":310},[61,70158,106],{"class":93},[61,70160,311],{"class":310},[61,70162,4136],{"class":314},[61,70164,1010],{"class":310},[61,70166,106],{"class":93},[61,70168,311],{"class":310},[61,70170,33250],{"class":314},[61,70172,1010],{"class":310},[61,70174,1115],{"class":93},[61,70176,70177],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70178,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70180,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,70182,69760],{"class":67},[61,70184,72],{"class":71},[61,70186,52674],{"class":67},[61,70188,229],{"class":93},[61,70190,26267],{"class":102},[61,70192,94],{"class":93},[61,70194,3035],{"class":75},[61,70196,258],{"class":93},[61,70198,70199],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,70200,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70202,70203,70205,70207,70209],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,70204,90],{"class":89},[61,70206,94],{"class":93},[61,70208,69783],{"class":102},[61,70210,258],{"class":93},[61,70212,70213,70215,70217,70219],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,70214,90],{"class":89},[61,70216,94],{"class":93},[61,70218,36318],{"class":102},[61,70220,258],{"class":93},[20,70222,345],{},[52,70224,70226],{"className":54,"code":70225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70227,70228,70233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70229,70230],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70231,70232],{"class":67},"banana\n",[61,70234,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70236,1356],{"class":93},[61,70238,3348],{"class":310},[61,70240,4118],{"class":314},[61,70242,3348],{"class":310},[61,70244,106],{"class":93},[61,70246,3343],{"class":310},[61,70248,4136],{"class":314},[61,70250,3348],{"class":310},[61,70252,106],{"class":93},[61,70254,3343],{"class":310},[61,70256,33250],{"class":314},[61,70258,3348],{"class":310},[61,70260,1115],{"class":93},[20,70262,70263],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[52,70265,70267],{"className":54,"code":70266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70268,70269,70301,70305,70325,70329,70339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70270,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70272,36266],{"class":67},[61,70274,72],{"class":71},[61,70276,1088],{"class":93},[61,70278,1010],{"class":310},[61,70280,4118],{"class":314},[61,70282,1010],{"class":310},[61,70284,106],{"class":93},[61,70286,311],{"class":310},[61,70288,4127],{"class":314},[61,70290,1010],{"class":310},[61,70292,106],{"class":93},[61,70294,311],{"class":310},[61,70296,4136],{"class":314},[61,70298,1010],{"class":310},[61,70300,1115],{"class":93},[61,70302,70303],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70304,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70306,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319,70321,70323],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,70308,69760],{"class":67},[61,70310,72],{"class":71},[61,70312,52674],{"class":67},[61,70314,229],{"class":93},[61,70316,26267],{"class":102},[61,70318,94],{"class":93},[61,70320,2078],{"class":71},[61,70322,3035],{"class":75},[61,70324,258],{"class":93},[61,70326,70327],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,70328,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70330,70331,70333,70335,70337],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,70332,90],{"class":89},[61,70334,94],{"class":93},[61,70336,69783],{"class":102},[61,70338,258],{"class":93},[61,70340,70341,70343,70345,70347],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,70342,90],{"class":89},[61,70344,94],{"class":93},[61,70346,36318],{"class":102},[61,70348,258],{"class":93},[20,70350,345],{},[52,70352,70354],{"className":54,"code":70353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70355,70356,70361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70357,70358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70359,70360],{"class":67},"cherry\n",[61,70362,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70364,1356],{"class":93},[61,70366,3348],{"class":310},[61,70368,4118],{"class":314},[61,70370,3348],{"class":310},[61,70372,106],{"class":93},[61,70374,3343],{"class":310},[61,70376,4127],{"class":314},[61,70378,3348],{"class":310},[61,70380,1115],{"class":93},[20,70382,70383,70384,70386],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70385,65680],{}," means the last item.",[20,70388,70389,70390,229],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[221,70391,70392,10770],{"href":58789},[15,70393,64691],{},[47,70395,70397],{"id":70396},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70399,70400,70402],{},[15,70401,12789],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70404,70405,70406,749,70408,229],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70407,12789],{},[221,70409,70410],{"href":54895},[15,70411,55352],{},[20,70413,295],{},[52,70415,70417],{"className":54,"code":70416,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70418,70419,70451,70455,70474,70478,70489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70420,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70422,5035],{"class":67},[61,70424,72],{"class":71},[61,70426,1088],{"class":93},[61,70428,1010],{"class":310},[61,70430,1319],{"class":314},[61,70432,1010],{"class":310},[61,70434,106],{"class":93},[61,70436,311],{"class":310},[61,70438,35967],{"class":314},[61,70440,1010],{"class":310},[61,70442,106],{"class":93},[61,70444,311],{"class":310},[61,70446,35976],{"class":314},[61,70448,1010],{"class":310},[61,70450,1115],{"class":93},[61,70452,70453],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70454,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70456,70457,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,70458,70459],{"class":67},"removed_name ",[61,70461,72],{"class":71},[61,70463,69402],{"class":67},[61,70465,229],{"class":93},[61,70467,26267],{"class":102},[61,70469,94],{"class":93},[61,70471,2175],{"class":75},[61,70473,258],{"class":93},[61,70475,70476],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,70477,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70479,70480,70482,70484,70487],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,70481,90],{"class":89},[61,70483,94],{"class":93},[61,70485,70486],{"class":102},"removed_name",[61,70488,258],{"class":93},[61,70490,70491,70493,70495,70497],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,70492,90],{"class":89},[61,70494,94],{"class":93},[61,70496,5079],{"class":102},[61,70498,258],{"class":93},[20,70500,345],{},[52,70502,70504],{"className":54,"code":70503,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70505,70506,70510],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70507,70508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70509,1370],{"class":67},[61,70511,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70513,1356],{"class":93},[61,70515,3348],{"class":310},[61,70517,35967],{"class":314},[61,70519,3348],{"class":310},[61,70521,106],{"class":93},[61,70523,3343],{"class":310},[61,70525,35976],{"class":314},[61,70527,3348],{"class":310},[61,70529,1115],{"class":93},[20,70531,70532],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70534,70535,70536,70538,70539,229],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70537,55352],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70540,3820],{},[47,70542,70544],{"id":70543},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[260,70546,70548],{"id":70547},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70550,70551,70552,70554,70555,229],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70553,12789],{}," raises an ",[15,70556,70557],{},"IndexError",[52,70559,70561],{"className":54,"code":70560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70562,70563,70571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70564,70565,70567,70569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70566,7814],{"class":67},[61,70568,72],{"class":71},[61,70570,7874],{"class":93},[61,70572,70573,70575,70577,70579],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70574,7845],{"class":67},[61,70576,229],{"class":93},[61,70578,26267],{"class":102},[61,70580,8676],{"class":93},[20,70582,345],{},[52,70584,70586],{"className":54,"code":70585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70587,70588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70589,70590,70592,70594,70597,70600,70603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70591,70557],{"class":109},[61,70593,1314],{"class":93},[61,70595,70596],{"class":67}," pop ",[61,70598,70599],{"class":672},"from",[61,70601,70602],{"class":67}," empty ",[61,70604,1205],{"class":109},[20,70606,39290],{},[164,70608,70609,70614],{},[167,70610,70611,70612],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70613,12789],{},[167,70615,70616,70617,749,70619],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70618,29831],{},[15,70620,29862],{},[20,70622,295],{},[52,70624,70626],{"className":54,"code":70625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70627,70628,70636,70640,70648,70662,70668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70629,70630,70632,70634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70631,7814],{"class":67},[61,70633,72],{"class":71},[61,70635,7874],{"class":93},[61,70637,70638],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70639,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70641,70642,70644,70646],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,70643,1124],{"class":672},[61,70645,6004],{"class":67},[61,70647,6433],{"class":93},[61,70649,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,70651,1141],{"class":89},[61,70653,94],{"class":93},[61,70655,7845],{"class":102},[61,70657,229],{"class":93},[61,70659,26267],{"class":102},[61,70661,7228],{"class":93},[61,70663,70664,70666],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,70665,27460],{"class":672},[61,70667,6433],{"class":93},[61,70669,70670,70672,70674,70676,70679,70681],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,70671,1141],{"class":89},[61,70673,94],{"class":93},[61,70675,1010],{"class":310},[61,70677,70678],{"class":314},"The list is empty.",[61,70680,1010],{"class":310},[61,70682,258],{"class":93},[260,70684,70686],{"id":70685},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70688,70689,70690,229],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70691,70557],{},[52,70693,70695],{"className":54,"code":70694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70696,70697,70717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70698,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70700,3661],{"class":67},[61,70702,72],{"class":71},[61,70704,1088],{"class":93},[61,70706,2379],{"class":75},[61,70708,106],{"class":93},[61,70710,7825],{"class":75},[61,70712,106],{"class":93},[61,70714,7830],{"class":75},[61,70716,1115],{"class":93},[61,70718,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70720,3691],{"class":67},[61,70722,229],{"class":93},[61,70724,26267],{"class":102},[61,70726,94],{"class":93},[61,70728,2192],{"class":75},[61,70730,258],{"class":93},[20,70732,345],{},[52,70734,70736],{"className":54,"code":70735,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70737,70738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70739,70740,70742,70744,70747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70741,70557],{"class":109},[61,70743,1314],{"class":93},[61,70745,70746],{"class":67}," pop index out of ",[61,70748,70749],{"class":89},"range\n",[20,70751,39290],{},[164,70753,70754,70759],{},[167,70755,70756,70757],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70758,42384],{},[167,70760,70761],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[52,70763,70765],{"className":54,"code":70764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70766,70767,70787,70796,70800,70822,70840,70846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70768,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70770,3661],{"class":67},[61,70772,72],{"class":71},[61,70774,1088],{"class":93},[61,70776,2379],{"class":75},[61,70778,106],{"class":93},[61,70780,7825],{"class":75},[61,70782,106],{"class":93},[61,70784,7830],{"class":75},[61,70786,1115],{"class":93},[61,70788,70789,70792,70794],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70790,70791],{"class":67},"index ",[61,70793,72],{"class":71},[61,70795,45604],{"class":75},[61,70797,70798],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,70799,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,70801,70802,70804,70806,70809,70812,70814,70816,70818,70820],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,70803,1124],{"class":672},[61,70805,3876],{"class":75},[61,70807,70808],{"class":71}," \u003C=",[61,70810,70811],{"class":67}," index ",[61,70813,3337],{"class":71},[61,70815,38414],{"class":89},[61,70817,94],{"class":93},[61,70819,3691],{"class":102},[61,70821,900],{"class":93},[61,70823,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,70825,1141],{"class":89},[61,70827,94],{"class":93},[61,70829,3691],{"class":102},[61,70831,229],{"class":93},[61,70833,26267],{"class":102},[61,70835,94],{"class":93},[61,70837,35872],{"class":102},[61,70839,342],{"class":93},[61,70841,70842,70844],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,70843,27460],{"class":672},[61,70845,6433],{"class":93},[61,70847,70848,70850,70852,70854,70857,70859],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,70849,1141],{"class":89},[61,70851,94],{"class":93},[61,70853,1010],{"class":310},[61,70855,70856],{"class":314},"Index is out of range.",[61,70858,1010],{"class":310},[61,70860,258],{"class":93},[20,70862,70863,70864,229],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[221,70865,69085],{"href":69084},[260,70867,70869],{"id":70868},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70871,70872,70874],{},[15,70873,12789],{}," expects an integer index.",[52,70876,70878],{"className":54,"code":70877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70879,70880,70900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70881,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70883,3661],{"class":67},[61,70885,72],{"class":71},[61,70887,1088],{"class":93},[61,70889,2379],{"class":75},[61,70891,106],{"class":93},[61,70893,7825],{"class":75},[61,70895,106],{"class":93},[61,70897,7830],{"class":75},[61,70899,1115],{"class":93},[61,70901,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70903,3691],{"class":67},[61,70905,229],{"class":93},[61,70907,26267],{"class":102},[61,70909,94],{"class":93},[61,70911,1010],{"class":310},[61,70913,3035],{"class":314},[61,70915,1010],{"class":310},[61,70917,258],{"class":93},[20,70919,345],{},[52,70921,70923],{"className":54,"code":70922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70924,70925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70926,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70942,70945],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70928,1382],{"class":109},[61,70930,1314],{"class":93},[61,70932,3343],{"class":310},[61,70934,185],{"class":314},[61,70936,3348],{"class":310},[61,70938,24645],{"class":109},[61,70940,70941],{"class":67}," cannot be interpreted ",[61,70943,70944],{"class":672},"as",[61,70946,70947],{"class":67}," an integer\n",[20,70949,39290],{},[164,70951,70952,70961],{},[167,70953,70954,70955,186,70957,283,70959],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70956,2175],{},[15,70958,3035],{},[15,70960,65680],{},[167,70962,70963],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[52,70965,70967],{"className":54,"code":70966,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70968,70969,70989,71007,71011,71029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70970,70971,70973,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70972,3661],{"class":67},[61,70974,72],{"class":71},[61,70976,1088],{"class":93},[61,70978,2379],{"class":75},[61,70980,106],{"class":93},[61,70982,7825],{"class":75},[61,70984,106],{"class":93},[61,70986,7830],{"class":75},[61,70988,1115],{"class":93},[61,70990,70991,70993,70995,70997,70999,71001,71003,71005],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,70992,70791],{"class":67},[61,70994,72],{"class":71},[61,70996,110],{"class":109},[61,70998,94],{"class":93},[61,71000,1010],{"class":310},[61,71002,3035],{"class":314},[61,71004,1010],{"class":310},[61,71006,258],{"class":93},[61,71008,71009],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,71010,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,71012,71013,71015,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,71014,90],{"class":89},[61,71016,94],{"class":93},[61,71018,3691],{"class":102},[61,71020,229],{"class":93},[61,71022,26267],{"class":102},[61,71024,94],{"class":93},[61,71026,35872],{"class":102},[61,71028,342],{"class":93},[61,71030,71031,71033,71035,71037],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,71032,90],{"class":89},[61,71034,94],{"class":93},[61,71036,3691],{"class":102},[61,71038,258],{"class":93},[20,71040,345],{},[52,71042,71044],{"className":54,"code":71043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71045,71046,71051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71047,71048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71049,71050],{"class":75},"20\n",[61,71052,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71054,1356],{"class":93},[61,71056,2379],{"class":75},[61,71058,106],{"class":93},[61,71060,7830],{"class":75},[61,71062,1115],{"class":93},[47,71064,71066],{"id":71065},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71068,71069],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[260,71071,143,71073,10630],{"id":71072},"use-pop-when",[15,71074,12789],{},[164,71076,71077,71080,71083],{},[167,71078,71079],{},"you want to remove by index",[167,71081,71082],{},"you want the removed item returned",[167,71084,71085],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[260,71087,143,71089,10630],{"id":71088},"use-remove-when",[15,71090,55352],{},[164,71092,71093,71096],{},[167,71094,71095],{},"you want to remove by value",[167,71097,71098],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71100,71101],{},"Compare these examples:",[52,71103,71105],{"className":54,"code":71104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71106,71107,71131,71135,71153,71163],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71108,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71110,3661],{"class":67},[61,71112,72],{"class":71},[61,71114,1088],{"class":93},[61,71116,2379],{"class":75},[61,71118,106],{"class":93},[61,71120,7825],{"class":75},[61,71122,106],{"class":93},[61,71124,7830],{"class":75},[61,71126,106],{"class":93},[61,71128,7825],{"class":75},[61,71130,1115],{"class":93},[61,71132,71133],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71134,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,71136,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,71138,69760],{"class":67},[61,71140,72],{"class":71},[61,71142,4303],{"class":67},[61,71144,229],{"class":93},[61,71146,26267],{"class":102},[61,71148,94],{"class":93},[61,71150,3035],{"class":75},[61,71152,258],{"class":93},[61,71154,71155,71157,71159,71161],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,71156,90],{"class":89},[61,71158,94],{"class":93},[61,71160,69783],{"class":102},[61,71162,258],{"class":93},[61,71164,71165,71167,71169,71171],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,71166,90],{"class":89},[61,71168,94],{"class":93},[61,71170,3691],{"class":102},[61,71172,258],{"class":93},[20,71174,345],{},[52,71176,71178],{"className":54,"code":71177,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71179,71180,71184],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71181,71182],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71183,71050],{"class":75},[61,71185,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196,71198],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71187,1356],{"class":93},[61,71189,2379],{"class":75},[61,71191,106],{"class":93},[61,71193,7830],{"class":75},[61,71195,106],{"class":93},[61,71197,7825],{"class":75},[61,71199,1115],{"class":93},[52,71201,71203],{"className":54,"code":71202,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71204,71205,71229,71233,71247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71206,71207,71209,71211,71213,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71208,3661],{"class":67},[61,71210,72],{"class":71},[61,71212,1088],{"class":93},[61,71214,2379],{"class":75},[61,71216,106],{"class":93},[61,71218,7825],{"class":75},[61,71220,106],{"class":93},[61,71222,7830],{"class":75},[61,71224,106],{"class":93},[61,71226,7825],{"class":75},[61,71228,1115],{"class":93},[61,71230,71231],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71232,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,71234,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,71236,3691],{"class":67},[61,71238,229],{"class":93},[61,71240,34823],{"class":102},[61,71242,94],{"class":93},[61,71244,15782],{"class":75},[61,71246,258],{"class":93},[61,71248,71249,71251,71253,71255],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,71250,90],{"class":89},[61,71252,94],{"class":93},[61,71254,3691],{"class":102},[61,71256,258],{"class":93},[20,71258,345],{},[52,71260,71262],{"className":54,"code":71261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71263,71264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71265,71266,71268,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71267,1356],{"class":93},[61,71269,2379],{"class":75},[61,71271,106],{"class":93},[61,71273,7830],{"class":75},[61,71275,106],{"class":93},[61,71277,7825],{"class":75},[61,71279,1115],{"class":93},[20,71281,71282,71283,71286,71287,229],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71284,71285],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71288,3035],{},[20,71290,56428,71291,71294,71295,229],{},[15,71292,71293],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71296,15782],{},[20,71298,71299,71300,229],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[221,71301,54891],{"href":54890},[47,71303,2878],{"id":2877},[20,71305,71306,71307,1314],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71308,12789],{},[164,71310,71311,71314,71317,71323,71327],{},[167,71312,71313],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[167,71315,71316],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[167,71318,37232,71319,8738,71321],{},[15,71320,12789],{},[15,71322,55352],{},[167,71324,8485,71325,61797],{},[15,71326,12789],{},[167,71328,71329],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71331,71332],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[52,71334,71336],{"className":54,"code":71335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71337,71338,71348,71362,71376,71394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71339,71340,71342,71344,71346],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71341,90],{"class":89},[61,71343,94],{"class":93},[61,71345,8371],{"class":102},[61,71347,258],{"class":93},[61,71349,71350,71352,71354,71356,71358,71360],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71351,90],{"class":89},[61,71353,94],{"class":93},[61,71355,11191],{"class":89},[61,71357,94],{"class":93},[61,71359,8371],{"class":102},[61,71361,342],{"class":93},[61,71363,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,71365,90],{"class":89},[61,71367,94],{"class":93},[61,71369,8371],{"class":102},[61,71371,229],{"class":93},[61,71373,26267],{"class":102},[61,71375,7228],{"class":93},[61,71377,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,71379,90],{"class":89},[61,71381,94],{"class":93},[61,71383,8371],{"class":102},[61,71385,229],{"class":93},[61,71387,26267],{"class":102},[61,71389,94],{"class":93},[61,71391,2175],{"class":75},[61,71393,342],{"class":93},[61,71395,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,71397,90],{"class":89},[61,71399,94],{"class":93},[61,71401,657],{"class":109},[61,71403,94],{"class":93},[61,71405,35872],{"class":102},[61,71407,342],{"class":93},[20,71409,71410],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[164,71412,71413,71419],{},[167,71414,71415,71418],{},[15,71416,71417],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[167,71420,71421,71424],{},[15,71422,71423],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71426,71427,71428,71431],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71429,71430],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[47,71433,1879],{"id":1878},[260,71435,71437],{"id":71436},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71439,71440,71441,71443],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71442,12789],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[260,71445,71447],{"id":71446},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71449,71450,71452,71453,71455,71456,229],{},[15,71451,12789],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71454,55352],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71457,3820],{},[260,71459,71461],{"id":71460},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71463,71464,71465,71468],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71466,71467],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[260,71470,71472],{"id":71471},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71474,71475,71476,71478],{},"Python raises ",[15,71477,70557],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[47,71480,1938],{"id":1937},[164,71482,71483,71487,71492,71497,71502],{},[167,71484,71485],{},[221,71486,55338],{"href":54890},[167,71488,71489],{},[221,71490,71491],{"href":54895},"Python list remove() method",[167,71493,71494],{},[221,71495,71496],{"href":58789},"Python list index() method",[167,71498,71499],{},[221,71500,71501],{"href":50801},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[167,71503,71504],{},[221,71505,69085],{"href":69084},[1969,71507,71508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":71510},[71511,71512,71513,71514,71515,71516,71517,71522,71528,71529,71535],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":69686,"depth":79,"text":69687},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":69996,"depth":79,"text":69997},{"id":70125,"depth":79,"text":70126},{"id":70396,"depth":79,"text":70397},{"id":70543,"depth":79,"text":70544,"children":71518},[71519,71520,71521],{"id":70547,"depth":86,"text":70548},{"id":70685,"depth":86,"text":70686},{"id":70868,"depth":86,"text":70869},{"id":71065,"depth":79,"text":71066,"children":71523},[71524,71526],{"id":71072,"depth":86,"text":71525},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71088,"depth":86,"text":71527},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":71530},[71531,71532,71533,71534],{"id":71436,"depth":86,"text":71437},{"id":71446,"depth":86,"text":71447},{"id":71460,"depth":86,"text":71461},{"id":71471,"depth":86,"text":71472},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69553,"description":71536},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71543,"title":71544,"body":71545,"description":73331,"extension":2017,"meta":73332,"navigation":82,"path":73333,"seo":73334,"stem":73335,"__hash__":73336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71546,"toc":73313},[71547,71550,71555,71561,71563,71633,71639,71643,71648,71669,71672,71739,71741,71762,71770,71772,71791,71807,71809,71874,71876,71901,71903,71905,71970,71972,71997,71999,72013,72016,72069,72071,72092,72096,72104,72177,72179,72212,72218,72224,72315,72317,72342,72348,72437,72439,72463,72465,72469,72524,72526,72558,72561,72564,72658,72660,72693,72699,72705,72709,72716,72742,72746,72811,72813,72838,72842,72923,72925,72954,72959,72964,72970,72974,72981,73003,73007,73066,73068,73092,73101,73106,73108,73112,73141,73143,73218,73221,73235,73241,73243,73247,73250,73254,73259,73263,73272,73276,73284,73286,73310],[10,71548,71544],{"id":71549},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71551,2034,71552,71554],{},[15,71553,54898],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71556,71557,71558,71560],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3784,71559,103],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[47,71562,2059],{"id":2058},[52,71564,71566],{"className":54,"code":71565,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71567,71568,71600,71618,71628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71569,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71571,7814],{"class":67},[61,71573,72],{"class":71},[61,71575,1088],{"class":93},[61,71577,1010],{"class":310},[61,71579,4118],{"class":314},[61,71581,1010],{"class":310},[61,71583,106],{"class":93},[61,71585,311],{"class":310},[61,71587,4127],{"class":314},[61,71589,1010],{"class":310},[61,71591,106],{"class":93},[61,71593,311],{"class":310},[61,71595,33250],{"class":314},[61,71597,1010],{"class":310},[61,71599,1115],{"class":93},[61,71601,71602,71604,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71603,7845],{"class":67},[61,71605,229],{"class":93},[61,71607,34823],{"class":102},[61,71609,94],{"class":93},[61,71611,1010],{"class":310},[61,71613,4127],{"class":314},[61,71615,1010],{"class":310},[61,71617,258],{"class":93},[61,71619,71620,71622,71624,71626],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,71621,90],{"class":89},[61,71623,94],{"class":93},[61,71625,7845],{"class":102},[61,71627,258],{"class":93},[61,71629,71630],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,71631,71632],{"class":116},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71634,143,71635,71638],{},[15,71636,71637],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[47,71640,71642],{"id":71641},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71644,71645,71647],{},[15,71646,55352],{}," is a list method that:",[164,71649,71650,71656,71661,71666],{},[167,71651,71652,71653,71655],{},"Deletes the ",[3784,71654,29936],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[167,71657,71658,71659],{},"Changes the original list ",[3784,71660,11364],{},[167,71662,1928,71663,71665],{},[3784,71664,4670],{}," return a new list",[167,71667,71668],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71670,71671],{},"This is important for beginners:",[52,71673,71675],{"className":54,"code":71674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71676,71677,71697,71715,71719,71729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71678,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71680,3661],{"class":67},[61,71682,72],{"class":71},[61,71684,1088],{"class":93},[61,71686,3035],{"class":75},[61,71688,106],{"class":93},[61,71690,3040],{"class":75},[61,71692,106],{"class":93},[61,71694,1020],{"class":75},[61,71696,1115],{"class":93},[61,71698,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71700,1593],{"class":67},[61,71702,72],{"class":71},[61,71704,4303],{"class":67},[61,71706,229],{"class":93},[61,71708,34823],{"class":102},[61,71710,94],{"class":93},[61,71712,2113],{"class":75},[61,71714,258],{"class":93},[61,71716,71717],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,71718,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,71720,71721,71723,71725,71727],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,71722,90],{"class":89},[61,71724,94],{"class":93},[61,71726,3691],{"class":102},[61,71728,258],{"class":93},[61,71730,71731,71733,71735,71737],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,71732,90],{"class":89},[61,71734,94],{"class":93},[61,71736,1620],{"class":102},[61,71738,258],{"class":93},[20,71740,345],{},[52,71742,71744],{"className":54,"code":71743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71745,71746,71758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71747,71748,71750,71752,71754,71756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71749,1356],{"class":93},[61,71751,3035],{"class":75},[61,71753,106],{"class":93},[61,71755,1020],{"class":75},[61,71757,1115],{"class":93},[61,71759,71760],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71761,11835],{"class":355},[20,71763,71764,71765,71767,71768,229],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71766,55352],{}," itself returned ",[15,71769,3820],{},[47,71771,5468],{"id":5467},[52,71773,71775],{"className":54,"code":71774,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71776,71777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71778,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71780,192],{"class":109},[61,71782,229],{"class":93},[61,71784,34823],{"class":102},[61,71786,94],{"class":93},[61,71788,103],{"class":102},[61,71790,258],{"class":93},[164,71792,71793,71798,71801],{},[167,71794,71795,71797],{},[15,71796,103],{}," is the item you want to delete",[167,71799,71800],{},"Python searches from left to right",[167,71802,71803,71804,71806],{},"Only the ",[3784,71805,29936],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71808,295],{},[52,71810,71812],{"className":54,"code":71811,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71813,71814,71846,71864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71815,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71817,36117],{"class":67},[61,71819,72],{"class":71},[61,71821,1088],{"class":93},[61,71823,1010],{"class":310},[61,71825,221],{"class":314},[61,71827,1010],{"class":310},[61,71829,106],{"class":93},[61,71831,311],{"class":310},[61,71833,1101],{"class":314},[61,71835,1010],{"class":310},[61,71837,106],{"class":93},[61,71839,311],{"class":310},[61,71841,1110],{"class":314},[61,71843,1010],{"class":310},[61,71845,1115],{"class":93},[61,71847,71848,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71849,36170],{"class":67},[61,71851,229],{"class":93},[61,71853,34823],{"class":102},[61,71855,94],{"class":93},[61,71857,1010],{"class":310},[61,71859,1101],{"class":314},[61,71861,1010],{"class":310},[61,71863,258],{"class":93},[61,71865,71866,71868,71870,71872],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,71867,90],{"class":89},[61,71869,94],{"class":93},[61,71871,36170],{"class":102},[61,71873,258],{"class":93},[20,71875,345],{},[52,71877,71879],{"className":54,"code":71878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71880,71881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71882,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71884,1356],{"class":93},[61,71886,3348],{"class":310},[61,71888,221],{"class":314},[61,71890,3348],{"class":310},[61,71892,106],{"class":93},[61,71894,3343],{"class":310},[61,71896,1110],{"class":314},[61,71898,3348],{"class":310},[61,71900,1115],{"class":93},[47,71902,5825],{"id":5824},[20,71904,65000],{},[52,71906,71908],{"className":54,"code":71907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71909,71910,71942,71960],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71911,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71913,13102],{"class":67},[61,71915,72],{"class":71},[61,71917,1088],{"class":93},[61,71919,1010],{"class":310},[61,71921,13119],{"class":314},[61,71923,1010],{"class":310},[61,71925,106],{"class":93},[61,71927,311],{"class":310},[61,71929,13136],{"class":314},[61,71931,1010],{"class":310},[61,71933,106],{"class":93},[61,71935,311],{"class":310},[61,71937,17482],{"class":314},[61,71939,1010],{"class":310},[61,71941,1115],{"class":93},[61,71943,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,71945,17529],{"class":67},[61,71947,229],{"class":93},[61,71949,34823],{"class":102},[61,71951,94],{"class":93},[61,71953,1010],{"class":310},[61,71955,13136],{"class":314},[61,71957,1010],{"class":310},[61,71959,258],{"class":93},[61,71961,71962,71964,71966,71968],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,71963,90],{"class":89},[61,71965,94],{"class":93},[61,71967,17529],{"class":102},[61,71969,258],{"class":93},[20,71971,345],{},[52,71973,71975],{"className":54,"code":71974,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71976,71977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71978,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71980,1356],{"class":93},[61,71982,3348],{"class":310},[61,71984,13119],{"class":314},[61,71986,3348],{"class":310},[61,71988,106],{"class":93},[61,71990,3343],{"class":310},[61,71992,17482],{"class":314},[61,71994,3348],{"class":310},[61,71996,1115],{"class":93},[20,71998,11710],{},[164,72000,72001,72004,72010],{},[167,72002,72003],{},"A list is created with three values",[167,72005,72006,72009],{},[15,72007,72008],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[167,72011,72012],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72014,72015],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[52,72017,72019],{"className":54,"code":72018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72020,72021,72045,72059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72022,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72024,5104],{"class":67},[61,72026,72],{"class":71},[61,72028,1088],{"class":93},[61,72030,2379],{"class":75},[61,72032,106],{"class":93},[61,72034,7825],{"class":75},[61,72036,106],{"class":93},[61,72038,7830],{"class":75},[61,72040,106],{"class":93},[61,72042,50665],{"class":75},[61,72044,1115],{"class":93},[61,72046,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72048,16417],{"class":67},[61,72050,229],{"class":93},[61,72052,34823],{"class":102},[61,72054,94],{"class":93},[61,72056,36869],{"class":75},[61,72058,258],{"class":93},[61,72060,72061,72063,72065,72067],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,72062,90],{"class":89},[61,72064,94],{"class":93},[61,72066,16417],{"class":102},[61,72068,258],{"class":93},[20,72070,345],{},[52,72072,72074],{"className":54,"code":72073,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72075,72076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72077,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72079,1356],{"class":93},[61,72081,2379],{"class":75},[61,72083,106],{"class":93},[61,72085,7825],{"class":75},[61,72087,106],{"class":93},[61,72089,50665],{"class":75},[61,72091,1115],{"class":93},[47,72093,72095],{"id":72094},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72097,64990,72098,72100,72101,72103],{},[15,72099,55352],{}," deletes only the ",[3784,72102,29936],{}," one.",[52,72105,72107],{"className":54,"code":72106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72108,72109,72149,72167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72110,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72112,7814],{"class":67},[61,72114,72],{"class":71},[61,72116,1088],{"class":93},[61,72118,1010],{"class":310},[61,72120,4118],{"class":314},[61,72122,1010],{"class":310},[61,72124,106],{"class":93},[61,72126,311],{"class":310},[61,72128,4127],{"class":314},[61,72130,1010],{"class":310},[61,72132,106],{"class":93},[61,72134,311],{"class":310},[61,72136,4118],{"class":314},[61,72138,1010],{"class":310},[61,72140,106],{"class":93},[61,72142,311],{"class":310},[61,72144,33250],{"class":314},[61,72146,1010],{"class":310},[61,72148,1115],{"class":93},[61,72150,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72152,7845],{"class":67},[61,72154,229],{"class":93},[61,72156,34823],{"class":102},[61,72158,94],{"class":93},[61,72160,1010],{"class":310},[61,72162,4118],{"class":314},[61,72164,1010],{"class":310},[61,72166,258],{"class":93},[61,72168,72169,72171,72173,72175],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,72170,90],{"class":89},[61,72172,94],{"class":93},[61,72174,7845],{"class":102},[61,72176,258],{"class":93},[20,72178,345],{},[52,72180,72182],{"className":54,"code":72181,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72183,72184],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72185,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72187,1356],{"class":93},[61,72189,3348],{"class":310},[61,72191,4127],{"class":314},[61,72193,3348],{"class":310},[61,72195,106],{"class":93},[61,72197,3343],{"class":310},[61,72199,4118],{"class":314},[61,72201,3348],{"class":310},[61,72203,106],{"class":93},[61,72205,3343],{"class":310},[61,72207,33250],{"class":314},[61,72209,3348],{"class":310},[61,72211,1115],{"class":93},[20,72213,72214,72215,72217],{},"Only the first ",[15,72216,57657],{}," was removed.",[20,72219,72220,72221,72223],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72222,55352],{}," again:",[52,72225,72227],{"className":54,"code":72226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72228,72229,72269,72287,72305],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72230,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72232,7814],{"class":67},[61,72234,72],{"class":71},[61,72236,1088],{"class":93},[61,72238,1010],{"class":310},[61,72240,4118],{"class":314},[61,72242,1010],{"class":310},[61,72244,106],{"class":93},[61,72246,311],{"class":310},[61,72248,4127],{"class":314},[61,72250,1010],{"class":310},[61,72252,106],{"class":93},[61,72254,311],{"class":310},[61,72256,4118],{"class":314},[61,72258,1010],{"class":310},[61,72260,106],{"class":93},[61,72262,311],{"class":310},[61,72264,33250],{"class":314},[61,72266,1010],{"class":310},[61,72268,1115],{"class":93},[61,72270,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72272,7845],{"class":67},[61,72274,229],{"class":93},[61,72276,34823],{"class":102},[61,72278,94],{"class":93},[61,72280,1010],{"class":310},[61,72282,4118],{"class":314},[61,72284,1010],{"class":310},[61,72286,258],{"class":93},[61,72288,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,72290,7845],{"class":67},[61,72292,229],{"class":93},[61,72294,34823],{"class":102},[61,72296,94],{"class":93},[61,72298,1010],{"class":310},[61,72300,4118],{"class":314},[61,72302,1010],{"class":310},[61,72304,258],{"class":93},[61,72306,72307,72309,72311,72313],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,72308,90],{"class":89},[61,72310,94],{"class":93},[61,72312,7845],{"class":102},[61,72314,258],{"class":93},[20,72316,345],{},[52,72318,72320],{"className":54,"code":72319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72321,72322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72323,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72325,1356],{"class":93},[61,72327,3348],{"class":310},[61,72329,4127],{"class":314},[61,72331,3348],{"class":310},[61,72333,106],{"class":93},[61,72335,3343],{"class":310},[61,72337,33250],{"class":314},[61,72339,3348],{"class":310},[61,72341,1115],{"class":93},[20,72343,72344,72345,72347],{},"If you need to remove ",[3784,72346,3756],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[52,72349,72351],{"className":54,"code":72350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72352,72353,72393,72427],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72354,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72356,7814],{"class":67},[61,72358,72],{"class":71},[61,72360,1088],{"class":93},[61,72362,1010],{"class":310},[61,72364,4118],{"class":314},[61,72366,1010],{"class":310},[61,72368,106],{"class":93},[61,72370,311],{"class":310},[61,72372,4127],{"class":314},[61,72374,1010],{"class":310},[61,72376,106],{"class":93},[61,72378,311],{"class":310},[61,72380,4118],{"class":314},[61,72382,1010],{"class":310},[61,72384,106],{"class":93},[61,72386,311],{"class":310},[61,72388,33250],{"class":314},[61,72390,1010],{"class":310},[61,72392,1115],{"class":93},[61,72394,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72412,72414,72416,72419,72421,72423,72425],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72396,7814],{"class":67},[61,72398,72],{"class":71},[61,72400,1088],{"class":93},[61,72402,28565],{"class":67},[61,72404,5996],{"class":672},[61,72406,5999],{"class":67},[61,72408,3924],{"class":672},[61,72410,72411],{"class":67}," items ",[61,72413,1124],{"class":672},[61,72415,5999],{"class":67},[61,72417,72418],{"class":71},"!=",[61,72420,311],{"class":310},[61,72422,4118],{"class":314},[61,72424,1010],{"class":310},[61,72426,1115],{"class":93},[61,72428,72429,72431,72433,72435],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,72430,90],{"class":89},[61,72432,94],{"class":93},[61,72434,7845],{"class":102},[61,72436,258],{"class":93},[20,72438,345],{},[52,72440,72441],{"className":54,"code":72319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,72442,72443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72444,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459,72461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72446,1356],{"class":93},[61,72448,3348],{"class":310},[61,72450,4127],{"class":314},[61,72452,3348],{"class":310},[61,72454,106],{"class":93},[61,72456,3343],{"class":310},[61,72458,33250],{"class":314},[61,72460,3348],{"class":310},[61,72462,1115],{"class":93},[47,72464,65456],{"id":65455},[20,72466,65459,72467,229],{},[15,72468,40730],{},[52,72470,72472],{"className":54,"code":72471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72473,72474,72506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72475,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72477,7814],{"class":67},[61,72479,72],{"class":71},[61,72481,1088],{"class":93},[61,72483,1010],{"class":310},[61,72485,4118],{"class":314},[61,72487,1010],{"class":310},[61,72489,106],{"class":93},[61,72491,311],{"class":310},[61,72493,4127],{"class":314},[61,72495,1010],{"class":310},[61,72497,106],{"class":93},[61,72499,311],{"class":310},[61,72501,33250],{"class":314},[61,72503,1010],{"class":310},[61,72505,1115],{"class":93},[61,72507,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72509,7845],{"class":67},[61,72511,229],{"class":93},[61,72513,34823],{"class":102},[61,72515,94],{"class":93},[61,72517,1010],{"class":310},[61,72519,22561],{"class":314},[61,72521,1010],{"class":310},[61,72523,258],{"class":93},[20,72525,345],{},[52,72527,72529],{"className":54,"code":72528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72530,72531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72532,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72534,40730],{"class":109},[61,72536,1314],{"class":93},[61,72538,605],{"class":109},[61,72540,229],{"class":93},[61,72542,34823],{"class":102},[61,72544,94],{"class":93},[61,72546,2228],{"class":102},[61,72548,16480],{"class":93},[61,72550,3921],{"class":67},[61,72552,4670],{"class":71},[61,72554,21201],{"class":71},[61,72556,72557],{"class":109}," list\n",[20,72559,72560],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72562,72563],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[52,72565,72567],{"className":54,"code":72566,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72568,72569,72601,72613,72617,72629,72644,72648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72570,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72572,7814],{"class":67},[61,72574,72],{"class":71},[61,72576,1088],{"class":93},[61,72578,1010],{"class":310},[61,72580,4118],{"class":314},[61,72582,1010],{"class":310},[61,72584,106],{"class":93},[61,72586,311],{"class":310},[61,72588,4127],{"class":314},[61,72590,1010],{"class":310},[61,72592,106],{"class":93},[61,72594,311],{"class":310},[61,72596,33250],{"class":314},[61,72598,1010],{"class":310},[61,72600,1115],{"class":93},[61,72602,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72604,68],{"class":67},[61,72606,72],{"class":71},[61,72608,311],{"class":310},[61,72610,22561],{"class":314},[61,72612,318],{"class":310},[61,72614,72615],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,72616,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,72618,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,72620,1124],{"class":672},[61,72622,21612],{"class":67},[61,72624,3924],{"class":71},[61,72626,6004],{"class":67},[61,72628,6433],{"class":93},[61,72630,72631,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,72632,72633],{"class":67},"    items",[61,72635,229],{"class":93},[61,72637,34823],{"class":102},[61,72639,94],{"class":93},[61,72641,103],{"class":102},[61,72643,258],{"class":93},[61,72645,72646],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,72647,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,72649,72650,72652,72654,72656],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,72651,90],{"class":89},[61,72653,94],{"class":93},[61,72655,7845],{"class":102},[61,72657,258],{"class":93},[20,72659,345],{},[52,72661,72663],{"className":54,"code":72662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72664,72665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72666,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72668,1356],{"class":93},[61,72670,3348],{"class":310},[61,72672,4118],{"class":314},[61,72674,3348],{"class":310},[61,72676,106],{"class":93},[61,72678,3343],{"class":310},[61,72680,4127],{"class":314},[61,72682,3348],{"class":310},[61,72684,106],{"class":93},[61,72686,3343],{"class":310},[61,72688,33250],{"class":314},[61,72690,3348],{"class":310},[61,72692,1115],{"class":93},[20,72694,72695,72696,72698],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72697,55352],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72700,72701,72702,229],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[221,72703,65665],{"href":72704},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[47,72706,72708],{"id":72707},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72710,72711,749,72713,72715],{},[15,72712,55352],{},[15,72714,12789],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[164,72717,72718,72725,72731,72737],{},[167,72719,72720,72722,72723],{},[15,72721,55352],{}," deletes by ",[3784,72724,103],{},[167,72726,72727,72722,72729],{},[15,72728,12789],{},[3784,72730,35872],{},[167,72732,72733,2446,72735],{},[15,72734,55352],{},[15,72736,3820],{},[167,72738,72739,72741],{},[15,72740,12789],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72743,46055,72744,1314],{},[15,72745,55352],{},[52,72747,72749],{"className":54,"code":72748,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72750,72751,72783,72801],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72752,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72754,7814],{"class":67},[61,72756,72],{"class":71},[61,72758,1088],{"class":93},[61,72760,1010],{"class":310},[61,72762,4118],{"class":314},[61,72764,1010],{"class":310},[61,72766,106],{"class":93},[61,72768,311],{"class":310},[61,72770,4127],{"class":314},[61,72772,1010],{"class":310},[61,72774,106],{"class":93},[61,72776,311],{"class":310},[61,72778,33250],{"class":314},[61,72780,1010],{"class":310},[61,72782,1115],{"class":93},[61,72784,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72786,7845],{"class":67},[61,72788,229],{"class":93},[61,72790,34823],{"class":102},[61,72792,94],{"class":93},[61,72794,1010],{"class":310},[61,72796,4127],{"class":314},[61,72798,1010],{"class":310},[61,72800,258],{"class":93},[61,72802,72803,72805,72807,72809],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,72804,90],{"class":89},[61,72806,94],{"class":93},[61,72808,7845],{"class":102},[61,72810,258],{"class":93},[20,72812,345],{},[52,72814,72816],{"className":54,"code":72815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72817,72818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72819,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72821,1356],{"class":93},[61,72823,3348],{"class":310},[61,72825,4118],{"class":314},[61,72827,3348],{"class":310},[61,72829,106],{"class":93},[61,72831,3343],{"class":310},[61,72833,33250],{"class":314},[61,72835,3348],{"class":310},[61,72837,1115],{"class":93},[20,72839,46055,72840,1314],{},[15,72841,12789],{},[52,72843,72845],{"className":54,"code":72844,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72846,72847,72879,72898,72902,72912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72848,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72850,7814],{"class":67},[61,72852,72],{"class":71},[61,72854,1088],{"class":93},[61,72856,1010],{"class":310},[61,72858,4118],{"class":314},[61,72860,1010],{"class":310},[61,72862,106],{"class":93},[61,72864,311],{"class":310},[61,72866,4127],{"class":314},[61,72868,1010],{"class":310},[61,72870,106],{"class":93},[61,72872,311],{"class":310},[61,72874,33250],{"class":314},[61,72876,1010],{"class":310},[61,72878,1115],{"class":93},[61,72880,72881,72884,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72882,72883],{"class":67},"removed_item ",[61,72885,72],{"class":71},[61,72887,6004],{"class":67},[61,72889,229],{"class":93},[61,72891,26267],{"class":102},[61,72893,94],{"class":93},[61,72895,3035],{"class":75},[61,72897,258],{"class":93},[61,72899,72900],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,72901,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,72903,72904,72906,72908,72910],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,72905,90],{"class":89},[61,72907,94],{"class":93},[61,72909,7845],{"class":102},[61,72911,258],{"class":93},[61,72913,72914,72916,72918,72921],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,72915,90],{"class":89},[61,72917,94],{"class":93},[61,72919,72920],{"class":102},"removed_item",[61,72922,258],{"class":93},[20,72924,345],{},[52,72926,72928],{"className":54,"code":72927,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72929,72930,72950],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72931,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72933,1356],{"class":93},[61,72935,3348],{"class":310},[61,72937,4118],{"class":314},[61,72939,3348],{"class":310},[61,72941,106],{"class":93},[61,72943,3343],{"class":310},[61,72945,33250],{"class":314},[61,72947,3348],{"class":310},[61,72949,1115],{"class":93},[61,72951,72952],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,72953,70232],{"class":67},[20,72955,143,72956,72958],{},[15,72957,55352],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72960,143,72961,72963],{},[15,72962,12789],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72965,72966,72967,229],{},"For more detail, see the ",[221,72968,72969],{"href":54902},"Python list pop() method",[47,72971,72973],{"id":72972},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72975,72976,749,72978,72980],{},[15,72977,55352],{},[15,72979,27051],{}," are also different.",[164,72982,72983,72988,72993,72998],{},[167,72984,72985,72987],{},[15,72986,55352],{}," deletes by matching value",[167,72989,72990,72992],{},[15,72991,27051],{}," deletes by index or slice",[167,72994,143,72995,72997],{},[15,72996,27051],{}," when you know the position",[167,72999,143,73000,73002],{},[15,73001,55352],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73004,46055,73005,1314],{},[15,73006,27051],{},[52,73008,73010],{"className":54,"code":73009,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73011,73012,73044,73056],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73013,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73015,7814],{"class":67},[61,73017,72],{"class":71},[61,73019,1088],{"class":93},[61,73021,1010],{"class":310},[61,73023,4118],{"class":314},[61,73025,1010],{"class":310},[61,73027,106],{"class":93},[61,73029,311],{"class":310},[61,73031,4127],{"class":314},[61,73033,1010],{"class":310},[61,73035,106],{"class":93},[61,73037,311],{"class":310},[61,73039,33250],{"class":314},[61,73041,1010],{"class":310},[61,73043,1115],{"class":93},[61,73045,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,73047,27051],{"class":672},[61,73049,6004],{"class":67},[61,73051,1356],{"class":93},[61,73053,3035],{"class":75},[61,73055,1115],{"class":93},[61,73057,73058,73060,73062,73064],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,73059,90],{"class":89},[61,73061,94],{"class":93},[61,73063,7845],{"class":102},[61,73065,258],{"class":93},[20,73067,345],{},[52,73069,73070],{"className":54,"code":72815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,73071,73072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73073,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73075,1356],{"class":93},[61,73077,3348],{"class":310},[61,73079,4118],{"class":314},[61,73081,3348],{"class":310},[61,73083,106],{"class":93},[61,73085,3343],{"class":310},[61,73087,33250],{"class":314},[61,73089,3348],{"class":310},[61,73091,1115],{"class":93},[20,73093,73094,73095,73097,73098,73100],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73096,3035],{},", not the value ",[15,73099,65100],{}," directly.",[20,73102,73103,73104,229],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[221,73105,54891],{"href":54890},[47,73107,2878],{"id":2877},[20,73109,21239,73110,1314],{},[15,73111,55352],{},[164,73113,73114,73117,73122,73129,73138],{},[167,73115,73116],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[167,73118,8485,73119,73121],{},[15,73120,55352],{}," to delete all matching values",[167,73123,12621,73124,73126,73127],{},[15,73125,55352],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73128,3820],{},[167,73130,8449,73131,44649,73133,31,73135,73137],{},[15,73132,55352],{},[15,73134,12789],{},[15,73136,27051],{}," would be a better fit",[167,73139,73140],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73142,71332],{},[52,73144,73146],{"className":54,"code":73145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73147,73148,73158,73172,73190,73204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73149,73150,73152,73154,73156],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73151,90],{"class":89},[61,73153,94],{"class":93},[61,73155,8371],{"class":102},[61,73157,258],{"class":93},[61,73159,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,73161,90],{"class":89},[61,73163,94],{"class":93},[61,73165,68],{"class":102},[61,73167,3924],{"class":672},[61,73169,8427],{"class":102},[61,73171,258],{"class":93},[61,73173,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,73175,90],{"class":89},[61,73177,94],{"class":93},[61,73179,8371],{"class":102},[61,73181,229],{"class":93},[61,73183,952],{"class":102},[61,73185,94],{"class":93},[61,73187,103],{"class":102},[61,73189,342],{"class":93},[61,73191,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,73193,90],{"class":89},[61,73195,94],{"class":93},[61,73197,657],{"class":109},[61,73199,94],{"class":93},[61,73201,8371],{"class":102},[61,73203,342],{"class":93},[61,73205,73206,73208,73210,73212,73214,73216],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,73207,32181],{"class":89},[61,73209,94],{"class":93},[61,73211,192],{"class":109},[61,73213,229],{"class":93},[61,73215,34823],{"class":24778},[61,73217,258],{"class":93},[20,73219,73220],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[164,73222,73223,73226,73229,73232],{},[167,73224,73225],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[167,73227,73228],{},"How many times does it appear?",[167,73230,73231],{},"Am I working with a list?",[167,73233,73234],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73236,73237,73238,73240],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[221,73239,71496],{"href":58789}," may also help.",[47,73242,1879],{"id":1878},[260,73244,73246],{"id":73245},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73248,73249],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[260,73251,73253],{"id":73252},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73255,1889,73256,73258],{},[15,73257,3820],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[260,73260,73262],{"id":73261},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73264,73265,73266,73269,73270,229],{},"Check with ",[15,73267,73268],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73271,55352],{},[260,73273,73275],{"id":73274},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73277,143,73278,73280,73281,73283],{},[15,73279,55352],{}," for a value and ",[15,73282,12789],{}," for an index.",[47,73285,1938],{"id":1937},[164,73287,73288,73292,73296,73300,73304],{},[167,73289,73290],{},[221,73291,55338],{"href":54890},[167,73293,73294],{},[221,73295,72969],{"href":54902},[167,73297,73298],{},[221,73299,71496],{"href":58789},[167,73301,73302],{},[221,73303,65665],{"href":72704},[167,73305,73306],{},[221,73307,73309],{"href":73308},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1969,73311,73312],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":73314},[73315,73316,73317,73318,73319,73320,73321,73322,73323,73324,73330],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":71641,"depth":79,"text":71642},{"id":5467,"depth":79,"text":5468},{"id":5824,"depth":79,"text":5825},{"id":72094,"depth":79,"text":72095},{"id":65455,"depth":79,"text":65456},{"id":72707,"depth":79,"text":72708},{"id":72972,"depth":79,"text":72973},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":73325},[73326,73327,73328,73329],{"id":73245,"depth":86,"text":73246},{"id":73252,"depth":86,"text":73253},{"id":73261,"depth":86,"text":73262},{"id":73274,"depth":86,"text":73275},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71544,"description":73331},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73338,"title":73339,"body":73340,"description":75231,"extension":2017,"meta":75232,"navigation":82,"path":75233,"seo":75234,"stem":75235,"__hash__":75236},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73341,"toc":75201},[73342,73348,73354,73357,73368,73370,73419,73424,73429,73433,73448,73450,73515,73517,73558,73560,73562,73577,73579,73590,73592,73649,73651,73684,73686,73689,73738,73740,73765,73767,73783,73789,73796,73857,73859,73892,73897,73900,73980,73982,74043,74049,74053,74056,74120,74122,74147,74149,74169,74171,74220,74222,74243,74252,74255,74259,74264,74309,74311,74332,74338,74343,74351,74415,74417,74454,74460,74464,74471,74536,74538,74575,74579,74596,74606,74611,74616,74627,74634,74636,74642,74665,74668,74695,74700,74703,74804,74806,74861,74864,74971,74973,75044,75047,75073,75075,75080,75084,75092,75097,75102,75108,75113,75117,75120,75137,75140,75160,75168,75170,75198],[10,73343,54165,73345,11352],{"id":73344},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73346,73347],{},"reverse()",[20,73349,73350,73353],{},[15,73351,73352],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73355,73356],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73358,73359,73360,73362,73363,73367],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73361,73347],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[221,73364,73366],{"href":73365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[47,73369,50],{"id":49},[52,73371,73373],{"className":54,"code":73372,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73374,73375,73395,73406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73376,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73378,3661],{"class":67},[61,73380,72],{"class":71},[61,73382,1088],{"class":93},[61,73384,3035],{"class":75},[61,73386,106],{"class":93},[61,73388,3040],{"class":75},[61,73390,106],{"class":93},[61,73392,1020],{"class":75},[61,73394,1115],{"class":93},[61,73396,73397,73399,73401,73404],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,73398,3691],{"class":67},[61,73400,229],{"class":93},[61,73402,73403],{"class":102},"reverse",[61,73405,8676],{"class":93},[61,73407,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,73409,90],{"class":89},[61,73411,94],{"class":93},[61,73413,3691],{"class":102},[61,73415,664],{"class":93},[61,73417,73418],{"class":116},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73420,73421,73423],{},[15,73422,73347],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[47,73425,151,73427,154],{"id":73426},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73428,73352],{},[20,73430,73431,1314],{},[15,73432,73352],{},[164,73434,73435,73438,73441,73445],{},[167,73436,73437],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[167,73439,73440],{},"Changes the original list directly",[167,73442,172,73443],{},[15,73444,3820],{},[167,73446,73447],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73449,295],{},[52,73451,73453],{"className":54,"code":73452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73454,73455,73495,73505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73456,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73458,36117],{"class":67},[61,73460,72],{"class":71},[61,73462,1088],{"class":93},[61,73464,1010],{"class":310},[61,73466,221],{"class":314},[61,73468,1010],{"class":310},[61,73470,106],{"class":93},[61,73472,311],{"class":310},[61,73474,1101],{"class":314},[61,73476,1010],{"class":310},[61,73478,106],{"class":93},[61,73480,311],{"class":310},[61,73482,1110],{"class":314},[61,73484,1010],{"class":310},[61,73486,106],{"class":93},[61,73488,311],{"class":310},[61,73490,18795],{"class":314},[61,73492,1010],{"class":310},[61,73494,1115],{"class":93},[61,73496,73497,73499,73501,73503],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,73498,36170],{"class":67},[61,73500,229],{"class":93},[61,73502,73403],{"class":102},[61,73504,8676],{"class":93},[61,73506,73507,73509,73511,73513],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,73508,90],{"class":89},[61,73510,94],{"class":93},[61,73512,36170],{"class":102},[61,73514,258],{"class":93},[20,73516,345],{},[52,73518,73520],{"className":54,"code":73519,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73521,73522],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73523,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554,73556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73525,1356],{"class":93},[61,73527,3348],{"class":310},[61,73529,18795],{"class":314},[61,73531,3348],{"class":310},[61,73533,106],{"class":93},[61,73535,3343],{"class":310},[61,73537,1110],{"class":314},[61,73539,3348],{"class":310},[61,73541,106],{"class":93},[61,73543,3343],{"class":310},[61,73545,1101],{"class":314},[61,73547,3348],{"class":310},[61,73549,106],{"class":93},[61,73551,3343],{"class":310},[61,73553,221],{"class":314},[61,73555,3348],{"class":310},[61,73557,1115],{"class":93},[47,73559,233],{"id":232},[20,73561,236],{},[52,73563,73565],{"className":54,"code":73564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73566,73567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73568,73569,73571,73573,73575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73570,8371],{"class":67},[61,73572,229],{"class":93},[61,73574,73403],{"class":102},[61,73576,8676],{"class":93},[20,73578,13078],{},[164,73580,73581,73584,73587],{},[167,73582,73583],{},"No arguments are needed",[167,73585,73586],{},"You call it on an existing list",[167,73588,73589],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73591,295],{},[52,73593,73595],{"className":54,"code":73594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73596,73597,73629,73639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73598,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73600,13102],{"class":67},[61,73602,72],{"class":71},[61,73604,1088],{"class":93},[61,73606,1010],{"class":310},[61,73608,13119],{"class":314},[61,73610,1010],{"class":310},[61,73612,106],{"class":93},[61,73614,311],{"class":310},[61,73616,17482],{"class":314},[61,73618,1010],{"class":310},[61,73620,106],{"class":93},[61,73622,311],{"class":310},[61,73624,13136],{"class":314},[61,73626,1010],{"class":310},[61,73628,1115],{"class":93},[61,73630,73631,73633,73635,73637],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,73632,17529],{"class":67},[61,73634,229],{"class":93},[61,73636,73403],{"class":102},[61,73638,8676],{"class":93},[61,73640,73641,73643,73645,73647],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,73642,90],{"class":89},[61,73644,94],{"class":93},[61,73646,17529],{"class":102},[61,73648,258],{"class":93},[20,73650,345],{},[52,73652,73654],{"className":54,"code":73653,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73655,73656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73657,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73659,1356],{"class":93},[61,73661,3348],{"class":310},[61,73663,13136],{"class":314},[61,73665,3348],{"class":310},[61,73667,106],{"class":93},[61,73669,3343],{"class":310},[61,73671,17482],{"class":314},[61,73673,3348],{"class":310},[61,73675,106],{"class":93},[61,73677,3343],{"class":310},[61,73679,13119],{"class":314},[61,73681,3348],{"class":310},[61,73683,1115],{"class":93},[47,73685,359],{"id":358},[20,73687,73688],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[52,73690,73692],{"className":54,"code":73691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73693,73694,73718,73728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73695,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73697,3661],{"class":67},[61,73699,72],{"class":71},[61,73701,1088],{"class":93},[61,73703,2379],{"class":75},[61,73705,106],{"class":93},[61,73707,7825],{"class":75},[61,73709,106],{"class":93},[61,73711,7830],{"class":75},[61,73713,106],{"class":93},[61,73715,50665],{"class":75},[61,73717,1115],{"class":93},[61,73719,73720,73722,73724,73726],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,73721,3691],{"class":67},[61,73723,229],{"class":93},[61,73725,73403],{"class":102},[61,73727,8676],{"class":93},[61,73729,73730,73732,73734,73736],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,73731,90],{"class":89},[61,73733,94],{"class":93},[61,73735,3691],{"class":102},[61,73737,258],{"class":93},[20,73739,345],{},[52,73741,73743],{"className":54,"code":73742,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73744,73745],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73746,73747,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73748,1356],{"class":93},[61,73750,56516],{"class":75},[61,73752,106],{"class":93},[61,73754,7830],{"class":75},[61,73756,106],{"class":93},[61,73758,7825],{"class":75},[61,73760,106],{"class":93},[61,73762,6043],{"class":75},[61,73764,1115],{"class":93},[20,73766,11710],{},[164,73768,73769,73775,73780],{},[167,73770,73771,73772],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73773,73774],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[167,73776,73777,73779],{},[15,73778,73347],{}," flips the order",[167,73781,73782],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[47,73784,73786,73788],{"id":73785},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73787,73347],{}," changes the original list",[20,73790,73791,73792,73795],{},"This method is ",[3784,73793,73794],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[52,73797,73799],{"className":54,"code":73798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73800,73801,73833,73843,73847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73802,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73804,36266],{"class":67},[61,73806,72],{"class":71},[61,73808,1088],{"class":93},[61,73810,1010],{"class":310},[61,73812,4118],{"class":314},[61,73814,1010],{"class":310},[61,73816,106],{"class":93},[61,73818,311],{"class":310},[61,73820,4127],{"class":314},[61,73822,1010],{"class":310},[61,73824,106],{"class":93},[61,73826,311],{"class":310},[61,73828,4136],{"class":314},[61,73830,1010],{"class":310},[61,73832,1115],{"class":93},[61,73834,73835,73837,73839,73841],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,73836,36318],{"class":67},[61,73838,229],{"class":93},[61,73840,73403],{"class":102},[61,73842,8676],{"class":93},[61,73844,73845],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,73846,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,73848,73849,73851,73853,73855],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,73850,90],{"class":89},[61,73852,94],{"class":93},[61,73854,36318],{"class":102},[61,73856,258],{"class":93},[20,73858,345],{},[52,73860,73862],{"className":54,"code":73861,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73863,73864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73865,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73867,1356],{"class":93},[61,73869,3348],{"class":310},[61,73871,4136],{"class":314},[61,73873,3348],{"class":310},[61,73875,106],{"class":93},[61,73877,3343],{"class":310},[61,73879,4127],{"class":314},[61,73881,3348],{"class":310},[61,73883,106],{"class":93},[61,73885,3343],{"class":310},[61,73887,4118],{"class":314},[61,73889,3348],{"class":310},[61,73891,1115],{"class":93},[20,73893,143,73894,73896],{},[15,73895,73347],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73898,73899],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[52,73901,73903],{"className":54,"code":73902,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73904,73905,73937,73955,73959,73969],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73906,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73908,36266],{"class":67},[61,73910,72],{"class":71},[61,73912,1088],{"class":93},[61,73914,1010],{"class":310},[61,73916,4118],{"class":314},[61,73918,1010],{"class":310},[61,73920,106],{"class":93},[61,73922,311],{"class":310},[61,73924,4127],{"class":314},[61,73926,1010],{"class":310},[61,73928,106],{"class":93},[61,73930,311],{"class":310},[61,73932,4136],{"class":314},[61,73934,1010],{"class":310},[61,73936,1115],{"class":93},[61,73938,73939,73942,73944,73946,73949,73951,73953],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,73940,73941],{"class":67},"reversed_fruits ",[61,73943,72],{"class":71},[61,73945,52674],{"class":67},[61,73947,73948],{"class":93},"[::",[61,73950,2078],{"class":71},[61,73952,3035],{"class":75},[61,73954,1115],{"class":93},[61,73956,73957],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,73958,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,73960,73961,73963,73965,73967],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,73962,90],{"class":89},[61,73964,94],{"class":93},[61,73966,36318],{"class":102},[61,73968,258],{"class":93},[61,73970,73971,73973,73975,73978],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,73972,90],{"class":89},[61,73974,94],{"class":93},[61,73976,73977],{"class":102},"reversed_fruits",[61,73979,258],{"class":93},[20,73981,345],{},[52,73983,73985],{"className":54,"code":73984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73986,73987,74015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73988,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73990,1356],{"class":93},[61,73992,3348],{"class":310},[61,73994,4118],{"class":314},[61,73996,3348],{"class":310},[61,73998,106],{"class":93},[61,74000,3343],{"class":310},[61,74002,4127],{"class":314},[61,74004,3348],{"class":310},[61,74006,106],{"class":93},[61,74008,3343],{"class":310},[61,74010,4136],{"class":314},[61,74012,3348],{"class":310},[61,74014,1115],{"class":93},[61,74016,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74018,1356],{"class":93},[61,74020,3348],{"class":310},[61,74022,4136],{"class":314},[61,74024,3348],{"class":310},[61,74026,106],{"class":93},[61,74028,3343],{"class":310},[61,74030,4127],{"class":314},[61,74032,3348],{"class":310},[61,74034,106],{"class":93},[61,74036,3343],{"class":310},[61,74038,4118],{"class":314},[61,74040,3348],{"class":310},[61,74042,1115],{"class":93},[20,74044,74045,74046,229],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[221,74047,74048],{"href":73365},"Python list slicing explained",[47,74050,74052],{"id":74051},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74054,74055],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[52,74057,74059],{"className":54,"code":74058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74060,74061,74081,74095,74099,74110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74062,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74064,3661],{"class":67},[61,74066,72],{"class":71},[61,74068,1088],{"class":93},[61,74070,3035],{"class":75},[61,74072,106],{"class":93},[61,74074,3040],{"class":75},[61,74076,106],{"class":93},[61,74078,1020],{"class":75},[61,74080,1115],{"class":93},[61,74082,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091,74093],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74084,55713],{"class":67},[61,74086,72],{"class":71},[61,74088,4303],{"class":67},[61,74090,229],{"class":93},[61,74092,73403],{"class":102},[61,74094,8676],{"class":93},[61,74096,74097],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,74098,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74100,74101,74103,74105,74108],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,74102,90],{"class":89},[61,74104,94],{"class":93},[61,74106,74107],{"class":102},"new_list",[61,74109,258],{"class":93},[61,74111,74112,74114,74116,74118],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,74113,90],{"class":89},[61,74115,94],{"class":93},[61,74117,3691],{"class":102},[61,74119,258],{"class":93},[20,74121,345],{},[52,74123,74125],{"className":54,"code":74124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74126,74127,74131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74128,74129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74130,11835],{"class":355},[61,74132,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74134,1356],{"class":93},[61,74136,1046],{"class":75},[61,74138,106],{"class":93},[61,74140,3040],{"class":75},[61,74142,106],{"class":93},[61,74144,5535],{"class":75},[61,74146,1115],{"class":93},[20,74148,11927],{},[164,74150,74151,74159,74163],{},[167,74152,74153,74155,74156,74158],{},[15,74154,73347],{}," changes ",[15,74157,3691],{}," directly",[167,74160,40931,74161,71665],{},[3784,74162,4670],{},[167,74164,53476,74165,42178,74167],{},[15,74166,74107],{},[15,74168,3820],{},[20,74170,61723],{},[52,74172,74174],{"className":54,"code":74173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74175,74176,74196,74206,74210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74177,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74179,3661],{"class":67},[61,74181,72],{"class":71},[61,74183,1088],{"class":93},[61,74185,3035],{"class":75},[61,74187,106],{"class":93},[61,74189,3040],{"class":75},[61,74191,106],{"class":93},[61,74193,1020],{"class":75},[61,74195,1115],{"class":93},[61,74197,74198,74200,74202,74204],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74199,3691],{"class":67},[61,74201,229],{"class":93},[61,74203,73403],{"class":102},[61,74205,8676],{"class":93},[61,74207,74208],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,74209,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74211,74212,74214,74216,74218],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,74213,90],{"class":89},[61,74215,94],{"class":93},[61,74217,3691],{"class":102},[61,74219,258],{"class":93},[20,74221,345],{},[52,74223,74225],{"className":54,"code":74224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74226,74227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74228,74229,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74230,1356],{"class":93},[61,74232,1046],{"class":75},[61,74234,106],{"class":93},[61,74236,3040],{"class":75},[61,74238,106],{"class":93},[61,74240,5535],{"class":75},[61,74242,1115],{"class":93},[47,74244,74246,741,74248,74251],{"id":74245},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74247,73347],{},[15,74249,74250],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74253,74254],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[260,74256,74257],{"id":73403},[15,74258,73347],{},[20,74260,74261,74263],{},[15,74262,73347],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[52,74265,74267],{"className":54,"code":74266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74268,74269,74289,74299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74270,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74272,3661],{"class":67},[61,74274,72],{"class":71},[61,74276,1088],{"class":93},[61,74278,1046],{"class":75},[61,74280,106],{"class":93},[61,74282,5535],{"class":75},[61,74284,106],{"class":93},[61,74286,3040],{"class":75},[61,74288,1115],{"class":93},[61,74290,74291,74293,74295,74297],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74292,3691],{"class":67},[61,74294,229],{"class":93},[61,74296,73403],{"class":102},[61,74298,8676],{"class":93},[61,74300,74301,74303,74305,74307],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,74302,90],{"class":89},[61,74304,94],{"class":93},[61,74306,3691],{"class":102},[61,74308,258],{"class":93},[20,74310,345],{},[52,74312,74314],{"className":54,"code":74313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74315,74316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74317,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74319,1356],{"class":93},[61,74321,2113],{"class":75},[61,74323,106],{"class":93},[61,74325,5535],{"class":75},[61,74327,106],{"class":93},[61,74329,1020],{"class":75},[61,74331,1115],{"class":93},[20,74333,74334,74335,74337],{},"Notice that this is ",[3784,74336,4670],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[260,74339,74341],{"id":74340},"sorted",[15,74342,74250],{},[20,74344,74345,74350],{},[221,74346,74348],{"href":74347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74349,74250],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[52,74352,74354],{"className":54,"code":74353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74355,74356,74376,74391,74395,74405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74357,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74359,3661],{"class":67},[61,74361,72],{"class":71},[61,74363,1088],{"class":93},[61,74365,1046],{"class":75},[61,74367,106],{"class":93},[61,74369,5535],{"class":75},[61,74371,106],{"class":93},[61,74373,3040],{"class":75},[61,74375,1115],{"class":93},[61,74377,74378,74380,74382,74385,74387,74389],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74379,1593],{"class":67},[61,74381,72],{"class":71},[61,74383,74384],{"class":89}," sorted",[61,74386,94],{"class":93},[61,74388,3691],{"class":102},[61,74390,258],{"class":93},[61,74392,74393],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,74394,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74396,74397,74399,74401,74403],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,74398,90],{"class":89},[61,74400,94],{"class":93},[61,74402,3691],{"class":102},[61,74404,258],{"class":93},[61,74406,74407,74409,74411,74413],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,74408,90],{"class":89},[61,74410,94],{"class":93},[61,74412,1620],{"class":102},[61,74414,258],{"class":93},[20,74416,345],{},[52,74418,74420],{"className":54,"code":74419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74421,74422,74438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74423,74424,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434,74436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74425,1356],{"class":93},[61,74427,1046],{"class":75},[61,74429,106],{"class":93},[61,74431,5535],{"class":75},[61,74433,106],{"class":93},[61,74435,3040],{"class":75},[61,74437,1115],{"class":93},[61,74439,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448,74450,74452],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74441,1356],{"class":93},[61,74443,3035],{"class":75},[61,74445,106],{"class":93},[61,74447,3040],{"class":75},[61,74449,106],{"class":93},[61,74451,1020],{"class":75},[61,74453,1115],{"class":93},[20,74455,74456,74457,229],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74458,74459],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[260,74461,74463],{"id":74462},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74465,74466,74467,74470],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74468,74469],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[52,74472,74474],{"className":54,"code":74473,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74475,74476,74496,74512,74516,74526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74477,74478,74480,74482,74484,74486,74488,74490,74492,74494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74479,3661],{"class":67},[61,74481,72],{"class":71},[61,74483,1088],{"class":93},[61,74485,1046],{"class":75},[61,74487,106],{"class":93},[61,74489,5535],{"class":75},[61,74491,106],{"class":93},[61,74493,3040],{"class":75},[61,74495,1115],{"class":93},[61,74497,74498,74500,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74499,1593],{"class":67},[61,74501,72],{"class":71},[61,74503,4303],{"class":67},[61,74505,73948],{"class":93},[61,74507,2078],{"class":71},[61,74509,3035],{"class":75},[61,74511,1115],{"class":93},[61,74513,74514],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,74515,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74517,74518,74520,74522,74524],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,74519,90],{"class":89},[61,74521,94],{"class":93},[61,74523,3691],{"class":102},[61,74525,258],{"class":93},[61,74527,74528,74530,74532,74534],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,74529,90],{"class":89},[61,74531,94],{"class":93},[61,74533,1620],{"class":102},[61,74535,258],{"class":93},[20,74537,345],{},[52,74539,74541],{"className":54,"code":74540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74542,74543,74559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74544,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74546,1356],{"class":93},[61,74548,1046],{"class":75},[61,74550,106],{"class":93},[61,74552,5535],{"class":75},[61,74554,106],{"class":93},[61,74556,3040],{"class":75},[61,74558,1115],{"class":93},[61,74560,74561,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74562,1356],{"class":93},[61,74564,2113],{"class":75},[61,74566,106],{"class":93},[61,74568,5535],{"class":75},[61,74570,106],{"class":93},[61,74572,1020],{"class":75},[61,74574,1115],{"class":93},[260,74576,74578],{"id":74577},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[164,74580,74581,74586,74591],{},[167,74582,143,74583,74585],{},[15,74584,73347],{}," when you want to change the original list",[167,74587,143,74588,74590],{},[15,74589,74469],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[167,74592,143,74593,74595],{},[15,74594,74250],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74597,74598,74599,74605],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[221,74600,74602,74603,10770],{"href":74601},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74604,64137],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[47,74607,5001,74609],{"id":74608},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74610,73347],{},[20,74612,74613,74615],{},[15,74614,73347],{}," is a good choice:",[164,74617,74618,74621,74624],{},[167,74619,74620],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[167,74622,74623],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[167,74625,74626],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74628,74629,74630,229],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[221,74631,74633],{"href":74632},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[47,74635,2878],{"id":2877},[20,74637,74638,74639,74641],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74640,73347],{}," for these reasons:",[164,74643,74644,74648,74653,74658],{},[167,74645,12621,74646,12624],{},[15,74647,73347],{},[167,74649,8485,74650,74652],{},[15,74651,73347],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[167,74654,8449,74655,74657],{},[15,74656,73347],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[167,74659,37232,74660,8738,74662],{},[15,74661,73347],{},[15,74663,74664],{},"reversed()",[20,74666,74667],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[52,74669,74671],{"className":54,"code":74670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74672,74673,74685],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74674,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74676,450],{"class":67},[61,74678,72],{"class":71},[61,74680,311],{"class":310},[61,74682,457],{"class":314},[61,74684,318],{"class":310},[61,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74688,476],{"class":67},[61,74690,229],{"class":93},[61,74692,73403],{"class":102},[61,74694,8676],{"class":93},[20,74696,74697,74698,33630],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74699,73347],{},[20,74701,74702],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[52,74704,74706],{"className":54,"code":74705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74707,74708,74728,74732,74742,74756,74760,74774,74784,74788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74709,74710,74712,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74711,8340],{"class":67},[61,74713,72],{"class":71},[61,74715,1088],{"class":93},[61,74717,3035],{"class":75},[61,74719,106],{"class":93},[61,74721,3040],{"class":75},[61,74723,106],{"class":93},[61,74725,1020],{"class":75},[61,74727,1115],{"class":93},[61,74729,74730],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74731,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74733,74734,74736,74738,74740],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,74735,90],{"class":89},[61,74737,94],{"class":93},[61,74739,8371],{"class":102},[61,74741,258],{"class":93},[61,74743,74744,74746,74748,74750,74752,74754],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,74745,90],{"class":89},[61,74747,94],{"class":93},[61,74749,657],{"class":109},[61,74751,94],{"class":93},[61,74753,8371],{"class":102},[61,74755,342],{"class":93},[61,74757,74758],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,74759,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74761,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770,74772],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,74763,1593],{"class":67},[61,74765,72],{"class":71},[61,74767,8427],{"class":67},[61,74769,229],{"class":93},[61,74771,73403],{"class":102},[61,74773,8676],{"class":93},[61,74775,74776,74778,74780,74782],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,74777,90],{"class":89},[61,74779,94],{"class":93},[61,74781,1620],{"class":102},[61,74783,258],{"class":93},[61,74785,74786],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,74787,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74789,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,74791,90],{"class":89},[61,74793,94],{"class":93},[61,74795,8371],{"class":102},[61,74797,73948],{"class":93},[61,74799,2078],{"class":71},[61,74801,3035],{"class":75},[61,74803,1365],{"class":93},[20,74805,345],{},[52,74807,74809],{"className":54,"code":74808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74810,74811,74827,74841,74845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74812,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74814,1356],{"class":93},[61,74816,3035],{"class":75},[61,74818,106],{"class":93},[61,74820,3040],{"class":75},[61,74822,106],{"class":93},[61,74824,1020],{"class":75},[61,74826,1115],{"class":93},[61,74828,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74830,3337],{"class":71},[61,74832,3340],{"class":882},[61,74834,3343],{"class":310},[61,74836,192],{"class":314},[61,74838,3348],{"class":310},[61,74840,3351],{"class":71},[61,74842,74843],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,74844,11835],{"class":355},[61,74846,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855,74857,74859],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,74848,1356],{"class":93},[61,74850,3035],{"class":75},[61,74852,106],{"class":93},[61,74854,3040],{"class":75},[61,74856,106],{"class":93},[61,74858,5535],{"class":75},[61,74860,1115],{"class":93},[20,74862,74863],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[52,74865,74867],{"className":54,"code":74866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74868,74869,74889,74893,74903,74917,74921,74935,74945,74955],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74870,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74872,8340],{"class":67},[61,74874,72],{"class":71},[61,74876,1088],{"class":93},[61,74878,3035],{"class":75},[61,74880,106],{"class":93},[61,74882,3040],{"class":75},[61,74884,106],{"class":93},[61,74886,1020],{"class":75},[61,74888,1115],{"class":93},[61,74890,74891],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74892,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74894,74895,74897,74899,74901],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,74896,90],{"class":89},[61,74898,94],{"class":93},[61,74900,8371],{"class":102},[61,74902,258],{"class":93},[61,74904,74905,74907,74909,74911,74913,74915],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,74906,90],{"class":89},[61,74908,94],{"class":93},[61,74910,657],{"class":109},[61,74912,94],{"class":93},[61,74914,8371],{"class":102},[61,74916,342],{"class":93},[61,74918,74919],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,74920,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,74922,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931,74933],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,74924,1593],{"class":67},[61,74926,72],{"class":71},[61,74928,8427],{"class":67},[61,74930,229],{"class":93},[61,74932,73403],{"class":102},[61,74934,8676],{"class":93},[61,74936,74937,74939,74941,74943],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,74938,90],{"class":89},[61,74940,94],{"class":93},[61,74942,1620],{"class":102},[61,74944,258],{"class":93},[61,74946,74947,74949,74951,74953],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,74948,90],{"class":89},[61,74950,94],{"class":93},[61,74952,8371],{"class":102},[61,74954,258],{"class":93},[61,74956,74957,74959,74961,74963,74965,74967,74969],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,74958,90],{"class":89},[61,74960,94],{"class":93},[61,74962,8371],{"class":102},[61,74964,73948],{"class":93},[61,74966,2078],{"class":71},[61,74968,3035],{"class":75},[61,74970,1365],{"class":93},[20,74972,345],{},[52,74974,74976],{"className":54,"code":74975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74977,74978,74994,75008,75012,75028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74979,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74981,1356],{"class":93},[61,74983,3035],{"class":75},[61,74985,106],{"class":93},[61,74987,3040],{"class":75},[61,74989,106],{"class":93},[61,74991,1020],{"class":75},[61,74993,1115],{"class":93},[61,74995,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,74997,3337],{"class":71},[61,74999,3340],{"class":882},[61,75001,3343],{"class":310},[61,75003,192],{"class":314},[61,75005,3348],{"class":310},[61,75007,3351],{"class":71},[61,75009,75010],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,75011,11835],{"class":355},[61,75013,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022,75024,75026],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,75015,1356],{"class":93},[61,75017,1046],{"class":75},[61,75019,106],{"class":93},[61,75021,3040],{"class":75},[61,75023,106],{"class":93},[61,75025,5535],{"class":75},[61,75027,1115],{"class":93},[61,75029,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040,75042],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,75031,1356],{"class":93},[61,75033,3035],{"class":75},[61,75035,106],{"class":93},[61,75037,3040],{"class":75},[61,75039,106],{"class":93},[61,75041,1020],{"class":75},[61,75043,1115],{"class":93},[20,75045,75046],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[164,75048,75049,75058,75067],{},[167,75050,27822,75051,75054,75055],{},[15,75052,75053],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75056,75057],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[167,75059,11943,75060,75063,75064,605],{},[15,75061,75062],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3784,75065,75066],{},"current",[167,75068,75069,75070],{},"So it prints ",[15,75071,75072],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[47,75074,1879],{"id":1878},[260,75076,1928,75078,55292],{"id":75077},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75079,73352],{},[20,75081,62428,75082,229],{},[15,75083,3820],{},[260,75085,34235,75087,34238,75089,1916],{"id":75086},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75088,73347],{},[15,75090,75091],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75093,75094,75096],{},[15,75095,73347],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75098,75099,75101],{},[15,75100,75091],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[260,75103,28355,75105,75107],{"id":75104},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75106,73347],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75109,46380,75110,75112],{},[15,75111,73347],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[260,75114,75116],{"id":75115},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75118,75119],{},"Use slicing:",[52,75121,75123],{"className":54,"code":75122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75124,75125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75126,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75128,8371],{"class":67},[61,75130,73948],{"class":93},[61,75132,2078],{"class":71},[61,75134,3035],{"class":75},[61,75136,1115],{"class":93},[20,75138,75139],{},"Or use:",[52,75141,75143],{"className":54,"code":75142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75144,75145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75146,75147,75149,75151,75154,75156,75158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75148,192],{"class":109},[61,75150,94],{"class":93},[61,75152,75153],{"class":89},"reversed",[61,75155,94],{"class":93},[61,75157,8371],{"class":102},[61,75159,342],{"class":93},[20,75161,75162,75163,75167],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[221,75164,55343,75165],{"href":54783},[15,75166,12803],{}," can also help.",[47,75169,1938],{"id":1937},[164,75171,75172,75178,75184,75188,75192],{},[167,75173,75174],{},[221,75175,55343,75176,10770],{"href":74601},[15,75177,64137],{},[167,75179,75180],{},[221,75181,13,75182,1947],{"href":74347},[15,75183,74250],{},[167,75185,75186],{},[221,75187,74633],{"href":74632},[167,75189,75190],{},[221,75191,74048],{"href":73365},[167,75193,75194],{},[221,75195,55343,75196,10770],{"href":54783},[15,75197,12803],{},[1969,75199,75200],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":75202},[75203,75204,75206,75207,75208,75210,75211,75218,75220,75221,75230],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":73426,"depth":79,"text":75205},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":73785,"depth":79,"text":75209},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74051,"depth":79,"text":74052},{"id":74245,"depth":79,"text":75212,"children":75213},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75214,75215,75216,75217],{"id":73403,"depth":86,"text":73347},{"id":74340,"depth":86,"text":74250},{"id":74462,"depth":86,"text":74463},{"id":74577,"depth":86,"text":74578},{"id":74608,"depth":79,"text":75219},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":75222},[75223,75225,75227,75229],{"id":75077,"depth":86,"text":75224},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75086,"depth":86,"text":75226},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75104,"depth":86,"text":75228},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75115,"depth":86,"text":75116},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73339,"description":75231},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75238,"title":75239,"body":75240,"description":77673,"extension":2017,"meta":77674,"navigation":82,"path":77675,"seo":77676,"stem":77677,"__hash__":77678},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75241,"toc":77641},[75242,75245,75257,75260,75283,75291,75293,75405,75414,75418,75421,75424,75511,75513,75546,75548,75571,75577,75581,75584,75606,75608,75625,75628,75648,75650,75760,75762,75839,75843,75846,75889,75891,76024,76026,76128,76133,76137,76140,76142,76156,76159,76273,76275,76349,76351,76379,76383,76388,76418,76421,76547,76549,76631,76637,76641,76643,76682,76691,76695,76698,76702,76749,76751,76759,76763,76814,76816,76829,76831,76845,76848,76856,76858,76905,76907,76915,76918,76961,76966,76969,76972,76995,76999,77050,77053,77074,77084,77088,77090,77120,77123,77146,77150,77153,77220,77222,77259,77262,77270,77337,77339,77376,77382,77389,77393,77396,77426,77431,77435,77438,77462,77465,77559,77569,77571,77575,77578,77582,77585,77590,77593,77599,77602,77604,77632,77638],[10,75243,75239],{"id":75244},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75246,75247,75248,186,75250,196,75253,75256],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75249,36099],{},[15,75251,75252],{},"stop",[15,75254,75255],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75258,75259],{},"The basic slice form is:",[52,75261,75263],{"className":54,"code":75262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75264,75265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75266,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75268,8371],{"class":67},[61,75270,1356],{"class":93},[61,75272,36099],{"class":67},[61,75274,1314],{"class":93},[61,75276,75252],{"class":67},[61,75278,1314],{"class":93},[61,75280,75255],{"class":67},[61,75282,1115],{"class":93},[20,75284,75285,75286,75288,75289,229],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75287,75252],{}," position is ",[3784,75290,64895],{},[47,75292,2059],{"id":2058},[52,75294,75296],{"className":54,"code":75295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75297,75298,75326,75330,75351,75369,75386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75299,75300,75302,75304,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318,75320,75322,75324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75301,3661],{"class":67},[61,75303,72],{"class":71},[61,75305,1088],{"class":93},[61,75307,2379],{"class":75},[61,75309,106],{"class":93},[61,75311,7825],{"class":75},[61,75313,106],{"class":93},[61,75315,7830],{"class":75},[61,75317,106],{"class":93},[61,75319,50665],{"class":75},[61,75321,106],{"class":93},[61,75323,5121],{"class":75},[61,75325,1115],{"class":93},[61,75327,75328],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,75329,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,75331,75332,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,75333,90],{"class":89},[61,75335,94],{"class":93},[61,75337,3691],{"class":102},[61,75339,1356],{"class":93},[61,75341,3035],{"class":75},[61,75343,1314],{"class":93},[61,75345,2552],{"class":75},[61,75347,20473],{"class":93},[61,75349,75350],{"class":116},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[61,75352,75353,75355,75357,75359,75362,75364,75366],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,75354,90],{"class":89},[61,75356,94],{"class":93},[61,75358,3691],{"class":102},[61,75360,75361],{"class":93},"[:",[61,75363,1046],{"class":75},[61,75365,20473],{"class":93},[61,75367,75368],{"class":116},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[61,75370,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,75372,90],{"class":89},[61,75374,94],{"class":93},[61,75376,3691],{"class":102},[61,75378,73948],{"class":93},[61,75380,2113],{"class":75},[61,75382,20473],{"class":93},[61,75384,75385],{"class":116},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[61,75387,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,75389,90],{"class":89},[61,75391,94],{"class":93},[61,75393,3691],{"class":102},[61,75395,73948],{"class":93},[61,75397,2078],{"class":71},[61,75399,3035],{"class":75},[61,75401,20473],{"class":93},[61,75403,75404],{"class":116},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75406,143,75407,75410,75411,75413],{},[15,75408,75409],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75412,75252],{}," value is not included.",[47,75415,75417],{"id":75416},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75419,75420],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75422,75423],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[52,75425,75427],{"className":54,"code":75426,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75428,75429,75477,75481,75500],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75430,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75432,36117],{"class":67},[61,75434,72],{"class":71},[61,75436,1088],{"class":93},[61,75438,1010],{"class":310},[61,75440,221],{"class":314},[61,75442,1010],{"class":310},[61,75444,106],{"class":93},[61,75446,311],{"class":310},[61,75448,1101],{"class":314},[61,75450,1010],{"class":310},[61,75452,106],{"class":93},[61,75454,311],{"class":310},[61,75456,1110],{"class":314},[61,75458,1010],{"class":310},[61,75460,106],{"class":93},[61,75462,311],{"class":310},[61,75464,18795],{"class":314},[61,75466,1010],{"class":310},[61,75468,106],{"class":93},[61,75470,311],{"class":310},[61,75472,60272],{"class":314},[61,75474,1010],{"class":310},[61,75476,1115],{"class":93},[61,75478,75479],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,75480,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,75482,75483,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,75484,75485],{"class":67},"part ",[61,75487,72],{"class":71},[61,75489,69922],{"class":67},[61,75491,1356],{"class":93},[61,75493,3035],{"class":75},[61,75495,1314],{"class":93},[61,75497,2552],{"class":75},[61,75499,1115],{"class":93},[61,75501,75502,75504,75506,75509],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,75503,90],{"class":89},[61,75505,94],{"class":93},[61,75507,75508],{"class":102},"part",[61,75510,258],{"class":93},[20,75512,345],{},[52,75514,75516],{"className":54,"code":75515,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75517,75518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75519,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542,75544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75521,1356],{"class":93},[61,75523,3348],{"class":310},[61,75525,1101],{"class":314},[61,75527,3348],{"class":310},[61,75529,106],{"class":93},[61,75531,3343],{"class":310},[61,75533,1110],{"class":314},[61,75535,3348],{"class":310},[61,75537,106],{"class":93},[61,75539,3343],{"class":310},[61,75541,18795],{"class":314},[61,75543,3348],{"class":310},[61,75545,1115],{"class":93},[20,75547,13078],{},[164,75549,75550,75553,75556,75562,75568],{},[167,75551,75552],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[167,75554,75555],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[167,75557,75558,75559],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75560,75561],{},"list[start:stop]",[167,75563,75564,75565,75567],{},"The item at ",[15,75566,75252],{}," is not included",[167,75569,75570],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75572,75573,75574,229],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[221,75575,75576],{"href":50801},"beginner guide to Python lists",[47,75578,75580],{"id":75579},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75582,75583],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[52,75585,75586],{"className":54,"code":75262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,75587,75588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75589,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75591,8371],{"class":67},[61,75593,1356],{"class":93},[61,75595,36099],{"class":67},[61,75597,1314],{"class":93},[61,75599,75252],{"class":67},[61,75601,1314],{"class":93},[61,75603,75255],{"class":67},[61,75605,1115],{"class":93},[20,75607,64871],{},[164,75609,75610,75615,75620],{},[167,75611,75612,75614],{},[15,75613,36099],{}," is where slicing begins",[167,75616,75617,75619],{},[15,75618,75252],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[167,75621,75622,75624],{},[15,75623,75255],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75626,75627],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[164,75629,75630,75636,75641],{},[167,75631,75632,75633,75635],{},"Missing ",[15,75634,36099],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[167,75637,75632,75638,75640],{},[15,75639,75252],{}," means go to the end of the list",[167,75642,75632,75643,75645,75646],{},[15,75644,75255],{}," means use ",[15,75647,3035],{},[20,75649,295],{},[52,75651,75653],{"className":54,"code":75652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75654,75655,75683,75687,75708,75725,75743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75656,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75658,3661],{"class":67},[61,75660,72],{"class":71},[61,75662,1088],{"class":93},[61,75664,2379],{"class":75},[61,75666,106],{"class":93},[61,75668,7825],{"class":75},[61,75670,106],{"class":93},[61,75672,7830],{"class":75},[61,75674,106],{"class":93},[61,75676,50665],{"class":75},[61,75678,106],{"class":93},[61,75680,5121],{"class":75},[61,75682,1115],{"class":93},[61,75684,75685],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,75686,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,75688,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,75690,90],{"class":89},[61,75692,94],{"class":93},[61,75694,3691],{"class":102},[61,75696,1356],{"class":93},[61,75698,3035],{"class":75},[61,75700,1314],{"class":93},[61,75702,2552],{"class":75},[61,75704,20473],{"class":93},[61,75706,75707],{"class":116},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[61,75709,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,75711,90],{"class":89},[61,75713,94],{"class":93},[61,75715,3691],{"class":102},[61,75717,75361],{"class":93},[61,75719,1046],{"class":75},[61,75721,20473],{"class":93},[61,75723,75724],{"class":116},"    # start from the beginning\n",[61,75726,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75740],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,75728,90],{"class":89},[61,75730,94],{"class":93},[61,75732,3691],{"class":102},[61,75734,1356],{"class":93},[61,75736,2113],{"class":75},[61,75738,75739],{"class":93},":])",[61,75741,75742],{"class":116},"    # go to the end\n",[61,75744,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,75746,90],{"class":89},[61,75748,94],{"class":93},[61,75750,3691],{"class":102},[61,75752,73948],{"class":93},[61,75754,3035],{"class":75},[61,75756,20473],{"class":93},[61,75758,75759],{"class":116},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75761,345],{},[52,75763,75765],{"className":54,"code":75764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75766,75767,75783,75799,75815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75768,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75770,1356],{"class":93},[61,75772,15782],{"class":75},[61,75774,106],{"class":93},[61,75776,7830],{"class":75},[61,75778,106],{"class":93},[61,75780,50665],{"class":75},[61,75782,1115],{"class":93},[61,75784,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,75786,1356],{"class":93},[61,75788,2379],{"class":75},[61,75790,106],{"class":93},[61,75792,7825],{"class":75},[61,75794,106],{"class":93},[61,75796,7830],{"class":75},[61,75798,1115],{"class":93},[61,75800,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,75802,1356],{"class":93},[61,75804,36869],{"class":75},[61,75806,106],{"class":93},[61,75808,50665],{"class":75},[61,75810,106],{"class":93},[61,75812,5121],{"class":75},[61,75814,1115],{"class":93},[61,75816,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,75818,1356],{"class":93},[61,75820,2379],{"class":75},[61,75822,106],{"class":93},[61,75824,7825],{"class":75},[61,75826,106],{"class":93},[61,75828,7830],{"class":75},[61,75830,106],{"class":93},[61,75832,50665],{"class":75},[61,75834,106],{"class":93},[61,75836,5121],{"class":75},[61,75838,1115],{"class":93},[47,75840,75842],{"id":75841},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75844,75845],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[164,75847,75848,75857,75866,75877,75883],{},[167,75849,75850,75853,75854,6004],{},[15,75851,75852],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75855,75856],{},"n",[167,75858,75859,75862,75863,75865],{},[15,75860,75861],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75864,75856],{}," to the end",[167,75867,75868,75871,75872,75874,75875],{},[15,75869,75870],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75873,221],{}," up to ",[15,75876,1101],{},[167,75878,75879,75882],{},[15,75880,75881],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[167,75884,75885,75888],{},[15,75886,75887],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75890,295],{},[52,75892,75894],{"className":54,"code":75893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75895,75896,75929,75933,75950,75967,75988,76005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75897,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75899,3661],{"class":67},[61,75901,72],{"class":71},[61,75903,1088],{"class":93},[61,75905,2379],{"class":75},[61,75907,106],{"class":93},[61,75909,7825],{"class":75},[61,75911,106],{"class":93},[61,75913,7830],{"class":75},[61,75915,106],{"class":93},[61,75917,50665],{"class":75},[61,75919,106],{"class":93},[61,75921,5121],{"class":75},[61,75923,106],{"class":93},[61,75925,75926],{"class":75}," 60",[61,75928,1115],{"class":93},[61,75930,75931],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,75932,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,75936,90],{"class":89},[61,75938,94],{"class":93},[61,75940,3691],{"class":102},[61,75942,75361],{"class":93},[61,75944,1046],{"class":75},[61,75946,20473],{"class":93},[61,75948,75949],{"class":116},"    # first 3 items\n",[61,75951,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,75953,90],{"class":89},[61,75955,94],{"class":93},[61,75957,3691],{"class":102},[61,75959,1356],{"class":93},[61,75961,1046],{"class":75},[61,75963,75739],{"class":93},[61,75965,75966],{"class":116},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[61,75968,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,75970,90],{"class":89},[61,75972,94],{"class":93},[61,75974,3691],{"class":102},[61,75976,1356],{"class":93},[61,75978,3035],{"class":75},[61,75980,1314],{"class":93},[61,75982,2192],{"class":75},[61,75984,20473],{"class":93},[61,75986,75987],{"class":116},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[61,75989,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,75991,90],{"class":89},[61,75993,94],{"class":93},[61,75995,3691],{"class":102},[61,75997,73948],{"class":93},[61,75999,2113],{"class":75},[61,76001,20473],{"class":93},[61,76003,76004],{"class":116},"   # every second item\n",[61,76006,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,76008,90],{"class":89},[61,76010,94],{"class":93},[61,76012,3691],{"class":102},[61,76014,73948],{"class":93},[61,76016,2078],{"class":71},[61,76018,3035],{"class":75},[61,76020,20473],{"class":93},[61,76022,76023],{"class":116},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76025,345],{},[52,76027,76029],{"className":54,"code":76028,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76030,76031,76047,76063,76083,76099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76032,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76034,1356],{"class":93},[61,76036,2379],{"class":75},[61,76038,106],{"class":93},[61,76040,7825],{"class":75},[61,76042,106],{"class":93},[61,76044,7830],{"class":75},[61,76046,1115],{"class":93},[61,76048,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76050,1356],{"class":93},[61,76052,56516],{"class":75},[61,76054,106],{"class":93},[61,76056,5121],{"class":75},[61,76058,106],{"class":93},[61,76060,75926],{"class":75},[61,76062,1115],{"class":93},[61,76064,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76066,1356],{"class":93},[61,76068,15782],{"class":75},[61,76070,106],{"class":93},[61,76072,7830],{"class":75},[61,76074,106],{"class":93},[61,76076,50665],{"class":75},[61,76078,106],{"class":93},[61,76080,5121],{"class":75},[61,76082,1115],{"class":93},[61,76084,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,76086,1356],{"class":93},[61,76088,2379],{"class":75},[61,76090,106],{"class":93},[61,76092,7830],{"class":75},[61,76094,106],{"class":93},[61,76096,5121],{"class":75},[61,76098,1115],{"class":93},[61,76100,76101,76103,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,76102,1356],{"class":93},[61,76104,76105],{"class":75},"60",[61,76107,106],{"class":93},[61,76109,5121],{"class":75},[61,76111,106],{"class":93},[61,76113,50665],{"class":75},[61,76115,106],{"class":93},[61,76117,7830],{"class":75},[61,76119,106],{"class":93},[61,76121,7825],{"class":75},[61,76123,106],{"class":93},[61,76125,6043],{"class":75},[61,76127,1115],{"class":93},[20,76129,76130,76131,229],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[221,76132,14915],{"href":57043},[47,76134,76136],{"id":76135},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76138,76139],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76141,5509],{},[164,76143,76144,76150],{},[167,76145,76146,76149],{},[15,76147,76148],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[167,76151,76152,76155],{},[15,76153,76154],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76157,76158],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[52,76160,76162],{"className":54,"code":76161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76163,76164,76212,76216,76235,76254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76165,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76167,36117],{"class":67},[61,76169,72],{"class":71},[61,76171,1088],{"class":93},[61,76173,1010],{"class":310},[61,76175,221],{"class":314},[61,76177,1010],{"class":310},[61,76179,106],{"class":93},[61,76181,311],{"class":310},[61,76183,1101],{"class":314},[61,76185,1010],{"class":310},[61,76187,106],{"class":93},[61,76189,311],{"class":310},[61,76191,1110],{"class":314},[61,76193,1010],{"class":310},[61,76195,106],{"class":93},[61,76197,311],{"class":310},[61,76199,18795],{"class":314},[61,76201,1010],{"class":310},[61,76203,106],{"class":93},[61,76205,311],{"class":310},[61,76207,60272],{"class":314},[61,76209,1010],{"class":310},[61,76211,1115],{"class":93},[61,76213,76214],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76215,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,76217,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76219,90],{"class":89},[61,76221,94],{"class":93},[61,76223,36170],{"class":102},[61,76225,1356],{"class":93},[61,76227,2078],{"class":71},[61,76229,3035],{"class":75},[61,76231,20473],{"class":93},[61,76233,76234],{"class":116},"    # last item\n",[61,76236,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,76238,90],{"class":89},[61,76240,94],{"class":93},[61,76242,36170],{"class":102},[61,76244,1356],{"class":93},[61,76246,2078],{"class":71},[61,76248,1046],{"class":75},[61,76250,75739],{"class":93},[61,76252,76253],{"class":116},"   # last 3 items\n",[61,76255,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,76257,90],{"class":89},[61,76259,94],{"class":93},[61,76261,36170],{"class":102},[61,76263,75361],{"class":93},[61,76265,2078],{"class":71},[61,76267,3035],{"class":75},[61,76269,20473],{"class":93},[61,76271,76272],{"class":116},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76274,345],{},[52,76276,76278],{"className":54,"code":76277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76279,76280,76285,76313],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76281,76282],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76283,76284],{"class":67},"e\n",[61,76286,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76288,1356],{"class":93},[61,76290,3348],{"class":310},[61,76292,1110],{"class":314},[61,76294,3348],{"class":310},[61,76296,106],{"class":93},[61,76298,3343],{"class":310},[61,76300,18795],{"class":314},[61,76302,3348],{"class":310},[61,76304,106],{"class":93},[61,76306,3343],{"class":310},[61,76308,60272],{"class":314},[61,76310,3348],{"class":310},[61,76312,1115],{"class":93},[61,76314,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76316,1356],{"class":93},[61,76318,3348],{"class":310},[61,76320,221],{"class":314},[61,76322,3348],{"class":310},[61,76324,106],{"class":93},[61,76326,3343],{"class":310},[61,76328,1101],{"class":314},[61,76330,3348],{"class":310},[61,76332,106],{"class":93},[61,76334,3343],{"class":310},[61,76336,1110],{"class":314},[61,76338,3348],{"class":310},[61,76340,106],{"class":93},[61,76342,3343],{"class":310},[61,76344,18795],{"class":314},[61,76346,3348],{"class":310},[61,76348,1115],{"class":93},[20,76350,13078],{},[164,76352,76353,76356,76360,76366,76372],{},[167,76354,76355],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[167,76357,76358,76149],{},[15,76359,76148],{},[167,76361,76362,76365],{},[15,76363,76364],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[167,76367,76368,76371],{},[15,76369,76370],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[167,76373,76374,76375,749,76377],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76376,36099],{},[15,76378,75252],{},[47,76380,76382],{"id":76381},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76384,2034,76385,76387],{},[15,76386,75255],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[164,76389,76390,76393,76396,76401,76411],{},[167,76391,76392],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[167,76394,76395],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[167,76397,76398,76400],{},[15,76399,75887],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[167,76402,8908,76403,76405,76406,76408,76409],{},[15,76404,75255],{}," is negative, ",[15,76407,36099],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76410,75252],{},[167,76412,76413,76415,76416],{},[15,76414,75255],{}," cannot be ",[15,76417,2175],{},[20,76419,76420],{},"Example with different step values:",[52,76422,76424],{"className":54,"code":76423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76425,76426,76458,76462,76479,76501,76520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76427,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76429,3661],{"class":67},[61,76431,72],{"class":71},[61,76433,1088],{"class":93},[61,76435,2379],{"class":75},[61,76437,106],{"class":93},[61,76439,7825],{"class":75},[61,76441,106],{"class":93},[61,76443,7830],{"class":75},[61,76445,106],{"class":93},[61,76447,50665],{"class":75},[61,76449,106],{"class":93},[61,76451,5121],{"class":75},[61,76453,106],{"class":93},[61,76455,75926],{"class":75},[61,76457,1115],{"class":93},[61,76459,76460],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76461,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,76463,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76465,90],{"class":89},[61,76467,94],{"class":93},[61,76469,3691],{"class":102},[61,76471,73948],{"class":93},[61,76473,2113],{"class":75},[61,76475,20473],{"class":93},[61,76477,76478],{"class":116},"     # every second item\n",[61,76480,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76494,76496,76498],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,76482,90],{"class":89},[61,76484,94],{"class":93},[61,76486,3691],{"class":102},[61,76488,1356],{"class":93},[61,76490,3035],{"class":75},[61,76492,76493],{"class":93},"::",[61,76495,2113],{"class":75},[61,76497,20473],{"class":93},[61,76499,76500],{"class":116},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[61,76502,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,76504,90],{"class":89},[61,76506,94],{"class":93},[61,76508,3691],{"class":102},[61,76510,73948],{"class":93},[61,76512,2078],{"class":71},[61,76514,3035],{"class":75},[61,76516,20473],{"class":93},[61,76518,76519],{"class":116},"    # reverse the list\n",[61,76521,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,76523,90],{"class":89},[61,76525,94],{"class":93},[61,76527,3691],{"class":102},[61,76529,1356],{"class":93},[61,76531,2552],{"class":75},[61,76533,1314],{"class":93},[61,76535,3035],{"class":75},[61,76537,1314],{"class":93},[61,76539,2078],{"class":71},[61,76541,3035],{"class":75},[61,76543,20473],{"class":93},[61,76545,76546],{"class":116},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76548,345],{},[52,76550,76552],{"className":54,"code":76551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76553,76554,76570,76586,76614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76555,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76557,1356],{"class":93},[61,76559,2379],{"class":75},[61,76561,106],{"class":93},[61,76563,7830],{"class":75},[61,76565,106],{"class":93},[61,76567,5121],{"class":75},[61,76569,1115],{"class":93},[61,76571,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76573,1356],{"class":93},[61,76575,15782],{"class":75},[61,76577,106],{"class":93},[61,76579,50665],{"class":75},[61,76581,106],{"class":93},[61,76583,75926],{"class":75},[61,76585,1115],{"class":93},[61,76587,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76589,1356],{"class":93},[61,76591,76105],{"class":75},[61,76593,106],{"class":93},[61,76595,5121],{"class":75},[61,76597,106],{"class":93},[61,76599,50665],{"class":75},[61,76601,106],{"class":93},[61,76603,7830],{"class":75},[61,76605,106],{"class":93},[61,76607,7825],{"class":75},[61,76609,106],{"class":93},[61,76611,6043],{"class":75},[61,76613,1115],{"class":93},[61,76615,76616,76618,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,76617,1356],{"class":93},[61,76619,76620],{"class":75},"50",[61,76622,106],{"class":93},[61,76624,50665],{"class":75},[61,76626,106],{"class":93},[61,76628,7830],{"class":75},[61,76630,1115],{"class":93},[20,76632,76633,76634,229],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[221,76635,76636],{"href":74632},"how to reverse a list in Python",[260,76638,76640],{"id":76639},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76642,2885],{},[52,76644,76646],{"className":54,"code":76645,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76647,76648,76668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76649,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76651,3661],{"class":67},[61,76653,72],{"class":71},[61,76655,1088],{"class":93},[61,76657,3035],{"class":75},[61,76659,106],{"class":93},[61,76661,3040],{"class":75},[61,76663,106],{"class":93},[61,76665,1020],{"class":75},[61,76667,1115],{"class":93},[61,76669,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76671,90],{"class":89},[61,76673,94],{"class":93},[61,76675,3691],{"class":102},[61,76677,73948],{"class":93},[61,76679,2175],{"class":75},[61,76681,1365],{"class":93},[20,76683,76684,76685,76687,76688,76690],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76686,40730],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76689,2175],{}," does not make sense.",[47,76692,76694],{"id":76693},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76696,76697],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[260,76699,76701],{"id":76700},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[52,76703,76705],{"className":54,"code":76704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76706,76707,76731,76735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76708,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76710,3661],{"class":67},[61,76712,72],{"class":71},[61,76714,1088],{"class":93},[61,76716,2379],{"class":75},[61,76718,106],{"class":93},[61,76720,7825],{"class":75},[61,76722,106],{"class":93},[61,76724,7830],{"class":75},[61,76726,106],{"class":93},[61,76728,50665],{"class":75},[61,76730,1115],{"class":93},[61,76732,76733],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76734,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,76736,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76738,90],{"class":89},[61,76740,94],{"class":93},[61,76742,3691],{"class":102},[61,76744,1356],{"class":93},[61,76746,2113],{"class":75},[61,76748,1365],{"class":93},[20,76750,345],{},[52,76752,76753],{"className":54,"code":69666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,76754,76755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76756,76757],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76758,69666],{"class":75},[260,76760,76762],{"id":76761},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[52,76764,76766],{"className":54,"code":76765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76767,76768,76792,76796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76769,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76771,3661],{"class":67},[61,76773,72],{"class":71},[61,76775,1088],{"class":93},[61,76777,2379],{"class":75},[61,76779,106],{"class":93},[61,76781,7825],{"class":75},[61,76783,106],{"class":93},[61,76785,7830],{"class":75},[61,76787,106],{"class":93},[61,76789,50665],{"class":75},[61,76791,1115],{"class":93},[61,76793,76794],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76795,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,76797,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76799,90],{"class":89},[61,76801,94],{"class":93},[61,76803,3691],{"class":102},[61,76805,1356],{"class":93},[61,76807,2113],{"class":75},[61,76809,1314],{"class":93},[61,76811,1046],{"class":75},[61,76813,1365],{"class":93},[20,76815,345],{},[52,76817,76819],{"className":54,"code":76818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[30]\n",[15,76820,76821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76822,76823,76825,76827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76824,1356],{"class":93},[61,76826,36869],{"class":75},[61,76828,1115],{"class":93},[20,76830,13789],{},[164,76832,76833,76839],{},[167,76834,76835,76838],{},[15,76836,76837],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[167,76840,76841,76844],{},[15,76842,76843],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76846,76847],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[164,76849,76850,76853],{},[167,76851,76852],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[167,76854,76855],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76857,295],{},[52,76859,76861],{"className":54,"code":76860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76862,76863,76883,76887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76864,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76866,3661],{"class":67},[61,76868,72],{"class":71},[61,76870,1088],{"class":93},[61,76872,2379],{"class":75},[61,76874,106],{"class":93},[61,76876,7825],{"class":75},[61,76878,106],{"class":93},[61,76880,7830],{"class":75},[61,76882,1115],{"class":93},[61,76884,76885],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76886,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,76888,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76890,90],{"class":89},[61,76892,94],{"class":93},[61,76894,3691],{"class":102},[61,76896,1356],{"class":93},[61,76898,2192],{"class":75},[61,76900,1314],{"class":93},[61,76902,2379],{"class":75},[61,76904,1365],{"class":93},[20,76906,345],{},[52,76908,76909],{"className":54,"code":38325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,76910,76911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76912,76913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76914,38325],{"class":93},[20,76916,76917],{},"But this would raise an error:",[52,76919,76921],{"className":54,"code":76920,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76922,76923,76943,76947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76924,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76926,3661],{"class":67},[61,76928,72],{"class":71},[61,76930,1088],{"class":93},[61,76932,2379],{"class":75},[61,76934,106],{"class":93},[61,76936,7825],{"class":75},[61,76938,106],{"class":93},[61,76940,7830],{"class":75},[61,76942,1115],{"class":93},[61,76944,76945],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,76946,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,76948,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,76950,90],{"class":89},[61,76952,94],{"class":93},[61,76954,3691],{"class":102},[61,76956,1356],{"class":93},[61,76958,2192],{"class":75},[61,76960,1365],{"class":93},[20,76962,76963,76964,229],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[221,76965,69085],{"href":69084},[47,76967,15204],{"id":76968},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76970,76971],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[164,76973,76974,76978,76980,76983,76989],{},[167,76975,4744,76976,75567],{},[15,76977,75252],{},[167,76979,60517],{},[167,76981,76982],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[167,76984,37232,76985,8738,76987],{},[15,76986,75887],{},[15,76988,73352],{},[167,76990,76991,76992,76994],{},"Using step ",[15,76993,2175],{},", which causes an error",[260,76996,76998],{"id":76997},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[52,77000,77002],{"className":54,"code":77001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77003,77004,77032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77005,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77007,3661],{"class":67},[61,77009,72],{"class":71},[61,77011,1088],{"class":93},[61,77013,2379],{"class":75},[61,77015,106],{"class":93},[61,77017,7825],{"class":75},[61,77019,106],{"class":93},[61,77021,7830],{"class":75},[61,77023,106],{"class":93},[61,77025,50665],{"class":75},[61,77027,106],{"class":93},[61,77029,5121],{"class":75},[61,77031,1115],{"class":93},[61,77033,77034,77036,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77035,90],{"class":89},[61,77037,94],{"class":93},[61,77039,3691],{"class":102},[61,77041,1356],{"class":93},[61,77043,3035],{"class":75},[61,77045,1314],{"class":93},[61,77047,2552],{"class":75},[61,77049,1365],{"class":93},[20,77051,77052],{},"This returns:",[52,77054,77056],{"className":54,"code":77055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77057,77058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77059,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77061,1356],{"class":93},[61,77063,15782],{"class":75},[61,77065,106],{"class":93},[61,77067,7830],{"class":75},[61,77069,106],{"class":93},[61,77071,50665],{"class":75},[61,77073,1115],{"class":93},[20,77075,40931,77076,77078,77079,77081,77082,229],{},[3784,77077,4670],{}," include ",[15,77080,76620],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77083,2552],{},[260,77085,77087],{"id":77086},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77089,1400],{},[52,77091,77093],{"className":54,"code":77092,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77094,77095,77115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77096,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77098,3661],{"class":67},[61,77100,72],{"class":71},[61,77102,1088],{"class":93},[61,77104,2379],{"class":75},[61,77106,106],{"class":93},[61,77108,7825],{"class":75},[61,77110,106],{"class":93},[61,77112,7830],{"class":75},[61,77114,1115],{"class":93},[61,77116,77117],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77118,77119],{"class":116},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77121,77122],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[52,77124,77126],{"className":54,"code":77125,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77127,77128],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77129,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77131,90],{"class":89},[61,77133,94],{"class":93},[61,77135,3691],{"class":102},[61,77137,1356],{"class":93},[61,77139,3035],{"class":75},[61,77141,1314],{"class":93},[61,77143,1046],{"class":75},[61,77145,1365],{"class":93},[260,77147,77149],{"id":77148},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77151,77152],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[52,77154,77156],{"className":54,"code":77155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77157,77158,77182,77196,77200,77210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77159,77160,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77161,3661],{"class":67},[61,77163,72],{"class":71},[61,77165,1088],{"class":93},[61,77167,2379],{"class":75},[61,77169,106],{"class":93},[61,77171,7825],{"class":75},[61,77173,106],{"class":93},[61,77175,7830],{"class":75},[61,77177,106],{"class":93},[61,77179,50665],{"class":75},[61,77181,1115],{"class":93},[61,77183,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77185,75485],{"class":67},[61,77187,72],{"class":71},[61,77189,4303],{"class":67},[61,77191,75361],{"class":93},[61,77193,2113],{"class":75},[61,77195,1115],{"class":93},[61,77197,77198],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,77199,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,77201,77202,77204,77206,77208],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,77203,90],{"class":89},[61,77205,94],{"class":93},[61,77207,75508],{"class":102},[61,77209,258],{"class":93},[61,77211,77212,77214,77216,77218],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,77213,90],{"class":89},[61,77215,94],{"class":93},[61,77217,3691],{"class":102},[61,77219,258],{"class":93},[20,77221,345],{},[52,77223,77225],{"className":54,"code":77224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77226,77227,77239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77228,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77230,1356],{"class":93},[61,77232,2379],{"class":75},[61,77234,106],{"class":93},[61,77236,7825],{"class":75},[61,77238,1115],{"class":93},[61,77240,77241,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77242,1356],{"class":93},[61,77244,2379],{"class":75},[61,77246,106],{"class":93},[61,77248,7825],{"class":75},[61,77250,106],{"class":93},[61,77252,7830],{"class":75},[61,77254,106],{"class":93},[61,77256,50665],{"class":75},[61,77258,1115],{"class":93},[20,77260,77261],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[260,77263,77265,77266,8738,77268],{"id":77264},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77267,75887],{},[15,77269,73352],{},[52,77271,77273],{"className":54,"code":77272,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77274,77275,77295,77299,77316,77327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77276,77277,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77278,3661],{"class":67},[61,77280,72],{"class":71},[61,77282,1088],{"class":93},[61,77284,2379],{"class":75},[61,77286,106],{"class":93},[61,77288,7825],{"class":75},[61,77290,106],{"class":93},[61,77292,7830],{"class":75},[61,77294,1115],{"class":93},[61,77296,77297],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77298,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,77300,77301,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,77302,77303],{"class":67},"reversed_copy ",[61,77305,72],{"class":71},[61,77307,4303],{"class":67},[61,77309,73948],{"class":93},[61,77311,2078],{"class":71},[61,77313,3035],{"class":75},[61,77315,1115],{"class":93},[61,77317,77318,77320,77322,77325],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,77319,90],{"class":89},[61,77321,94],{"class":93},[61,77323,77324],{"class":102},"reversed_copy",[61,77326,258],{"class":93},[61,77328,77329,77331,77333,77335],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,77330,90],{"class":89},[61,77332,94],{"class":93},[61,77334,3691],{"class":102},[61,77336,258],{"class":93},[20,77338,345],{},[52,77340,77342],{"className":54,"code":77341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77343,77344,77360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77345,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77347,1356],{"class":93},[61,77349,36869],{"class":75},[61,77351,106],{"class":93},[61,77353,7825],{"class":75},[61,77355,106],{"class":93},[61,77357,6043],{"class":75},[61,77359,1115],{"class":93},[61,77361,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370,77372,77374],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77363,1356],{"class":93},[61,77365,2379],{"class":75},[61,77367,106],{"class":93},[61,77369,7825],{"class":75},[61,77371,106],{"class":93},[61,77373,7830],{"class":75},[61,77375,1115],{"class":93},[20,77377,77378,77381],{},[15,77379,77380],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77383,77384,77385,77388],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77386,77387],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[260,77390,77392],{"id":77391},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77394,77395],{},"This is not allowed:",[52,77397,77399],{"className":54,"code":77398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77400,77401,77421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77402,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417,77419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77404,3661],{"class":67},[61,77406,72],{"class":71},[61,77408,1088],{"class":93},[61,77410,2379],{"class":75},[61,77412,106],{"class":93},[61,77414,7825],{"class":75},[61,77416,106],{"class":93},[61,77418,7830],{"class":75},[61,77420,1115],{"class":93},[61,77422,77423],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77424,77425],{"class":116},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77427,77428,77429,229],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77430,40730],{},[47,77432,77434],{"id":77433},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77436,77437],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[164,77439,77440,77447,77453,77456,77459],{},[167,77441,37232,77442,749,77444,77446],{},[15,77443,36099],{},[15,77445,75252],{}," positions",[167,77448,77449,77450,77452],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77451,75252],{}," index is included",[167,77454,77455],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[167,77457,77458],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[167,77460,77461],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77463,77464],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[52,77466,77468],{"className":54,"code":77467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77469,77470,77480,77494,77512,77526,77543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77471,77472,77474,77476,77478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77473,90],{"class":89},[61,77475,94],{"class":93},[61,77477,8371],{"class":102},[61,77479,258],{"class":93},[61,77481,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490,77492],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77483,90],{"class":89},[61,77485,94],{"class":93},[61,77487,11191],{"class":89},[61,77489,94],{"class":93},[61,77491,8371],{"class":102},[61,77493,342],{"class":93},[61,77495,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,77497,90],{"class":89},[61,77499,94],{"class":93},[61,77501,8371],{"class":102},[61,77503,1356],{"class":93},[61,77505,3035],{"class":75},[61,77507,1314],{"class":93},[61,77509,2552],{"class":75},[61,77511,1365],{"class":93},[61,77513,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,77515,90],{"class":89},[61,77517,94],{"class":93},[61,77519,8371],{"class":102},[61,77521,75361],{"class":93},[61,77523,1046],{"class":75},[61,77525,1365],{"class":93},[61,77527,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,77529,90],{"class":89},[61,77531,94],{"class":93},[61,77533,8371],{"class":102},[61,77535,1356],{"class":93},[61,77537,2078],{"class":71},[61,77539,1046],{"class":75},[61,77541,77542],{"class":93},":])\n",[61,77544,77545,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,77546,90],{"class":89},[61,77548,94],{"class":93},[61,77550,8371],{"class":102},[61,77552,73948],{"class":93},[61,77554,2078],{"class":71},[61,77556,3035],{"class":75},[61,77558,1365],{"class":93},[20,77560,8449,77561,77563,77564,77568],{},[15,77562,42384],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[221,77565,77567],{"href":77566},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[47,77570,1879],{"id":1878},[260,77572,77574],{"id":77573},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77576,77577],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[260,77579,77581],{"id":77580},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77583,77584],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[260,77586,1883,77588,39988],{"id":77587},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77589,75887],{},[20,77591,77592],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[260,77594,77596,77597,1916],{"id":77595},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77598,70557],{},[20,77600,77601],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[47,77603,1938],{"id":1937},[164,77605,77606,77611,77616,77620,77624,77628],{},[167,77607,77608],{},[221,77609,77610],{"href":50801},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[167,77612,77613],{},[221,77614,77615],{"href":56977},"How to create a list in Python",[167,77617,77618],{},[221,77619,14992],{"href":57043},[167,77621,77622],{},[221,77623,74633],{"href":74632},[167,77625,77626],{},[221,77627,77567],{"href":77566},[167,77629,77630],{},[221,77631,69085],{"href":69084},[20,77633,77634,77635,77637],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77636,42384],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1969,77639,77640],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":77642},[77643,77644,77645,77646,77647,77648,77651,77655,77663,77664,77672],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":75416,"depth":79,"text":75417},{"id":75579,"depth":79,"text":75580},{"id":75841,"depth":79,"text":75842},{"id":76135,"depth":79,"text":76136},{"id":76381,"depth":79,"text":76382,"children":77649},[77650],{"id":76639,"depth":86,"text":76640},{"id":76693,"depth":79,"text":76694,"children":77652},[77653,77654],{"id":76700,"depth":86,"text":76701},{"id":76761,"depth":86,"text":76762},{"id":76968,"depth":79,"text":15204,"children":77656},[77657,77658,77659,77660,77662],{"id":76997,"depth":86,"text":76998},{"id":77086,"depth":86,"text":77087},{"id":77148,"depth":86,"text":77149},{"id":77264,"depth":86,"text":77661},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77391,"depth":86,"text":77392},{"id":77433,"depth":79,"text":77434},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":77665},[77666,77667,77668,77670],{"id":77573,"depth":86,"text":77574},{"id":77580,"depth":86,"text":77581},{"id":77587,"depth":86,"text":77669},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77595,"depth":86,"text":77671},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75239,"description":77673},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77680,"title":77681,"body":77682,"description":79751,"extension":2017,"meta":79752,"navigation":82,"path":79753,"seo":79754,"stem":79755,"__hash__":79756},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77683,"toc":79717},[77684,77689,77695,77701,77703,77750,77757,77762,77766,77781,77784,77837,77839,77864,77869,77871,77903,77906,77922,77924,77985,77987,78012,78016,78021,78074,78076,78101,78106,78167,78169,78194,78197,78204,78208,78211,78272,78274,78307,78310,78371,78373,78406,78412,78485,78487,78519,78526,78531,78536,78538,78550,78553,78631,78633,78674,78677,78751,78753,78786,78791,78798,78805,78809,78818,78822,78830,78832,78899,78901,78937,78942,78953,78955,78960,78965,78967,79030,79032,79057,79064,79069,79073,79076,79116,79121,79127,79132,79134,79161,79166,79169,79216,79218,79275,79282,79287,79293,79362,79366,79369,79432,79434,79467,79472,79474,79477,79558,79560,79584,79590,79592,79597,79601,79608,79616,79620,79622,79645,79649,79651,79678,79681,79688,79691,79693,79714],[10,77685,54165,77687,11352],{"id":77686},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77688,64137],{},[20,77690,77691,77694],{},[15,77692,77693],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77696,77697,77698,77700],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77699,64137],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[47,77702,2059],{"id":2058},[52,77704,77706],{"className":54,"code":77705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77707,77708,77728,77738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77709,77710,77712,77714,77716,77718,77720,77722,77724,77726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77711,3661],{"class":67},[61,77713,72],{"class":71},[61,77715,1088],{"class":93},[61,77717,1046],{"class":75},[61,77719,106],{"class":93},[61,77721,5535],{"class":75},[61,77723,106],{"class":93},[61,77725,3040],{"class":75},[61,77727,1115],{"class":93},[61,77729,77730,77732,77734,77736],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77731,3691],{"class":67},[61,77733,229],{"class":93},[61,77735,34828],{"class":102},[61,77737,8676],{"class":93},[61,77739,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,77741,90],{"class":89},[61,77743,94],{"class":93},[61,77745,3691],{"class":102},[61,77747,664],{"class":93},[61,77749,54755],{"class":116},[20,77751,143,77752,77754,77755,229],{},[15,77753,77693],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77756,3820],{},[47,77758,151,77760,154],{"id":77759},"what-listsort-does",[15,77761,77693],{},[20,77763,77764,1314],{},[15,77765,77693],{},[164,77767,77768,77771,77774,77778],{},[167,77769,77770],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[167,77772,77773],{},"Changes the original list",[167,77775,172,77776],{},[15,77777,3820],{},[167,77779,77780],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77782,77783],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[52,77785,77787],{"className":54,"code":77786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77788,77789,77813,77823,77827],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77790,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77792,3661],{"class":67},[61,77794,72],{"class":71},[61,77796,1088],{"class":93},[61,77798,2192],{"class":75},[61,77800,106],{"class":93},[61,77802,3040],{"class":75},[61,77804,106],{"class":93},[61,77806,53959],{"class":75},[61,77808,106],{"class":93},[61,77810,5535],{"class":75},[61,77812,1115],{"class":93},[61,77814,77815,77817,77819,77821],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77816,3691],{"class":67},[61,77818,229],{"class":93},[61,77820,34828],{"class":102},[61,77822,8676],{"class":93},[61,77824,77825],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,77826,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,77828,77829,77831,77833,77835],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,77830,90],{"class":89},[61,77832,94],{"class":93},[61,77834,3691],{"class":102},[61,77836,258],{"class":93},[20,77838,345],{},[52,77840,77842],{"className":54,"code":77841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77843,77844],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77845,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77847,1356],{"class":93},[61,77849,3035],{"class":75},[61,77851,106],{"class":93},[61,77853,3040],{"class":75},[61,77855,106],{"class":93},[61,77857,4644],{"class":75},[61,77859,106],{"class":93},[61,77861,53959],{"class":75},[61,77863,1115],{"class":93},[20,77865,77866,77867,229],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[221,77868,66903],{"href":50801},[47,77870,233],{"id":232},[52,77872,77874],{"className":54,"code":77873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77875,77876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77877,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77897,77899,77901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77879,8371],{"class":67},[61,77881,229],{"class":93},[61,77883,34828],{"class":102},[61,77885,94],{"class":93},[61,77887,14868],{"class":9208},[61,77889,72],{"class":71},[61,77891,3820],{"class":355},[61,77893,106],{"class":93},[61,77895,77896],{"class":9208}," reverse",[61,77898,72],{"class":71},[61,77900,34],{"class":355},[61,77902,258],{"class":93},[20,77904,77905],{},"Main arguments:",[164,77907,77908,77913,77919],{},[167,77909,77910,77912],{},[15,77911,14868],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[167,77914,77915,77918],{},[15,77916,77917],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[167,77920,77921],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77923,295],{},[52,77925,77927],{"className":54,"code":77926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77928,77929,77953,77971,77975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77930,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77932,3661],{"class":67},[61,77934,72],{"class":71},[61,77936,1088],{"class":93},[61,77938,2552],{"class":75},[61,77940,106],{"class":93},[61,77942,5535],{"class":75},[61,77944,106],{"class":93},[61,77946,6032],{"class":75},[61,77948,106],{"class":93},[61,77950,3040],{"class":75},[61,77952,1115],{"class":93},[61,77954,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,77956,3691],{"class":67},[61,77958,229],{"class":93},[61,77960,34828],{"class":102},[61,77962,94],{"class":93},[61,77964,73403],{"class":9208},[61,77966,72],{"class":71},[61,77968,30],{"class":355},[61,77970,258],{"class":93},[61,77972,77973],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,77974,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,77976,77977,77979,77981,77983],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,77978,90],{"class":89},[61,77980,94],{"class":93},[61,77982,3691],{"class":102},[61,77984,258],{"class":93},[20,77986,345],{},[52,77988,77990],{"className":54,"code":77989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77991,77992],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77993,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77995,1356],{"class":93},[61,77997,2081],{"class":75},[61,77999,106],{"class":93},[61,78001,2505],{"class":75},[61,78003,106],{"class":93},[61,78005,3040],{"class":75},[61,78007,106],{"class":93},[61,78009,5535],{"class":75},[61,78011,1115],{"class":93},[47,78013,78015],{"id":78014},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78017,143,78018,78020],{},[15,78019,64137],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[52,78022,78024],{"className":54,"code":78023,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78025,78026,78050,78060,78064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78027,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78029,3661],{"class":67},[61,78031,72],{"class":71},[61,78033,1088],{"class":93},[61,78035,2379],{"class":75},[61,78037,106],{"class":93},[61,78039,1020],{"class":75},[61,78041,106],{"class":93},[61,78043,6399],{"class":75},[61,78045,106],{"class":93},[61,78047,5535],{"class":75},[61,78049,1115],{"class":93},[61,78051,78052,78054,78056,78058],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78053,3691],{"class":67},[61,78055,229],{"class":93},[61,78057,34828],{"class":102},[61,78059,8676],{"class":93},[61,78061,78062],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,78063,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78065,78066,78068,78070,78072],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,78067,90],{"class":89},[61,78069,94],{"class":93},[61,78071,3691],{"class":102},[61,78073,258],{"class":93},[20,78075,345],{},[52,78077,78079],{"className":54,"code":78078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78080,78081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78082,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78084,1356],{"class":93},[61,78086,3035],{"class":75},[61,78088,106],{"class":93},[61,78090,1020],{"class":75},[61,78092,106],{"class":93},[61,78094,6399],{"class":75},[61,78096,106],{"class":93},[61,78098,6043],{"class":75},[61,78100,1115],{"class":93},[20,78102,143,78103,78105],{},[15,78104,77917],{}," for descending order:",[52,78107,78109],{"className":54,"code":78108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78110,78111,78135,78153,78157],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78112,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78114,3661],{"class":67},[61,78116,72],{"class":71},[61,78118,1088],{"class":93},[61,78120,2379],{"class":75},[61,78122,106],{"class":93},[61,78124,1020],{"class":75},[61,78126,106],{"class":93},[61,78128,6399],{"class":75},[61,78130,106],{"class":93},[61,78132,5535],{"class":75},[61,78134,1115],{"class":93},[61,78136,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78138,3691],{"class":67},[61,78140,229],{"class":93},[61,78142,34828],{"class":102},[61,78144,94],{"class":93},[61,78146,73403],{"class":9208},[61,78148,72],{"class":71},[61,78150,30],{"class":355},[61,78152,258],{"class":93},[61,78154,78155],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,78156,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78158,78159,78161,78163,78165],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,78160,90],{"class":89},[61,78162,94],{"class":93},[61,78164,3691],{"class":102},[61,78166,258],{"class":93},[20,78168,345],{},[52,78170,78172],{"className":54,"code":78171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78173,78174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78175,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78177,1356],{"class":93},[61,78179,2379],{"class":75},[61,78181,106],{"class":93},[61,78183,6399],{"class":75},[61,78185,106],{"class":93},[61,78187,1020],{"class":75},[61,78189,106],{"class":93},[61,78191,5535],{"class":75},[61,78193,1115],{"class":93},[20,78195,78196],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78198,78199,78200,229],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[221,78201,78203],{"href":78202},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[47,78205,78207],{"id":78206},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78209,78210],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[52,78212,78214],{"className":54,"code":78213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78215,78216,78248,78258,78262],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78217,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78219,4109],{"class":67},[61,78221,72],{"class":71},[61,78223,1088],{"class":93},[61,78225,1010],{"class":310},[61,78227,4127],{"class":314},[61,78229,1010],{"class":310},[61,78231,106],{"class":93},[61,78233,311],{"class":310},[61,78235,4118],{"class":314},[61,78237,1010],{"class":310},[61,78239,106],{"class":93},[61,78241,311],{"class":310},[61,78243,4136],{"class":314},[61,78245,1010],{"class":310},[61,78247,1115],{"class":93},[61,78249,78250,78252,78254,78256],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78251,4153],{"class":67},[61,78253,229],{"class":93},[61,78255,34828],{"class":102},[61,78257,8676],{"class":93},[61,78259,78260],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,78261,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78263,78264,78266,78268,78270],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,78265,90],{"class":89},[61,78267,94],{"class":93},[61,78269,4153],{"class":102},[61,78271,258],{"class":93},[20,78273,345],{},[52,78275,78277],{"className":54,"code":78276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78278,78279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78280,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78282,1356],{"class":93},[61,78284,3348],{"class":310},[61,78286,4118],{"class":314},[61,78288,3348],{"class":310},[61,78290,106],{"class":93},[61,78292,3343],{"class":310},[61,78294,4127],{"class":314},[61,78296,3348],{"class":310},[61,78298,106],{"class":93},[61,78300,3343],{"class":310},[61,78302,4136],{"class":314},[61,78304,3348],{"class":310},[61,78306,1115],{"class":93},[20,78308,78309],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[52,78311,78313],{"className":54,"code":78312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78314,78315,78347,78357,78361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78316,78317,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78318,4109],{"class":67},[61,78320,72],{"class":71},[61,78322,1088],{"class":93},[61,78324,1010],{"class":310},[61,78326,4127],{"class":314},[61,78328,1010],{"class":310},[61,78330,106],{"class":93},[61,78332,311],{"class":310},[61,78334,57592],{"class":314},[61,78336,1010],{"class":310},[61,78338,106],{"class":93},[61,78340,311],{"class":310},[61,78342,4136],{"class":314},[61,78344,1010],{"class":310},[61,78346,1115],{"class":93},[61,78348,78349,78351,78353,78355],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78350,4153],{"class":67},[61,78352,229],{"class":93},[61,78354,34828],{"class":102},[61,78356,8676],{"class":93},[61,78358,78359],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,78360,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78362,78363,78365,78367,78369],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,78364,90],{"class":89},[61,78366,94],{"class":93},[61,78368,4153],{"class":102},[61,78370,258],{"class":93},[20,78372,345],{},[52,78374,78376],{"className":54,"code":78375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78377,78378],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78379,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78381,1356],{"class":93},[61,78383,3348],{"class":310},[61,78385,57592],{"class":314},[61,78387,3348],{"class":310},[61,78389,106],{"class":93},[61,78391,3343],{"class":310},[61,78393,4127],{"class":314},[61,78395,3348],{"class":310},[61,78397,106],{"class":93},[61,78399,3343],{"class":310},[61,78401,4136],{"class":314},[61,78403,3348],{"class":310},[61,78405,1115],{"class":93},[20,78407,78408,78409,1314],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78410,78411],{},"key=str.lower",[52,78413,78415],{"className":54,"code":78414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78416,78417,78449,78471,78475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78418,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78420,4109],{"class":67},[61,78422,72],{"class":71},[61,78424,1088],{"class":93},[61,78426,1010],{"class":310},[61,78428,4127],{"class":314},[61,78430,1010],{"class":310},[61,78432,106],{"class":93},[61,78434,311],{"class":310},[61,78436,57592],{"class":314},[61,78438,1010],{"class":310},[61,78440,106],{"class":93},[61,78442,311],{"class":310},[61,78444,4136],{"class":314},[61,78446,1010],{"class":310},[61,78448,1115],{"class":93},[61,78450,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78452,4153],{"class":67},[61,78454,229],{"class":93},[61,78456,34828],{"class":102},[61,78458,94],{"class":93},[61,78460,14868],{"class":9208},[61,78462,72],{"class":71},[61,78464,185],{"class":109},[61,78466,229],{"class":93},[61,78468,8673],{"class":24778},[61,78470,258],{"class":93},[61,78472,78473],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,78474,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78476,78477,78479,78481,78483],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,78478,90],{"class":89},[61,78480,94],{"class":93},[61,78482,4153],{"class":102},[61,78484,258],{"class":93},[20,78486,345],{},[52,78488,78489],{"className":54,"code":78375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,78490,78491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78492,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78494,1356],{"class":93},[61,78496,3348],{"class":310},[61,78498,57592],{"class":314},[61,78500,3348],{"class":310},[61,78502,106],{"class":93},[61,78504,3343],{"class":310},[61,78506,4127],{"class":314},[61,78508,3348],{"class":310},[61,78510,106],{"class":93},[61,78512,3343],{"class":310},[61,78514,4136],{"class":314},[61,78516,3348],{"class":310},[61,78518,1115],{"class":93},[20,78520,78521,78522,78525],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78523,78524],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[47,78527,36640,78529,36643],{"id":78528},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78530,14868],{},[20,78532,2034,78533,78535],{},[15,78534,14868],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78537,7377],{},[164,78539,78540,78545],{},[167,78541,78542,78544],{},[15,78543,11191],{}," to sort by length",[167,78546,78547,78549],{},[15,78548,78524],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78551,78552],{},"Sort words by length:",[52,78554,78556],{"className":54,"code":78555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78557,78558,78599,78617,78621],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78559,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78561,4109],{"class":67},[61,78563,72],{"class":71},[61,78565,1088],{"class":93},[61,78567,1010],{"class":310},[61,78569,78570],{"class":314},"pear",[61,78572,1010],{"class":310},[61,78574,106],{"class":93},[61,78576,311],{"class":310},[61,78578,4127],{"class":314},[61,78580,1010],{"class":310},[61,78582,106],{"class":93},[61,78584,311],{"class":310},[61,78586,38386],{"class":314},[61,78588,1010],{"class":310},[61,78590,106],{"class":93},[61,78592,311],{"class":310},[61,78594,4118],{"class":314},[61,78596,1010],{"class":310},[61,78598,1115],{"class":93},[61,78600,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78602,4153],{"class":67},[61,78604,229],{"class":93},[61,78606,34828],{"class":102},[61,78608,94],{"class":93},[61,78610,14868],{"class":9208},[61,78612,72],{"class":71},[61,78614,11191],{"class":89},[61,78616,258],{"class":93},[61,78618,78619],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,78620,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78622,78623,78625,78627,78629],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,78624,90],{"class":89},[61,78626,94],{"class":93},[61,78628,4153],{"class":102},[61,78630,258],{"class":93},[20,78632,345],{},[52,78634,78636],{"className":54,"code":78635,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78637,78638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78639,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78641,1356],{"class":93},[61,78643,3348],{"class":310},[61,78645,38386],{"class":314},[61,78647,3348],{"class":310},[61,78649,106],{"class":93},[61,78651,3343],{"class":310},[61,78653,78570],{"class":314},[61,78655,3348],{"class":310},[61,78657,106],{"class":93},[61,78659,3343],{"class":310},[61,78661,4118],{"class":314},[61,78663,3348],{"class":310},[61,78665,106],{"class":93},[61,78667,3343],{"class":310},[61,78669,4127],{"class":314},[61,78671,3348],{"class":310},[61,78673,1115],{"class":93},[20,78675,78676],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[52,78678,78680],{"className":54,"code":78679,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78681,78682,78715,78737,78741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78683,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78711,78713],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78685,4109],{"class":67},[61,78687,72],{"class":71},[61,78689,1088],{"class":93},[61,78691,1010],{"class":310},[61,78693,5053],{"class":314},[61,78695,1010],{"class":310},[61,78697,106],{"class":93},[61,78699,311],{"class":310},[61,78701,17830],{"class":314},[61,78703,1010],{"class":310},[61,78705,106],{"class":93},[61,78707,311],{"class":310},[61,78709,78710],{"class":314},"Carol",[61,78712,1010],{"class":310},[61,78714,1115],{"class":93},[61,78716,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78718,4153],{"class":67},[61,78720,229],{"class":93},[61,78722,34828],{"class":102},[61,78724,94],{"class":93},[61,78726,14868],{"class":9208},[61,78728,72],{"class":71},[61,78730,185],{"class":109},[61,78732,229],{"class":93},[61,78734,8673],{"class":24778},[61,78736,258],{"class":93},[61,78738,78739],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,78740,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78742,78743,78745,78747,78749],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,78744,90],{"class":89},[61,78746,94],{"class":93},[61,78748,4153],{"class":102},[61,78750,258],{"class":93},[20,78752,345],{},[52,78754,78756],{"className":54,"code":78755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78757,78758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78759,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78761,1356],{"class":93},[61,78763,3348],{"class":310},[61,78765,17830],{"class":314},[61,78767,3348],{"class":310},[61,78769,106],{"class":93},[61,78771,3343],{"class":310},[61,78773,5053],{"class":314},[61,78775,3348],{"class":310},[61,78777,106],{"class":93},[61,78779,3343],{"class":310},[61,78781,78710],{"class":314},[61,78783,3348],{"class":310},[61,78785,1115],{"class":93},[20,78787,2034,78788,78790],{},[15,78789,14868],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[47,78792,78794,741,78796],{"id":78793},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78795,77693],{},[15,78797,74250],{},[20,78799,78800,749,78802,78804],{},[15,78801,77693],{},[15,78803,74250],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78806,78807,1314],{},[15,78808,77693],{},[164,78810,78811,78814],{},[167,78812,78813],{},"Changes the existing list",[167,78815,172,78816],{},[15,78817,3820],{},[20,78819,78820,1314],{},[15,78821,74250],{},[164,78823,78824,78827],{},[167,78825,78826],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[167,78828,78829],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78831,295],{},[52,78833,78835],{"className":54,"code":78834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78836,78837,78857,78861,78875,78879,78889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78838,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78840,3661],{"class":67},[61,78842,72],{"class":71},[61,78844,1088],{"class":93},[61,78846,1046],{"class":75},[61,78848,106],{"class":93},[61,78850,5535],{"class":75},[61,78852,106],{"class":93},[61,78854,3040],{"class":75},[61,78856,1115],{"class":93},[61,78858,78859],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78860,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78862,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,78864,55713],{"class":67},[61,78866,72],{"class":71},[61,78868,74384],{"class":89},[61,78870,94],{"class":93},[61,78872,3691],{"class":102},[61,78874,258],{"class":93},[61,78876,78877],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,78878,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,78880,78881,78883,78885,78887],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,78882,90],{"class":89},[61,78884,94],{"class":93},[61,78886,3691],{"class":102},[61,78888,258],{"class":93},[61,78890,78891,78893,78895,78897],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,78892,90],{"class":89},[61,78894,94],{"class":93},[61,78896,74107],{"class":102},[61,78898,258],{"class":93},[20,78900,345],{},[52,78902,78903],{"className":54,"code":74419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,78904,78905,78921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78906,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78908,1356],{"class":93},[61,78910,1046],{"class":75},[61,78912,106],{"class":93},[61,78914,5535],{"class":75},[61,78916,106],{"class":93},[61,78918,3040],{"class":75},[61,78920,1115],{"class":93},[61,78922,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78924,1356],{"class":93},[61,78926,3035],{"class":75},[61,78928,106],{"class":93},[61,78930,3040],{"class":75},[61,78932,106],{"class":93},[61,78934,1020],{"class":75},[61,78936,1115],{"class":93},[20,78938,143,78939,78941],{},[15,78940,74250],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78943,78944,78945,749,78949,229],{},"You can learn more in ",[221,78946,13,78947,5821],{"href":74347},[15,78948,74250],{},[221,78950,78952],{"href":78951},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[47,78954,2878],{"id":2877},[20,78956,78957,78958,229],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78959,77693],{},[260,78961,12621,78963],{"id":78962},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78964,64137],{},[20,78966,25719],{},[52,78968,78970],{"className":54,"code":78969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78971,78972,78992,79006,79010,79020],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78973,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78975,3661],{"class":67},[61,78977,72],{"class":71},[61,78979,1088],{"class":93},[61,78981,1046],{"class":75},[61,78983,106],{"class":93},[61,78985,5535],{"class":75},[61,78987,106],{"class":93},[61,78989,3040],{"class":75},[61,78991,1115],{"class":93},[61,78993,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,78995,1593],{"class":67},[61,78997,72],{"class":71},[61,78999,4303],{"class":67},[61,79001,229],{"class":93},[61,79003,34828],{"class":102},[61,79005,8676],{"class":93},[61,79007,79008],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,79009,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,79011,79012,79014,79016,79018],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,79013,90],{"class":89},[61,79015,94],{"class":93},[61,79017,1620],{"class":102},[61,79019,258],{"class":93},[61,79021,79022,79024,79026,79028],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,79023,90],{"class":89},[61,79025,94],{"class":93},[61,79027,3691],{"class":102},[61,79029,258],{"class":93},[20,79031,345],{},[52,79033,79035],{"className":54,"code":79034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79036,79037,79041],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79038,79039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79040,11835],{"class":355},[61,79042,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,79044,1356],{"class":93},[61,79046,3035],{"class":75},[61,79048,106],{"class":93},[61,79050,3040],{"class":75},[61,79052,106],{"class":93},[61,79054,1020],{"class":75},[61,79056,1115],{"class":93},[20,79058,79059,79061,79062,229],{},[15,79060,64137],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79063,3820],{},[20,79065,79066,79067,1649],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79068,74250],{},[260,79070,79072],{"id":79071},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79074,79075],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[52,79077,79079],{"className":54,"code":79078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79080,79081,79106],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79082,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79098,79100,79102,79104],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79084,7814],{"class":67},[61,79086,72],{"class":71},[61,79088,1088],{"class":93},[61,79090,3035],{"class":75},[61,79092,106],{"class":93},[61,79094,311],{"class":310},[61,79096,79097],{"class":314},"two",[61,79099,1010],{"class":310},[61,79101,106],{"class":93},[61,79103,1020],{"class":75},[61,79105,1115],{"class":93},[61,79107,79108,79110,79112,79114],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,79109,7845],{"class":67},[61,79111,229],{"class":93},[61,79113,34828],{"class":102},[61,79115,8676],{"class":93},[20,79117,3049,79118,79120],{},[15,79119,1382],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[260,79122,4744,79124,79126],{"id":79123},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79125,64137],{}," only works on lists",[20,79128,79129,79131],{},[15,79130,64137],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79133,1400],{},[52,79135,79137],{"className":54,"code":79136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79138,79139,79151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79140,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79142,450],{"class":67},[61,79144,72],{"class":71},[61,79146,311],{"class":310},[61,79148,56],{"class":314},[61,79150,318],{"class":310},[61,79152,79153,79155,79157,79159],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,79154,476],{"class":67},[61,79156,229],{"class":93},[61,79158,34828],{"class":102},[61,79160,8676],{"class":93},[20,79162,79163,79164,33630],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79165,64137],{},[20,79167,79168],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[52,79170,79172],{"className":54,"code":79171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79173,79174,79192,79202,79206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79175,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79177,36117],{"class":67},[61,79179,72],{"class":71},[61,79181,605],{"class":109},[61,79183,94],{"class":93},[61,79185,1010],{"class":310},[61,79187,56],{"class":314},[61,79189,1010],{"class":310},[61,79191,258],{"class":93},[61,79193,79194,79196,79198,79200],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,79195,36170],{"class":67},[61,79197,229],{"class":93},[61,79199,34828],{"class":102},[61,79201,8676],{"class":93},[61,79203,79204],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,79205,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,79207,79208,79210,79212,79214],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,79209,90],{"class":89},[61,79211,94],{"class":93},[61,79213,36170],{"class":102},[61,79215,258],{"class":93},[20,79217,345],{},[52,79219,79221],{"className":54,"code":79220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79222,79223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79224,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79226,1356],{"class":93},[61,79228,3348],{"class":310},[61,79230,60263],{"class":314},[61,79232,3348],{"class":310},[61,79234,106],{"class":93},[61,79236,3343],{"class":310},[61,79238,75856],{"class":314},[61,79240,3348],{"class":310},[61,79242,106],{"class":93},[61,79244,3343],{"class":310},[61,79246,60298],{"class":314},[61,79248,3348],{"class":310},[61,79250,106],{"class":93},[61,79252,3343],{"class":310},[61,79254,20],{"class":314},[61,79256,3348],{"class":310},[61,79258,106],{"class":93},[61,79260,3343],{"class":310},[61,79262,63112],{"class":314},[61,79264,3348],{"class":310},[61,79266,106],{"class":93},[61,79268,3343],{"class":310},[61,79270,11772],{"class":314},[61,79272,3348],{"class":310},[61,79274,1115],{"class":93},[260,79276,79278,79279,79281],{"id":79277},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79280,14868],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79283,79284,79285,229],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79286,14868],{},[20,79288,79289,79290,79292],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79291,64137],{}," will not do that:",[52,79294,79296],{"className":54,"code":79295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79297,79298,79330,79348,79352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79299,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79301,4109],{"class":67},[61,79303,72],{"class":71},[61,79305,1088],{"class":93},[61,79307,1010],{"class":310},[61,79309,4127],{"class":314},[61,79311,1010],{"class":310},[61,79313,106],{"class":93},[61,79315,311],{"class":310},[61,79317,38386],{"class":314},[61,79319,1010],{"class":310},[61,79321,106],{"class":93},[61,79323,311],{"class":310},[61,79325,4118],{"class":314},[61,79327,1010],{"class":310},[61,79329,1115],{"class":93},[61,79331,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,79333,4153],{"class":67},[61,79335,229],{"class":93},[61,79337,34828],{"class":102},[61,79339,94],{"class":93},[61,79341,14868],{"class":9208},[61,79343,72],{"class":71},[61,79345,11191],{"class":89},[61,79347,258],{"class":93},[61,79349,79350],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,79351,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,79353,79354,79356,79358,79360],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,79355,90],{"class":89},[61,79357,94],{"class":93},[61,79359,4153],{"class":102},[61,79361,258],{"class":93},[260,79363,79365],{"id":79364},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79367,79368],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[52,79370,79372],{"className":54,"code":79371,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79373,79374,79408,79418,79422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79375,79376,79378,79380,79382,79384,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79404,79406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79377,4109],{"class":67},[61,79379,72],{"class":71},[61,79381,1088],{"class":93},[61,79383,1010],{"class":310},[61,79385,79386],{"class":314},"zebra",[61,79388,1010],{"class":310},[61,79390,106],{"class":93},[61,79392,311],{"class":310},[61,79394,57592],{"class":314},[61,79396,1010],{"class":310},[61,79398,106],{"class":93},[61,79400,311],{"class":310},[61,79402,79403],{"class":314},"monkey",[61,79405,1010],{"class":310},[61,79407,1115],{"class":93},[61,79409,79410,79412,79414,79416],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,79411,4153],{"class":67},[61,79413,229],{"class":93},[61,79415,34828],{"class":102},[61,79417,8676],{"class":93},[61,79419,79420],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,79421,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,79423,79424,79426,79428,79430],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,79425,90],{"class":89},[61,79427,94],{"class":93},[61,79429,4153],{"class":102},[61,79431,258],{"class":93},[20,79433,345],{},[52,79435,79437],{"className":54,"code":79436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79438,79439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79440,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79442,1356],{"class":93},[61,79444,3348],{"class":310},[61,79446,57592],{"class":314},[61,79448,3348],{"class":310},[61,79450,106],{"class":93},[61,79452,3343],{"class":310},[61,79454,79403],{"class":314},[61,79456,3348],{"class":310},[61,79458,106],{"class":93},[61,79460,3343],{"class":310},[61,79462,79386],{"class":314},[61,79464,3348],{"class":310},[61,79466,1115],{"class":93},[20,79468,143,79469,79471],{},[15,79470,78411],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[260,79473,60535],{"id":60534},[20,79475,79476],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[52,79478,79480],{"className":54,"code":79479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79481,79482,79492,79506,79520,79534],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79483,79484,79486,79488,79490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79485,90],{"class":89},[61,79487,94],{"class":93},[61,79489,8371],{"class":102},[61,79491,258],{"class":93},[61,79493,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,79495,90],{"class":89},[61,79497,94],{"class":93},[61,79499,657],{"class":109},[61,79501,94],{"class":93},[61,79503,8371],{"class":102},[61,79505,342],{"class":93},[61,79507,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,79509,90],{"class":89},[61,79511,94],{"class":93},[61,79513,8371],{"class":102},[61,79515,229],{"class":93},[61,79517,34828],{"class":102},[61,79519,7228],{"class":93},[61,79521,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,79523,90],{"class":89},[61,79525,94],{"class":93},[61,79527,74340],{"class":89},[61,79529,94],{"class":93},[61,79531,8371],{"class":102},[61,79533,342],{"class":93},[61,79535,79536,79538,79540,79542,79544,79546,79548,79550,79552,79554,79556],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,79537,90],{"class":89},[61,79539,3032],{"class":93},[61,79541,657],{"class":109},[61,79543,94],{"class":93},[61,79545,23338],{"class":102},[61,79547,664],{"class":93},[61,79549,3918],{"class":672},[61,79551,5999],{"class":102},[61,79553,3924],{"class":672},[61,79555,8427],{"class":102},[61,79557,1365],{"class":93},[20,79559,11200],{},[164,79561,79562,79565,79568,79575,79581],{},[167,79563,79564],{},"What values are in the list",[167,79566,79567],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[167,79569,79570,79571,2446,79573],{},"That ",[15,79572,64137],{},[15,79574,3820],{},[167,79576,79577,79578,79580],{},"Whether ",[15,79579,74250],{}," works better for your case",[167,79582,79583],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79585,79586,79587,79589],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79588,1382],{}," problems.",[47,79591,1879],{"id":1878},[260,79593,1928,79595,55292],{"id":79594},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79596,77693],{},[20,79598,62428,79599,229],{},[15,79600,3820],{},[260,79602,1911,79604,749,79606,1916],{"id":79603},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79605,64137],{},[15,79607,74250],{},[20,79609,79610,79612,79613,79615],{},[15,79611,64137],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79614,74250],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[260,79617,79619],{"id":79618},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79621,18722],{},[52,79623,79625],{"className":54,"code":79624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79626,79627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79628,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79630,8371],{"class":67},[61,79632,229],{"class":93},[61,79634,34828],{"class":102},[61,79636,94],{"class":93},[61,79638,73403],{"class":9208},[61,79640,72],{"class":71},[61,79642,30],{"class":355},[61,79644,258],{"class":93},[260,79646,79648],{"id":79647},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79650,18722],{},[52,79652,79654],{"className":54,"code":79653,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79655,79656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79657,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79659,8371],{"class":67},[61,79661,229],{"class":93},[61,79663,34828],{"class":102},[61,79665,94],{"class":93},[61,79667,14868],{"class":9208},[61,79669,72],{"class":71},[61,79671,185],{"class":109},[61,79673,229],{"class":93},[61,79675,8673],{"class":24778},[61,79677,258],{"class":93},[20,79679,79680],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[260,79682,79684,79685,79687],{"id":79683},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79686,1382],{}," when sorting?",[20,79689,79690],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[47,79692,1938],{"id":1937},[164,79694,79695,79700,79706,79710],{},[167,79696,79697],{},[221,79698,79699],{"href":78202},"How to sort a list in Python",[167,79701,79702],{},[221,79703,13,79704,5821],{"href":74347},[15,79705,74250],{},[167,79707,79708],{},[221,79709,66903],{"href":50801},[167,79711,79712],{},[221,79713,78952],{"href":78951},[1969,79715,79716],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":79718},[79719,79720,79722,79723,79724,79725,79727,79729,79740,79750],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":77759,"depth":79,"text":79721},"What list.sort() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":78014,"depth":79,"text":78015},{"id":78206,"depth":79,"text":78207},{"id":78528,"depth":79,"text":79726},"Using the key argument",{"id":78793,"depth":79,"text":79728},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":79730},[79731,79733,79734,79736,79738,79739],{"id":78962,"depth":86,"text":79732},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79071,"depth":86,"text":79072},{"id":79123,"depth":86,"text":79735},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79277,"depth":86,"text":79737},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79364,"depth":86,"text":79365},{"id":60534,"depth":86,"text":60535},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":79741},[79742,79744,79746,79747,79748],{"id":79594,"depth":86,"text":79743},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79603,"depth":86,"text":79745},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79618,"depth":86,"text":79619},{"id":79647,"depth":86,"text":79648},{"id":79683,"depth":86,"text":79749},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77681,"description":79751},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79758,"title":79759,"body":79760,"description":82391,"extension":2017,"meta":82392,"navigation":82,"path":82393,"seo":82394,"stem":82395,"__hash__":82396},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79761,"toc":82350},[79762,79767,79772,79775,79786,79789,79809,79811,79873,79875,79916,79925,79930,79935,79941,79952,79954,79973,79976,79981,79986,79988,79993,80007,80009,80027,80030,80047,80050,80056,80079,80084,80086,80089,80150,80152,80185,80187,80226,80234,80244,80250,80255,80348,80350,80374,80376,80394,80397,80428,80434,80439,80442,80444,80569,80571,80595,80597,80616,80622,80628,80747,80749,80766,80773,80779,80784,80791,80797,80799,80856,80859,80880,80883,80886,80947,80949,80982,80986,81056,81058,81075,81079,81082,81157,81159,81196,81199,81202,81273,81275,81336,81341,81346,81349,81363,81365,81438,81440,81460,81463,81466,81523,81585,81588,81620,81623,81638,81643,81645,81651,81654,81710,81713,81715,81734,81738,81740,81784,81793,81795,81855,81859,81862,81864,81957,81959,82074,82078,82080,82154,82157,82160,82162,82167,82232,82234,82258,82268,82270,82276,82285,82294,82303,82309,82312,82316,82319,82321,82347],[10,79763,13,79765,18],{"id":79764},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79766,39745],{},[20,79768,3627,79769,79771],{},[15,79770,39745],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79773,79774],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[164,79776,79777,79780,79783],{},[167,79778,79779],{},"converting numbers to strings",[167,79781,79782],{},"changing strings to integers",[167,79784,79785],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79787,79788],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[164,79790,79791,79798,79804],{},[167,79792,79793,14080,79795,79797],{},[15,79794,39745],{},[3784,79796,4670],{}," return a list in Python 3",[167,79799,79800,79801],{},"it returns a ",[3784,79802,79803],{},"map object",[167,79805,79806,79807],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79808,24809],{},[47,79810,2059],{"id":2058},[52,79812,79814],{"className":54,"code":79813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79815,79816,79840,79859],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79817,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79819,3661],{"class":67},[61,79821,72],{"class":71},[61,79823,1088],{"class":93},[61,79825,3035],{"class":75},[61,79827,106],{"class":93},[61,79829,3040],{"class":75},[61,79831,106],{"class":93},[61,79833,1020],{"class":75},[61,79835,106],{"class":93},[61,79837,2505],{"class":75},[61,79839,1115],{"class":93},[61,79841,79842,79844,79846,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,79843,1593],{"class":67},[61,79845,72],{"class":71},[61,79847,79848],{"class":89}," map",[61,79850,94],{"class":93},[61,79852,185],{"class":109},[61,79854,106],{"class":93},[61,79856,4303],{"class":102},[61,79858,258],{"class":93},[61,79860,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,79862,90],{"class":89},[61,79864,94],{"class":93},[61,79866,192],{"class":109},[61,79868,94],{"class":93},[61,79870,1620],{"class":102},[61,79872,342],{"class":93},[20,79874,345],{},[52,79876,79878],{"className":54,"code":79877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79879,79880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79881,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79883,1356],{"class":93},[61,79885,3348],{"class":310},[61,79887,3035],{"class":314},[61,79889,3348],{"class":310},[61,79891,106],{"class":93},[61,79893,3343],{"class":310},[61,79895,2113],{"class":314},[61,79897,3348],{"class":310},[61,79899,106],{"class":93},[61,79901,3343],{"class":310},[61,79903,1046],{"class":314},[61,79905,3348],{"class":310},[61,79907,106],{"class":93},[61,79909,3343],{"class":310},[61,79911,2552],{"class":314},[61,79913,3348],{"class":310},[61,79915,1115],{"class":93},[20,79917,143,79918,79921,79922,79924],{},[15,79919,79920],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79923,24809],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[47,79926,151,79928,154],{"id":79927},"what-map-does",[15,79929,39745],{},[20,79931,79932,79934],{},[15,79933,39745],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79936,79937,79938,79940],{},"An ",[3784,79939,3761],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[164,79942,79943,79945,79947,79949],{},[167,79944,37929],{},[167,79946,37932],{},[167,79948,37935],{},[167,79950,79951],{},"a range object",[20,79953,30753],{},[52,79955,79957],{"className":54,"code":79956,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79958,79959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79960,79961,79963,79965,79967,79969,79971],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79962,39888],{"class":89},[61,79964,94],{"class":93},[61,79966,37888],{"class":102},[61,79968,106],{"class":93},[61,79970,37893],{"class":102},[61,79972,258],{"class":93},[20,79974,79975],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79977,79978,79979,33771],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3784,79980,79803],{},[20,79982,79983,79984,229],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[221,79985,5177],{"href":5176},[47,79987,233],{"id":232},[20,79989,79990,79992],{},[15,79991,39745],{}," needs at least two parts:",[164,79994,79995,80001],{},[167,79996,79997,80000],{},[3784,79998,79999],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[167,80002,80003,80006],{},[3784,80004,80005],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80008,3746],{},[52,80010,80011],{"className":54,"code":79956,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,80012,80013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80014,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80016,39888],{"class":89},[61,80018,94],{"class":93},[61,80020,37888],{"class":102},[61,80022,106],{"class":93},[61,80024,37893],{"class":102},[61,80026,258],{"class":93},[20,80028,80029],{},"You can pass:",[164,80031,80032,80041,80044],{},[167,80033,80034,80035,186,80037,283,80039],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80036,185],{},[15,80038,189],{},[15,80040,2073],{},[167,80042,80043],{},"your own custom function",[167,80045,80046],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80048,80049],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80051,80052,80053,80055],{},"You will often see ",[15,80054,39745],{}," used like this:",[52,80057,80059],{"className":54,"code":80058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80060,80061],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80062,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80064,192],{"class":109},[61,80066,94],{"class":93},[61,80068,39888],{"class":89},[61,80070,94],{"class":93},[61,80072,37888],{"class":102},[61,80074,106],{"class":93},[61,80076,3927],{"class":102},[61,80078,342],{"class":93},[20,80080,6711,80081,80083],{},[15,80082,24809],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[47,80085,359],{"id":358},[20,80087,80088],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[52,80090,80092],{"className":54,"code":80091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80093,80094,80114,80132,80136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80095,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80097,3661],{"class":67},[61,80099,72],{"class":71},[61,80101,1088],{"class":93},[61,80103,2379],{"class":75},[61,80105,106],{"class":93},[61,80107,7825],{"class":75},[61,80109,106],{"class":93},[61,80111,7830],{"class":75},[61,80113,1115],{"class":93},[61,80115,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,80117,1593],{"class":67},[61,80119,72],{"class":71},[61,80121,79848],{"class":89},[61,80123,94],{"class":93},[61,80125,185],{"class":109},[61,80127,106],{"class":93},[61,80129,4303],{"class":102},[61,80131,258],{"class":93},[61,80133,80134],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,80135,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80137,80138,80140,80142,80144,80146,80148],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,80139,90],{"class":89},[61,80141,94],{"class":93},[61,80143,192],{"class":109},[61,80145,94],{"class":93},[61,80147,1620],{"class":102},[61,80149,342],{"class":93},[20,80151,345],{},[52,80153,80155],{"className":54,"code":80154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80156,80157],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80158,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80160,1356],{"class":93},[61,80162,3348],{"class":310},[61,80164,2379],{"class":314},[61,80166,3348],{"class":310},[61,80168,106],{"class":93},[61,80170,3343],{"class":310},[61,80172,15782],{"class":314},[61,80174,3348],{"class":310},[61,80176,106],{"class":93},[61,80178,3343],{"class":310},[61,80180,36869],{"class":314},[61,80182,3348],{"class":310},[61,80184,1115],{"class":93},[20,80186,11710],{},[164,80188,80189,80194,80202,80210,80218],{},[167,80190,80191,80193],{},[15,80192,3691],{}," contains integers",[167,80195,80196,80199,80200],{},[15,80197,80198],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80201,47696],{},[167,80203,80204,42178,80207],{},[15,80205,80206],{},"str(10)",[15,80208,80209],{},"'10'",[167,80211,80212,42178,80215],{},[15,80213,80214],{},"str(20)",[15,80216,80217],{},"'20'",[167,80219,80220,42178,80223],{},[15,80221,80222],{},"str(30)",[15,80224,80225],{},"'30'",[20,80227,53476,80228,80230,80231,80233],{},[15,80229,39745],{}," applies ",[15,80232,47696],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80235,80236,80237,80239,80240,229],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80238,24809],{}," better, see ",[221,80241,13,80242,1947],{"href":64673},[15,80243,24809],{},[47,80245,8449,80247,80249],{"id":80246},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80248,39745],{}," with your own function",[20,80251,15742,80252,80254],{},[15,80253,39745],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[52,80256,80258],{"className":54,"code":80257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80259,80260,80273,80283,80287,80311,80330,80334],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80261,80262,80264,80267,80269,80271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80263,883],{"class":882},[61,80265,80266],{"class":886}," double",[61,80268,94],{"class":93},[61,80270,2228],{"class":892},[61,80272,900],{"class":93},[61,80274,80275,80277,80279,80281],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,80276,981],{"class":672},[61,80278,3921],{"class":67},[61,80280,987],{"class":71},[61,80282,45604],{"class":75},[61,80284,80285],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,80286,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80288,80289,80291,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,80290,3661],{"class":67},[61,80292,72],{"class":71},[61,80294,1088],{"class":93},[61,80296,3035],{"class":75},[61,80298,106],{"class":93},[61,80300,3040],{"class":75},[61,80302,106],{"class":93},[61,80304,1020],{"class":75},[61,80306,106],{"class":93},[61,80308,2505],{"class":75},[61,80310,1115],{"class":93},[61,80312,80313,80315,80317,80319,80321,80324,80326,80328],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,80314,1593],{"class":67},[61,80316,72],{"class":71},[61,80318,79848],{"class":89},[61,80320,94],{"class":93},[61,80322,80323],{"class":102},"double",[61,80325,106],{"class":93},[61,80327,4303],{"class":102},[61,80329,258],{"class":93},[61,80331,80332],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,80333,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80335,80336,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,80337,90],{"class":89},[61,80339,94],{"class":93},[61,80341,192],{"class":109},[61,80343,94],{"class":93},[61,80345,1620],{"class":102},[61,80347,342],{"class":93},[20,80349,345],{},[52,80351,80352],{"className":54,"code":39913,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,80353,80354],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80355,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364,80366,80368,80370,80372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80357,1356],{"class":93},[61,80359,2113],{"class":75},[61,80361,106],{"class":93},[61,80363,2505],{"class":75},[61,80365,106],{"class":93},[61,80367,37672],{"class":75},[61,80369,106],{"class":93},[61,80371,6399],{"class":75},[61,80373,1115],{"class":93},[20,80375,65410],{},[164,80377,80378,80385,80391],{},[167,80379,80380,80382,80383],{},[15,80381,39745],{}," takes the function ",[15,80384,80323],{},[167,80386,80387,80388,80390],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80389,3691],{}," into that function",[167,80392,80393],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80395,80396],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[164,80398,80399,80406,80413,80421],{},[167,80400,80401,6111,80404],{},[15,80402,80403],{},"double(1)",[15,80405,2113],{},[167,80407,80408,6111,80411],{},[15,80409,80410],{},"double(2)",[15,80412,2552],{},[167,80414,80415,6111,80418],{},[15,80416,80417],{},"double(3)",[15,80419,80420],{},"6",[167,80422,80423,6111,80426],{},[15,80424,80425],{},"double(4)",[15,80427,2394],{},[47,80429,8449,80431,80433],{"id":80430},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80432,39745],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80435,80436,80438],{},[15,80437,39745],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80440,80441],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80443,295],{},[52,80445,80447],{"className":54,"code":80446,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80448,80449,80466,80476,80480,80501,80522,80526,80551,80555],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80450,80451,80453,80456,80458,80460,80462,80464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80452,883],{"class":882},[61,80454,80455],{"class":886}," add_numbers",[61,80457,94],{"class":93},[61,80459,221],{"class":892},[61,80461,106],{"class":93},[61,80463,2607],{"class":892},[61,80465,900],{"class":93},[61,80467,80468,80470,80472,80474],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,80469,981],{"class":672},[61,80471,1202],{"class":67},[61,80473,2116],{"class":71},[61,80475,36209],{"class":67},[61,80477,80478],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,80479,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80481,80482,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,80483,80484],{"class":67},"list1 ",[61,80486,72],{"class":71},[61,80488,1088],{"class":93},[61,80490,3035],{"class":75},[61,80492,106],{"class":93},[61,80494,3040],{"class":75},[61,80496,106],{"class":93},[61,80498,1020],{"class":75},[61,80500,1115],{"class":93},[61,80502,80503,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,80504,80505],{"class":67},"list2 ",[61,80507,72],{"class":71},[61,80509,1088],{"class":93},[61,80511,2379],{"class":75},[61,80513,106],{"class":93},[61,80515,7825],{"class":75},[61,80517,106],{"class":93},[61,80519,7830],{"class":75},[61,80521,1115],{"class":93},[61,80523,80524],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,80525,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80527,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536,80539,80541,80544,80546,80549],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,80529,1593],{"class":67},[61,80531,72],{"class":71},[61,80533,79848],{"class":89},[61,80535,94],{"class":93},[61,80537,80538],{"class":102},"add_numbers",[61,80540,106],{"class":93},[61,80542,80543],{"class":102}," list1",[61,80545,106],{"class":93},[61,80547,80548],{"class":102}," list2",[61,80550,258],{"class":93},[61,80552,80553],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,80554,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80556,80557,80559,80561,80563,80565,80567],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,80558,90],{"class":89},[61,80560,94],{"class":93},[61,80562,192],{"class":109},[61,80564,94],{"class":93},[61,80566,1620],{"class":102},[61,80568,342],{"class":93},[20,80570,345],{},[52,80572,80574],{"className":54,"code":80573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80575,80576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80577,80578,80580,80583,80585,80588,80590,80593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80579,1356],{"class":93},[61,80581,80582],{"class":75},"11",[61,80584,106],{"class":93},[61,80586,80587],{"class":75}," 22",[61,80589,106],{"class":93},[61,80591,80592],{"class":75}," 33",[61,80594,1115],{"class":93},[20,80596,2233],{},[164,80598,80599,80605,80611],{},[167,80600,80601,80602],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80603,80604],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[167,80606,80607,80608],{},"then ",[15,80609,80610],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[167,80612,80607,80613],{},[15,80614,80615],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[260,80617,80619,80621],{"id":80618},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80620,39745],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80623,80624,80625,80627],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80626,39745],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[52,80629,80631],{"className":54,"code":80630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80632,80633,80649,80659,80663,80687,80703,80707,80729,80733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80634,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80636,883],{"class":882},[61,80638,80455],{"class":886},[61,80640,94],{"class":93},[61,80642,221],{"class":892},[61,80644,106],{"class":93},[61,80646,2607],{"class":892},[61,80648,900],{"class":93},[61,80650,80651,80653,80655,80657],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,80652,981],{"class":672},[61,80654,1202],{"class":67},[61,80656,2116],{"class":71},[61,80658,36209],{"class":67},[61,80660,80661],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,80662,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80664,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,80666,80484],{"class":67},[61,80668,72],{"class":71},[61,80670,1088],{"class":93},[61,80672,3035],{"class":75},[61,80674,106],{"class":93},[61,80676,3040],{"class":75},[61,80678,106],{"class":93},[61,80680,1020],{"class":75},[61,80682,106],{"class":93},[61,80684,2505],{"class":75},[61,80686,1115],{"class":93},[61,80688,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,80690,80505],{"class":67},[61,80692,72],{"class":71},[61,80694,1088],{"class":93},[61,80696,2379],{"class":75},[61,80698,106],{"class":93},[61,80700,7825],{"class":75},[61,80702,1115],{"class":93},[61,80704,80705],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,80706,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80708,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,80710,1593],{"class":67},[61,80712,72],{"class":71},[61,80714,79848],{"class":89},[61,80716,94],{"class":93},[61,80718,80538],{"class":102},[61,80720,106],{"class":93},[61,80722,80543],{"class":102},[61,80724,106],{"class":93},[61,80726,80548],{"class":102},[61,80728,258],{"class":93},[61,80730,80731],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,80732,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80734,80735,80737,80739,80741,80743,80745],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,80736,90],{"class":89},[61,80738,94],{"class":93},[61,80740,192],{"class":109},[61,80742,94],{"class":93},[61,80744,1620],{"class":102},[61,80746,342],{"class":93},[20,80748,345],{},[52,80750,80752],{"className":54,"code":80751,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80753,80754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80755,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80757,1356],{"class":93},[61,80759,80582],{"class":75},[61,80761,106],{"class":93},[61,80763,80587],{"class":75},[61,80765,1115],{"class":93},[20,80767,80768,80769,80772],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80770,80771],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[47,80774,80776,80778],{"id":80775},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80777,39745],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80780,38051,80781,80783],{},[15,80782,39745],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80785,80786,80787,80790],{},"This object is ",[3784,80788,80789],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[260,80792,2536,80794,80796],{"id":80793},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80795,33056],{}," looks strange",[20,80798,33672],{},[52,80800,80802],{"className":54,"code":80801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80803,80804,80824,80842,80846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80805,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80807,3661],{"class":67},[61,80809,72],{"class":71},[61,80811,1088],{"class":93},[61,80813,3035],{"class":75},[61,80815,106],{"class":93},[61,80817,3040],{"class":75},[61,80819,106],{"class":93},[61,80821,1020],{"class":75},[61,80823,1115],{"class":93},[61,80825,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,80827,1593],{"class":67},[61,80829,72],{"class":71},[61,80831,79848],{"class":89},[61,80833,94],{"class":93},[61,80835,185],{"class":109},[61,80837,106],{"class":93},[61,80839,4303],{"class":102},[61,80841,258],{"class":93},[61,80843,80844],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,80845,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80847,80848,80850,80852,80854],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,80849,90],{"class":89},[61,80851,94],{"class":93},[61,80853,1620],{"class":102},[61,80855,258],{"class":93},[20,80857,80858],{},"Output will look something like this:",[52,80860,80862],{"className":54,"code":80861,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80863,80864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80865,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80867,3337],{"class":71},[61,80869,39888],{"class":89},[61,80871,24645],{"class":109},[61,80873,37392],{"class":67},[61,80875,37396],{"class":37395},[61,80877,37399],{"class":34483},[61,80879,3351],{"class":71},[20,80881,80882],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80884,80885],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[52,80887,80889],{"className":54,"code":80888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80890,80891,80911,80929,80933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80892,80893,80895,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80894,3661],{"class":67},[61,80896,72],{"class":71},[61,80898,1088],{"class":93},[61,80900,3035],{"class":75},[61,80902,106],{"class":93},[61,80904,3040],{"class":75},[61,80906,106],{"class":93},[61,80908,1020],{"class":75},[61,80910,1115],{"class":93},[61,80912,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,80914,1593],{"class":67},[61,80916,72],{"class":71},[61,80918,79848],{"class":89},[61,80920,94],{"class":93},[61,80922,185],{"class":109},[61,80924,106],{"class":93},[61,80926,4303],{"class":102},[61,80928,258],{"class":93},[61,80930,80931],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,80932,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,80934,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,80936,90],{"class":89},[61,80938,94],{"class":93},[61,80940,192],{"class":109},[61,80942,94],{"class":93},[61,80944,1620],{"class":102},[61,80946,342],{"class":93},[20,80948,345],{},[52,80950,80952],{"className":54,"code":80951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80953,80954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80955,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80957,1356],{"class":93},[61,80959,3348],{"class":310},[61,80961,3035],{"class":314},[61,80963,3348],{"class":310},[61,80965,106],{"class":93},[61,80967,3343],{"class":310},[61,80969,2113],{"class":314},[61,80971,3348],{"class":310},[61,80973,106],{"class":93},[61,80975,3343],{"class":310},[61,80977,1046],{"class":314},[61,80979,3348],{"class":310},[61,80981,1115],{"class":93},[260,80983,80985],{"id":80984},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[52,80987,80989],{"className":54,"code":80988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80990,80991,81011,81029,81033,81046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80992,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80994,3661],{"class":67},[61,80996,72],{"class":71},[61,80998,1088],{"class":93},[61,81000,3035],{"class":75},[61,81002,106],{"class":93},[61,81004,3040],{"class":75},[61,81006,106],{"class":93},[61,81008,1020],{"class":75},[61,81010,1115],{"class":93},[61,81012,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81014,1593],{"class":67},[61,81016,72],{"class":71},[61,81018,79848],{"class":89},[61,81020,94],{"class":93},[61,81022,185],{"class":109},[61,81024,106],{"class":93},[61,81026,4303],{"class":102},[61,81028,258],{"class":93},[61,81030,81031],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81032,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81034,81035,81037,81039,81041,81044],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,81036,5996],{"class":672},[61,81038,5999],{"class":67},[61,81040,3924],{"class":672},[61,81042,81043],{"class":67}," result",[61,81045,6433],{"class":93},[61,81047,81048,81050,81052,81054],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,81049,1141],{"class":89},[61,81051,94],{"class":93},[61,81053,23338],{"class":102},[61,81055,258],{"class":93},[20,81057,345],{},[52,81059,81061],{"className":54,"code":81060,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81062,81063,81067,81071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81064,81065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81066,46930],{"class":75},[61,81068,81069],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81070,17083],{"class":75},[61,81072,81073],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81074,46630],{"class":75},[260,81076,81078],{"id":81077},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81080,81081],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[52,81083,81085],{"className":54,"code":81084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81086,81087,81107,81125,81129,81143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81088,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81090,3661],{"class":67},[61,81092,72],{"class":71},[61,81094,1088],{"class":93},[61,81096,3035],{"class":75},[61,81098,106],{"class":93},[61,81100,3040],{"class":75},[61,81102,106],{"class":93},[61,81104,1020],{"class":75},[61,81106,1115],{"class":93},[61,81108,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81110,1593],{"class":67},[61,81112,72],{"class":71},[61,81114,79848],{"class":89},[61,81116,94],{"class":93},[61,81118,185],{"class":109},[61,81120,106],{"class":93},[61,81122,4303],{"class":102},[61,81124,258],{"class":93},[61,81126,81127],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81128,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81130,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,81132,90],{"class":89},[61,81134,94],{"class":93},[61,81136,192],{"class":109},[61,81138,94],{"class":93},[61,81140,1620],{"class":102},[61,81142,342],{"class":93},[61,81144,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,81146,90],{"class":89},[61,81148,94],{"class":93},[61,81150,192],{"class":109},[61,81152,94],{"class":93},[61,81154,1620],{"class":102},[61,81156,342],{"class":93},[20,81158,345],{},[52,81160,81162],{"className":54,"code":81161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81163,81164,81192],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81165,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81167,1356],{"class":93},[61,81169,3348],{"class":310},[61,81171,3035],{"class":314},[61,81173,3348],{"class":310},[61,81175,106],{"class":93},[61,81177,3343],{"class":310},[61,81179,2113],{"class":314},[61,81181,3348],{"class":310},[61,81183,106],{"class":93},[61,81185,3343],{"class":310},[61,81187,1046],{"class":314},[61,81189,3348],{"class":310},[61,81191,1115],{"class":93},[61,81193,81194],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81195,38325],{"class":93},[20,81197,81198],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81200,81201],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[52,81203,81205],{"className":54,"code":81204,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81206,81207,81227,81249,81253,81263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81208,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81210,3661],{"class":67},[61,81212,72],{"class":71},[61,81214,1088],{"class":93},[61,81216,3035],{"class":75},[61,81218,106],{"class":93},[61,81220,3040],{"class":75},[61,81222,106],{"class":93},[61,81224,1020],{"class":75},[61,81226,1115],{"class":93},[61,81228,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81230,1593],{"class":67},[61,81232,72],{"class":71},[61,81234,605],{"class":109},[61,81236,94],{"class":93},[61,81238,39888],{"class":89},[61,81240,94],{"class":93},[61,81242,185],{"class":109},[61,81244,106],{"class":93},[61,81246,4303],{"class":102},[61,81248,342],{"class":93},[61,81250,81251],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81252,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81254,81255,81257,81259,81261],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,81256,90],{"class":89},[61,81258,94],{"class":93},[61,81260,1620],{"class":102},[61,81262,258],{"class":93},[61,81264,81265,81267,81269,81271],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,81266,90],{"class":89},[61,81268,94],{"class":93},[61,81270,1620],{"class":102},[61,81272,258],{"class":93},[20,81274,345],{},[52,81276,81278],{"className":54,"code":81277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81279,81280,81308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81283,1356],{"class":93},[61,81285,3348],{"class":310},[61,81287,3035],{"class":314},[61,81289,3348],{"class":310},[61,81291,106],{"class":93},[61,81293,3343],{"class":310},[61,81295,2113],{"class":314},[61,81297,3348],{"class":310},[61,81299,106],{"class":93},[61,81301,3343],{"class":310},[61,81303,1046],{"class":314},[61,81305,3348],{"class":310},[61,81307,1115],{"class":93},[61,81309,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81311,1356],{"class":93},[61,81313,3348],{"class":310},[61,81315,3035],{"class":314},[61,81317,3348],{"class":310},[61,81319,106],{"class":93},[61,81321,3343],{"class":310},[61,81323,2113],{"class":314},[61,81325,3348],{"class":310},[61,81327,106],{"class":93},[61,81329,3343],{"class":310},[61,81331,1046],{"class":314},[61,81333,3348],{"class":310},[61,81335,1115],{"class":93},[47,81337,5001,81339],{"id":81338},"when-to-use-map",[15,81340,39745],{},[20,81342,81343,81345],{},[15,81344,39745],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81347,81348],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[164,81350,81351,81355,81359],{},[167,81352,81353],{},[15,81354,185],{},[167,81356,81357],{},[15,81358,189],{},[167,81360,81361],{},[15,81362,2073],{},[20,81364,295],{},[52,81366,81368],{"className":54,"code":81367,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81369,81370,81402,81424,81428],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81371,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81373,3865],{"class":67},[61,81375,72],{"class":71},[61,81377,1088],{"class":93},[61,81379,3348],{"class":310},[61,81381,3035],{"class":314},[61,81383,3348],{"class":310},[61,81385,106],{"class":93},[61,81387,3343],{"class":310},[61,81389,2113],{"class":314},[61,81391,3348],{"class":310},[61,81393,106],{"class":93},[61,81395,3343],{"class":310},[61,81397,1046],{"class":314},[61,81399,3348],{"class":310},[61,81401,1115],{"class":93},[61,81403,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81405,3661],{"class":67},[61,81407,72],{"class":71},[61,81409,605],{"class":109},[61,81411,94],{"class":93},[61,81413,39888],{"class":89},[61,81415,94],{"class":93},[61,81417,189],{"class":109},[61,81419,106],{"class":93},[61,81421,3927],{"class":102},[61,81423,342],{"class":93},[61,81425,81426],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81427,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81429,81430,81432,81434,81436],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,81431,90],{"class":89},[61,81433,94],{"class":93},[61,81435,3691],{"class":102},[61,81437,258],{"class":93},[20,81439,345],{},[52,81441,81442],{"className":54,"code":54973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,81443,81444],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81445,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81447,1356],{"class":93},[61,81449,3035],{"class":75},[61,81451,106],{"class":93},[61,81453,3040],{"class":75},[61,81455,106],{"class":93},[61,81457,1020],{"class":75},[61,81459,1115],{"class":93},[20,81461,81462],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81464,81465],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[52,81467,81469],{"className":54,"code":81468,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81470,81471,81491,81513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81472,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81474,3661],{"class":67},[61,81476,72],{"class":71},[61,81478,1088],{"class":93},[61,81480,3035],{"class":75},[61,81482,106],{"class":93},[61,81484,3040],{"class":75},[61,81486,106],{"class":93},[61,81488,1020],{"class":75},[61,81490,1115],{"class":93},[61,81492,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81494,1593],{"class":67},[61,81496,72],{"class":71},[61,81498,605],{"class":109},[61,81500,94],{"class":93},[61,81502,39888],{"class":89},[61,81504,94],{"class":93},[61,81506,185],{"class":109},[61,81508,106],{"class":93},[61,81510,4303],{"class":102},[61,81512,342],{"class":93},[61,81514,81515,81517,81519,81521],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81516,90],{"class":89},[61,81518,94],{"class":93},[61,81520,1620],{"class":102},[61,81522,258],{"class":93},[52,81524,81526],{"className":54,"code":81525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81527,81528,81548,81575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81529,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81531,3661],{"class":67},[61,81533,72],{"class":71},[61,81535,1088],{"class":93},[61,81537,3035],{"class":75},[61,81539,106],{"class":93},[61,81541,3040],{"class":75},[61,81543,106],{"class":93},[61,81545,1020],{"class":75},[61,81547,1115],{"class":93},[61,81549,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81569,81571,81573],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81551,1593],{"class":67},[61,81553,72],{"class":71},[61,81555,1088],{"class":93},[61,81557,185],{"class":109},[61,81559,94],{"class":93},[61,81561,75856],{"class":102},[61,81563,664],{"class":93},[61,81565,3918],{"class":672},[61,81567,81568],{"class":67}," n ",[61,81570,3924],{"class":672},[61,81572,4303],{"class":67},[61,81574,1115],{"class":93},[61,81576,81577,81579,81581,81583],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81578,90],{"class":89},[61,81580,94],{"class":93},[61,81582,1620],{"class":102},[61,81584,258],{"class":93},[20,81586,81587],{},"Both produce:",[52,81589,81590],{"className":54,"code":80951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,81591,81592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81593,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81595,1356],{"class":93},[61,81597,3348],{"class":310},[61,81599,3035],{"class":314},[61,81601,3348],{"class":310},[61,81603,106],{"class":93},[61,81605,3343],{"class":310},[61,81607,2113],{"class":314},[61,81609,3348],{"class":310},[61,81611,106],{"class":93},[61,81613,3343],{"class":310},[61,81615,1046],{"class":314},[61,81617,3348],{"class":310},[61,81619,1115],{"class":93},[20,81621,81622],{},"A simple rule:",[164,81624,81625,81630,81635],{},[167,81626,851,81627,81629],{},[15,81628,39745],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[167,81631,40023,81632,81634],{},[15,81633,5996],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[167,81636,81637],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81639,81640,81641,229],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[221,81642,4433],{"href":4432},[47,81644,1387],{"id":1386},[260,81646,81648,81649],{"id":81647},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81650,24809],{},[20,81652,81653],{},"This is very common:",[52,81655,81656],{"className":54,"code":80801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,81657,81658,81678,81696,81700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81659,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81661,3661],{"class":67},[61,81663,72],{"class":71},[61,81665,1088],{"class":93},[61,81667,3035],{"class":75},[61,81669,106],{"class":93},[61,81671,3040],{"class":75},[61,81673,106],{"class":93},[61,81675,1020],{"class":75},[61,81677,1115],{"class":93},[61,81679,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81681,1593],{"class":67},[61,81683,72],{"class":71},[61,81685,79848],{"class":89},[61,81687,94],{"class":93},[61,81689,185],{"class":109},[61,81691,106],{"class":93},[61,81693,4303],{"class":102},[61,81695,258],{"class":93},[61,81697,81698],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81699,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81701,81702,81704,81706,81708],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,81703,90],{"class":89},[61,81705,94],{"class":93},[61,81707,1620],{"class":102},[61,81709,258],{"class":93},[20,81711,81712],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81714,39290],{},[52,81716,81718],{"className":54,"code":81717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81719,81720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81721,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81723,90],{"class":89},[61,81725,94],{"class":93},[61,81727,192],{"class":109},[61,81729,94],{"class":93},[61,81731,1620],{"class":102},[61,81733,342],{"class":93},[260,81735,81737],{"id":81736},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81739,1400],{},[52,81741,81743],{"className":54,"code":81742,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81744,81745,81765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81746,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81748,3661],{"class":67},[61,81750,72],{"class":71},[61,81752,1088],{"class":93},[61,81754,3035],{"class":75},[61,81756,106],{"class":93},[61,81758,3040],{"class":75},[61,81760,106],{"class":93},[61,81762,1020],{"class":75},[61,81764,1115],{"class":93},[61,81766,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81780,81782],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81768,1593],{"class":67},[61,81770,72],{"class":71},[61,81772,79848],{"class":89},[61,81774,94],{"class":93},[61,81776,185],{"class":109},[61,81778,81779],{"class":93},"(),",[61,81781,4303],{"class":102},[61,81783,258],{"class":93},[20,81785,81786,81787,81789,81790,81792],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81788,47696],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81791,39745],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81794,1443],{},[52,81796,81797],{"className":54,"code":80888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,81798,81799,81819,81837,81841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81800,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81802,3661],{"class":67},[61,81804,72],{"class":71},[61,81806,1088],{"class":93},[61,81808,3035],{"class":75},[61,81810,106],{"class":93},[61,81812,3040],{"class":75},[61,81814,106],{"class":93},[61,81816,1020],{"class":75},[61,81818,1115],{"class":93},[61,81820,81821,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831,81833,81835],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81822,1593],{"class":67},[61,81824,72],{"class":71},[61,81826,79848],{"class":89},[61,81828,94],{"class":93},[61,81830,185],{"class":109},[61,81832,106],{"class":93},[61,81834,4303],{"class":102},[61,81836,258],{"class":93},[61,81838,81839],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81840,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81842,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,81844,90],{"class":89},[61,81846,94],{"class":93},[61,81848,192],{"class":109},[61,81850,94],{"class":93},[61,81852,1620],{"class":102},[61,81854,342],{"class":93},[260,81856,81858],{"id":81857},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81860,81861],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81863,1400],{},[52,81865,81867],{"className":54,"code":81866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81868,81869,81886,81896,81900,81920,81939,81943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81870,81871,81873,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81872,883],{"class":882},[61,81874,81875],{"class":886}," add",[61,81877,94],{"class":93},[61,81879,221],{"class":892},[61,81881,106],{"class":93},[61,81883,2607],{"class":892},[61,81885,900],{"class":93},[61,81887,81888,81890,81892,81894],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81889,981],{"class":672},[61,81891,1202],{"class":67},[61,81893,2116],{"class":71},[61,81895,36209],{"class":67},[61,81897,81898],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81899,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81901,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,81903,3661],{"class":67},[61,81905,72],{"class":71},[61,81907,1088],{"class":93},[61,81909,3035],{"class":75},[61,81911,106],{"class":93},[61,81913,3040],{"class":75},[61,81915,106],{"class":93},[61,81917,1020],{"class":75},[61,81919,1115],{"class":93},[61,81921,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930,81933,81935,81937],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,81923,1593],{"class":67},[61,81925,72],{"class":71},[61,81927,79848],{"class":89},[61,81929,94],{"class":93},[61,81931,81932],{"class":102},"add",[61,81934,106],{"class":93},[61,81936,4303],{"class":102},[61,81938,258],{"class":93},[61,81940,81941],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,81942,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81944,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,81946,90],{"class":89},[61,81948,94],{"class":93},[61,81950,192],{"class":109},[61,81952,94],{"class":93},[61,81954,1620],{"class":102},[61,81956,342],{"class":93},[20,81958,1443],{},[52,81960,81962],{"className":54,"code":81961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81963,81964,81980,81990,81994,82014,82034,82056,82060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81965,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81967,883],{"class":882},[61,81969,81875],{"class":886},[61,81971,94],{"class":93},[61,81973,221],{"class":892},[61,81975,106],{"class":93},[61,81977,2607],{"class":892},[61,81979,900],{"class":93},[61,81981,81982,81984,81986,81988],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,81983,981],{"class":672},[61,81985,1202],{"class":67},[61,81987,2116],{"class":71},[61,81989,36209],{"class":67},[61,81991,81992],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,81993,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,81995,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,81997,80484],{"class":67},[61,81999,72],{"class":71},[61,82001,1088],{"class":93},[61,82003,3035],{"class":75},[61,82005,106],{"class":93},[61,82007,3040],{"class":75},[61,82009,106],{"class":93},[61,82011,1020],{"class":75},[61,82013,1115],{"class":93},[61,82015,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,82017,80505],{"class":67},[61,82019,72],{"class":71},[61,82021,1088],{"class":93},[61,82023,2379],{"class":75},[61,82025,106],{"class":93},[61,82027,7825],{"class":75},[61,82029,106],{"class":93},[61,82031,7830],{"class":75},[61,82033,1115],{"class":93},[61,82035,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,82037,1593],{"class":67},[61,82039,72],{"class":71},[61,82041,79848],{"class":89},[61,82043,94],{"class":93},[61,82045,81932],{"class":102},[61,82047,106],{"class":93},[61,82049,80543],{"class":102},[61,82051,106],{"class":93},[61,82053,80548],{"class":102},[61,82055,258],{"class":93},[61,82057,82058],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,82059,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,82061,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,82063,90],{"class":89},[61,82065,94],{"class":93},[61,82067,192],{"class":109},[61,82069,94],{"class":93},[61,82071,1620],{"class":102},[61,82073,342],{"class":93},[260,82075,82077],{"id":82076},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82079,1400],{},[52,82081,82082],{"className":54,"code":81084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,82083,82084,82104,82122,82126,82140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82085,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82087,3661],{"class":67},[61,82089,72],{"class":71},[61,82091,1088],{"class":93},[61,82093,3035],{"class":75},[61,82095,106],{"class":93},[61,82097,3040],{"class":75},[61,82099,106],{"class":93},[61,82101,1020],{"class":75},[61,82103,1115],{"class":93},[61,82105,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114,82116,82118,82120],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,82107,1593],{"class":67},[61,82109,72],{"class":71},[61,82111,79848],{"class":89},[61,82113,94],{"class":93},[61,82115,185],{"class":109},[61,82117,106],{"class":93},[61,82119,4303],{"class":102},[61,82121,258],{"class":93},[61,82123,82124],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,82125,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,82127,82128,82130,82132,82134,82136,82138],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,82129,90],{"class":89},[61,82131,94],{"class":93},[61,82133,192],{"class":109},[61,82135,94],{"class":93},[61,82137,1620],{"class":102},[61,82139,342],{"class":93},[61,82141,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,82143,90],{"class":89},[61,82145,94],{"class":93},[61,82147,192],{"class":109},[61,82149,94],{"class":93},[61,82151,1620],{"class":102},[61,82153,342],{"class":93},[20,82155,82156],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82158,82159],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[47,82161,67721],{"id":67720},[20,82163,8908,82164,82166],{},[15,82165,39745],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,82168,82170],{"className":54,"code":82169,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82171,82172,82182,82196,82210,82222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82173,82174,82176,82178,82180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82175,90],{"class":89},[61,82177,94],{"class":93},[61,82179,1620],{"class":102},[61,82181,258],{"class":93},[61,82183,82184,82186,82188,82190,82192,82194],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,82185,90],{"class":89},[61,82187,94],{"class":93},[61,82189,192],{"class":109},[61,82191,94],{"class":93},[61,82193,1620],{"class":102},[61,82195,342],{"class":93},[61,82197,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,82199,90],{"class":89},[61,82201,94],{"class":93},[61,82203,657],{"class":109},[61,82205,94],{"class":93},[61,82207,1620],{"class":102},[61,82209,342],{"class":93},[61,82211,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,82213,5996],{"class":672},[61,82215,5999],{"class":67},[61,82217,3924],{"class":672},[61,82219,81043],{"class":67},[61,82221,6433],{"class":93},[61,82223,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,82225,1141],{"class":89},[61,82227,94],{"class":93},[61,82229,23338],{"class":102},[61,82231,258],{"class":93},[20,82233,12699],{},[164,82235,82236,82241,82246,82252],{},[167,82237,82238,82240],{},[15,82239,33056],{}," shows that you have a map object",[167,82242,82243,82245],{},[15,82244,33064],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[167,82247,82248,82251],{},[15,82249,82250],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[167,82253,82254,82255,82257],{},"looping over ",[15,82256,1620],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82259,82260,82261,82264,82265,82267],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82262,82263],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82266,5996],{}," loop consume the map object.",[47,82269,1879],{"id":1878},[260,82271,1928,82273,82275],{"id":82272},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82274,39745],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82277,82278,82279,82281,82282,23966],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82280,39745],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82283,82284],{},"list(map(...))",[260,82286,14930,82288,82290,82291,82293],{"id":82287},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82289,39745],{}," better than a ",[15,82292,5996],{}," loop?",[20,82295,82296,82297,82299,82300,82302],{},"Not always. ",[15,82298,39745],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82301,5996],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[260,82304,1898,82306,82308],{"id":82305},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82307,39745],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82310,82311],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[260,82313,82315],{"id":82314},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82317,82318],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[47,82320,1938],{"id":1937},[164,82322,82323,82329,82335,82339,82343],{},[167,82324,82325],{},[221,82326,13,82327,1947],{"href":40112},[15,82328,37604],{},[167,82330,82331],{},[221,82332,13,82333,1947],{"href":64673},[15,82334,24809],{},[167,82336,82337],{},[221,82338,5258],{"href":5172},[167,82340,82341],{},[221,82342,5263],{"href":4432},[167,82344,82345],{},[221,82346,5253],{"href":5176},[1969,82348,82349],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":82351},[82352,82353,82355,82356,82357,82359,82364,82371,82373,82380,82381,82390],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":79927,"depth":79,"text":82354},"What map() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":80246,"depth":79,"text":82358},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80430,"depth":79,"text":82360,"children":82361},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82362],{"id":80618,"depth":86,"text":82363},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80775,"depth":79,"text":82365,"children":82366},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82367,82369,82370],{"id":80793,"depth":86,"text":82368},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80984,"depth":86,"text":80985},{"id":81077,"depth":86,"text":81078},{"id":81338,"depth":79,"text":82372},"When to use map()",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":82374},[82375,82377,82378,82379],{"id":81647,"depth":86,"text":82376},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81736,"depth":86,"text":81737},{"id":81857,"depth":86,"text":81858},{"id":82076,"depth":86,"text":82077},{"id":67720,"depth":79,"text":67721},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":82382},[82383,82385,82387,82389],{"id":82272,"depth":86,"text":82384},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82287,"depth":86,"text":82386},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82305,"depth":86,"text":82388},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82314,"depth":86,"text":82315},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79759,"description":82391},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82398,"title":82399,"body":82400,"description":84420,"extension":2017,"meta":84421,"navigation":82,"path":84422,"seo":84423,"stem":84424,"__hash__":84425},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82401,"toc":84378},[82402,82408,82413,82416,82424,82427,82429,82553,82555,82573,82575,82595,82600,82604,82618,82621,82624,82626,82631,82743,82746,82764,82770,82773,82835,82837,82846,82849,82863,82865,82913,82915,82924,82934,82940,82943,82970,82972,82980,82983,82986,83056,83058,83066,83069,83074,83079,83130,83132,83140,83143,83145,83162,83164,83216,83219,83225,83229,83234,83237,83241,83300,83302,83311,83317,83326,83330,83393,83395,83403,83408,83412,83417,83497,83499,83508,83515,83520,83525,83528,83563,83565,83573,83576,83582,83584,83634,83636,83645,83648,83666,83668,83673,83679,83686,83713,83715,83738,83743,83778,83783,83789,83794,83837,83840,83843,83882,83889,83895,83900,83915,83919,83926,83929,83933,83938,83942,83947,83949,84010,84012,84041,84046,84053,84062,84064,84067,84092,84094,84197,84200,84218,84227,84229,84234,84237,84243,84246,84248,84258,84264,84268,84326,84333,84341,84343,84375],[10,82403,13,82405,18],{"id":82404},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82406,82407],{},"max()",[20,82409,9156,82410,82412],{},[15,82411,82407],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82414,82415],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[164,82417,82418,82421],{},[167,82419,82420],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[167,82422,82423],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82425,82426],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[47,82428,2059],{"id":2058},[52,82430,82432],{"className":54,"code":82431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82433,82434,82458,82473,82477,82503,82507,82539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82435,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452,82454,82456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82437,3661],{"class":67},[61,82439,72],{"class":71},[61,82441,1088],{"class":93},[61,82443,1046],{"class":75},[61,82445,106],{"class":93},[61,82447,6399],{"class":75},[61,82449,106],{"class":93},[61,82451,3040],{"class":75},[61,82453,106],{"class":93},[61,82455,4644],{"class":75},[61,82457,1115],{"class":93},[61,82459,82460,82462,82464,82467,82469,82471],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,82461,90],{"class":89},[61,82463,94],{"class":93},[61,82465,82466],{"class":89},"max",[61,82468,94],{"class":93},[61,82470,3691],{"class":102},[61,82472,342],{"class":93},[61,82474,82475],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,82476,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,82478,82479,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,82480,90],{"class":89},[61,82482,94],{"class":93},[61,82484,82466],{"class":89},[61,82486,94],{"class":93},[61,82488,1046],{"class":75},[61,82490,106],{"class":93},[61,82492,6399],{"class":75},[61,82494,106],{"class":93},[61,82496,3040],{"class":75},[61,82498,106],{"class":93},[61,82500,4644],{"class":75},[61,82502,342],{"class":93},[61,82504,82505],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,82506,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,82508,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,82510,4109],{"class":67},[61,82512,72],{"class":71},[61,82514,1088],{"class":93},[61,82516,1010],{"class":310},[61,82518,4118],{"class":314},[61,82520,1010],{"class":310},[61,82522,106],{"class":93},[61,82524,311],{"class":310},[61,82526,4127],{"class":314},[61,82528,1010],{"class":310},[61,82530,106],{"class":93},[61,82532,311],{"class":310},[61,82534,78570],{"class":314},[61,82536,1010],{"class":310},[61,82538,1115],{"class":93},[61,82540,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549,82551],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,82542,90],{"class":89},[61,82544,94],{"class":93},[61,82546,82466],{"class":89},[61,82548,94],{"class":93},[61,82550,4153],{"class":102},[61,82552,342],{"class":93},[20,82554,345],{},[52,82556,82558],{"className":54,"code":82557,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82559,82560,82564,82568],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82561,82562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82563,2430],{"class":75},[61,82565,82566],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,82567,2430],{"class":75},[61,82569,82570],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,82571,82572],{"class":67},"pear\n",[20,82574,19984],{},[164,82576,82577,82583,82589],{},[167,82578,82579,82582],{},[15,82580,82581],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[167,82584,82585,82588],{},[15,82586,82587],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[167,82590,82591,82594],{},[15,82592,82593],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[47,82596,151,82598,154],{"id":82597},"what-max-does",[15,82599,82407],{},[20,82601,82602,1314],{},[15,82603,82407],{},[164,82605,82606,82609,82612,82615],{},[167,82607,82608],{},"Returns the largest item",[167,82610,82611],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[167,82613,82614],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[167,82616,82617],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82619,82620],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82622,82623],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[47,82625,233],{"id":232},[20,82627,82628,82629,1314],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82630,82407],{},[52,82632,82634],{"className":54,"code":82633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82635,82636,82646,82670,82692,82715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82637,82638,82640,82642,82644],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82639,82466],{"class":89},[61,82641,94],{"class":93},[61,82643,3761],{"class":102},[61,82645,258],{"class":93},[61,82647,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82659,82661,82663,82665,82668],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,82649,82466],{"class":89},[61,82651,94],{"class":93},[61,82653,3761],{"class":102},[61,82655,106],{"class":93},[61,82657,82658],{"class":71}," *",[61,82660,106],{"class":93},[61,82662,21607],{"class":9208},[61,82664,72],{"class":71},[61,82666,82667],{"class":102},"func",[61,82669,258],{"class":93},[61,82671,82672,82674,82676,82678,82680,82682,82684,82686,82688,82690],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,82673,82466],{"class":89},[61,82675,94],{"class":93},[61,82677,3761],{"class":102},[61,82679,106],{"class":93},[61,82681,82658],{"class":71},[61,82683,106],{"class":93},[61,82685,26549],{"class":9208},[61,82687,72],{"class":71},[61,82689,103],{"class":102},[61,82691,258],{"class":93},[61,82693,82694,82696,82698,82701,82703,82706,82708,82710,82713],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,82695,82466],{"class":89},[61,82697,94],{"class":93},[61,82699,82700],{"class":102},"arg1",[61,82702,106],{"class":93},[61,82704,82705],{"class":102}," arg2",[61,82707,106],{"class":93},[61,82709,82658],{"class":71},[61,82711,82712],{"class":102},"args",[61,82714,258],{"class":93},[61,82716,82717,82719,82721,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,82718,82466],{"class":89},[61,82720,94],{"class":93},[61,82722,82700],{"class":102},[61,82724,106],{"class":93},[61,82726,82705],{"class":102},[61,82728,106],{"class":93},[61,82730,82658],{"class":71},[61,82732,82712],{"class":102},[61,82734,106],{"class":93},[61,82736,21607],{"class":9208},[61,82738,72],{"class":71},[61,82740,82667],{"class":102},[61,82742,258],{"class":93},[20,82744,82745],{},"The most important parts are:",[164,82747,82748,82753,82758],{},[167,82749,82750,82752],{},[15,82751,3761],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[167,82754,82755,82757],{},[15,82756,14868],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[167,82759,82760,82763],{},[15,82761,82762],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[47,82765,8449,82767,82769],{"id":82766},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82768,82407],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82771,82772],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[52,82774,82776],{"className":54,"code":82775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82777,82778,82804,82820,82824],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82779,82780,82782,82784,82786,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82781,5104],{"class":67},[61,82783,72],{"class":71},[61,82785,1088],{"class":93},[61,82787,82788],{"class":75},"72",[61,82790,106],{"class":93},[61,82792,51332],{"class":75},[61,82794,106],{"class":93},[61,82796,13534],{"class":75},[61,82798,106],{"class":93},[61,82800,82801],{"class":75}," 66",[61,82803,1115],{"class":93},[61,82805,82806,82809,82811,82814,82816,82818],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,82807,82808],{"class":67},"highest_score ",[61,82810,72],{"class":71},[61,82812,82813],{"class":89}," max",[61,82815,94],{"class":93},[61,82817,16417],{"class":102},[61,82819,258],{"class":93},[61,82821,82822],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,82823,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,82825,82826,82828,82830,82833],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,82827,90],{"class":89},[61,82829,94],{"class":93},[61,82831,82832],{"class":102},"highest_score",[61,82834,258],{"class":93},[20,82836,345],{},[52,82838,82840],{"className":54,"code":82839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"91\n",[15,82841,82842],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82843,82844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82845,82839],{"class":75},[20,82847,82848],{},"This works well for:",[164,82850,82851,82854,82857,82860],{},[167,82852,82853],{},"Scores",[167,82855,82856],{},"Prices",[167,82858,82859],{},"Ages",[167,82861,82862],{},"Counts",[20,82864,51902],{},[52,82866,82868],{"className":54,"code":82867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82869,82870,82898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82871,82872,82875,82877,82879,82881,82883,82886,82888,82891,82893,82896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82873,82874],{"class":67},"prices ",[61,82876,72],{"class":71},[61,82878,1088],{"class":93},[61,82880,40424],{"class":75},[61,82882,106],{"class":93},[61,82884,82885],{"class":75}," 5.50",[61,82887,106],{"class":93},[61,82889,82890],{"class":75}," 12.75",[61,82892,106],{"class":93},[61,82894,82895],{"class":75}," 29.00",[61,82897,1115],{"class":93},[61,82899,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908,82911],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,82901,90],{"class":89},[61,82903,94],{"class":93},[61,82905,82466],{"class":89},[61,82907,94],{"class":93},[61,82909,82910],{"class":102},"prices",[61,82912,342],{"class":93},[20,82914,345],{},[52,82916,82918],{"className":54,"code":82917,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"29.0\n",[15,82919,82920],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82921,82922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82923,82917],{"class":75},[20,82925,82926,82927,82929,82930,229],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82928,82407],{}," is simpler than ",[221,82931,82932],{"href":74347},[15,82933,74250],{},[47,82935,8449,82937,82939],{"id":82936},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82938,82407],{}," with separate values",[20,82941,82942],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[52,82944,82946],{"className":54,"code":82945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82947,82948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82949,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964,82966,82968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82951,90],{"class":89},[61,82953,94],{"class":93},[61,82955,82466],{"class":89},[61,82957,94],{"class":93},[61,82959,2552],{"class":75},[61,82961,106],{"class":93},[61,82963,30971],{"class":75},[61,82965,106],{"class":93},[61,82967,6032],{"class":75},[61,82969,342],{"class":93},[20,82971,345],{},[52,82973,82974],{"className":54,"code":2277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,82975,82976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82977,82978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82979,2277],{"class":75},[20,82981,82982],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82984,82985],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[52,82987,82989],{"className":54,"code":82988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82990,82991,83000,83008,83018,83022,83045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82992,82993,82995,82997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82994,2602],{"class":67},[61,82996,72],{"class":71},[61,82998,82999],{"class":75}," 15\n",[61,83001,83002,83004,83006],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83003,2630],{"class":67},[61,83005,72],{"class":71},[61,83007,2816],{"class":75},[61,83009,83010,83013,83015],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,83011,83012],{"class":67},"c ",[61,83014,72],{"class":71},[61,83016,83017],{"class":75}," 27\n",[61,83019,83020],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,83021,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,83023,83024,83027,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,83025,83026],{"class":67},"largest ",[61,83028,72],{"class":71},[61,83030,82813],{"class":89},[61,83032,94],{"class":93},[61,83034,221],{"class":102},[61,83036,106],{"class":93},[61,83038,2607],{"class":102},[61,83040,106],{"class":93},[61,83042,9713],{"class":102},[61,83044,258],{"class":93},[61,83046,83047,83049,83051,83054],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,83048,90],{"class":89},[61,83050,94],{"class":93},[61,83052,83053],{"class":102},"largest",[61,83055,258],{"class":93},[20,83057,345],{},[52,83059,83060],{"className":54,"code":1278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,83061,83062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83063,83064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83065,1278],{"class":75},[20,83067,83068],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[47,83070,8449,83072,47072],{"id":83071},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83073,82407],{},[20,83075,83076,83078],{},[15,83077,82407],{}," can compare strings too.",[52,83080,83082],{"className":54,"code":83081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83083,83084,83116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83085,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83087,4109],{"class":67},[61,83089,72],{"class":71},[61,83091,1088],{"class":93},[61,83093,1010],{"class":310},[61,83095,4118],{"class":314},[61,83097,1010],{"class":310},[61,83099,106],{"class":93},[61,83101,311],{"class":310},[61,83103,4127],{"class":314},[61,83105,1010],{"class":310},[61,83107,106],{"class":93},[61,83109,311],{"class":310},[61,83111,78570],{"class":314},[61,83113,1010],{"class":310},[61,83115,1115],{"class":93},[61,83117,83118,83120,83122,83124,83126,83128],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83119,90],{"class":89},[61,83121,94],{"class":93},[61,83123,82466],{"class":89},[61,83125,94],{"class":93},[61,83127,4153],{"class":102},[61,83129,342],{"class":93},[20,83131,345],{},[52,83133,83134],{"className":54,"code":82572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,83135,83136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83137,83138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83139,82572],{"class":67},[20,83141,83142],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83144,68109],{},[164,83146,83147,83156,83159],{},[167,83148,83149,83152,83153,83155],{},[15,83150,83151],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83154,65100],{}," alphabetically",[167,83157,83158],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[167,83160,83161],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83163,295],{},[52,83165,83167],{"className":54,"code":83166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83168,83169,83202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83170,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83172,4109],{"class":67},[61,83174,72],{"class":71},[61,83176,1088],{"class":93},[61,83178,1010],{"class":310},[61,83180,4118],{"class":314},[61,83182,1010],{"class":310},[61,83184,106],{"class":93},[61,83186,311],{"class":310},[61,83188,83189],{"class":314},"Banana",[61,83191,1010],{"class":310},[61,83193,106],{"class":93},[61,83195,311],{"class":310},[61,83197,78570],{"class":314},[61,83199,1010],{"class":310},[61,83201,1115],{"class":93},[61,83203,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212,83214],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83205,90],{"class":89},[61,83207,94],{"class":93},[61,83209,82466],{"class":89},[61,83211,94],{"class":93},[61,83213,4153],{"class":102},[61,83215,342],{"class":93},[20,83217,83218],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83220,83221,83222,83224],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83223,14868],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[47,83226,36640,83227,36643],{"id":78528},[15,83228,14868],{},[20,83230,2034,83231,83233],{},[15,83232,14868],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83235,83236],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[260,83238,83240],{"id":83239},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[52,83242,83244],{"className":54,"code":83243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83245,83246,83278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83247,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83249,4109],{"class":67},[61,83251,72],{"class":71},[61,83253,1088],{"class":93},[61,83255,1010],{"class":310},[61,83257,37075],{"class":314},[61,83259,1010],{"class":310},[61,83261,106],{"class":93},[61,83263,311],{"class":310},[61,83265,68152],{"class":314},[61,83267,1010],{"class":310},[61,83269,106],{"class":93},[61,83271,311],{"class":310},[61,83273,57951],{"class":314},[61,83275,1010],{"class":310},[61,83277,1115],{"class":93},[61,83279,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83281,90],{"class":89},[61,83283,94],{"class":93},[61,83285,82466],{"class":89},[61,83287,94],{"class":93},[61,83289,4153],{"class":102},[61,83291,106],{"class":93},[61,83293,21607],{"class":9208},[61,83295,72],{"class":71},[61,83297,11191],{"class":89},[61,83299,342],{"class":93},[20,83301,345],{},[52,83303,83305],{"className":54,"code":83304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"elephant\n",[15,83306,83307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83308,83309],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83310,83304],{"class":67},[20,83312,20798,83313,83316],{},[15,83314,83315],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83318,83319,83320,33658,83322,229],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83321,42384],{},[221,83323,83324,5821],{"href":42381},[15,83325,42384],{},[260,83327,83329],{"id":83328},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[52,83331,83333],{"className":54,"code":83332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83334,83335,83367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83336,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83338,4109],{"class":67},[61,83340,72],{"class":71},[61,83342,1088],{"class":93},[61,83344,1010],{"class":310},[61,83346,4118],{"class":314},[61,83348,1010],{"class":310},[61,83350,106],{"class":93},[61,83352,311],{"class":310},[61,83354,83189],{"class":314},[61,83356,1010],{"class":310},[61,83358,106],{"class":93},[61,83360,311],{"class":310},[61,83362,78570],{"class":314},[61,83364,1010],{"class":310},[61,83366,1115],{"class":93},[61,83368,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83370,90],{"class":89},[61,83372,94],{"class":93},[61,83374,82466],{"class":89},[61,83376,94],{"class":93},[61,83378,4153],{"class":102},[61,83380,106],{"class":93},[61,83382,21607],{"class":9208},[61,83384,72],{"class":71},[61,83386,185],{"class":109},[61,83388,229],{"class":93},[61,83390,8673],{"class":24778},[61,83392,342],{"class":93},[20,83394,345],{},[52,83396,83397],{"className":54,"code":82572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,83398,83399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83400,83401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83402,82572],{"class":67},[20,83404,20798,83405,83407],{},[15,83406,78524],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[260,83409,83411],{"id":83410},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83413,83414,83415,1314],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83416,37688],{},[52,83418,83420],{"className":54,"code":83419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83421,83422,83465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83423,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83443,83445,83447,83449,83452,83454,83456,83458,83461,83463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83425,7814],{"class":67},[61,83427,72],{"class":71},[61,83429,1088],{"class":93},[61,83431,1010],{"class":310},[61,83433,221],{"class":314},[61,83435,1010],{"class":310},[61,83437,106],{"class":93},[61,83439,311],{"class":310},[61,83441,83442],{"class":314},"bb",[61,83444,1010],{"class":310},[61,83446,106],{"class":93},[61,83448,311],{"class":310},[61,83450,83451],{"class":314},"cccc",[61,83453,1010],{"class":310},[61,83455,106],{"class":93},[61,83457,311],{"class":310},[61,83459,83460],{"class":314},"ddd",[61,83462,1010],{"class":310},[61,83464,1115],{"class":93},[61,83466,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83468,90],{"class":89},[61,83470,94],{"class":93},[61,83472,82466],{"class":89},[61,83474,94],{"class":93},[61,83476,7845],{"class":102},[61,83478,106],{"class":93},[61,83480,21607],{"class":9208},[61,83482,72],{"class":71},[61,83484,37688],{"class":882},[61,83486,42864],{"class":892},[61,83488,1314],{"class":93},[61,83490,38414],{"class":89},[61,83492,94],{"class":93},[61,83494,476],{"class":102},[61,83496,582],{"class":93},[20,83498,345],{},[52,83500,83502],{"className":54,"code":83501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cccc\n",[15,83503,83504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83505,83506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83507,83501],{"class":67},[20,83509,840,83510,749,83512,83514],{},[15,83511,83315],{},[15,83513,78411],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[47,83516,36640,83518,36643],{"id":83517},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83519,82762],{},[20,83521,2034,83522,83524],{},[15,83523,82762],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83526,83527],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[52,83529,83531],{"className":54,"code":83530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83532,83533,83541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83534,83535,83537,83539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83536,3661],{"class":67},[61,83538,72],{"class":71},[61,83540,7874],{"class":93},[61,83542,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559,83561],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83544,90],{"class":89},[61,83546,94],{"class":93},[61,83548,82466],{"class":89},[61,83550,94],{"class":93},[61,83552,3691],{"class":102},[61,83554,106],{"class":93},[61,83556,26549],{"class":9208},[61,83558,72],{"class":71},[61,83560,2175],{"class":75},[61,83562,342],{"class":93},[20,83564,345],{},[52,83566,83567],{"className":54,"code":47265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,83568,83569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83570,83571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83572,47265],{"class":75},[20,83574,83575],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83577,83578,83579,83581],{},"Without ",[15,83580,82762],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83583,51902],{},[52,83585,83587],{"className":54,"code":83586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83588,83589,83597,83624],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83590,83591,83593,83595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83592,4109],{"class":67},[61,83594,72],{"class":71},[61,83596,7874],{"class":93},[61,83598,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613,83615,83617,83620,83622],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83600,1593],{"class":67},[61,83602,72],{"class":71},[61,83604,82813],{"class":89},[61,83606,94],{"class":93},[61,83608,4153],{"class":102},[61,83610,106],{"class":93},[61,83612,26549],{"class":9208},[61,83614,72],{"class":71},[61,83616,1010],{"class":310},[61,83618,83619],{"class":314},"no words found",[61,83621,1010],{"class":310},[61,83623,258],{"class":93},[61,83625,83626,83628,83630,83632],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,83627,90],{"class":89},[61,83629,94],{"class":93},[61,83631,1620],{"class":102},[61,83633,258],{"class":93},[20,83635,345],{},[52,83637,83639],{"className":54,"code":83638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"no words found\n",[15,83640,83641],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83642,83643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83644,83638],{"class":67},[20,83646,83647],{},"Important:",[164,83649,83650,83658],{},[167,83651,83652,83654,83655],{},[15,83653,82762],{}," works with ",[15,83656,83657],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[167,83659,40931,83660,83662,83663],{},[3784,83661,4670],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83664,83665],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[47,83667,47999],{"id":47998},[20,83669,83670,83671,229],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83672,82407],{},[260,83674,83676,83678],{"id":83675},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83677,40730],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83680,83681,83682,45923,83684,229],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83683,82762],{},[15,83685,40730],{},[52,83687,83689],{"className":54,"code":83688,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83690,83691,83699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83692,83693,83695,83697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83694,3661],{"class":67},[61,83696,72],{"class":71},[61,83698,7874],{"class":93},[61,83700,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83702,90],{"class":89},[61,83704,94],{"class":93},[61,83706,82466],{"class":89},[61,83708,94],{"class":93},[61,83710,3691],{"class":102},[61,83712,342],{"class":93},[20,83714,29708],{},[52,83716,83718],{"className":54,"code":83717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83719,83720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83721,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83733,83735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83723,40730],{"class":109},[61,83725,1314],{"class":93},[61,83727,82813],{"class":89},[61,83729,7400],{"class":93},[61,83731,83732],{"class":67}," arg ",[61,83734,1199],{"class":71},[61,83736,83737],{"class":67}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83739,83740,83741,1314],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83742,82762],{},[52,83744,83746],{"className":54,"code":83745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83747,83748,83756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83749,83750,83752,83754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83751,3661],{"class":67},[61,83753,72],{"class":71},[61,83755,7874],{"class":93},[61,83757,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83774,83776],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83759,90],{"class":89},[61,83761,94],{"class":93},[61,83763,82466],{"class":89},[61,83765,94],{"class":93},[61,83767,3691],{"class":102},[61,83769,106],{"class":93},[61,83771,26549],{"class":9208},[61,83773,72],{"class":71},[61,83775,3820],{"class":355},[61,83777,342],{"class":93},[20,83779,83780,83781,229],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[221,83782,65665],{"href":72704},[260,83784,83786,83788],{"id":83785},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83787,1382],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83790,83791,83792,229],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83793,1382],{},[52,83795,83797],{"className":54,"code":83796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83798,83799,83823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83800,83801,83803,83805,83807,83809,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83802,7814],{"class":67},[61,83804,72],{"class":71},[61,83806,1088],{"class":93},[61,83808,2379],{"class":75},[61,83810,106],{"class":93},[61,83812,311],{"class":310},[61,83814,15782],{"class":314},[61,83816,1010],{"class":310},[61,83818,106],{"class":93},[61,83820,7830],{"class":75},[61,83822,1115],{"class":93},[61,83824,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83826,90],{"class":89},[61,83828,94],{"class":93},[61,83830,82466],{"class":89},[61,83832,94],{"class":93},[61,83834,7845],{"class":102},[61,83836,342],{"class":93},[20,83838,83839],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83841,83842],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[52,83844,83846],{"className":54,"code":83845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83847,83848,83868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83849,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83851,7814],{"class":67},[61,83853,72],{"class":71},[61,83855,1088],{"class":93},[61,83857,2379],{"class":75},[61,83859,106],{"class":93},[61,83861,7825],{"class":75},[61,83863,106],{"class":93},[61,83865,7830],{"class":75},[61,83867,1115],{"class":93},[61,83869,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878,83880],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83871,90],{"class":89},[61,83873,94],{"class":93},[61,83875,82466],{"class":89},[61,83877,94],{"class":93},[61,83879,7845],{"class":102},[61,83881,342],{"class":93},[20,83883,83884,83885,229],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[221,83886,83888],{"href":83887},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[260,83890,83892,83894],{"id":83891},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83893,1382],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83896,83897,83899],{},[15,83898,82407],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[52,83901,83903],{"className":54,"code":83902,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(max())\n",[15,83904,83905],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83906,83907,83909,83911,83913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83908,90],{"class":89},[61,83910,94],{"class":93},[61,83912,82466],{"class":89},[61,83914,7228],{"class":93},[20,83916,3049,83917,229],{},[15,83918,1382],{},[47,83920,83922,741,83924],{"id":83921},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83923,82407],{},[15,83925,74250],{},[20,83927,83928],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83930,83931,1314],{},[15,83932,82407],{},[164,83934,83935],{},[167,83936,83937],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83939,83940,1314],{},[15,83941,74250],{},[164,83943,83944],{},[167,83945,83946],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83948,295],{},[52,83950,83952],{"className":54,"code":83951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83953,83954,83978,83982,83996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83955,83956,83958,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83957,3661],{"class":67},[61,83959,72],{"class":71},[61,83961,1088],{"class":93},[61,83963,1046],{"class":75},[61,83965,106],{"class":93},[61,83967,6399],{"class":75},[61,83969,106],{"class":93},[61,83971,3040],{"class":75},[61,83973,106],{"class":93},[61,83975,4644],{"class":75},[61,83977,1115],{"class":93},[61,83979,83980],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,83981,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,83983,83984,83986,83988,83990,83992,83994],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,83985,90],{"class":89},[61,83987,94],{"class":93},[61,83989,82466],{"class":89},[61,83991,94],{"class":93},[61,83993,3691],{"class":102},[61,83995,342],{"class":93},[61,83997,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006,84008],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,83999,90],{"class":89},[61,84001,94],{"class":93},[61,84003,74340],{"class":89},[61,84005,94],{"class":93},[61,84007,3691],{"class":102},[61,84009,342],{"class":93},[20,84011,345],{},[52,84013,84015],{"className":54,"code":84014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84016,84017,84021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84018,84019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84020,2430],{"class":75},[61,84022,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033,84035,84037,84039],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84024,1356],{"class":93},[61,84026,2113],{"class":75},[61,84028,106],{"class":93},[61,84030,1020],{"class":75},[61,84032,106],{"class":93},[61,84034,4644],{"class":75},[61,84036,106],{"class":93},[61,84038,6399],{"class":75},[61,84040,1115],{"class":93},[20,84042,143,84043,84045],{},[15,84044,82407],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84047,143,84048,84052],{},[221,84049,84050],{"href":74347},[15,84051,74250],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84054,84055,84056,229],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[221,84057,84059],{"href":84058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84060,84061],{},"min()",[47,84063,2878],{"id":2877},[20,84065,84066],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[164,84068,84069,84076,84079,84084,84087],{},[167,84070,29677,84071,84073,84074],{},[15,84072,82407],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84075,82762],{},[167,84077,84078],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[167,84080,8485,84081,84083],{},[15,84082,82407],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[167,84085,84086],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[167,84088,8449,84089,84091],{},[15,84090,82762],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84093,11142],{},[52,84095,84097],{"className":54,"code":84096,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84098,84099,84109,84123,84137,84151,84173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84100,84101,84103,84105,84107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84102,90],{"class":89},[61,84104,94],{"class":93},[61,84106,7845],{"class":102},[61,84108,258],{"class":93},[61,84110,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84112,90],{"class":89},[61,84114,94],{"class":93},[61,84116,657],{"class":109},[61,84118,94],{"class":93},[61,84120,7845],{"class":102},[61,84122,342],{"class":93},[61,84124,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,84126,90],{"class":89},[61,84128,94],{"class":93},[61,84130,11191],{"class":89},[61,84132,94],{"class":93},[61,84134,7845],{"class":102},[61,84136,342],{"class":93},[61,84138,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,84140,90],{"class":89},[61,84142,94],{"class":93},[61,84144,82466],{"class":89},[61,84146,94],{"class":93},[61,84148,7845],{"class":102},[61,84150,342],{"class":93},[61,84152,84153,84155,84157,84159,84161,84163,84165,84167,84169,84171],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,84154,90],{"class":89},[61,84156,94],{"class":93},[61,84158,82466],{"class":89},[61,84160,94],{"class":93},[61,84162,7845],{"class":102},[61,84164,106],{"class":93},[61,84166,26549],{"class":9208},[61,84168,72],{"class":71},[61,84170,3820],{"class":355},[61,84172,342],{"class":93},[61,84174,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,84176,90],{"class":89},[61,84178,3032],{"class":93},[61,84180,657],{"class":109},[61,84182,94],{"class":93},[61,84184,2228],{"class":102},[61,84186,664],{"class":93},[61,84188,3918],{"class":672},[61,84190,3921],{"class":102},[61,84192,3924],{"class":672},[61,84194,6004],{"class":102},[61,84196,1365],{"class":93},[20,84198,84199],{},"These are useful for checking:",[164,84201,84202,84207,84212,84215],{},[167,84203,84204,84205],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84206,7845],{},[167,84208,79577,84209,84211],{},[15,84210,7845],{}," is a list or some other type",[167,84213,84214],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[167,84216,84217],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84219,69173,84220,84223,84224,84226],{},[15,84221,84222],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84225,7845],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[47,84228,1879],{"id":1878},[260,84230,1883,84232,1886],{"id":84231},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84233,82407],{},[20,84235,84236],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[260,84238,1898,84240,84242],{"id":84239},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84241,82407],{}," work with strings?",[20,84244,84245],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[260,84247,71472],{"id":71471},[20,84249,84250,52317,84252,84254,84255,84257],{},[15,84251,82407],{},[15,84253,40730],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84256,82762],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[260,84259,84261,84262,1916],{"id":84260},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84263,82407],{},[20,84265,143,84266,1314],{},[15,84267,83315],{},[52,84269,84270],{"className":54,"code":83243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,84271,84272,84304],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84273,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84275,4109],{"class":67},[61,84277,72],{"class":71},[61,84279,1088],{"class":93},[61,84281,1010],{"class":310},[61,84283,37075],{"class":314},[61,84285,1010],{"class":310},[61,84287,106],{"class":93},[61,84289,311],{"class":310},[61,84291,68152],{"class":314},[61,84293,1010],{"class":310},[61,84295,106],{"class":93},[61,84297,311],{"class":310},[61,84299,57951],{"class":314},[61,84301,1010],{"class":310},[61,84303,1115],{"class":93},[61,84305,84306,84308,84310,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84307,90],{"class":89},[61,84309,94],{"class":93},[61,84311,82466],{"class":89},[61,84313,94],{"class":93},[61,84315,4153],{"class":102},[61,84317,106],{"class":93},[61,84319,21607],{"class":9208},[61,84321,72],{"class":71},[61,84323,11191],{"class":89},[61,84325,342],{"class":93},[260,84327,1911,84329,749,84331,1916],{"id":84328},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84330,82407],{},[15,84332,74250],{},[20,84334,84335,84337,84338,84340],{},[15,84336,82407],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84339,74250],{}," returns all items in order.",[47,84342,1938],{"id":1937},[164,84344,84345,84351,84357,84363,84367,84371],{},[167,84346,84347],{},[221,84348,84349,1947],{"href":84058},[15,84350,84061],{},[167,84352,84353],{},[221,84354,84355,1947],{"href":74347},[15,84356,74250],{},[167,84358,84359],{},[221,84360,84361,1947],{"href":42381},[15,84362,42384],{},[167,84364,84365],{},[221,84366,58780],{"href":58779},[167,84368,84369],{},[221,84370,65665],{"href":72704},[167,84372,84373],{},[221,84374,83888],{"href":83887},[1969,84376,84377],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":84379},[84380,84381,84383,84384,84386,84388,84390,84395,84397,84405,84407,84408,84419],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":82597,"depth":79,"text":84382},"What max() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":82766,"depth":79,"text":84385},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82936,"depth":79,"text":84387},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83071,"depth":79,"text":84389},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78528,"depth":79,"text":79726,"children":84391},[84392,84393,84394],{"id":83239,"depth":86,"text":83240},{"id":83328,"depth":86,"text":83329},{"id":83410,"depth":86,"text":83411},{"id":83517,"depth":79,"text":84396},"Using the default argument",{"id":47998,"depth":79,"text":47999,"children":84398},[84399,84401,84403],{"id":83675,"depth":86,"text":84400},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83785,"depth":86,"text":84402},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83891,"depth":86,"text":84404},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83921,"depth":79,"text":84406},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":84409},[84410,84412,84414,84415,84417],{"id":84231,"depth":86,"text":84411},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84239,"depth":86,"text":84413},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71471,"depth":86,"text":71472},{"id":84260,"depth":86,"text":84416},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84328,"depth":86,"text":84418},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82399,"description":84420},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84427,"title":84428,"body":84429,"description":86383,"extension":2017,"meta":86384,"navigation":82,"path":86385,"seo":86386,"stem":86387,"__hash__":86388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84430,"toc":86340},[84431,84436,84441,84447,84449,84523,84525,84538,84543,84548,84564,84568,84573,84649,84655,84658,84701,84703,84711,84717,84720,84751,84753,84761,84767,84772,84831,84833,84842,84845,84855,84861,84866,84901,84903,84911,84917,84923,84928,84972,84974,84983,84986,85026,85028,85037,85040,85052,85057,85062,85113,85115,85124,85127,85178,85180,85189,85192,85199,85205,85210,85212,85227,85231,85291,85293,85302,85306,85478,85480,85517,85524,85530,85533,85560,85562,85583,85588,85623,85625,85633,85636,85639,85655,85660,85662,85666,85672,85676,85703,85706,85716,85756,85760,85763,85806,85808,85817,85820,85825,85894,85896,85904,85909,85913,85916,85967,85969,85977,85980,86043,86045,86053,86056,86061,86065,86078,86085,86093,86095,86097,86127,86133,86234,86244,86246,86251,86254,86259,86262,86264,86272,86280,86288,86295,86303,86305,86337],[10,84432,13,84434,18],{"id":84433},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84435,84061],{},[20,84437,84438,84440],{},[15,84439,84061],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84442,84443,84444,84446],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84445,84061],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[47,84448,2059],{"id":2058},[52,84450,84452],{"className":54,"code":84451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84453,84454,84478,84493,84497],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84455,84456,84458,84460,84462,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472,84474,84476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84457,3661],{"class":67},[61,84459,72],{"class":71},[61,84461,1088],{"class":93},[61,84463,2192],{"class":75},[61,84465,106],{"class":93},[61,84467,3040],{"class":75},[61,84469,106],{"class":93},[61,84471,53959],{"class":75},[61,84473,106],{"class":93},[61,84475,5535],{"class":75},[61,84477,1115],{"class":93},[61,84479,84480,84482,84484,84487,84489,84491],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84481,90],{"class":89},[61,84483,94],{"class":93},[61,84485,84486],{"class":89},"min",[61,84488,94],{"class":93},[61,84490,3691],{"class":102},[61,84492,342],{"class":93},[61,84494,84495],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,84496,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,84498,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507,84509,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,84500,90],{"class":89},[61,84502,94],{"class":93},[61,84504,84486],{"class":89},[61,84506,94],{"class":93},[61,84508,2192],{"class":75},[61,84510,106],{"class":93},[61,84512,3040],{"class":75},[61,84514,106],{"class":93},[61,84516,53959],{"class":75},[61,84518,106],{"class":93},[61,84520,5535],{"class":75},[61,84522,342],{"class":93},[20,84524,345],{},[52,84526,84528],{"className":54,"code":84527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n1\n",[15,84529,84530,84534],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84531,84532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84533,46930],{"class":75},[61,84535,84536],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84537,46930],{"class":75},[20,84539,143,84540,84542],{},[15,84541,84061],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[47,84544,151,84546,154],{"id":84545},"what-min-does",[15,84547,84061],{},[164,84549,84550,84555,84558,84561],{},[167,84551,84552,84554],{},[15,84553,84061],{}," returns the smallest item",[167,84556,84557],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[167,84559,84560],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[167,84562,84563],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[47,84565,84567],{"id":84566},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84569,84570,84571,1314],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84572,84061],{},[52,84574,84576],{"className":54,"code":84575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84577,84578,84588,84613,84631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84579,84580,84582,84584,84586],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84581,84486],{"class":89},[61,84583,94],{"class":93},[61,84585,3761],{"class":102},[61,84587,258],{"class":93},[61,84589,84590,84592,84594,84597,84599,84602,84604,84607,84609,84611],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84591,84486],{"class":89},[61,84593,94],{"class":93},[61,84595,84596],{"class":102},"value1",[61,84598,106],{"class":93},[61,84600,84601],{"class":102}," value2",[61,84603,106],{"class":93},[61,84605,84606],{"class":102}," value3",[61,84608,106],{"class":93},[61,84610,34484],{"class":89},[61,84612,258],{"class":93},[61,84614,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,84616,84486],{"class":89},[61,84618,94],{"class":93},[61,84620,3761],{"class":102},[61,84622,106],{"class":93},[61,84624,21607],{"class":9208},[61,84626,72],{"class":71},[61,84628,37399],{"class":89},[61,84630,258],{"class":93},[61,84632,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645,84647],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,84634,84486],{"class":89},[61,84636,94],{"class":93},[61,84638,3761],{"class":102},[61,84640,106],{"class":93},[61,84642,26549],{"class":9208},[61,84644,72],{"class":71},[61,84646,37399],{"class":89},[61,84648,258],{"class":93},[260,84650,84652],{"id":84651},"miniterable",[15,84653,84654],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84656,84657],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[52,84659,84661],{"className":54,"code":84660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84662,84663,84687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84664,84665,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84666,3661],{"class":67},[61,84668,72],{"class":71},[61,84670,1088],{"class":93},[61,84672,2394],{"class":75},[61,84674,106],{"class":93},[61,84676,1020],{"class":75},[61,84678,106],{"class":93},[61,84680,30971],{"class":75},[61,84682,106],{"class":93},[61,84684,5535],{"class":75},[61,84686,1115],{"class":93},[61,84688,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84690,90],{"class":89},[61,84692,94],{"class":93},[61,84694,84486],{"class":89},[61,84696,94],{"class":93},[61,84698,3691],{"class":102},[61,84700,342],{"class":93},[20,84702,345],{},[52,84704,84705],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,84706,84707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84708,84709],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84710,46930],{"class":75},[260,84712,84714],{"id":84713},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84715,84716],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84718,84719],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[52,84721,84723],{"className":54,"code":84722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84724,84725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84726,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84728,90],{"class":89},[61,84730,94],{"class":93},[61,84732,84486],{"class":89},[61,84734,94],{"class":93},[61,84736,2394],{"class":75},[61,84738,106],{"class":93},[61,84740,1020],{"class":75},[61,84742,106],{"class":93},[61,84744,30971],{"class":75},[61,84746,106],{"class":93},[61,84748,5535],{"class":75},[61,84750,342],{"class":93},[20,84752,345],{},[52,84754,84755],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,84756,84757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84758,84759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84760,46930],{"class":75},[260,84762,84764],{"id":84763},"miniterable-key",[15,84765,84766],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84768,143,84769,84771],{},[15,84770,14868],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[52,84773,84775],{"className":54,"code":84774,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84776,84777,84809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84778,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84780,4109],{"class":67},[61,84782,72],{"class":71},[61,84784,1088],{"class":93},[61,84786,1010],{"class":310},[61,84788,78570],{"class":314},[61,84790,1010],{"class":310},[61,84792,106],{"class":93},[61,84794,311],{"class":310},[61,84796,38369],{"class":314},[61,84798,1010],{"class":310},[61,84800,106],{"class":93},[61,84802,311],{"class":310},[61,84804,4127],{"class":314},[61,84806,1010],{"class":310},[61,84808,1115],{"class":93},[61,84810,84811,84813,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84812,90],{"class":89},[61,84814,94],{"class":93},[61,84816,84486],{"class":89},[61,84818,94],{"class":93},[61,84820,4153],{"class":102},[61,84822,106],{"class":93},[61,84824,21607],{"class":9208},[61,84826,72],{"class":71},[61,84828,11191],{"class":89},[61,84830,342],{"class":93},[20,84832,345],{},[52,84834,84836],{"className":54,"code":84835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"kiwi\n",[15,84837,84838],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84839,84840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84841,84835],{"class":67},[20,84843,84844],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84846,84847,84848,84850,84851,229],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84849,42384],{},", see the ",[221,84852,84853,1947],{"href":42381},[15,84854,42384],{},[260,84856,84858],{"id":84857},"miniterable-default",[15,84859,84860],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84862,143,84863,84865],{},[15,84864,82762],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[52,84867,84869],{"className":54,"code":84868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84870,84871,84879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84872,84873,84875,84877],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84874,3661],{"class":67},[61,84876,72],{"class":71},[61,84878,7874],{"class":93},[61,84880,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84882,90],{"class":89},[61,84884,94],{"class":93},[61,84886,84486],{"class":89},[61,84888,94],{"class":93},[61,84890,3691],{"class":102},[61,84892,106],{"class":93},[61,84894,26549],{"class":9208},[61,84896,72],{"class":71},[61,84898,2175],{"class":75},[61,84900,342],{"class":93},[20,84902,345],{},[52,84904,84905],{"className":54,"code":47265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,84906,84907],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84908,84909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84910,47265],{"class":75},[20,84912,84913,84914,84916],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84915,40730],{}," when there is no item to return.",[47,84918,8449,84920,84922],{"id":84919},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84921,84061],{}," with numbers",[20,84924,84925,84927],{},[15,84926,84061],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[52,84929,84931],{"className":54,"code":84930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84932,84933,84958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84934,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84936,5104],{"class":67},[61,84938,72],{"class":71},[61,84940,1088],{"class":93},[61,84942,51327],{"class":75},[61,84944,106],{"class":93},[61,84946,84947],{"class":75}," 72",[61,84949,106],{"class":93},[61,84951,28933],{"class":75},[61,84953,106],{"class":93},[61,84955,75926],{"class":75},[61,84957,1115],{"class":93},[61,84959,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,84961,90],{"class":89},[61,84963,94],{"class":93},[61,84965,84486],{"class":89},[61,84967,94],{"class":93},[61,84969,16417],{"class":102},[61,84971,342],{"class":93},[20,84973,345],{},[52,84975,84977],{"className":54,"code":84976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"60\n",[15,84978,84979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84980,84981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84982,84976],{"class":75},[20,84984,84985],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[52,84987,84989],{"className":54,"code":84988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84990,84991,85012],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84992,84993,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003,85006,85008,85010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84994,82874],{"class":67},[61,84996,72],{"class":71},[61,84998,1088],{"class":93},[61,85000,40424],{"class":75},[61,85002,106],{"class":93},[61,85004,85005],{"class":75}," 5.49",[61,85007,106],{"class":93},[61,85009,82890],{"class":75},[61,85011,1115],{"class":93},[61,85013,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85015,90],{"class":89},[61,85017,94],{"class":93},[61,85019,84486],{"class":89},[61,85021,94],{"class":93},[61,85023,82910],{"class":102},[61,85025,342],{"class":93},[20,85027,345],{},[52,85029,85031],{"className":54,"code":85030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.49\n",[15,85032,85033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85034,85035],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85036,85030],{"class":75},[20,85038,85039],{},"This is useful for things like:",[164,85041,85042,85044,85046,85049],{},[167,85043,16417],{},[167,85045,82910],{},[167,85047,85048],{},"measurements",[167,85050,85051],{},"ages",[47,85053,8449,85055,47072],{"id":85054},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85056,84061],{},[20,85058,85059,85061],{},[15,85060,84061],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[52,85063,85065],{"className":54,"code":85064,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85066,85067,85099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85068,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85070,4109],{"class":67},[61,85072,72],{"class":71},[61,85074,1088],{"class":93},[61,85076,1010],{"class":310},[61,85078,4127],{"class":314},[61,85080,1010],{"class":310},[61,85082,106],{"class":93},[61,85084,311],{"class":310},[61,85086,4118],{"class":314},[61,85088,1010],{"class":310},[61,85090,106],{"class":93},[61,85092,311],{"class":310},[61,85094,4136],{"class":314},[61,85096,1010],{"class":310},[61,85098,1115],{"class":93},[61,85100,85101,85103,85105,85107,85109,85111],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85102,90],{"class":89},[61,85104,94],{"class":93},[61,85106,84486],{"class":89},[61,85108,94],{"class":93},[61,85110,4153],{"class":102},[61,85112,342],{"class":93},[20,85114,345],{},[52,85116,85118],{"className":54,"code":85117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apple\n",[15,85119,85120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85121,85122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85123,85117],{"class":67},[20,85125,85126],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[52,85128,85130],{"className":54,"code":85129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85131,85132,85164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85133,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85135,4109],{"class":67},[61,85137,72],{"class":71},[61,85139,1088],{"class":93},[61,85141,1010],{"class":310},[61,85143,4127],{"class":314},[61,85145,1010],{"class":310},[61,85147,106],{"class":93},[61,85149,311],{"class":310},[61,85151,57592],{"class":314},[61,85153,1010],{"class":310},[61,85155,106],{"class":93},[61,85157,311],{"class":310},[61,85159,4136],{"class":314},[61,85161,1010],{"class":310},[61,85163,1115],{"class":93},[61,85165,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85167,90],{"class":89},[61,85169,94],{"class":93},[61,85171,84486],{"class":89},[61,85173,94],{"class":93},[61,85175,4153],{"class":102},[61,85177,342],{"class":93},[20,85179,345],{},[52,85181,85183],{"className":54,"code":85182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Apple\n",[15,85184,85185],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85186,85187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85188,85182],{"class":67},[20,85190,85191],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85193,85194,85195,229],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[221,85196,85197,5821],{"href":74347},[15,85198,74250],{},[47,85200,8449,85202,85204],{"id":85201},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85203,84061],{}," with a key function",[20,85206,2034,85207,85209],{},[15,85208,14868],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85211,11488],{},[164,85213,85214,85219,85224],{},[167,85215,85216,85218],{},[15,85217,14868],{}," changes the comparison rule",[167,85220,85221,85223],{},[15,85222,84061],{}," still returns the original item",[167,85225,85226],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[260,85228,85230],{"id":85229},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[52,85232,85234],{"className":54,"code":85233,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85235,85236,85269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85237,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85265,85267],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85239,4109],{"class":67},[61,85241,72],{"class":71},[61,85243,1088],{"class":93},[61,85245,1010],{"class":310},[61,85247,68152],{"class":314},[61,85249,1010],{"class":310},[61,85251,106],{"class":93},[61,85253,311],{"class":310},[61,85255,37075],{"class":314},[61,85257,1010],{"class":310},[61,85259,106],{"class":93},[61,85261,311],{"class":310},[61,85263,85264],{"class":314},"giraffe",[61,85266,1010],{"class":310},[61,85268,1115],{"class":93},[61,85270,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85272,90],{"class":89},[61,85274,94],{"class":93},[61,85276,84486],{"class":89},[61,85278,94],{"class":93},[61,85280,4153],{"class":102},[61,85282,106],{"class":93},[61,85284,21607],{"class":9208},[61,85286,72],{"class":71},[61,85288,11191],{"class":89},[61,85290,342],{"class":93},[20,85292,345],{},[52,85294,85296],{"className":54,"code":85295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cat\n",[15,85297,85298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85299,85300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85301,85295],{"class":67},[260,85303,85305],{"id":85304},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[52,85307,85309],{"className":54,"code":85308,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85310,85311,85321,85356,85388,85420,85424,85428,85467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85312,85313,85316,85318],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85314,85315],{"class":67},"students ",[61,85317,72],{"class":71},[61,85319,85320],{"class":93}," [\n",[61,85322,85323,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85347,85349,85351,85353],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85324,85325],{"class":93},"    {",[61,85327,1010],{"class":310},[61,85329,335],{"class":314},[61,85331,1010],{"class":310},[61,85333,1314],{"class":93},[61,85335,311],{"class":310},[61,85337,1319],{"class":314},[61,85339,1010],{"class":310},[61,85341,106],{"class":93},[61,85343,311],{"class":310},[61,85345,85346],{"class":314},"score",[61,85348,1010],{"class":310},[61,85350,1314],{"class":93},[61,85352,13534],{"class":75},[61,85354,85355],{"class":93},"},\n",[61,85357,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,85359,85325],{"class":93},[61,85361,1010],{"class":310},[61,85363,335],{"class":314},[61,85365,1010],{"class":310},[61,85367,1314],{"class":93},[61,85369,311],{"class":310},[61,85371,35967],{"class":314},[61,85373,1010],{"class":310},[61,85375,106],{"class":93},[61,85377,311],{"class":310},[61,85379,85346],{"class":314},[61,85381,1010],{"class":310},[61,85383,1314],{"class":93},[61,85385,84947],{"class":75},[61,85387,85355],{"class":93},[61,85389,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,85391,85325],{"class":93},[61,85393,1010],{"class":310},[61,85395,335],{"class":314},[61,85397,1010],{"class":310},[61,85399,1314],{"class":93},[61,85401,311],{"class":310},[61,85403,35976],{"class":314},[61,85405,1010],{"class":310},[61,85407,106],{"class":93},[61,85409,311],{"class":310},[61,85411,85346],{"class":314},[61,85413,1010],{"class":310},[61,85415,1314],{"class":93},[61,85417,19925],{"class":75},[61,85419,1324],{"class":93},[61,85421,85422],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,85423,1115],{"class":93},[61,85425,85426],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,85427,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,85429,85430,85433,85435,85438,85440,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,85431,85432],{"class":67},"lowest ",[61,85434,72],{"class":71},[61,85436,85437],{"class":89}," min",[61,85439,94],{"class":93},[61,85441,85442],{"class":102},"students",[61,85444,106],{"class":93},[61,85446,21607],{"class":9208},[61,85448,72],{"class":71},[61,85450,37688],{"class":882},[61,85452,12932],{"class":892},[61,85454,1314],{"class":93},[61,85456,12932],{"class":102},[61,85458,1356],{"class":93},[61,85460,1010],{"class":310},[61,85462,85346],{"class":314},[61,85464,1010],{"class":310},[61,85466,1365],{"class":93},[61,85468,85469,85471,85473,85476],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,85470,90],{"class":89},[61,85472,94],{"class":93},[61,85474,85475],{"class":102},"lowest",[61,85477,258],{"class":93},[20,85479,345],{},[52,85481,85483],{"className":54,"code":85482,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85484,85485],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85486,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85488,9310],{"class":93},[61,85490,3348],{"class":310},[61,85492,335],{"class":314},[61,85494,3348],{"class":310},[61,85496,1314],{"class":93},[61,85498,3343],{"class":310},[61,85500,35967],{"class":314},[61,85502,3348],{"class":310},[61,85504,106],{"class":93},[61,85506,3343],{"class":310},[61,85508,85346],{"class":314},[61,85510,3348],{"class":310},[61,85512,1314],{"class":93},[61,85514,84947],{"class":75},[61,85516,1324],{"class":93},[20,85518,85519,85520,85523],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85521,85522],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[47,85525,8449,85527,85529],{"id":85526},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85528,82762],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85531,85532],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[52,85534,85536],{"className":54,"code":85535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85537,85538,85546],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85539,85540,85542,85544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85541,3661],{"class":67},[61,85543,72],{"class":71},[61,85545,7874],{"class":93},[61,85547,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85549,90],{"class":89},[61,85551,94],{"class":93},[61,85553,84486],{"class":89},[61,85555,94],{"class":93},[61,85557,3691],{"class":102},[61,85559,342],{"class":93},[20,85561,345],{},[52,85563,85565],{"className":54,"code":85564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85566,85567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85568,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85570,40730],{"class":109},[61,85572,1314],{"class":93},[61,85574,85437],{"class":89},[61,85576,7400],{"class":93},[61,85578,83732],{"class":67},[61,85580,1199],{"class":71},[61,85582,83737],{"class":67},[20,85584,85585,85586,1314],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85587,82762],{},[52,85589,85591],{"className":54,"code":85590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85592,85593,85601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85594,85595,85597,85599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85596,3661],{"class":67},[61,85598,72],{"class":71},[61,85600,7874],{"class":93},[61,85602,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85604,90],{"class":89},[61,85606,94],{"class":93},[61,85608,84486],{"class":89},[61,85610,94],{"class":93},[61,85612,3691],{"class":102},[61,85614,106],{"class":93},[61,85616,26549],{"class":9208},[61,85618,72],{"class":71},[61,85620,3820],{"class":355},[61,85622,342],{"class":93},[20,85624,345],{},[52,85626,85627],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,85628,85629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85630,85631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85632,11835],{"class":355},[20,85634,85635],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85637,85638],{},"Remember:",[164,85640,85641,85649],{},[167,85642,85643,85645,85646,85648],{},[15,85644,82762],{}," works only when ",[15,85647,84061],{}," gets one iterable argument",[167,85650,85651,85652],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85653,85654],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85656,85657,85658,229],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[221,85659,65665],{"href":72704},[47,85661,10774],{"id":10773},[20,85663,56599,85664,229],{},[15,85665,84061],{},[260,85667,85669,85670],{"id":85668},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85671,82762],{},[20,85673,3049,85674,1314],{},[15,85675,40730],{},[52,85677,85679],{"className":54,"code":85678,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85680,85681,85689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85682,85683,85685,85687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85684,7814],{"class":67},[61,85686,72],{"class":71},[61,85688,7874],{"class":93},[61,85690,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85692,90],{"class":89},[61,85694,94],{"class":93},[61,85696,84486],{"class":89},[61,85698,94],{"class":93},[61,85700,7845],{"class":102},[61,85702,342],{"class":93},[20,85704,85705],{},"Fix it by:",[164,85707,85708,85711],{},[167,85709,85710],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[167,85712,85713,85714],{},"or using ",[15,85715,82762],{},[52,85717,85719],{"className":54,"code":85718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85720,85721,85729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85722,85723,85725,85727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85724,7814],{"class":67},[61,85726,72],{"class":71},[61,85728,7874],{"class":93},[61,85730,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85752,85754],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85732,90],{"class":89},[61,85734,94],{"class":93},[61,85736,84486],{"class":89},[61,85738,94],{"class":93},[61,85740,7845],{"class":102},[61,85742,106],{"class":93},[61,85744,26549],{"class":9208},[61,85746,72],{"class":71},[61,85748,1010],{"class":310},[61,85750,85751],{"class":314},"no items",[61,85753,1010],{"class":310},[61,85755,342],{"class":93},[260,85757,85759],{"id":85758},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85761,85762],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[52,85764,85766],{"className":54,"code":85765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85767,85768,85792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85769,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85771,9199],{"class":67},[61,85773,72],{"class":71},[61,85775,1088],{"class":93},[61,85777,2379],{"class":75},[61,85779,106],{"class":93},[61,85781,311],{"class":310},[61,85783,15782],{"class":314},[61,85785,1010],{"class":310},[61,85787,106],{"class":93},[61,85789,4644],{"class":75},[61,85791,1115],{"class":93},[61,85793,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85795,90],{"class":89},[61,85797,94],{"class":93},[61,85799,84486],{"class":89},[61,85801,94],{"class":93},[61,85803,9237],{"class":102},[61,85805,342],{"class":93},[20,85807,345],{},[52,85809,85811],{"className":54,"code":85810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError\n",[15,85812,85813],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85814,85815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85816,85810],{"class":109},[20,85818,85819],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85821,85822,85823,229],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85824,84061],{},[52,85826,85828],{"className":54,"code":85827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85829,85830,85854,85880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85831,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85833,9199],{"class":67},[61,85835,72],{"class":71},[61,85837,1088],{"class":93},[61,85839,2379],{"class":75},[61,85841,106],{"class":93},[61,85843,311],{"class":310},[61,85845,15782],{"class":314},[61,85847,1010],{"class":310},[61,85849,106],{"class":93},[61,85851,4644],{"class":75},[61,85853,1115],{"class":93},[61,85855,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870,85872,85874,85876,85878],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85857,3661],{"class":67},[61,85859,72],{"class":71},[61,85861,1088],{"class":93},[61,85863,189],{"class":109},[61,85865,94],{"class":93},[61,85867,2228],{"class":102},[61,85869,664],{"class":93},[61,85871,3918],{"class":672},[61,85873,3921],{"class":67},[61,85875,3924],{"class":672},[61,85877,14593],{"class":67},[61,85879,1115],{"class":93},[61,85881,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,85883,90],{"class":89},[61,85885,94],{"class":93},[61,85887,84486],{"class":89},[61,85889,94],{"class":93},[61,85891,3691],{"class":102},[61,85893,342],{"class":93},[20,85895,345],{},[52,85897,85898],{"className":54,"code":2994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,85899,85900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85901,85902],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85903,2994],{"class":75},[20,85905,85906,85907,229],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85908,1382],{},[260,85910,85912],{"id":85911},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85914,85915],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[52,85917,85919],{"className":54,"code":85918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85920,85921,85953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85922,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85924,4109],{"class":67},[61,85926,72],{"class":71},[61,85928,1088],{"class":93},[61,85930,1010],{"class":310},[61,85932,79386],{"class":314},[61,85934,1010],{"class":310},[61,85936,106],{"class":93},[61,85938,311],{"class":310},[61,85940,57592],{"class":314},[61,85942,1010],{"class":310},[61,85944,106],{"class":93},[61,85946,311],{"class":310},[61,85948,79403],{"class":314},[61,85950,1010],{"class":310},[61,85952,1115],{"class":93},[61,85954,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,85956,90],{"class":89},[61,85958,94],{"class":93},[61,85960,84486],{"class":89},[61,85962,94],{"class":93},[61,85964,4153],{"class":102},[61,85966,342],{"class":93},[20,85968,345],{},[52,85970,85971],{"className":54,"code":85182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,85972,85973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85974,85975],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85976,85182],{"class":67},[20,85978,85979],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[52,85981,85983],{"className":54,"code":85982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85984,85985,86017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85986,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85988,4109],{"class":67},[61,85990,72],{"class":71},[61,85992,1088],{"class":93},[61,85994,1010],{"class":310},[61,85996,79386],{"class":314},[61,85998,1010],{"class":310},[61,86000,106],{"class":93},[61,86002,311],{"class":310},[61,86004,57592],{"class":314},[61,86006,1010],{"class":310},[61,86008,106],{"class":93},[61,86010,311],{"class":310},[61,86012,79403],{"class":314},[61,86014,1010],{"class":310},[61,86016,1115],{"class":93},[61,86018,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,86020,90],{"class":89},[61,86022,94],{"class":93},[61,86024,84486],{"class":89},[61,86026,94],{"class":93},[61,86028,4153],{"class":102},[61,86030,106],{"class":93},[61,86032,21607],{"class":9208},[61,86034,72],{"class":71},[61,86036,185],{"class":109},[61,86038,229],{"class":93},[61,86040,8673],{"class":24778},[61,86042,342],{"class":93},[20,86044,345],{},[52,86046,86047],{"className":54,"code":85182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,86048,86049],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86050,86051],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86052,85182],{"class":67},[20,86054,86055],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[47,86057,5001,86059],{"id":86058},"when-to-use-min",[15,86060,84061],{},[20,86062,143,86063,10630],{},[15,86064,84061],{},[164,86066,86067,86070,86075],{},[167,86068,86069],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[167,86071,86072,86073],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86074,14868],{},[167,86076,86077],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86079,143,86080,86084],{},[221,86081,86082],{"href":74347},[15,86083,74250],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86086,143,86087,86092],{},[221,86088,86090],{"href":86089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86091,82407],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[47,86094,2878],{"id":2877},[20,86096,84066],{},[164,86098,86099,86107,86110,86115,86122],{},[167,86100,86101,86102,86104,86105],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86103,84061],{}," without using ",[15,86106,82762],{},[167,86108,86109],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[167,86111,8485,86112,86114],{},[15,86113,84061],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[167,86116,4744,86117,86119,86120,85223],{},[15,86118,14868],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86121,84061],{},[167,86123,8449,86124,86126],{},[15,86125,82762],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86128,86129,86130,86132],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86131,84061],{},", these quick checks can help:",[52,86134,86136],{"className":54,"code":86135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86137,86138,86152,86162,86176,86190,86212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86139,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86141,90],{"class":89},[61,86143,94],{"class":93},[61,86145,657],{"class":109},[61,86147,94],{"class":93},[61,86149,9237],{"class":102},[61,86151,342],{"class":93},[61,86153,86154,86156,86158,86160],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,86155,90],{"class":89},[61,86157,94],{"class":93},[61,86159,9237],{"class":102},[61,86161,258],{"class":93},[61,86163,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,86165,90],{"class":89},[61,86167,94],{"class":93},[61,86169,11191],{"class":89},[61,86171,94],{"class":93},[61,86173,9237],{"class":102},[61,86175,342],{"class":93},[61,86177,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,86179,90],{"class":89},[61,86181,94],{"class":93},[61,86183,84486],{"class":89},[61,86185,94],{"class":93},[61,86187,9237],{"class":102},[61,86189,342],{"class":93},[61,86191,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,86193,90],{"class":89},[61,86195,94],{"class":93},[61,86197,84486],{"class":89},[61,86199,94],{"class":93},[61,86201,9237],{"class":102},[61,86203,106],{"class":93},[61,86205,26549],{"class":9208},[61,86207,72],{"class":71},[61,86209,3820],{"class":355},[61,86211,342],{"class":93},[61,86213,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224,86226,86228,86230,86232],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,86215,90],{"class":89},[61,86217,94],{"class":93},[61,86219,84486],{"class":89},[61,86221,94],{"class":93},[61,86223,4153],{"class":102},[61,86225,106],{"class":93},[61,86227,21607],{"class":9208},[61,86229,72],{"class":71},[61,86231,11191],{"class":89},[61,86233,342],{"class":93},[20,86235,86236,86237,86240,86241,86243],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86238,86239],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86242,9237],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[47,86245,1879],{"id":1878},[260,86247,1883,86249,1886],{"id":86248},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86250,84061],{},[20,86252,86253],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[260,86255,1898,86257,84242],{"id":86256},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86258,84061],{},[20,86260,86261],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[260,86263,71472],{"id":71471},[20,86265,86266,52317,86268,84254,86270,36649],{},[15,86267,84061],{},[15,86269,40730],{},[15,86271,82762],{},[260,86273,1883,86275,86277,86278,1916],{"id":86274},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86276,14868],{}," do in ",[15,86279,84061],{},[20,86281,86282,86284,86285,86287],{},[15,86283,14868],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86286,83315],{}," compares strings by length.",[260,86289,1911,86291,749,86293,1916],{"id":86290},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86292,84061],{},[15,86294,74250],{},[20,86296,86297,86299,86300,86302],{},[15,86298,84061],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86301,74250],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[47,86304,1938],{"id":1937},[164,86306,86307,86313,86319,86325,86329,86333],{},[167,86308,86309],{},[221,86310,86311,1947],{"href":86089},[15,86312,82407],{},[167,86314,86315],{},[221,86316,86317,1947],{"href":74347},[15,86318,74250],{},[167,86320,86321],{},[221,86322,86323,1947],{"href":42381},[15,86324,42384],{},[167,86326,86327],{},[221,86328,79699],{"href":78202},[167,86330,86331],{},[221,86332,58780],{"href":58779},[167,86334,86335],{},[221,86336,65665],{"href":72704},[1969,86338,86339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":86341},[86342,86343,86345,86351,86353,86355,86360,86362,86368,86370,86371,86382],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":84545,"depth":79,"text":86344},"What min() does",{"id":84566,"depth":79,"text":84567,"children":86346},[86347,86348,86349,86350],{"id":84651,"depth":86,"text":84654},{"id":84713,"depth":86,"text":84716},{"id":84763,"depth":86,"text":84766},{"id":84857,"depth":86,"text":84860},{"id":84919,"depth":79,"text":86352},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85054,"depth":79,"text":86354},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85201,"depth":79,"text":86356,"children":86357},"Using min() with a key function",[86358,86359],{"id":85229,"depth":86,"text":85230},{"id":85304,"depth":86,"text":85305},{"id":85526,"depth":79,"text":86361},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10773,"depth":79,"text":10774,"children":86363},[86364,86366,86367],{"id":85668,"depth":86,"text":86365},"Empty list without default",{"id":85758,"depth":86,"text":85759},{"id":85911,"depth":86,"text":85912},{"id":86058,"depth":79,"text":86369},"When to use min()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":86372},[86373,86375,86377,86378,86380],{"id":86248,"depth":86,"text":86374},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86256,"depth":86,"text":86376},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71471,"depth":86,"text":71472},{"id":86274,"depth":86,"text":86379},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86290,"depth":86,"text":86381},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84428,"description":86383},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86390,"title":86391,"body":86392,"description":88571,"extension":2017,"meta":88572,"navigation":82,"path":88573,"seo":88574,"stem":88575,"__hash__":88576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86393,"toc":88535},[86394,86397,86403,86409,86411,86492,86501,86505,86510,86512,86557,86559,86639,86645,86647,86650,86682,86684,86702,86704,86777,86779,86798,86802,86805,86841,86843,86910,86984,87057,87062,87066,87072,87075,87092,87095,87097,87158,87160,87180,87186,87190,87193,87263,87266,87285,87290,87366,87369,87373,87379,87383,87388,87458,87462,87467,87541,87545,87548,87623,87634,87638,87643,87733,87738,87806,87809,87828,87839,87843,87846,87851,87854,87916,87919,87930,87935,87938,87941,87946,87949,87952,87956,87959,87965,87968,87979,87981,88043,88058,88064,88067,88070,88081,88092,88098,88101,88103,88165,88175,88181,88186,88192,88196,88202,88205,88226,88228,88233,88260,88263,88290,88293,88332,88335,88373,88376,88437,88440,88442,88446,88449,88453,88459,88467,88475,88479,88482,88486,88492,88494,88532],[10,86395,86391],{"id":86396},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86398,86399,86402],{},[15,86400,86401],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86404,86405,86406,86408],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86407,86401],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[47,86410,2059],{"id":2058},[52,86412,86414],{"className":54,"code":86413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86415,86416,86465,86481],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86417,86418,86421,86424,86426,86428,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86446,86448,86450,86453,86455,86457,86459,86463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86419,86420],{"class":672},"with",[61,86422,86423],{"class":89}," open",[61,86425,94],{"class":93},[61,86427,1010],{"class":310},[61,86429,86430],{"class":314},"example.txt",[61,86432,1010],{"class":310},[61,86434,106],{"class":93},[61,86436,311],{"class":310},[61,86438,60330],{"class":314},[61,86440,1010],{"class":310},[61,86442,106],{"class":93},[61,86444,86445],{"class":9208}," encoding",[61,86447,72],{"class":71},[61,86449,1010],{"class":310},[61,86451,86452],{"class":314},"utf-8",[61,86454,1010],{"class":310},[61,86456,664],{"class":93},[61,86458,47370],{"class":672},[61,86460,86462],{"class":86461},"sMMDD"," file",[61,86464,6433],{"class":93},[61,86466,86467,86470,86472,86474,86476,86479],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,86468,86469],{"class":67},"    content ",[61,86471,72],{"class":71},[61,86473,86462],{"class":86461},[61,86475,229],{"class":93},[61,86477,86478],{"class":102},"read",[61,86480,8676],{"class":93},[61,86482,86483,86485,86487,86490],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,86484,1141],{"class":89},[61,86486,94],{"class":93},[61,86488,86489],{"class":102},"content",[61,86491,258],{"class":93},[20,86493,143,86494,86496,86497,86500],{},[15,86495,86420],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86498,86499],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[47,86502,86504],{"id":86503},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86506,86507,86509],{},[15,86508,86401],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86511,11488],{},[164,86513,86514,86517,86522,86527],{},[167,86515,86516],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[167,86518,40931,86519,86521],{},[3784,86520,4670],{}," read or write anything by itself",[167,86523,17448,86524],{},[3784,86525,86526],{},"file object",[167,86528,86529,86530],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[164,86531,86532,86537,86542,86547,86552],{},[167,86533,86534],{},[15,86535,86536],{},"read()",[167,86538,86539],{},[15,86540,86541],{},"readline()",[167,86543,86544],{},[15,86545,86546],{},"readlines()",[167,86548,86549],{},[15,86550,86551],{},"write()",[167,86553,86554],{},[15,86555,86556],{},"close()",[20,86558,295],{},[52,86560,86562],{"className":54,"code":86561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86563,86564,86603,86618,86628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86565,86566,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599,86601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86567,86568],{"class":86461},"file",[61,86570,13303],{"class":71},[61,86572,86423],{"class":89},[61,86574,94],{"class":93},[61,86576,1010],{"class":310},[61,86578,86430],{"class":314},[61,86580,1010],{"class":310},[61,86582,106],{"class":93},[61,86584,311],{"class":310},[61,86586,60330],{"class":314},[61,86588,1010],{"class":310},[61,86590,106],{"class":93},[61,86592,86445],{"class":9208},[61,86594,72],{"class":71},[61,86596,1010],{"class":310},[61,86598,86452],{"class":314},[61,86600,1010],{"class":310},[61,86602,258],{"class":93},[61,86604,86605,86608,86610,86612,86614,86616],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,86606,86607],{"class":67},"content ",[61,86609,72],{"class":71},[61,86611,86462],{"class":86461},[61,86613,229],{"class":93},[61,86615,86478],{"class":102},[61,86617,8676],{"class":93},[61,86619,86620,86622,86624,86626],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,86621,90],{"class":89},[61,86623,94],{"class":93},[61,86625,86489],{"class":102},[61,86627,258],{"class":93},[61,86629,86630,86632,86634,86637],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,86631,86568],{"class":86461},[61,86633,229],{"class":93},[61,86635,86636],{"class":102},"close",[61,86638,8676],{"class":93},[20,86640,86641,86642,86644],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86643,86420],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[47,86646,233],{"id":232},[20,86648,86649],{},"A common form is:",[52,86651,86653],{"className":54,"code":86652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86654,86655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86656,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86658,42449],{"class":89},[61,86660,94],{"class":93},[61,86662,86568],{"class":86461},[61,86664,106],{"class":93},[61,86666,86667],{"class":102}," mode",[61,86669,106],{"class":93},[61,86671,86445],{"class":9208},[61,86673,72],{"class":71},[61,86675,1010],{"class":310},[61,86677,86452],{"class":314},[61,86679,1010],{"class":310},[61,86681,258],{"class":93},[20,86683,64871],{},[164,86685,86686,86691,86696],{},[167,86687,86688,86690],{},[15,86689,86568],{}," is the file name or file path",[167,86692,86693,86695],{},[15,86694,20946],{}," controls how the file is opened",[167,86697,86698,86701],{},[15,86699,86700],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86703,295],{},[52,86705,86707],{"className":54,"code":86706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86708,86709,86752,86767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86710,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719,86722,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86712,86420],{"class":672},[61,86714,86423],{"class":89},[61,86716,94],{"class":93},[61,86718,1010],{"class":310},[61,86720,86721],{"class":314},"notes.txt",[61,86723,1010],{"class":310},[61,86725,106],{"class":93},[61,86727,311],{"class":310},[61,86729,60330],{"class":314},[61,86731,1010],{"class":310},[61,86733,106],{"class":93},[61,86735,86445],{"class":9208},[61,86737,72],{"class":71},[61,86739,1010],{"class":310},[61,86741,86452],{"class":314},[61,86743,1010],{"class":310},[61,86745,664],{"class":93},[61,86747,47370],{"class":672},[61,86749,86462],{"class":86461},[61,86751,6433],{"class":93},[61,86753,86754,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,86755,86756],{"class":67},"    text ",[61,86758,72],{"class":71},[61,86760,86462],{"class":86461},[61,86762,229],{"class":93},[61,86764,86478],{"class":102},[61,86766,8676],{"class":93},[61,86768,86769,86771,86773,86775],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,86770,1141],{"class":89},[61,86772,94],{"class":93},[61,86774,476],{"class":102},[61,86776,258],{"class":93},[20,86778,19984],{},[164,86780,86781,86787,86792],{},[167,86782,86783,86786],{},[15,86784,86785],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[167,86788,86789,86791],{},[15,86790,86499],{}," means open for reading",[167,86793,86794,86797],{},[15,86795,86796],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[47,86799,86801],{"id":86800},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86803,86804],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[164,86806,86807,86812,86818,86823,86829,86835],{},[167,86808,86809,86811],{},[15,86810,86499],{}," = read a text file",[167,86813,86814,86817],{},[15,86815,86816],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[167,86819,86820,86822],{},[15,86821,18123],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[167,86824,86825,86828],{},[15,86826,86827],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[167,86830,86831,86834],{},[15,86832,86833],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[167,86836,86837,86840],{},[15,86838,86839],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86842,2181],{},[52,86844,86846],{"className":54,"code":86845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86847,86848,86853,86896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86849,86850],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86851,86852],{"class":116},"# Read a text file\n",[61,86854,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,86856,86420],{"class":672},[61,86858,86423],{"class":89},[61,86860,94],{"class":93},[61,86862,1010],{"class":310},[61,86864,86865],{"class":314},"data.txt",[61,86867,1010],{"class":310},[61,86869,106],{"class":93},[61,86871,311],{"class":310},[61,86873,60330],{"class":314},[61,86875,1010],{"class":310},[61,86877,106],{"class":93},[61,86879,86445],{"class":9208},[61,86881,72],{"class":71},[61,86883,1010],{"class":310},[61,86885,86452],{"class":314},[61,86887,1010],{"class":310},[61,86889,664],{"class":93},[61,86891,47370],{"class":672},[61,86893,86462],{"class":86461},[61,86895,6433],{"class":93},[61,86897,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86908],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,86899,1141],{"class":89},[61,86901,94],{"class":93},[61,86903,86568],{"class":86461},[61,86905,229],{"class":93},[61,86907,86478],{"class":102},[61,86909,7228],{"class":93},[52,86911,86913],{"className":54,"code":86912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86914,86915,86920,86962],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86916,86917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86918,86919],{"class":116},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[61,86921,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,86923,86420],{"class":672},[61,86925,86423],{"class":89},[61,86927,94],{"class":93},[61,86929,1010],{"class":310},[61,86931,86865],{"class":314},[61,86933,1010],{"class":310},[61,86935,106],{"class":93},[61,86937,311],{"class":310},[61,86939,60313],{"class":314},[61,86941,1010],{"class":310},[61,86943,106],{"class":93},[61,86945,86445],{"class":9208},[61,86947,72],{"class":71},[61,86949,1010],{"class":310},[61,86951,86452],{"class":314},[61,86953,1010],{"class":310},[61,86955,664],{"class":93},[61,86957,47370],{"class":672},[61,86959,86462],{"class":86461},[61,86961,6433],{"class":93},[61,86963,86964,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86980,86982],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,86965,86966],{"class":86461},"    file",[61,86968,229],{"class":93},[61,86970,70021],{"class":102},[61,86972,94],{"class":93},[61,86974,1010],{"class":310},[61,86976,34892],{"class":314},[61,86978,86979],{"class":34483},"\\n",[61,86981,1010],{"class":310},[61,86983,258],{"class":93},[52,86985,86987],{"className":54,"code":86986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86988,86989,86994,87036],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86990,86991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86992,86993],{"class":116},"# Append to a text file\n",[61,86995,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032,87034],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,86997,86420],{"class":672},[61,86999,86423],{"class":89},[61,87001,94],{"class":93},[61,87003,1010],{"class":310},[61,87005,86865],{"class":314},[61,87007,1010],{"class":310},[61,87009,106],{"class":93},[61,87011,311],{"class":310},[61,87013,221],{"class":314},[61,87015,1010],{"class":310},[61,87017,106],{"class":93},[61,87019,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87021,72],{"class":71},[61,87023,1010],{"class":310},[61,87025,86452],{"class":314},[61,87027,1010],{"class":310},[61,87029,664],{"class":93},[61,87031,47370],{"class":672},[61,87033,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87035,6433],{"class":93},[61,87037,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048,87051,87053,87055],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,87039,86966],{"class":86461},[61,87041,229],{"class":93},[61,87043,70021],{"class":102},[61,87045,94],{"class":93},[61,87047,1010],{"class":310},[61,87049,87050],{"class":314},"Another line",[61,87052,86979],{"class":34483},[61,87054,1010],{"class":310},[61,87056,258],{"class":93},[20,87058,69173,87059,87061],{},[15,87060,86816],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[47,87063,87065],{"id":87064},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87067,87068,22003,87070,229],{},[15,87069,86401],{},[3784,87071,86526],{},[20,87073,87074],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[164,87076,87077,87082,87087],{},[167,87078,87079],{},[15,87080,87081],{},"file.read()",[167,87083,87084],{},[15,87085,87086],{},"file.write()",[167,87088,87089],{},[15,87090,87091],{},"file.close()",[20,87093,87094],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87096,295],{},[52,87098,87100],{"className":54,"code":87099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87101,87102,87144],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87103,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87105,86420],{"class":672},[61,87107,86423],{"class":89},[61,87109,94],{"class":93},[61,87111,1010],{"class":310},[61,87113,86430],{"class":314},[61,87115,1010],{"class":310},[61,87117,106],{"class":93},[61,87119,311],{"class":310},[61,87121,60330],{"class":314},[61,87123,1010],{"class":310},[61,87125,106],{"class":93},[61,87127,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87129,72],{"class":71},[61,87131,1010],{"class":310},[61,87133,86452],{"class":314},[61,87135,1010],{"class":310},[61,87137,664],{"class":93},[61,87139,47370],{"class":672},[61,87141,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87143,6433],{"class":93},[61,87145,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87147,1141],{"class":89},[61,87149,94],{"class":93},[61,87151,657],{"class":109},[61,87153,94],{"class":93},[61,87155,86568],{"class":86461},[61,87157,342],{"class":93},[20,87159,30057],{},[52,87161,87163],{"className":54,"code":87162,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87164,87165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87166,87167,87169,87171,87173,87176,87178],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87168,3337],{"class":71},[61,87170,3340],{"class":882},[61,87172,3343],{"class":310},[61,87174,87175],{"class":314},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[61,87177,3348],{"class":310},[61,87179,3351],{"class":71},[20,87181,87182,87183,87185],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87184,86401],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[47,87187,87189],{"id":87188},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87191,87192],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[52,87194,87195],{"className":54,"code":86413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,87196,87197,87239,87253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87198,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87200,86420],{"class":672},[61,87202,86423],{"class":89},[61,87204,94],{"class":93},[61,87206,1010],{"class":310},[61,87208,86430],{"class":314},[61,87210,1010],{"class":310},[61,87212,106],{"class":93},[61,87214,311],{"class":310},[61,87216,60330],{"class":314},[61,87218,1010],{"class":310},[61,87220,106],{"class":93},[61,87222,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87224,72],{"class":71},[61,87226,1010],{"class":310},[61,87228,86452],{"class":314},[61,87230,1010],{"class":310},[61,87232,664],{"class":93},[61,87234,47370],{"class":672},[61,87236,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87238,6433],{"class":93},[61,87240,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87242,86469],{"class":67},[61,87244,72],{"class":71},[61,87246,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87248,229],{"class":93},[61,87250,86478],{"class":102},[61,87252,8676],{"class":93},[61,87254,87255,87257,87259,87261],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,87256,1141],{"class":89},[61,87258,94],{"class":93},[61,87260,86489],{"class":102},[61,87262,258],{"class":93},[20,87264,87265],{},"Why this is recommended:",[164,87267,87268,87273,87279,87282],{},[167,87269,87270,87272],{},[15,87271,86420],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[167,87274,87275,87276,87278],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87277,86556],{}," yourself",[167,87280,87281],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[167,87283,87284],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87286,83578,87287,87289],{},[15,87288,86420],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[52,87291,87292],{"className":54,"code":86561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,87293,87294,87332,87346,87356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87295,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87297,86568],{"class":86461},[61,87299,13303],{"class":71},[61,87301,86423],{"class":89},[61,87303,94],{"class":93},[61,87305,1010],{"class":310},[61,87307,86430],{"class":314},[61,87309,1010],{"class":310},[61,87311,106],{"class":93},[61,87313,311],{"class":310},[61,87315,60330],{"class":314},[61,87317,1010],{"class":310},[61,87319,106],{"class":93},[61,87321,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87323,72],{"class":71},[61,87325,1010],{"class":310},[61,87327,86452],{"class":314},[61,87329,1010],{"class":310},[61,87331,258],{"class":93},[61,87333,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87335,86607],{"class":67},[61,87337,72],{"class":71},[61,87339,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87341,229],{"class":93},[61,87343,86478],{"class":102},[61,87345,8676],{"class":93},[61,87347,87348,87350,87352,87354],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,87349,90],{"class":89},[61,87351,94],{"class":93},[61,87353,86489],{"class":102},[61,87355,258],{"class":93},[61,87357,87358,87360,87362,87364],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,87359,86568],{"class":86461},[61,87361,229],{"class":93},[61,87363,86636],{"class":102},[61,87365,8676],{"class":93},[20,87367,87368],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[47,87370,87372],{"id":87371},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87374,87375,87376,87378],{},"Use mode ",[15,87377,86499],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[260,87380,87382],{"id":87381},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87384,87385,87387],{},[15,87386,86536],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[52,87389,87390],{"className":54,"code":86413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,87391,87392,87434,87448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87393,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87395,86420],{"class":672},[61,87397,86423],{"class":89},[61,87399,94],{"class":93},[61,87401,1010],{"class":310},[61,87403,86430],{"class":314},[61,87405,1010],{"class":310},[61,87407,106],{"class":93},[61,87409,311],{"class":310},[61,87411,60330],{"class":314},[61,87413,1010],{"class":310},[61,87415,106],{"class":93},[61,87417,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87419,72],{"class":71},[61,87421,1010],{"class":310},[61,87423,86452],{"class":314},[61,87425,1010],{"class":310},[61,87427,664],{"class":93},[61,87429,47370],{"class":672},[61,87431,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87433,6433],{"class":93},[61,87435,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87437,86469],{"class":67},[61,87439,72],{"class":71},[61,87441,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87443,229],{"class":93},[61,87445,86478],{"class":102},[61,87447,8676],{"class":93},[61,87449,87450,87452,87454,87456],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,87451,1141],{"class":89},[61,87453,94],{"class":93},[61,87455,86489],{"class":102},[61,87457,258],{"class":93},[260,87459,87461],{"id":87460},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87463,87464,87466],{},[15,87465,86541],{}," reads one line at a time.",[52,87468,87470],{"className":54,"code":87469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87471,87472,87514,87530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87473,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87475,86420],{"class":672},[61,87477,86423],{"class":89},[61,87479,94],{"class":93},[61,87481,1010],{"class":310},[61,87483,86430],{"class":314},[61,87485,1010],{"class":310},[61,87487,106],{"class":93},[61,87489,311],{"class":310},[61,87491,60330],{"class":314},[61,87493,1010],{"class":310},[61,87495,106],{"class":93},[61,87497,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87499,72],{"class":71},[61,87501,1010],{"class":310},[61,87503,86452],{"class":314},[61,87505,1010],{"class":310},[61,87507,664],{"class":93},[61,87509,47370],{"class":672},[61,87511,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87513,6433],{"class":93},[61,87515,87516,87519,87521,87523,87525,87528],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87517,87518],{"class":67},"    first_line ",[61,87520,72],{"class":71},[61,87522,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87524,229],{"class":93},[61,87526,87527],{"class":102},"readline",[61,87529,8676],{"class":93},[61,87531,87532,87534,87536,87539],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,87533,1141],{"class":89},[61,87535,94],{"class":93},[61,87537,87538],{"class":102},"first_line",[61,87540,258],{"class":93},[260,87542,87544],{"id":87543},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87546,87547],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[52,87549,87551],{"className":54,"code":87550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87552,87553,87595,87609],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87554,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87556,86420],{"class":672},[61,87558,86423],{"class":89},[61,87560,94],{"class":93},[61,87562,1010],{"class":310},[61,87564,86430],{"class":314},[61,87566,1010],{"class":310},[61,87568,106],{"class":93},[61,87570,311],{"class":310},[61,87572,60330],{"class":314},[61,87574,1010],{"class":310},[61,87576,106],{"class":93},[61,87578,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87580,72],{"class":71},[61,87582,1010],{"class":310},[61,87584,86452],{"class":314},[61,87586,1010],{"class":310},[61,87588,664],{"class":93},[61,87590,47370],{"class":672},[61,87592,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87594,6433],{"class":93},[61,87596,87597,87600,87603,87605,87607],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87598,87599],{"class":672},"    for",[61,87601,87602],{"class":67}," line ",[61,87604,3924],{"class":672},[61,87606,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87608,6433],{"class":93},[61,87610,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,87612,47350],{"class":89},[61,87614,94],{"class":93},[61,87616,63],{"class":102},[61,87618,229],{"class":93},[61,87620,8667],{"class":102},[61,87622,7228],{"class":93},[20,87624,87625,87626,31,87630,229],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[221,87627,87629],{"href":87628},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[221,87631,87633],{"href":87632},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[47,87635,87637],{"id":87636},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87639,143,87640,87642],{},[15,87641,86816],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[52,87644,87646],{"className":54,"code":87645,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87647,87648,87691,87712],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87649,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87651,86420],{"class":672},[61,87653,86423],{"class":89},[61,87655,94],{"class":93},[61,87657,1010],{"class":310},[61,87659,87660],{"class":314},"output.txt",[61,87662,1010],{"class":310},[61,87664,106],{"class":93},[61,87666,311],{"class":310},[61,87668,60313],{"class":314},[61,87670,1010],{"class":310},[61,87672,106],{"class":93},[61,87674,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87676,72],{"class":71},[61,87678,1010],{"class":310},[61,87680,86452],{"class":314},[61,87682,1010],{"class":310},[61,87684,664],{"class":93},[61,87686,47370],{"class":672},[61,87688,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87690,6433],{"class":93},[61,87692,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87706,87708,87710],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87694,86966],{"class":86461},[61,87696,229],{"class":93},[61,87698,70021],{"class":102},[61,87700,94],{"class":93},[61,87702,1010],{"class":310},[61,87704,87705],{"class":314},"First line",[61,87707,86979],{"class":34483},[61,87709,1010],{"class":310},[61,87711,258],{"class":93},[61,87713,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87727,87729,87731],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,87715,86966],{"class":86461},[61,87717,229],{"class":93},[61,87719,70021],{"class":102},[61,87721,94],{"class":93},[61,87723,1010],{"class":310},[61,87725,87726],{"class":314},"Second line",[61,87728,86979],{"class":34483},[61,87730,1010],{"class":310},[61,87732,258],{"class":93},[20,87734,143,87735,87737],{},[15,87736,18123],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[52,87739,87741],{"className":54,"code":87740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87742,87743,87785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87744,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87746,86420],{"class":672},[61,87748,86423],{"class":89},[61,87750,94],{"class":93},[61,87752,1010],{"class":310},[61,87754,87660],{"class":314},[61,87756,1010],{"class":310},[61,87758,106],{"class":93},[61,87760,311],{"class":310},[61,87762,221],{"class":314},[61,87764,1010],{"class":310},[61,87766,106],{"class":93},[61,87768,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87770,72],{"class":71},[61,87772,1010],{"class":310},[61,87774,86452],{"class":314},[61,87776,1010],{"class":310},[61,87778,664],{"class":93},[61,87780,47370],{"class":672},[61,87782,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87784,6433],{"class":93},[61,87786,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87800,87802,87804],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87788,86966],{"class":86461},[61,87790,229],{"class":93},[61,87792,70021],{"class":102},[61,87794,94],{"class":93},[61,87796,1010],{"class":310},[61,87798,87799],{"class":314},"Third line",[61,87801,86979],{"class":34483},[61,87803,1010],{"class":310},[61,87805,258],{"class":93},[20,87807,87808],{},"Important detail:",[164,87810,87811,87816,87823],{},[167,87812,87813,87815],{},[15,87814,86551],{}," writes a string",[167,87817,87818,14080,87820,87822],{},[15,87819,86551],{},[3784,87821,4670],{}," add a newline for you",[167,87824,87825,87826,87278],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87827,86979],{},[20,87829,87830,87831,31,87835,229],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[221,87832,87834],{"href":87833},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[221,87836,87838],{"href":87837},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[47,87840,87842],{"id":87841},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87844,87845],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[260,87847,87849],{"id":87848},"encodingutf-8",[15,87850,86796],{},[20,87852,87853],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[52,87855,87857],{"className":54,"code":87856,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87858,87859,87902],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87860,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87862,86420],{"class":672},[61,87864,86423],{"class":89},[61,87866,94],{"class":93},[61,87868,1010],{"class":310},[61,87870,87871],{"class":314},"message.txt",[61,87873,1010],{"class":310},[61,87875,106],{"class":93},[61,87877,311],{"class":310},[61,87879,60330],{"class":314},[61,87881,1010],{"class":310},[61,87883,106],{"class":93},[61,87885,86445],{"class":9208},[61,87887,72],{"class":71},[61,87889,1010],{"class":310},[61,87891,86452],{"class":314},[61,87893,1010],{"class":310},[61,87895,664],{"class":93},[61,87897,47370],{"class":672},[61,87899,86462],{"class":86461},[61,87901,6433],{"class":93},[61,87903,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,87905,1141],{"class":89},[61,87907,94],{"class":93},[61,87909,86568],{"class":86461},[61,87911,229],{"class":93},[61,87913,86478],{"class":102},[61,87915,7228],{"class":93},[20,87917,87918],{},"Why it matters:",[164,87920,87921,87924,87927],{},[167,87922,87923],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[167,87925,87926],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[167,87928,87929],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[260,87931,87933],{"id":87932},"newline",[15,87934,87932],{},[20,87936,87937],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87939,87940],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[260,87942,87944],{"id":87943},"buffering",[15,87945,87943],{},[20,87947,87948],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87950,87951],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[47,87953,87955],{"id":87954},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87957,87958],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[260,87960,87962],{"id":87961},"filenotfounderror",[15,87963,87964],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87966,87967],{},"This happens when:",[164,87969,87970,87973,87976],{},[167,87971,87972],{},"the file does not exist",[167,87974,87975],{},"the path is wrong",[167,87977,87978],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87980,295],{},[52,87982,87984],{"className":54,"code":87983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87985,87986,88029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87987,87988,87990,87992,87994,87996,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023,88025,88027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87989,86420],{"class":672},[61,87991,86423],{"class":89},[61,87993,94],{"class":93},[61,87995,1010],{"class":310},[61,87997,87998],{"class":314},"missing.txt",[61,88000,1010],{"class":310},[61,88002,106],{"class":93},[61,88004,311],{"class":310},[61,88006,60330],{"class":314},[61,88008,1010],{"class":310},[61,88010,106],{"class":93},[61,88012,86445],{"class":9208},[61,88014,72],{"class":71},[61,88016,1010],{"class":310},[61,88018,86452],{"class":314},[61,88020,1010],{"class":310},[61,88022,664],{"class":93},[61,88024,47370],{"class":672},[61,88026,86462],{"class":86461},[61,88028,6433],{"class":93},[61,88030,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039,88041],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88032,1141],{"class":89},[61,88034,94],{"class":93},[61,88036,86568],{"class":86461},[61,88038,229],{"class":93},[61,88040,86478],{"class":102},[61,88042,7228],{"class":93},[20,88044,88045,88046,749,88054,229],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[221,88047,88049,88050,88053],{"href":88048},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[61,88051,88052],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[221,88055,88057],{"href":88056},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[260,88059,88061],{"id":88060},"permissionerror",[15,88062,88063],{},"PermissionError",[20,88065,88066],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88068,88069],{},"Example causes:",[164,88071,88072,88075,88078],{},[167,88073,88074],{},"the file is protected",[167,88076,88077],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[167,88079,88080],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88082,88083,88084],{},"Related page: ",[221,88085,88087,88088,88091],{"href":88086},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[61,88089,88090],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[260,88093,88095],{"id":88094},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88096,88097],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88099,88100],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88102,295],{},[52,88104,88106],{"className":54,"code":88105,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88107,88108,88151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88109,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88121,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88111,86420],{"class":672},[61,88113,86423],{"class":89},[61,88115,94],{"class":93},[61,88117,1010],{"class":310},[61,88119,88120],{"class":314},"my_folder",[61,88122,1010],{"class":310},[61,88124,106],{"class":93},[61,88126,311],{"class":310},[61,88128,60330],{"class":314},[61,88130,1010],{"class":310},[61,88132,106],{"class":93},[61,88134,86445],{"class":9208},[61,88136,72],{"class":71},[61,88138,1010],{"class":310},[61,88140,86452],{"class":314},[61,88142,1010],{"class":310},[61,88144,664],{"class":93},[61,88146,47370],{"class":672},[61,88148,86462],{"class":86461},[61,88150,6433],{"class":93},[61,88152,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88154,1141],{"class":89},[61,88156,94],{"class":93},[61,88158,86568],{"class":86461},[61,88160,229],{"class":93},[61,88162,86478],{"class":102},[61,88164,7228],{"class":93},[20,88166,88083,88167],{},[221,88168,88170,88171,88174],{"href":88169},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[61,88172,88173],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[260,88176,88178],{"id":88177},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88179,88180],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88182,88183,88184,229],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88185,86401],{},[20,88187,88083,88188],{},[221,88189,88191],{"href":88190},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[47,88193,88195],{"id":88194},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88197,88198,88199,88201],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88200,86401],{}," function.",[20,88203,88204],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[164,88206,88207,88210,88213,88219],{},[167,88208,88209],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[167,88211,88212],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[167,88214,88215,88216,88218],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88217,86401],{}," itself",[167,88220,88221,88222],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[221,88223,88225],{"href":88224},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[47,88227,2878],{"id":2877},[20,88229,88230,88231,1314],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88232,86401],{},[164,88234,88235,88240,88246,88251,88254,88257],{},[167,88236,8449,88237,88239],{},[15,88238,86499],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[167,88241,88242,88243,88245],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88244,86700],{}," for text files",[167,88247,8449,88248,88250],{},[15,88249,86816],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[167,88252,88253],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[167,88255,88256],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[167,88258,88259],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88261,88262],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[52,88264,88266],{"className":54,"code":88265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88267,88268,88275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88269,88270,88272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88271,35116],{"class":672},[61,88273,88274],{"class":67}," os\n",[61,88276,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88288],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88278,90],{"class":89},[61,88280,94],{"class":93},[61,88282,42648],{"class":102},[61,88284,229],{"class":93},[61,88286,88287],{"class":102},"getcwd",[61,88289,7228],{"class":93},[20,88291,88292],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[52,88294,88296],{"className":54,"code":88295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88297,88298,88304],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88299,88300,88302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88301,35116],{"class":672},[61,88303,88274],{"class":67},[61,88305,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88317,88319,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88307,90],{"class":89},[61,88309,94],{"class":93},[61,88311,42648],{"class":102},[61,88313,229],{"class":93},[61,88315,88316],{"class":24778},"path",[61,88318,229],{"class":93},[61,88320,88321],{"class":102},"exists",[61,88323,94],{"class":93},[61,88325,1010],{"class":310},[61,88327,86430],{"class":314},[61,88329,1010],{"class":310},[61,88331,342],{"class":93},[20,88333,88334],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[52,88336,88338],{"className":54,"code":88337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88339,88340,88346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88341,88342,88344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88343,35116],{"class":672},[61,88345,88274],{"class":67},[61,88347,88348,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360,88363,88365,88367,88369,88371],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88349,90],{"class":89},[61,88351,94],{"class":93},[61,88353,42648],{"class":102},[61,88355,229],{"class":93},[61,88357,88316],{"class":24778},[61,88359,229],{"class":93},[61,88361,88362],{"class":102},"isfile",[61,88364,94],{"class":93},[61,88366,1010],{"class":310},[61,88368,86430],{"class":314},[61,88370,1010],{"class":310},[61,88372,342],{"class":93},[20,88374,88375],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[52,88377,88379],{"className":54,"code":88378,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88380,88381,88423],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88382,88383,88385,88387,88389,88391,88393,88395,88397,88399,88401,88403,88405,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417,88419,88421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88384,86420],{"class":672},[61,88386,86423],{"class":89},[61,88388,94],{"class":93},[61,88390,1010],{"class":310},[61,88392,86430],{"class":314},[61,88394,1010],{"class":310},[61,88396,106],{"class":93},[61,88398,311],{"class":310},[61,88400,60330],{"class":314},[61,88402,1010],{"class":310},[61,88404,106],{"class":93},[61,88406,86445],{"class":9208},[61,88408,72],{"class":71},[61,88410,1010],{"class":310},[61,88412,86452],{"class":314},[61,88414,1010],{"class":310},[61,88416,664],{"class":93},[61,88418,47370],{"class":672},[61,88420,86462],{"class":86461},[61,88422,6433],{"class":93},[61,88424,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88426,1141],{"class":89},[61,88428,94],{"class":93},[61,88430,86568],{"class":86461},[61,88432,229],{"class":93},[61,88434,86478],{"class":102},[61,88436,7228],{"class":93},[20,88438,88439],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[47,88441,1879],{"id":1878},[260,88443,88445],{"id":88444},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88447,88448],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[260,88450,88452],{"id":88451},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88454,88455,88456,88458],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88457,86420],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[260,88460,1911,88462,749,88464,88466],{"id":88461},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88463,86816],{},[15,88465,18123],{}," mode?",[20,88468,88469,88471,88472,88474],{},[15,88470,86816],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88473,18123],{}," adds new content to the end.",[260,88476,88478],{"id":88477},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88480,88481],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[260,88483,88485],{"id":88484},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88487,88488,88489,88491],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88490,86796],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[47,88493,1938],{"id":1937},[164,88495,88496,88500,88504,88508,88512,88516,88520,88526],{},[167,88497,88498],{},[221,88499,87629],{"href":87628},[167,88501,88502],{},[221,88503,87834],{"href":87833},[167,88505,88506],{},[221,88507,87838],{"href":87837},[167,88509,88510],{},[221,88511,87633],{"href":87632},[167,88513,88514],{},[221,88515,88225],{"href":88224},[167,88517,88518],{},[221,88519,88057],{"href":88056},[167,88521,88522],{},[221,88523,88049,88524,88053],{"href":88048},[61,88525,88052],{},[167,88527,88528],{},[221,88529,88087,88530,88091],{"href":88086},[61,88531,88090],{},[1969,88533,88534],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":88536},[88537,88538,88539,88540,88541,88542,88543,88548,88549,88554,88560,88561,88562,88570],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":86503,"depth":79,"text":86504},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":86800,"depth":79,"text":86801},{"id":87064,"depth":79,"text":87065},{"id":87188,"depth":79,"text":87189},{"id":87371,"depth":79,"text":87372,"children":88544},[88545,88546,88547],{"id":87381,"depth":86,"text":87382},{"id":87460,"depth":86,"text":87461},{"id":87543,"depth":86,"text":87544},{"id":87636,"depth":79,"text":87637},{"id":87841,"depth":79,"text":87842,"children":88550},[88551,88552,88553],{"id":87848,"depth":86,"text":86796},{"id":87932,"depth":86,"text":87932},{"id":87943,"depth":86,"text":87943},{"id":87954,"depth":79,"text":87955,"children":88555},[88556,88557,88558,88559],{"id":87961,"depth":86,"text":87964},{"id":88060,"depth":86,"text":88063},{"id":88094,"depth":86,"text":88097},{"id":88177,"depth":86,"text":88180},{"id":88194,"depth":79,"text":88195},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":88563},[88564,88565,88566,88568,88569],{"id":88444,"depth":86,"text":88445},{"id":88451,"depth":86,"text":88452},{"id":88461,"depth":86,"text":88567},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88477,"depth":86,"text":88478},{"id":88484,"depth":86,"text":88485},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86391,"description":88571},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88578,"title":88579,"body":88580,"description":90575,"extension":2017,"meta":90576,"navigation":82,"path":90577,"seo":90578,"stem":90579,"__hash__":90580},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88581,"toc":90522},[88582,88587,88592,88598,88600,88668,88670,88689,88694,88699,88704,88707,88719,88721,88764,88766,88784,88795,88797,88799,88824,88826,88837,88839,88899,88901,88927,88930,88934,88939,88943,88946,88980,88984,88987,89012,89016,89039,89043,89076,89081,89085,89090,89093,89161,89163,89187,89192,89195,89226,89228,89260,89277,89281,89286,89310,89317,89322,89327,89330,89334,89369,89371,89380,89384,89475,89477,89508,89513,89520,89525,89534,89537,89571,89573,89587,89591,89632,89634,89643,89647,89695,89697,89711,89716,89727,89734,89740,89742,89777,89779,89793,89796,89818,89824,89853,89864,89870,89876,89890,89892,89971,89973,90023,90030,90032,90037,90041,90044,90059,90064,90066,90085,90091,90094,90109,90111,90129,90135,90140,90170,90173,90196,90199,90226,90233,90239,90247,90270,90275,90283,90285,90305,90309,90315,90365,90368,90390,90392,90398,90406,90412,90418,90426,90431,90435,90438,90461,90466,90473,90485,90487,90519],[10,88583,13,88585,18],{"id":88584},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88586,46467],{},[20,88588,32346,88589,88591],{},[15,88590,46467],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88593,88594,88595,88597],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88596,46467],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[47,88599,2059],{"id":2058},[52,88601,88603],{"className":54,"code":88602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88604,88605,88617,88626,88630,88640,88650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88606,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88608,305],{"class":67},[61,88610,72],{"class":71},[61,88612,311],{"class":310},[61,88614,7956],{"class":314},[61,88616,318],{"class":310},[61,88618,88619,88621,88623],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88620,21656],{"class":67},[61,88622,72],{"class":71},[61,88624,88625],{"class":75}," 12\n",[61,88627,88628],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,88629,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,88631,88632,88634,88636,88638],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,88633,90],{"class":89},[61,88635,94],{"class":93},[61,88637,335],{"class":102},[61,88639,258],{"class":93},[61,88641,88642,88644,88646,88648],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,88643,90],{"class":89},[61,88645,94],{"class":93},[61,88647,9331],{"class":102},[61,88649,258],{"class":93},[61,88651,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,88653,90],{"class":89},[61,88655,94],{"class":93},[61,88657,1010],{"class":310},[61,88659,34892],{"class":314},[61,88661,1010],{"class":310},[61,88663,106],{"class":93},[61,88665,36018],{"class":102},[61,88667,258],{"class":93},[20,88669,345],{},[52,88671,88673],{"className":54,"code":88672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88674,88675,88680,88684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88676,88677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88678,88679],{"class":67},"Mia\n",[61,88681,88682],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88683,2277],{"class":75},[61,88685,88686],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,88687,88688],{"class":67},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88690,143,88691,88693],{},[15,88692,46467],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[47,88695,151,88697,154],{"id":88696},"what-print-does",[15,88698,46467],{},[20,88700,88701,88703],{},[15,88702,46467],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88705,88706],{},"You can use it to display:",[164,88708,88709,88711,88713,88716],{},[167,88710,476],{},[167,88712,3691],{},[167,88714,88715],{},"variables",[167,88717,88718],{},"expressions",[20,88720,295],{},[52,88722,88724],{"className":54,"code":88723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88725,88726,88740,88750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88727,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736,88738],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88729,90],{"class":89},[61,88731,94],{"class":93},[61,88733,1010],{"class":310},[61,88735,34892],{"class":314},[61,88737,1010],{"class":310},[61,88739,258],{"class":93},[61,88741,88742,88744,88746,88748],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88743,90],{"class":89},[61,88745,94],{"class":93},[61,88747,2192],{"class":75},[61,88749,258],{"class":93},[61,88751,88752,88754,88756,88758,88760,88762],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,88753,90],{"class":89},[61,88755,94],{"class":93},[61,88757,2113],{"class":75},[61,88759,2502],{"class":71},[61,88761,1020],{"class":75},[61,88763,258],{"class":93},[20,88765,345],{},[52,88767,88769],{"className":54,"code":88768,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88770,88771,88776,88780],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88772,88773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88774,88775],{"class":67},"Hello\n",[61,88777,88778],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88779,2994],{"class":75},[61,88781,88782],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,88783,2994],{"class":75},[20,88785,88786,88787,88789,88790,88794],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88788,46467],{}," ",[3784,88791,3732,88792],{},[15,88793,3820],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[47,88796,233],{"id":232},[20,88798,30753],{},[52,88800,88802],{"className":54,"code":88801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88803,88804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88805,88806,88808,88810,88813,88815,88818,88820,88822],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88807,90],{"class":89},[61,88809,94],{"class":93},[61,88811,88812],{"class":102},"object1",[61,88814,106],{"class":93},[61,88816,88817],{"class":102}," object2",[61,88819,106],{"class":93},[61,88821,34484],{"class":89},[61,88823,258],{"class":93},[20,88825,80029],{},[164,88827,88828,88831,88834],{},[167,88829,88830],{},"one value",[167,88832,88833],{},"many values",[167,88835,88836],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88838,295],{},[52,88840,88842],{"className":54,"code":88841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88843,88844,88858,88877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88845,88846,88848,88850,88852,88854,88856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88847,90],{"class":89},[61,88849,94],{"class":93},[61,88851,1010],{"class":310},[61,88853,57592],{"class":314},[61,88855,1010],{"class":310},[61,88857,258],{"class":93},[61,88859,88860,88862,88864,88866,88869,88871,88873,88875],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88861,90],{"class":89},[61,88863,94],{"class":93},[61,88865,1010],{"class":310},[61,88867,88868],{"class":314},"Score:",[61,88870,1010],{"class":310},[61,88872,106],{"class":93},[61,88874,6043],{"class":75},[61,88876,258],{"class":93},[61,88878,88879,88881,88883,88885,88887,88889,88891,88893,88895,88897],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,88880,90],{"class":89},[61,88882,94],{"class":93},[61,88884,1010],{"class":310},[61,88886,45578],{"class":314},[61,88888,1010],{"class":310},[61,88890,106],{"class":93},[61,88892,2505],{"class":75},[61,88894,2502],{"class":71},[61,88896,37672],{"class":75},[61,88898,258],{"class":93},[20,88900,345],{},[52,88902,88904],{"className":54,"code":88903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88905,88906,88910,88919],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88907,88908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88909,85182],{"class":67},[61,88911,88912,88915,88917],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88913,88914],{"class":67},"Score",[61,88916,1314],{"class":93},[61,88918,76],{"class":75},[61,88920,88921,88923,88925],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,88922,45618],{"class":67},[61,88924,1314],{"class":93},[61,88926,76],{"class":75},[20,88928,88929],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[47,88931,88933],{"id":88932},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88935,88936,88937,229],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88938,46467],{},[260,88940,88942],{"id":88941},"print-text","Print text",[20,88944,88945],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[52,88947,88949],{"className":54,"code":88948,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88950,88951,88965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88952,88953,88955,88957,88959,88961,88963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88954,90],{"class":89},[61,88956,94],{"class":93},[61,88958,1010],{"class":310},[61,88960,34892],{"class":314},[61,88962,1010],{"class":310},[61,88964,258],{"class":93},[61,88966,88967,88969,88971,88973,88976,88978],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,88968,90],{"class":89},[61,88970,94],{"class":93},[61,88972,1010],{"class":310},[61,88974,88975],{"class":314},"Python is fun",[61,88977,1010],{"class":310},[61,88979,258],{"class":93},[260,88981,88983],{"id":88982},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88985,88986],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[52,88988,88990],{"className":54,"code":88989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88991,88992,89002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88993,88994,88996,88998,89000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88995,90],{"class":89},[61,88997,94],{"class":93},[61,88999,2192],{"class":75},[61,89001,258],{"class":93},[61,89003,89004,89006,89008,89010],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89005,90],{"class":89},[61,89007,94],{"class":93},[61,89009,40170],{"class":75},[61,89011,258],{"class":93},[260,89013,89015],{"id":89014},"print-variables","Print variables",[52,89017,89019],{"className":54,"code":89018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89020,89021,89029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89022,89023,89025,89027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89024,5136],{"class":67},[61,89026,72],{"class":71},[61,89028,14157],{"class":75},[61,89030,89031,89033,89035,89037],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89032,90],{"class":89},[61,89034,94],{"class":93},[61,89036,85346],{"class":102},[61,89038,258],{"class":93},[260,89040,89042],{"id":89041},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[52,89044,89046],{"className":54,"code":89045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89047,89048,89062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89049,89050,89052,89054,89056,89058,89060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89051,90],{"class":89},[61,89053,94],{"class":93},[61,89055,2113],{"class":75},[61,89057,2502],{"class":71},[61,89059,1020],{"class":75},[61,89061,258],{"class":93},[61,89063,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072,89074],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89065,90],{"class":89},[61,89067,94],{"class":93},[61,89069,2379],{"class":75},[61,89071,82658],{"class":71},[61,89073,2505],{"class":75},[61,89075,258],{"class":93},[20,89077,89078,89079,229],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[221,89080,50798],{"href":50797},[47,89082,89084],{"id":89083},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89086,89087,89089],{},[15,89088,46467],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89091,89092],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[52,89094,89096],{"className":54,"code":89095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89097,89098,89111,89119,89123,89142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89099,89100,89102,89104,89106,89109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89101,305],{"class":67},[61,89103,72],{"class":71},[61,89105,311],{"class":310},[61,89107,89108],{"class":314},"Ava",[61,89110,318],{"class":310},[61,89112,89113,89115,89117],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89114,21656],{"class":67},[61,89116,72],{"class":71},[61,89118,76],{"class":75},[61,89120,89121],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,89122,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,89124,89125,89127,89129,89131,89134,89136,89138,89140],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,89126,90],{"class":89},[61,89128,94],{"class":93},[61,89130,1010],{"class":310},[61,89132,89133],{"class":314},"Name:",[61,89135,1010],{"class":310},[61,89137,106],{"class":93},[61,89139,36018],{"class":102},[61,89141,258],{"class":93},[61,89143,89144,89146,89148,89150,89153,89155,89157,89159],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,89145,90],{"class":89},[61,89147,94],{"class":93},[61,89149,1010],{"class":310},[61,89151,89152],{"class":314},"Age:",[61,89154,1010],{"class":310},[61,89156,106],{"class":93},[61,89158,9221],{"class":102},[61,89160,258],{"class":93},[20,89162,345],{},[52,89164,89166],{"className":54,"code":89165,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89167,89168,89178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89169,89170,89173,89175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89171,89172],{"class":67},"Name",[61,89174,1314],{"class":93},[61,89176,89177],{"class":67}," Ava\n",[61,89179,89180,89183,89185],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89181,89182],{"class":67},"Age",[61,89184,1314],{"class":93},[61,89186,76],{"class":75},[20,89188,89189,89190,229],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89191,2116],{},[20,89193,89194],{},"For example, this works:",[52,89196,89198],{"className":54,"code":89197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89199,89200,89208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89201,89202,89204,89206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89203,21656],{"class":67},[61,89205,72],{"class":71},[61,89207,76],{"class":75},[61,89209,89210,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89211,90],{"class":89},[61,89213,94],{"class":93},[61,89215,1010],{"class":310},[61,89217,89152],{"class":314},[61,89219,1010],{"class":310},[61,89221,106],{"class":93},[61,89223,9221],{"class":102},[61,89225,258],{"class":93},[20,89227,36954],{},[52,89229,89231],{"className":54,"code":89230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89232,89233,89241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89234,89235,89237,89239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89236,21656],{"class":67},[61,89238,72],{"class":71},[61,89240,76],{"class":75},[61,89242,89243,89245,89247,89249,89252,89254,89256,89258],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89244,90],{"class":89},[61,89246,94],{"class":93},[61,89248,1010],{"class":310},[61,89250,89251],{"class":314},"Age: ",[61,89253,1010],{"class":310},[61,89255,2502],{"class":71},[61,89257,9221],{"class":102},[61,89259,258],{"class":93},[20,89261,89262,89263,89266,89267,89269,89270,89272,89273,229],{},"That fails because ",[15,89264,89265],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89268,9331],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89271,2116],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[221,89274,89275],{"href":42198},[15,89276,47696],{},[47,89278,89280],{"id":89279},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89282,89283,89285],{},[15,89284,46467],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[164,89287,89288,89294,89299,89304],{},[167,89289,89290,89293],{},[15,89291,89292],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[167,89295,89296,89298],{},[15,89297,52483],{}," controls what is added after the output",[167,89300,89301,89303],{},[15,89302,86568],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[167,89305,89306,89309],{},[15,89307,89308],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89311,89312,89313,749,89315,229],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89314,89292],{},[15,89316,52483],{},[47,89318,89320,36643],{"id":89319},"sep-argument",[15,89321,89292],{},[20,89323,2034,89324,89326],{},[15,89325,89292],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89328,89329],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[260,89331,89333],{"id":89332},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[52,89335,89337],{"className":54,"code":89336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89338,89339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89340,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351,89353,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89342,90],{"class":89},[61,89344,94],{"class":93},[61,89346,1010],{"class":310},[61,89348,13119],{"class":314},[61,89350,1010],{"class":310},[61,89352,106],{"class":93},[61,89354,311],{"class":310},[61,89356,17482],{"class":314},[61,89358,1010],{"class":310},[61,89360,106],{"class":93},[61,89362,311],{"class":310},[61,89364,13136],{"class":314},[61,89366,1010],{"class":310},[61,89368,258],{"class":93},[20,89370,345],{},[52,89372,89374],{"className":54,"code":89373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red green blue\n",[15,89375,89376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89377,89378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89379,89373],{"class":67},[260,89381,89383],{"id":89382},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[52,89385,89387],{"className":54,"code":89386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89388,89389,89432],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89390,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417,89419,89422,89424,89426,89428,89430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89392,90],{"class":89},[61,89394,94],{"class":93},[61,89396,1010],{"class":310},[61,89398,13119],{"class":314},[61,89400,1010],{"class":310},[61,89402,106],{"class":93},[61,89404,311],{"class":310},[61,89406,17482],{"class":314},[61,89408,1010],{"class":310},[61,89410,106],{"class":93},[61,89412,311],{"class":310},[61,89414,13136],{"class":314},[61,89416,1010],{"class":310},[61,89418,106],{"class":93},[61,89420,89421],{"class":9208}," sep",[61,89423,72],{"class":71},[61,89425,1010],{"class":310},[61,89427,106],{"class":314},[61,89429,1010],{"class":310},[61,89431,258],{"class":93},[61,89433,89434,89436,89438,89440,89442,89444,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468,89471,89473],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89435,90],{"class":89},[61,89437,94],{"class":93},[61,89439,1010],{"class":310},[61,89441,13119],{"class":314},[61,89443,1010],{"class":310},[61,89445,106],{"class":93},[61,89447,311],{"class":310},[61,89449,17482],{"class":314},[61,89451,1010],{"class":310},[61,89453,106],{"class":93},[61,89455,311],{"class":310},[61,89457,13136],{"class":314},[61,89459,1010],{"class":310},[61,89461,106],{"class":93},[61,89463,89421],{"class":9208},[61,89465,72],{"class":71},[61,89467,1010],{"class":310},[61,89469,89470],{"class":314}," - ",[61,89472,1010],{"class":310},[61,89474,258],{"class":93},[20,89476,345],{},[52,89478,89480],{"className":54,"code":89479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89481,89482,89494],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89483,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89485,13119],{"class":67},[61,89487,106],{"class":93},[61,89489,17482],{"class":67},[61,89491,106],{"class":93},[61,89493,69807],{"class":67},[61,89495,89496,89499,89501,89504,89506],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89497,89498],{"class":67},"red ",[61,89500,2078],{"class":71},[61,89502,89503],{"class":67}," green ",[61,89505,2078],{"class":71},[61,89507,35907],{"class":67},[20,89509,89510,89512],{},[15,89511,89292],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89514,89515,89516,229],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[221,89517,89519],{"href":89518},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[47,89521,89523,36643],{"id":89522},"end-argument",[15,89524,52483],{},[20,89526,89527,89528,89530,89531,89533],{},"By default, ",[15,89529,46467],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89532,46467],{}," starts on a new line.",[260,89535,89333],{"id":89536},"default-behavior-1",[52,89538,89540],{"className":54,"code":89539,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89541,89542,89556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89543,89544,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89545,90],{"class":89},[61,89547,94],{"class":93},[61,89549,1010],{"class":310},[61,89551,34892],{"class":314},[61,89553,1010],{"class":310},[61,89555,258],{"class":93},[61,89557,89558,89560,89562,89564,89567,89569],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89559,90],{"class":89},[61,89561,94],{"class":93},[61,89563,1010],{"class":310},[61,89565,89566],{"class":314},"World",[61,89568,1010],{"class":310},[61,89570,258],{"class":93},[20,89572,345],{},[52,89574,89576],{"className":54,"code":89575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89577,89578,89582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89579,89580],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89581,88775],{"class":67},[61,89583,89584],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89585,89586],{"class":67},"World\n",[260,89588,89590],{"id":89589},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[52,89592,89594],{"className":54,"code":89593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89595,89596,89618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89597,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89599,90],{"class":89},[61,89601,94],{"class":93},[61,89603,1010],{"class":310},[61,89605,34892],{"class":314},[61,89607,1010],{"class":310},[61,89609,106],{"class":93},[61,89611,64866],{"class":9208},[61,89613,72],{"class":71},[61,89615,6311],{"class":310},[61,89617,258],{"class":93},[61,89619,89620,89622,89624,89626,89628,89630],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89621,90],{"class":89},[61,89623,94],{"class":93},[61,89625,1010],{"class":310},[61,89627,89566],{"class":314},[61,89629,1010],{"class":310},[61,89631,258],{"class":93},[20,89633,345],{},[52,89635,89637],{"className":54,"code":89636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89638,89639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89640,89641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89642,89636],{"class":67},[260,89644,89646],{"id":89645},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[52,89648,89650],{"className":54,"code":89649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89651,89652,89681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89653,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89675,89677,89679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89655,90],{"class":89},[61,89657,94],{"class":93},[61,89659,1010],{"class":310},[61,89661,34892],{"class":314},[61,89663,1010],{"class":310},[61,89665,106],{"class":93},[61,89667,64866],{"class":9208},[61,89669,72],{"class":71},[61,89671,1010],{"class":310},[61,89673,89674],{"class":314},"!",[61,89676,86979],{"class":34483},[61,89678,1010],{"class":310},[61,89680,258],{"class":93},[61,89682,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691,89693],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89684,90],{"class":89},[61,89686,94],{"class":93},[61,89688,1010],{"class":310},[61,89690,89566],{"class":314},[61,89692,1010],{"class":310},[61,89694,258],{"class":93},[20,89696,345],{},[52,89698,89700],{"className":54,"code":89699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89701,89702,89707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89703,89704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89705,89706],{"class":67},"Hello!\n",[61,89708,89709],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89710,89586],{"class":67},[20,89712,2034,89713,89715],{},[15,89714,52483],{}," argument is useful for:",[164,89717,89718,89721,89724],{},[167,89719,89720],{},"progress messages",[167,89722,89723],{},"inline output",[167,89725,89726],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[47,89728,89730,2446,89732],{"id":89729},"print-returns-none",[15,89731,46467],{},[15,89733,3820],{},[20,89735,89736,89737,89739],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89738,46467],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89741,295],{},[52,89743,89745],{"className":54,"code":89744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89746,89747,89767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89748,89749,89751,89753,89756,89758,89760,89763,89765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89750,1593],{"class":67},[61,89752,72],{"class":71},[61,89754,89755],{"class":89}," print",[61,89757,94],{"class":93},[61,89759,1010],{"class":310},[61,89761,89762],{"class":314},"Hi",[61,89764,1010],{"class":310},[61,89766,258],{"class":93},[61,89768,89769,89771,89773,89775],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89770,90],{"class":89},[61,89772,94],{"class":93},[61,89774,1620],{"class":102},[61,89776,258],{"class":93},[20,89778,345],{},[52,89780,89782],{"className":54,"code":89781,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89783,89784,89789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89785,89786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89787,89788],{"class":67},"Hi\n",[61,89790,89791],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89792,11835],{"class":355},[20,89794,89795],{},"Why does this happen?",[164,89797,89798,89806,89811],{},[167,89799,89800,89803,89804],{},[15,89801,89802],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89805,89762],{},[167,89807,89808,89809],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89810,3820],{},[167,89812,89813,89814,11947,89816],{},"so ",[15,89815,1620],{},[15,89817,3820],{},[20,89819,89820,89821,89823],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89822,46467],{}," call.",[52,89825,89827],{"className":54,"code":89826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89828,89829,89842],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89830,89831,89834,89836,89838,89840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89832,89833],{"class":67},"message ",[61,89835,72],{"class":71},[61,89837,311],{"class":310},[61,89839,89762],{"class":314},[61,89841,318],{"class":310},[61,89843,89844,89846,89848,89851],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89845,90],{"class":89},[61,89847,94],{"class":93},[61,89849,89850],{"class":102},"message",[61,89852,258],{"class":93},[20,89854,89855,89856,89858,89859,89863],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89857,46467],{}," with functions like ",[221,89860,89861],{"href":8252},[15,89862,3005],{},", which do return a value.",[47,89865,89867,89868],{"id":89866},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89869,46467],{},[20,89871,89872,89873,89875],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89874,46467],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[164,89877,89878,89881,89884,89887],{},[167,89879,89880],{},"to display results to the user",[167,89882,89883],{},"to show messages in a script",[167,89885,89886],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[167,89888,89889],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89891,295],{},[52,89893,89895],{"className":54,"code":89894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89896,89897,89905,89909,89929,89940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89898,89899,89901,89903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89900,41208],{"class":67},[61,89902,72],{"class":71},[61,89904,38541],{"class":75},[61,89906,89907],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89908,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,89910,89911,89913,89915,89917,89919,89921,89923,89925,89927],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,89912,5996],{"class":672},[61,89914,6426],{"class":67},[61,89916,3924],{"class":672},[61,89918,53893],{"class":89},[61,89920,94],{"class":93},[61,89922,3035],{"class":75},[61,89924,106],{"class":93},[61,89926,2505],{"class":75},[61,89928,900],{"class":93},[61,89930,89931,89934,89937],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,89932,89933],{"class":67},"    total ",[61,89935,89936],{"class":71},"+=",[61,89938,89939],{"class":67}," number\n",[61,89941,89942,89944,89946,89948,89951,89953,89955,89957,89959,89961,89963,89965,89967,89969],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,89943,1141],{"class":89},[61,89945,94],{"class":93},[61,89947,1010],{"class":310},[61,89949,89950],{"class":314},"Current number:",[61,89952,1010],{"class":310},[61,89954,106],{"class":93},[61,89956,2249],{"class":102},[61,89958,106],{"class":93},[61,89960,311],{"class":310},[61,89962,45578],{"class":314},[61,89964,1010],{"class":310},[61,89966,106],{"class":93},[61,89968,45585],{"class":102},[61,89970,258],{"class":93},[20,89972,345],{},[52,89974,89976],{"className":54,"code":89975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89977,89978,89994,90008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89979,89980,89983,89985,89987,89990,89992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89981,89982],{"class":67},"Current number",[61,89984,1314],{"class":93},[61,89986,5535],{"class":75},[61,89988,89989],{"class":67}," Total",[61,89991,1314],{"class":93},[61,89993,29642],{"class":75},[61,89995,89996,89998,90000,90002,90004,90006],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,89997,89982],{"class":67},[61,89999,1314],{"class":93},[61,90001,3040],{"class":75},[61,90003,89989],{"class":67},[61,90005,1314],{"class":93},[61,90007,2625],{"class":75},[61,90009,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,90011,89982],{"class":67},[61,90013,1314],{"class":93},[61,90015,1020],{"class":75},[61,90017,89989],{"class":67},[61,90019,1314],{"class":93},[61,90021,90022],{"class":75}," 6\n",[20,90024,90025,90026,229],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[221,90027,90029],{"href":90028},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[47,90031,2878],{"id":2877},[20,90033,90034,90035,229],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90036,46467],{},[260,90038,90040],{"id":90039},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90042,90043],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[52,90045,90047],{"className":54,"code":90046,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90048,90049],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90050,90051,90053,90055,90057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90052,90],{"class":89},[61,90054,94],{"class":93},[61,90056,34892],{"class":102},[61,90058,258],{"class":93},[20,90060,8908,90061,90063],{},[15,90062,34892],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90065,10837],{},[52,90067,90069],{"className":54,"code":90068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90070,90071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90072,90073,90075,90077,90079,90081,90083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90074,90],{"class":89},[61,90076,94],{"class":93},[61,90078,1010],{"class":310},[61,90080,34892],{"class":314},[61,90082,1010],{"class":310},[61,90084,258],{"class":93},[260,90086,8449,90088,90090],{"id":90087},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90089,90],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90092,90093],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[52,90095,90097],{"className":54,"code":90096,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90098,90099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90100,90101,90103,90105,90107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90102,90],{"class":89},[61,90104,311],{"class":310},[61,90106,34892],{"class":314},[61,90108,318],{"class":310},[20,90110,10837],{},[52,90112,90113],{"className":54,"code":90068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,90114,90115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90116,90117,90119,90121,90123,90125,90127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90118,90],{"class":89},[61,90120,94],{"class":93},[61,90122,1010],{"class":310},[61,90124,34892],{"class":314},[61,90126,1010],{"class":310},[61,90128,258],{"class":93},[260,90130,90132,90133],{"id":90131},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90134,2116],{},[20,90136,90137,90138,229],{},"This causes a ",[15,90139,1382],{},[52,90141,90142],{"className":54,"code":89230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,90143,90144,90152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90145,90146,90148,90150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90147,21656],{"class":67},[61,90149,72],{"class":71},[61,90151,76],{"class":75},[61,90153,90154,90156,90158,90160,90162,90164,90166,90168],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,90155,90],{"class":89},[61,90157,94],{"class":93},[61,90159,1010],{"class":310},[61,90161,89251],{"class":314},[61,90163,1010],{"class":310},[61,90165,2502],{"class":71},[61,90167,9221],{"class":102},[61,90169,258],{"class":93},[20,90171,90172],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[52,90174,90176],{"className":54,"code":90175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90177,90178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90179,90180,90182,90184,90186,90188,90190,90192,90194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90181,90],{"class":89},[61,90183,94],{"class":93},[61,90185,1010],{"class":310},[61,90187,89152],{"class":314},[61,90189,1010],{"class":310},[61,90191,106],{"class":93},[61,90193,9221],{"class":102},[61,90195,258],{"class":93},[20,90197,90198],{},"Or convert the number first:",[52,90200,90202],{"className":54,"code":90201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90203,90204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90205,90206,90208,90210,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220,90222,90224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90207,90],{"class":89},[61,90209,94],{"class":93},[61,90211,1010],{"class":310},[61,90213,89251],{"class":314},[61,90215,1010],{"class":310},[61,90217,2502],{"class":71},[61,90219,135],{"class":109},[61,90221,94],{"class":93},[61,90223,9331],{"class":102},[61,90225,342],{"class":93},[20,90227,90228,90229,229],{},"If you see this error, read ",[221,90230,90232],{"href":90231},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[260,90234,8485,90236,90238],{"id":90235},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90237,46467],{}," to return a value",[20,90240,90241,90242,35355,90245,1314],{},"This does not store ",[15,90243,90244],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90246,1620],{},[52,90248,90250],{"className":54,"code":90249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90251,90252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90253,90254,90256,90258,90260,90262,90264,90266,90268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90255,1593],{"class":67},[61,90257,72],{"class":71},[61,90259,89755],{"class":89},[61,90261,94],{"class":93},[61,90263,1010],{"class":310},[61,90265,34892],{"class":314},[61,90267,1010],{"class":310},[61,90269,258],{"class":93},[20,90271,90272,90273,229],{},"It stores ",[15,90274,3820],{},[260,90276,90278,90279,749,90281],{"id":90277},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90280,89292],{},[15,90282,52483],{},[20,90284,85638],{},[164,90286,90287,90296],{},[167,90288,90289,90291,90292,90295],{},[15,90290,89292],{}," changes what goes ",[3784,90293,90294],{},"between"," multiple values",[167,90297,90298,90300,90301,90304],{},[15,90299,52483],{}," changes what appears ",[3784,90302,90303],{},"after"," the output",[47,90306,90308],{"id":90307},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90310,90311,90312,90314],{},"These simple ",[15,90313,46467],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[52,90316,90318],{"className":54,"code":90317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90319,90320,90340,90355],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90321,90322,90324,90326,90328,90331,90333,90335,90338],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90323,90],{"class":89},[61,90325,94],{"class":93},[61,90327,1010],{"class":310},[61,90329,90330],{"class":314},"Debug:",[61,90332,1010],{"class":310},[61,90334,106],{"class":93},[61,90336,90337],{"class":102}," variable_name",[61,90339,258],{"class":93},[61,90341,90342,90344,90346,90348,90350,90353],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,90343,90],{"class":89},[61,90345,94],{"class":93},[61,90347,657],{"class":109},[61,90349,94],{"class":93},[61,90351,90352],{"class":102},"variable_name",[61,90354,342],{"class":93},[61,90356,90357,90359,90361,90363],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,90358,32181],{"class":89},[61,90360,94],{"class":93},[61,90362,90],{"class":89},[61,90364,258],{"class":93},[20,90366,90367],{},"What they do:",[164,90369,90370,90376,90382],{},[167,90371,90372,90375],{},[15,90373,90374],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[167,90377,90378,90381],{},[15,90379,90380],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[167,90383,90384,90387,90388],{},[15,90385,90386],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90389,46467],{},[47,90391,1879],{"id":1878},[260,90393,1928,90395,90397],{"id":90394},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90396,46467],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90399,90400,90401,90403,90404,36649],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90402,46467],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90405,52483],{},[260,90407,1898,90409,90411],{"id":90408},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90410,46467],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90413,90414,90415,90417],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90416,46467],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[260,90419,5196,90421,5199,90424,1916],{"id":90420},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90422,90423],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90425,3820],{},[20,90427,29088,90428,90430],{},[15,90429,46467],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[260,90432,90434],{"id":90433},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90436,90437],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[52,90439,90441],{"className":54,"code":90440,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90442,90443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90444,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455,90457,90459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90446,90],{"class":89},[61,90448,94],{"class":93},[61,90450,1010],{"class":310},[61,90452,89152],{"class":314},[61,90454,1010],{"class":310},[61,90456,106],{"class":93},[61,90458,6043],{"class":75},[61,90460,258],{"class":93},[20,90462,90463,90464,39957],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90465,47696],{},[260,90467,1911,90469,749,90471,1916],{"id":90468},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90470,89292],{},[15,90472,52483],{},[164,90474,90475,90480],{},[167,90476,90477,90479],{},[15,90478,89292],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[167,90481,90482,90484],{},[15,90483,52483],{}," changes what appears after the output",[47,90486,1938],{"id":1937},[164,90488,90489,90493,90499,90505,90510,90515],{},[167,90490,90491],{},[221,90492,50798],{"href":50797},[167,90494,90495],{},[221,90496,13,90497,1947],{"href":8252},[15,90498,3005],{},[167,90500,90501],{},[221,90502,13,90503,1947],{"href":42198},[15,90504,47696],{},[167,90506,90507],{},[221,90508,90509],{"href":89518},"How to format strings in Python",[167,90511,90512],{},[221,90513,90514],{"href":90028},"How to debug Python code",[167,90516,90517],{},[221,90518,90232],{"href":90231},[1969,90520,90521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":90523},[90524,90525,90527,90528,90534,90535,90536,90541,90547,90549,90551,90562,90563,90574],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":88696,"depth":79,"text":90526},"What print() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":88932,"depth":79,"text":88933,"children":90529},[90530,90531,90532,90533],{"id":88941,"depth":86,"text":88942},{"id":88982,"depth":86,"text":88983},{"id":89014,"depth":86,"text":89015},{"id":89041,"depth":86,"text":89042},{"id":89083,"depth":79,"text":89084},{"id":89279,"depth":79,"text":89280},{"id":89319,"depth":79,"text":90537,"children":90538},"sep argument",[90539,90540],{"id":89332,"depth":86,"text":89333},{"id":89382,"depth":86,"text":89383},{"id":89522,"depth":79,"text":90542,"children":90543},"end argument",[90544,90545,90546],{"id":89536,"depth":86,"text":89333},{"id":89589,"depth":86,"text":89590},{"id":89645,"depth":86,"text":89646},{"id":89729,"depth":79,"text":90548},"print() returns None",{"id":89866,"depth":79,"text":90550},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":90552},[90553,90554,90556,90558,90560],{"id":90039,"depth":86,"text":90040},{"id":90087,"depth":86,"text":90555},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90131,"depth":86,"text":90557},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90235,"depth":86,"text":90559},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90277,"depth":86,"text":90561},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90307,"depth":79,"text":90308},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":90564},[90565,90567,90569,90571,90572],{"id":90394,"depth":86,"text":90566},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90408,"depth":86,"text":90568},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90420,"depth":86,"text":90570},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90433,"depth":86,"text":90434},{"id":90468,"depth":86,"text":90573},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88579,"description":90575},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90582,"title":90583,"body":90584,"description":92888,"extension":2017,"meta":92889,"navigation":82,"path":92890,"seo":92891,"stem":92892,"__hash__":92893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90585,"toc":92834},[90586,90591,90596,90609,90611,90676,90687,90692,90697,90699,90722,90725,90756,90758,90775,90780,90786,90791,90840,90843,90860,90866,90871,90894,90896,90924,90930,90938,90965,90967,90992,90998,91001,91032,91034,91063,91067,91070,91075,91097,91099,91127,91133,91139,91165,91167,91191,91197,91203,91233,91235,91263,91273,91277,91283,91316,91318,91347,91350,91353,91386,91388,91396,91402,91404,91427,91432,91441,91446,91460,91462,91502,91504,91534,91538,91573,91579,91583,91627,91629,91659,91665,91668,91747,91749,91771,91779,91782,91845,91853,91928,91934,91941,91946,91951,91974,91976,91997,91999,92012,92014,92061,92063,92102,92111,92113,92117,92121,92124,92151,92154,92183,92186,92210,92213,92221,92227,92249,92251,92279,92283,92288,92343,92348,92350,92407,92414,92423,92426,92458,92460,92468,92471,92477,92479,92502,92505,92511,92514,92533,92535,92554,92557,92579,92581,92609,92613,92617,92722,92724,92737,92739,92745,92748,92756,92761,92767,92773,92778,92786,92792,92799,92801,92831],[10,90587,13,90589,18],{"id":90588},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90590,36225],{},[20,90592,32346,90593,90595],{},[15,90594,36225],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90597,90598,90599,90601,90602,90604,90605,90608],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90600,5996],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90603,36225],{}," stops ",[3784,90606,90607],{},"before"," the end value.",[47,90610,2059],{"id":2058},[52,90612,90614],{"className":54,"code":90613,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90615,90616,90632,90642,90646,90651,90656,90661,90666,90671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90617,90618,90620,90622,90624,90626,90628,90630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90619,5996],{"class":672},[61,90621,69374],{"class":67},[61,90623,3924],{"class":672},[61,90625,53893],{"class":89},[61,90627,94],{"class":93},[61,90629,2192],{"class":75},[61,90631,900],{"class":93},[61,90633,90634,90636,90638,90640],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,90635,1141],{"class":89},[61,90637,94],{"class":93},[61,90639,36181],{"class":102},[61,90641,258],{"class":93},[61,90643,90644],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,90645,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,90647,90648],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,90649,90650],{"class":116},"# Output:\n",[61,90652,90653],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,90654,90655],{"class":116},"# 0\n",[61,90657,90658],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,90659,90660],{"class":116},"# 1\n",[61,90662,90663],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,90664,90665],{"class":116},"# 2\n",[61,90667,90668],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,90669,90670],{"class":116},"# 3\n",[61,90672,90673],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,90674,90675],{"class":116},"# 4\n",[20,90677,90678,90681,90682,90684,90685,229],{},[15,90679,90680],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90683,2175],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90686,2192],{},[47,90688,151,90690,154],{"id":90689},"what-range-does",[15,90691,36225],{},[20,90693,90694,90696],{},[15,90695,36225],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90698,13078],{},[164,90700,90701,90706,90712,90717],{},[167,90702,90703,90705],{},[15,90704,36225],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[167,90707,90708,90709,90711],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90710,5996],{}," loops",[167,90713,90714,90715],{},"The stop value is ",[3784,90716,64895],{},[167,90718,17448,90719,90721],{},[15,90720,59823],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90723,90724],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[52,90726,90728],{"className":54,"code":90727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90729,90730,90746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90731,90732,90734,90736,90738,90740,90742,90744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90733,5996],{"class":672},[61,90735,6426],{"class":67},[61,90737,3924],{"class":672},[61,90739,53893],{"class":89},[61,90741,94],{"class":93},[61,90743,1046],{"class":75},[61,90745,900],{"class":93},[61,90747,90748,90750,90752,90754],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,90749,1141],{"class":89},[61,90751,94],{"class":93},[61,90753,1271],{"class":102},[61,90755,258],{"class":93},[20,90757,345],{},[52,90759,90761],{"className":54,"code":90760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90762,90763,90767,90771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90764,90765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90766,47265],{"class":75},[61,90768,90769],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,90770,46930],{"class":75},[61,90772,90773],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,90774,17083],{"class":75},[20,90776,90777,90778,229],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[221,90779,36055],{"href":36054},[47,90781,90783,90785],{"id":90782},"range-syntax",[15,90784,36225],{}," syntax",[20,90787,90788,90790],{},[15,90789,36225],{}," has three common forms:",[52,90792,90794],{"className":54,"code":90793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90795,90796,90806,90821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90797,90798,90800,90802,90804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90799,59823],{"class":89},[61,90801,94],{"class":93},[61,90803,75252],{"class":102},[61,90805,258],{"class":93},[61,90807,90808,90810,90812,90814,90816,90819],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,90809,59823],{"class":89},[61,90811,94],{"class":93},[61,90813,36099],{"class":102},[61,90815,106],{"class":93},[61,90817,90818],{"class":102}," stop",[61,90820,258],{"class":93},[61,90822,90823,90825,90827,90829,90831,90833,90835,90838],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,90824,59823],{"class":89},[61,90826,94],{"class":93},[61,90828,36099],{"class":102},[61,90830,106],{"class":93},[61,90832,90818],{"class":102},[61,90834,106],{"class":93},[61,90836,90837],{"class":102}," step",[61,90839,258],{"class":93},[20,90841,90842],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[164,90844,90845,90850,90855],{},[167,90846,90847,90849],{},[15,90848,36099],{}," = first number",[167,90851,90852,90854],{},[15,90853,75252],{}," = end limit, not included",[167,90856,90857,90859],{},[15,90858,75255],{}," = amount to move each time",[260,90861,90863],{"id":90862},"rangestop",[15,90864,90865],{},"range(stop)",[20,90867,90868,90869,229],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90870,2175],{},[52,90872,90874],{"className":54,"code":90873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90875,90876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90877,90878,90880,90882,90884,90886,90888,90890,90892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90879,90],{"class":89},[61,90881,94],{"class":93},[61,90883,192],{"class":109},[61,90885,94],{"class":93},[61,90887,59823],{"class":89},[61,90889,94],{"class":93},[61,90891,2192],{"class":75},[61,90893,582],{"class":93},[20,90895,345],{},[52,90897,90898],{"className":54,"code":59846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,90899,90900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90901,90902,90904,90906,90908,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90903,1356],{"class":93},[61,90905,2175],{"class":75},[61,90907,106],{"class":93},[61,90909,5535],{"class":75},[61,90911,106],{"class":93},[61,90913,3040],{"class":75},[61,90915,106],{"class":93},[61,90917,1020],{"class":75},[61,90919,106],{"class":93},[61,90921,2505],{"class":75},[61,90923,1115],{"class":93},[260,90925,90927],{"id":90926},"rangestart-stop",[15,90928,90929],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90931,90932,90933,90935,90936,229],{},"This starts at ",[15,90934,36099],{}," and stops before ",[15,90937,75252],{},[52,90939,90941],{"className":54,"code":90940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90942,90943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90944,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953,90955,90957,90959,90961,90963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90946,90],{"class":89},[61,90948,94],{"class":93},[61,90950,192],{"class":109},[61,90952,94],{"class":93},[61,90954,59823],{"class":89},[61,90956,94],{"class":93},[61,90958,2113],{"class":75},[61,90960,106],{"class":93},[61,90962,37672],{"class":75},[61,90964,582],{"class":93},[20,90966,345],{},[52,90968,90970],{"className":54,"code":90969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90971,90972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90973,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988,90990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90975,1356],{"class":93},[61,90977,2113],{"class":75},[61,90979,106],{"class":93},[61,90981,1020],{"class":75},[61,90983,106],{"class":93},[61,90985,2505],{"class":75},[61,90987,106],{"class":93},[61,90989,4644],{"class":75},[61,90991,1115],{"class":93},[260,90993,90995],{"id":90994},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90996,90997],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90999,91000],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[52,91002,91004],{"className":54,"code":91003,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91005,91006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91007,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022,91024,91026,91028,91030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91009,90],{"class":89},[61,91011,94],{"class":93},[61,91013,192],{"class":109},[61,91015,94],{"class":93},[61,91017,59823],{"class":89},[61,91019,94],{"class":93},[61,91021,3035],{"class":75},[61,91023,106],{"class":93},[61,91025,6043],{"class":75},[61,91027,106],{"class":93},[61,91029,3040],{"class":75},[61,91031,582],{"class":93},[20,91033,345],{},[52,91035,91037],{"className":54,"code":91036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91038,91039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91040,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91042,1356],{"class":93},[61,91044,3035],{"class":75},[61,91046,106],{"class":93},[61,91048,1020],{"class":75},[61,91050,106],{"class":93},[61,91052,4644],{"class":75},[61,91054,106],{"class":93},[61,91056,6032],{"class":75},[61,91058,106],{"class":93},[61,91060,53959],{"class":75},[61,91062,1115],{"class":93},[47,91064,91066],{"id":91065},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91068,91069],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[260,91071,91073],{"id":91072},"range5",[15,91074,90680],{},[52,91076,91077],{"className":54,"code":90873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91078,91079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91080,91081,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91082,90],{"class":89},[61,91084,94],{"class":93},[61,91086,192],{"class":109},[61,91088,94],{"class":93},[61,91090,59823],{"class":89},[61,91092,94],{"class":93},[61,91094,2192],{"class":75},[61,91096,582],{"class":93},[20,91098,345],{},[52,91100,91101],{"className":54,"code":59846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91102,91103],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91104,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91106,1356],{"class":93},[61,91108,2175],{"class":75},[61,91110,106],{"class":93},[61,91112,5535],{"class":75},[61,91114,106],{"class":93},[61,91116,3040],{"class":75},[61,91118,106],{"class":93},[61,91120,1020],{"class":75},[61,91122,106],{"class":93},[61,91124,2505],{"class":75},[61,91126,1115],{"class":93},[20,91128,90932,91129,90935,91131,229],{},[15,91130,2175],{},[15,91132,2192],{},[260,91134,91136],{"id":91135},"range2-6",[15,91137,91138],{},"range(2, 6)",[52,91140,91141],{"className":54,"code":90940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91142,91143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91144,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91146,90],{"class":89},[61,91148,94],{"class":93},[61,91150,192],{"class":109},[61,91152,94],{"class":93},[61,91154,59823],{"class":89},[61,91156,94],{"class":93},[61,91158,2113],{"class":75},[61,91160,106],{"class":93},[61,91162,37672],{"class":75},[61,91164,582],{"class":93},[20,91166,345],{},[52,91168,91169],{"className":54,"code":90969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91170,91171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91172,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91174,1356],{"class":93},[61,91176,2113],{"class":75},[61,91178,106],{"class":93},[61,91180,1020],{"class":75},[61,91182,106],{"class":93},[61,91184,2505],{"class":75},[61,91186,106],{"class":93},[61,91188,4644],{"class":75},[61,91190,1115],{"class":93},[20,91192,90932,91193,90935,91195,229],{},[15,91194,2113],{},[15,91196,80420],{},[260,91198,91200],{"id":91199},"range1-10-2",[15,91201,91202],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[52,91204,91205],{"className":54,"code":91003,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91206,91207],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91208,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91210,90],{"class":89},[61,91212,94],{"class":93},[61,91214,192],{"class":109},[61,91216,94],{"class":93},[61,91218,59823],{"class":89},[61,91220,94],{"class":93},[61,91222,3035],{"class":75},[61,91224,106],{"class":93},[61,91226,6043],{"class":75},[61,91228,106],{"class":93},[61,91230,3040],{"class":75},[61,91232,582],{"class":93},[20,91234,345],{},[52,91236,91237],{"className":54,"code":91036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91238,91239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91240,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91242,1356],{"class":93},[61,91244,3035],{"class":75},[61,91246,106],{"class":93},[61,91248,1020],{"class":75},[61,91250,106],{"class":93},[61,91252,4644],{"class":75},[61,91254,106],{"class":93},[61,91256,6032],{"class":75},[61,91258,106],{"class":93},[61,91260,53959],{"class":75},[61,91262,1115],{"class":93},[20,91264,91265,91266,91268,91269,61126,91271,229],{},"This moves by ",[15,91267,2113],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91270,3035],{},[15,91272,2200],{},[260,91274,91276],{"id":91275},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91278,91279,91280,91282],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91281,36225],{}," count backward.",[52,91284,91286],{"className":54,"code":91285,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91287,91288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91289,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91291,90],{"class":89},[61,91293,94],{"class":93},[61,91295,192],{"class":109},[61,91297,94],{"class":93},[61,91299,59823],{"class":89},[61,91301,94],{"class":93},[61,91303,2192],{"class":75},[61,91305,106],{"class":93},[61,91307,3876],{"class":75},[61,91309,106],{"class":93},[61,91311,2274],{"class":71},[61,91313,3035],{"class":75},[61,91315,582],{"class":93},[20,91317,345],{},[52,91319,91321],{"className":54,"code":91320,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91322,91323],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91324,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91326,1356],{"class":93},[61,91328,2192],{"class":75},[61,91330,106],{"class":93},[61,91332,2505],{"class":75},[61,91334,106],{"class":93},[61,91336,1020],{"class":75},[61,91338,106],{"class":93},[61,91340,3040],{"class":75},[61,91342,106],{"class":93},[61,91344,5535],{"class":75},[61,91346,1115],{"class":93},[20,91348,91349],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91351,91352],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[52,91354,91356],{"className":54,"code":91355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91357,91358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91359,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91361,90],{"class":89},[61,91363,94],{"class":93},[61,91365,192],{"class":109},[61,91367,94],{"class":93},[61,91369,59823],{"class":89},[61,91371,94],{"class":93},[61,91373,3035],{"class":75},[61,91375,106],{"class":93},[61,91377,4644],{"class":75},[61,91379,106],{"class":93},[61,91381,2274],{"class":71},[61,91383,3035],{"class":75},[61,91385,582],{"class":93},[20,91387,345],{},[52,91389,91390],{"className":54,"code":38325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91391,91392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91393,91394],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91395,38325],{"class":93},[260,91397,91398,76415,91400],{"id":76639},[15,91399,75255],{},[15,91401,2175],{},[20,91403,2885],{},[52,91405,91407],{"className":54,"code":91406,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91408,91409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91410,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91412,59823],{"class":89},[61,91414,94],{"class":93},[61,91416,3035],{"class":75},[61,91418,106],{"class":93},[61,91420,4644],{"class":75},[61,91422,106],{"class":93},[61,91424,3876],{"class":75},[61,91426,258],{"class":93},[20,91428,76684,91429,91431],{},[15,91430,40730],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[47,91433,8449,91435,91437,91438,91440],{"id":91434},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91436,36225],{}," in a ",[15,91439,5996],{}," loop",[20,91442,91443,91445],{},[15,91444,36225],{}," is most useful when:",[164,91447,91448,91451,91454],{},[167,91449,91450],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[167,91452,91453],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[167,91455,91456,91457],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91458,91459],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91461,295],{},[52,91463,91465],{"className":54,"code":91464,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91466,91467,91483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91468,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91470,5996],{"class":672},[61,91472,69374],{"class":67},[61,91474,3924],{"class":672},[61,91476,53893],{"class":89},[61,91478,94],{"class":93},[61,91480,1046],{"class":75},[61,91482,900],{"class":93},[61,91484,91485,91487,91489,91491,91494,91496,91498,91500],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91486,1141],{"class":89},[61,91488,94],{"class":93},[61,91490,1010],{"class":310},[61,91492,91493],{"class":314},"Loop number:",[61,91495,1010],{"class":310},[61,91497,106],{"class":93},[61,91499,36156],{"class":102},[61,91501,258],{"class":93},[20,91503,345],{},[52,91505,91507],{"className":54,"code":91506,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91508,91509,91518,91526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91510,91511,91514,91516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91512,91513],{"class":67},"Loop number",[61,91515,1314],{"class":93},[61,91517,38541],{"class":75},[61,91519,91520,91522,91524],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91521,91513],{"class":67},[61,91523,1314],{"class":93},[61,91525,29642],{"class":75},[61,91527,91528,91530,91532],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,91529,91513],{"class":67},[61,91531,1314],{"class":93},[61,91533,45604],{"class":75},[260,91535,91537],{"id":91536},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[52,91539,91541],{"className":54,"code":91540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91542,91543,91559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91544,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91546,5996],{"class":672},[61,91548,69374],{"class":67},[61,91550,3924],{"class":672},[61,91552,53893],{"class":89},[61,91554,94],{"class":93},[61,91556,2192],{"class":75},[61,91558,900],{"class":93},[61,91560,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91562,1141],{"class":89},[61,91564,94],{"class":93},[61,91566,1010],{"class":310},[61,91568,34892],{"class":314},[61,91570,1010],{"class":310},[61,91572,258],{"class":93},[20,91574,91575,91576,91578],{},"This prints ",[15,91577,90244],{}," five times.",[260,91580,91582],{"id":91581},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[52,91584,91586],{"className":54,"code":91585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91587,91588,91608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91589,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91591,5996],{"class":672},[61,91593,69374],{"class":67},[61,91595,3924],{"class":672},[61,91597,53893],{"class":89},[61,91599,94],{"class":93},[61,91601,3035],{"class":75},[61,91603,106],{"class":93},[61,91605,2505],{"class":75},[61,91607,900],{"class":93},[61,91609,91610,91612,91614,91616,91619,91621,91623,91625],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91611,1141],{"class":89},[61,91613,94],{"class":93},[61,91615,1010],{"class":310},[61,91617,91618],{"class":314},"Current number is",[61,91620,1010],{"class":310},[61,91622,106],{"class":93},[61,91624,36156],{"class":102},[61,91626,258],{"class":93},[20,91628,345],{},[52,91630,91632],{"className":54,"code":91631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91633,91634,91643,91651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91635,91636,91639,91641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91637,91638],{"class":67},"Current number ",[61,91640,1199],{"class":71},[61,91642,29642],{"class":75},[61,91644,91645,91647,91649],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91646,91638],{"class":67},[61,91648,1199],{"class":71},[61,91650,45604],{"class":75},[61,91652,91653,91655,91657],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,91654,91638],{"class":67},[61,91656,1199],{"class":71},[61,91658,2625],{"class":75},[260,91660,91662,91664],{"id":91661},"range-and-indexing",[15,91663,36225],{}," and indexing",[20,91666,91667],{},"You may see code like this:",[52,91669,91671],{"className":54,"code":91670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91672,91673,91705,91709,91729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91674,91675,91677,91679,91681,91683,91685,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91676,7814],{"class":67},[61,91678,72],{"class":71},[61,91680,1088],{"class":93},[61,91682,1010],{"class":310},[61,91684,221],{"class":314},[61,91686,1010],{"class":310},[61,91688,106],{"class":93},[61,91690,311],{"class":310},[61,91692,1101],{"class":314},[61,91694,1010],{"class":310},[61,91696,106],{"class":93},[61,91698,311],{"class":310},[61,91700,1110],{"class":314},[61,91702,1010],{"class":310},[61,91704,1115],{"class":93},[61,91706,91707],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91708,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,91710,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,91712,5996],{"class":672},[61,91714,69374],{"class":67},[61,91716,3924],{"class":672},[61,91718,53893],{"class":89},[61,91720,94],{"class":93},[61,91722,11191],{"class":89},[61,91724,94],{"class":93},[61,91726,7845],{"class":102},[61,91728,69389],{"class":93},[61,91730,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,91732,1141],{"class":89},[61,91734,94],{"class":93},[61,91736,36181],{"class":102},[61,91738,106],{"class":93},[61,91740,6004],{"class":102},[61,91742,1356],{"class":93},[61,91744,36181],{"class":102},[61,91746,1365],{"class":93},[20,91748,345],{},[52,91750,91751],{"className":54,"code":36193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,91752,91753,91759,91765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91754,91755,91757],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91756,2175],{"class":75},[61,91758,36202],{"class":67},[61,91760,91761,91763],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91762,3035],{"class":75},[61,91764,36209],{"class":67},[61,91766,91767,91769],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,91768,2113],{"class":75},[61,91770,36216],{"class":67},[20,91772,91773,91774,91778],{},"This works, and it uses ",[221,91775,91776],{"href":42381},[15,91777,42384],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91780,91781],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[52,91783,91785],{"className":54,"code":91784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91786,91787,91819,91823,91835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91788,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799,91801,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91790,7814],{"class":67},[61,91792,72],{"class":71},[61,91794,1088],{"class":93},[61,91796,1010],{"class":310},[61,91798,221],{"class":314},[61,91800,1010],{"class":310},[61,91802,106],{"class":93},[61,91804,311],{"class":310},[61,91806,1101],{"class":314},[61,91808,1010],{"class":310},[61,91810,106],{"class":93},[61,91812,311],{"class":310},[61,91814,1110],{"class":314},[61,91816,1010],{"class":310},[61,91818,1115],{"class":93},[61,91820,91821],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91822,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,91824,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,91826,5996],{"class":672},[61,91828,5999],{"class":67},[61,91830,3924],{"class":672},[61,91832,6004],{"class":67},[61,91834,6433],{"class":93},[61,91836,91837,91839,91841,91843],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,91838,1141],{"class":89},[61,91840,94],{"class":93},[61,91842,23338],{"class":102},[61,91844,258],{"class":93},[20,91846,36620,91847,91852],{},[221,91848,91850],{"href":91849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91851,35775],{}," is usually a better choice:",[52,91854,91856],{"className":54,"code":91855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91857,91858,91890,91894,91914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91859,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91861,7814],{"class":67},[61,91863,72],{"class":71},[61,91865,1088],{"class":93},[61,91867,1010],{"class":310},[61,91869,221],{"class":314},[61,91871,1010],{"class":310},[61,91873,106],{"class":93},[61,91875,311],{"class":310},[61,91877,1101],{"class":314},[61,91879,1010],{"class":310},[61,91881,106],{"class":93},[61,91883,311],{"class":310},[61,91885,1110],{"class":314},[61,91887,1010],{"class":310},[61,91889,1115],{"class":93},[61,91891,91892],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,91893,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,91895,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,91897,5996],{"class":672},[61,91899,35847],{"class":67},[61,91901,106],{"class":93},[61,91903,5999],{"class":67},[61,91905,3924],{"class":672},[61,91907,35857],{"class":89},[61,91909,94],{"class":93},[61,91911,7845],{"class":102},[61,91913,900],{"class":93},[61,91915,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,91917,1141],{"class":89},[61,91919,94],{"class":93},[61,91921,35872],{"class":102},[61,91923,106],{"class":93},[61,91925,29534],{"class":102},[61,91927,258],{"class":93},[20,91929,78944,91930,229],{},[221,91931,36633,91932,36636],{"href":36632},[15,91933,35775],{},[47,91935,91937,91938,91940],{"id":91936},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91939,36225],{}," to a list",[20,91942,91943,91945],{},[15,91944,36225],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91947,91948,91949,1314],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91950,24809],{},[52,91952,91954],{"className":54,"code":91953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91955,91956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91957,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91959,90],{"class":89},[61,91961,94],{"class":93},[61,91963,192],{"class":109},[61,91965,94],{"class":93},[61,91967,59823],{"class":89},[61,91969,94],{"class":93},[61,91971,1046],{"class":75},[61,91973,582],{"class":93},[20,91975,345],{},[52,91977,91979],{"className":54,"code":91978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91980,91981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91982,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91984,1356],{"class":93},[61,91986,2175],{"class":75},[61,91988,106],{"class":93},[61,91990,5535],{"class":75},[61,91992,106],{"class":93},[61,91994,3040],{"class":75},[61,91996,1115],{"class":93},[20,91998,33341],{},[164,92000,92001,92006,92009],{},[167,92002,92003,92004,42108],{},"learning how ",[15,92005,36225],{},[167,92007,92008],{},"checking your values",[167,92010,92011],{},"debugging code",[20,92013,5509],{},[52,92015,92017],{"className":54,"code":92016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92018,92019,92033,92037,92047],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92020,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92022,3661],{"class":67},[61,92024,72],{"class":71},[61,92026,53893],{"class":89},[61,92028,94],{"class":93},[61,92030,2552],{"class":75},[61,92032,258],{"class":93},[61,92034,92035],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,92036,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,92038,92039,92041,92043,92045],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,92040,90],{"class":89},[61,92042,94],{"class":93},[61,92044,3691],{"class":102},[61,92046,258],{"class":93},[61,92048,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,92050,90],{"class":89},[61,92052,94],{"class":93},[61,92054,192],{"class":109},[61,92056,94],{"class":93},[61,92058,3691],{"class":102},[61,92060,342],{"class":93},[20,92062,345],{},[52,92064,92066],{"className":54,"code":92065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92067,92068,92082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92069,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92071,59823],{"class":89},[61,92073,94],{"class":93},[61,92075,2175],{"class":75},[61,92077,106],{"class":93},[61,92079,2505],{"class":75},[61,92081,258],{"class":93},[61,92083,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,92085,1356],{"class":93},[61,92087,2175],{"class":75},[61,92089,106],{"class":93},[61,92091,5535],{"class":75},[61,92093,106],{"class":93},[61,92095,3040],{"class":75},[61,92097,106],{"class":93},[61,92099,1020],{"class":75},[61,92101,1115],{"class":93},[20,92103,92104,92105,741,92107,92110],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92106,59823],{},[15,92108,92109],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[47,92112,1387],{"id":1386},[20,92114,33570,92115,229],{},[15,92116,36225],{},[260,92118,92120],{"id":92119},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92122,92123],{},"Many beginners think this:",[52,92125,92127],{"className":54,"code":92126,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92128,92129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92130,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92132,90],{"class":89},[61,92134,94],{"class":93},[61,92136,192],{"class":109},[61,92138,94],{"class":93},[61,92140,59823],{"class":89},[61,92142,94],{"class":93},[61,92144,3035],{"class":75},[61,92146,106],{"class":93},[61,92148,4644],{"class":75},[61,92150,582],{"class":93},[20,92152,92153],{},"will produce:",[52,92155,92157],{"className":54,"code":92156,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92158,92159],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92160,92161,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92162,1356],{"class":93},[61,92164,3035],{"class":75},[61,92166,106],{"class":93},[61,92168,3040],{"class":75},[61,92170,106],{"class":93},[61,92172,1020],{"class":75},[61,92174,106],{"class":93},[61,92176,2505],{"class":75},[61,92178,106],{"class":93},[61,92180,4644],{"class":75},[61,92182,1115],{"class":93},[20,92184,92185],{},"But the real output is:",[52,92187,92188],{"className":54,"code":53328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92189,92190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92191,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92193,1356],{"class":93},[61,92195,3035],{"class":75},[61,92197,106],{"class":93},[61,92199,3040],{"class":75},[61,92201,106],{"class":93},[61,92203,1020],{"class":75},[61,92205,106],{"class":93},[61,92207,2505],{"class":75},[61,92209,1115],{"class":93},[20,92211,92212],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[260,92214,4618,92216,92218,92219],{"id":92215},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92217,90680],{}," starts at ",[15,92220,3035],{},[20,92222,37496,92223,18990,92225,229],{},[15,92224,2175],{},[15,92226,3035],{},[52,92228,92229],{"className":54,"code":90873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92230,92231],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92232,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92234,90],{"class":89},[61,92236,94],{"class":93},[61,92238,192],{"class":109},[61,92240,94],{"class":93},[61,92242,59823],{"class":89},[61,92244,94],{"class":93},[61,92246,2192],{"class":75},[61,92248,582],{"class":93},[20,92250,345],{},[52,92252,92253],{"className":54,"code":59846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92254,92255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92256,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92258,1356],{"class":93},[61,92260,2175],{"class":75},[61,92262,106],{"class":93},[61,92264,5535],{"class":75},[61,92266,106],{"class":93},[61,92268,3040],{"class":75},[61,92270,106],{"class":93},[61,92272,1020],{"class":75},[61,92274,106],{"class":93},[61,92276,2505],{"class":75},[61,92278,1115],{"class":93},[260,92280,92282],{"id":92281},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92284,92285,92286,1314],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92287,3005],{},[52,92289,92291],{"className":54,"code":92290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92292,92293,92312,92316,92333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92294,92295,92298,92300,92302,92304,92306,92308,92310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92296,92297],{"class":67},"user_number ",[61,92299,72],{"class":71},[61,92301,8275],{"class":89},[61,92303,94],{"class":93},[61,92305,1010],{"class":310},[61,92307,41895],{"class":314},[61,92309,1010],{"class":310},[61,92311,258],{"class":93},[61,92313,92314],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,92315,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,92317,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92331],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,92319,5996],{"class":672},[61,92321,69374],{"class":67},[61,92323,3924],{"class":672},[61,92325,53893],{"class":89},[61,92327,94],{"class":93},[61,92329,92330],{"class":102},"user_number",[61,92332,900],{"class":93},[61,92334,92335,92337,92339,92341],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,92336,1141],{"class":89},[61,92338,94],{"class":93},[61,92340,36181],{"class":102},[61,92342,258],{"class":93},[20,92344,48522,92345,92347],{},[15,92346,3005],{}," returns a string.",[20,92349,10837],{},[52,92351,92353],{"className":54,"code":92352,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92354,92355,92377,92381,92397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92356,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92358,92297],{"class":67},[61,92360,72],{"class":71},[61,92362,110],{"class":109},[61,92364,94],{"class":93},[61,92366,42485],{"class":89},[61,92368,94],{"class":93},[61,92370,1010],{"class":310},[61,92372,41895],{"class":314},[61,92374,1010],{"class":310},[61,92376,342],{"class":93},[61,92378,92379],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,92380,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,92382,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393,92395],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,92384,5996],{"class":672},[61,92386,69374],{"class":67},[61,92388,3924],{"class":672},[61,92390,53893],{"class":89},[61,92392,94],{"class":93},[61,92394,92330],{"class":102},[61,92396,900],{"class":93},[61,92398,92399,92401,92403,92405],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,92400,1141],{"class":89},[61,92402,94],{"class":93},[61,92404,36181],{"class":102},[61,92406,258],{"class":93},[20,92408,92409,92410,229],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[221,92411,1872,92412],{"href":1871},[15,92413,1875],{},[260,92415,92417,92418,92420,92421],{"id":92416},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92419,36099],{}," smaller than ",[15,92422,75252],{},[20,92424,92425],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[52,92427,92428],{"className":54,"code":91355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92429,92430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92431,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92433,90],{"class":89},[61,92435,94],{"class":93},[61,92437,192],{"class":109},[61,92439,94],{"class":93},[61,92441,59823],{"class":89},[61,92443,94],{"class":93},[61,92445,3035],{"class":75},[61,92447,106],{"class":93},[61,92449,4644],{"class":75},[61,92451,106],{"class":93},[61,92453,2274],{"class":71},[61,92455,3035],{"class":75},[61,92457,582],{"class":93},[20,92459,345],{},[52,92461,92462],{"className":54,"code":38325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92463,92464],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92465,92466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92467,38325],{"class":93},[20,92469,92470],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[260,92472,25645,92474],{"id":92473},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92475,92476],{},"step = 0",[20,92478,77395],{},[52,92480,92482],{"className":54,"code":92481,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92483,92484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92485,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92487,59823],{"class":89},[61,92489,94],{"class":93},[61,92491,3035],{"class":75},[61,92493,106],{"class":93},[61,92495,6043],{"class":75},[61,92497,106],{"class":93},[61,92499,3876],{"class":75},[61,92501,258],{"class":93},[20,92503,92504],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[260,92506,4744,92508,92510],{"id":92507},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92509,36225],{}," is not a list",[20,92512,92513],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[52,92515,92517],{"className":54,"code":92516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92518,92519],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92520,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92522,90],{"class":89},[61,92524,94],{"class":93},[61,92526,59823],{"class":89},[61,92528,94],{"class":93},[61,92530,2192],{"class":75},[61,92532,342],{"class":93},[20,92534,345],{},[52,92536,92538],{"className":54,"code":92537,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92539,92540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92541,92542,92544,92546,92548,92550,92552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92543,59823],{"class":89},[61,92545,94],{"class":93},[61,92547,2175],{"class":75},[61,92549,106],{"class":93},[61,92551,4644],{"class":75},[61,92553,258],{"class":93},[20,92555,92556],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[52,92558,92559],{"className":54,"code":90873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92560,92561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92562,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92564,90],{"class":89},[61,92566,94],{"class":93},[61,92568,192],{"class":109},[61,92570,94],{"class":93},[61,92572,59823],{"class":89},[61,92574,94],{"class":93},[61,92576,2192],{"class":75},[61,92578,582],{"class":93},[20,92580,345],{},[52,92582,92583],{"className":54,"code":59846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,92584,92585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92586,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92588,1356],{"class":93},[61,92590,2175],{"class":75},[61,92592,106],{"class":93},[61,92594,5535],{"class":75},[61,92596,106],{"class":93},[61,92598,3040],{"class":75},[61,92600,106],{"class":93},[61,92602,1020],{"class":75},[61,92604,106],{"class":93},[61,92606,2505],{"class":75},[61,92608,1115],{"class":93},[47,92610,92612],{"id":92611},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92614,8908,92615,82166],{},[15,92616,36225],{},[52,92618,92620],{"className":54,"code":92619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92621,92622,92636,92654,92676,92704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92623,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92625,90],{"class":89},[61,92627,94],{"class":93},[61,92629,59823],{"class":89},[61,92631,94],{"class":93},[61,92633,2192],{"class":75},[61,92635,342],{"class":93},[61,92637,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,92639,90],{"class":89},[61,92641,94],{"class":93},[61,92643,192],{"class":109},[61,92645,94],{"class":93},[61,92647,59823],{"class":89},[61,92649,94],{"class":93},[61,92651,2192],{"class":75},[61,92653,582],{"class":93},[61,92655,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,92657,90],{"class":89},[61,92659,94],{"class":93},[61,92661,192],{"class":109},[61,92663,94],{"class":93},[61,92665,59823],{"class":89},[61,92667,94],{"class":93},[61,92669,2113],{"class":75},[61,92671,106],{"class":93},[61,92673,6399],{"class":75},[61,92675,582],{"class":93},[61,92677,92678,92680,92682,92684,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,92679,90],{"class":89},[61,92681,94],{"class":93},[61,92683,192],{"class":109},[61,92685,94],{"class":93},[61,92687,59823],{"class":89},[61,92689,94],{"class":93},[61,92691,2379],{"class":75},[61,92693,106],{"class":93},[61,92695,3876],{"class":75},[61,92697,106],{"class":93},[61,92699,2274],{"class":71},[61,92701,2113],{"class":75},[61,92703,582],{"class":93},[61,92705,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,92707,90],{"class":89},[61,92709,94],{"class":93},[61,92711,657],{"class":109},[61,92713,94],{"class":93},[61,92715,59823],{"class":89},[61,92717,94],{"class":93},[61,92719,2192],{"class":75},[61,92721,582],{"class":93},[20,92723,26034],{},[164,92725,92726,92729,92732],{},[167,92727,92728],{},"what values are being created",[167,92730,92731],{},"whether the direction is correct",[167,92733,92734,92735,24645],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92736,59823],{},[47,92738,1879],{"id":1878},[260,92740,1928,92742,92744],{"id":92741},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92743,36225],{}," include the last number?",[20,92746,92747],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[260,92749,5196,92751,92753,92754,1916],{"id":92750},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92752,90680],{}," start at ",[15,92755,2175],{},[20,92757,92758,92759,229],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92760,2175],{},[260,92762,1898,92764,92766],{"id":92763},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92765,36225],{}," count backward?",[20,92768,92769,92770,229],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92771,92772],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[260,92774,14930,92776,26069],{"id":92775},"is-range-a-list",[15,92777,36225],{},[20,92779,26072,92780,92782,92783,23966],{},[15,92781,59823],{}," object. Use ",[15,92784,92785],{},"list(range(...))",[260,92787,5196,92789,48696],{"id":92788},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92790,92791],{},"range(input())",[20,92793,92794,3531,92796,229],{},[15,92795,3005],{},[15,92797,92798],{},"int(input())",[47,92800,1938],{"id":1937},[164,92802,92803,92807,92813,92819,92825],{},[167,92804,92805],{},[221,92806,36055],{"href":36054},[167,92808,92809],{},[221,92810,13,92811,1947],{"href":42381},[15,92812,42384],{},[167,92814,92815],{},[221,92816,13,92817,1947],{"href":91849},[15,92818,35775],{},[167,92820,92821],{},[221,92822,37547,92823,36636],{"href":36632},[15,92824,35775],{},[167,92826,92827],{},[221,92828,1872,92829],{"href":1871},[15,92830,1875],{},[1969,92832,92833],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":92835},[92836,92837,92839,92845,92853,92860,92862,92874,92875,92887],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":90689,"depth":79,"text":92838},"What range() does",{"id":90782,"depth":79,"text":92840,"children":92841},"range() syntax",[92842,92843,92844],{"id":90862,"depth":86,"text":90865},{"id":90926,"depth":86,"text":90929},{"id":90994,"depth":86,"text":90997},{"id":91065,"depth":79,"text":91066,"children":92846},[92847,92848,92849,92850,92851],{"id":91072,"depth":86,"text":90680},{"id":91135,"depth":86,"text":91138},{"id":91199,"depth":86,"text":91202},{"id":91275,"depth":86,"text":91276},{"id":76639,"depth":86,"text":92852},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91434,"depth":79,"text":92854,"children":92855},"Using range() in a for loop",[92856,92857,92858],{"id":91536,"depth":86,"text":91537},{"id":91581,"depth":86,"text":91582},{"id":91661,"depth":86,"text":92859},"range() and indexing",{"id":91936,"depth":79,"text":92861},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":92863},[92864,92865,92867,92868,92870,92872],{"id":92119,"depth":86,"text":92120},{"id":92215,"depth":86,"text":92866},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92281,"depth":86,"text":92282},{"id":92416,"depth":86,"text":92869},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92473,"depth":86,"text":92871},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92507,"depth":86,"text":92873},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92611,"depth":79,"text":92612},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":92876},[92877,92879,92881,92883,92885],{"id":92741,"depth":86,"text":92878},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92750,"depth":86,"text":92880},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92763,"depth":86,"text":92882},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92775,"depth":86,"text":92884},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92788,"depth":86,"text":92886},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90583,"description":92888},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92895,"title":92896,"body":92897,"description":94570,"extension":2017,"meta":94571,"navigation":82,"path":94572,"seo":94573,"stem":94574,"__hash__":94575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92898,"toc":94543},[92899,92908,92915,92932,92948,92950,92999,93007,93011,93014,93034,93036,93100,93102,93145,93148,93194,93196,93229,93239,93245,93253,93270,93272,93303,93305,93330,93335,93346,93349,93419,93421,93452,93457,93462,93479,93481,93532,93534,93567,93570,93577,93582,93586,93602,93604,93648,93650,93696,93699,93712,93717,93721,93735,93737,93788,93790,93823,93828,93830,93837,93839,93862,93864,93929,93931,93948,93951,93984,93986,94014,94024,94031,94035,94038,94056,94059,94087,94090,94108,94113,94119,94122,94144,94146,94174,94176,94179,94204,94207,94320,94322,94401,94403,94409,94414,94422,94430,94434,94437,94439,94472,94474,94482,94488,94495,94502,94505,94507,94540],[10,92900,13,92902,741,92904,92907],{"id":92901},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92903,36225],{},[15,92905,92906],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92909,92910,749,92912,92914],{},[15,92911,36225],{},[15,92913,92906],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[164,92916,92917,92925],{},[167,92918,92919,92921,92922],{},[15,92920,36225],{}," creates a ",[3784,92923,92924],{},"range object",[167,92926,92927,92921,92929],{},[15,92928,92906],{},[3784,92930,92931],{},"real list",[20,92933,92934,92935,92937,92938,92941,92942,92944,92945,92947],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92936,90680],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92939,92940],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92943,36225],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92946,92906],{}," when you actually need a list.",[47,92949,50],{"id":49},[52,92951,92953],{"className":54,"code":92952,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92954,92955,92969,92982],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92956,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965,92967],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92958,3661],{"class":67},[61,92960,72],{"class":71},[61,92962,53893],{"class":89},[61,92964,94],{"class":93},[61,92966,2192],{"class":75},[61,92968,258],{"class":93},[61,92970,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,92972,90],{"class":89},[61,92974,94],{"class":93},[61,92976,3691],{"class":102},[61,92978,664],{"class":93},[61,92980,92981],{"class":116},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[61,92983,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,92985,90],{"class":89},[61,92987,94],{"class":93},[61,92989,192],{"class":109},[61,92991,94],{"class":93},[61,92993,3691],{"class":102},[61,92995,113],{"class":93},[61,92997,92998],{"class":116},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93000,143,93001,93003,93004,93006],{},[15,93002,36225],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93005,92906],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[47,93008,93010],{"id":93009},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93012,93013],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[164,93015,93016,93023,93028,93031],{},[167,93017,93018,22003,93020,93022],{},[15,93019,36225],{},[3784,93021,92924],{},", not a list",[167,93024,93025,93027],{},[15,93026,92906],{}," converts that range object into a list",[167,93029,93030],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[167,93032,93033],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93035,295],{},[52,93037,93039],{"className":54,"code":93038,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93040,93041,93056,93075,93079,93089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93042,93043,93046,93048,93050,93052,93054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93044,93045],{"class":67},"r ",[61,93047,72],{"class":71},[61,93049,53893],{"class":89},[61,93051,94],{"class":93},[61,93053,2192],{"class":75},[61,93055,258],{"class":93},[61,93057,93058,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93059,93060],{"class":67},"lst ",[61,93062,72],{"class":71},[61,93064,605],{"class":109},[61,93066,94],{"class":93},[61,93068,59823],{"class":89},[61,93070,94],{"class":93},[61,93072,2192],{"class":75},[61,93074,342],{"class":93},[61,93076,93077],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93078,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,93080,93081,93083,93085,93087],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,93082,90],{"class":89},[61,93084,94],{"class":93},[61,93086,60330],{"class":102},[61,93088,258],{"class":93},[61,93090,93091,93093,93095,93098],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,93092,90],{"class":89},[61,93094,94],{"class":93},[61,93096,93097],{"class":102},"lst",[61,93099,258],{"class":93},[20,93101,345],{},[52,93103,93105],{"className":54,"code":93104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93106,93107,93121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93108,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93110,59823],{"class":89},[61,93112,94],{"class":93},[61,93114,2175],{"class":75},[61,93116,106],{"class":93},[61,93118,4644],{"class":75},[61,93120,258],{"class":93},[61,93122,93123,93125,93127,93129,93131,93133,93135,93137,93139,93141,93143],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93124,1356],{"class":93},[61,93126,2175],{"class":75},[61,93128,106],{"class":93},[61,93130,5535],{"class":75},[61,93132,106],{"class":93},[61,93134,3040],{"class":75},[61,93136,106],{"class":93},[61,93138,1020],{"class":75},[61,93140,106],{"class":93},[61,93142,2505],{"class":75},[61,93144,1115],{"class":93},[20,93146,93147],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[52,93149,93151],{"className":54,"code":93150,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93152,93153,93171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93154,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93156,90],{"class":89},[61,93158,94],{"class":93},[61,93160,657],{"class":109},[61,93162,94],{"class":93},[61,93164,59823],{"class":89},[61,93166,94],{"class":93},[61,93168,2192],{"class":75},[61,93170,582],{"class":93},[61,93172,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181,93183,93185,93187,93189,93191],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93174,90],{"class":89},[61,93176,94],{"class":93},[61,93178,657],{"class":109},[61,93180,94],{"class":93},[61,93182,192],{"class":109},[61,93184,94],{"class":93},[61,93186,59823],{"class":89},[61,93188,94],{"class":93},[61,93190,2192],{"class":75},[61,93192,93193],{"class":93},"))))\n",[20,93195,345],{},[52,93197,93199],{"className":54,"code":93198,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93200,93201,93215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93202,93203,93205,93207,93209,93211,93213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93204,3337],{"class":71},[61,93206,3340],{"class":882},[61,93208,3343],{"class":310},[61,93210,59823],{"class":314},[61,93212,3348],{"class":310},[61,93214,3351],{"class":71},[61,93216,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93218,3337],{"class":71},[61,93220,3340],{"class":882},[61,93222,3343],{"class":310},[61,93224,192],{"class":314},[61,93226,3348],{"class":310},[61,93228,3351],{"class":71},[20,93230,93231,93232,93234,93235,229],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93233,36225],{}," works, see ",[221,93236,13,93237,1947],{"href":92890},[15,93238,36225],{},[47,93240,151,93242,93244],{"id":93241},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93243,36225],{}," gives you",[20,93246,93247,93249,93250,93252],{},[15,93248,36225],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93251,5996],{}," loops.",[164,93254,93255,93258,93261,93264],{},[167,93256,93257],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[167,93259,93260],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[167,93262,93263],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[167,93265,93266,93267],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93268,93269],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93271,295],{},[52,93273,93275],{"className":54,"code":93274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93276,93277,93293],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93278,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93280,5996],{"class":672},[61,93282,69374],{"class":67},[61,93284,3924],{"class":672},[61,93286,53893],{"class":89},[61,93288,94],{"class":93},[61,93290,2192],{"class":75},[61,93292,900],{"class":93},[61,93294,93295,93297,93299,93301],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93296,1141],{"class":89},[61,93298,94],{"class":93},[61,93300,36181],{"class":102},[61,93302,258],{"class":93},[20,93304,345],{},[52,93306,93308],{"className":54,"code":93307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93309,93310,93314,93318,93322,93326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93311,93312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93313,47265],{"class":75},[61,93315,93316],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93317,46930],{"class":75},[61,93319,93320],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93321,17083],{"class":75},[61,93323,93324],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,93325,46630],{"class":75},[61,93327,93328],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,93329,48662],{"class":75},[20,93331,20798,93332,93334],{},[15,93333,90680],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93336,93337,93338,93340,93341,229],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93339,36225],{}," is so common with ",[221,93342,13,93344,90711],{"href":93343},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93345,5996],{},[20,93347,93348],{},"You can also inspect it:",[52,93350,93352],{"className":54,"code":93351,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93353,93354,93376,93380,93390,93404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93355,93356,93358,93360,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93357,93045],{"class":67},[61,93359,72],{"class":71},[61,93361,53893],{"class":89},[61,93363,94],{"class":93},[61,93365,2113],{"class":75},[61,93367,106],{"class":93},[61,93369,6043],{"class":75},[61,93371,106],{"class":93},[61,93373,3040],{"class":75},[61,93375,258],{"class":93},[61,93377,93378],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93379,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,93381,93382,93384,93386,93388],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93383,90],{"class":89},[61,93385,94],{"class":93},[61,93387,60330],{"class":102},[61,93389,258],{"class":93},[61,93391,93392,93394,93396,93398,93400,93402],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,93393,90],{"class":89},[61,93395,94],{"class":93},[61,93397,11191],{"class":89},[61,93399,94],{"class":93},[61,93401,60330],{"class":102},[61,93403,342],{"class":93},[61,93405,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93417],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,93407,90],{"class":89},[61,93409,94],{"class":93},[61,93411,80420],{"class":75},[61,93413,21201],{"class":672},[61,93415,93416],{"class":102}," r",[61,93418,258],{"class":93},[20,93420,345],{},[52,93422,93424],{"className":54,"code":93423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93425,93426,93444,93448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93427,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93429,59823],{"class":89},[61,93431,94],{"class":93},[61,93433,2113],{"class":75},[61,93435,106],{"class":93},[61,93437,6043],{"class":75},[61,93439,106],{"class":93},[61,93441,3040],{"class":75},[61,93443,258],{"class":93},[61,93445,93446],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93447,48662],{"class":75},[61,93449,93450],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93451,348],{"class":355},[47,93453,151,93455,93244],{"id":93454},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93456,92906],{},[20,93458,93459,93461],{},[15,93460,92906],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[164,93463,93464,93467,93470,93473],{},[167,93465,93466],{},"It creates all values at once",[167,93468,93469],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[167,93471,93472],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[167,93474,93475,93476,93478],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93477,36225],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93480,295],{},[52,93482,93484],{"className":54,"code":93483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93485,93486,93504,93508,93518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93487,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496,93498,93500,93502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93489,3661],{"class":67},[61,93491,72],{"class":71},[61,93493,605],{"class":109},[61,93495,94],{"class":93},[61,93497,59823],{"class":89},[61,93499,94],{"class":93},[61,93501,2192],{"class":75},[61,93503,342],{"class":93},[61,93505,93506],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93507,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,93509,93510,93512,93514,93516],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93511,90],{"class":89},[61,93513,94],{"class":93},[61,93515,3691],{"class":102},[61,93517,258],{"class":93},[61,93519,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528,93530],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,93521,90],{"class":89},[61,93523,94],{"class":93},[61,93525,3691],{"class":102},[61,93527,1356],{"class":93},[61,93529,2113],{"class":75},[61,93531,1365],{"class":93},[20,93533,345],{},[52,93535,93537],{"className":54,"code":93536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93538,93539,93563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93540,93541,93543,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93542,1356],{"class":93},[61,93544,2175],{"class":75},[61,93546,106],{"class":93},[61,93548,5535],{"class":75},[61,93550,106],{"class":93},[61,93552,3040],{"class":75},[61,93554,106],{"class":93},[61,93556,1020],{"class":75},[61,93558,106],{"class":93},[61,93560,2505],{"class":75},[61,93562,1115],{"class":93},[61,93564,93565],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93566,17083],{"class":75},[20,93568,93569],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93571,93572,93573,229],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[221,93574,13,93575,1947],{"href":64673},[15,93576,24809],{},[47,93578,5001,93580],{"id":93579},"when-to-use-range",[15,93581,36225],{},[20,93583,143,93584,10630],{},[15,93585,36225],{},[164,93587,93588,93593,93596,93599],{},[167,93589,93590,93591,91440],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93592,5996],{},[167,93594,93595],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[167,93597,93598],{},"You are working with large sequences",[167,93600,93601],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93603,295],{},[52,93605,93607],{"className":54,"code":93606,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93608,93609,93629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93610,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93612,5996],{"class":672},[61,93614,69374],{"class":67},[61,93616,3924],{"class":672},[61,93618,53893],{"class":89},[61,93620,94],{"class":93},[61,93622,3035],{"class":75},[61,93624,106],{"class":93},[61,93626,37672],{"class":75},[61,93628,900],{"class":93},[61,93630,93631,93633,93635,93637,93640,93642,93644,93646],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93632,1141],{"class":89},[61,93634,94],{"class":93},[61,93636,1010],{"class":310},[61,93638,93639],{"class":314},"Count:",[61,93641,1010],{"class":310},[61,93643,106],{"class":93},[61,93645,36156],{"class":102},[61,93647,258],{"class":93},[20,93649,345],{},[52,93651,93653],{"className":54,"code":93652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93654,93655,93664,93672,93680,93688],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93656,93657,93660,93662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93658,93659],{"class":67},"Count",[61,93661,1314],{"class":93},[61,93663,29642],{"class":75},[61,93665,93666,93668,93670],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93667,93659],{"class":67},[61,93669,1314],{"class":93},[61,93671,45604],{"class":75},[61,93673,93674,93676,93678],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93675,93659],{"class":67},[61,93677,1314],{"class":93},[61,93679,2625],{"class":75},[61,93681,93682,93684,93686],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,93683,93659],{"class":67},[61,93685,1314],{"class":93},[61,93687,23691],{"class":75},[61,93689,93690,93692,93694],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,93691,93659],{"class":67},[61,93693,1314],{"class":93},[61,93695,1493],{"class":75},[20,93697,93698],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93700,93701,93702,93704,93705,62113,93707,229],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93703,35775],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93706,36626],{},[221,93708,36633,93710,36636],{"href":93709},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93711,35775],{},[47,93713,5001,93715],{"id":93714},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93716,92906],{},[20,93718,143,93719,10630],{},[15,93720,92906],{},[164,93722,93723,93726,93729,93732],{},[167,93724,93725],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[167,93727,93728],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[167,93730,93731],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[167,93733,93734],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93736,295],{},[52,93738,93740],{"className":54,"code":93739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93741,93742,93760,93774,93778],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93743,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752,93754,93756,93758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93745,3661],{"class":67},[61,93747,72],{"class":71},[61,93749,605],{"class":109},[61,93751,94],{"class":93},[61,93753,59823],{"class":89},[61,93755,94],{"class":93},[61,93757,2192],{"class":75},[61,93759,342],{"class":93},[61,93761,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93763,3691],{"class":67},[61,93765,229],{"class":93},[61,93767,13580],{"class":102},[61,93769,94],{"class":93},[61,93771,2192],{"class":75},[61,93773,258],{"class":93},[61,93775,93776],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93777,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,93779,93780,93782,93784,93786],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,93781,90],{"class":89},[61,93783,94],{"class":93},[61,93785,3691],{"class":102},[61,93787,258],{"class":93},[20,93789,345],{},[52,93791,93793],{"className":54,"code":93792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93794,93795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93796,93797,93799,93801,93803,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93798,1356],{"class":93},[61,93800,2175],{"class":75},[61,93802,106],{"class":93},[61,93804,5535],{"class":75},[61,93806,106],{"class":93},[61,93808,3040],{"class":75},[61,93810,106],{"class":93},[61,93812,1020],{"class":75},[61,93814,106],{"class":93},[61,93816,2505],{"class":75},[61,93818,106],{"class":93},[61,93820,4644],{"class":75},[61,93822,1115],{"class":93},[20,93824,6099,93825,93827],{},[15,93826,3691],{}," is a list.",[47,93829,15624],{"id":15623},[20,93831,93832,93834,93835,229],{},[15,93833,36225],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3784,93836,37626],{},[20,93838,2162],{},[164,93840,93841,93843,93848,93853,93856],{},[167,93842,22013],{},[167,93844,93845,93846],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93847,42384],{},[167,93849,93850,93851],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93852,3924],{},[167,93854,93855],{},"You can index it",[167,93857,93858,93859,93861],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93860,52475],{}," do not work on it",[20,93863,295],{},[52,93865,93867],{"className":54,"code":93866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93868,93869,93883,93887,93901,93915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93870,93871,93873,93875,93877,93879,93881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93872,93045],{"class":67},[61,93874,72],{"class":71},[61,93876,53893],{"class":89},[61,93878,94],{"class":93},[61,93880,2192],{"class":75},[61,93882,258],{"class":93},[61,93884,93885],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93886,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,93888,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93890,90],{"class":89},[61,93892,94],{"class":93},[61,93894,60330],{"class":102},[61,93896,1356],{"class":93},[61,93898,2113],{"class":75},[61,93900,1365],{"class":93},[61,93902,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,93904,90],{"class":89},[61,93906,94],{"class":93},[61,93908,11191],{"class":89},[61,93910,94],{"class":93},[61,93912,60330],{"class":102},[61,93914,342],{"class":93},[61,93916,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,93918,90],{"class":89},[61,93920,94],{"class":93},[61,93922,1046],{"class":75},[61,93924,21201],{"class":672},[61,93926,93416],{"class":102},[61,93928,258],{"class":93},[20,93930,345],{},[52,93932,93934],{"className":54,"code":93933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93935,93936,93940,93944],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93937,93938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93939,17083],{"class":75},[61,93941,93942],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93943,2994],{"class":75},[61,93945,93946],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,93947,348],{"class":355},[20,93949,93950],{},"Now compare that with this:",[52,93952,93954],{"className":54,"code":93953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93955,93956,93970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93957,93958,93960,93962,93964,93966,93968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93959,93045],{"class":67},[61,93961,72],{"class":71},[61,93963,53893],{"class":89},[61,93965,94],{"class":93},[61,93967,2192],{"class":75},[61,93969,258],{"class":93},[61,93971,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980,93982],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,93973,60330],{"class":67},[61,93975,229],{"class":93},[61,93977,13580],{"class":102},[61,93979,94],{"class":93},[61,93981,2192],{"class":75},[61,93983,258],{"class":93},[20,93985,345],{},[52,93987,93989],{"className":54,"code":93988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93990,93991],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93992,93993,93995,93997,93999,94001,94003,94005,94008,94010,94012],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93994,25700],{"class":109},[61,93996,1314],{"class":93},[61,93998,3343],{"class":310},[61,94000,59823],{"class":314},[61,94002,3348],{"class":310},[61,94004,24645],{"class":109},[61,94006,94007],{"class":67}," has no attribute ",[61,94009,3348],{"class":310},[61,94011,13580],{"class":314},[61,94013,29727],{"class":310},[20,94015,94016,94017,186,94019,283,94021,94023],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94018,52475],{},[15,94020,55352],{},[15,94022,64137],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94025,94026,94027,229],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[221,94028,25708,94029],{"href":35445},[15,94030,34285],{},[47,94032,94034],{"id":94033},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94036,94037],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[52,94039,94040],{"className":54,"code":92516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94041,94042],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94043,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052,94054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94045,90],{"class":89},[61,94047,94],{"class":93},[61,94049,59823],{"class":89},[61,94051,94],{"class":93},[61,94053,2192],{"class":75},[61,94055,342],{"class":93},[20,94057,94058],{},"to show:",[52,94060,94061],{"className":54,"code":59846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94062,94063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94064,94065,94067,94069,94071,94073,94075,94077,94079,94081,94083,94085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94066,1356],{"class":93},[61,94068,2175],{"class":75},[61,94070,106],{"class":93},[61,94072,5535],{"class":75},[61,94074,106],{"class":93},[61,94076,3040],{"class":75},[61,94078,106],{"class":93},[61,94080,1020],{"class":75},[61,94082,106],{"class":93},[61,94084,2505],{"class":75},[61,94086,1115],{"class":93},[20,94088,94089],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[52,94091,94092],{"className":54,"code":92537,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94093,94094],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94095,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94097,59823],{"class":89},[61,94099,94],{"class":93},[61,94101,2175],{"class":75},[61,94103,106],{"class":93},[61,94105,4644],{"class":75},[61,94107,258],{"class":93},[20,94109,4667,94110,94112],{},[3784,94111,4670],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94114,94115,94116,94118],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3784,94117,92924],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94120,94121],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[52,94123,94124],{"className":54,"code":90873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94125,94126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94127,94128,94130,94132,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94129,90],{"class":89},[61,94131,94],{"class":93},[61,94133,192],{"class":109},[61,94135,94],{"class":93},[61,94137,59823],{"class":89},[61,94139,94],{"class":93},[61,94141,2192],{"class":75},[61,94143,582],{"class":93},[20,94145,345],{},[52,94147,94148],{"className":54,"code":59846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94149,94150],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94151,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94153,1356],{"class":93},[61,94155,2175],{"class":75},[61,94157,106],{"class":93},[61,94159,5535],{"class":75},[61,94161,106],{"class":93},[61,94163,3040],{"class":75},[61,94165,106],{"class":93},[61,94167,1020],{"class":75},[61,94169,106],{"class":93},[61,94171,2505],{"class":75},[61,94173,1115],{"class":93},[47,94175,2878],{"id":2877},[20,94177,94178],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[164,94180,94181,94187,94190,94196],{},[167,94182,8449,94183,94186],{},[15,94184,94185],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[167,94188,94189],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[167,94191,94192,94193,94195],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94194,36225],{}," is iterable but not a list",[167,94197,8449,94198,94200,94201,94203],{},[15,94199,92906],{}," when plain ",[15,94202,36225],{}," would be simpler",[20,94205,94206],{},"These quick checks can help:",[52,94208,94210],{"className":54,"code":94209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94211,94212,94226,94244,94262,94284,94302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94213,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94215,90],{"class":89},[61,94217,94],{"class":93},[61,94219,59823],{"class":89},[61,94221,94],{"class":93},[61,94223,2192],{"class":75},[61,94225,342],{"class":93},[61,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240,94242],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94229,90],{"class":89},[61,94231,94],{"class":93},[61,94233,192],{"class":109},[61,94235,94],{"class":93},[61,94237,59823],{"class":89},[61,94239,94],{"class":93},[61,94241,2192],{"class":75},[61,94243,582],{"class":93},[61,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,94247,90],{"class":89},[61,94249,94],{"class":93},[61,94251,657],{"class":109},[61,94253,94],{"class":93},[61,94255,59823],{"class":89},[61,94257,94],{"class":93},[61,94259,2192],{"class":75},[61,94261,582],{"class":93},[61,94263,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280,94282],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,94265,90],{"class":89},[61,94267,94],{"class":93},[61,94269,657],{"class":109},[61,94271,94],{"class":93},[61,94273,192],{"class":109},[61,94275,94],{"class":93},[61,94277,59823],{"class":89},[61,94279,94],{"class":93},[61,94281,2192],{"class":75},[61,94283,93193],{"class":93},[61,94285,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294,94296,94298,94300],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,94287,90],{"class":89},[61,94289,94],{"class":93},[61,94291,1046],{"class":75},[61,94293,21201],{"class":672},[61,94295,53893],{"class":89},[61,94297,94],{"class":93},[61,94299,2192],{"class":75},[61,94301,342],{"class":93},[61,94303,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,94305,90],{"class":89},[61,94307,94],{"class":93},[61,94309,11191],{"class":89},[61,94311,94],{"class":93},[61,94313,59823],{"class":89},[61,94315,94],{"class":93},[61,94317,2192],{"class":75},[61,94319,582],{"class":93},[20,94321,345],{},[52,94323,94325],{"className":54,"code":94324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94326,94327,94341,94365,94379,94393,94397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94328,94329,94331,94333,94335,94337,94339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94330,59823],{"class":89},[61,94332,94],{"class":93},[61,94334,2175],{"class":75},[61,94336,106],{"class":93},[61,94338,4644],{"class":75},[61,94340,258],{"class":93},[61,94342,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357,94359,94361,94363],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94344,1356],{"class":93},[61,94346,2175],{"class":75},[61,94348,106],{"class":93},[61,94350,5535],{"class":75},[61,94352,106],{"class":93},[61,94354,3040],{"class":75},[61,94356,106],{"class":93},[61,94358,1020],{"class":75},[61,94360,106],{"class":93},[61,94362,2505],{"class":75},[61,94364,1115],{"class":93},[61,94366,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,94368,3337],{"class":71},[61,94370,3340],{"class":882},[61,94372,3343],{"class":310},[61,94374,59823],{"class":314},[61,94376,3348],{"class":310},[61,94378,3351],{"class":71},[61,94380,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,94382,3337],{"class":71},[61,94384,3340],{"class":882},[61,94386,3343],{"class":310},[61,94388,192],{"class":314},[61,94390,3348],{"class":310},[61,94392,3351],{"class":71},[61,94394,94395],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,94396,348],{"class":355},[61,94398,94399],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,94400,2994],{"class":75},[47,94402,1879],{"id":1878},[260,94404,14930,94406,94408],{"id":94405},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94407,36225],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94410,46380,94411,94413],{},[15,94412,36225],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[260,94415,94417,94418,1395,94420,1916],{"id":94416},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94419,36225],{},[15,94421,92906],{},[20,94423,94424,94426,94427,94429],{},[15,94425,36225],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94428,92906],{}," creates a full list.",[260,94431,94433],{"id":94432},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94435,94436],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94438,295],{},[52,94440,94442],{"className":54,"code":94441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94443,94444,94458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94445,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94447,93045],{"class":67},[61,94449,72],{"class":71},[61,94451,53893],{"class":89},[61,94453,94],{"class":93},[61,94455,2192],{"class":75},[61,94457,258],{"class":93},[61,94459,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94461,90],{"class":89},[61,94463,94],{"class":93},[61,94465,60330],{"class":102},[61,94467,1356],{"class":93},[61,94469,3035],{"class":75},[61,94471,1365],{"class":93},[20,94473,345],{},[52,94475,94476],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,94477,94478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94479,94480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94481,46930],{"class":75},[260,94483,5196,94485,94487],{"id":94484},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94486,94185],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94489,94490,94491,94494],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94492,94493],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[260,94496,94498,94499,94501],{"id":94497},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94500,36225],{}," to a list?",[20,94503,94504],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[47,94506,1938],{"id":1937},[164,94508,94509,94515,94521,94528,94534],{},[167,94510,94511],{},[221,94512,13,94513,1947],{"href":92890},[15,94514,36225],{},[167,94516,94517],{},[221,94518,13,94519,1947],{"href":64673},[15,94520,24809],{},[167,94522,94523],{},[221,94524,13,94525,94527],{"href":93343},[15,94526,5996],{}," loops explained",[167,94529,94530],{},[221,94531,37547,94532,36636],{"href":93709},[15,94533,35775],{},[167,94535,94536],{},[221,94537,26148,94538],{"href":35445},[15,94539,34285],{},[1969,94541,94542],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":94544},[94545,94546,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94556,94557,94558,94569],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":93009,"depth":79,"text":93010},{"id":93241,"depth":79,"text":94548},"What range() gives you",{"id":93454,"depth":79,"text":94550},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93579,"depth":79,"text":94552},"When to use range()",{"id":93714,"depth":79,"text":94554},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15623,"depth":79,"text":15624},{"id":94033,"depth":79,"text":94034},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":94559},[94560,94562,94564,94565,94567],{"id":94405,"depth":86,"text":94561},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94416,"depth":86,"text":94563},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94432,"depth":86,"text":94433},{"id":94484,"depth":86,"text":94566},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94497,"depth":86,"text":94568},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92896,"description":94570},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94577,"title":94578,"body":94579,"description":96015,"extension":2017,"meta":96016,"navigation":82,"path":96017,"seo":96018,"stem":96019,"__hash__":96020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94580,"toc":95981},[94581,94587,94592,94595,94609,94612,94614,94653,94655,94668,94676,94681,94697,94700,94702,94704,94725,94742,94745,94804,94806,94825,94830,94836,94839,94873,94875,94888,94891,94936,94938,94961,94968,94974,94977,95018,95020,95034,95037,95095,95097,95112,95125,95131,95137,95202,95204,95223,95225,95243,95246,95250,95256,95258,95291,95293,95306,95316,95319,95380,95382,95403,95406,95408,95424,95429,95433,95438,95443,95499,95501,95519,95522,95567,95569,95577,95582,95586,95600,95602,95634,95636,95645,95647,95651,95660,95663,95695,95697,95709,95712,95716,95721,95762,95764,95772,95775,95798,95802,95804,95813,95816,95869,95871,95880,95884,95889,95900,95902,95911,95914,95920,95923,95929,95939,95947,95954,95956,95978],[10,94582,13,94584,18],{"id":94583},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94585,94586],{},"round()",[20,94588,9156,94589,94591],{},[15,94590,94586],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94593,94594],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[164,94596,94597,94603],{},[167,94598,94599,94602],{},[15,94600,94601],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[167,94604,94605,94608],{},[15,94606,94607],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94610,94611],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[47,94613,2059],{"id":2058},[52,94615,94617],{"className":54,"code":94616,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94618,94619,94635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94620,94621,94623,94625,94628,94630,94633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94622,90],{"class":89},[61,94624,94],{"class":93},[61,94626,94627],{"class":89},"round",[61,94629,94],{"class":93},[61,94631,94632],{"class":75},"3.14159",[61,94634,342],{"class":93},[61,94636,94637,94639,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94638,90],{"class":89},[61,94640,94],{"class":93},[61,94642,94627],{"class":89},[61,94644,94],{"class":93},[61,94646,94632],{"class":75},[61,94648,106],{"class":93},[61,94650,3040],{"class":75},[61,94652,342],{"class":93},[20,94654,345],{},[52,94656,94658],{"className":54,"code":94657,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94659,94660,94664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94661,94662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94663,46630],{"class":75},[61,94665,94666],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94667,40204],{"class":75},[20,94669,143,94670,94672,94673,94675],{},[15,94671,94601],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94674,94607],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[47,94677,151,94679,154],{"id":94678},"what-round-does",[15,94680,94586],{},[164,94682,94683,94688,94691,94694],{},[167,94684,94685,94687],{},[15,94686,94586],{}," is a built-in Python function",[167,94689,94690],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[167,94692,94693],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[167,94695,94696],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94698,94699],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[47,94701,233],{"id":232},[20,94703,236],{},[52,94705,94707],{"className":54,"code":94706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94708,94709],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94710,94711,94713,94715,94717,94720,94723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94712,94627],{"class":89},[61,94714,94],{"class":93},[61,94716,1271],{"class":102},[61,94718,94719],{"class":93},"[,",[61,94721,94722],{"class":102}," ndigits",[61,94724,1365],{"class":93},[164,94726,94727,94732,94737],{},[167,94728,94729,94731],{},[15,94730,1271],{}," is the value to round",[167,94733,94734,20066],{},[15,94735,94736],{},"ndigits",[167,94738,94739,94741],{},[15,94740,94736],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94743,94744],{},"Basic examples:",[52,94746,94748],{"className":54,"code":94747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94749,94750,94765,94783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94751,94752,94754,94756,94758,94760,94763],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94753,90],{"class":89},[61,94755,94],{"class":93},[61,94757,94627],{"class":89},[61,94759,94],{"class":93},[61,94761,94762],{"class":75},"7.8",[61,94764,342],{"class":93},[61,94766,94767,94769,94771,94773,94775,94777,94779,94781],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94768,90],{"class":89},[61,94770,94],{"class":93},[61,94772,94627],{"class":89},[61,94774,94],{"class":93},[61,94776,94762],{"class":75},[61,94778,106],{"class":93},[61,94780,5535],{"class":75},[61,94782,342],{"class":93},[61,94784,94785,94787,94789,94791,94793,94796,94798,94800,94802],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,94786,90],{"class":89},[61,94788,94],{"class":93},[61,94790,94627],{"class":89},[61,94792,94],{"class":93},[61,94794,94795],{"class":75},"1234",[61,94797,106],{"class":93},[61,94799,2274],{"class":71},[61,94801,2113],{"class":75},[61,94803,342],{"class":93},[20,94805,345],{},[52,94807,94809],{"className":54,"code":94808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94810,94811,94815,94820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94812,94813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94814,2430],{"class":75},[61,94816,94817],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94818,94819],{"class":75},"7.8\n",[61,94821,94822],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,94823,94824],{"class":75},"1200\n",[20,94826,94827,94828,229],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[221,94829,2469],{"href":2468},[47,94831,8449,94833,94835],{"id":94832},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94834,94586],{}," with one argument",[20,94837,94838],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[52,94840,94842],{"className":54,"code":94841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94843,94844,94858],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94845,94846,94848,94850,94852,94854,94856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94847,90],{"class":89},[61,94849,94],{"class":93},[61,94851,94627],{"class":89},[61,94853,94],{"class":93},[61,94855,2411],{"class":75},[61,94857,342],{"class":93},[61,94859,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868,94871],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94861,90],{"class":89},[61,94863,94],{"class":93},[61,94865,94627],{"class":89},[61,94867,94],{"class":93},[61,94869,94870],{"class":75},"4.8",[61,94872,342],{"class":93},[20,94874,345],{},[52,94876,94878],{"className":54,"code":94877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4\n5\n",[15,94879,94880,94884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94881,94882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94883,48662],{"class":75},[61,94885,94886],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94887,2994],{"class":75},[20,94889,94890],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[52,94892,94894],{"className":54,"code":94893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94895,94896,94912,94922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94897,94898,94900,94902,94905,94907,94910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94899,1593],{"class":67},[61,94901,72],{"class":71},[61,94903,94904],{"class":89}," round",[61,94906,94],{"class":93},[61,94908,94909],{"class":75},"10.2",[61,94911,258],{"class":93},[61,94913,94914,94916,94918,94920],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94915,90],{"class":89},[61,94917,94],{"class":93},[61,94919,1620],{"class":102},[61,94921,258],{"class":93},[61,94923,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,94925,90],{"class":89},[61,94927,94],{"class":93},[61,94929,657],{"class":109},[61,94931,94],{"class":93},[61,94933,1620],{"class":102},[61,94935,342],{"class":93},[20,94937,345],{},[52,94939,94941],{"className":54,"code":94940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94942,94943,94947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94944,94945],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94946,2425],{"class":75},[61,94948,94949,94951,94953,94955,94957,94959],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,94950,3337],{"class":71},[61,94952,3340],{"class":882},[61,94954,3343],{"class":310},[61,94956,189],{"class":314},[61,94958,3348],{"class":310},[61,94960,3351],{"class":71},[20,94962,94963,94964,229],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[221,94965,13,94966,1947],{"href":2923},[15,94967,2926],{},[47,94969,8449,94971,94973],{"id":94970},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94972,94586],{}," with decimal places",[20,94975,94976],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[52,94978,94980],{"className":54,"code":94979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94981,94982,95000],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94983,94984,94986,94988,94990,94992,94994,94996,94998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94985,90],{"class":89},[61,94987,94],{"class":93},[61,94989,94627],{"class":89},[61,94991,94],{"class":93},[61,94993,94632],{"class":75},[61,94995,106],{"class":93},[61,94997,3040],{"class":75},[61,94999,342],{"class":93},[61,95001,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010,95012,95014,95016],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95003,90],{"class":89},[61,95005,94],{"class":93},[61,95007,94627],{"class":89},[61,95009,94],{"class":93},[61,95011,94632],{"class":75},[61,95013,106],{"class":93},[61,95015,1020],{"class":75},[61,95017,342],{"class":93},[20,95019,345],{},[52,95021,95023],{"className":54,"code":95022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95024,95025,95029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95026,95027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95028,40204],{"class":75},[61,95030,95031],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95032,95033],{"class":75},"3.142\n",[20,95035,95036],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[52,95038,95040],{"className":54,"code":95039,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95041,95042,95051,95070,95074,95084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95043,95044,95046,95048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95045,40413],{"class":67},[61,95047,72],{"class":71},[61,95049,95050],{"class":75}," 19.9876\n",[61,95052,95053,95056,95058,95060,95062,95064,95066,95068],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95054,95055],{"class":67},"rounded_price ",[61,95057,72],{"class":71},[61,95059,94904],{"class":89},[61,95061,94],{"class":93},[61,95063,25178],{"class":102},[61,95065,106],{"class":93},[61,95067,3040],{"class":75},[61,95069,258],{"class":93},[61,95071,95072],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95073,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,95075,95076,95078,95080,95082],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,95077,90],{"class":89},[61,95079,94],{"class":93},[61,95081,25178],{"class":102},[61,95083,258],{"class":93},[61,95085,95086,95088,95090,95093],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,95087,90],{"class":89},[61,95089,94],{"class":93},[61,95091,95092],{"class":102},"rounded_price",[61,95094,258],{"class":93},[20,95096,345],{},[52,95098,95100],{"className":54,"code":95099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95101,95102,95107],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95103,95104],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95105,95106],{"class":75},"19.9876\n",[61,95108,95109],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95110,95111],{"class":75},"19.99\n",[20,95113,95114,95115,95118,95119,31,95121,229],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95116,95117],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[221,95120,40917],{"href":40916},[221,95122,13,95123,1947],{"href":2929},[15,95124,2932],{},[47,95126,95128,95129],{"id":95127},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95130,94736],{},[20,95132,95133,95134,95136],{},"A negative ",[15,95135,94736],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[52,95138,95140],{"className":54,"code":95139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95141,95142,95162,95182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95143,95144,95146,95148,95150,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95145,90],{"class":89},[61,95147,94],{"class":93},[61,95149,94627],{"class":89},[61,95151,94],{"class":93},[61,95153,94795],{"class":75},[61,95155,106],{"class":93},[61,95157,2274],{"class":71},[61,95159,3035],{"class":75},[61,95161,342],{"class":93},[61,95163,95164,95166,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176,95178,95180],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95165,90],{"class":89},[61,95167,94],{"class":93},[61,95169,94627],{"class":89},[61,95171,94],{"class":93},[61,95173,94795],{"class":75},[61,95175,106],{"class":93},[61,95177,2274],{"class":71},[61,95179,2113],{"class":75},[61,95181,342],{"class":93},[61,95183,95184,95186,95188,95190,95192,95194,95196,95198,95200],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95185,90],{"class":89},[61,95187,94],{"class":93},[61,95189,94627],{"class":89},[61,95191,94],{"class":93},[61,95193,94795],{"class":75},[61,95195,106],{"class":93},[61,95197,2274],{"class":71},[61,95199,1046],{"class":75},[61,95201,342],{"class":93},[20,95203,345],{},[52,95205,95207],{"className":54,"code":95206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95208,95209,95214,95218],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95210,95211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95212,95213],{"class":75},"1230\n",[61,95215,95216],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95217,94824],{"class":75},[61,95219,95220],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95221,95222],{"class":75},"1000\n",[20,95224,65410],{},[164,95226,95227,95232,95238],{},[167,95228,95229,95231],{},[15,95230,65680],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[167,95233,95234,95237],{},[15,95235,95236],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[167,95239,95240,95242],{},[15,95241,47683],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95244,95245],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[47,95247,95249],{"id":95248},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95251,95252,95253,229],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95254,95255],{},".5",[20,95257,5509],{},[52,95259,95261],{"className":54,"code":95260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95262,95263,95277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95264,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273,95275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95266,90],{"class":89},[61,95268,94],{"class":93},[61,95270,94627],{"class":89},[61,95272,94],{"class":93},[61,95274,41184],{"class":75},[61,95276,342],{"class":93},[61,95278,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287,95289],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95280,90],{"class":89},[61,95282,94],{"class":93},[61,95284,94627],{"class":89},[61,95286,94],{"class":93},[61,95288,2096],{"class":75},[61,95290,342],{"class":93},[20,95292,345],{},[52,95294,95296],{"className":54,"code":95295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n4\n",[15,95297,95298,95302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95299,95300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95301,17083],{"class":75},[61,95303,95304],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95305,48662],{"class":75},[20,95307,95308,95309,95312,95313,95315],{},"Python uses ",[3784,95310,95311],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95314,95255],{}," situations.",[20,95317,95318],{},"More examples:",[52,95320,95322],{"className":54,"code":95321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95323,95324,95338,95352,95366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95325,95326,95328,95330,95332,95334,95336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95327,90],{"class":89},[61,95329,94],{"class":93},[61,95331,94627],{"class":89},[61,95333,94],{"class":93},[61,95335,41197],{"class":75},[61,95337,342],{"class":93},[61,95339,95340,95342,95344,95346,95348,95350],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95341,90],{"class":89},[61,95343,94],{"class":93},[61,95345,94627],{"class":89},[61,95347,94],{"class":93},[61,95349,41184],{"class":75},[61,95351,342],{"class":93},[61,95353,95354,95356,95358,95360,95362,95364],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95355,90],{"class":89},[61,95357,94],{"class":93},[61,95359,94627],{"class":89},[61,95361,94],{"class":93},[61,95363,2096],{"class":75},[61,95365,342],{"class":93},[61,95367,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376,95378],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,95369,90],{"class":89},[61,95371,94],{"class":93},[61,95373,94627],{"class":89},[61,95375,94],{"class":93},[61,95377,41149],{"class":75},[61,95379,342],{"class":93},[20,95381,345],{},[52,95383,95385],{"className":54,"code":95384,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95386,95387,95391,95395,95399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95388,95389],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95390,17083],{"class":75},[61,95392,95393],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95394,17083],{"class":75},[61,95396,95397],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95398,48662],{"class":75},[61,95400,95401],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,95402,48662],{"class":75},[20,95404,95405],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95407,10742],{},[164,95409,95410,95417],{},[167,95411,95412,2189,95415],{},[15,95413,95414],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95416,2113],{},[167,95418,95419,2189,95422],{},[15,95420,95421],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95423,2552],{},[20,95425,3216,95426,95428],{},[15,95427,95255],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[47,95430,95432],{"id":95431},"return-values","Return values",[20,95434,95435,95437],{},[15,95436,94586],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95439,40931,95440,95442],{},[3784,95441,4670],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[52,95444,95446],{"className":54,"code":95445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95447,95448,95457,95461,95471,95489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95449,95450,95452,95454],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95451,68],{"class":67},[61,95453,72],{"class":71},[61,95455,95456],{"class":75}," 3.14159\n",[61,95458,95459],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95460,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,95462,95463,95465,95467,95469],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95464,90],{"class":89},[61,95466,94],{"class":93},[61,95468,103],{"class":102},[61,95470,258],{"class":93},[61,95472,95473,95475,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,95474,90],{"class":89},[61,95476,94],{"class":93},[61,95478,94627],{"class":89},[61,95480,94],{"class":93},[61,95482,103],{"class":102},[61,95484,106],{"class":93},[61,95486,3040],{"class":75},[61,95488,342],{"class":93},[61,95490,95491,95493,95495,95497],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,95492,90],{"class":89},[61,95494,94],{"class":93},[61,95496,103],{"class":102},[61,95498,258],{"class":93},[20,95500,345],{},[52,95502,95504],{"className":54,"code":95503,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95505,95506,95511,95515],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95507,95508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95509,95510],{"class":75},"3.14159\n",[61,95512,95513],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95514,40204],{"class":75},[61,95516,95517],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95518,95510],{"class":75},[20,95520,95521],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[52,95523,95525],{"className":54,"code":95524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95526,95527,95535,95553,95557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95528,95529,95531,95533],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95530,68],{"class":67},[61,95532,72],{"class":71},[61,95534,95456],{"class":75},[61,95536,95537,95539,95541,95543,95545,95547,95549,95551],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95538,68],{"class":67},[61,95540,72],{"class":71},[61,95542,94904],{"class":89},[61,95544,94],{"class":93},[61,95546,103],{"class":102},[61,95548,106],{"class":93},[61,95550,3040],{"class":75},[61,95552,258],{"class":93},[61,95554,95555],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95556,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,95558,95559,95561,95563,95565],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,95560,90],{"class":89},[61,95562,94],{"class":93},[61,95564,103],{"class":102},[61,95566,258],{"class":93},[20,95568,345],{},[52,95570,95571],{"className":54,"code":40204,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,95572,95573],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95574,95575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95576,40204],{"class":75},[47,95578,5001,95580],{"id":95579},"when-to-use-round",[15,95581,94586],{},[20,95583,143,95584,6357],{},[15,95585,94586],{},[164,95587,95588,95591,95594,95597],{},[167,95589,95590],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[167,95592,95593],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[167,95595,95596],{},"Round values before reporting results",[167,95598,95599],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95601,5509],{},[52,95603,95605],{"className":54,"code":95604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95606,95607,95616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95608,95609,95611,95613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95610,2643],{"class":67},[61,95612,72],{"class":71},[61,95614,95615],{"class":75}," 12.67891\n",[61,95617,95618,95620,95622,95624,95626,95628,95630,95632],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95619,90],{"class":89},[61,95621,94],{"class":93},[61,95623,94627],{"class":89},[61,95625,94],{"class":93},[61,95627,2666],{"class":102},[61,95629,106],{"class":93},[61,95631,3040],{"class":75},[61,95633,342],{"class":93},[20,95635,345],{},[52,95637,95639],{"className":54,"code":95638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"12.68\n",[15,95640,95641],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95642,95643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95644,95638],{"class":75},[47,95646,2878],{"id":2877},[20,95648,23122,95649,229],{},[15,95650,94586],{},[260,95652,8485,95654,95656,95657,95659],{"id":95653},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95655,94586],{}," to always round ",[15,95658,95255],{}," upward",[20,95661,95662],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[52,95664,95665],{"className":54,"code":95260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,95666,95667,95681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95668,95669,95671,95673,95675,95677,95679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95670,90],{"class":89},[61,95672,94],{"class":93},[61,95674,94627],{"class":89},[61,95676,94],{"class":93},[61,95678,41184],{"class":75},[61,95680,342],{"class":93},[61,95682,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691,95693],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95684,90],{"class":89},[61,95686,94],{"class":93},[61,95688,94627],{"class":89},[61,95690,94],{"class":93},[61,95692,2096],{"class":75},[61,95694,342],{"class":93},[20,95696,345],{},[52,95698,95699],{"className":54,"code":95295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,95700,95701,95705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95702,95703],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95704,17083],{"class":75},[61,95706,95707],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95708,48662],{"class":75},[20,95710,95711],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[260,95713,95715],{"id":95714},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95717,95718,95720],{},[15,95719,94586],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[52,95722,95724],{"className":54,"code":95723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95725,95726,95734,95748,95752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95727,95728,95730,95732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95729,68],{"class":67},[61,95731,72],{"class":71},[61,95733,95456],{"class":75},[61,95735,95736,95738,95740,95742,95744,95746],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95737,94627],{"class":89},[61,95739,94],{"class":93},[61,95741,103],{"class":102},[61,95743,106],{"class":93},[61,95745,3040],{"class":75},[61,95747,258],{"class":93},[61,95749,95750],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95751,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,95753,95754,95756,95758,95760],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,95755,90],{"class":89},[61,95757,94],{"class":93},[61,95759,103],{"class":102},[61,95761,258],{"class":93},[20,95763,345],{},[52,95765,95766],{"className":54,"code":95510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,95767,95768],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95769,95770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95771,95510],{"class":75},[20,95773,95774],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[52,95776,95778],{"className":54,"code":95777,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95779,95780],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95781,95782,95784,95786,95788,95790,95792,95794,95796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95783,68],{"class":67},[61,95785,72],{"class":71},[61,95787,94904],{"class":89},[61,95789,94],{"class":93},[61,95791,103],{"class":102},[61,95793,106],{"class":93},[61,95795,3040],{"class":75},[61,95797,258],{"class":93},[260,95799,95801],{"id":95800},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95803,16429],{},[52,95805,95807],{"className":54,"code":95806,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95808,95809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95810,95811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95812,95806],{"class":116},[20,95814,95815],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[52,95817,95819],{"className":54,"code":95818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95820,95821,95833,95847,95851],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95822,95823,95825,95827,95829,95831],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95824,450],{"class":67},[61,95826,72],{"class":71},[61,95828,311],{"class":310},[61,95830,40170],{"class":314},[61,95832,318],{"class":310},[61,95834,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843,95845],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,95836,2269],{"class":67},[61,95838,72],{"class":71},[61,95840,579],{"class":109},[61,95842,94],{"class":93},[61,95844,476],{"class":102},[61,95846,258],{"class":93},[61,95848,95849],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,95850,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,95852,95853,95855,95857,95859,95861,95863,95865,95867],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,95854,90],{"class":89},[61,95856,94],{"class":93},[61,95858,94627],{"class":89},[61,95860,94],{"class":93},[61,95862,1271],{"class":102},[61,95864,106],{"class":93},[61,95866,5535],{"class":75},[61,95868,342],{"class":93},[20,95870,345],{},[52,95872,95874],{"className":54,"code":95873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.1\n",[15,95875,95876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95877,95878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95879,95873],{"class":75},[260,95881,95883],{"id":95882},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95885,95886,95888],{},[15,95887,94586],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95890,95891,95892,31,95896,229],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[221,95893,95894],{"href":2929},[15,95895,2932],{},[221,95897,95898],{"href":2923},[15,95899,2926],{},[47,95901,1879],{"id":1878},[260,95903,1928,95905,95907,95908,95910],{"id":95904},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95906,94586],{}," always round ",[15,95909,40241],{}," up?",[20,95912,95913],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[260,95915,1928,95917,95919],{"id":95916},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95918,94586],{}," change the original number?",[20,95921,95922],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[260,95924,1898,95926,95928],{"id":95925},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95927,94586],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95930,95931,95932,95934,95935,31,95937,229],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95933,94736],{}," value like ",[15,95936,65680],{},[15,95938,95236],{},[260,95940,28355,95942,95944,95945,1916],{"id":95941},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95943,94586],{}," on a string like ",[15,95946,48107],{},[20,95948,95949,95950,31,95952,229],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95951,2932],{},[15,95953,2926],{},[47,95955,1938],{"id":1937},[164,95957,95958,95964,95970,95974],{},[167,95959,95960],{},[221,95961,13,95962,1947],{"href":2929},[15,95963,2932],{},[167,95965,95966],{},[221,95967,13,95968,1947],{"href":2923},[15,95969,2926],{},[167,95971,95972],{},[221,95973,2469],{"href":2468},[167,95975,95976],{},[221,95977,42204],{"href":40916},[1969,95979,95980],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":95982},[95983,95984,95986,95987,95989,95991,95993,95994,95995,95997,96004,96014],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":94678,"depth":79,"text":95985},"What round() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":94832,"depth":79,"text":95988},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94970,"depth":79,"text":95990},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95127,"depth":79,"text":95992},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95248,"depth":79,"text":95249},{"id":95431,"depth":79,"text":95432},{"id":95579,"depth":79,"text":95996},"When to use round()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":95998},[95999,96001,96002,96003],{"id":95653,"depth":86,"text":96000},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95714,"depth":86,"text":95715},{"id":95800,"depth":86,"text":95801},{"id":95882,"depth":86,"text":95883},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":96005},[96006,96008,96010,96012],{"id":95904,"depth":86,"text":96007},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95916,"depth":86,"text":96009},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95925,"depth":86,"text":96011},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95941,"depth":86,"text":96013},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94578,"description":96015},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96022,"title":96023,"body":96024,"description":97209,"extension":2017,"meta":97210,"navigation":82,"path":97211,"seo":97212,"stem":97213,"__hash__":97214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96025,"toc":97183},[96026,96033,96039,96042,96044,96093,96097,96122,96127,96132,96137,96151,96162,96164,96183,96185,96201,96204,96215,96217,96219,96280,96284,96317,96324,96331,96334,96367,96370,96374,96377,96430,96434,96455,96461,96468,96475,96536,96544,96621,96625,96637,96646,96648,96654,96660,96664,96717,96720,96778,96782,96790,96793,96797,96800,96810,96812,96909,96912,96923,96926,96969,96973,96997,97000,97006,97008,97012,97037,97039,97106,97115,97117,97123,97128,97132,97135,97139,97146,97150,97155,97157,97174,97180],[10,96027,96029,96030,11352],{"id":96028},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96031,96032],{},"add()",[20,96034,96035,96038],{},[15,96036,96037],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96040,96041],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[47,96043,2059],{"id":2058},[52,96045,96047],{"className":54,"code":96046,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96048,96049,96069,96083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96050,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96052,3661],{"class":67},[61,96054,72],{"class":71},[61,96056,1305],{"class":93},[61,96058,3035],{"class":75},[61,96060,106],{"class":93},[61,96062,3040],{"class":75},[61,96064,106],{"class":93},[61,96066,1020],{"class":75},[61,96068,1324],{"class":93},[61,96070,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079,96081],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96072,3691],{"class":67},[61,96074,229],{"class":93},[61,96076,81932],{"class":102},[61,96078,94],{"class":93},[61,96080,2552],{"class":75},[61,96082,258],{"class":93},[61,96084,96085,96087,96089,96091],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,96086,90],{"class":89},[61,96088,94],{"class":93},[61,96090,3691],{"class":102},[61,96092,258],{"class":93},[20,96094,96095],{},[3784,96096,345],{},[52,96098,96100],{"className":54,"code":96099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96101,96102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96103,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96105,9310],{"class":93},[61,96107,3035],{"class":75},[61,96109,106],{"class":93},[61,96111,3040],{"class":75},[61,96113,106],{"class":93},[61,96115,1020],{"class":75},[61,96117,106],{"class":93},[61,96119,2505],{"class":75},[61,96121,1324],{"class":93},[20,96123,143,96124,96126],{},[15,96125,96032],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[47,96128,151,96130,154],{"id":96129},"what-setadd-does",[15,96131,96037],{},[20,96133,96134,96136],{},[15,96135,96037],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[164,96138,96139,96142,96145,96148],{},[167,96140,96141],{},"Adds one item to a set",[167,96143,96144],{},"Changes the original set in place",[167,96146,96147],{},"Does not return a new set",[167,96149,96150],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96152,96153,96154,31,96158,229],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[221,96155,96157],{"href":96156},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[221,96159,96161],{"href":96160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[47,96163,233],{"id":232},[52,96165,96167],{"className":54,"code":96166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96168,96169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96170,96171,96173,96175,96177,96179,96181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96172,15694],{"class":67},[61,96174,229],{"class":93},[61,96176,81932],{"class":102},[61,96178,94],{"class":93},[61,96180,23338],{"class":102},[61,96182,258],{"class":93},[20,96184,11488],{},[164,96186,96187,96192,96195],{},[167,96188,55732,96189,96191],{},[15,96190,96032],{}," on an existing set",[167,96193,96194],{},"Pass exactly one item",[167,96196,96197,96198],{},"The item must be ",[3784,96199,96200],{},"hashable",[20,96202,96203],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[164,96205,96206,96208,96210,96213],{},[167,96207,56285],{},[167,96209,56288],{},[167,96211,96212],{},"Tuples",[167,96214,40621],{},[47,96216,359],{"id":358},[20,96218,11506],{},[52,96220,96222],{"className":54,"code":96221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96223,96224,96248,96266,96270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96225,96226,96228,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96227,13102],{"class":67},[61,96229,72],{"class":71},[61,96231,1305],{"class":93},[61,96233,1010],{"class":310},[61,96235,13119],{"class":314},[61,96237,1010],{"class":310},[61,96239,106],{"class":93},[61,96241,311],{"class":310},[61,96243,13136],{"class":314},[61,96245,1010],{"class":310},[61,96247,1324],{"class":93},[61,96249,96250,96252,96254,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96251,17529],{"class":67},[61,96253,229],{"class":93},[61,96255,81932],{"class":102},[61,96257,94],{"class":93},[61,96259,1010],{"class":310},[61,96261,17482],{"class":314},[61,96263,1010],{"class":310},[61,96265,258],{"class":93},[61,96267,96268],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,96269,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,96271,96272,96274,96276,96278],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,96273,90],{"class":89},[61,96275,94],{"class":93},[61,96277,17529],{"class":102},[61,96279,258],{"class":93},[20,96281,96282],{},[3784,96283,30057],{},[52,96285,96287],{"className":54,"code":96286,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96288,96289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96290,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313,96315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96292,9310],{"class":93},[61,96294,3348],{"class":310},[61,96296,13119],{"class":314},[61,96298,3348],{"class":310},[61,96300,106],{"class":93},[61,96302,3343],{"class":310},[61,96304,17482],{"class":314},[61,96306,3348],{"class":310},[61,96308,106],{"class":93},[61,96310,3343],{"class":310},[61,96312,13136],{"class":314},[61,96314,3348],{"class":310},[61,96316,1324],{"class":93},[20,96318,96319,96320,96323],{},"The new value ",[15,96321,96322],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96325,96326,96327,96330],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3784,96328,96329],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96332,96333],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[52,96335,96337],{"className":54,"code":96336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96338,96339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96340,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96342,9310],{"class":93},[61,96344,3348],{"class":310},[61,96346,13136],{"class":314},[61,96348,3348],{"class":310},[61,96350,106],{"class":93},[61,96352,3343],{"class":310},[61,96354,13119],{"class":314},[61,96356,3348],{"class":310},[61,96358,106],{"class":93},[61,96360,3343],{"class":310},[61,96362,17482],{"class":314},[61,96364,3348],{"class":310},[61,96366,1324],{"class":93},[20,96368,96369],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[47,96371,96373],{"id":96372},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96375,96376],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[52,96378,96380],{"className":54,"code":96379,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96381,96382,96402,96416,96420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96383,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96385,3661],{"class":67},[61,96387,72],{"class":71},[61,96389,1305],{"class":93},[61,96391,3035],{"class":75},[61,96393,106],{"class":93},[61,96395,3040],{"class":75},[61,96397,106],{"class":93},[61,96399,1020],{"class":75},[61,96401,1324],{"class":93},[61,96403,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96405,3691],{"class":67},[61,96407,229],{"class":93},[61,96409,81932],{"class":102},[61,96411,94],{"class":93},[61,96413,2113],{"class":75},[61,96415,258],{"class":93},[61,96417,96418],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,96419,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,96421,96422,96424,96426,96428],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,96423,90],{"class":89},[61,96425,94],{"class":93},[61,96427,3691],{"class":102},[61,96429,258],{"class":93},[20,96431,96432],{},[3784,96433,345],{},[52,96435,96437],{"className":54,"code":96436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96438,96439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96440,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96442,9310],{"class":93},[61,96444,3035],{"class":75},[61,96446,106],{"class":93},[61,96448,3040],{"class":75},[61,96450,106],{"class":93},[61,96452,1020],{"class":75},[61,96454,1324],{"class":93},[20,96456,96457,96458,96460],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96459,2113],{}," was already present.",[47,96462,96464,741,96466],{"id":96463},"add-vs-update",[15,96465,96032],{},[15,96467,14981],{},[20,96469,143,96470,96472,96473,229],{},[15,96471,96032],{}," when you want to add ",[3784,96474,52479],{},[52,96476,96478],{"className":54,"code":96477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96479,96480,96504,96522,96526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96481,96482,96484,96486,96488,96490,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96483,36117],{"class":67},[61,96485,72],{"class":71},[61,96487,1305],{"class":93},[61,96489,1010],{"class":310},[61,96491,221],{"class":314},[61,96493,1010],{"class":310},[61,96495,106],{"class":93},[61,96497,311],{"class":310},[61,96499,1101],{"class":314},[61,96501,1010],{"class":310},[61,96503,1324],{"class":93},[61,96505,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96507,36170],{"class":67},[61,96509,229],{"class":93},[61,96511,81932],{"class":102},[61,96513,94],{"class":93},[61,96515,1010],{"class":310},[61,96517,1110],{"class":314},[61,96519,1010],{"class":310},[61,96521,258],{"class":93},[61,96523,96524],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,96525,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,96527,96528,96530,96532,96534],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,96529,90],{"class":89},[61,96531,94],{"class":93},[61,96533,36170],{"class":102},[61,96535,258],{"class":93},[20,96537,143,96538,96472,96540,96543],{},[15,96539,14981],{},[3784,96541,96542],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[52,96545,96547],{"className":54,"code":96546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96548,96549,96573,96607,96611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96550,96551,96553,96555,96557,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96552,36117],{"class":67},[61,96554,72],{"class":71},[61,96556,1305],{"class":93},[61,96558,1010],{"class":310},[61,96560,221],{"class":314},[61,96562,1010],{"class":310},[61,96564,106],{"class":93},[61,96566,311],{"class":310},[61,96568,1101],{"class":314},[61,96570,1010],{"class":310},[61,96572,1324],{"class":93},[61,96574,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96576,36170],{"class":67},[61,96578,229],{"class":93},[61,96580,30492],{"class":102},[61,96582,3032],{"class":93},[61,96584,1010],{"class":310},[61,96586,1110],{"class":314},[61,96588,1010],{"class":310},[61,96590,106],{"class":93},[61,96592,311],{"class":310},[61,96594,18795],{"class":314},[61,96596,1010],{"class":310},[61,96598,106],{"class":93},[61,96600,311],{"class":310},[61,96602,60272],{"class":314},[61,96604,1010],{"class":310},[61,96606,1365],{"class":93},[61,96608,96609],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,96610,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,96612,96613,96615,96617,96619],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,96614,90],{"class":89},[61,96616,94],{"class":93},[61,96618,36170],{"class":102},[61,96620,258],{"class":93},[260,96622,96624],{"id":96623},"key-difference","Key difference",[164,96626,96627,96632],{},[167,96628,96629,96631],{},[15,96630,96032],{}," adds one item",[167,96633,96634,96636],{},[15,96635,14981],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96638,96639,96640,229],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[221,96641,96643,96644,10770],{"href":96642},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96645,14981],{},[47,96647,17445],{"id":17444},[20,96649,96650,2446,96652,229],{},[15,96651,96037],{},[15,96653,3820],{},[20,96655,96656,96657,96659],{},"That means you should ",[3784,96658,4670],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[260,96661,96663],{"id":96662},"correct","Correct",[52,96665,96667],{"className":54,"code":96666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96668,96669,96689,96703,96707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96670,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96672,15656],{"class":67},[61,96674,72],{"class":71},[61,96676,1305],{"class":93},[61,96678,3035],{"class":75},[61,96680,106],{"class":93},[61,96682,3040],{"class":75},[61,96684,106],{"class":93},[61,96686,1020],{"class":75},[61,96688,1324],{"class":93},[61,96690,96691,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96692,15694],{"class":67},[61,96694,229],{"class":93},[61,96696,81932],{"class":102},[61,96698,94],{"class":93},[61,96700,2552],{"class":75},[61,96702,258],{"class":93},[61,96704,96705],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,96706,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,96708,96709,96711,96713,96715],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,96710,90],{"class":89},[61,96712,94],{"class":93},[61,96714,15694],{"class":102},[61,96716,258],{"class":93},[260,96718,96719],{"id":61594},"Wrong",[52,96721,96723],{"className":54,"code":96722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96724,96725,96745,96764,96768],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96726,96727,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96728,15656],{"class":67},[61,96730,72],{"class":71},[61,96732,1305],{"class":93},[61,96734,3035],{"class":75},[61,96736,106],{"class":93},[61,96738,3040],{"class":75},[61,96740,106],{"class":93},[61,96742,1020],{"class":75},[61,96744,1324],{"class":93},[61,96746,96747,96749,96751,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96748,15656],{"class":67},[61,96750,72],{"class":71},[61,96752,96753],{"class":67}," my_set",[61,96755,229],{"class":93},[61,96757,81932],{"class":102},[61,96759,94],{"class":93},[61,96761,2552],{"class":75},[61,96763,258],{"class":93},[61,96765,96766],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,96767,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,96769,96770,96772,96774,96776],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,96771,90],{"class":89},[61,96773,94],{"class":93},[61,96775,15694],{"class":102},[61,96777,258],{"class":93},[20,96779,96780],{},[3784,96781,345],{},[52,96783,96784],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,96785,96786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96787,96788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96789,11835],{"class":355},[20,96791,96792],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[47,96794,96796],{"id":96795},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96798,96799],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[164,96801,96802,96804,96806,96808],{},[167,96803,56285],{},[167,96805,56288],{},[167,96807,96212],{},[167,96809,40621],{},[20,96811,295],{},[52,96813,96815],{"className":54,"code":96814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96816,96817,96827,96831,96845,96863,96881,96895,96899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96818,96819,96821,96823,96825],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96820,7814],{"class":67},[61,96822,72],{"class":71},[61,96824,15661],{"class":109},[61,96826,8676],{"class":93},[61,96828,96829],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96830,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,96832,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,96834,7845],{"class":67},[61,96836,229],{"class":93},[61,96838,81932],{"class":102},[61,96840,94],{"class":93},[61,96842,2379],{"class":75},[61,96844,258],{"class":93},[61,96846,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,96848,7845],{"class":67},[61,96850,229],{"class":93},[61,96852,81932],{"class":102},[61,96854,94],{"class":93},[61,96856,1010],{"class":310},[61,96858,457],{"class":314},[61,96860,1010],{"class":310},[61,96862,258],{"class":93},[61,96864,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875,96877,96879],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,96866,7845],{"class":67},[61,96868,229],{"class":93},[61,96870,81932],{"class":102},[61,96872,5548],{"class":93},[61,96874,3035],{"class":75},[61,96876,106],{"class":93},[61,96878,3040],{"class":75},[61,96880,342],{"class":93},[61,96882,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891,96893],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,96884,7845],{"class":67},[61,96886,229],{"class":93},[61,96888,81932],{"class":102},[61,96890,94],{"class":93},[61,96892,30],{"class":355},[61,96894,258],{"class":93},[61,96896,96897],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,96898,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,96900,96901,96903,96905,96907],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,96902,90],{"class":89},[61,96904,94],{"class":93},[61,96906,7845],{"class":102},[61,96908,258],{"class":93},[20,96910,96911],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[164,96913,96914,96917,96920],{},[167,96915,96916],{},"Lists",[167,96918,96919],{},"Dictionaries",[167,96921,96922],{},"Sets",[20,96924,96925],{},"Example that causes an error:",[52,96927,96929],{"className":54,"code":96928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96930,96931,96951],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96932,96933,96935,96937,96939,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96934,7814],{"class":67},[61,96936,72],{"class":71},[61,96938,1305],{"class":93},[61,96940,3035],{"class":75},[61,96942,106],{"class":93},[61,96944,3040],{"class":75},[61,96946,106],{"class":93},[61,96948,1020],{"class":75},[61,96950,1324],{"class":93},[61,96952,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961,96963,96965,96967],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,96954,7845],{"class":67},[61,96956,229],{"class":93},[61,96958,81932],{"class":102},[61,96960,3032],{"class":93},[61,96962,2552],{"class":75},[61,96964,106],{"class":93},[61,96966,4644],{"class":75},[61,96968,1365],{"class":93},[20,96970,96971],{},[3784,96972,29708],{},[52,96974,96976],{"className":54,"code":96975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96977,96978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96979,96980,96982,96984,96987,96989,96991,96993,96995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96981,1382],{"class":109},[61,96983,1314],{"class":93},[61,96985,96986],{"class":67}," unhashable ",[61,96988,657],{"class":109},[61,96990,1314],{"class":93},[61,96992,3343],{"class":310},[61,96994,192],{"class":314},[61,96996,29727],{"class":310},[20,96998,96999],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97001,97002,97003,229],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97004,97005],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[47,97007,2878],{"id":2877},[20,97009,14760,97010,1314],{},[15,97011,96037],{},[164,97013,97014,97019,97024,97027,97034],{},[167,97015,8449,97016,97018],{},[15,97017,96032],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[167,97020,8485,97021,97023],{},[15,97022,96032],{}," to return the updated set",[167,97025,97026],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[167,97028,37232,97029,97031,97032],{},[15,97030,96037],{}," with list ",[15,97033,52475],{},[167,97035,97036],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97038,71332],{},[52,97040,97042],{"className":54,"code":97041,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97043,97044,97054,97068,97078,97092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97045,97046,97048,97050,97052],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97047,90],{"class":89},[61,97049,94],{"class":93},[61,97051,15694],{"class":102},[61,97053,258],{"class":93},[61,97055,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97057,90],{"class":89},[61,97059,94],{"class":93},[61,97061,657],{"class":109},[61,97063,94],{"class":93},[61,97065,15694],{"class":102},[61,97067,342],{"class":93},[61,97069,97070,97072,97074,97076],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,97071,90],{"class":89},[61,97073,94],{"class":93},[61,97075,103],{"class":102},[61,97077,258],{"class":93},[61,97079,97080,97082,97084,97086,97088,97090],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,97081,90],{"class":89},[61,97083,94],{"class":93},[61,97085,657],{"class":109},[61,97087,94],{"class":93},[61,97089,103],{"class":102},[61,97091,342],{"class":93},[61,97093,97094,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,97095,32181],{"class":89},[61,97097,94],{"class":93},[61,97099,6326],{"class":109},[61,97101,229],{"class":93},[61,97103,81932],{"class":24778},[61,97105,258],{"class":93},[20,97107,97108,97109,97111,97112,229],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97110,96037],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[221,97113,52872],{"href":97114},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[47,97116,1879],{"id":1878},[260,97118,1928,97120,97122],{"id":97119},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97121,96037],{}," return a new set?",[20,97124,97125,97126,229],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97127,3820],{},[260,97129,97131],{"id":97130},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97133,97134],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[260,97136,97138],{"id":97137},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97140,143,97141,1395,97144,229],{},[15,97142,97143],{},"set.update()",[15,97145,96032],{},[260,97147,97149],{"id":97148},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97151,97152,97153,229],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97154,1382],{},[47,97156,1938],{"id":1937},[164,97158,97159,97163,97168],{},[167,97160,97161],{},[221,97162,96157],{"href":96156},[167,97164,97165],{},[221,97166,97167],{"href":96160},"How to create a set in Python",[167,97169,97170],{},[221,97171,96643,97172,10770],{"href":96642},[15,97173,14981],{},[20,97175,97176,97177,97179],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97178,96032],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1969,97181,97182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":97184},[97185,97186,97188,97189,97190,97191,97195,97199,97200,97201,97208],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":96129,"depth":79,"text":97187},"What set.add() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":96372,"depth":79,"text":96373},{"id":96463,"depth":79,"text":97192,"children":97193},"add() vs update()",[97194],{"id":96623,"depth":86,"text":96624},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445,"children":97196},[97197,97198],{"id":96662,"depth":86,"text":96663},{"id":61594,"depth":86,"text":96719},{"id":96795,"depth":79,"text":96796},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":97202},[97203,97205,97206,97207],{"id":97119,"depth":86,"text":97204},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97130,"depth":86,"text":97131},{"id":97137,"depth":86,"text":97138},{"id":97148,"depth":86,"text":97149},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96023,"description":97209},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97216,"title":97217,"body":97218,"description":98387,"extension":2017,"meta":98388,"navigation":82,"path":98389,"seo":98390,"stem":98391,"__hash__":98392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97219,"toc":98354},[97220,97225,97231,97238,97283,97285,97296,97301,97306,97310,97324,97329,97331,97333,97348,97350,97364,97366,97368,97433,97435,97445,97447,97465,97471,97478,97483,97557,97559,97576,97582,97587,97658,97660,97687,97704,97707,97713,97715,97722,97726,97793,97795,97810,97813,97866,97868,97876,97888,97890,97894,97899,97901,97950,97952,97960,97962,98007,98009,98019,98025,98033,98046,98052,98054,98083,98085,98103,98107,98110,98141,98143,98161,98165,98240,98242,98258,98265,98267,98272,98277,98283,98286,98290,98298,98305,98313,98315,98351],[10,97221,96029,97223,11352],{"id":97222},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97224,11351],{},[20,97226,97227,97230],{},[15,97228,97229],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97232,97233,97234,97237],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3784,97235,97236],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[52,97239,97241],{"className":54,"code":97240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97242,97243,97263,97273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97244,97245,97247,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259,97261],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97246,3661],{"class":67},[61,97248,72],{"class":71},[61,97250,1305],{"class":93},[61,97252,3035],{"class":75},[61,97254,106],{"class":93},[61,97256,3040],{"class":75},[61,97258,106],{"class":93},[61,97260,1020],{"class":75},[61,97262,1324],{"class":93},[61,97264,97265,97267,97269,97271],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97266,3691],{"class":67},[61,97268,229],{"class":93},[61,97270,11413],{"class":102},[61,97272,8676],{"class":93},[61,97274,97275,97277,97279,97281],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,97276,90],{"class":89},[61,97278,94],{"class":93},[61,97280,3691],{"class":102},[61,97282,258],{"class":93},[20,97284,345],{},[52,97286,97288],{"className":54,"code":97287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n",[15,97289,97290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97291,97292,97294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97293,6326],{"class":109},[61,97295,8676],{"class":93},[20,97297,97298,97300],{},[15,97299,11351],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[47,97302,151,97304,154],{"id":97303},"what-setclear-does",[15,97305,97229],{},[20,97307,2034,97308,11443],{},[15,97309,11351],{},[164,97311,97312,97315,97317,97321],{},[167,97313,97314],{},"Removes every item from a set",[167,97316,96144],{},[167,97318,172,97319],{},[15,97320,3820],{},[167,97322,97323],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97325,96153,97326,71431],{},[221,97327,96157],{"href":97328},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[47,97330,233],{"id":232},[20,97332,54270],{},[52,97334,97336],{"className":54,"code":97335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97337,97338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97339,97340,97342,97344,97346],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97341,15694],{"class":67},[61,97343,229],{"class":93},[61,97345,11413],{"class":102},[61,97347,8676],{"class":93},[20,97349,13078],{},[164,97351,97352,97355,97358,97361],{},[167,97353,97354],{},"It takes no arguments",[167,97356,97357],{},"It empties the set",[167,97359,97360],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[167,97362,97363],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[47,97365,359],{"id":358},[20,97367,11506],{},[52,97369,97371],{"className":54,"code":97370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97372,97373,97405,97409,97419,97423],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97374,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395,97397,97399,97401,97403],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97376,13102],{"class":67},[61,97378,72],{"class":71},[61,97380,1305],{"class":93},[61,97382,1010],{"class":310},[61,97384,13119],{"class":314},[61,97386,1010],{"class":310},[61,97388,106],{"class":93},[61,97390,311],{"class":310},[61,97392,17482],{"class":314},[61,97394,1010],{"class":310},[61,97396,106],{"class":93},[61,97398,311],{"class":310},[61,97400,13136],{"class":314},[61,97402,1010],{"class":310},[61,97404,1324],{"class":93},[61,97406,97407],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97408,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97410,97411,97413,97415,97417],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,97412,17529],{"class":67},[61,97414,229],{"class":93},[61,97416,11413],{"class":102},[61,97418,8676],{"class":93},[61,97420,97421],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,97422,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97424,97425,97427,97429,97431],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,97426,90],{"class":89},[61,97428,94],{"class":93},[61,97430,17529],{"class":102},[61,97432,258],{"class":93},[20,97434,345],{},[52,97436,97437],{"className":54,"code":97287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,97438,97439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97440,97441,97443],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97442,6326],{"class":109},[61,97444,8676],{"class":93},[20,97446,11710],{},[164,97448,97449,97454,97459],{},[167,97450,97451,97453],{},[15,97452,17529],{}," starts with three values",[167,97455,97456,11723],{},[15,97457,97458],{},"colors.clear()",[167,97460,97461,97462,97464],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97463,3839],{},", which means an empty set",[47,97466,97468,97470],{"id":97467},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97469,11351],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97472,97473,749,97475,97477],{},[15,97474,11351],{},[15,97476,3839],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[260,97479,8449,97481],{"id":97480},"using-clear",[15,97482,11351],{},[52,97484,97486],{"className":54,"code":97485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97487,97488,97508,97518,97522,97532,97536,97546],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97489,97490,97492,97494,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504,97506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97491,7814],{"class":67},[61,97493,72],{"class":71},[61,97495,1305],{"class":93},[61,97497,3035],{"class":75},[61,97499,106],{"class":93},[61,97501,3040],{"class":75},[61,97503,106],{"class":93},[61,97505,1020],{"class":75},[61,97507,1324],{"class":93},[61,97509,97510,97513,97515],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97511,97512],{"class":67},"other_name ",[61,97514,72],{"class":71},[61,97516,97517],{"class":67}," items\n",[61,97519,97520],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,97521,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97523,97524,97526,97528,97530],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,97525,7845],{"class":67},[61,97527,229],{"class":93},[61,97529,11413],{"class":102},[61,97531,8676],{"class":93},[61,97533,97534],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,97535,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97537,97538,97540,97542,97544],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,97539,90],{"class":89},[61,97541,94],{"class":93},[61,97543,7845],{"class":102},[61,97545,258],{"class":93},[61,97547,97548,97550,97552,97555],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,97549,90],{"class":89},[61,97551,94],{"class":93},[61,97553,97554],{"class":102},"other_name",[61,97556,258],{"class":93},[20,97558,345],{},[52,97560,97562],{"className":54,"code":97561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97563,97564,97570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97565,97566,97568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97567,6326],{"class":109},[61,97569,8676],{"class":93},[61,97571,97572,97574],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97573,6326],{"class":109},[61,97575,8676],{"class":93},[20,97577,97578,97579,229],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3784,97580,97581],{},"same set object",[260,97583,8449,97585],{"id":97584},"using-set",[15,97586,3839],{},[52,97588,97590],{"className":54,"code":97589,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97591,97592,97612,97620,97624,97634,97638,97648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97593,97594,97596,97598,97600,97602,97604,97606,97608,97610],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97595,7814],{"class":67},[61,97597,72],{"class":71},[61,97599,1305],{"class":93},[61,97601,3035],{"class":75},[61,97603,106],{"class":93},[61,97605,3040],{"class":75},[61,97607,106],{"class":93},[61,97609,1020],{"class":75},[61,97611,1324],{"class":93},[61,97613,97614,97616,97618],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97615,97512],{"class":67},[61,97617,72],{"class":71},[61,97619,97517],{"class":67},[61,97621,97622],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,97623,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97625,97626,97628,97630,97632],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,97627,7814],{"class":67},[61,97629,72],{"class":71},[61,97631,15661],{"class":109},[61,97633,8676],{"class":93},[61,97635,97636],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,97637,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97639,97640,97642,97644,97646],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,97641,90],{"class":89},[61,97643,94],{"class":93},[61,97645,7845],{"class":102},[61,97647,258],{"class":93},[61,97649,97650,97652,97654,97656],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,97651,90],{"class":89},[61,97653,94],{"class":93},[61,97655,97554],{"class":102},[61,97657,258],{"class":93},[20,97659,345],{},[52,97661,97663],{"className":54,"code":97662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97664,97665,97671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97666,97667,97669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97668,6326],{"class":109},[61,97670,8676],{"class":93},[61,97672,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97674,9310],{"class":93},[61,97676,3035],{"class":75},[61,97678,106],{"class":93},[61,97680,3040],{"class":75},[61,97682,106],{"class":93},[61,97684,1020],{"class":75},[61,97686,1324],{"class":93},[20,97688,20798,97689,92921,97692,97695,97696,229,97698,97700,97701,97703],{},[15,97690,97691],{},"items = set()",[3784,97693,97694],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97697,7845],{},[9877,97699],{},"\nBut ",[15,97702,97554],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97705,97706],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97708,97709,97710,229],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[221,97711,96161],{"href":97712},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[47,97714,17445],{"id":17444},[20,97716,97717,14080,97719,97721],{},[15,97718,11351],{},[3784,97720,4670],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97723,1889,97724,229],{},[15,97725,3820],{},[52,97727,97729],{"className":54,"code":97728,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97730,97731,97751,97755,97769,97773,97783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97732,97733,97735,97737,97739,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97734,3661],{"class":67},[61,97736,72],{"class":71},[61,97738,1305],{"class":93},[61,97740,3035],{"class":75},[61,97742,106],{"class":93},[61,97744,3040],{"class":75},[61,97746,106],{"class":93},[61,97748,1020],{"class":75},[61,97750,1324],{"class":93},[61,97752,97753],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97754,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97756,97757,97759,97761,97763,97765,97767],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,97758,1593],{"class":67},[61,97760,72],{"class":71},[61,97762,4303],{"class":67},[61,97764,229],{"class":93},[61,97766,11413],{"class":102},[61,97768,8676],{"class":93},[61,97770,97771],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,97772,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97774,97775,97777,97779,97781],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,97776,90],{"class":89},[61,97778,94],{"class":93},[61,97780,1620],{"class":102},[61,97782,258],{"class":93},[61,97784,97785,97787,97789,97791],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,97786,90],{"class":89},[61,97788,94],{"class":93},[61,97790,3691],{"class":102},[61,97792,258],{"class":93},[20,97794,345],{},[52,97796,97798],{"className":54,"code":97797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\nset()\n",[15,97799,97800,97804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97801,97802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97803,11835],{"class":355},[61,97805,97806,97808],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97807,6326],{"class":109},[61,97809,8676],{"class":93},[20,97811,97812],{},"Do not do this:",[52,97814,97816],{"className":54,"code":97815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97817,97818,97838,97852,97856],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97819,97820,97822,97824,97826,97828,97830,97832,97834,97836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97821,3661],{"class":67},[61,97823,72],{"class":71},[61,97825,1305],{"class":93},[61,97827,3035],{"class":75},[61,97829,106],{"class":93},[61,97831,3040],{"class":75},[61,97833,106],{"class":93},[61,97835,1020],{"class":75},[61,97837,1324],{"class":93},[61,97839,97840,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97841,3661],{"class":67},[61,97843,72],{"class":71},[61,97845,4303],{"class":67},[61,97847,229],{"class":93},[61,97849,11413],{"class":102},[61,97851,8676],{"class":93},[61,97853,97854],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,97855,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,97857,97858,97860,97862,97864],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,97859,90],{"class":89},[61,97861,94],{"class":93},[61,97863,3691],{"class":102},[61,97865,258],{"class":93},[20,97867,345],{},[52,97869,97870],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,97871,97872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97873,97874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97875,11835],{"class":355},[20,97877,22217,97878,2446,97880,97882,97883,97885,97886,229],{},[15,97879,54383],{},[15,97881,3820],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97884,3820],{}," back to ",[15,97887,3691],{},[47,97889,1387],{"id":1386},[20,97891,10777,97892,229],{},[15,97893,97229],{},[260,97895,12621,97897],{"id":97896},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97898,11351],{},[20,97900,1400],{},[52,97902,97904],{"className":54,"code":97903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97905,97906,97926,97940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97907,97908,97910,97912,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922,97924],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97909,15656],{"class":67},[61,97911,72],{"class":71},[61,97913,1305],{"class":93},[61,97915,3035],{"class":75},[61,97917,106],{"class":93},[61,97919,3040],{"class":75},[61,97921,106],{"class":93},[61,97923,1020],{"class":75},[61,97925,1324],{"class":93},[61,97927,97928,97930,97932,97934,97936,97938],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97929,15656],{"class":67},[61,97931,72],{"class":71},[61,97933,96753],{"class":67},[61,97935,229],{"class":93},[61,97937,11413],{"class":102},[61,97939,8676],{"class":93},[61,97941,97942,97944,97946,97948],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,97943,90],{"class":89},[61,97945,94],{"class":93},[61,97947,15694],{"class":102},[61,97949,258],{"class":93},[20,97951,345],{},[52,97953,97954],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,97955,97956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97957,97958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97959,11835],{"class":355},[20,97961,1443],{},[52,97963,97965],{"className":54,"code":97964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97966,97967,97987,97997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97968,97969,97971,97973,97975,97977,97979,97981,97983,97985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97970,15656],{"class":67},[61,97972,72],{"class":71},[61,97974,1305],{"class":93},[61,97976,3035],{"class":75},[61,97978,106],{"class":93},[61,97980,3040],{"class":75},[61,97982,106],{"class":93},[61,97984,1020],{"class":75},[61,97986,1324],{"class":93},[61,97988,97989,97991,97993,97995],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,97990,15694],{"class":67},[61,97992,229],{"class":93},[61,97994,11413],{"class":102},[61,97996,8676],{"class":93},[61,97998,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,98000,90],{"class":89},[61,98002,94],{"class":93},[61,98004,15694],{"class":102},[61,98006,258],{"class":93},[20,98008,345],{},[52,98010,98011],{"className":54,"code":97287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98012,98013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98014,98015,98017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98016,6326],{"class":109},[61,98018,8676],{"class":93},[260,98020,8485,98022,98024],{"id":98021},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98023,11351],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98026,98027,98029,98030,98032],{},[15,98028,11351],{}," removes ",[3784,98031,3756],{}," items from the set.",[20,98034,98035,98036,31,98041,229],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[221,98037,98039],{"href":98038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98040,55352],{},[221,98042,98044],{"href":98043},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98045,12789],{},[260,98047,8449,98049,98051],{"id":98048},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98050,3834],{}," for an empty set",[20,98053,25719],{},[52,98055,98057],{"className":54,"code":98056,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98058,98059,98068],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98060,98061,98064,98066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98062,98063],{"class":67},"empty_value ",[61,98065,72],{"class":71},[61,98067,9869],{"class":93},[61,98069,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078,98081],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98071,90],{"class":89},[61,98073,94],{"class":93},[61,98075,657],{"class":109},[61,98077,94],{"class":93},[61,98079,98080],{"class":102},"empty_value",[61,98082,342],{"class":93},[20,98084,345],{},[52,98086,98087],{"className":54,"code":8842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98088,98089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98090,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98092,3337],{"class":71},[61,98094,3340],{"class":882},[61,98096,3343],{"class":310},[61,98098,199],{"class":314},[61,98100,3348],{"class":310},[61,98102,3351],{"class":71},[20,98104,98105,8822],{},[15,98106,3834],{},[20,98108,98109],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[52,98111,98113],{"className":54,"code":98112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98114,98115,98126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98116,98117,98120,98122,98124],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98118,98119],{"class":67},"empty_set ",[61,98121,72],{"class":71},[61,98123,15661],{"class":109},[61,98125,8676],{"class":93},[61,98127,98128,98130,98132,98134,98136,98139],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98129,90],{"class":89},[61,98131,94],{"class":93},[61,98133,657],{"class":109},[61,98135,94],{"class":93},[61,98137,98138],{"class":102},"empty_set",[61,98140,342],{"class":93},[20,98142,345],{},[52,98144,98145],{"className":54,"code":8885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98146,98147],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98148,98149,98151,98153,98155,98157,98159],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98150,3337],{"class":71},[61,98152,3340],{"class":882},[61,98154,3343],{"class":310},[61,98156,6326],{"class":314},[61,98158,3348],{"class":310},[61,98160,3351],{"class":71},[260,98162,98164],{"id":98163},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[52,98166,98168],{"className":54,"code":98167,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98169,98170,98194,98202,98206,98216,98220,98230],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98171,98172,98174,98176,98178,98180,98182,98184,98186,98188,98190,98192],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98173,2602],{"class":67},[61,98175,72],{"class":71},[61,98177,1305],{"class":93},[61,98179,1010],{"class":310},[61,98181,2228],{"class":314},[61,98183,1010],{"class":310},[61,98185,106],{"class":93},[61,98187,311],{"class":310},[61,98189,11772],{"class":314},[61,98191,1010],{"class":310},[61,98193,1324],{"class":93},[61,98195,98196,98198,98200],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98197,2630],{"class":67},[61,98199,72],{"class":71},[61,98201,36202],{"class":67},[61,98203,98204],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,98205,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,98207,98208,98210,98212,98214],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,98209,221],{"class":67},[61,98211,229],{"class":93},[61,98213,11413],{"class":102},[61,98215,8676],{"class":93},[61,98217,98218],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,98219,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,98221,98222,98224,98226,98228],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,98223,90],{"class":89},[61,98225,94],{"class":93},[61,98227,221],{"class":102},[61,98229,258],{"class":93},[61,98231,98232,98234,98236,98238],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,98233,90],{"class":89},[61,98235,94],{"class":93},[61,98237,1101],{"class":102},[61,98239,258],{"class":93},[20,98241,345],{},[52,98243,98244],{"className":54,"code":97561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98245,98246,98252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98247,98248,98250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98249,6326],{"class":109},[61,98251,8676],{"class":93},[61,98253,98254,98256],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98255,6326],{"class":109},[61,98257,8676],{"class":93},[20,98259,29088,98260,749,98262,98264],{},[15,98261,221],{},[15,98263,1101],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[47,98266,1879],{"id":1878},[260,98268,1883,98270,1886],{"id":98269},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98271,97229],{},[20,98273,1889,98274,98276],{},[15,98275,3820],{},". It empties the set in place.",[260,98278,1928,98280,98282],{"id":98279},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98281,11351],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98284,98285],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[260,98287,98289],{"id":98288},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98291,98292,98293,98295,98296,229],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98294,11351],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98297,3839],{},[260,98299,1911,98301,749,98303,1916],{"id":98300},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98302,11351],{},[15,98304,3839],{},[20,98306,98307,98309,98310,98312],{},[15,98308,11351],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98311,3839],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[47,98314,1938],{"id":1937},[164,98316,98317,98321,98325,98332,98338,98344],{},[167,98318,98319],{},[221,98320,96157],{"href":97328},[167,98322,98323],{},[221,98324,97167],{"href":97712},[167,98326,98327],{},[221,98328,96643,98330,10770],{"href":98329},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98331,96032],{},[167,98333,98334],{},[221,98335,96643,98336,10770],{"href":98038},[15,98337,55352],{},[167,98339,98340],{},[221,98341,96643,98342,10770],{"href":98043},[15,98343,12789],{},[167,98345,98346],{},[221,98347,96643,98349,10770],{"href":98348},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98350,14981],{},[1969,98352,98353],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":98355},[98356,98358,98359,98360,98367,98368,98377,98386],{"id":97303,"depth":79,"text":98357},"What set.clear() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":97467,"depth":79,"text":98361,"children":98362},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98363,98365],{"id":97480,"depth":86,"text":98364},"Using clear()",{"id":97584,"depth":86,"text":98366},"Using set()",{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":98369},[98370,98372,98374,98376],{"id":97896,"depth":86,"text":98371},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98021,"depth":86,"text":98373},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98048,"depth":86,"text":98375},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98163,"depth":86,"text":98164},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":98378},[98379,98381,98383,98384],{"id":98269,"depth":86,"text":98380},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98279,"depth":86,"text":98382},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98288,"depth":86,"text":98289},{"id":98300,"depth":86,"text":98385},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97217,"description":98387},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98394,"title":98395,"body":98396,"description":100228,"extension":2017,"meta":100229,"navigation":82,"path":96160,"seo":100230,"stem":100231,"__hash__":100232},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98397,"toc":100185},[98398,98401,98404,98407,98409,98512,98516,98563,98569,98571,98590,98594,98597,98599,98613,98622,98626,98629,98664,98668,98688,98691,98695,98698,98759,98763,98788,98795,98801,98806,98808,98820,98824,98873,98877,98901,98908,98912,98953,98957,98978,98982,99015,99019,99060,99063,99067,99072,99111,99115,99140,99145,99151,99188,99192,99215,99219,99221,99224,99227,99304,99308,99345,99348,99352,99358,99361,99371,99420,99426,99432,99459,99462,99484,99486,99517,99520,99524,99528,99567,99571,99634,99637,99670,99674,99699,99701,99704,99710,99713,99740,99743,99761,99765,99769,99772,99815,99818,99822,99825,99828,99858,99861,99865,99868,99883,99888,99892,99895,99984,99986,99989,100079,100082,100100,100102,100106,100116,100120,100128,100132,100135,100139,100142,100146,100149,100151,100179,100182],[10,98399,98395],{"id":98400},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98402,98403],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98405,98406],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[47,98408,50],{"id":49},[52,98410,98412],{"className":54,"code":98411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98413,98414,98434,98468,98478,98482,98492,98502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98415,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98417,3661],{"class":67},[61,98419,72],{"class":71},[61,98421,1305],{"class":93},[61,98423,3035],{"class":75},[61,98425,106],{"class":93},[61,98427,3040],{"class":75},[61,98429,106],{"class":93},[61,98431,1020],{"class":75},[61,98433,1324],{"class":93},[61,98435,98436,98438,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450,98452,98454,98456,98458,98460,98462,98464,98466],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98437,4109],{"class":67},[61,98439,72],{"class":71},[61,98441,15661],{"class":109},[61,98443,3032],{"class":93},[61,98445,1010],{"class":310},[61,98447,4118],{"class":314},[61,98449,1010],{"class":310},[61,98451,106],{"class":93},[61,98453,311],{"class":310},[61,98455,4127],{"class":314},[61,98457,1010],{"class":310},[61,98459,106],{"class":93},[61,98461,311],{"class":310},[61,98463,4118],{"class":314},[61,98465,1010],{"class":310},[61,98467,1365],{"class":93},[61,98469,98470,98472,98474,98476],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,98471,98119],{"class":67},[61,98473,72],{"class":71},[61,98475,15661],{"class":109},[61,98477,8676],{"class":93},[61,98479,98480],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,98481,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,98483,98484,98486,98488,98490],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,98485,90],{"class":89},[61,98487,94],{"class":93},[61,98489,3691],{"class":102},[61,98491,258],{"class":93},[61,98493,98494,98496,98498,98500],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,98495,90],{"class":89},[61,98497,94],{"class":93},[61,98499,4153],{"class":102},[61,98501,258],{"class":93},[61,98503,98504,98506,98508,98510],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,98505,90],{"class":89},[61,98507,94],{"class":93},[61,98509,98138],{"class":102},[61,98511,258],{"class":93},[20,98513,98514],{},[3784,98515,345],{},[52,98517,98519],{"className":54,"code":98518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98520,98521,98537,98557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98522,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98524,9310],{"class":93},[61,98526,3035],{"class":75},[61,98528,106],{"class":93},[61,98530,3040],{"class":75},[61,98532,106],{"class":93},[61,98534,1020],{"class":75},[61,98536,1324],{"class":93},[61,98538,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98540,9310],{"class":93},[61,98542,3348],{"class":310},[61,98544,4127],{"class":314},[61,98546,3348],{"class":310},[61,98548,106],{"class":93},[61,98550,3343],{"class":310},[61,98552,4118],{"class":314},[61,98554,3348],{"class":310},[61,98556,1324],{"class":93},[61,98558,98559,98561],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,98560,6326],{"class":109},[61,98562,8676],{"class":93},[20,98564,98565,98566,98568],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98567,3839],{}," for an empty set.",[47,98570,15190],{"id":15189},[164,98572,98573,98576,98581,98584,98587],{},[167,98574,98575],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[167,98577,98578,98579],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98580,3839],{},[167,98582,98583],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[167,98585,98586],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[167,98588,98589],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[47,98591,98593],{"id":98592},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98595,98596],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98598,30568],{},[164,98600,98601,98604,98607,98610],{},[167,98602,98603],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[167,98605,98606],{},"Sets are unordered",[167,98608,98609],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[167,98611,98612],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98614,98615,98616,31,98618,229],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[221,98617,96157],{"href":97328},[221,98619,98621],{"href":98620},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[47,98623,98625],{"id":98624},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98627,98628],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[52,98630,98632],{"className":54,"code":98631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98633,98634,98654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98635,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646,98648,98650,98652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98637,3661],{"class":67},[61,98639,72],{"class":71},[61,98641,1305],{"class":93},[61,98643,3035],{"class":75},[61,98645,106],{"class":93},[61,98647,3040],{"class":75},[61,98649,106],{"class":93},[61,98651,1020],{"class":75},[61,98653,1324],{"class":93},[61,98655,98656,98658,98660,98662],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98657,90],{"class":89},[61,98659,94],{"class":93},[61,98661,3691],{"class":102},[61,98663,258],{"class":93},[20,98665,98666],{},[3784,98667,30057],{},[52,98669,98670],{"className":54,"code":96436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98671,98672],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98673,98674,98676,98678,98680,98682,98684,98686],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98675,9310],{"class":93},[61,98677,3035],{"class":75},[61,98679,106],{"class":93},[61,98681,3040],{"class":75},[61,98683,106],{"class":93},[61,98685,1020],{"class":75},[61,98687,1324],{"class":93},[20,98689,98690],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[260,98692,98694],{"id":98693},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98696,98697],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[52,98699,98701],{"className":54,"code":98700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98702,98703,98735,98745],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98704,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98706,3661],{"class":67},[61,98708,72],{"class":71},[61,98710,1305],{"class":93},[61,98712,3035],{"class":75},[61,98714,106],{"class":93},[61,98716,3040],{"class":75},[61,98718,106],{"class":93},[61,98720,3040],{"class":75},[61,98722,106],{"class":93},[61,98724,1020],{"class":75},[61,98726,106],{"class":93},[61,98728,1020],{"class":75},[61,98730,106],{"class":93},[61,98732,1020],{"class":75},[61,98734,1324],{"class":93},[61,98736,98737,98739,98741,98743],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98738,90],{"class":89},[61,98740,94],{"class":93},[61,98742,3691],{"class":102},[61,98744,258],{"class":93},[61,98746,98747,98749,98751,98753,98755,98757],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,98748,90],{"class":89},[61,98750,94],{"class":93},[61,98752,11191],{"class":89},[61,98754,94],{"class":93},[61,98756,3691],{"class":102},[61,98758,342],{"class":93},[20,98760,98761],{},[3784,98762,30057],{},[52,98764,98766],{"className":54,"code":98765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98767,98768,98784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98769,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98771,9310],{"class":93},[61,98773,3035],{"class":75},[61,98775,106],{"class":93},[61,98777,3040],{"class":75},[61,98779,106],{"class":93},[61,98781,1020],{"class":75},[61,98783,1324],{"class":93},[61,98785,98786],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98787,46630],{"class":75},[20,98789,21005,98790,749,98792,98794],{},[15,98791,2113],{},[15,98793,1046],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[47,98796,98798,98799],{"id":98797},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98800,3839],{},[20,98802,143,98803,98805],{},[15,98804,3839],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98807,5494],{},[164,98809,98810,98812,98814,98816],{},[167,98811,96916],{},[167,98813,96212],{},[167,98815,56288],{},[167,98817,98818],{},[15,98819,36225],{},[260,98821,98823],{"id":98822},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[52,98825,98827],{"className":54,"code":98826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98828,98829,98863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98830,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98832,3661],{"class":67},[61,98834,72],{"class":71},[61,98836,15661],{"class":109},[61,98838,3032],{"class":93},[61,98840,3035],{"class":75},[61,98842,106],{"class":93},[61,98844,3040],{"class":75},[61,98846,106],{"class":93},[61,98848,3040],{"class":75},[61,98850,106],{"class":93},[61,98852,1020],{"class":75},[61,98854,106],{"class":93},[61,98856,1020],{"class":75},[61,98858,106],{"class":93},[61,98860,2505],{"class":75},[61,98862,1365],{"class":93},[61,98864,98865,98867,98869,98871],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98866,90],{"class":89},[61,98868,94],{"class":93},[61,98870,3691],{"class":102},[61,98872,258],{"class":93},[20,98874,98875],{},[3784,98876,30057],{},[52,98878,98879],{"className":54,"code":96099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,98880,98881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98882,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98884,9310],{"class":93},[61,98886,3035],{"class":75},[61,98888,106],{"class":93},[61,98890,3040],{"class":75},[61,98892,106],{"class":93},[61,98894,1020],{"class":75},[61,98896,106],{"class":93},[61,98898,2505],{"class":75},[61,98900,1324],{"class":93},[20,98902,98903,98904,229],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[221,98905,98907],{"href":98906},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[260,98909,98911],{"id":98910},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[52,98913,98915],{"className":54,"code":98914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98916,98917,98943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98918,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98920,3865],{"class":67},[61,98922,72],{"class":71},[61,98924,15661],{"class":109},[61,98926,5548],{"class":93},[61,98928,2379],{"class":75},[61,98930,106],{"class":93},[61,98932,7825],{"class":75},[61,98934,106],{"class":93},[61,98936,7825],{"class":75},[61,98938,106],{"class":93},[61,98940,7830],{"class":75},[61,98942,342],{"class":93},[61,98944,98945,98947,98949,98951],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,98946,90],{"class":89},[61,98948,94],{"class":93},[61,98950,5396],{"class":102},[61,98952,258],{"class":93},[20,98954,98955],{},[3784,98956,30057],{},[52,98958,98960],{"className":54,"code":98959,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98961,98962],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98963,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98965,9310],{"class":93},[61,98967,2379],{"class":75},[61,98969,106],{"class":93},[61,98971,7825],{"class":75},[61,98973,106],{"class":93},[61,98975,7830],{"class":75},[61,98977,1324],{"class":93},[260,98979,98981],{"id":98980},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[52,98983,98985],{"className":54,"code":98984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98986,98987,99005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98988,98989,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001,99003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98990,36117],{"class":67},[61,98992,72],{"class":71},[61,98994,15661],{"class":109},[61,98996,94],{"class":93},[61,98998,1010],{"class":310},[61,99000,457],{"class":314},[61,99002,1010],{"class":310},[61,99004,258],{"class":93},[61,99006,99007,99009,99011,99013],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99008,90],{"class":89},[61,99010,94],{"class":93},[61,99012,36170],{"class":102},[61,99014,258],{"class":93},[20,99016,99017],{},[3784,99018,30057],{},[52,99020,99022],{"className":54,"code":99021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99023,99024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99025,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99027,9310],{"class":93},[61,99029,3348],{"class":310},[61,99031,60263],{"class":314},[61,99033,3348],{"class":310},[61,99035,106],{"class":93},[61,99037,3343],{"class":310},[61,99039,60272],{"class":314},[61,99041,3348],{"class":310},[61,99043,106],{"class":93},[61,99045,3343],{"class":310},[61,99047,60281],{"class":314},[61,99049,3348],{"class":310},[61,99051,106],{"class":93},[61,99053,3343],{"class":310},[61,99055,60298],{"class":314},[61,99057,3348],{"class":310},[61,99059,1324],{"class":93},[20,99061,99062],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[47,99064,99066],{"id":99065},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99068,99069,99070,229],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99071,3839],{},[52,99073,99075],{"className":54,"code":99074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99076,99077,99087,99097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99078,99079,99081,99083,99085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99080,98119],{"class":67},[61,99082,72],{"class":71},[61,99084,15661],{"class":109},[61,99086,8676],{"class":93},[61,99088,99089,99091,99093,99095],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99090,90],{"class":89},[61,99092,94],{"class":93},[61,99094,98138],{"class":102},[61,99096,258],{"class":93},[61,99098,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,99100,90],{"class":89},[61,99102,94],{"class":93},[61,99104,657],{"class":109},[61,99106,94],{"class":93},[61,99108,98138],{"class":102},[61,99110,342],{"class":93},[20,99112,99113],{},[3784,99114,345],{},[52,99116,99118],{"className":54,"code":99117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99119,99120,99126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99121,99122,99124],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99123,6326],{"class":109},[61,99125,8676],{"class":93},[61,99127,99128,99130,99132,99134,99136,99138],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99129,3337],{"class":71},[61,99131,3340],{"class":882},[61,99133,3343],{"class":310},[61,99135,6326],{"class":314},[61,99137,3348],{"class":310},[61,99139,3351],{"class":71},[260,99141,44449,99143],{"id":99142},"do-not-use",[15,99144,3834],{},[20,99146,99147,99148,99150],{},"Empty braces do ",[3784,99149,4670],{}," create a set.",[52,99152,99154],{"className":54,"code":99153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99155,99156,99164,99174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99157,99158,99160,99162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99159,98063],{"class":67},[61,99161,72],{"class":71},[61,99163,9869],{"class":93},[61,99165,99166,99168,99170,99172],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99167,90],{"class":89},[61,99169,94],{"class":93},[61,99171,98080],{"class":102},[61,99173,258],{"class":93},[61,99175,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,99177,90],{"class":89},[61,99179,94],{"class":93},[61,99181,657],{"class":109},[61,99183,94],{"class":93},[61,99185,98080],{"class":102},[61,99187,342],{"class":93},[20,99189,99190],{},[3784,99191,345],{},[52,99193,99195],{"className":54,"code":99194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99196,99197,99201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99198,99199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99200,9466],{"class":93},[61,99202,99203,99205,99207,99209,99211,99213],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99204,3337],{"class":71},[61,99206,3340],{"class":882},[61,99208,3343],{"class":310},[61,99210,199],{"class":314},[61,99212,3348],{"class":310},[61,99214,3351],{"class":71},[20,99216,99217,8822],{},[15,99218,3834],{},[47,99220,72095],{"id":72094},[20,99222,99223],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99225,99226],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[52,99228,99230],{"className":54,"code":99229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99231,99232,99280,99290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99233,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99235,4109],{"class":67},[61,99237,72],{"class":71},[61,99239,1305],{"class":93},[61,99241,1010],{"class":310},[61,99243,4118],{"class":314},[61,99245,1010],{"class":310},[61,99247,106],{"class":93},[61,99249,311],{"class":310},[61,99251,4127],{"class":314},[61,99253,1010],{"class":310},[61,99255,106],{"class":93},[61,99257,311],{"class":310},[61,99259,4118],{"class":314},[61,99261,1010],{"class":310},[61,99263,106],{"class":93},[61,99265,311],{"class":310},[61,99267,4118],{"class":314},[61,99269,1010],{"class":310},[61,99271,106],{"class":93},[61,99273,311],{"class":310},[61,99275,33250],{"class":314},[61,99277,1010],{"class":310},[61,99279,1324],{"class":93},[61,99281,99282,99284,99286,99288],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99283,90],{"class":89},[61,99285,94],{"class":93},[61,99287,4153],{"class":102},[61,99289,258],{"class":93},[61,99291,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,99293,90],{"class":89},[61,99295,94],{"class":93},[61,99297,11191],{"class":89},[61,99299,94],{"class":93},[61,99301,4153],{"class":102},[61,99303,342],{"class":93},[20,99305,99306],{},[3784,99307,30057],{},[52,99309,99311],{"className":54,"code":99310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99312,99313,99341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99314,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99316,9310],{"class":93},[61,99318,3348],{"class":310},[61,99320,4127],{"class":314},[61,99322,3348],{"class":310},[61,99324,106],{"class":93},[61,99326,3343],{"class":310},[61,99328,33250],{"class":314},[61,99330,3348],{"class":310},[61,99332,106],{"class":93},[61,99334,3343],{"class":310},[61,99336,4118],{"class":314},[61,99338,3348],{"class":310},[61,99340,1324],{"class":93},[61,99342,99343],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99344,46630],{"class":75},[20,99346,99347],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[47,99349,99351],{"id":99350},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99353,99354,99355,99357],{},"Set items must be ",[3784,99356,96200],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99359,99360],{},"These usually work:",[164,99362,99363,99365,99367,99369],{},[167,99364,56285],{},[167,99366,56288],{},[167,99368,96212],{},[167,99370,40621],{},[52,99372,99374],{"className":54,"code":99373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99375,99376,99410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99377,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99379,3865],{"class":67},[61,99381,72],{"class":71},[61,99383,1305],{"class":93},[61,99385,3035],{"class":75},[61,99387,106],{"class":93},[61,99389,311],{"class":310},[61,99391,4118],{"class":314},[61,99393,1010],{"class":310},[61,99395,106],{"class":93},[61,99397,572],{"class":93},[61,99399,2379],{"class":75},[61,99401,106],{"class":93},[61,99403,7825],{"class":75},[61,99405,9266],{"class":93},[61,99407,3956],{"class":355},[61,99409,1324],{"class":93},[61,99411,99412,99414,99416,99418],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99413,90],{"class":89},[61,99415,94],{"class":93},[61,99417,5396],{"class":102},[61,99419,258],{"class":93},[20,99421,99422,99423,99425],{},"These do ",[3784,99424,4670],{}," work directly:",[164,99427,99428,99430],{},[167,99429,96916],{},[167,99431,96919],{},[52,99433,99435],{"className":54,"code":99434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99436,99437],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99438,99439,99442,99444,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99440,99441],{"class":67},"bad_set ",[61,99443,72],{"class":71},[61,99445,99446],{"class":93}," {[",[61,99448,3035],{"class":75},[61,99450,106],{"class":93},[61,99452,3040],{"class":75},[61,99454,106],{"class":93},[61,99456,1020],{"class":75},[61,99458,13732],{"class":93},[20,99460,99461],{},"This raises an error:",[52,99463,99464],{"className":54,"code":96975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,99465,99466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99467,99468,99470,99472,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99469,1382],{"class":109},[61,99471,1314],{"class":93},[61,99473,96986],{"class":67},[61,99475,657],{"class":109},[61,99477,1314],{"class":93},[61,99479,3343],{"class":310},[61,99481,192],{"class":314},[61,99483,29727],{"class":310},[20,99485,51902],{},[52,99487,99489],{"className":54,"code":99488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99490,99491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99492,99493,99495,99497,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510,99512,99514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99494,99441],{"class":67},[61,99496,72],{"class":71},[61,99498,99499],{"class":93}," {{",[61,99501,1010],{"class":310},[61,99503,335],{"class":314},[61,99505,1010],{"class":310},[61,99507,1314],{"class":93},[61,99509,311],{"class":310},[61,99511,7711],{"class":314},[61,99513,1010],{"class":310},[61,99515,99516],{"class":93},"}}\n",[20,99518,99519],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[47,99521,99523],{"id":99522},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[260,99525,99527],{"id":99526},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[52,99529,99531],{"className":54,"code":99530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99532,99533,99557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99534,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99536,3661],{"class":67},[61,99538,72],{"class":71},[61,99540,1305],{"class":93},[61,99542,3035],{"class":75},[61,99544,106],{"class":93},[61,99546,3040],{"class":75},[61,99548,106],{"class":93},[61,99550,1020],{"class":75},[61,99552,106],{"class":93},[61,99554,2505],{"class":75},[61,99556,1324],{"class":93},[61,99558,99559,99561,99563,99565],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99560,90],{"class":89},[61,99562,94],{"class":93},[61,99564,3691],{"class":102},[61,99566,258],{"class":93},[260,99568,99570],{"id":99569},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[52,99572,99574],{"className":54,"code":99573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99575,99576,99604,99619,99623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99577,99578,99580,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99579,7814],{"class":67},[61,99581,72],{"class":71},[61,99583,1088],{"class":93},[61,99585,3035],{"class":75},[61,99587,106],{"class":93},[61,99589,5535],{"class":75},[61,99591,106],{"class":93},[61,99593,3040],{"class":75},[61,99595,106],{"class":93},[61,99597,1020],{"class":75},[61,99599,106],{"class":93},[61,99601,1020],{"class":75},[61,99603,1115],{"class":93},[61,99605,99606,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99607,99608],{"class":67},"unique_items ",[61,99610,72],{"class":71},[61,99612,15661],{"class":109},[61,99614,94],{"class":93},[61,99616,7845],{"class":102},[61,99618,258],{"class":93},[61,99620,99621],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,99622,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,99624,99625,99627,99629,99632],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,99626,90],{"class":89},[61,99628,94],{"class":93},[61,99630,99631],{"class":102},"unique_items",[61,99633,258],{"class":93},[260,99635,98981],{"id":99636},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[52,99638,99640],{"className":54,"code":99639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99641,99642,99660],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99643,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99645,36117],{"class":67},[61,99647,72],{"class":71},[61,99649,15661],{"class":109},[61,99651,94],{"class":93},[61,99653,1010],{"class":310},[61,99655,4127],{"class":314},[61,99657,1010],{"class":310},[61,99659,258],{"class":93},[61,99661,99662,99664,99666,99668],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99663,90],{"class":89},[61,99665,94],{"class":93},[61,99667,36170],{"class":102},[61,99669,258],{"class":93},[260,99671,99673],{"id":99672},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[52,99675,99677],{"className":54,"code":99676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99678,99679,99689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99680,99681,99683,99685,99687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99682,98119],{"class":67},[61,99684,72],{"class":71},[61,99686,15661],{"class":109},[61,99688,8676],{"class":93},[61,99690,99691,99693,99695,99697],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99692,90],{"class":89},[61,99694,94],{"class":93},[61,99696,98138],{"class":102},[61,99698,258],{"class":93},[47,99700,2878],{"id":2877},[20,99702,99703],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[260,99705,8449,99707,99709],{"id":99706},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99708,3834],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99711,99712],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[52,99714,99716],{"className":54,"code":99715,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99717,99718,99726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99719,99720,99722,99724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99721,68],{"class":67},[61,99723,72],{"class":71},[61,99725,9869],{"class":93},[61,99727,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99729,90],{"class":89},[61,99731,94],{"class":93},[61,99733,657],{"class":109},[61,99735,94],{"class":93},[61,99737,103],{"class":102},[61,99739,342],{"class":93},[20,99741,99742],{},"This prints:",[52,99744,99745],{"className":54,"code":8842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,99746,99747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99748,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99750,3337],{"class":71},[61,99752,3340],{"class":882},[61,99754,3343],{"class":310},[61,99756,199],{"class":314},[61,99758,3348],{"class":310},[61,99760,3351],{"class":71},[20,99762,143,99763,1649],{},[15,99764,3839],{},[260,99766,99768],{"id":99767},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99770,99771],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[52,99773,99775],{"className":54,"code":99774,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99776,99777,99805],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99778,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99780,3661],{"class":67},[61,99782,72],{"class":71},[61,99784,1305],{"class":93},[61,99786,3035],{"class":75},[61,99788,106],{"class":93},[61,99790,5535],{"class":75},[61,99792,106],{"class":93},[61,99794,3040],{"class":75},[61,99796,106],{"class":93},[61,99798,3040],{"class":75},[61,99800,106],{"class":93},[61,99802,1020],{"class":75},[61,99804,1324],{"class":93},[61,99806,99807,99809,99811,99813],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99808,90],{"class":89},[61,99810,94],{"class":93},[61,99812,3691],{"class":102},[61,99814,258],{"class":93},[20,99816,99817],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[260,99819,99821],{"id":99820},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99823,99824],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99826,99827],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[52,99829,99831],{"className":54,"code":99830,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99832,99833,99853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99834,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99836,3661],{"class":67},[61,99838,72],{"class":71},[61,99840,1305],{"class":93},[61,99842,2379],{"class":75},[61,99844,106],{"class":93},[61,99846,7825],{"class":75},[61,99848,106],{"class":93},[61,99850,7830],{"class":75},[61,99852,1324],{"class":93},[61,99854,99855],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99856,99857],{"class":116},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99859,99860],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[260,99862,99864],{"id":99863},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99866,99867],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[52,99869,99871],{"className":54,"code":99870,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99872,99873,99878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99874,99875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99876,99877],{"class":116},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[61,99879,99880],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99881,99882],{"class":116},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99884,99885,99886,229],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99887,1382],{},[260,99889,99891],{"id":99890},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99893,99894],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[52,99896,99898],{"className":54,"code":99897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99899,99900,99920,99952,99956,99970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99901,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914,99916,99918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99903,15656],{"class":67},[61,99905,72],{"class":71},[61,99907,1305],{"class":93},[61,99909,3035],{"class":75},[61,99911,106],{"class":93},[61,99913,3040],{"class":75},[61,99915,106],{"class":93},[61,99917,1020],{"class":75},[61,99919,1324],{"class":93},[61,99921,99922,99924,99926,99928,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,99923,11751],{"class":67},[61,99925,72],{"class":71},[61,99927,1305],{"class":93},[61,99929,1010],{"class":310},[61,99931,221],{"class":314},[61,99933,1010],{"class":310},[61,99935,1314],{"class":93},[61,99937,5535],{"class":75},[61,99939,106],{"class":93},[61,99941,311],{"class":310},[61,99943,1101],{"class":314},[61,99945,1010],{"class":310},[61,99947,1314],{"class":93},[61,99949,3040],{"class":75},[61,99951,1324],{"class":93},[61,99953,99954],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,99955,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,99957,99958,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,99959,90],{"class":89},[61,99961,94],{"class":93},[61,99963,657],{"class":109},[61,99965,94],{"class":93},[61,99967,15694],{"class":102},[61,99969,342],{"class":93},[61,99971,99972,99974,99976,99978,99980,99982],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,99973,90],{"class":89},[61,99975,94],{"class":93},[61,99977,657],{"class":109},[61,99979,94],{"class":93},[61,99981,11479],{"class":102},[61,99983,342],{"class":93},[47,99985,92612],{"id":92611},[20,99987,99988],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[52,99990,99992],{"className":54,"code":99991,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99993,99994,100020,100024,100038,100048,100062,100069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99995,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99997,15656],{"class":67},[61,99999,72],{"class":71},[61,100001,15661],{"class":109},[61,100003,3032],{"class":93},[61,100005,3035],{"class":75},[61,100007,106],{"class":93},[61,100009,3040],{"class":75},[61,100011,106],{"class":93},[61,100013,3040],{"class":75},[61,100015,106],{"class":93},[61,100017,1020],{"class":75},[61,100019,1365],{"class":93},[61,100021,100022],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,100023,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,100025,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,100027,90],{"class":89},[61,100029,94],{"class":93},[61,100031,657],{"class":109},[61,100033,94],{"class":93},[61,100035,15694],{"class":102},[61,100037,342],{"class":93},[61,100039,100040,100042,100044,100046],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,100041,90],{"class":89},[61,100043,94],{"class":93},[61,100045,15694],{"class":102},[61,100047,258],{"class":93},[61,100049,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,100051,90],{"class":89},[61,100053,94],{"class":93},[61,100055,11191],{"class":89},[61,100057,94],{"class":93},[61,100059,15694],{"class":102},[61,100061,342],{"class":93},[61,100063,100064,100066],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,100065,90],{"class":89},[61,100067,100068],{"class":93},"({})\n",[61,100070,100071,100073,100075,100077],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,100072,90],{"class":89},[61,100074,94],{"class":93},[61,100076,6326],{"class":109},[61,100078,7228],{"class":93},[20,100080,100081],{},"Use these to confirm:",[164,100083,100084,100087,100090,100093],{},[167,100085,100086],{},"The object type",[167,100088,100089],{},"The actual values stored",[167,100091,100092],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[167,100094,100095,100096,749,100098],{},"The difference between ",[15,100097,3834],{},[15,100099,3839],{},[47,100101,1879],{"id":1878},[260,100103,100105],{"id":100104},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100107,100108,100109,100112,100113,100115],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100110,100111],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100114,3839],{}," with another iterable.",[260,100117,100119],{"id":100118},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100121,143,100122,100124,100125,100127],{},[15,100123,3839],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100126,3834],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[260,100129,100131],{"id":100130},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100133,100134],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[260,100136,100138],{"id":100137},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100140,100141],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[260,100143,100145],{"id":100144},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100147,100148],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[47,100150,1938],{"id":1937},[164,100152,100153,100157,100163,100169,100174],{},[167,100154,100155],{},[221,100156,96157],{"href":97328},[167,100158,100159],{},[221,100160,13,100161,10770],{"href":98329},[15,100162,96037],{},[167,100164,100165],{},[221,100166,13,100167,10770],{"href":98348},[15,100168,97143],{},[167,100170,100171],{},[221,100172,100173],{"href":98906},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[167,100175,100176],{},[221,100177,100178],{"href":98620},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100180,100181],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1969,100183,100184],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":100186},[100187,100188,100189,100190,100193,100199,100203,100204,100205,100211,100219,100220,100227],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":15189,"depth":79,"text":15190},{"id":98592,"depth":79,"text":98593},{"id":98624,"depth":79,"text":98625,"children":100191},[100192],{"id":98693,"depth":86,"text":98694},{"id":98797,"depth":79,"text":100194,"children":100195},"Create a set with set()",[100196,100197,100198],{"id":98822,"depth":86,"text":98823},{"id":98910,"depth":86,"text":98911},{"id":98980,"depth":86,"text":98981},{"id":99065,"depth":79,"text":99066,"children":100200},[100201],{"id":99142,"depth":86,"text":100202},"Do not use {}",{"id":72094,"depth":79,"text":72095},{"id":99350,"depth":79,"text":99351},{"id":99522,"depth":79,"text":99523,"children":100206},[100207,100208,100209,100210],{"id":99526,"depth":86,"text":99527},{"id":99569,"depth":86,"text":99570},{"id":99636,"depth":86,"text":98981},{"id":99672,"depth":86,"text":99673},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":100212},[100213,100215,100216,100217,100218],{"id":99706,"depth":86,"text":100214},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99767,"depth":86,"text":99768},{"id":99820,"depth":86,"text":99821},{"id":99863,"depth":86,"text":99864},{"id":99890,"depth":86,"text":99891},{"id":92611,"depth":79,"text":92612},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":100221},[100222,100223,100224,100225,100226],{"id":100104,"depth":86,"text":100105},{"id":100118,"depth":86,"text":100119},{"id":100130,"depth":86,"text":100131},{"id":100137,"depth":86,"text":100138},{"id":100144,"depth":86,"text":100145},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98395,"description":100228},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100234,"title":100235,"body":100236,"description":102667,"extension":2017,"meta":102668,"navigation":82,"path":102669,"seo":102670,"stem":102671,"__hash__":102672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100237,"toc":102632},[100238,100244,100250,100253,100255,100332,100334,100351,100361,100363,100368,100376,100378,100394,100398,100400,100402,100405,100426,100429,100453,100459,100461,100558,100560,100577,100587,100589,100591,100599,100601,100612,100614,100705,100707,100731,100742,100744,100746,100749,100879,100881,100954,100956,100977,100980,100982,100988,100993,100996,101123,101125,101142,101145,101147,101155,101158,101162,101170,101261,101263,101300,101305,101312,101389,101391,101407,101412,101417,101419,101428,101436,101517,101519,101548,101551,101555,101566,101569,101652,101654,101675,101681,101683,101685,101689,101693,101700,101765,101767,101787,101790,101859,101861,101877,101881,101887,101899,101907,101909,101994,101996,102025,102028,102032,102037,102039,102089,102092,102173,102175,102191,102195,102198,102273,102276,102280,102283,102360,102362,102395,102401,102405,102408,102543,102545,102559,102561,102563,102569,102572,102579,102587,102593,102596,102600,102603,102605,102607,102629],[10,100239,96029,100241,11352],{"id":100240},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100242,100243],{},"difference()",[20,100245,100246,100249],{},[15,100247,100248],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100251,100252],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[47,100254,50],{"id":49},[52,100256,100258],{"className":54,"code":100257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100259,100260,100284,100304,100322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100261,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280,100282],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100263,2602],{"class":67},[61,100265,72],{"class":71},[61,100267,1305],{"class":93},[61,100269,3035],{"class":75},[61,100271,106],{"class":93},[61,100273,3040],{"class":75},[61,100275,106],{"class":93},[61,100277,1020],{"class":75},[61,100279,106],{"class":93},[61,100281,2505],{"class":75},[61,100283,1324],{"class":93},[61,100285,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,100287,2630],{"class":67},[61,100289,72],{"class":71},[61,100291,1305],{"class":93},[61,100293,1046],{"class":75},[61,100295,106],{"class":93},[61,100297,2505],{"class":75},[61,100299,106],{"class":93},[61,100301,4644],{"class":75},[61,100303,1324],{"class":93},[61,100305,100306,100308,100310,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,100307,1593],{"class":67},[61,100309,72],{"class":71},[61,100311,56711],{"class":67},[61,100313,229],{"class":93},[61,100315,2859],{"class":102},[61,100317,94],{"class":93},[61,100319,1101],{"class":102},[61,100321,258],{"class":93},[61,100323,100324,100326,100328,100330],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,100325,90],{"class":89},[61,100327,94],{"class":93},[61,100329,1620],{"class":102},[61,100331,258],{"class":93},[20,100333,345],{},[52,100335,100337],{"className":54,"code":100336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100338,100339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100340,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100342,9310],{"class":93},[61,100344,3035],{"class":75},[61,100346,106],{"class":93},[61,100348,3040],{"class":75},[61,100350,1324],{"class":93},[20,100352,100353,100355,100356,100358,100359,229],{},[15,100354,100243],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100357,221],{}," that are not in ",[15,100360,1101],{},[44933,100362],{},[47,100364,151,100366,154],{"id":100365},"what-difference-does",[15,100367,100243],{},[20,100369,2034,100370,100372,100373,100375],{},[15,100371,100243],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3784,100374,4670],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100377,13078],{},[164,100379,100380,100385,100388,100391],{},[167,100381,100382,100384],{},[15,100383,100243],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[167,100386,100387],{},"It creates a new set",[167,100389,100390],{},"It does not change the original set",[167,100392,100393],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100395,96153,100396,229],{},[221,100397,96157],{"href":97328},[44933,100399],{},[47,100401,233],{"id":232},[20,100403,100404],{},"Use this form:",[52,100406,100408],{"className":54,"code":100407,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100409,100410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100411,100412,100415,100417,100419,100421,100424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100413,100414],{"class":67},"set1",[61,100416,229],{"class":93},[61,100418,2859],{"class":102},[61,100420,94],{"class":93},[61,100422,100423],{"class":102},"set2",[61,100425,258],{"class":93},[20,100427,100428],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[52,100430,100432],{"className":54,"code":100431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100433,100434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100435,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448,100451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100437,100414],{"class":67},[61,100439,229],{"class":93},[61,100441,2859],{"class":102},[61,100443,94],{"class":93},[61,100445,100423],{"class":102},[61,100447,106],{"class":93},[61,100449,100450],{"class":102}," set3",[61,100452,258],{"class":93},[20,100454,100455,100456,100458],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3784,100457,5391],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100460,295],{},[52,100462,100464],{"className":54,"code":100463,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100465,100466,100494,100510,100522,100526,100548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100467,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486,100488,100490,100492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100469,2602],{"class":67},[61,100471,72],{"class":71},[61,100473,1305],{"class":93},[61,100475,3035],{"class":75},[61,100477,106],{"class":93},[61,100479,3040],{"class":75},[61,100481,106],{"class":93},[61,100483,1020],{"class":75},[61,100485,106],{"class":93},[61,100487,2505],{"class":75},[61,100489,106],{"class":93},[61,100491,4644],{"class":75},[61,100493,1324],{"class":93},[61,100495,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,100497,2630],{"class":67},[61,100499,72],{"class":71},[61,100501,1305],{"class":93},[61,100503,2113],{"class":75},[61,100505,106],{"class":93},[61,100507,1020],{"class":75},[61,100509,1324],{"class":93},[61,100511,100512,100514,100516,100518,100520],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,100513,83012],{"class":67},[61,100515,72],{"class":71},[61,100517,1305],{"class":93},[61,100519,2192],{"class":75},[61,100521,1324],{"class":93},[61,100523,100524],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,100525,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,100527,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544,100546],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,100529,1593],{"class":67},[61,100531,72],{"class":71},[61,100533,56711],{"class":67},[61,100535,229],{"class":93},[61,100537,2859],{"class":102},[61,100539,94],{"class":93},[61,100541,1101],{"class":102},[61,100543,106],{"class":93},[61,100545,9713],{"class":102},[61,100547,258],{"class":93},[61,100549,100550,100552,100554,100556],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,100551,90],{"class":89},[61,100553,94],{"class":93},[61,100555,1620],{"class":102},[61,100557,258],{"class":93},[20,100559,345],{},[52,100561,100563],{"className":54,"code":100562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100564,100565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100566,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100568,9310],{"class":93},[61,100570,3035],{"class":75},[61,100572,106],{"class":93},[61,100574,2505],{"class":75},[61,100576,1324],{"class":93},[20,100578,100579,100580,100582,100583,31,100585,229],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100581,221],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100584,1101],{},[15,100586,1110],{},[44933,100588],{},[47,100590,17445],{"id":17444},[20,100592,100593,100595,100596,229],{},[15,100594,100243],{}," always returns a ",[3784,100597,100598],{},"new set",[20,100600,43673],{},[164,100602,100603,100606,100609],{},[167,100604,100605],{},"The return value is a new set",[167,100607,100608],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[167,100610,100611],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100613,295],{},[52,100615,100617],{"className":54,"code":100616,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100618,100619,100635,100655,100659,100677,100681,100691],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100620,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100622,2602],{"class":67},[61,100624,72],{"class":71},[61,100626,1305],{"class":93},[61,100628,3035],{"class":75},[61,100630,106],{"class":93},[61,100632,3040],{"class":75},[61,100634,1324],{"class":93},[61,100636,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,100638,2630],{"class":67},[61,100640,72],{"class":71},[61,100642,1305],{"class":93},[61,100644,3035],{"class":75},[61,100646,106],{"class":93},[61,100648,3040],{"class":75},[61,100650,106],{"class":93},[61,100652,1020],{"class":75},[61,100654,1324],{"class":93},[61,100656,100657],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,100658,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,100660,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,100662,1593],{"class":67},[61,100664,72],{"class":71},[61,100666,56711],{"class":67},[61,100668,229],{"class":93},[61,100670,2859],{"class":102},[61,100672,94],{"class":93},[61,100674,1101],{"class":102},[61,100676,258],{"class":93},[61,100678,100679],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,100680,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,100682,100683,100685,100687,100689],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,100684,90],{"class":89},[61,100686,94],{"class":93},[61,100688,1620],{"class":102},[61,100690,258],{"class":93},[61,100692,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,100694,90],{"class":89},[61,100696,94],{"class":93},[61,100698,657],{"class":109},[61,100700,94],{"class":93},[61,100702,1620],{"class":102},[61,100704,342],{"class":93},[20,100706,345],{},[52,100708,100709],{"className":54,"code":99117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,100710,100711,100717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100712,100713,100715],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100714,6326],{"class":109},[61,100716,8676],{"class":93},[61,100718,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,100720,3337],{"class":71},[61,100722,3340],{"class":882},[61,100724,3343],{"class":310},[61,100726,6326],{"class":314},[61,100728,3348],{"class":310},[61,100730,3351],{"class":71},[20,100732,100733,100734,18990,100736,100738,100739,100741],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100735,3839],{},[15,100737,3834],{},". In Python, ",[15,100740,3834],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44933,100743],{},[47,100745,359],{"id":358},[20,100747,100748],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[52,100750,100752],{"className":54,"code":100751,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100753,100754,100787,100820,100824,100844,100848,100858,100869],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100755,100756,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100757,100758],{"class":67},"fruits_a ",[61,100760,72],{"class":71},[61,100762,1305],{"class":93},[61,100764,1010],{"class":310},[61,100766,4118],{"class":314},[61,100768,1010],{"class":310},[61,100770,106],{"class":93},[61,100772,311],{"class":310},[61,100774,4127],{"class":314},[61,100776,1010],{"class":310},[61,100778,106],{"class":93},[61,100780,311],{"class":310},[61,100782,33250],{"class":314},[61,100784,1010],{"class":310},[61,100786,1324],{"class":93},[61,100788,100789,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802,100804,100806,100808,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,100790,100791],{"class":67},"fruits_b ",[61,100793,72],{"class":71},[61,100795,1305],{"class":93},[61,100797,1010],{"class":310},[61,100799,4127],{"class":314},[61,100801,1010],{"class":310},[61,100803,106],{"class":93},[61,100805,311],{"class":310},[61,100807,33250],{"class":314},[61,100809,1010],{"class":310},[61,100811,106],{"class":93},[61,100813,311],{"class":310},[61,100815,22561],{"class":314},[61,100817,1010],{"class":310},[61,100819,1324],{"class":93},[61,100821,100822],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,100823,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,100825,100826,100828,100830,100833,100835,100837,100839,100842],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,100827,1593],{"class":67},[61,100829,72],{"class":71},[61,100831,100832],{"class":67}," fruits_a",[61,100834,229],{"class":93},[61,100836,2859],{"class":102},[61,100838,94],{"class":93},[61,100840,100841],{"class":102},"fruits_b",[61,100843,258],{"class":93},[61,100845,100846],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,100847,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,100849,100850,100852,100854,100856],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,100851,90],{"class":89},[61,100853,94],{"class":93},[61,100855,1620],{"class":102},[61,100857,258],{"class":93},[61,100859,100860,100862,100864,100867],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,100861,90],{"class":89},[61,100863,94],{"class":93},[61,100865,100866],{"class":102},"fruits_a",[61,100868,258],{"class":93},[61,100870,100871,100873,100875,100877],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,100872,90],{"class":89},[61,100874,94],{"class":93},[61,100876,100841],{"class":102},[61,100878,258],{"class":93},[20,100880,30057],{},[52,100882,100884],{"className":54,"code":100883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100885,100886,100898,100926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100887,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100889,9310],{"class":93},[61,100891,3348],{"class":310},[61,100893,4118],{"class":314},[61,100895,3348],{"class":310},[61,100897,1324],{"class":93},[61,100899,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,100901,9310],{"class":93},[61,100903,3348],{"class":310},[61,100905,4127],{"class":314},[61,100907,3348],{"class":310},[61,100909,106],{"class":93},[61,100911,3343],{"class":310},[61,100913,33250],{"class":314},[61,100915,3348],{"class":310},[61,100917,106],{"class":93},[61,100919,3343],{"class":310},[61,100921,4118],{"class":314},[61,100923,3348],{"class":310},[61,100925,1324],{"class":93},[61,100927,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,100929,9310],{"class":93},[61,100931,3348],{"class":310},[61,100933,4127],{"class":314},[61,100935,3348],{"class":310},[61,100937,106],{"class":93},[61,100939,3343],{"class":310},[61,100941,33250],{"class":314},[61,100943,3348],{"class":310},[61,100945,106],{"class":93},[61,100947,3343],{"class":310},[61,100949,22561],{"class":314},[61,100951,3348],{"class":310},[61,100953,1324],{"class":93},[20,100955,11710],{},[164,100957,100958,100963,100968,100974],{},[167,100959,100960,100961],{},"Start with ",[15,100962,100866],{},[167,100964,100965,100966],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100967,100841],{},[167,100969,100970,100971,100973],{},"Only ",[15,100972,57657],{}," remains",[167,100975,100976],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100978,100979],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44933,100981],{},[47,100983,8449,100985,100987],{"id":100984},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100986,100243],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100989,100990,100991,229],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100992,100243],{},[20,100994,100995],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[52,100997,100999],{"className":54,"code":100998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101000,101001,101033,101050,101063,101080,101084,101113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101002,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101004,3661],{"class":67},[61,101006,72],{"class":71},[61,101008,1305],{"class":93},[61,101010,3035],{"class":75},[61,101012,106],{"class":93},[61,101014,3040],{"class":75},[61,101016,106],{"class":93},[61,101018,1020],{"class":75},[61,101020,106],{"class":93},[61,101022,2505],{"class":75},[61,101024,106],{"class":93},[61,101026,4644],{"class":75},[61,101028,106],{"class":93},[61,101030,37672],{"class":75},[61,101032,1324],{"class":93},[61,101034,101035,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101036,101037],{"class":67},"group_a ",[61,101039,72],{"class":71},[61,101041,1305],{"class":93},[61,101043,2113],{"class":75},[61,101045,106],{"class":93},[61,101047,2505],{"class":75},[61,101049,1324],{"class":93},[61,101051,101052,101055,101057,101059,101061],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,101053,101054],{"class":67},"group_b ",[61,101056,72],{"class":71},[61,101058,1305],{"class":93},[61,101060,2192],{"class":75},[61,101062,1324],{"class":93},[61,101064,101065,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,101066,101067],{"class":67},"group_c ",[61,101069,72],{"class":71},[61,101071,1305],{"class":93},[61,101073,80420],{"class":75},[61,101075,106],{"class":93},[61,101077,6032],{"class":75},[61,101079,1324],{"class":93},[61,101081,101082],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,101083,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101085,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101101,101103,101106,101108,101111],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,101087,1593],{"class":67},[61,101089,72],{"class":71},[61,101091,4303],{"class":67},[61,101093,229],{"class":93},[61,101095,2859],{"class":102},[61,101097,94],{"class":93},[61,101099,101100],{"class":102},"group_a",[61,101102,106],{"class":93},[61,101104,101105],{"class":102}," group_b",[61,101107,106],{"class":93},[61,101109,101110],{"class":102}," group_c",[61,101112,258],{"class":93},[61,101114,101115,101117,101119,101121],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,101116,90],{"class":89},[61,101118,94],{"class":93},[61,101120,1620],{"class":102},[61,101122,258],{"class":93},[20,101124,345],{},[52,101126,101128],{"className":54,"code":101127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101129,101130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101131,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101133,9310],{"class":93},[61,101135,3035],{"class":75},[61,101137,106],{"class":93},[61,101139,1020],{"class":75},[61,101141,1324],{"class":93},[20,101143,101144],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44933,101146],{},[47,101148,101150,741,101152],{"id":101149},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101151,100243],{},[15,101153,101154],{},"difference_update()",[20,101156,101157],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[260,101159,101160],{"id":2859},[15,101161,100243],{},[164,101163,101164,101167],{},[167,101165,101166],{},"Returns a new set",[167,101168,101169],{},"Does not change the original set",[52,101171,101173],{"className":54,"code":101172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101174,101175,101199,101215,101219,101237,101241,101251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101176,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101178,2602],{"class":67},[61,101180,72],{"class":71},[61,101182,1305],{"class":93},[61,101184,3035],{"class":75},[61,101186,106],{"class":93},[61,101188,3040],{"class":75},[61,101190,106],{"class":93},[61,101192,1020],{"class":75},[61,101194,106],{"class":93},[61,101196,2505],{"class":75},[61,101198,1324],{"class":93},[61,101200,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101202,2630],{"class":67},[61,101204,72],{"class":71},[61,101206,1305],{"class":93},[61,101208,1046],{"class":75},[61,101210,106],{"class":93},[61,101212,2505],{"class":75},[61,101214,1324],{"class":93},[61,101216,101217],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,101218,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101220,101221,101223,101225,101227,101229,101231,101233,101235],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,101222,1593],{"class":67},[61,101224,72],{"class":71},[61,101226,56711],{"class":67},[61,101228,229],{"class":93},[61,101230,2859],{"class":102},[61,101232,94],{"class":93},[61,101234,1101],{"class":102},[61,101236,258],{"class":93},[61,101238,101239],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,101240,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101242,101243,101245,101247,101249],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,101244,90],{"class":89},[61,101246,94],{"class":93},[61,101248,1620],{"class":102},[61,101250,258],{"class":93},[61,101252,101253,101255,101257,101259],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,101254,90],{"class":89},[61,101256,94],{"class":93},[61,101258,221],{"class":102},[61,101260,258],{"class":93},[20,101262,345],{},[52,101264,101266],{"className":54,"code":101265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101267,101268,101280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101269,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101271,9310],{"class":93},[61,101273,3035],{"class":75},[61,101275,106],{"class":93},[61,101277,3040],{"class":75},[61,101279,1324],{"class":93},[61,101281,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101283,9310],{"class":93},[61,101285,3035],{"class":75},[61,101287,106],{"class":93},[61,101289,3040],{"class":75},[61,101291,106],{"class":93},[61,101293,1020],{"class":75},[61,101295,106],{"class":93},[61,101297,2505],{"class":75},[61,101299,1324],{"class":93},[260,101301,101303],{"id":101302},"difference_update",[15,101304,101154],{},[164,101306,101307,101310],{},[167,101308,101309],{},"Changes the original set",[167,101311,96147],{},[52,101313,101315],{"className":54,"code":101314,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101316,101317,101341,101357,101361,101375,101379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101318,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101320,2602],{"class":67},[61,101322,72],{"class":71},[61,101324,1305],{"class":93},[61,101326,3035],{"class":75},[61,101328,106],{"class":93},[61,101330,3040],{"class":75},[61,101332,106],{"class":93},[61,101334,1020],{"class":75},[61,101336,106],{"class":93},[61,101338,2505],{"class":75},[61,101340,1324],{"class":93},[61,101342,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101344,2630],{"class":67},[61,101346,72],{"class":71},[61,101348,1305],{"class":93},[61,101350,1046],{"class":75},[61,101352,106],{"class":93},[61,101354,2505],{"class":75},[61,101356,1324],{"class":93},[61,101358,101359],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,101360,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101362,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,101364,221],{"class":67},[61,101366,229],{"class":93},[61,101368,101302],{"class":102},[61,101370,94],{"class":93},[61,101372,1101],{"class":102},[61,101374,258],{"class":93},[61,101376,101377],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,101378,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101380,101381,101383,101385,101387],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,101382,90],{"class":89},[61,101384,94],{"class":93},[61,101386,221],{"class":102},[61,101388,258],{"class":93},[20,101390,345],{},[52,101392,101393],{"className":54,"code":100336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,101394,101395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101396,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101398,9310],{"class":93},[61,101400,3035],{"class":75},[61,101402,106],{"class":93},[61,101404,3040],{"class":75},[61,101406,1324],{"class":93},[20,101408,143,101409,101411],{},[15,101410,100243],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101413,101414,101415,33630],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101416,101154],{},[44933,101418],{},[47,101420,101422,101424,101425,101427],{"id":101421},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101423,100243],{}," vs the ",[15,101426,2078],{}," operator",[20,101429,2034,101430,101432,101433,101435],{},[15,101431,2078],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101434,100243],{}," for two sets.",[52,101437,101439],{"className":54,"code":101438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101440,101441,101465,101481,101485,101503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101442,101443,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101444,2602],{"class":67},[61,101446,72],{"class":71},[61,101448,1305],{"class":93},[61,101450,3035],{"class":75},[61,101452,106],{"class":93},[61,101454,3040],{"class":75},[61,101456,106],{"class":93},[61,101458,1020],{"class":75},[61,101460,106],{"class":93},[61,101462,2505],{"class":75},[61,101464,1324],{"class":93},[61,101466,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101468,2630],{"class":67},[61,101470,72],{"class":71},[61,101472,1305],{"class":93},[61,101474,1046],{"class":75},[61,101476,106],{"class":93},[61,101478,2505],{"class":75},[61,101480,1324],{"class":93},[61,101482,101483],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,101484,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101486,101487,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,101488,90],{"class":89},[61,101490,94],{"class":93},[61,101492,221],{"class":102},[61,101494,229],{"class":93},[61,101496,2859],{"class":102},[61,101498,94],{"class":93},[61,101500,1101],{"class":102},[61,101502,342],{"class":93},[61,101504,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513,101515],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,101506,90],{"class":89},[61,101508,94],{"class":93},[61,101510,2602],{"class":102},[61,101512,2078],{"class":71},[61,101514,2607],{"class":102},[61,101516,258],{"class":93},[20,101518,345],{},[52,101520,101522],{"className":54,"code":101521,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101523,101524,101536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101525,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101527,9310],{"class":93},[61,101529,3035],{"class":75},[61,101531,106],{"class":93},[61,101533,3040],{"class":75},[61,101535,1324],{"class":93},[61,101537,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101539,9310],{"class":93},[61,101541,3035],{"class":75},[61,101543,106],{"class":93},[61,101545,3040],{"class":75},[61,101547,1324],{"class":93},[20,101549,101550],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101552,94417,101553,1916],{},[15,101554,100243],{},[164,101556,101557,101560,101563],{},[167,101558,101559],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[167,101561,101562],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[167,101564,101565],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101567,101568],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[52,101570,101572],{"className":54,"code":101571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101573,101574,101602,101614,101626,101630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101575,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101577,2602],{"class":67},[61,101579,72],{"class":71},[61,101581,1305],{"class":93},[61,101583,3035],{"class":75},[61,101585,106],{"class":93},[61,101587,3040],{"class":75},[61,101589,106],{"class":93},[61,101591,1020],{"class":75},[61,101593,106],{"class":93},[61,101595,2505],{"class":75},[61,101597,106],{"class":93},[61,101599,4644],{"class":75},[61,101601,1324],{"class":93},[61,101603,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101605,2630],{"class":67},[61,101607,72],{"class":71},[61,101609,1305],{"class":93},[61,101611,2113],{"class":75},[61,101613,1324],{"class":93},[61,101615,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,101617,83012],{"class":67},[61,101619,72],{"class":71},[61,101621,1305],{"class":93},[61,101623,2552],{"class":75},[61,101625,1324],{"class":93},[61,101627,101628],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,101629,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101631,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,101633,90],{"class":89},[61,101635,94],{"class":93},[61,101637,221],{"class":102},[61,101639,229],{"class":93},[61,101641,2859],{"class":102},[61,101643,94],{"class":93},[61,101645,1101],{"class":102},[61,101647,106],{"class":93},[61,101649,9713],{"class":102},[61,101651,342],{"class":93},[20,101653,345],{},[52,101655,101657],{"className":54,"code":101656,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101658,101659],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101660,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101662,9310],{"class":93},[61,101664,3035],{"class":75},[61,101666,106],{"class":93},[61,101668,1020],{"class":75},[61,101670,106],{"class":93},[61,101672,4644],{"class":75},[61,101674,1324],{"class":93},[20,101676,101677,101678,101680],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101679,2078],{}," operator expression.",[44933,101682],{},[47,101684,1387],{"id":1386},[20,101686,21239,101687,229],{},[15,101688,100243],{},[260,101690,101692],{"id":101691},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101694,4667,101695,101697,101698,1314],{},[3784,101696,4670],{}," change ",[15,101699,221],{},[52,101701,101703],{"className":54,"code":101702,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101704,101705,101725,101737,101741,101755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101706,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101708,2602],{"class":67},[61,101710,72],{"class":71},[61,101712,1305],{"class":93},[61,101714,3035],{"class":75},[61,101716,106],{"class":93},[61,101718,3040],{"class":75},[61,101720,106],{"class":93},[61,101722,1020],{"class":75},[61,101724,1324],{"class":93},[61,101726,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101728,2630],{"class":67},[61,101730,72],{"class":71},[61,101732,1305],{"class":93},[61,101734,1046],{"class":75},[61,101736,1324],{"class":93},[61,101738,101739],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,101740,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101742,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,101744,221],{"class":67},[61,101746,229],{"class":93},[61,101748,2859],{"class":102},[61,101750,94],{"class":93},[61,101752,1101],{"class":102},[61,101754,258],{"class":93},[61,101756,101757,101759,101761,101763],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,101758,90],{"class":89},[61,101760,94],{"class":93},[61,101762,221],{"class":102},[61,101764,258],{"class":93},[20,101766,345],{},[52,101768,101769],{"className":54,"code":96436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,101770,101771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101772,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101774,9310],{"class":93},[61,101776,3035],{"class":75},[61,101778,106],{"class":93},[61,101780,3040],{"class":75},[61,101782,106],{"class":93},[61,101784,1020],{"class":75},[61,101786,1324],{"class":93},[20,101788,101789],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[52,101791,101793],{"className":54,"code":101792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101794,101795,101815,101827,101831,101849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811,101813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101798,2602],{"class":67},[61,101800,72],{"class":71},[61,101802,1305],{"class":93},[61,101804,3035],{"class":75},[61,101806,106],{"class":93},[61,101808,3040],{"class":75},[61,101810,106],{"class":93},[61,101812,1020],{"class":75},[61,101814,1324],{"class":93},[61,101816,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101818,2630],{"class":67},[61,101820,72],{"class":71},[61,101822,1305],{"class":93},[61,101824,1046],{"class":75},[61,101826,1324],{"class":93},[61,101828,101829],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,101830,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101832,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,101834,2602],{"class":67},[61,101836,72],{"class":71},[61,101838,56711],{"class":67},[61,101840,229],{"class":93},[61,101842,2859],{"class":102},[61,101844,94],{"class":93},[61,101846,1101],{"class":102},[61,101848,258],{"class":93},[61,101850,101851,101853,101855,101857],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,101852,90],{"class":89},[61,101854,94],{"class":93},[61,101856,221],{"class":102},[61,101858,258],{"class":93},[20,101860,345],{},[52,101862,101863],{"className":54,"code":100336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,101864,101865],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101866,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101868,9310],{"class":93},[61,101870,3035],{"class":75},[61,101872,106],{"class":93},[61,101874,3040],{"class":75},[61,101876,1324],{"class":93},[260,101878,101880],{"id":101879},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101882,101883,101886],{},[15,101884,101885],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[164,101888,101889,101894],{},[167,101890,101891,101892],{},"keep items from ",[15,101893,221],{},[167,101895,101896,101897],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101898,1101],{},[20,101900,40931,101901,101903,101904,101906],{},[3784,101902,4670],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101905,1101],{},"”.",[20,101908,295],{},[52,101910,101912],{"className":54,"code":101911,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101913,101914,101934,101954,101958,101976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101915,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101917,2602],{"class":67},[61,101919,72],{"class":71},[61,101921,1305],{"class":93},[61,101923,3035],{"class":75},[61,101925,106],{"class":93},[61,101927,3040],{"class":75},[61,101929,106],{"class":93},[61,101931,1020],{"class":75},[61,101933,1324],{"class":93},[61,101935,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,101937,2630],{"class":67},[61,101939,72],{"class":71},[61,101941,1305],{"class":93},[61,101943,1046],{"class":75},[61,101945,106],{"class":93},[61,101947,2505],{"class":75},[61,101949,106],{"class":93},[61,101951,4644],{"class":75},[61,101953,1324],{"class":93},[61,101955,101956],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,101957,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,101959,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,101961,90],{"class":89},[61,101963,94],{"class":93},[61,101965,221],{"class":102},[61,101967,229],{"class":93},[61,101969,2859],{"class":102},[61,101971,94],{"class":93},[61,101973,1101],{"class":102},[61,101975,342],{"class":93},[61,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,101979,90],{"class":89},[61,101981,94],{"class":93},[61,101983,1101],{"class":102},[61,101985,229],{"class":93},[61,101987,2859],{"class":102},[61,101989,94],{"class":93},[61,101991,221],{"class":102},[61,101993,342],{"class":93},[20,101995,345],{},[52,101997,101999],{"className":54,"code":101998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102000,102001,102013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102002,102003,102005,102007,102009,102011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102004,9310],{"class":93},[61,102006,3035],{"class":75},[61,102008,106],{"class":93},[61,102010,3040],{"class":75},[61,102012,1324],{"class":93},[61,102014,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102016,9310],{"class":93},[61,102018,2552],{"class":75},[61,102020,106],{"class":93},[61,102022,4644],{"class":75},[61,102024,1324],{"class":93},[20,102026,102027],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[260,102029,102031],{"id":102030},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102033,102034,102036],{},[15,102035,100243],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102038,55142],{},[52,102040,102042],{"className":54,"code":102041,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102043,102044,102064,102080,102084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102045,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102047,2602],{"class":67},[61,102049,72],{"class":71},[61,102051,1088],{"class":93},[61,102053,3035],{"class":75},[61,102055,106],{"class":93},[61,102057,3040],{"class":75},[61,102059,106],{"class":93},[61,102061,1020],{"class":75},[61,102063,1115],{"class":93},[61,102065,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102067,2630],{"class":67},[61,102069,72],{"class":71},[61,102071,1088],{"class":93},[61,102073,1046],{"class":75},[61,102075,106],{"class":93},[61,102077,2505],{"class":75},[61,102079,1115],{"class":93},[61,102081,102082],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,102083,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,102085,102086],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,102087,102088],{"class":116},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102090,102091],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[52,102093,102095],{"className":54,"code":102094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102096,102097,102117,102133,102137,102163],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113,102115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102100,2602],{"class":67},[61,102102,72],{"class":71},[61,102104,1088],{"class":93},[61,102106,3035],{"class":75},[61,102108,106],{"class":93},[61,102110,3040],{"class":75},[61,102112,106],{"class":93},[61,102114,1020],{"class":75},[61,102116,1115],{"class":93},[61,102118,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102120,2630],{"class":67},[61,102122,72],{"class":71},[61,102124,1088],{"class":93},[61,102126,1046],{"class":75},[61,102128,106],{"class":93},[61,102130,2505],{"class":75},[61,102132,1115],{"class":93},[61,102134,102135],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,102136,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,102138,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,102140,1593],{"class":67},[61,102142,72],{"class":71},[61,102144,15661],{"class":109},[61,102146,94],{"class":93},[61,102148,221],{"class":102},[61,102150,8664],{"class":93},[61,102152,2859],{"class":102},[61,102154,94],{"class":93},[61,102156,6326],{"class":109},[61,102158,94],{"class":93},[61,102160,1101],{"class":102},[61,102162,342],{"class":93},[61,102164,102165,102167,102169,102171],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,102166,90],{"class":89},[61,102168,94],{"class":93},[61,102170,1620],{"class":102},[61,102172,258],{"class":93},[20,102174,345],{},[52,102176,102177],{"className":54,"code":100336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,102178,102179],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102180,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102182,9310],{"class":93},[61,102184,3035],{"class":75},[61,102186,106],{"class":93},[61,102188,3040],{"class":75},[61,102190,1324],{"class":93},[260,102192,102194],{"id":102193},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102196,102197],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[52,102199,102201],{"className":54,"code":102200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102202,102203,102235,102251,102255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102204,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102206,2602],{"class":67},[61,102208,72],{"class":71},[61,102210,1305],{"class":93},[61,102212,1010],{"class":310},[61,102214,37075],{"class":314},[61,102216,1010],{"class":310},[61,102218,106],{"class":93},[61,102220,311],{"class":310},[61,102222,57951],{"class":314},[61,102224,1010],{"class":310},[61,102226,106],{"class":93},[61,102228,311],{"class":310},[61,102230,57968],{"class":314},[61,102232,1010],{"class":310},[61,102234,1324],{"class":93},[61,102236,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102238,2630],{"class":67},[61,102240,72],{"class":71},[61,102242,1305],{"class":93},[61,102244,1010],{"class":310},[61,102246,57951],{"class":314},[61,102248,1010],{"class":310},[61,102250,1324],{"class":93},[61,102252,102253],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,102254,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,102256,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,102258,90],{"class":89},[61,102260,94],{"class":93},[61,102262,221],{"class":102},[61,102264,229],{"class":93},[61,102266,2859],{"class":102},[61,102268,94],{"class":93},[61,102270,1101],{"class":102},[61,102272,342],{"class":93},[20,102274,102275],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[260,102277,102279],{"id":102278},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102281,102282],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[52,102284,102286],{"className":54,"code":102285,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102287,102288,102316,102328,102332,102342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102289,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102291,2602],{"class":67},[61,102293,72],{"class":71},[61,102295,1305],{"class":93},[61,102297,3035],{"class":75},[61,102299,106],{"class":93},[61,102301,5535],{"class":75},[61,102303,106],{"class":93},[61,102305,3040],{"class":75},[61,102307,106],{"class":93},[61,102309,3040],{"class":75},[61,102311,106],{"class":93},[61,102313,1020],{"class":75},[61,102315,1324],{"class":93},[61,102317,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102319,2630],{"class":67},[61,102321,72],{"class":71},[61,102323,1305],{"class":93},[61,102325,1046],{"class":75},[61,102327,1324],{"class":93},[61,102329,102330],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,102331,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,102335,90],{"class":89},[61,102337,94],{"class":93},[61,102339,221],{"class":102},[61,102341,258],{"class":93},[61,102343,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,102345,90],{"class":89},[61,102347,94],{"class":93},[61,102349,221],{"class":102},[61,102351,229],{"class":93},[61,102353,2859],{"class":102},[61,102355,94],{"class":93},[61,102357,1101],{"class":102},[61,102359,342],{"class":93},[20,102361,345],{},[52,102363,102365],{"className":54,"code":102364,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102366,102367,102383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102368,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102370,9310],{"class":93},[61,102372,3035],{"class":75},[61,102374,106],{"class":93},[61,102376,3040],{"class":75},[61,102378,106],{"class":93},[61,102380,1020],{"class":75},[61,102382,1324],{"class":93},[61,102384,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102386,9310],{"class":93},[61,102388,3035],{"class":75},[61,102390,106],{"class":93},[61,102392,3040],{"class":75},[61,102394,1324],{"class":93},[20,102396,102397,102398,102400],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102399,100243],{}," runs.",[260,102402,102404],{"id":102403},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102406,102407],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[52,102409,102411],{"className":54,"code":102410,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102412,102413,102437,102457,102461,102471,102481,102499,102521],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102414,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102416,2602],{"class":67},[61,102418,72],{"class":71},[61,102420,1305],{"class":93},[61,102422,3035],{"class":75},[61,102424,106],{"class":93},[61,102426,3040],{"class":75},[61,102428,106],{"class":93},[61,102430,1020],{"class":75},[61,102432,106],{"class":93},[61,102434,2505],{"class":75},[61,102436,1324],{"class":93},[61,102438,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102440,2630],{"class":67},[61,102442,72],{"class":71},[61,102444,1305],{"class":93},[61,102446,1046],{"class":75},[61,102448,106],{"class":93},[61,102450,2505],{"class":75},[61,102452,106],{"class":93},[61,102454,4644],{"class":75},[61,102456,1324],{"class":93},[61,102458,102459],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,102460,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,102462,102463,102465,102467,102469],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,102464,90],{"class":89},[61,102466,94],{"class":93},[61,102468,221],{"class":102},[61,102470,258],{"class":93},[61,102472,102473,102475,102477,102479],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,102474,90],{"class":89},[61,102476,94],{"class":93},[61,102478,1101],{"class":102},[61,102480,258],{"class":93},[61,102482,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,102484,90],{"class":89},[61,102486,94],{"class":93},[61,102488,221],{"class":102},[61,102490,229],{"class":93},[61,102492,2859],{"class":102},[61,102494,94],{"class":93},[61,102496,1101],{"class":102},[61,102498,342],{"class":93},[61,102500,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,102502,90],{"class":89},[61,102504,94],{"class":93},[61,102506,657],{"class":109},[61,102508,94],{"class":93},[61,102510,221],{"class":102},[61,102512,229],{"class":93},[61,102514,2859],{"class":102},[61,102516,94],{"class":93},[61,102518,1101],{"class":102},[61,102520,582],{"class":93},[61,102522,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,102524,90],{"class":89},[61,102526,94],{"class":93},[61,102528,11191],{"class":89},[61,102530,94],{"class":93},[61,102532,221],{"class":102},[61,102534,229],{"class":93},[61,102536,2859],{"class":102},[61,102538,94],{"class":93},[61,102540,1101],{"class":102},[61,102542,582],{"class":93},[20,102544,11200],{},[164,102546,102547,102550,102553,102556],{},[167,102548,102549],{},"what is in each set",[167,102551,102552],{},"what result Python creates",[167,102554,102555],{},"that the result is a set",[167,102557,102558],{},"how many items remain",[44933,102560],{},[47,102562,1879],{"id":1878},[260,102564,1928,102566,102568],{"id":102565},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102567,100243],{}," change the original set?",[20,102570,102571],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[260,102573,1911,102575,749,102577,1916],{"id":102574},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102576,100243],{},[15,102578,101154],{},[20,102580,102581,102583,102584,102586],{},[15,102582,100243],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102585,101154],{}," modifies the original set.",[260,102588,28355,102590,102592],{"id":102589},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102591,100243],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102594,102595],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[260,102597,102599],{"id":102598},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102601,102602],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44933,102604],{},[47,102606,1938],{"id":1937},[164,102608,102609,102613,102621],{},[167,102610,102611],{},[221,102612,96157],{"href":97328},[167,102614,102615],{},[221,102616,96643,102618,10770],{"href":102617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102619,102620],{},"intersection()",[167,102622,102623],{},[221,102624,96643,102626,10770],{"href":102625},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102627,102628],{},"union()",[1969,102630,102631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":102633},[102634,102635,102637,102638,102639,102640,102642,102647,102649,102657,102666],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":100365,"depth":79,"text":102636},"What difference() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":100984,"depth":79,"text":102641},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101149,"depth":79,"text":102643,"children":102644},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102645,102646],{"id":2859,"depth":86,"text":100243},{"id":101302,"depth":86,"text":101154},{"id":101421,"depth":79,"text":102648},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":102650},[102651,102652,102653,102654,102655,102656],{"id":101691,"depth":86,"text":101692},{"id":101879,"depth":86,"text":101880},{"id":102030,"depth":86,"text":102031},{"id":102193,"depth":86,"text":102194},{"id":102278,"depth":86,"text":102279},{"id":102403,"depth":86,"text":102404},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":102658},[102659,102661,102663,102665],{"id":102565,"depth":86,"text":102660},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102574,"depth":86,"text":102662},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102589,"depth":86,"text":102664},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102598,"depth":86,"text":102599},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100235,"description":102667},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102674,"title":102675,"body":102676,"description":104371,"extension":2017,"meta":104372,"navigation":82,"path":104373,"seo":104374,"stem":104375,"__hash__":104376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102677,"toc":104333},[102678,102684,102690,102703,102705,102806,102808,102853,102858,102863,102867,102881,102884,102892,102894,102913,102931,102935,102988,102990,103011,103018,103023,103050,103057,103156,103158,103195,103203,103207,103213,103216,103289,103291,103299,103304,103373,103375,103400,103402,103405,103508,103510,103571,103574,103578,103584,103657,103659,103692,103695,103698,103738,103744,103767,103772,103776,103787,103790,103792,103796,103802,103804,103861,103871,103873,103926,103933,103938,104006,104014,104020,104024,104026,104065,104070,104119,104123,104126,104128,104167,104170,104172,104177,104234,104236,104250,104252,104256,104262,104267,104272,104279,104290,104296,104301,104303,104330],[10,102679,96029,102681,11352],{"id":102680},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102682,102683],{},"discard()",[20,102685,102686,102689],{},[15,102687,102688],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102691,102692,102693,186,102698,14080,102700,102702],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[221,102694,102695],{"href":98038},[15,102696,102697],{},"set.remove()",[15,102699,102683],{},[3784,102701,4670],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[47,102704,2059],{"id":2058},[52,102706,102708],{"className":54,"code":102707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102709,102710,102742,102761,102771,102775,102796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102711,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732,102734,102736,102738,102740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102713,13102],{"class":67},[61,102715,72],{"class":71},[61,102717,1305],{"class":93},[61,102719,1010],{"class":310},[61,102721,13119],{"class":314},[61,102723,1010],{"class":310},[61,102725,106],{"class":93},[61,102727,311],{"class":310},[61,102729,13136],{"class":314},[61,102731,1010],{"class":310},[61,102733,106],{"class":93},[61,102735,311],{"class":310},[61,102737,17482],{"class":314},[61,102739,1010],{"class":310},[61,102741,1324],{"class":93},[61,102743,102744,102746,102748,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102745,17529],{"class":67},[61,102747,229],{"class":93},[61,102749,102750],{"class":102},"discard",[61,102752,94],{"class":93},[61,102754,1010],{"class":310},[61,102756,13136],{"class":314},[61,102758,1010],{"class":310},[61,102760,258],{"class":93},[61,102762,102763,102765,102767,102769],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,102764,90],{"class":89},[61,102766,94],{"class":93},[61,102768,17529],{"class":102},[61,102770,258],{"class":93},[61,102772,102773],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,102774,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,102776,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,102778,17529],{"class":67},[61,102780,229],{"class":93},[61,102782,102750],{"class":102},[61,102784,94],{"class":93},[61,102786,1010],{"class":310},[61,102788,22552],{"class":314},[61,102790,1010],{"class":310},[61,102792,664],{"class":93},[61,102794,102795],{"class":116},"  # no error if missing\n",[61,102797,102798,102800,102802,102804],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,102799,90],{"class":89},[61,102801,94],{"class":93},[61,102803,17529],{"class":102},[61,102805,258],{"class":93},[20,102807,30057],{},[52,102809,102811],{"className":54,"code":102810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102812,102813,102833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102814,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102816,9310],{"class":93},[61,102818,3348],{"class":310},[61,102820,13119],{"class":314},[61,102822,3348],{"class":310},[61,102824,106],{"class":93},[61,102826,3343],{"class":310},[61,102828,17482],{"class":314},[61,102830,3348],{"class":310},[61,102832,1324],{"class":93},[61,102834,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102836,9310],{"class":93},[61,102838,3348],{"class":310},[61,102840,13119],{"class":314},[61,102842,3348],{"class":310},[61,102844,106],{"class":93},[61,102846,3343],{"class":310},[61,102848,17482],{"class":314},[61,102850,3348],{"class":310},[61,102852,1324],{"class":93},[20,102854,143,102855,102857],{},[15,102856,102683],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[47,102859,151,102861,154],{"id":102860},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102862,102688],{},[20,102864,102865,1314],{},[15,102866,102683],{},[164,102868,102869,102872,102875,102877],{},[167,102870,102871],{},"Removes one item from a set",[167,102873,102874],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[167,102876,96144],{},[167,102878,172,102879],{},[15,102880,3820],{},[20,102882,102883],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102885,96153,102886,31,102889,229],{},[221,102887,102888],{"href":98620},"what a set is in Python",[221,102890,102891],{"href":97712},"how to create a set",[47,102893,233],{"id":232},[52,102895,102897],{"className":54,"code":102896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102898,102899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102900,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102902,15694],{"class":67},[61,102904,229],{"class":93},[61,102906,102750],{"class":102},[61,102908,94],{"class":93},[61,102910,103],{"class":102},[61,102912,258],{"class":93},[164,102914,102915,102920,102925,102928],{},[167,102916,102917,102919],{},[15,102918,15694],{}," is the set you want to change",[167,102921,102922,102924],{},[15,102923,103],{}," is the item you want to remove",[167,102926,102927],{},"The set must already exist",[167,102929,102930],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[260,102932,102934],{"id":102933},"example","Example",[52,102936,102938],{"className":54,"code":102937,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102939,102940,102964,102978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102941,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102943,3661],{"class":67},[61,102945,72],{"class":71},[61,102947,1305],{"class":93},[61,102949,3035],{"class":75},[61,102951,106],{"class":93},[61,102953,3040],{"class":75},[61,102955,106],{"class":93},[61,102957,1020],{"class":75},[61,102959,106],{"class":93},[61,102961,2505],{"class":75},[61,102963,1324],{"class":93},[61,102965,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,102967,3691],{"class":67},[61,102969,229],{"class":93},[61,102971,102750],{"class":102},[61,102973,94],{"class":93},[61,102975,1046],{"class":75},[61,102977,258],{"class":93},[61,102979,102980,102982,102984,102986],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,102981,90],{"class":89},[61,102983,94],{"class":93},[61,102985,3691],{"class":102},[61,102987,258],{"class":93},[20,102989,345],{},[52,102991,102993],{"className":54,"code":102992,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102994,102995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102996,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102998,9310],{"class":93},[61,103000,3035],{"class":75},[61,103002,106],{"class":93},[61,103004,3040],{"class":75},[61,103006,106],{"class":93},[61,103008,2505],{"class":75},[61,103010,1324],{"class":93},[47,103012,103014,103015,103017],{"id":103013},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103016,102683],{}," different",[20,103019,103020,103022],{},[15,103021,102683],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[164,103024,103025,103038,103047],{},[167,103026,103027,103028,186,103032,103034,103035,103037],{},"Unlike ",[221,103029,103030],{"href":98038},[15,103031,55352],{},[15,103033,102683],{}," does not raise ",[15,103036,19714],{}," when the item is missing",[167,103039,103027,103040,186,103044,103046],{},[221,103041,103042],{"href":98043},[15,103043,12789],{},[15,103045,102683],{}," removes a specific item",[167,103048,103049],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[260,103051,103053,741,103055],{"id":103052},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103054,102683],{},[15,103056,55352],{},[52,103058,103060],{"className":54,"code":103059,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103061,103062,103086,103090,103111,103121,103125,103146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103063,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103065,7814],{"class":67},[61,103067,72],{"class":71},[61,103069,1305],{"class":93},[61,103071,1010],{"class":310},[61,103073,4118],{"class":314},[61,103075,1010],{"class":310},[61,103077,106],{"class":93},[61,103079,311],{"class":310},[61,103081,4127],{"class":314},[61,103083,1010],{"class":310},[61,103085,1324],{"class":93},[61,103087,103088],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103089,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103091,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,103093,7845],{"class":67},[61,103095,229],{"class":93},[61,103097,102750],{"class":102},[61,103099,94],{"class":93},[61,103101,1010],{"class":310},[61,103103,33250],{"class":314},[61,103105,1010],{"class":310},[61,103107,664],{"class":93},[61,103109,103110],{"class":116},"   # no error\n",[61,103112,103113,103115,103117,103119],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,103114,90],{"class":89},[61,103116,94],{"class":93},[61,103118,7845],{"class":102},[61,103120,258],{"class":93},[61,103122,103123],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,103124,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,103128,7845],{"class":67},[61,103130,229],{"class":93},[61,103132,34823],{"class":102},[61,103134,94],{"class":93},[61,103136,1010],{"class":310},[61,103138,4127],{"class":314},[61,103140,1010],{"class":310},[61,103142,664],{"class":93},[61,103144,103145],{"class":116},"    # removes existing item\n",[61,103147,103148,103150,103152,103154],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,103149,90],{"class":89},[61,103151,94],{"class":93},[61,103153,7845],{"class":102},[61,103155,258],{"class":93},[20,103157,345],{},[52,103159,103161],{"className":54,"code":103160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103162,103163,103183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103164,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103166,9310],{"class":93},[61,103168,3348],{"class":310},[61,103170,4118],{"class":314},[61,103172,3348],{"class":310},[61,103174,106],{"class":93},[61,103176,3343],{"class":310},[61,103178,4127],{"class":314},[61,103180,3348],{"class":310},[61,103182,1324],{"class":93},[61,103184,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103186,9310],{"class":93},[61,103188,3348],{"class":310},[61,103190,4118],{"class":314},[61,103192,3348],{"class":310},[61,103194,1324],{"class":93},[20,103196,40369,103197,103199,103200,103202],{},[15,103198,55352],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[221,103201,11105],{"href":11104}," for more help with that case.",[47,103204,103206],{"id":103205},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103208,103209,2446,103211,229],{},[15,103210,102683],{},[15,103212,3820],{},[20,103214,103215],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[52,103217,103219],{"className":54,"code":103218,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103220,103221,103253,103275,103279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103222,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103224,13102],{"class":67},[61,103226,72],{"class":71},[61,103228,1305],{"class":93},[61,103230,1010],{"class":310},[61,103232,13119],{"class":314},[61,103234,1010],{"class":310},[61,103236,106],{"class":93},[61,103238,311],{"class":310},[61,103240,13136],{"class":314},[61,103242,1010],{"class":310},[61,103244,106],{"class":93},[61,103246,311],{"class":310},[61,103248,17482],{"class":314},[61,103250,1010],{"class":310},[61,103252,1324],{"class":93},[61,103254,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103256,1593],{"class":67},[61,103258,72],{"class":71},[61,103260,13150],{"class":67},[61,103262,229],{"class":93},[61,103264,102750],{"class":102},[61,103266,94],{"class":93},[61,103268,1010],{"class":310},[61,103270,13136],{"class":314},[61,103272,1010],{"class":310},[61,103274,258],{"class":93},[61,103276,103277],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,103278,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103280,103281,103283,103285,103287],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,103282,90],{"class":89},[61,103284,94],{"class":93},[61,103286,1620],{"class":102},[61,103288,258],{"class":93},[20,103290,345],{},[52,103292,103293],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,103294,103295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103296,103297],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103298,11835],{"class":355},[20,103300,103301,103302,1314],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103303,17529],{},[52,103305,103307],{"className":54,"code":103306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103308,103309,103341,103359,103363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103310,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103312,13102],{"class":67},[61,103314,72],{"class":71},[61,103316,1305],{"class":93},[61,103318,1010],{"class":310},[61,103320,13119],{"class":314},[61,103322,1010],{"class":310},[61,103324,106],{"class":93},[61,103326,311],{"class":310},[61,103328,13136],{"class":314},[61,103330,1010],{"class":310},[61,103332,106],{"class":93},[61,103334,311],{"class":310},[61,103336,17482],{"class":314},[61,103338,1010],{"class":310},[61,103340,1324],{"class":93},[61,103342,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103344,17529],{"class":67},[61,103346,229],{"class":93},[61,103348,102750],{"class":102},[61,103350,94],{"class":93},[61,103352,1010],{"class":310},[61,103354,13136],{"class":314},[61,103356,1010],{"class":310},[61,103358,258],{"class":93},[61,103360,103361],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,103362,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103364,103365,103367,103369,103371],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,103366,90],{"class":89},[61,103368,94],{"class":93},[61,103370,17529],{"class":102},[61,103372,258],{"class":93},[20,103374,345],{},[52,103376,103378],{"className":54,"code":103377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103379,103380],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103381,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103383,9310],{"class":93},[61,103385,3348],{"class":310},[61,103387,13119],{"class":314},[61,103389,3348],{"class":310},[61,103391,106],{"class":93},[61,103393,3343],{"class":310},[61,103395,17482],{"class":314},[61,103397,3348],{"class":310},[61,103399,1324],{"class":93},[47,103401,359],{"id":358},[20,103403,103404],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[52,103406,103408],{"className":54,"code":103407,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103409,103410,103442,103446,103464,103468,103486,103490],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103411,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103413,36266],{"class":67},[61,103415,72],{"class":71},[61,103417,1305],{"class":93},[61,103419,1010],{"class":310},[61,103421,4118],{"class":314},[61,103423,1010],{"class":310},[61,103425,106],{"class":93},[61,103427,311],{"class":310},[61,103429,4127],{"class":314},[61,103431,1010],{"class":310},[61,103433,106],{"class":93},[61,103435,311],{"class":310},[61,103437,33250],{"class":314},[61,103439,1010],{"class":310},[61,103441,1324],{"class":93},[61,103443,103444],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103445,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103447,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,103449,90],{"class":89},[61,103451,94],{"class":93},[61,103453,1010],{"class":310},[61,103455,11591],{"class":314},[61,103457,1010],{"class":310},[61,103459,106],{"class":93},[61,103461,52674],{"class":102},[61,103463,258],{"class":93},[61,103465,103466],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,103467,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103469,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,103471,36318],{"class":67},[61,103473,229],{"class":93},[61,103475,102750],{"class":102},[61,103477,94],{"class":93},[61,103479,1010],{"class":310},[61,103481,4127],{"class":314},[61,103483,1010],{"class":310},[61,103485,258],{"class":93},[61,103487,103488],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,103489,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103491,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,103493,90],{"class":89},[61,103495,94],{"class":93},[61,103497,1010],{"class":310},[61,103499,11630],{"class":314},[61,103501,1010],{"class":310},[61,103503,106],{"class":93},[61,103505,52674],{"class":102},[61,103507,258],{"class":93},[20,103509,345],{},[52,103511,103513],{"className":54,"code":103512,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103514,103515,103547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103516,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103518,11650],{"class":67},[61,103520,1314],{"class":93},[61,103522,1305],{"class":93},[61,103524,3348],{"class":310},[61,103526,4127],{"class":314},[61,103528,3348],{"class":310},[61,103530,106],{"class":93},[61,103532,3343],{"class":310},[61,103534,4118],{"class":314},[61,103536,3348],{"class":310},[61,103538,106],{"class":93},[61,103540,3343],{"class":310},[61,103542,33250],{"class":314},[61,103544,3348],{"class":310},[61,103546,1324],{"class":93},[61,103548,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103550,11703],{"class":67},[61,103552,1314],{"class":93},[61,103554,1305],{"class":93},[61,103556,3348],{"class":310},[61,103558,4118],{"class":314},[61,103560,3348],{"class":310},[61,103562,106],{"class":93},[61,103564,3343],{"class":310},[61,103566,33250],{"class":314},[61,103568,3348],{"class":310},[61,103570,1324],{"class":93},[20,103572,103573],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[47,103575,103577],{"id":103576},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103579,103580,103581,103583],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103582,102683],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[52,103585,103587],{"className":54,"code":103586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103588,103589,103621,103625,103643,103647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103590,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103592,36266],{"class":67},[61,103594,72],{"class":71},[61,103596,1305],{"class":93},[61,103598,1010],{"class":310},[61,103600,4118],{"class":314},[61,103602,1010],{"class":310},[61,103604,106],{"class":93},[61,103606,311],{"class":310},[61,103608,4127],{"class":314},[61,103610,1010],{"class":310},[61,103612,106],{"class":93},[61,103614,311],{"class":310},[61,103616,33250],{"class":314},[61,103618,1010],{"class":310},[61,103620,1324],{"class":93},[61,103622,103623],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103624,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103626,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,103628,36318],{"class":67},[61,103630,229],{"class":93},[61,103632,102750],{"class":102},[61,103634,94],{"class":93},[61,103636,1010],{"class":310},[61,103638,22561],{"class":314},[61,103640,1010],{"class":310},[61,103642,258],{"class":93},[61,103644,103645],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,103646,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103648,103649,103651,103653,103655],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,103650,90],{"class":89},[61,103652,94],{"class":93},[61,103654,36318],{"class":102},[61,103656,258],{"class":93},[20,103658,345],{},[52,103660,103662],{"className":54,"code":103661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103663,103664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103665,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103667,9310],{"class":93},[61,103669,3348],{"class":310},[61,103671,4127],{"class":314},[61,103673,3348],{"class":310},[61,103675,106],{"class":93},[61,103677,3343],{"class":310},[61,103679,4118],{"class":314},[61,103681,3348],{"class":310},[61,103683,106],{"class":93},[61,103685,3343],{"class":310},[61,103687,33250],{"class":314},[61,103689,3348],{"class":310},[61,103691,1324],{"class":93},[20,103693,103694],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103696,103697],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[52,103699,103701],{"className":54,"code":103700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103702,103703,103719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103704,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103706,1124],{"class":672},[61,103708,311],{"class":310},[61,103710,22561],{"class":314},[61,103712,1010],{"class":310},[61,103714,21201],{"class":71},[61,103716,52674],{"class":67},[61,103718,6433],{"class":93},[61,103720,103721,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103722,103723],{"class":67},"    fruits",[61,103725,229],{"class":93},[61,103727,34823],{"class":102},[61,103729,94],{"class":93},[61,103731,1010],{"class":310},[61,103733,22561],{"class":314},[61,103735,1010],{"class":310},[61,103737,258],{"class":93},[20,103739,103740,103741,103743],{},"With ",[15,103742,102683],{},", you can simply write:",[52,103745,103747],{"className":54,"code":103746,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103748,103749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103750,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103752,36318],{"class":67},[61,103754,229],{"class":93},[61,103756,102750],{"class":102},[61,103758,94],{"class":93},[61,103760,1010],{"class":310},[61,103762,22561],{"class":314},[61,103764,1010],{"class":310},[61,103766,258],{"class":93},[47,103768,5001,103770],{"id":103769},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103771,102683],{},[20,103773,143,103774,10630],{},[15,103775,102683],{},[164,103777,103778,103781,103784],{},[167,103779,103780],{},"Missing values are normal",[167,103782,103783],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[167,103785,103786],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103788,103789],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[47,103791,2878],{"id":2877},[20,103793,8479,103794,229],{},[15,103795,102683],{},[260,103797,8485,103799,103801],{"id":103798},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103800,102683],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103803,4564],{},[52,103805,103807],{"className":54,"code":103806,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103808,103809,103829,103847,103851],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103810,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103812,3661],{"class":67},[61,103814,72],{"class":71},[61,103816,1305],{"class":93},[61,103818,3035],{"class":75},[61,103820,106],{"class":93},[61,103822,3040],{"class":75},[61,103824,106],{"class":93},[61,103826,1020],{"class":75},[61,103828,1324],{"class":93},[61,103830,103831,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103832,3661],{"class":67},[61,103834,72],{"class":71},[61,103836,4303],{"class":67},[61,103838,229],{"class":93},[61,103840,102750],{"class":102},[61,103842,94],{"class":93},[61,103844,2113],{"class":75},[61,103846,258],{"class":93},[61,103848,103849],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,103850,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103852,103853,103855,103857,103859],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,103854,90],{"class":89},[61,103856,94],{"class":93},[61,103858,3691],{"class":102},[61,103860,258],{"class":93},[20,103862,103863,42178,103865,8634,103867,2446,103869,229],{},[15,103864,3691],{},[15,103866,3820],{},[15,103868,102683],{},[15,103870,3820],{},[20,103872,18868],{},[52,103874,103876],{"className":54,"code":103875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103877,103878,103898,103912,103916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103879,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103881,3661],{"class":67},[61,103883,72],{"class":71},[61,103885,1305],{"class":93},[61,103887,3035],{"class":75},[61,103889,106],{"class":93},[61,103891,3040],{"class":75},[61,103893,106],{"class":93},[61,103895,1020],{"class":75},[61,103897,1324],{"class":93},[61,103899,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103901,3691],{"class":67},[61,103903,229],{"class":93},[61,103905,102750],{"class":102},[61,103907,94],{"class":93},[61,103909,2113],{"class":75},[61,103911,258],{"class":93},[61,103913,103914],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,103915,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,103917,103918,103920,103922,103924],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,103919,90],{"class":89},[61,103921,94],{"class":93},[61,103923,3691],{"class":102},[61,103925,258],{"class":93},[260,103927,37232,103929,8738,103931],{"id":103928},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103930,102683],{},[15,103932,55352],{},[20,103934,103935,103936,229],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103937,102683],{},[52,103939,103941],{"className":54,"code":103940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103942,103943,103975,103996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103944,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103946,36117],{"class":67},[61,103948,72],{"class":71},[61,103950,1305],{"class":93},[61,103952,1010],{"class":310},[61,103954,221],{"class":314},[61,103956,1010],{"class":310},[61,103958,106],{"class":93},[61,103960,311],{"class":310},[61,103962,1101],{"class":314},[61,103964,1010],{"class":310},[61,103966,106],{"class":93},[61,103968,311],{"class":310},[61,103970,1110],{"class":314},[61,103972,1010],{"class":310},[61,103974,1324],{"class":93},[61,103976,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,103978,36170],{"class":67},[61,103980,229],{"class":93},[61,103982,102750],{"class":102},[61,103984,94],{"class":93},[61,103986,1010],{"class":310},[61,103988,22105],{"class":314},[61,103990,1010],{"class":310},[61,103992,664],{"class":93},[61,103994,103995],{"class":116},"   # safe\n",[61,103997,103998,104000,104002,104004],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,103999,90],{"class":89},[61,104001,94],{"class":93},[61,104003,36170],{"class":102},[61,104005,258],{"class":93},[20,104007,104008,104009,45923,104012,229],{},"If you use ",[15,104010,104011],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104013,19714],{},[260,104015,25645,104017,104019],{"id":104016},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104018,102683],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104021,104022,102036],{},[15,104023,102683],{},[20,104025,1400],{},[52,104027,104029],{"className":54,"code":104028,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104030,104031,104051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104032,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104034,7814],{"class":67},[61,104036,72],{"class":71},[61,104038,1088],{"class":93},[61,104040,3035],{"class":75},[61,104042,106],{"class":93},[61,104044,3040],{"class":75},[61,104046,106],{"class":93},[61,104048,1020],{"class":75},[61,104050,1115],{"class":93},[61,104052,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104054,7845],{"class":67},[61,104056,229],{"class":93},[61,104058,102750],{"class":102},[61,104060,94],{"class":93},[61,104062,2113],{"class":75},[61,104064,258],{"class":93},[20,104066,104067,104068,1314],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104069,102683],{},[52,104071,104073],{"className":54,"code":104072,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104074,104075,104095,104109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104076,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104078,7814],{"class":67},[61,104080,72],{"class":71},[61,104082,1305],{"class":93},[61,104084,3035],{"class":75},[61,104086,106],{"class":93},[61,104088,3040],{"class":75},[61,104090,106],{"class":93},[61,104092,1020],{"class":75},[61,104094,1324],{"class":93},[61,104096,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104098,7845],{"class":67},[61,104100,229],{"class":93},[61,104102,102750],{"class":102},[61,104104,94],{"class":93},[61,104106,2113],{"class":75},[61,104108,258],{"class":93},[61,104110,104111,104113,104115,104117],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,104112,90],{"class":89},[61,104114,94],{"class":93},[61,104116,7845],{"class":102},[61,104118,258],{"class":93},[260,104120,104122],{"id":104121},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104124,104125],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104127,2885],{},[52,104129,104131],{"className":54,"code":104130,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104132,104133,104153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104134,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104136,9199],{"class":67},[61,104138,72],{"class":71},[61,104140,1305],{"class":93},[61,104142,3035],{"class":75},[61,104144,106],{"class":93},[61,104146,3040],{"class":75},[61,104148,106],{"class":93},[61,104150,1020],{"class":75},[61,104152,1324],{"class":93},[61,104154,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104156,9237],{"class":67},[61,104158,229],{"class":93},[61,104160,102750],{"class":102},[61,104162,3032],{"class":93},[61,104164,2113],{"class":75},[61,104166,1365],{"class":93},[20,104168,104169],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[47,104171,8905],{"id":8904},[20,104173,8908,104174,104176],{},[15,104175,102683],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[52,104178,104180],{"className":54,"code":104179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104181,104182,104192,104206,104220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104183,104184,104186,104188,104190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104185,90],{"class":89},[61,104187,94],{"class":93},[61,104189,15694],{"class":102},[61,104191,258],{"class":93},[61,104193,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104195,90],{"class":89},[61,104197,94],{"class":93},[61,104199,657],{"class":109},[61,104201,94],{"class":93},[61,104203,15694],{"class":102},[61,104205,342],{"class":93},[61,104207,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,104209,90],{"class":89},[61,104211,94],{"class":93},[61,104213,68],{"class":102},[61,104215,3924],{"class":672},[61,104217,96753],{"class":102},[61,104219,258],{"class":93},[61,104221,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,104223,32181],{"class":89},[61,104225,94],{"class":93},[61,104227,6326],{"class":109},[61,104229,229],{"class":93},[61,104231,102750],{"class":24778},[61,104233,258],{"class":93},[20,104235,11200],{},[164,104237,104238,104241,104244,104247],{},[167,104239,104240],{},"What is currently in the set",[167,104242,104243],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[167,104245,104246],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[167,104248,104249],{},"How Python documents the method",[47,104251,1879],{"id":1878},[260,104253,104255],{"id":104254},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104257,104258,104259,104261],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104260,102683],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[260,104263,1883,104265,12742],{"id":104264},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104266,102688],{},[20,104268,1889,104269,104271],{},[15,104270,3820],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[260,104273,1911,104275,749,104277,1916],{"id":104274},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104276,102683],{},[15,104278,55352],{},[20,104280,104281,104282,26564,104284,104286,104287,104289],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104283,55352],{},[15,104285,19714],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104288,102683],{}," does not.",[260,104291,28355,104293,104295],{"id":104292},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104294,102683],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104297,46380,104298,104300],{},[15,104299,102683],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[47,104302,1938],{"id":1937},[164,104304,104305,104311,104317,104322,104326],{},[167,104306,104307],{},[221,104308,96643,104309,10770],{"href":98038},[15,104310,55352],{},[167,104312,104313],{},[221,104314,96643,104315,10770],{"href":98043},[15,104316,12789],{},[167,104318,104319],{},[221,104320,104321],{"href":97712},"Python set: creating a set",[167,104323,104324],{},[221,104325,100178],{"href":98620},[167,104327,104328],{},[221,104329,11292],{"href":11104},[1969,104331,104332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":104334},[104335,104336,104338,104341,104346,104347,104348,104349,104351,104360,104361,104370],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":102860,"depth":79,"text":104337},"What set.discard() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":104339},[104340],{"id":102933,"depth":86,"text":102934},{"id":103013,"depth":79,"text":104342,"children":104343},"What makes discard() different",[104344],{"id":103052,"depth":86,"text":104345},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103205,"depth":79,"text":103206},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":103576,"depth":79,"text":103577},{"id":103769,"depth":79,"text":104350},"When to use discard()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":104352},[104353,104355,104357,104359],{"id":103798,"depth":86,"text":104354},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103928,"depth":86,"text":104356},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104016,"depth":86,"text":104358},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104121,"depth":86,"text":104122},{"id":8904,"depth":79,"text":8905},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":104362},[104363,104364,104366,104368],{"id":104254,"depth":86,"text":104255},{"id":104264,"depth":86,"text":104365},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104274,"depth":86,"text":104367},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104292,"depth":86,"text":104369},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102675,"description":104371},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104378,"title":104379,"body":104380,"description":106386,"extension":2017,"meta":106387,"navigation":82,"path":106388,"seo":106389,"stem":106390,"__hash__":106391},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104381,"toc":106344},[104382,104385,104393,104398,104409,104411,104466,104470,104490,104495,104499,104504,104506,104520,104522,104597,104599,104632,104637,104642,104644,104646,104661,104664,104672,104677,104692,104694,104783,104785,104874,104880,104884,104886,104924,104926,104950,104953,104968,104970,105025,105027,105060,105062,105067,105071,105075,105080,105145,105147,105167,105173,105177,105234,105236,105257,105261,105266,105311,105313,105346,105349,105353,105386,105388,105417,105421,105425,105428,105430,105449,105451,105497,105502,105516,105518,105549,105554,105557,105601,105603,105631,105635,105639,105655,105658,105723,105725,105737,105740,105744,105747,105752,105780,105782,105800,105806,105845,105847,105865,105871,105900,105902,105920,105923,105940,105942,105947,105951,105954,105980,105987,105992,106007,106016,106020,106023,106054,106060,106063,106072,106075,106077,106079,106137,106140,106165,106167,106171,106174,106178,106186,106190,106193,106197,106200,106202,106225,106227,106268,106275,106283,106286,106317,106319,106341],[10,104383,104379],{"id":104384},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104386,9156,104387,104389,104390,229],{},[15,104388,3839],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3784,104391,104392],{},"unique values only",[20,104394,35431,104395,104397],{},[15,104396,3839],{}," to:",[164,104399,104400,104403,104406],{},[167,104401,104402],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[167,104404,104405],{},"check whether a value exists",[167,104407,104408],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[47,104410,2059],{"id":2058},[52,104412,104414],{"className":54,"code":104413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104415,104416,104440,104455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104417,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104419,3661],{"class":67},[61,104421,72],{"class":71},[61,104423,1088],{"class":93},[61,104425,3035],{"class":75},[61,104427,106],{"class":93},[61,104429,3040],{"class":75},[61,104431,106],{"class":93},[61,104433,3040],{"class":75},[61,104435,106],{"class":93},[61,104437,1020],{"class":75},[61,104439,1115],{"class":93},[61,104441,104442,104445,104447,104449,104451,104453],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104443,104444],{"class":67},"unique_numbers ",[61,104446,72],{"class":71},[61,104448,15661],{"class":109},[61,104450,94],{"class":93},[61,104452,3691],{"class":102},[61,104454,258],{"class":93},[61,104456,104457,104459,104461,104464],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,104458,90],{"class":89},[61,104460,94],{"class":93},[61,104462,104463],{"class":102},"unique_numbers",[61,104465,258],{"class":93},[20,104467,104468],{},[3784,104469,345],{},[52,104471,104472],{"className":54,"code":96436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,104473,104474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104475,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484,104486,104488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104477,9310],{"class":93},[61,104479,3035],{"class":75},[61,104481,106],{"class":93},[61,104483,3040],{"class":75},[61,104485,106],{"class":93},[61,104487,1020],{"class":75},[61,104489,1324],{"class":93},[20,104491,143,104492,104494],{},[15,104493,3839],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[47,104496,104498],{"id":104497},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104500,104501,104503],{},[15,104502,3839],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104505,30568],{},[164,104507,104508,104511,104514,104517],{},[167,104509,104510],{},"A set stores unique items only",[167,104512,104513],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[167,104515,104516],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[167,104518,104519],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104521,295],{},[52,104523,104525],{"className":54,"code":104524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104526,104527,104567,104582,104586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104528,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104530,13102],{"class":67},[61,104532,72],{"class":71},[61,104534,1088],{"class":93},[61,104536,1010],{"class":310},[61,104538,13119],{"class":314},[61,104540,1010],{"class":310},[61,104542,106],{"class":93},[61,104544,311],{"class":310},[61,104546,13136],{"class":314},[61,104548,1010],{"class":310},[61,104550,106],{"class":93},[61,104552,311],{"class":310},[61,104554,13119],{"class":314},[61,104556,1010],{"class":310},[61,104558,106],{"class":93},[61,104560,311],{"class":310},[61,104562,17482],{"class":314},[61,104564,1010],{"class":310},[61,104566,1115],{"class":93},[61,104568,104569,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104570,104571],{"class":67},"unique_colors ",[61,104573,72],{"class":71},[61,104575,15661],{"class":109},[61,104577,94],{"class":93},[61,104579,17529],{"class":102},[61,104581,258],{"class":93},[61,104583,104584],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,104585,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,104587,104588,104590,104592,104595],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,104589,90],{"class":89},[61,104591,94],{"class":93},[61,104593,104594],{"class":102},"unique_colors",[61,104596,258],{"class":93},[20,104598,30057],{},[52,104600,104602],{"className":54,"code":104601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104603,104604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104605,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620,104622,104624,104626,104628,104630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104607,9310],{"class":93},[61,104609,3348],{"class":310},[61,104611,13136],{"class":314},[61,104613,3348],{"class":310},[61,104615,106],{"class":93},[61,104617,3343],{"class":310},[61,104619,17482],{"class":314},[61,104621,3348],{"class":310},[61,104623,106],{"class":93},[61,104625,3343],{"class":310},[61,104627,13119],{"class":314},[61,104629,3348],{"class":310},[61,104631,1324],{"class":93},[20,104633,2336,104634,104636],{},[15,104635,65218],{}," appears only once.",[20,104638,104639,104640,229],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[221,104641,96157],{"href":96156},[47,104643,233],{"id":232},[20,104645,236],{},[52,104647,104649],{"className":54,"code":104648,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104650,104651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104652,104653,104655,104657,104659],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104654,6326],{"class":109},[61,104656,94],{"class":93},[61,104658,3761],{"class":102},[61,104660,258],{"class":93},[20,104662,104663],{},"The argument is optional.",[164,104665,104666,104669],{},[167,104667,104668],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[167,104670,104671],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104673,104674,104675,1314],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104676,3839],{},[164,104678,104679,104681,104683,104685,104689],{},[167,104680,192],{},[167,104682,195],{},[167,104684,60999],{},[167,104686,104687],{},[15,104688,36225],{},[167,104690,104691],{},"another set",[20,104693,2181],{},[52,104695,104697],{"className":54,"code":104696,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104698,104699,104725,104747,104765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104700,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104702,90],{"class":89},[61,104704,94],{"class":93},[61,104706,6326],{"class":109},[61,104708,3032],{"class":93},[61,104710,3035],{"class":75},[61,104712,106],{"class":93},[61,104714,3040],{"class":75},[61,104716,106],{"class":93},[61,104718,3040],{"class":75},[61,104720,106],{"class":93},[61,104722,1020],{"class":75},[61,104724,1518],{"class":93},[61,104726,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104728,90],{"class":89},[61,104730,94],{"class":93},[61,104732,6326],{"class":109},[61,104734,5548],{"class":93},[61,104736,2379],{"class":75},[61,104738,106],{"class":93},[61,104740,7825],{"class":75},[61,104742,106],{"class":93},[61,104744,6043],{"class":75},[61,104746,582],{"class":93},[61,104748,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,104750,90],{"class":89},[61,104752,94],{"class":93},[61,104754,6326],{"class":109},[61,104756,94],{"class":93},[61,104758,1010],{"class":310},[61,104760,457],{"class":314},[61,104762,1010],{"class":310},[61,104764,342],{"class":93},[61,104766,104767,104769,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779,104781],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,104768,90],{"class":89},[61,104770,94],{"class":93},[61,104772,6326],{"class":109},[61,104774,94],{"class":93},[61,104776,59823],{"class":89},[61,104778,94],{"class":93},[61,104780,2552],{"class":75},[61,104782,582],{"class":93},[20,104784,30057],{},[52,104786,104788],{"className":54,"code":104787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104789,104790,104806,104818,104854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104791,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104793,9310],{"class":93},[61,104795,3035],{"class":75},[61,104797,106],{"class":93},[61,104799,3040],{"class":75},[61,104801,106],{"class":93},[61,104803,1020],{"class":75},[61,104805,1324],{"class":93},[61,104807,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104809,9310],{"class":93},[61,104811,2379],{"class":75},[61,104813,106],{"class":93},[61,104815,7825],{"class":75},[61,104817,1324],{"class":93},[61,104819,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,104821,9310],{"class":93},[61,104823,3348],{"class":310},[61,104825,60263],{"class":314},[61,104827,3348],{"class":310},[61,104829,106],{"class":93},[61,104831,3343],{"class":310},[61,104833,60272],{"class":314},[61,104835,3348],{"class":310},[61,104837,106],{"class":93},[61,104839,3343],{"class":310},[61,104841,60281],{"class":314},[61,104843,3348],{"class":310},[61,104845,106],{"class":93},[61,104847,3343],{"class":310},[61,104849,60298],{"class":314},[61,104851,3348],{"class":310},[61,104853,1324],{"class":93},[61,104855,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,104857,9310],{"class":93},[61,104859,2175],{"class":75},[61,104861,106],{"class":93},[61,104863,5535],{"class":75},[61,104865,106],{"class":93},[61,104867,3040],{"class":75},[61,104869,106],{"class":93},[61,104871,1020],{"class":75},[61,104873,1324],{"class":93},[20,104875,104876,104877,229],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[221,104878,104879],{"href":64673},"Python list() function explained",[47,104881,104883],{"id":104882},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104885,98109],{},[52,104887,104888],{"className":54,"code":99074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,104889,104890,104900,104910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104891,104892,104894,104896,104898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104893,98119],{"class":67},[61,104895,72],{"class":71},[61,104897,15661],{"class":109},[61,104899,8676],{"class":93},[61,104901,104902,104904,104906,104908],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104903,90],{"class":89},[61,104905,94],{"class":93},[61,104907,98138],{"class":102},[61,104909,258],{"class":93},[61,104911,104912,104914,104916,104918,104920,104922],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,104913,90],{"class":89},[61,104915,94],{"class":93},[61,104917,657],{"class":109},[61,104919,94],{"class":93},[61,104921,98138],{"class":102},[61,104923,342],{"class":93},[20,104925,345],{},[52,104927,104928],{"className":54,"code":99117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,104929,104930,104936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104931,104932,104934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104933,6326],{"class":109},[61,104935,8676],{"class":93},[61,104937,104938,104940,104942,104944,104946,104948],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104939,3337],{"class":71},[61,104941,3340],{"class":882},[61,104943,3343],{"class":310},[61,104945,6326],{"class":314},[61,104947,3348],{"class":310},[61,104949,3351],{"class":71},[20,104951,104952],{},"This is important because:",[164,104954,104955,104960],{},[167,104956,104957,104959],{},[15,104958,3839],{}," creates an empty set",[167,104961,104962,104964,104965,104967],{},[15,104963,3834],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3784,104966,4670],{}," a set",[20,104969,295],{},[52,104971,104973],{"className":54,"code":104972,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104974,104975,104985,104993,104997,105011],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104976,104977,104979,104981,104983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104978,2602],{"class":67},[61,104980,72],{"class":71},[61,104982,15661],{"class":109},[61,104984,8676],{"class":93},[61,104986,104987,104989,104991],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,104988,2630],{"class":67},[61,104990,72],{"class":71},[61,104992,9869],{"class":93},[61,104994,104995],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,104996,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,104998,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,105000,90],{"class":89},[61,105002,94],{"class":93},[61,105004,657],{"class":109},[61,105006,94],{"class":93},[61,105008,221],{"class":102},[61,105010,342],{"class":93},[61,105012,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,105014,90],{"class":89},[61,105016,94],{"class":93},[61,105018,657],{"class":109},[61,105020,94],{"class":93},[61,105022,1101],{"class":102},[61,105024,342],{"class":93},[20,105026,345],{},[52,105028,105030],{"className":54,"code":105029,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105031,105032,105046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105033,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105035,3337],{"class":71},[61,105037,3340],{"class":882},[61,105039,3343],{"class":310},[61,105041,6326],{"class":314},[61,105043,3348],{"class":310},[61,105045,3351],{"class":71},[61,105047,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105049,3337],{"class":71},[61,105051,3340],{"class":882},[61,105053,3343],{"class":310},[61,105055,199],{"class":314},[61,105057,3348],{"class":310},[61,105059,3351],{"class":71},[20,105061,14075],{},[20,105063,105064,105065,229],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[221,105066,104321],{"href":96160},[47,105068,105070],{"id":105069},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[260,105072,105074],{"id":105073},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105076,105077,105078,229],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105079,3839],{},[52,105081,105083],{"className":54,"code":105082,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105084,105085,105117,105131,105135],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105086,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105088,3661],{"class":67},[61,105090,72],{"class":71},[61,105092,1088],{"class":93},[61,105094,3035],{"class":75},[61,105096,106],{"class":93},[61,105098,3040],{"class":75},[61,105100,106],{"class":93},[61,105102,3040],{"class":75},[61,105104,106],{"class":93},[61,105106,1020],{"class":75},[61,105108,106],{"class":93},[61,105110,1020],{"class":75},[61,105112,106],{"class":93},[61,105114,1020],{"class":75},[61,105116,1115],{"class":93},[61,105118,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105120,1593],{"class":67},[61,105122,72],{"class":71},[61,105124,15661],{"class":109},[61,105126,94],{"class":93},[61,105128,3691],{"class":102},[61,105130,258],{"class":93},[61,105132,105133],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,105134,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,105136,105137,105139,105141,105143],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,105138,90],{"class":89},[61,105140,94],{"class":93},[61,105142,1620],{"class":102},[61,105144,258],{"class":93},[20,105146,345],{},[52,105148,105149],{"className":54,"code":96436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105150,105151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105152,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105154,9310],{"class":93},[61,105156,3035],{"class":75},[61,105158,106],{"class":93},[61,105160,3040],{"class":75},[61,105162,106],{"class":93},[61,105164,1020],{"class":75},[61,105166,1324],{"class":93},[20,105168,105169,105170,229],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[221,105171,98907],{"href":105172},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[260,105174,105176],{"id":105175},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[52,105178,105180],{"className":54,"code":105179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105181,105182,105206,105220,105224],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105183,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105185,3865],{"class":67},[61,105187,72],{"class":71},[61,105189,572],{"class":93},[61,105191,2192],{"class":75},[61,105193,106],{"class":93},[61,105195,4644],{"class":75},[61,105197,106],{"class":93},[61,105199,6043],{"class":75},[61,105201,106],{"class":93},[61,105203,37964],{"class":75},[61,105205,258],{"class":93},[61,105207,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105209,1593],{"class":67},[61,105211,72],{"class":71},[61,105213,15661],{"class":109},[61,105215,94],{"class":93},[61,105217,5396],{"class":102},[61,105219,258],{"class":93},[61,105221,105222],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,105223,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,105225,105226,105228,105230,105232],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,105227,90],{"class":89},[61,105229,94],{"class":93},[61,105231,1620],{"class":102},[61,105233,258],{"class":93},[20,105235,345],{},[52,105237,105239],{"className":54,"code":105238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105240,105241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105242,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105244,9310],{"class":93},[61,105246,2192],{"class":75},[61,105248,106],{"class":93},[61,105250,6043],{"class":75},[61,105252,106],{"class":93},[61,105254,37964],{"class":75},[61,105256,1324],{"class":93},[260,105258,105260],{"id":105259},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105262,50949,105263,105265],{},[15,105264,3839],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[52,105267,105269],{"className":54,"code":105268,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105270,105271,105283,105297,105301],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105272,105273,105275,105277,105279,105281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105274,450],{"class":67},[61,105276,72],{"class":71},[61,105278,311],{"class":310},[61,105280,4127],{"class":314},[61,105282,318],{"class":310},[61,105284,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105286,1593],{"class":67},[61,105288,72],{"class":71},[61,105290,15661],{"class":109},[61,105292,94],{"class":93},[61,105294,476],{"class":102},[61,105296,258],{"class":93},[61,105298,105299],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,105300,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,105302,105303,105305,105307,105309],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,105304,90],{"class":89},[61,105306,94],{"class":93},[61,105308,1620],{"class":102},[61,105310,258],{"class":93},[20,105312,30057],{},[52,105314,105316],{"className":54,"code":105315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105317,105318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105319,105320,105322,105324,105326,105328,105330,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105321,9310],{"class":93},[61,105323,3348],{"class":310},[61,105325,1101],{"class":314},[61,105327,3348],{"class":310},[61,105329,106],{"class":93},[61,105331,3343],{"class":310},[61,105333,221],{"class":314},[61,105335,3348],{"class":310},[61,105337,106],{"class":93},[61,105339,3343],{"class":310},[61,105341,75856],{"class":314},[61,105343,3348],{"class":310},[61,105345,1324],{"class":93},[20,105347,105348],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[260,105350,105352],{"id":105351},"from-range","From range()",[52,105354,105356],{"className":54,"code":105355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105357,105358,105376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105359,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105361,1593],{"class":67},[61,105363,72],{"class":71},[61,105365,15661],{"class":109},[61,105367,94],{"class":93},[61,105369,59823],{"class":89},[61,105371,94],{"class":93},[61,105373,2192],{"class":75},[61,105375,342],{"class":93},[61,105377,105378,105380,105382,105384],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105379,90],{"class":89},[61,105381,94],{"class":93},[61,105383,1620],{"class":102},[61,105385,258],{"class":93},[20,105387,345],{},[52,105389,105391],{"className":54,"code":105390,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105392,105393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105394,105395,105397,105399,105401,105403,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105396,9310],{"class":93},[61,105398,2175],{"class":75},[61,105400,106],{"class":93},[61,105402,5535],{"class":75},[61,105404,106],{"class":93},[61,105406,3040],{"class":75},[61,105408,106],{"class":93},[61,105410,1020],{"class":75},[61,105412,106],{"class":93},[61,105414,2505],{"class":75},[61,105416,1324],{"class":93},[47,105418,105420],{"id":105419},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105422,99354,105423,229],{},[3784,105424,96200],{},[20,105426,105427],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105429,99360],{},[164,105431,105432,105436,105440,105444],{},[167,105433,105434],{},[15,105435,189],{},[167,105437,105438],{},[15,105439,185],{},[167,105441,105442],{},[15,105443,2245],{},[167,105445,105446,105448],{},[15,105447,195],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105450,295],{},[52,105452,105454],{"className":54,"code":105453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105455,105456,105487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105457,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468,105470,105472,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105459,7814],{"class":67},[61,105461,72],{"class":71},[61,105463,1305],{"class":93},[61,105465,3035],{"class":75},[61,105467,106],{"class":93},[61,105469,311],{"class":310},[61,105471,457],{"class":314},[61,105473,1010],{"class":310},[61,105475,106],{"class":93},[61,105477,572],{"class":93},[61,105479,2379],{"class":75},[61,105481,106],{"class":93},[61,105483,7825],{"class":75},[61,105485,105486],{"class":93},")}\n",[61,105488,105489,105491,105493,105495],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105490,90],{"class":89},[61,105492,94],{"class":93},[61,105494,7845],{"class":102},[61,105496,258],{"class":93},[20,105498,99422,105499,105501],{},[3784,105500,4670],{}," work inside a set:",[164,105503,105504,105508,105512],{},[167,105505,105506],{},[15,105507,192],{},[167,105509,105510],{},[15,105511,199],{},[167,105513,105514],{},[15,105515,6326],{},[20,105517,96925],{},[52,105519,105521],{"className":54,"code":105520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105522,105523],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105524,105525,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105526,99441],{"class":67},[61,105528,72],{"class":71},[61,105530,99446],{"class":93},[61,105532,3035],{"class":75},[61,105534,106],{"class":93},[61,105536,3040],{"class":75},[61,105538,18089],{"class":93},[61,105540,1088],{"class":93},[61,105542,1046],{"class":75},[61,105544,106],{"class":93},[61,105546,2505],{"class":75},[61,105548,13732],{"class":93},[20,105550,76684,105551,105553],{},[15,105552,1382],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105555,105556],{},"A safer example:",[52,105558,105560],{"className":54,"code":105559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105561,105562,105590],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105563,105564,105567,105569,105572,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105565,105566],{"class":67},"good_set ",[61,105568,72],{"class":71},[61,105570,105571],{"class":93}," {(",[61,105573,3035],{"class":75},[61,105575,106],{"class":93},[61,105577,3040],{"class":75},[61,105579,9266],{"class":93},[61,105581,572],{"class":93},[61,105583,1046],{"class":75},[61,105585,106],{"class":93},[61,105587,2505],{"class":75},[61,105589,105486],{"class":93},[61,105591,105592,105594,105596,105599],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105593,90],{"class":89},[61,105595,94],{"class":93},[61,105597,105598],{"class":102},"good_set",[61,105600,258],{"class":93},[20,105602,345],{},[52,105604,105606],{"className":54,"code":105605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105607,105608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105609,105610,105613,105615,105617,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105611,105612],{"class":93},"{(",[61,105614,3035],{"class":75},[61,105616,106],{"class":93},[61,105618,3040],{"class":75},[61,105620,9266],{"class":93},[61,105622,572],{"class":93},[61,105624,1046],{"class":75},[61,105626,106],{"class":93},[61,105628,2505],{"class":75},[61,105630,105486],{"class":93},[47,105632,105634],{"id":105633},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105636,143,105637,10630],{},[15,105638,3839],{},[164,105640,105641,105644,105649,105652],{},[167,105642,105643],{},"you need unique values only",[167,105645,105646,105647],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105648,3924],{},[167,105650,105651],{},"order does not matter",[167,105653,105654],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105656,105657],{},"Example of membership checking:",[52,105659,105661],{"className":54,"code":105660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105662,105663,105688,105692,105708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105664,105665,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678,105681,105683,105686],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105666,105667],{"class":67},"allowed_ids ",[61,105669,72],{"class":71},[61,105671,15661],{"class":109},[61,105673,3032],{"class":93},[61,105675,46606],{"class":75},[61,105677,106],{"class":93},[61,105679,105680],{"class":75}," 102",[61,105682,106],{"class":93},[61,105684,105685],{"class":75}," 103",[61,105687,1365],{"class":93},[61,105689,105690],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105691,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,105693,105694,105696,105698,105701,105703,105706],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,105695,90],{"class":89},[61,105697,94],{"class":93},[61,105699,105700],{"class":75},"102",[61,105702,21201],{"class":672},[61,105704,105705],{"class":102}," allowed_ids",[61,105707,258],{"class":93},[61,105709,105710,105712,105714,105717,105719,105721],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,105711,90],{"class":89},[61,105713,94],{"class":93},[61,105715,105716],{"class":75},"999",[61,105718,21201],{"class":672},[61,105720,105705],{"class":102},[61,105722,258],{"class":93},[20,105724,345],{},[52,105726,105727],{"className":54,"code":425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105728,105729,105733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105730,105731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105732,348],{"class":355},[61,105734,105735],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105736,436],{"class":355},[20,105738,105739],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[47,105741,105743],{"id":105742},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105745,105746],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[260,105748,143,105750,98051],{"id":105749},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105751,3839],{},[52,105753,105754],{"className":54,"code":98112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105755,105756,105766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105757,105758,105760,105762,105764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105759,98119],{"class":67},[61,105761,72],{"class":71},[61,105763,15661],{"class":109},[61,105765,8676],{"class":93},[61,105767,105768,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105769,90],{"class":89},[61,105771,94],{"class":93},[61,105773,657],{"class":109},[61,105775,94],{"class":93},[61,105777,98138],{"class":102},[61,105779,342],{"class":93},[20,105781,345],{},[52,105783,105784],{"className":54,"code":8885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105785,105786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105787,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105789,3337],{"class":71},[61,105791,3340],{"class":882},[61,105793,3343],{"class":310},[61,105795,6326],{"class":314},[61,105797,3348],{"class":310},[61,105799,3351],{"class":71},[260,105801,143,105803,105805],{"id":105802},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105804,100111],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[52,105807,105809],{"className":54,"code":105808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105810,105811,105831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105812,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105814,3661],{"class":67},[61,105816,72],{"class":71},[61,105818,1305],{"class":93},[61,105820,3035],{"class":75},[61,105822,106],{"class":93},[61,105824,3040],{"class":75},[61,105826,106],{"class":93},[61,105828,1020],{"class":75},[61,105830,1324],{"class":93},[61,105832,105833,105835,105837,105839,105841,105843],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105834,90],{"class":89},[61,105836,94],{"class":93},[61,105838,657],{"class":109},[61,105840,94],{"class":93},[61,105842,3691],{"class":102},[61,105844,342],{"class":93},[20,105846,345],{},[52,105848,105849],{"className":54,"code":8885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105850,105851],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105852,105853,105855,105857,105859,105861,105863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105854,3337],{"class":71},[61,105856,3340],{"class":882},[61,105858,3343],{"class":310},[61,105860,6326],{"class":314},[61,105862,3348],{"class":310},[61,105864,3351],{"class":71},[260,105866,143,105868,105870],{"id":105867},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105869,3834],{}," for an empty dictionary",[52,105872,105874],{"className":54,"code":105873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105875,105876,105885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105877,105878,105881,105883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105879,105880],{"class":67},"empty_dict ",[61,105882,72],{"class":71},[61,105884,9869],{"class":93},[61,105886,105887,105889,105891,105893,105895,105898],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105888,90],{"class":89},[61,105890,94],{"class":93},[61,105892,657],{"class":109},[61,105894,94],{"class":93},[61,105896,105897],{"class":102},"empty_dict",[61,105899,342],{"class":93},[20,105901,345],{},[52,105903,105904],{"className":54,"code":8842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105905,105906],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105907,105908,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105909,3337],{"class":71},[61,105911,3340],{"class":882},[61,105913,3343],{"class":310},[61,105915,199],{"class":314},[61,105917,3348],{"class":310},[61,105919,3351],{"class":71},[20,105921,105922],{},"So the rule is simple:",[164,105924,105925,105930,105935],{},[167,105926,105927,105929],{},[15,105928,3839],{}," → empty set",[167,105931,105932,105934],{},[15,105933,100111],{}," → non-empty set",[167,105936,105937,105939],{},[15,105938,3834],{}," → empty dictionary",[47,105941,2878],{"id":2877},[20,105943,105944,105945,229],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105946,3839],{},[260,105948,8449,105949,99709],{"id":99706},[15,105950,3834],{},[20,105952,105953],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[52,105955,105956],{"className":54,"code":99715,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,105957,105958,105966],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105959,105960,105962,105964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105961,68],{"class":67},[61,105963,72],{"class":71},[61,105965,9869],{"class":93},[61,105967,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,105969,90],{"class":89},[61,105971,94],{"class":93},[61,105973,657],{"class":109},[61,105975,94],{"class":93},[61,105977,103],{"class":102},[61,105979,342],{"class":93},[260,105981,105983,105984],{"id":105982},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105985,105986],{},"set(5)",[20,105988,105989,105991],{},[15,105990,3839],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[52,105993,105995],{"className":54,"code":105994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set(5)\n",[15,105996,105997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105998,105999,106001,106003,106005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106000,6326],{"class":109},[61,106002,94],{"class":93},[61,106004,2192],{"class":75},[61,106006,258],{"class":93},[20,106008,3049,106009,106011,106012,229],{},[15,106010,1382],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[221,106013,106015],{"href":106014},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[260,106017,106019],{"id":106018},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106021,106022],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[52,106024,106026],{"className":54,"code":106025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106027,106028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106029,106030,106032,106034,106036,106038,106040,106042,106044,106046,106048,106050,106052],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106031,68],{"class":67},[61,106033,72],{"class":71},[61,106035,99446],{"class":93},[61,106037,3035],{"class":75},[61,106039,106],{"class":93},[61,106041,3040],{"class":75},[61,106043,18089],{"class":93},[61,106045,1088],{"class":93},[61,106047,1046],{"class":75},[61,106049,106],{"class":93},[61,106051,2505],{"class":75},[61,106053,13732],{"class":93},[260,106055,8485,106057,106059],{"id":106056},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106058,3839],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106061,106062],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[260,106064,37232,106066,8738,106068,31,106070],{"id":106065},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106067,3839],{},[15,106069,24809],{},[15,106071,9153],{},[20,106073,106074],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[47,106076,60535],{"id":60534},[20,106078,11142],{},[52,106080,106082],{"className":54,"code":106081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106083,106084,106099,106109,106123],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106085,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106087,90],{"class":89},[61,106089,94],{"class":93},[61,106091,657],{"class":109},[61,106093,94],{"class":93},[61,106095,106096],{"class":102},"my_value",[61,106098,342],{"class":93},[61,106100,106101,106103,106105,106107],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,106102,90],{"class":89},[61,106104,94],{"class":93},[61,106106,106096],{"class":102},[61,106108,258],{"class":93},[61,106110,106111,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,106112,90],{"class":89},[61,106114,94],{"class":93},[61,106116,192],{"class":109},[61,106118,94],{"class":93},[61,106120,15694],{"class":102},[61,106122,342],{"class":93},[61,106124,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,106126,90],{"class":89},[61,106128,94],{"class":93},[61,106130,11191],{"class":89},[61,106132,94],{"class":93},[61,106134,15694],{"class":102},[61,106136,342],{"class":93},[20,106138,106139],{},"What they help you see:",[164,106141,106142,106148,106153,106159],{},[167,106143,106144,106147],{},[15,106145,106146],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[167,106149,106150,90375],{},[15,106151,106152],{},"print(my_value)",[167,106154,106155,106158],{},[15,106156,106157],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[167,106160,106161,106164],{},[15,106162,106163],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[47,106166,1879],{"id":1878},[260,106168,106170],{"id":106169},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106172,106173],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[260,106175,106177],{"id":106176},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106179,143,106180,106182,106183,106185],{},[15,106181,3839],{},". Do not use ",[15,106184,3834],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[260,106187,106189],{"id":106188},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106191,106192],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[260,106194,106196],{"id":106195},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106198,106199],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106201,295],{},[52,106203,106205],{"className":54,"code":106204,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106206,106207],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106208,106209,106211,106213,106215,106217,106219,106221,106223],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106210,90],{"class":89},[61,106212,94],{"class":93},[61,106214,6326],{"class":109},[61,106216,94],{"class":93},[61,106218,1010],{"class":310},[61,106220,4118],{"class":314},[61,106222,1010],{"class":310},[61,106224,342],{"class":93},[20,106226,30057],{},[52,106228,106230],{"className":54,"code":106229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106231,106232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106233,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106235,9310],{"class":93},[61,106237,3348],{"class":310},[61,106239,221],{"class":314},[61,106241,3348],{"class":310},[61,106243,106],{"class":93},[61,106245,3343],{"class":310},[61,106247,20],{"class":314},[61,106249,3348],{"class":310},[61,106251,106],{"class":93},[61,106253,3343],{"class":310},[61,106255,60281],{"class":314},[61,106257,3348],{"class":310},[61,106259,106],{"class":93},[61,106261,3343],{"class":310},[61,106263,60272],{"class":314},[61,106265,3348],{"class":310},[61,106267,1324],{"class":93},[260,106269,5196,106271,106274],{"id":106270},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106272,106273],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106276,106277,28712,106279,106282],{},[15,106278,3839],{},[3784,106280,106281],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106284,106285],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[52,106287,106289],{"className":54,"code":106288,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106290,106291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106292,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106294,90],{"class":89},[61,106296,94],{"class":93},[61,106298,6326],{"class":109},[61,106300,3032],{"class":93},[61,106302,3035],{"class":75},[61,106304,106],{"class":93},[61,106306,3040],{"class":75},[61,106308,106],{"class":93},[61,106310,1020],{"class":75},[61,106312,106],{"class":93},[61,106314,2505],{"class":75},[61,106316,1518],{"class":93},[47,106318,1938],{"id":1937},[164,106320,106321,106325,106329,106333,106337],{},[167,106322,106323],{},[221,106324,96157],{"href":96156},[167,106326,106327],{},[221,106328,104321],{"href":96160},[167,106330,106331],{},[221,106332,100173],{"href":105172},[167,106334,106335],{},[221,106336,104879],{"href":64673},[167,106338,106339],{},[221,106340,106015],{"href":106014},[1969,106342,106343],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":106345},[106346,106347,106348,106349,106350,106356,106357,106358,106366,106376,106377,106385],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":104497,"depth":79,"text":104498},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":104882,"depth":79,"text":104883},{"id":105069,"depth":79,"text":105070,"children":106351},[106352,106353,106354,106355],{"id":105073,"depth":86,"text":105074},{"id":105175,"depth":86,"text":105176},{"id":105259,"depth":86,"text":105260},{"id":105351,"depth":86,"text":105352},{"id":105419,"depth":79,"text":105420},{"id":105633,"depth":79,"text":105634},{"id":105742,"depth":79,"text":105743,"children":106359},[106360,106362,106364],{"id":105749,"depth":86,"text":106361},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105802,"depth":86,"text":106363},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105867,"depth":86,"text":106365},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":106367},[106368,106369,106371,106372,106374],{"id":99706,"depth":86,"text":100214},{"id":105982,"depth":86,"text":106370},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106018,"depth":86,"text":106019},{"id":106056,"depth":86,"text":106373},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106065,"depth":86,"text":106375},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60534,"depth":79,"text":60535},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":106378},[106379,106380,106381,106382,106383],{"id":106169,"depth":86,"text":106170},{"id":106176,"depth":86,"text":106177},{"id":106188,"depth":86,"text":106189},{"id":106195,"depth":86,"text":106196},{"id":106270,"depth":86,"text":106384},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104379,"description":106386},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106393,"title":106394,"body":106395,"description":107910,"extension":2017,"meta":107911,"navigation":82,"path":107912,"seo":107913,"stem":107914,"__hash__":107915},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106396,"toc":107886},[106397,106403,106408,106411,106494,106499,106504,106509,106511,106524,106528,106530,106549,106552,106575,106578,106589,106591,106672,106674,106691,106693,106699,106702,106797,106799,106830,106832,106840,106842,106845,106956,106958,106983,106985,107007,107012,107017,107023,107132,107134,107150,107153,107156,107239,107241,107258,107266,107268,107272,107278,107369,107371,107404,107409,107416,107493,107495,107512,107518,107520,107524,107540,107543,107569,107571,107632,107634,107757,107759,107810,107816,107818,107823,107825,107831,107834,107838,107841,107845,107848,107858,107860,107883],[10,106398,13,106400,11352],{"id":106399},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106401,106402],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106404,2034,106405,106407],{},[15,106406,106402],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106409,106410],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[52,106412,106414],{"className":54,"code":106413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106415,106416,106436,106456,106460,106479,106489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106417,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106419,2602],{"class":67},[61,106421,72],{"class":71},[61,106423,1305],{"class":93},[61,106425,3035],{"class":75},[61,106427,106],{"class":93},[61,106429,3040],{"class":75},[61,106431,106],{"class":93},[61,106433,1020],{"class":75},[61,106435,1324],{"class":93},[61,106437,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,106439,2630],{"class":67},[61,106441,72],{"class":71},[61,106443,1305],{"class":93},[61,106445,2113],{"class":75},[61,106447,106],{"class":93},[61,106449,1020],{"class":75},[61,106451,106],{"class":93},[61,106453,2505],{"class":75},[61,106455,1324],{"class":93},[61,106457,106458],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,106459,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,106461,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470,106473,106475,106477],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,106463,1593],{"class":67},[61,106465,72],{"class":71},[61,106467,56711],{"class":67},[61,106469,229],{"class":93},[61,106471,106472],{"class":102},"intersection",[61,106474,94],{"class":93},[61,106476,1101],{"class":102},[61,106478,258],{"class":93},[61,106480,106481,106483,106485,106487],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,106482,90],{"class":89},[61,106484,94],{"class":93},[61,106486,1620],{"class":102},[61,106488,258],{"class":93},[61,106490,106491],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,106492,106493],{"class":116},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106495,143,106496,106498],{},[15,106497,102620],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[47,106500,13022,106502,13025],{"id":106501},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106503,102620],{},[20,106505,106506,106508],{},[15,106507,102620],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106510,13078],{},[164,106512,106513,106516,106518,106521],{},[167,106514,106515],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[167,106517,100390],{},[167,106519,106520],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[167,106522,106523],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106525,96153,106526,229],{},[221,106527,96157],{"href":96156},[47,106529,233],{"id":232},[52,106531,106533],{"className":54,"code":106532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106534,106535],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106536,106537,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106538,100414],{"class":67},[61,106540,229],{"class":93},[61,106542,106472],{"class":102},[61,106544,94],{"class":93},[61,106546,100423],{"class":102},[61,106548,258],{"class":93},[20,106550,106551],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[52,106553,106555],{"className":54,"code":106554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106556,106557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106558,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571,106573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106560,100414],{"class":67},[61,106562,229],{"class":93},[61,106564,106472],{"class":102},[61,106566,94],{"class":93},[61,106568,100423],{"class":102},[61,106570,106],{"class":93},[61,106572,100450],{"class":102},[61,106574,258],{"class":93},[20,106576,106577],{},"Important notes:",[164,106579,106580,106583,106586],{},[167,106581,106582],{},"The result is always a new set",[167,106584,106585],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[167,106587,106588],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106590,295],{},[52,106592,106594],{"className":54,"code":106593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106595,106596,106620,106640,106644,106662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106597,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106599,2602],{"class":67},[61,106601,72],{"class":71},[61,106603,1305],{"class":93},[61,106605,3035],{"class":75},[61,106607,106],{"class":93},[61,106609,3040],{"class":75},[61,106611,106],{"class":93},[61,106613,1020],{"class":75},[61,106615,106],{"class":93},[61,106617,2505],{"class":75},[61,106619,1324],{"class":93},[61,106621,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,106623,2630],{"class":67},[61,106625,72],{"class":71},[61,106627,1305],{"class":93},[61,106629,1046],{"class":75},[61,106631,106],{"class":93},[61,106633,2505],{"class":75},[61,106635,106],{"class":93},[61,106637,4644],{"class":75},[61,106639,1324],{"class":93},[61,106641,106642],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,106643,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,106645,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,106647,1593],{"class":67},[61,106649,72],{"class":71},[61,106651,56711],{"class":67},[61,106653,229],{"class":93},[61,106655,106472],{"class":102},[61,106657,94],{"class":93},[61,106659,1101],{"class":102},[61,106661,258],{"class":93},[61,106663,106664,106666,106668,106670],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,106665,90],{"class":89},[61,106667,94],{"class":93},[61,106669,1620],{"class":102},[61,106671,258],{"class":93},[20,106673,345],{},[52,106675,106677],{"className":54,"code":106676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106678,106679],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106680,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106682,9310],{"class":93},[61,106684,1046],{"class":75},[61,106686,106],{"class":93},[61,106688,2505],{"class":75},[61,106690,1324],{"class":93},[47,106692,17445],{"id":17444},[20,106694,106695,22003,106697,229],{},[15,106696,102620],{},[3784,106698,6326],{},[20,106700,106701],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[52,106703,106705],{"className":54,"code":106704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106706,106707,106727,106747,106751,106769,106773,106783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106710,2602],{"class":67},[61,106712,72],{"class":71},[61,106714,1305],{"class":93},[61,106716,3035],{"class":75},[61,106718,106],{"class":93},[61,106720,3040],{"class":75},[61,106722,106],{"class":93},[61,106724,1020],{"class":75},[61,106726,1324],{"class":93},[61,106728,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741,106743,106745],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,106730,2630],{"class":67},[61,106732,72],{"class":71},[61,106734,1305],{"class":93},[61,106736,2113],{"class":75},[61,106738,106],{"class":93},[61,106740,1020],{"class":75},[61,106742,106],{"class":93},[61,106744,2505],{"class":75},[61,106746,1324],{"class":93},[61,106748,106749],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,106750,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,106752,106753,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,106754,1593],{"class":67},[61,106756,72],{"class":71},[61,106758,56711],{"class":67},[61,106760,229],{"class":93},[61,106762,106472],{"class":102},[61,106764,94],{"class":93},[61,106766,1101],{"class":102},[61,106768,258],{"class":93},[61,106770,106771],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,106772,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,106774,106775,106777,106779,106781],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,106776,90],{"class":89},[61,106778,94],{"class":93},[61,106780,1620],{"class":102},[61,106782,258],{"class":93},[61,106784,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,106786,90],{"class":89},[61,106788,94],{"class":93},[61,106790,657],{"class":109},[61,106792,94],{"class":93},[61,106794,1620],{"class":102},[61,106796,342],{"class":93},[20,106798,345],{},[52,106800,106802],{"className":54,"code":106801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106803,106804,106816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106805,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106807,9310],{"class":93},[61,106809,2113],{"class":75},[61,106811,106],{"class":93},[61,106813,1020],{"class":75},[61,106815,1324],{"class":93},[61,106817,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826,106828],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,106819,3337],{"class":71},[61,106821,3340],{"class":882},[61,106823,3343],{"class":310},[61,106825,6326],{"class":314},[61,106827,3348],{"class":310},[61,106829,3351],{"class":71},[20,106831,85638],{},[164,106833,106834,106837],{},[167,106835,106836],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[167,106838,106839],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[47,106841,359],{"id":358},[20,106843,106844],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[52,106846,106848],{"className":54,"code":106847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106849,106850,106883,106916,106920,106941,106945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106851,106852,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106853,106854],{"class":67},"colors1 ",[61,106856,72],{"class":71},[61,106858,1305],{"class":93},[61,106860,1010],{"class":310},[61,106862,13119],{"class":314},[61,106864,1010],{"class":310},[61,106866,106],{"class":93},[61,106868,311],{"class":310},[61,106870,13136],{"class":314},[61,106872,1010],{"class":310},[61,106874,106],{"class":93},[61,106876,311],{"class":310},[61,106878,17482],{"class":314},[61,106880,1010],{"class":310},[61,106882,1324],{"class":93},[61,106884,106885,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,106886,106887],{"class":67},"colors2 ",[61,106889,72],{"class":71},[61,106891,1305],{"class":93},[61,106893,1010],{"class":310},[61,106895,17482],{"class":314},[61,106897,1010],{"class":310},[61,106899,106],{"class":93},[61,106901,311],{"class":310},[61,106903,22552],{"class":314},[61,106905,1010],{"class":310},[61,106907,106],{"class":93},[61,106909,311],{"class":310},[61,106911,13136],{"class":314},[61,106913,1010],{"class":310},[61,106915,1324],{"class":93},[61,106917,106918],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,106919,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,106921,106922,106925,106927,106930,106932,106934,106936,106939],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,106923,106924],{"class":67},"common_colors ",[61,106926,72],{"class":71},[61,106928,106929],{"class":67}," colors1",[61,106931,229],{"class":93},[61,106933,106472],{"class":102},[61,106935,94],{"class":93},[61,106937,106938],{"class":102},"colors2",[61,106940,258],{"class":93},[61,106942,106943],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,106944,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,106946,106947,106949,106951,106954],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,106948,90],{"class":89},[61,106950,94],{"class":93},[61,106952,106953],{"class":102},"common_colors",[61,106955,258],{"class":93},[20,106957,345],{},[52,106959,106961],{"className":54,"code":106960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106962,106963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106964,106965,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106966,9310],{"class":93},[61,106968,3348],{"class":310},[61,106970,13136],{"class":314},[61,106972,3348],{"class":310},[61,106974,106],{"class":93},[61,106976,3343],{"class":310},[61,106978,17482],{"class":314},[61,106980,3348],{"class":310},[61,106982,1324],{"class":93},[20,106984,11710],{},[164,106986,106987,106993,106997,107002],{},[167,106988,106989,106992],{},[15,106990,106991],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[167,106994,106995,106992],{},[15,106996,106938],{},[167,106998,106999,107001],{},[15,107000,102620],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[167,107003,107004,107005],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107006,106953],{},[47,107008,8449,107010,100987],{"id":107009},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107011,102620],{},[20,107013,107014,107015,229],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107016,102620],{},[20,107018,107019,107020,107022],{},"Only the values found in ",[3784,107021,3756],{}," inputs will be kept.",[52,107024,107026],{"className":54,"code":107025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107027,107028,107052,107076,107096,107100,107122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107029,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107031,2602],{"class":67},[61,107033,72],{"class":71},[61,107035,1305],{"class":93},[61,107037,3035],{"class":75},[61,107039,106],{"class":93},[61,107041,3040],{"class":75},[61,107043,106],{"class":93},[61,107045,1020],{"class":75},[61,107047,106],{"class":93},[61,107049,2505],{"class":75},[61,107051,1324],{"class":93},[61,107053,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107055,2630],{"class":67},[61,107057,72],{"class":71},[61,107059,1305],{"class":93},[61,107061,2113],{"class":75},[61,107063,106],{"class":93},[61,107065,1020],{"class":75},[61,107067,106],{"class":93},[61,107069,2505],{"class":75},[61,107071,106],{"class":93},[61,107073,4644],{"class":75},[61,107075,1324],{"class":93},[61,107077,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,107079,83012],{"class":67},[61,107081,72],{"class":71},[61,107083,1305],{"class":93},[61,107085,1046],{"class":75},[61,107087,106],{"class":93},[61,107089,2505],{"class":75},[61,107091,106],{"class":93},[61,107093,37672],{"class":75},[61,107095,1324],{"class":93},[61,107097,107098],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,107099,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107101,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,107103,1593],{"class":67},[61,107105,72],{"class":71},[61,107107,56711],{"class":67},[61,107109,229],{"class":93},[61,107111,106472],{"class":102},[61,107113,94],{"class":93},[61,107115,1101],{"class":102},[61,107117,106],{"class":93},[61,107119,9713],{"class":102},[61,107121,258],{"class":93},[61,107123,107124,107126,107128,107130],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,107125,90],{"class":89},[61,107127,94],{"class":93},[61,107129,1620],{"class":102},[61,107131,258],{"class":93},[20,107133,345],{},[52,107135,107136],{"className":54,"code":106676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,107137,107138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107139,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107141,9310],{"class":93},[61,107143,1046],{"class":75},[61,107145,106],{"class":93},[61,107147,2505],{"class":75},[61,107149,1324],{"class":93},[20,107151,107152],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107154,107155],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[52,107157,107159],{"className":54,"code":107158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107160,107161,107185,107189,107229],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107162,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107164,2602],{"class":67},[61,107166,72],{"class":71},[61,107168,1305],{"class":93},[61,107170,3035],{"class":75},[61,107172,106],{"class":93},[61,107174,3040],{"class":75},[61,107176,106],{"class":93},[61,107178,1020],{"class":75},[61,107180,106],{"class":93},[61,107182,2505],{"class":75},[61,107184,1324],{"class":93},[61,107186,107187],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107188,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107190,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,107192,1593],{"class":67},[61,107194,72],{"class":71},[61,107196,56711],{"class":67},[61,107198,229],{"class":93},[61,107200,106472],{"class":102},[61,107202,3032],{"class":93},[61,107204,2113],{"class":75},[61,107206,106],{"class":93},[61,107208,2505],{"class":75},[61,107210,106],{"class":93},[61,107212,37672],{"class":75},[61,107214,18089],{"class":93},[61,107216,572],{"class":93},[61,107218,3035],{"class":75},[61,107220,106],{"class":93},[61,107222,3040],{"class":75},[61,107224,106],{"class":93},[61,107226,2505],{"class":75},[61,107228,342],{"class":93},[61,107230,107231,107233,107235,107237],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,107232,90],{"class":89},[61,107234,94],{"class":93},[61,107236,1620],{"class":102},[61,107238,258],{"class":93},[20,107240,345],{},[52,107242,107244],{"className":54,"code":107243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107245,107246],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107247,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107249,9310],{"class":93},[61,107251,2113],{"class":75},[61,107253,106],{"class":93},[61,107255,2505],{"class":75},[61,107257,1324],{"class":93},[47,107259,107261,741,107263],{"id":107260},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107262,102620],{},[15,107264,107265],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107267,101157],{},[260,107269,107270],{"id":106472},[15,107271,102620],{},[164,107273,107274,107276],{},[167,107275,101166],{},[167,107277,101169],{},[52,107279,107281],{"className":54,"code":107280,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107282,107283,107303,107323,107327,107345,107349,107359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107284,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107286,2602],{"class":67},[61,107288,72],{"class":71},[61,107290,1305],{"class":93},[61,107292,3035],{"class":75},[61,107294,106],{"class":93},[61,107296,3040],{"class":75},[61,107298,106],{"class":93},[61,107300,1020],{"class":75},[61,107302,1324],{"class":93},[61,107304,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107306,2630],{"class":67},[61,107308,72],{"class":71},[61,107310,1305],{"class":93},[61,107312,2113],{"class":75},[61,107314,106],{"class":93},[61,107316,1020],{"class":75},[61,107318,106],{"class":93},[61,107320,2505],{"class":75},[61,107322,1324],{"class":93},[61,107324,107325],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,107326,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107328,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,107330,1593],{"class":67},[61,107332,72],{"class":71},[61,107334,56711],{"class":67},[61,107336,229],{"class":93},[61,107338,106472],{"class":102},[61,107340,94],{"class":93},[61,107342,1101],{"class":102},[61,107344,258],{"class":93},[61,107346,107347],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,107348,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107350,107351,107353,107355,107357],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,107352,90],{"class":89},[61,107354,94],{"class":93},[61,107356,221],{"class":102},[61,107358,258],{"class":93},[61,107360,107361,107363,107365,107367],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,107362,90],{"class":89},[61,107364,94],{"class":93},[61,107366,1620],{"class":102},[61,107368,258],{"class":93},[20,107370,345],{},[52,107372,107374],{"className":54,"code":107373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107375,107376,107392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107377,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107379,9310],{"class":93},[61,107381,3035],{"class":75},[61,107383,106],{"class":93},[61,107385,3040],{"class":75},[61,107387,106],{"class":93},[61,107389,1020],{"class":75},[61,107391,1324],{"class":93},[61,107393,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107395,9310],{"class":93},[61,107397,2113],{"class":75},[61,107399,106],{"class":93},[61,107401,1020],{"class":75},[61,107403,1324],{"class":93},[260,107405,107407],{"id":107406},"intersection_update",[15,107408,107265],{},[164,107410,107411,107413],{},[167,107412,101309],{},[167,107414,107415],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[52,107417,107419],{"className":54,"code":107418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107420,107421,107441,107461,107465,107479,107483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107422,107423,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437,107439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107424,2602],{"class":67},[61,107426,72],{"class":71},[61,107428,1305],{"class":93},[61,107430,3035],{"class":75},[61,107432,106],{"class":93},[61,107434,3040],{"class":75},[61,107436,106],{"class":93},[61,107438,1020],{"class":75},[61,107440,1324],{"class":93},[61,107442,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107444,2630],{"class":67},[61,107446,72],{"class":71},[61,107448,1305],{"class":93},[61,107450,2113],{"class":75},[61,107452,106],{"class":93},[61,107454,1020],{"class":75},[61,107456,106],{"class":93},[61,107458,2505],{"class":75},[61,107460,1324],{"class":93},[61,107462,107463],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,107464,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107466,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475,107477],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,107468,221],{"class":67},[61,107470,229],{"class":93},[61,107472,107406],{"class":102},[61,107474,94],{"class":93},[61,107476,1101],{"class":102},[61,107478,258],{"class":93},[61,107480,107481],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,107482,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107484,107485,107487,107489,107491],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,107486,90],{"class":89},[61,107488,94],{"class":93},[61,107490,221],{"class":102},[61,107492,258],{"class":93},[20,107494,345],{},[52,107496,107498],{"className":54,"code":107497,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107499,107500],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107501,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107503,9310],{"class":93},[61,107505,2113],{"class":75},[61,107507,106],{"class":93},[61,107509,1020],{"class":75},[61,107511,1324],{"class":93},[20,107513,107514,107515,107517],{},"Choose ",[15,107516,102620],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[47,107519,1387],{"id":1386},[20,107521,14760,107522,1314],{},[15,107523,102620],{},[164,107525,107526,107529,107532,107535],{},[167,107527,107528],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[167,107530,107531],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[167,107533,107534],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[167,107536,107537,107538],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107539,102620],{},[20,107541,107542],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[164,107544,107545,107550,107553,107566],{},[167,107546,8449,107547,107549],{},[15,107548,102620],{}," when order matters",[167,107551,107552],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[167,107554,37232,107555,8738,107557,31,107562],{},[15,107556,102620],{},[221,107558,107560],{"href":107559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107561,102628],{},[221,107563,107564],{"href":102669},[15,107565,100243],{},[167,107567,107568],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107570,30163],{},[52,107572,107574],{"className":54,"code":107573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107575,107576,107586,107600,107618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107577,107578,107580,107582,107584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107579,90],{"class":89},[61,107581,94],{"class":93},[61,107583,15694],{"class":102},[61,107585,258],{"class":93},[61,107587,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107589,90],{"class":89},[61,107591,94],{"class":93},[61,107593,657],{"class":109},[61,107595,94],{"class":93},[61,107597,1620],{"class":102},[61,107599,342],{"class":93},[61,107601,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612,107614,107616],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,107603,90],{"class":89},[61,107605,94],{"class":93},[61,107607,100414],{"class":102},[61,107609,229],{"class":93},[61,107611,106472],{"class":102},[61,107613,94],{"class":93},[61,107615,100423],{"class":102},[61,107617,342],{"class":93},[61,107619,107620,107622,107624,107626,107628,107630],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,107621,90],{"class":89},[61,107623,94],{"class":93},[61,107625,11191],{"class":89},[61,107627,94],{"class":93},[61,107629,1620],{"class":102},[61,107631,342],{"class":93},[20,107633,295],{},[52,107635,107637],{"className":54,"code":107636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107638,107639,107663,107683,107687,107705,107709,107719,107729,107743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107640,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107642,3661],{"class":67},[61,107644,72],{"class":71},[61,107646,1305],{"class":93},[61,107648,3035],{"class":75},[61,107650,106],{"class":93},[61,107652,3040],{"class":75},[61,107654,106],{"class":93},[61,107656,3040],{"class":75},[61,107658,106],{"class":93},[61,107660,1020],{"class":75},[61,107662,1324],{"class":93},[61,107664,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107666,43572],{"class":67},[61,107668,72],{"class":71},[61,107670,1305],{"class":93},[61,107672,2113],{"class":75},[61,107674,106],{"class":93},[61,107676,1020],{"class":75},[61,107678,106],{"class":93},[61,107680,2505],{"class":75},[61,107682,1324],{"class":93},[61,107684,107685],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,107686,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107688,107689,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699,107701,107703],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,107690,1593],{"class":67},[61,107692,72],{"class":71},[61,107694,4303],{"class":67},[61,107696,229],{"class":93},[61,107698,106472],{"class":102},[61,107700,94],{"class":93},[61,107702,30771],{"class":102},[61,107704,258],{"class":93},[61,107706,107707],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,107708,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107710,107711,107713,107715,107717],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,107712,90],{"class":89},[61,107714,94],{"class":93},[61,107716,3691],{"class":102},[61,107718,258],{"class":93},[61,107720,107721,107723,107725,107727],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,107722,90],{"class":89},[61,107724,94],{"class":93},[61,107726,1620],{"class":102},[61,107728,258],{"class":93},[61,107730,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,107732,90],{"class":89},[61,107734,94],{"class":93},[61,107736,657],{"class":109},[61,107738,94],{"class":93},[61,107740,1620],{"class":102},[61,107742,342],{"class":93},[61,107744,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,107746,90],{"class":89},[61,107748,94],{"class":93},[61,107750,11191],{"class":89},[61,107752,94],{"class":93},[61,107754,1620],{"class":102},[61,107756,342],{"class":93},[20,107758,345],{},[52,107760,107762],{"className":54,"code":107761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107763,107764,107780,107792,107806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107765,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107767,9310],{"class":93},[61,107769,3035],{"class":75},[61,107771,106],{"class":93},[61,107773,3040],{"class":75},[61,107775,106],{"class":93},[61,107777,1020],{"class":75},[61,107779,1324],{"class":93},[61,107781,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107783,9310],{"class":93},[61,107785,2113],{"class":75},[61,107787,106],{"class":93},[61,107789,1020],{"class":75},[61,107791,1324],{"class":93},[61,107793,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,107795,3337],{"class":71},[61,107797,3340],{"class":882},[61,107799,3343],{"class":310},[61,107801,6326],{"class":314},[61,107803,3348],{"class":310},[61,107805,3351],{"class":71},[61,107807,107808],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,107809,17083],{"class":75},[20,107811,107812,107813,107815],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107814,2113],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[47,107817,1879],{"id":1878},[260,107819,1928,107821,102568],{"id":107820},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107822,102620],{},[20,107824,102571],{},[260,107826,1898,107828,107830],{"id":107827},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107829,102620],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107832,107833],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[260,107835,107837],{"id":107836},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107839,107840],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[260,107842,107844],{"id":107843},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107846,107847],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[52,107849,107850],{"className":54,"code":97287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,107851,107852],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107853,107854,107856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107855,6326],{"class":109},[61,107857,8676],{"class":93},[47,107859,1938],{"id":1937},[164,107861,107862,107866,107873,107879],{},[167,107863,107864],{},[221,107865,96157],{"href":96156},[167,107867,107868],{},[221,107869,13,107870,10770],{"href":107559},[15,107871,107872],{},"set.union()",[167,107874,107875],{},[221,107876,13,107877,10770],{"href":102669},[15,107878,100248],{},[167,107880,107881],{},[221,107882,100173],{"href":105172},[1969,107884,107885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":107887},[107888,107890,107891,107892,107893,107895,107900,107901,107909],{"id":106501,"depth":79,"text":107889},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":107009,"depth":79,"text":107894},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107260,"depth":79,"text":107896,"children":107897},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107898,107899],{"id":106472,"depth":86,"text":102620},{"id":107406,"depth":86,"text":107265},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":107902},[107903,107905,107907,107908],{"id":107820,"depth":86,"text":107904},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107827,"depth":86,"text":107906},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107836,"depth":86,"text":107837},{"id":107843,"depth":86,"text":107844},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106394,"description":107910},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107917,"title":107918,"body":107919,"description":109155,"extension":2017,"meta":109156,"navigation":82,"path":109157,"seo":109158,"stem":109159,"__hash__":109160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107920,"toc":109122},[107921,107926,107932,107941,107943,108018,108023,108038,108048,108053,108057,108070,108074,108076,108091,108093,108109,108111,108186,108190,108193,108195,108212,108217,108272,108277,108289,108293,108296,108397,108399,108440,108443,108447,108454,108456,108481,108484,108502,108509,108515,108518,108600,108607,108610,108690,108699,108702,108707,108711,108725,108774,108779,108783,108794,108843,108854,108859,108863,108875,108924,108935,108937,108941,108964,108966,109023,109025,109039,109041,109047,109053,109059,109068,109072,109079,109083,109091,109093,109119],[10,107922,96029,107924,11352],{"id":107923},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107925,12789],{},[20,107927,107928,107931],{},[15,107929,107930],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107933,107934,107935,107937,107938,107940],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3784,107936,4670],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107939,12789],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[47,107942,2059],{"id":2058},[52,107944,107946],{"className":54,"code":107945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107947,107948,107980,107994,107998,108008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107949,107950,107952,107954,107956,107958,107960,107962,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974,107976,107978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107951,7814],{"class":67},[61,107953,72],{"class":71},[61,107955,1305],{"class":93},[61,107957,1010],{"class":310},[61,107959,4118],{"class":314},[61,107961,1010],{"class":310},[61,107963,106],{"class":93},[61,107965,311],{"class":310},[61,107967,4127],{"class":314},[61,107969,1010],{"class":310},[61,107971,106],{"class":93},[61,107973,311],{"class":310},[61,107975,4136],{"class":314},[61,107977,1010],{"class":310},[61,107979,1324],{"class":93},[61,107981,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990,107992],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,107983,69760],{"class":67},[61,107985,72],{"class":71},[61,107987,6004],{"class":67},[61,107989,229],{"class":93},[61,107991,26267],{"class":102},[61,107993,8676],{"class":93},[61,107995,107996],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,107997,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,107999,108000,108002,108004,108006],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,108001,90],{"class":89},[61,108003,94],{"class":93},[61,108005,69783],{"class":102},[61,108007,258],{"class":93},[61,108009,108010,108012,108014,108016],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,108011,90],{"class":89},[61,108013,94],{"class":93},[61,108015,7845],{"class":102},[61,108017,258],{"class":93},[20,108019,108020],{},[3784,108021,108022],{},"What this does:",[164,108024,108025,108030,108035],{},[167,108026,108027,108028],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108029,7845],{},[167,108031,108032,108033],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108034,69783],{},[167,108036,108037],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108039,108040,88789,108042,108044,108045,108047],{},[3784,108041,83647],{},[15,108043,107930],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3784,108046,4670],{}," chosen by index.",[47,108049,151,108051,154],{"id":108050},"what-setpop-does",[15,108052,107930],{},[20,108054,108055,1314],{},[15,108056,107930],{},[164,108058,108059,108061,108064,108067],{},[167,108060,102871],{},[167,108062,108063],{},"Returns the removed item",[167,108065,108066],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[167,108068,108069],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108071,96153,108072,229],{},[221,108073,96157],{"href":97328},[47,108075,233],{"id":232},[52,108077,108079],{"className":54,"code":108078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108080,108081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108082,108083,108085,108087,108089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108084,15694],{"class":67},[61,108086,229],{"class":93},[61,108088,26267],{"class":102},[61,108090,8676],{"class":93},[20,108092,13078],{},[164,108094,108095,108101,108106],{},[167,108096,108097,108098],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108099,108100],{},"my_set.pop()",[167,108102,108103,108104],{},"It takes ",[3784,108105,28715],{},[167,108107,108108],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108110,295],{},[52,108112,108114],{"className":54,"code":108113,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108115,108116,108148,108162,108166,108176],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108117,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136,108138,108140,108142,108144,108146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108119,13102],{"class":67},[61,108121,72],{"class":71},[61,108123,1305],{"class":93},[61,108125,1010],{"class":310},[61,108127,13119],{"class":314},[61,108129,1010],{"class":310},[61,108131,106],{"class":93},[61,108133,311],{"class":310},[61,108135,13136],{"class":314},[61,108137,1010],{"class":310},[61,108139,106],{"class":93},[61,108141,311],{"class":310},[61,108143,17482],{"class":314},[61,108145,1010],{"class":310},[61,108147,1324],{"class":93},[61,108149,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108151,28565],{"class":67},[61,108153,72],{"class":71},[61,108155,13150],{"class":67},[61,108157,229],{"class":93},[61,108159,26267],{"class":102},[61,108161,8676],{"class":93},[61,108163,108164],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,108165,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,108167,108168,108170,108172,108174],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,108169,90],{"class":89},[61,108171,94],{"class":93},[61,108173,23338],{"class":102},[61,108175,258],{"class":93},[61,108177,108178,108180,108182,108184],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,108179,90],{"class":89},[61,108181,94],{"class":93},[61,108183,17529],{"class":102},[61,108185,258],{"class":93},[47,108187,108189],{"id":108188},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108191,108192],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108194,2162],{},[164,108196,108197,108203,108206],{},[167,108198,108199,108200,108202],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108201,12789],{}," removes",[167,108204,108205],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[167,108207,108208,108209,108211],{},"You should not use ",[15,108210,12789],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108213,10492,108214,108216],{},[3784,108215,4670],{}," valid:",[52,108218,108220],{"className":54,"code":108219,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108221,108222,108254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108223,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236,108238,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108225,36266],{"class":67},[61,108227,72],{"class":71},[61,108229,1305],{"class":93},[61,108231,1010],{"class":310},[61,108233,4118],{"class":314},[61,108235,1010],{"class":310},[61,108237,106],{"class":93},[61,108239,311],{"class":310},[61,108241,4127],{"class":314},[61,108243,1010],{"class":310},[61,108245,106],{"class":93},[61,108247,311],{"class":310},[61,108249,4136],{"class":314},[61,108251,1010],{"class":310},[61,108253,1324],{"class":93},[61,108255,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108257,36318],{"class":67},[61,108259,229],{"class":93},[61,108261,26267],{"class":102},[61,108263,94],{"class":93},[61,108265,1010],{"class":310},[61,108267,4118],{"class":314},[61,108269,1010],{"class":310},[61,108271,258],{"class":93},[20,108273,39682,108274,108276],{},[15,108275,107930],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108278,108279,108280,31,108284,229],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[221,108281,108282],{"href":98038},[15,108283,102697],{},[221,108285,108287],{"href":108286},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108288,102688],{},[47,108290,108292],{"id":108291},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108294,108295],{},"Here is a simple example:",[52,108297,108299],{"className":54,"code":108298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108300,108301,108335,108339,108355,108359,108378],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108302,108303,108306,108308,108310,108312,108314,108316,108318,108320,108322,108324,108326,108328,108331,108333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108304,108305],{"class":67},"animals ",[61,108307,72],{"class":71},[61,108309,1305],{"class":93},[61,108311,1010],{"class":310},[61,108313,37075],{"class":314},[61,108315,1010],{"class":310},[61,108317,106],{"class":93},[61,108319,311],{"class":310},[61,108321,57951],{"class":314},[61,108323,1010],{"class":310},[61,108325,106],{"class":93},[61,108327,311],{"class":310},[61,108329,108330],{"class":314},"rabbit",[61,108332,1010],{"class":310},[61,108334,1324],{"class":93},[61,108336,108337],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108338,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,108340,108341,108344,108346,108349,108351,108353],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,108342,108343],{"class":67},"removed_animal ",[61,108345,72],{"class":71},[61,108347,108348],{"class":67}," animals",[61,108350,229],{"class":93},[61,108352,26267],{"class":102},[61,108354,8676],{"class":93},[61,108356,108357],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,108358,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,108360,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108376],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,108362,90],{"class":89},[61,108364,94],{"class":93},[61,108366,1010],{"class":310},[61,108368,28983],{"class":314},[61,108370,1010],{"class":310},[61,108372,106],{"class":93},[61,108374,108375],{"class":102}," removed_animal",[61,108377,258],{"class":93},[61,108379,108380,108382,108384,108386,108389,108391,108393,108395],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,108381,90],{"class":89},[61,108383,94],{"class":93},[61,108385,1010],{"class":310},[61,108387,108388],{"class":314},"Updated set:",[61,108390,1010],{"class":310},[61,108392,106],{"class":93},[61,108394,108348],{"class":102},[61,108396,258],{"class":93},[20,108398,30057],{},[52,108400,108402],{"className":54,"code":108401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108403,108404,108413],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108405,108406,108408,108410],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108407,29025],{"class":67},[61,108409,1314],{"class":93},[61,108411,108412],{"class":67}," dog\n",[61,108414,108415,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426,108428,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108416,108417],{"class":67},"Updated ",[61,108419,6326],{"class":109},[61,108421,1314],{"class":93},[61,108423,1305],{"class":93},[61,108425,3348],{"class":310},[61,108427,37075],{"class":314},[61,108429,3348],{"class":310},[61,108431,106],{"class":93},[61,108433,3343],{"class":310},[61,108435,108330],{"class":314},[61,108437,3348],{"class":310},[61,108439,1324],{"class":93},[20,108441,108442],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[47,108444,108446],{"id":108445},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108448,29677,108449,108451,108452,229],{},[15,108450,12789],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108453,19714],{},[20,108455,295],{},[52,108457,108459],{"className":54,"code":108458,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108460,108461,108471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108462,108463,108465,108467,108469],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108464,7814],{"class":67},[61,108466,72],{"class":71},[61,108468,15661],{"class":109},[61,108470,8676],{"class":93},[61,108472,108473,108475,108477,108479],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108474,7845],{"class":67},[61,108476,229],{"class":93},[61,108478,26267],{"class":102},[61,108480,8676],{"class":93},[20,108482,108483],{},"This raises:",[52,108485,108487],{"className":54,"code":108486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108488,108489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108490,108491,108493,108495,108497,108500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108492,19714],{"class":109},[61,108494,1314],{"class":93},[61,108496,3343],{"class":310},[61,108498,108499],{"class":314},"pop from an empty set",[61,108501,29727],{"class":310},[20,108503,108504,108505,108508],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[221,108506,108507],{"href":11104},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[260,108510,108512,108513],{"id":108511},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108514,12789],{},[20,108516,108517],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[52,108519,108521],{"className":54,"code":108520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108522,108523,108533,108537,108545,108560,108579,108585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108524,108525,108527,108529,108531],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108526,7814],{"class":67},[61,108528,72],{"class":71},[61,108530,15661],{"class":109},[61,108532,8676],{"class":93},[61,108534,108535],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108536,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,108538,108539,108541,108543],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,108540,1124],{"class":672},[61,108542,6004],{"class":67},[61,108544,6433],{"class":93},[61,108546,108547,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,108548,108549],{"class":67},"    removed ",[61,108551,72],{"class":71},[61,108553,6004],{"class":67},[61,108555,229],{"class":93},[61,108557,26267],{"class":102},[61,108559,8676],{"class":93},[61,108561,108562,108564,108566,108568,108570,108572,108574,108577],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,108563,1141],{"class":89},[61,108565,94],{"class":93},[61,108567,1010],{"class":310},[61,108569,28983],{"class":314},[61,108571,1010],{"class":310},[61,108573,106],{"class":93},[61,108575,108576],{"class":102}," removed",[61,108578,258],{"class":93},[61,108580,108581,108583],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,108582,27460],{"class":672},[61,108584,6433],{"class":93},[61,108586,108587,108589,108591,108593,108596,108598],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,108588,1141],{"class":89},[61,108590,94],{"class":93},[61,108592,1010],{"class":310},[61,108594,108595],{"class":314},"The set is empty.",[61,108597,1010],{"class":310},[61,108599,258],{"class":93},[260,108601,143,108603,749,108605],{"id":108602},"use-try-and-except",[15,108604,29831],{},[15,108606,29862],{},[20,108608,108609],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[52,108611,108613],{"className":54,"code":108612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108614,108615,108625,108629,108635,108649,108667,108675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108616,108617,108619,108621,108623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108618,7814],{"class":67},[61,108620,72],{"class":71},[61,108622,15661],{"class":109},[61,108624,8676],{"class":93},[61,108626,108627],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108628,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,108630,108631,108633],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,108632,29831],{"class":672},[61,108634,6433],{"class":93},[61,108636,108637,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,108638,108549],{"class":67},[61,108640,72],{"class":71},[61,108642,6004],{"class":67},[61,108644,229],{"class":93},[61,108646,26267],{"class":102},[61,108648,8676],{"class":93},[61,108650,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,108652,1141],{"class":89},[61,108654,94],{"class":93},[61,108656,1010],{"class":310},[61,108658,28983],{"class":314},[61,108660,1010],{"class":310},[61,108662,106],{"class":93},[61,108664,108576],{"class":102},[61,108666,258],{"class":93},[61,108668,108669,108671,108673],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,108670,29862],{"class":672},[61,108672,29865],{"class":109},[61,108674,6433],{"class":93},[61,108676,108677,108679,108681,108683,108686,108688],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,108678,1141],{"class":89},[61,108680,94],{"class":93},[61,108682,1010],{"class":310},[61,108684,108685],{"class":314},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[61,108687,1010],{"class":310},[61,108689,258],{"class":93},[47,108691,5001,108693,741,108695,741,108697],{"id":108692},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108694,12789],{},[15,108696,55352],{},[15,108698,102683],{},[20,108700,108701],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[260,108703,143,108705],{"id":108704},"use-pop",[15,108706,12789],{},[20,108708,143,108709,10630],{},[15,108710,12789],{},[164,108712,108713,108719,108722],{},[167,108714,108715,108716],{},"You want to remove ",[3784,108717,108718],{},"any one item",[167,108720,108721],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[167,108723,108724],{},"You want the removed item returned",[52,108726,108728],{"className":54,"code":108727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108729,108730,108750,108764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108731,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108733,3661],{"class":67},[61,108735,72],{"class":71},[61,108737,1305],{"class":93},[61,108739,3035],{"class":75},[61,108741,106],{"class":93},[61,108743,3040],{"class":75},[61,108745,106],{"class":93},[61,108747,1020],{"class":75},[61,108749,1324],{"class":93},[61,108751,108752,108754,108756,108758,108760,108762],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108753,68],{"class":67},[61,108755,72],{"class":71},[61,108757,4303],{"class":67},[61,108759,229],{"class":93},[61,108761,26267],{"class":102},[61,108763,8676],{"class":93},[61,108765,108766,108768,108770,108772],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,108767,90],{"class":89},[61,108769,94],{"class":93},[61,108771,103],{"class":102},[61,108773,258],{"class":93},[260,108775,143,108777],{"id":108776},"use-remove",[15,108778,55352],{},[20,108780,143,108781,10630],{},[15,108782,55352],{},[164,108784,108785,108791],{},[167,108786,108787,108788],{},"You want to delete a ",[3784,108789,108790],{},"specific item",[167,108792,108793],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[52,108795,108797],{"className":54,"code":108796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108798,108799,108819,108833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108800,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813,108815,108817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108802,3661],{"class":67},[61,108804,72],{"class":71},[61,108806,1305],{"class":93},[61,108808,3035],{"class":75},[61,108810,106],{"class":93},[61,108812,3040],{"class":75},[61,108814,106],{"class":93},[61,108816,1020],{"class":75},[61,108818,1324],{"class":93},[61,108820,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108822,3691],{"class":67},[61,108824,229],{"class":93},[61,108826,34823],{"class":102},[61,108828,94],{"class":93},[61,108830,2113],{"class":75},[61,108832,258],{"class":93},[61,108834,108835,108837,108839,108841],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,108836,90],{"class":89},[61,108838,94],{"class":93},[61,108840,3691],{"class":102},[61,108842,258],{"class":93},[20,108844,108845,108846,108848,108849,108853],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108847,55352],{}," raises an error. See the ",[221,108850,108851,10770],{"href":98038},[15,108852,102697],{}," for details.",[260,108855,143,108857],{"id":108856},"use-discard",[15,108858,102683],{},[20,108860,143,108861,10630],{},[15,108862,102683],{},[164,108864,108865,108869],{},[167,108866,108787,108867],{},[3784,108868,108790],{},[167,108870,108871,108872,108874],{},"You do ",[3784,108873,4670],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[52,108876,108878],{"className":54,"code":108877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108879,108880,108900,108914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108881,108882,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108883,3661],{"class":67},[61,108885,72],{"class":71},[61,108887,1305],{"class":93},[61,108889,3035],{"class":75},[61,108891,106],{"class":93},[61,108893,3040],{"class":75},[61,108895,106],{"class":93},[61,108897,1020],{"class":75},[61,108899,1324],{"class":93},[61,108901,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108903,3691],{"class":67},[61,108905,229],{"class":93},[61,108907,102750],{"class":102},[61,108909,94],{"class":93},[61,108911,2192],{"class":75},[61,108913,258],{"class":93},[61,108915,108916,108918,108920,108922],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,108917,90],{"class":89},[61,108919,94],{"class":93},[61,108921,3691],{"class":102},[61,108923,258],{"class":93},[20,108925,108926,108927,108929,108930,108934],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108928,2192],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[221,108931,108932,10770],{"href":108286},[15,108933,102688],{}," for more examples.",[47,108936,2878],{"id":2877},[20,108938,71306,108939,1314],{},[15,108940,107930],{},[164,108942,108943,108949,108954,108959],{},[167,108944,108945,108946],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108947,108948],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[167,108950,8485,108951,108953],{},[15,108952,12789],{}," to remove the first or last item",[167,108955,29677,108956,108958],{},[15,108957,12789],{}," on an empty set",[167,108960,8449,108961,108963],{},[15,108962,12789],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108965,62120],{},[52,108967,108969],{"className":54,"code":108968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108970,108971,108981,108995,109009],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108972,108973,108975,108977,108979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108974,90],{"class":89},[61,108976,94],{"class":93},[61,108978,15694],{"class":102},[61,108980,258],{"class":93},[61,108982,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,108984,90],{"class":89},[61,108986,94],{"class":93},[61,108988,11191],{"class":89},[61,108990,94],{"class":93},[61,108992,15694],{"class":102},[61,108994,342],{"class":93},[61,108996,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005,109007],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,108998,90],{"class":89},[61,109000,94],{"class":93},[61,109002,657],{"class":109},[61,109004,94],{"class":93},[61,109006,15694],{"class":102},[61,109008,342],{"class":93},[61,109010,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,109012,28565],{"class":67},[61,109014,72],{"class":71},[61,109016,96753],{"class":67},[61,109018,229],{"class":93},[61,109020,26267],{"class":102},[61,109022,8676],{"class":93},[20,109024,26034],{},[164,109026,109027,109030,109033,109036],{},[167,109028,109029],{},"What values are in the set",[167,109031,109032],{},"Whether the set is empty",[167,109034,109035],{},"That the object is really a set",[167,109037,109038],{},"What value was actually removed",[47,109040,1879],{"id":1878},[260,109042,1928,109044,109046],{"id":109043},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109045,107930],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109048,109049,109050,109052],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109051,12789],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[260,109054,109056,109057,1916],{"id":109055},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109058,107930],{},[20,109060,109061,109062,109064,109065,109067],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109063,12789],{},", set ",[15,109066,12789],{}," does not accept an index.",[260,109069,109071],{"id":109070},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109073,71475,109074,44649,109076,109078],{},[15,109075,19714],{},[15,109077,12789],{}," is called on an empty set.",[260,109080,109082],{"id":109081},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109084,143,109085,31,109087,1395,109089,229],{},[15,109086,55352],{},[15,109088,102683],{},[15,109090,12789],{},[47,109092,1938],{"id":1937},[164,109094,109095,109099,109105,109111,109115],{},[167,109096,109097],{},[221,109098,96157],{"href":97328},[167,109100,109101],{},[221,109102,96643,109103,10770],{"href":98038},[15,109104,55352],{},[167,109106,109107],{},[221,109108,96643,109109,10770],{"href":108286},[15,109110,102683],{},[167,109112,109113],{},[221,109114,11292],{"href":11104},[167,109116,109117],{},[221,109118,55338],{"href":54890},[1969,109120,109121],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":109123},[109124,109125,109127,109128,109129,109130,109136,109145,109146,109154],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":108050,"depth":79,"text":109126},"What set.pop() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":108188,"depth":79,"text":108189},{"id":108291,"depth":79,"text":108292},{"id":108445,"depth":79,"text":108446,"children":109131},[109132,109134],{"id":108511,"depth":86,"text":109133},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108602,"depth":86,"text":109135},"Use try and except",{"id":108692,"depth":79,"text":109137,"children":109138},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109139,109141,109143],{"id":108704,"depth":86,"text":109140},"Use pop()",{"id":108776,"depth":86,"text":109142},"Use remove()",{"id":108856,"depth":86,"text":109144},"Use discard()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":109147},[109148,109150,109152,109153],{"id":109043,"depth":86,"text":109149},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109055,"depth":86,"text":109151},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109070,"depth":86,"text":109071},{"id":109081,"depth":86,"text":109082},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107918,"description":109155},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109162,"title":109163,"body":109164,"description":110318,"extension":2017,"meta":110319,"navigation":82,"path":110320,"seo":110321,"stem":110322,"__hash__":110323},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109165,"toc":110286},[109166,109171,109176,109185,109187,109252,109256,109280,109287,109292,109296,109311,109314,109316,109335,109349,109352,109400,109404,109420,109422,109495,109499,109524,109530,109538,109542,109549,109604,109609,109626,109632,109638,109643,109651,109658,109662,109670,109725,109727,109744,109748,109755,109820,109824,109857,109859,109871,109878,109880,109885,109892,109894,109963,109967,109975,109977,110041,110045,110050,110097,110102,110170,110178,110185,110188,110194,110199,110203,110205,110208,110210,110215,110220,110226,110231,110238,110246,110252,110255,110257,110283],[10,109167,96029,109169,11352],{"id":109168},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109170,55352],{},[20,109172,109173,109175],{},[15,109174,102697],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109177,109178,109179,109182,109183,229],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3784,109180,109181],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109184,19714],{},[47,109186,2059],{"id":2058},[52,109188,109190],{"className":54,"code":109189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109191,109192,109224,109242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109193,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109195,13102],{"class":67},[61,109197,72],{"class":71},[61,109199,1305],{"class":93},[61,109201,1010],{"class":310},[61,109203,13119],{"class":314},[61,109205,1010],{"class":310},[61,109207,106],{"class":93},[61,109209,311],{"class":310},[61,109211,13136],{"class":314},[61,109213,1010],{"class":310},[61,109215,106],{"class":93},[61,109217,311],{"class":310},[61,109219,17482],{"class":314},[61,109221,1010],{"class":310},[61,109223,1324],{"class":93},[61,109225,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,109227,17529],{"class":67},[61,109229,229],{"class":93},[61,109231,34823],{"class":102},[61,109233,94],{"class":93},[61,109235,1010],{"class":310},[61,109237,13136],{"class":314},[61,109239,1010],{"class":310},[61,109241,258],{"class":93},[61,109243,109244,109246,109248,109250],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,109245,90],{"class":89},[61,109247,94],{"class":93},[61,109249,17529],{"class":102},[61,109251,258],{"class":93},[20,109253,109254],{},[3784,109255,30057],{},[52,109257,109258],{"className":54,"code":103377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,109259,109260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109261,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109263,9310],{"class":93},[61,109265,3348],{"class":310},[61,109267,13119],{"class":314},[61,109269,3348],{"class":310},[61,109271,106],{"class":93},[61,109273,3343],{"class":310},[61,109275,17482],{"class":314},[61,109277,3348],{"class":310},[61,109279,1324],{"class":93},[20,109281,143,109282,109284,109285,229],{},[15,109283,55352],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109286,19714],{},[47,109288,151,109290,154],{"id":109289},"what-setremove-does",[15,109291,102697],{},[20,109293,109294,1314],{},[15,109295,102697],{},[164,109297,109298,109301,109303,109305],{},[167,109299,109300],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[167,109302,96144],{},[167,109304,96147],{},[167,109306,109307,109308,109310],{},"Raises ",[15,109309,19714],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109312,109313],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[47,109315,233],{"id":232},[52,109317,109319],{"className":54,"code":109318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109320,109321],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109322,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109324,15694],{"class":67},[61,109326,229],{"class":93},[61,109328,34823],{"class":102},[61,109330,94],{"class":93},[61,109332,103],{"class":102},[61,109334,258],{"class":93},[164,109336,109337,109341,109346],{},[167,109338,109339,102919],{},[15,109340,15694],{},[167,109342,109343,109345],{},[15,109344,103],{}," is the item to remove",[167,109347,109348],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109350,109351],{},"Here is a small example:",[52,109353,109354],{"className":54,"code":108796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,109355,109356,109376,109390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109357,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372,109374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109359,3661],{"class":67},[61,109361,72],{"class":71},[61,109363,1305],{"class":93},[61,109365,3035],{"class":75},[61,109367,106],{"class":93},[61,109369,3040],{"class":75},[61,109371,106],{"class":93},[61,109373,1020],{"class":75},[61,109375,1324],{"class":93},[61,109377,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,109379,3691],{"class":67},[61,109381,229],{"class":93},[61,109383,34823],{"class":102},[61,109385,94],{"class":93},[61,109387,2113],{"class":75},[61,109389,258],{"class":93},[61,109391,109392,109394,109396,109398],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,109393,90],{"class":89},[61,109395,94],{"class":93},[61,109397,3691],{"class":102},[61,109399,258],{"class":93},[20,109401,109402],{},[3784,109403,30057],{},[52,109405,109406],{"className":54,"code":101127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,109407,109408],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109409,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109411,9310],{"class":93},[61,109413,3035],{"class":75},[61,109415,106],{"class":93},[61,109417,1020],{"class":75},[61,109419,1324],{"class":93},[47,109421,359],{"id":358},[52,109423,109425],{"className":54,"code":109424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109426,109427,109459,109463,109481,109485],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109428,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437,109439,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109430,36266],{"class":67},[61,109432,72],{"class":71},[61,109434,1305],{"class":93},[61,109436,1010],{"class":310},[61,109438,4118],{"class":314},[61,109440,1010],{"class":310},[61,109442,106],{"class":93},[61,109444,311],{"class":310},[61,109446,4127],{"class":314},[61,109448,1010],{"class":310},[61,109450,106],{"class":93},[61,109452,311],{"class":310},[61,109454,33250],{"class":314},[61,109456,1010],{"class":310},[61,109458,1324],{"class":93},[61,109460,109461],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,109462,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,109464,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,109466,36318],{"class":67},[61,109468,229],{"class":93},[61,109470,34823],{"class":102},[61,109472,94],{"class":93},[61,109474,1010],{"class":310},[61,109476,4127],{"class":314},[61,109478,1010],{"class":310},[61,109480,258],{"class":93},[61,109482,109483],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,109484,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,109486,109487,109489,109491,109493],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,109488,90],{"class":89},[61,109490,94],{"class":93},[61,109492,36318],{"class":102},[61,109494,258],{"class":93},[20,109496,109497],{},[3784,109498,30057],{},[52,109500,109502],{"className":54,"code":109501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109503,109504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109505,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109507,9310],{"class":93},[61,109509,3348],{"class":310},[61,109511,4118],{"class":314},[61,109513,3348],{"class":310},[61,109515,106],{"class":93},[61,109517,3343],{"class":310},[61,109519,33250],{"class":314},[61,109521,3348],{"class":310},[61,109523,1324],{"class":93},[20,109525,109526,109527,109529],{},"This removes ",[15,109528,65100],{}," from the set.",[20,109531,109532,109533,109535,109536,229],{},"A set does ",[3784,109534,4670],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[221,109537,96161],{"href":97712},[47,109539,109541],{"id":109540},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109543,109544,109545,52317,109547,229],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109546,55352],{},[15,109548,19714],{},[52,109550,109552],{"className":54,"code":109551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109553,109554,109586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109555,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109557,13102],{"class":67},[61,109559,72],{"class":71},[61,109561,1305],{"class":93},[61,109563,1010],{"class":310},[61,109565,13119],{"class":314},[61,109567,1010],{"class":310},[61,109569,106],{"class":93},[61,109571,311],{"class":310},[61,109573,13136],{"class":314},[61,109575,1010],{"class":310},[61,109577,106],{"class":93},[61,109579,311],{"class":310},[61,109581,17482],{"class":314},[61,109583,1010],{"class":310},[61,109585,1324],{"class":93},[61,109587,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,109589,17529],{"class":67},[61,109591,229],{"class":93},[61,109593,34823],{"class":102},[61,109595,94],{"class":93},[61,109597,1010],{"class":310},[61,109599,22552],{"class":314},[61,109601,1010],{"class":310},[61,109603,258],{"class":93},[20,109605,109606],{},[3784,109607,109608],{},"Result:",[52,109610,109612],{"className":54,"code":109611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109613,109614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109615,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109617,19714],{"class":109},[61,109619,1314],{"class":93},[61,109621,3343],{"class":310},[61,109623,22552],{"class":314},[61,109625,29727],{"class":310},[20,109627,22217,109628,109631],{},[15,109629,109630],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109633,109634,109635,109637],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109636,55352],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109639,109640,109641,229],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[221,109642,11292],{"href":11104},[47,109644,4238,109646,109648,109649],{"id":109645},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109647,55352],{}," is different from ",[15,109650,102683],{},[20,109652,109653,749,109655,109657],{},[15,109654,55352],{},[15,109656,102683],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[260,109659,109660],{"id":34823},[15,109661,55352],{},[164,109663,109664,109667],{},[167,109665,109666],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[167,109668,109669],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[52,109671,109673],{"className":54,"code":109672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109674,109675,109707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109676,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109678,36117],{"class":67},[61,109680,72],{"class":71},[61,109682,1305],{"class":93},[61,109684,1010],{"class":310},[61,109686,221],{"class":314},[61,109688,1010],{"class":310},[61,109690,106],{"class":93},[61,109692,311],{"class":310},[61,109694,1101],{"class":314},[61,109696,1010],{"class":310},[61,109698,106],{"class":93},[61,109700,311],{"class":310},[61,109702,1110],{"class":314},[61,109704,1010],{"class":310},[61,109706,1324],{"class":93},[61,109708,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,109710,36170],{"class":67},[61,109712,229],{"class":93},[61,109714,34823],{"class":102},[61,109716,94],{"class":93},[61,109718,1010],{"class":310},[61,109720,18795],{"class":314},[61,109722,1010],{"class":310},[61,109724,258],{"class":93},[20,109726,108483],{},[52,109728,109730],{"className":54,"code":109729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109731,109732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109733,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109735,19714],{"class":109},[61,109737,1314],{"class":93},[61,109739,3343],{"class":310},[61,109741,18795],{"class":314},[61,109743,29727],{"class":310},[260,109745,109746],{"id":102750},[15,109747,102683],{},[164,109749,109750,109752],{},[167,109751,109666],{},[167,109753,109754],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[52,109756,109758],{"className":54,"code":109757,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109759,109760,109792,109810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109761,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109763,36117],{"class":67},[61,109765,72],{"class":71},[61,109767,1305],{"class":93},[61,109769,1010],{"class":310},[61,109771,221],{"class":314},[61,109773,1010],{"class":310},[61,109775,106],{"class":93},[61,109777,311],{"class":310},[61,109779,1101],{"class":314},[61,109781,1010],{"class":310},[61,109783,106],{"class":93},[61,109785,311],{"class":310},[61,109787,1110],{"class":314},[61,109789,1010],{"class":310},[61,109791,1324],{"class":93},[61,109793,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,109795,36170],{"class":67},[61,109797,229],{"class":93},[61,109799,102750],{"class":102},[61,109801,94],{"class":93},[61,109803,1010],{"class":310},[61,109805,18795],{"class":314},[61,109807,1010],{"class":310},[61,109809,258],{"class":93},[61,109811,109812,109814,109816,109818],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,109813,90],{"class":89},[61,109815,94],{"class":93},[61,109817,36170],{"class":102},[61,109819,258],{"class":93},[20,109821,109822],{},[3784,109823,345],{},[52,109825,109827],{"className":54,"code":109826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109828,109829],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109830,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109832,9310],{"class":93},[61,109834,3348],{"class":310},[61,109836,221],{"class":314},[61,109838,3348],{"class":310},[61,109840,106],{"class":93},[61,109842,3343],{"class":310},[61,109844,1101],{"class":314},[61,109846,3348],{"class":310},[61,109848,106],{"class":93},[61,109850,3343],{"class":310},[61,109852,1110],{"class":314},[61,109854,3348],{"class":310},[61,109856,1324],{"class":93},[20,109858,18722],{},[164,109860,109861,109866],{},[167,109862,109863,109865],{},[15,109864,55352],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[167,109867,109868,109870],{},[15,109869,102683],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109872,109873,109874,229],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[221,109875,96643,109876,10770],{"href":108286},[15,109877,102683],{},[47,109879,1387],{"id":1386},[260,109881,8485,109883,97023],{"id":109882},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109884,55352],{},[20,109886,109887,109889,109890,229],{},[15,109888,55352],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109891,3820],{},[20,109893,1400],{},[52,109895,109897],{"className":54,"code":109896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109898,109899,109931,109953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109900,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109902,13102],{"class":67},[61,109904,72],{"class":71},[61,109906,1305],{"class":93},[61,109908,1010],{"class":310},[61,109910,13119],{"class":314},[61,109912,1010],{"class":310},[61,109914,106],{"class":93},[61,109916,311],{"class":310},[61,109918,13136],{"class":314},[61,109920,1010],{"class":310},[61,109922,106],{"class":93},[61,109924,311],{"class":310},[61,109926,17482],{"class":314},[61,109928,1010],{"class":310},[61,109930,1324],{"class":93},[61,109932,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,109934,13145],{"class":67},[61,109936,72],{"class":71},[61,109938,13150],{"class":67},[61,109940,229],{"class":93},[61,109942,34823],{"class":102},[61,109944,94],{"class":93},[61,109946,1010],{"class":310},[61,109948,13136],{"class":314},[61,109950,1010],{"class":310},[61,109952,258],{"class":93},[61,109954,109955,109957,109959,109961],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,109956,90],{"class":89},[61,109958,94],{"class":93},[61,109960,13169],{"class":102},[61,109962,258],{"class":93},[20,109964,109965],{},[3784,109966,345],{},[52,109968,109969],{"className":54,"code":11835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,109970,109971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109972,109973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109974,11835],{"class":355},[20,109976,1443],{},[52,109978,109979],{"className":54,"code":109189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,109980,109981,110013,110031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109982,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109984,13102],{"class":67},[61,109986,72],{"class":71},[61,109988,1305],{"class":93},[61,109990,1010],{"class":310},[61,109992,13119],{"class":314},[61,109994,1010],{"class":310},[61,109996,106],{"class":93},[61,109998,311],{"class":310},[61,110000,13136],{"class":314},[61,110002,1010],{"class":310},[61,110004,106],{"class":93},[61,110006,311],{"class":310},[61,110008,17482],{"class":314},[61,110010,1010],{"class":310},[61,110012,1324],{"class":93},[61,110014,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,110016,17529],{"class":67},[61,110018,229],{"class":93},[61,110020,34823],{"class":102},[61,110022,94],{"class":93},[61,110024,1010],{"class":310},[61,110026,13136],{"class":314},[61,110028,1010],{"class":310},[61,110030,258],{"class":93},[61,110032,110033,110035,110037,110039],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,110034,90],{"class":89},[61,110036,94],{"class":93},[61,110038,17529],{"class":102},[61,110040,258],{"class":93},[260,110042,110044],{"id":110043},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110046,110047,110048,229],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110049,19714],{},[52,110051,110053],{"className":54,"code":110052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110054,110055,110079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110056,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110058,13102],{"class":67},[61,110060,72],{"class":71},[61,110062,1305],{"class":93},[61,110064,1010],{"class":310},[61,110066,13119],{"class":314},[61,110068,1010],{"class":310},[61,110070,106],{"class":93},[61,110072,311],{"class":310},[61,110074,13136],{"class":314},[61,110076,1010],{"class":310},[61,110078,1324],{"class":93},[61,110080,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,110082,17529],{"class":67},[61,110084,229],{"class":93},[61,110086,34823],{"class":102},[61,110088,94],{"class":93},[61,110090,1010],{"class":310},[61,110092,17482],{"class":314},[61,110094,1010],{"class":310},[61,110096,258],{"class":93},[20,110098,110099,110100,1314],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110101,3924],{},[52,110103,110105],{"className":54,"code":110104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110106,110107,110131,110135,110151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110108,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110110,13102],{"class":67},[61,110112,72],{"class":71},[61,110114,1305],{"class":93},[61,110116,1010],{"class":310},[61,110118,13119],{"class":314},[61,110120,1010],{"class":310},[61,110122,106],{"class":93},[61,110124,311],{"class":310},[61,110126,13136],{"class":314},[61,110128,1010],{"class":310},[61,110130,1324],{"class":93},[61,110132,110133],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,110134,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,110136,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,110138,1124],{"class":672},[61,110140,311],{"class":310},[61,110142,17482],{"class":314},[61,110144,1010],{"class":310},[61,110146,21201],{"class":71},[61,110148,13150],{"class":67},[61,110150,6433],{"class":93},[61,110152,110153,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,110154,110155],{"class":67},"    colors",[61,110157,229],{"class":93},[61,110159,34823],{"class":102},[61,110161,94],{"class":93},[61,110163,1010],{"class":310},[61,110165,17482],{"class":314},[61,110167,1010],{"class":310},[61,110169,258],{"class":93},[20,110171,110172,110173,110177],{},"Or use ",[221,110174,110175],{"href":108286},[15,110176,102683],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[260,110179,37232,110181,8738,110183],{"id":110180},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110182,102697],{},[15,110184,54898],{},[20,110186,110187],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110189,110190,110191,110193],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110192,102697],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110195,110196,110197,229],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[221,110198,98907],{"href":98906},[260,110200,110202],{"id":110201},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110204,108192],{},[20,110206,110207],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[47,110209,1879],{"id":1878},[260,110211,1928,110213,97122],{"id":110212},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110214,102697],{},[20,110216,110217,110218,229],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110219,3820],{},[260,110221,30315,110223,110225],{"id":110222},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110224,102697],{}," raise?",[20,110227,30321,110228,110230],{},[15,110229,19714],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[260,110232,21448,110234,31,110236,1916],{"id":110233},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110235,55352],{},[15,110237,102683],{},[20,110239,143,110240,110242,110243,110245],{},[15,110241,55352],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110244,102683],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[260,110247,1898,110249,110251],{"id":110248},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110250,102697],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110253,110254],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[47,110256,1938],{"id":1937},[164,110258,110259,110265,110271,110275,110279],{},[167,110260,110261],{},[221,110262,96643,110263,10770],{"href":108286},[15,110264,102683],{},[167,110266,110267],{},[221,110268,96643,110269,10770],{"href":98043},[15,110270,12789],{},[167,110272,110273],{},[221,110274,97167],{"href":97712},[167,110276,110277],{},[221,110278,100173],{"href":98906},[167,110280,110281],{},[221,110282,11292],{"href":11104},[1969,110284,110285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":110287},[110288,110289,110291,110292,110293,110294,110299,110307,110317],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":109289,"depth":79,"text":110290},"What set.remove() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":109540,"depth":79,"text":109541},{"id":109645,"depth":79,"text":110295,"children":110296},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110297,110298],{"id":34823,"depth":86,"text":55352},{"id":102750,"depth":86,"text":102683},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":110300},[110301,110303,110304,110306],{"id":109882,"depth":86,"text":110302},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110043,"depth":86,"text":110044},{"id":110180,"depth":86,"text":110305},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110201,"depth":86,"text":110202},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":110308},[110309,110311,110313,110315],{"id":110212,"depth":86,"text":110310},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110222,"depth":86,"text":110312},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110233,"depth":86,"text":110314},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110248,"depth":86,"text":110316},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109163,"description":110318},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110325,"title":110326,"body":110327,"description":111700,"extension":2017,"meta":111701,"navigation":82,"path":111702,"seo":111703,"stem":111704,"__hash__":111705},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110328,"toc":111675},[110329,110335,110341,110344,110347,110361,110363,110444,110447,110452,110456,110470,110477,110479,110498,110501,110519,110521,110601,110603,110628,110632,110635,110643,110648,110653,110655,110668,110673,110676,110700,110703,110711,110713,110716,110813,110815,110848,110850,110876,110883,110886,110890,110898,110902,110910,110912,111002,111004,111018,111025,111030,111035,111037,111128,111130,111142,111144,111158,111164,111172,111174,111256,111258,111303,111306,111314,111317,111319,111323,111366,111368,111388,111393,111395,111480,111482,111487,111489,111496,111504,111510,111513,111515,111601,111603,111627,111631,111634,111636,111663,111673],[10,110330,96029,110332,11352],{"id":110331},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110333,110334],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110336,110337,110340],{},[15,110338,110339],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110342,110343],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110345,110346],{},"Use it when:",[164,110348,110349,110352,110358],{},[167,110350,110351],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[167,110353,110354,110355,110357],{},"you do ",[3784,110356,4670],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[167,110359,110360],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[47,110362,50],{"id":49},[52,110364,110366],{"className":54,"code":110365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110367,110368,110388,110408,110412,110431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110369,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382,110384,110386],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110371,2602],{"class":67},[61,110373,72],{"class":71},[61,110375,1305],{"class":93},[61,110377,3035],{"class":75},[61,110379,106],{"class":93},[61,110381,3040],{"class":75},[61,110383,106],{"class":93},[61,110385,1020],{"class":75},[61,110387,1324],{"class":93},[61,110389,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,110391,2630],{"class":67},[61,110393,72],{"class":71},[61,110395,1305],{"class":93},[61,110397,1046],{"class":75},[61,110399,106],{"class":93},[61,110401,2505],{"class":75},[61,110403,106],{"class":93},[61,110405,4644],{"class":75},[61,110407,1324],{"class":93},[61,110409,110410],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,110411,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,110413,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110425,110427,110429],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,110415,1593],{"class":67},[61,110417,72],{"class":71},[61,110419,56711],{"class":67},[61,110421,229],{"class":93},[61,110423,110424],{"class":102},"symmetric_difference",[61,110426,94],{"class":93},[61,110428,1101],{"class":102},[61,110430,258],{"class":93},[61,110432,110433,110435,110437,110439,110441],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,110434,90],{"class":89},[61,110436,94],{"class":93},[61,110438,1620],{"class":102},[61,110440,664],{"class":93},[61,110442,110443],{"class":116},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110445,110446],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[47,110448,151,110450,154],{"id":110449},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110451,110334],{},[20,110453,110454,1314],{},[15,110455,110339],{},[164,110457,110458,110461,110464,110467],{},[167,110459,110460],{},"returns a new set",[167,110462,110463],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[167,110465,110466],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[167,110468,110469],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110471,96153,110472,31,110474,229],{},[221,110473,96157],{"href":96156},[221,110475,110476],{"href":96160},"creating a set in Python",[47,110478,233],{"id":232},[52,110480,110482],{"className":54,"code":110481,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110483,110484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110485,110486,110488,110490,110492,110494,110496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110487,100414],{"class":67},[61,110489,229],{"class":93},[61,110491,110424],{"class":102},[61,110493,94],{"class":93},[61,110495,100423],{"class":102},[61,110497,258],{"class":93},[20,110499,110500],{},"Notes:",[164,110502,110503,110508,110513,110516],{},[167,110504,110505,110507],{},[15,110506,100414],{}," must be a set",[167,110509,110510,110512],{},[15,110511,100423],{}," can be any iterable",[167,110514,110515],{},"the result is always a set",[167,110517,110518],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110520,295],{},[52,110522,110524],{"className":54,"code":110523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110525,110526,110547,110568,110572,110591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110527,110528,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110529,110530],{"class":67},"set1 ",[61,110532,72],{"class":71},[61,110534,1305],{"class":93},[61,110536,3035],{"class":75},[61,110538,106],{"class":93},[61,110540,3040],{"class":75},[61,110542,106],{"class":93},[61,110544,1020],{"class":75},[61,110546,1324],{"class":93},[61,110548,110549,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,110550,110551],{"class":67},"set2 ",[61,110553,72],{"class":71},[61,110555,1305],{"class":93},[61,110557,1046],{"class":75},[61,110559,106],{"class":93},[61,110561,2505],{"class":75},[61,110563,106],{"class":93},[61,110565,4644],{"class":75},[61,110567,1324],{"class":93},[61,110569,110570],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,110571,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,110573,110574,110576,110578,110581,110583,110585,110587,110589],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,110575,1593],{"class":67},[61,110577,72],{"class":71},[61,110579,110580],{"class":67}," set1",[61,110582,229],{"class":93},[61,110584,110424],{"class":102},[61,110586,94],{"class":93},[61,110588,100423],{"class":102},[61,110590,258],{"class":93},[61,110592,110593,110595,110597,110599],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,110594,90],{"class":89},[61,110596,94],{"class":93},[61,110598,1620],{"class":102},[61,110600,258],{"class":93},[20,110602,345],{},[52,110604,110606],{"className":54,"code":110605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110607,110608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110609,110610,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110611,9310],{"class":93},[61,110613,3035],{"class":75},[61,110615,106],{"class":93},[61,110617,3040],{"class":75},[61,110619,106],{"class":93},[61,110621,2505],{"class":75},[61,110623,106],{"class":93},[61,110625,4644],{"class":75},[61,110627,1324],{"class":93},[47,110629,110631],{"id":110630},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110633,110634],{},"The result includes:",[164,110636,110637,110640],{},[167,110638,110639],{},"items only in the first set",[167,110641,110642],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110644,110645,110646,11113],{},"The result does ",[3784,110647,4670],{},[164,110649,110650],{},[167,110651,110652],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110654,5509],{},[164,110656,110657,110662],{},[167,110658,110659,110660],{},"first set: ",[15,110661,100111],{},[167,110663,110664,110665],{},"second set: ",[15,110666,110667],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110669,4088,110670,110672],{},[15,110671,1046],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110674,110675],{},"The output is:",[52,110677,110678],{"className":54,"code":110605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,110679,110680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110681,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110683,9310],{"class":93},[61,110685,3035],{"class":75},[61,110687,106],{"class":93},[61,110689,3040],{"class":75},[61,110691,106],{"class":93},[61,110693,2505],{"class":75},[61,110695,106],{"class":93},[61,110697,4644],{"class":75},[61,110699,1324],{"class":93},[20,110701,110702],{},"Also remember:",[164,110704,110705,110708],{},[167,110706,110707],{},"sets are unordered",[167,110709,110710],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[47,110712,359],{"id":358},[20,110714,110715],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[52,110717,110719],{"className":54,"code":110718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110720,110721,110753,110777,110781,110799,110803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110724,106854],{"class":67},[61,110726,72],{"class":71},[61,110728,1305],{"class":93},[61,110730,1010],{"class":310},[61,110732,13119],{"class":314},[61,110734,1010],{"class":310},[61,110736,106],{"class":93},[61,110738,311],{"class":310},[61,110740,13136],{"class":314},[61,110742,1010],{"class":310},[61,110744,106],{"class":93},[61,110746,311],{"class":310},[61,110748,17482],{"class":314},[61,110750,1010],{"class":310},[61,110752,1324],{"class":93},[61,110754,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,110756,106887],{"class":67},[61,110758,72],{"class":71},[61,110760,1305],{"class":93},[61,110762,1010],{"class":310},[61,110764,17482],{"class":314},[61,110766,1010],{"class":310},[61,110768,106],{"class":93},[61,110770,311],{"class":310},[61,110772,22552],{"class":314},[61,110774,1010],{"class":310},[61,110776,1324],{"class":93},[61,110778,110779],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,110780,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,110782,110783,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,110784,1593],{"class":67},[61,110786,72],{"class":71},[61,110788,106929],{"class":67},[61,110790,229],{"class":93},[61,110792,110424],{"class":102},[61,110794,94],{"class":93},[61,110796,106938],{"class":102},[61,110798,258],{"class":93},[61,110800,110801],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,110802,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,110804,110805,110807,110809,110811],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,110806,90],{"class":89},[61,110808,94],{"class":93},[61,110810,1620],{"class":102},[61,110812,258],{"class":93},[20,110814,345],{},[52,110816,110818],{"className":54,"code":110817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110819,110820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110821,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110823,9310],{"class":93},[61,110825,3348],{"class":310},[61,110827,13119],{"class":314},[61,110829,3348],{"class":310},[61,110831,106],{"class":93},[61,110833,3343],{"class":310},[61,110835,13136],{"class":314},[61,110837,3348],{"class":310},[61,110839,106],{"class":93},[61,110841,3343],{"class":310},[61,110843,22552],{"class":314},[61,110845,3348],{"class":310},[61,110847,1324],{"class":93},[20,110849,13436],{},[164,110851,110852,110857,110868],{},[167,110853,110854,110856],{},[15,110855,96322],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[167,110858,110859,749,110861,110864,110865,110867],{},[15,110860,65218],{},[15,110862,110863],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110866,106991],{},", so they stay",[167,110869,110870,110872,110873,110875],{},[15,110871,109630],{}," is only in ",[15,110874,106938],{},", so it stays",[47,110877,110879,741,110881],{"id":110878},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110880,110334],{},[15,110882,100243],{},[20,110884,110885],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110887,110888,1314],{},[15,110889,100243],{},[164,110891,110892,110895],{},[167,110893,110894],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[167,110896,110897],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110899,110900,1314],{},[15,110901,110334],{},[164,110903,110904,110907],{},[167,110905,110906],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[167,110908,110909],{},"removes shared items",[20,110911,295],{},[52,110913,110915],{"className":54,"code":110914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110916,110917,110937,110957,110961,110982],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110918,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110920,2602],{"class":67},[61,110922,72],{"class":71},[61,110924,1305],{"class":93},[61,110926,3035],{"class":75},[61,110928,106],{"class":93},[61,110930,3040],{"class":75},[61,110932,106],{"class":93},[61,110934,1020],{"class":75},[61,110936,1324],{"class":93},[61,110938,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,110940,2630],{"class":67},[61,110942,72],{"class":71},[61,110944,1305],{"class":93},[61,110946,1046],{"class":75},[61,110948,106],{"class":93},[61,110950,2505],{"class":75},[61,110952,106],{"class":93},[61,110954,4644],{"class":75},[61,110956,1324],{"class":93},[61,110958,110959],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,110960,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,110962,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,110964,90],{"class":89},[61,110966,94],{"class":93},[61,110968,221],{"class":102},[61,110970,229],{"class":93},[61,110972,2859],{"class":102},[61,110974,94],{"class":93},[61,110976,1101],{"class":102},[61,110978,113],{"class":93},[61,110980,110981],{"class":116},"            # {1, 2}\n",[61,110983,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,110985,90],{"class":89},[61,110987,94],{"class":93},[61,110989,221],{"class":102},[61,110991,229],{"class":93},[61,110993,110424],{"class":102},[61,110995,94],{"class":93},[61,110997,1101],{"class":102},[61,110999,113],{"class":93},[61,111001,110443],{"class":116},[20,111003,18722],{},[164,111005,111006,111013],{},[167,111007,111008,111012],{},[221,111009,111010],{"href":102669},[15,111011,100243],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[167,111014,111015,111017],{},[15,111016,110334],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[47,111019,111021,741,111023],{"id":111020},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111022,110334],{},[15,111024,102628],{},[20,111026,111027,111029],{},[15,111028,102628],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111031,111032,111034],{},[15,111033,110334],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111036,295],{},[52,111038,111040],{"className":54,"code":111039,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111041,111042,111062,111082,111086,111108],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111043,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111045,2602],{"class":67},[61,111047,72],{"class":71},[61,111049,1305],{"class":93},[61,111051,3035],{"class":75},[61,111053,106],{"class":93},[61,111055,3040],{"class":75},[61,111057,106],{"class":93},[61,111059,1020],{"class":75},[61,111061,1324],{"class":93},[61,111063,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,111065,2630],{"class":67},[61,111067,72],{"class":71},[61,111069,1305],{"class":93},[61,111071,1046],{"class":75},[61,111073,106],{"class":93},[61,111075,2505],{"class":75},[61,111077,106],{"class":93},[61,111079,4644],{"class":75},[61,111081,1324],{"class":93},[61,111083,111084],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,111085,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,111087,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111099,111101,111103,111105],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,111089,90],{"class":89},[61,111091,94],{"class":93},[61,111093,221],{"class":102},[61,111095,229],{"class":93},[61,111097,111098],{"class":102},"union",[61,111100,94],{"class":93},[61,111102,1101],{"class":102},[61,111104,113],{"class":93},[61,111106,111107],{"class":116},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[61,111109,111110,111112,111114,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,111111,90],{"class":89},[61,111113,94],{"class":93},[61,111115,221],{"class":102},[61,111117,229],{"class":93},[61,111119,110424],{"class":102},[61,111121,94],{"class":93},[61,111123,1101],{"class":102},[61,111125,113],{"class":93},[61,111127,110443],{"class":116},[20,111129,27247],{},[164,111131,111132,111137],{},[167,111133,111134,111136],{},[15,111135,102628],{}," includes everything",[167,111138,111139,111141],{},[15,111140,110334],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111143,18722],{},[164,111145,111146,111153],{},[167,111147,111148,111152],{},[221,111149,111150],{"href":107559},[15,111151,102628],{}," when overlap does not matter",[167,111154,111155,111157],{},[15,111156,110334],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[47,111159,36640,111161,101427],{"id":111160},"using-the-operator",[15,111162,111163],{},"^",[20,111165,111166,111167,111169,111170,229],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111168,111163],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111171,110334],{},[20,111173,295],{},[52,111175,111177],{"className":54,"code":111176,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111178,111179,111199,111219,111223,111241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111180,111181,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111182,110530],{"class":67},[61,111184,72],{"class":71},[61,111186,1305],{"class":93},[61,111188,3035],{"class":75},[61,111190,106],{"class":93},[61,111192,3040],{"class":75},[61,111194,106],{"class":93},[61,111196,1020],{"class":75},[61,111198,1324],{"class":93},[61,111200,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,111202,110551],{"class":67},[61,111204,72],{"class":71},[61,111206,1305],{"class":93},[61,111208,1046],{"class":75},[61,111210,106],{"class":93},[61,111212,2505],{"class":75},[61,111214,106],{"class":93},[61,111216,4644],{"class":75},[61,111218,1324],{"class":93},[61,111220,111221],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,111222,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,111224,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,111226,90],{"class":89},[61,111228,94],{"class":93},[61,111230,100414],{"class":102},[61,111232,229],{"class":93},[61,111234,110424],{"class":102},[61,111236,94],{"class":93},[61,111238,100423],{"class":102},[61,111240,342],{"class":93},[61,111242,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251,111254],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,111244,90],{"class":89},[61,111246,94],{"class":93},[61,111248,110530],{"class":102},[61,111250,111163],{"class":71},[61,111252,111253],{"class":102}," set2",[61,111255,258],{"class":93},[20,111257,30057],{},[52,111259,111261],{"className":54,"code":111260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111262,111263,111283],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111264,111265,111267,111269,111271,111273,111275,111277,111279,111281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111266,9310],{"class":93},[61,111268,3035],{"class":75},[61,111270,106],{"class":93},[61,111272,3040],{"class":75},[61,111274,106],{"class":93},[61,111276,2505],{"class":75},[61,111278,106],{"class":93},[61,111280,4644],{"class":75},[61,111282,1324],{"class":93},[61,111284,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,111286,9310],{"class":93},[61,111288,3035],{"class":75},[61,111290,106],{"class":93},[61,111292,3040],{"class":75},[61,111294,106],{"class":93},[61,111296,2505],{"class":75},[61,111298,106],{"class":93},[61,111300,4644],{"class":75},[61,111302,1324],{"class":93},[20,111304,111305],{},"Both forms:",[164,111307,111308,111311],{},[167,111309,111310],{},"return a new set",[167,111312,111313],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111315,111316],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[47,111318,1387],{"id":1386},[20,111320,21239,111321,1314],{},[15,111322,110334],{},[164,111324,111325,111333,111343,111358],{},[167,111326,111327,111330,111332],{},[3784,111328,111329],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9877,111331],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[167,111334,111335,111338,111340,111342],{},[3784,111336,111337],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9877,111339],{},[15,111341,110334],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[167,111344,111345,111350,111352,111354,111355,111357],{},[3784,111346,111347,111348],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111349,100243],{},[9877,111351],{},[15,111353,100243],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111356,110334],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[167,111359,111360,111363,111365],{},[3784,111361,111362],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9877,111364],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111367,58686],{},[164,111369,111370,111379,111382,111385],{},[167,111371,1840,111372,44649,111374,111378],{},[15,111373,110334],{},[221,111375,111376],{"href":107559},[15,111377,102628],{}," is actually needed",[167,111380,111381],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[167,111383,111384],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[167,111386,111387],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111389,111390,111391,229],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[221,111392,98907],{"href":105172},[20,111394,62120],{},[52,111396,111398],{"className":54,"code":111397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111399,111400,111410,111420,111438,111452,111466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111401,111402,111404,111406,111408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111403,90],{"class":89},[61,111405,94],{"class":93},[61,111407,100414],{"class":102},[61,111409,258],{"class":93},[61,111411,111412,111414,111416,111418],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,111413,90],{"class":89},[61,111415,94],{"class":93},[61,111417,100423],{"class":102},[61,111419,258],{"class":93},[61,111421,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432,111434,111436],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,111423,90],{"class":89},[61,111425,94],{"class":93},[61,111427,100414],{"class":102},[61,111429,229],{"class":93},[61,111431,110424],{"class":102},[61,111433,94],{"class":93},[61,111435,100423],{"class":102},[61,111437,342],{"class":93},[61,111439,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,111441,90],{"class":89},[61,111443,94],{"class":93},[61,111445,110530],{"class":102},[61,111447,111163],{"class":71},[61,111449,111253],{"class":102},[61,111451,258],{"class":93},[61,111453,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,111455,90],{"class":89},[61,111457,94],{"class":93},[61,111459,657],{"class":109},[61,111461,94],{"class":93},[61,111463,100414],{"class":102},[61,111465,342],{"class":93},[61,111467,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,111469,90],{"class":89},[61,111471,94],{"class":93},[61,111473,657],{"class":109},[61,111475,94],{"class":93},[61,111477,100423],{"class":102},[61,111479,342],{"class":93},[47,111481,1879],{"id":1878},[260,111483,1928,111485,102568],{"id":111484},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111486,110334],{},[20,111488,102571],{},[260,111490,1911,111492,749,111494,1916],{"id":111491},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111493,110334],{},[15,111495,100243],{},[20,111497,111498,111500,111501,111503],{},[15,111499,100243],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111502,110334],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[260,111505,28355,111507,111509],{"id":111506},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111508,110334],{}," with lists?",[20,111511,111512],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111514,295],{},[52,111516,111518],{"className":54,"code":111517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111519,111520,111540,111560,111564,111591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111521,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111523,80484],{"class":67},[61,111525,72],{"class":71},[61,111527,1088],{"class":93},[61,111529,3035],{"class":75},[61,111531,106],{"class":93},[61,111533,3040],{"class":75},[61,111535,106],{"class":93},[61,111537,1020],{"class":75},[61,111539,1115],{"class":93},[61,111541,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,111543,80505],{"class":67},[61,111545,72],{"class":71},[61,111547,1088],{"class":93},[61,111549,1046],{"class":75},[61,111551,106],{"class":93},[61,111553,2505],{"class":75},[61,111555,106],{"class":93},[61,111557,4644],{"class":75},[61,111559,1115],{"class":93},[61,111561,111562],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,111563,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,111565,111566,111568,111570,111572,111574,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,111567,1593],{"class":67},[61,111569,72],{"class":71},[61,111571,15661],{"class":109},[61,111573,94],{"class":93},[61,111575,111576],{"class":102},"list1",[61,111578,8664],{"class":93},[61,111580,110424],{"class":102},[61,111582,94],{"class":93},[61,111584,6326],{"class":109},[61,111586,94],{"class":93},[61,111588,80771],{"class":102},[61,111590,342],{"class":93},[61,111592,111593,111595,111597,111599],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,111594,90],{"class":89},[61,111596,94],{"class":93},[61,111598,1620],{"class":102},[61,111600,258],{"class":93},[20,111602,345],{},[52,111604,111605],{"className":54,"code":110605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,111606,111607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111608,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111610,9310],{"class":93},[61,111612,3035],{"class":75},[61,111614,106],{"class":93},[61,111616,3040],{"class":75},[61,111618,106],{"class":93},[61,111620,2505],{"class":75},[61,111622,106],{"class":93},[61,111624,4644],{"class":75},[61,111626,1324],{"class":93},[260,111628,111630],{"id":111629},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111632,111633],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[47,111635,1938],{"id":1937},[164,111637,111638,111642,111647,111653,111659],{},[167,111639,111640],{},[221,111641,96157],{"href":96156},[167,111643,111644],{},[221,111645,111646],{"href":96160},"Creating a set in Python",[167,111648,111649],{},[221,111650,96643,111651,10770],{"href":102669},[15,111652,100243],{},[167,111654,111655],{},[221,111656,96643,111657,10770],{"href":107559},[15,111658,102628],{},[167,111660,111661],{},[221,111662,100173],{"href":105172},[20,111664,111665,111666,186,111668,196,111670,111672],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111667,100243],{},[15,111669,102628],{},[15,111671,110334],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1969,111674,57065],{},{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":111676},[111677,111678,111680,111681,111682,111683,111685,111687,111689,111690,111699],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":110449,"depth":79,"text":111679},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":110630,"depth":79,"text":110631},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":110878,"depth":79,"text":111684},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111020,"depth":79,"text":111686},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111160,"depth":79,"text":111688},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":111691},[111692,111694,111696,111698],{"id":111484,"depth":86,"text":111693},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111491,"depth":86,"text":111695},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111506,"depth":86,"text":111697},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111629,"depth":86,"text":111630},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110326,"description":111700},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111707,"title":111708,"body":111709,"description":113772,"extension":2017,"meta":113773,"navigation":82,"path":107559,"seo":113774,"stem":113775,"__hash__":113776},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111710,"toc":113731},[111711,111716,111721,111724,111737,111739,111821,111826,111831,111835,111847,111850,111854,111856,111883,111885,111896,111899,111968,111970,111976,111979,111989,111991,112080,112085,112087,112094,112097,112099,112102,112222,112224,112293,112296,112313,112318,112321,112437,112439,112468,112471,112477,112482,112486,112567,112569,112597,112602,112606,112701,112703,112744,112748,112751,112818,112820,112861,112867,112882,112889,112896,112900,112906,112992,112996,113004,113075,113080,113087,113089,113095,113097,113162,113164,113180,113185,113188,113257,113261,113264,113323,113326,113330,113383,113396,113399,113452,113456,113458,113489,113492,113497,113550,113554,113557,113578,113590,113592,113645,113647,113652,113654,113660,113663,113669,113674,113678,113681,113689,113698,113700,113728],[10,111712,13,111714,11352],{"id":111713},"python-setunion-method",[15,111715,107872],{},[20,111717,111718,111720],{},[15,111719,107872],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111722,111723],{},"It is useful when you want:",[164,111725,111726,111729,111734],{},[167,111727,111728],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[167,111730,2602,111731,111733],{},[3784,111732,100598],{}," as the result",[167,111735,111736],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[47,111738,2059],{"id":2058},[52,111740,111742],{"className":54,"code":111741,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111743,111744,111764,111784,111788,111806,111816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111745,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760,111762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111747,110530],{"class":67},[61,111749,72],{"class":71},[61,111751,1305],{"class":93},[61,111753,3035],{"class":75},[61,111755,106],{"class":93},[61,111757,3040],{"class":75},[61,111759,106],{"class":93},[61,111761,1020],{"class":75},[61,111763,1324],{"class":93},[61,111765,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780,111782],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,111767,110551],{"class":67},[61,111769,72],{"class":71},[61,111771,1305],{"class":93},[61,111773,1046],{"class":75},[61,111775,106],{"class":93},[61,111777,2505],{"class":75},[61,111779,106],{"class":93},[61,111781,4644],{"class":75},[61,111783,1324],{"class":93},[61,111785,111786],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,111787,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,111789,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800,111802,111804],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,111791,1593],{"class":67},[61,111793,72],{"class":71},[61,111795,110580],{"class":67},[61,111797,229],{"class":93},[61,111799,111098],{"class":102},[61,111801,94],{"class":93},[61,111803,100423],{"class":102},[61,111805,258],{"class":93},[61,111807,111808,111810,111812,111814],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,111809,90],{"class":89},[61,111811,94],{"class":93},[61,111813,1620],{"class":102},[61,111815,258],{"class":93},[61,111817,111818],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,111819,111820],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111822,111823,111825],{},[15,111824,102628],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[47,111827,151,111829,154],{"id":111828},"what-setunion-does",[15,111830,107872],{},[20,111832,111833,1314],{},[15,111834,107872],{},[164,111836,111837,111840,111843,111845],{},[167,111838,111839],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[167,111841,111842],{},"keeps only unique values",[167,111844,110460],{},[167,111846,110469],{},[20,111848,111849],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111851,96153,111852,229],{},[221,111853,96157],{"href":97328},[47,111855,233],{"id":232},[52,111857,111859],{"className":54,"code":111858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111860,111861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111862,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111864,100414],{"class":67},[61,111866,229],{"class":93},[61,111868,111098],{"class":102},[61,111870,94],{"class":93},[61,111872,100423],{"class":102},[61,111874,106],{"class":93},[61,111876,100450],{"class":102},[61,111878,106],{"class":93},[61,111880,34484],{"class":89},[61,111882,258],{"class":93},[20,111884,13078],{},[164,111886,111887,111890,111893],{},[167,111888,111889],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[167,111891,111892],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[167,111894,111895],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111897,111898],{},"Example with two sets:",[52,111900,111902],{"className":54,"code":111901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111903,111904,111920,111936,111940,111958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111905,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111907,2602],{"class":67},[61,111909,72],{"class":71},[61,111911,1305],{"class":93},[61,111913,3035],{"class":75},[61,111915,106],{"class":93},[61,111917,3040],{"class":75},[61,111919,1324],{"class":93},[61,111921,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,111923,2630],{"class":67},[61,111925,72],{"class":71},[61,111927,1305],{"class":93},[61,111929,2113],{"class":75},[61,111931,106],{"class":93},[61,111933,1020],{"class":75},[61,111935,1324],{"class":93},[61,111937,111938],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,111939,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,111941,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,111943,1593],{"class":67},[61,111945,72],{"class":71},[61,111947,56711],{"class":67},[61,111949,229],{"class":93},[61,111951,111098],{"class":102},[61,111953,94],{"class":93},[61,111955,1101],{"class":102},[61,111957,258],{"class":93},[61,111959,111960,111962,111964,111966],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,111961,90],{"class":89},[61,111963,94],{"class":93},[61,111965,1620],{"class":102},[61,111967,258],{"class":93},[47,111969,21998],{"id":21997},[20,111971,111972,100595,111974,229],{},[15,111973,107872],{},[3784,111975,100598],{},[20,111977,111978],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[164,111980,111981,111984],{},[167,111982,111983],{},"the original set",[167,111985,111986,111987],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111988,102628],{},[20,111990,295],{},[52,111992,111994],{"className":54,"code":111993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111995,111996,112012,112028,112032,112050,112054,112067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111997,111998,112000,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111999,2602],{"class":67},[61,112001,72],{"class":71},[61,112003,1305],{"class":93},[61,112005,3035],{"class":75},[61,112007,106],{"class":93},[61,112009,3040],{"class":75},[61,112011,1324],{"class":93},[61,112013,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,112015,2630],{"class":67},[61,112017,72],{"class":71},[61,112019,1305],{"class":93},[61,112021,2113],{"class":75},[61,112023,106],{"class":93},[61,112025,1020],{"class":75},[61,112027,1324],{"class":93},[61,112029,112030],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,112031,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112033,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,112035,1593],{"class":67},[61,112037,72],{"class":71},[61,112039,56711],{"class":67},[61,112041,229],{"class":93},[61,112043,111098],{"class":102},[61,112045,94],{"class":93},[61,112047,1101],{"class":102},[61,112049,258],{"class":93},[61,112051,112052],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,112053,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112055,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,112057,90],{"class":89},[61,112059,94],{"class":93},[61,112061,1620],{"class":102},[61,112063,664],{"class":93},[61,112065,112066],{"class":116},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[61,112068,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,112070,90],{"class":89},[61,112072,94],{"class":93},[61,112074,221],{"class":102},[61,112076,664],{"class":93},[61,112078,112079],{"class":116},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112081,2336,112082,112084],{},[15,112083,221],{}," did not change.",[20,112086,110702],{},[164,112088,112089,112091],{},[167,112090,110707],{},[167,112092,112093],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112095,112096],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[47,112098,359],{"id":358},[20,112100,112101],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[52,112103,112105],{"className":54,"code":112104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112106,112107,112140,112173,112177,112197,112201,112211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112108,112109,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112110,112111],{"class":67},"fruits1 ",[61,112113,72],{"class":71},[61,112115,1305],{"class":93},[61,112117,1010],{"class":310},[61,112119,4118],{"class":314},[61,112121,1010],{"class":310},[61,112123,106],{"class":93},[61,112125,311],{"class":310},[61,112127,4127],{"class":314},[61,112129,1010],{"class":310},[61,112131,106],{"class":93},[61,112133,311],{"class":310},[61,112135,33250],{"class":314},[61,112137,1010],{"class":310},[61,112139,1324],{"class":93},[61,112141,112142,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,112143,112144],{"class":67},"fruits2 ",[61,112146,72],{"class":71},[61,112148,1305],{"class":93},[61,112150,1010],{"class":310},[61,112152,4127],{"class":314},[61,112154,1010],{"class":310},[61,112156,106],{"class":93},[61,112158,311],{"class":310},[61,112160,22561],{"class":314},[61,112162,1010],{"class":310},[61,112164,106],{"class":93},[61,112166,311],{"class":310},[61,112168,33250],{"class":314},[61,112170,1010],{"class":310},[61,112172,1324],{"class":93},[61,112174,112175],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,112176,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112178,112179,112181,112183,112186,112188,112190,112192,112195],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,112180,1593],{"class":67},[61,112182,72],{"class":71},[61,112184,112185],{"class":67}," fruits1",[61,112187,229],{"class":93},[61,112189,111098],{"class":102},[61,112191,94],{"class":93},[61,112193,112194],{"class":102},"fruits2",[61,112196,258],{"class":93},[61,112198,112199],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,112200,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112202,112203,112205,112207,112209],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,112204,90],{"class":89},[61,112206,94],{"class":93},[61,112208,1620],{"class":102},[61,112210,258],{"class":93},[61,112212,112213,112215,112217,112220],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,112214,90],{"class":89},[61,112216,94],{"class":93},[61,112218,112219],{"class":102},"fruits1",[61,112221,258],{"class":93},[20,112223,30057],{},[52,112225,112227],{"className":54,"code":112226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112228,112229,112265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112230,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112232,9310],{"class":93},[61,112234,3348],{"class":310},[61,112236,4127],{"class":314},[61,112238,3348],{"class":310},[61,112240,106],{"class":93},[61,112242,3343],{"class":310},[61,112244,33250],{"class":314},[61,112246,3348],{"class":310},[61,112248,106],{"class":93},[61,112250,3343],{"class":310},[61,112252,4118],{"class":314},[61,112254,3348],{"class":310},[61,112256,106],{"class":93},[61,112258,3343],{"class":310},[61,112260,22561],{"class":314},[61,112262,3348],{"class":310},[61,112264,1324],{"class":93},[61,112266,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,112268,9310],{"class":93},[61,112270,3348],{"class":310},[61,112272,4127],{"class":314},[61,112274,3348],{"class":310},[61,112276,106],{"class":93},[61,112278,3343],{"class":310},[61,112280,33250],{"class":314},[61,112282,3348],{"class":310},[61,112284,106],{"class":93},[61,112286,3343],{"class":310},[61,112288,4118],{"class":314},[61,112290,3348],{"class":310},[61,112292,1324],{"class":93},[20,112294,112295],{},"What this shows:",[164,112297,112298,112305,112308],{},[167,112299,112300,749,112302,112304],{},[15,112301,65100],{},[15,112303,65527],{}," appear in both sets",[167,112306,112307],{},"they appear only once in the result",[167,112309,112310,112312],{},[15,112311,112219],{}," stays unchanged",[47,112314,8449,112316,100987],{"id":112315},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112317,102628],{},[20,112319,112320],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[52,112322,112324],{"className":54,"code":112323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112325,112326,112342,112358,112375,112392,112396,112423,112427],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112327,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112329,110530],{"class":67},[61,112331,72],{"class":71},[61,112333,1305],{"class":93},[61,112335,3035],{"class":75},[61,112337,106],{"class":93},[61,112339,3040],{"class":75},[61,112341,1324],{"class":93},[61,112343,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,112345,110551],{"class":67},[61,112347,72],{"class":71},[61,112349,1305],{"class":93},[61,112351,2113],{"class":75},[61,112353,106],{"class":93},[61,112355,1020],{"class":75},[61,112357,1324],{"class":93},[61,112359,112360,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,112361,112362],{"class":67},"set3 ",[61,112364,72],{"class":71},[61,112366,1305],{"class":93},[61,112368,1046],{"class":75},[61,112370,106],{"class":93},[61,112372,2505],{"class":75},[61,112374,1324],{"class":93},[61,112376,112377,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,112378,112379],{"class":67},"set4 ",[61,112381,72],{"class":71},[61,112383,1305],{"class":93},[61,112385,2552],{"class":75},[61,112387,106],{"class":93},[61,112389,4644],{"class":75},[61,112391,1324],{"class":93},[61,112393,112394],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,112395,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112397,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112421],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,112399,1593],{"class":67},[61,112401,72],{"class":71},[61,112403,110580],{"class":67},[61,112405,229],{"class":93},[61,112407,111098],{"class":102},[61,112409,94],{"class":93},[61,112411,100423],{"class":102},[61,112413,106],{"class":93},[61,112415,100450],{"class":102},[61,112417,106],{"class":93},[61,112419,112420],{"class":102}," set4",[61,112422,258],{"class":93},[61,112424,112425],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,112426,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112428,112429,112431,112433,112435],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,112430,90],{"class":89},[61,112432,94],{"class":93},[61,112434,1620],{"class":102},[61,112436,258],{"class":93},[20,112438,30057],{},[52,112440,112442],{"className":54,"code":112441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112443,112444],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112445,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112447,9310],{"class":93},[61,112449,3035],{"class":75},[61,112451,106],{"class":93},[61,112453,3040],{"class":75},[61,112455,106],{"class":93},[61,112457,1020],{"class":75},[61,112459,106],{"class":93},[61,112461,2505],{"class":75},[61,112463,106],{"class":93},[61,112465,4644],{"class":75},[61,112467,1324],{"class":93},[20,112469,112470],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[47,112472,8449,112474,112476],{"id":112473},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112475,102628],{}," with other iterables",[20,112478,112479,112481],{},[15,112480,102628],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[260,112483,112485],{"id":112484},"with-a-list","With a list",[52,112487,112489],{"className":54,"code":112488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112490,112491,112511,112535,112539,112557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112492,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112494,3661],{"class":67},[61,112496,72],{"class":71},[61,112498,1305],{"class":93},[61,112500,3035],{"class":75},[61,112502,106],{"class":93},[61,112504,3040],{"class":75},[61,112506,106],{"class":93},[61,112508,1020],{"class":75},[61,112510,1324],{"class":93},[61,112512,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,112514,60872],{"class":67},[61,112516,72],{"class":71},[61,112518,1088],{"class":93},[61,112520,1046],{"class":75},[61,112522,106],{"class":93},[61,112524,2505],{"class":75},[61,112526,106],{"class":93},[61,112528,4644],{"class":75},[61,112530,106],{"class":93},[61,112532,4644],{"class":75},[61,112534,1115],{"class":93},[61,112536,112537],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,112538,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112540,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,112542,1593],{"class":67},[61,112544,72],{"class":71},[61,112546,4303],{"class":67},[61,112548,229],{"class":93},[61,112550,111098],{"class":102},[61,112552,94],{"class":93},[61,112554,60901],{"class":102},[61,112556,258],{"class":93},[61,112558,112559,112561,112563,112565],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,112560,90],{"class":89},[61,112562,94],{"class":93},[61,112564,1620],{"class":102},[61,112566,258],{"class":93},[20,112568,30057],{},[52,112570,112571],{"className":54,"code":112441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,112572,112573],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112574,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112576,9310],{"class":93},[61,112578,3035],{"class":75},[61,112580,106],{"class":93},[61,112582,3040],{"class":75},[61,112584,106],{"class":93},[61,112586,1020],{"class":75},[61,112588,106],{"class":93},[61,112590,2505],{"class":75},[61,112592,106],{"class":93},[61,112594,4644],{"class":75},[61,112596,1324],{"class":93},[20,112598,21005,112599,112601],{},[15,112600,2192],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[260,112603,112605],{"id":112604},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[52,112607,112609],{"className":54,"code":112608,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112610,112611,112635,112668,112672,112691],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112612,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112614,36117],{"class":67},[61,112616,72],{"class":71},[61,112618,1305],{"class":93},[61,112620,1010],{"class":310},[61,112622,221],{"class":314},[61,112624,1010],{"class":310},[61,112626,106],{"class":93},[61,112628,311],{"class":310},[61,112630,1101],{"class":314},[61,112632,1010],{"class":310},[61,112634,1324],{"class":93},[61,112636,112637,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,112638,112639],{"class":67},"more_letters ",[61,112641,72],{"class":71},[61,112643,572],{"class":93},[61,112645,1010],{"class":310},[61,112647,1101],{"class":314},[61,112649,1010],{"class":310},[61,112651,106],{"class":93},[61,112653,311],{"class":310},[61,112655,1110],{"class":314},[61,112657,1010],{"class":310},[61,112659,106],{"class":93},[61,112661,311],{"class":310},[61,112663,18795],{"class":314},[61,112665,1010],{"class":310},[61,112667,258],{"class":93},[61,112669,112670],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,112671,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112673,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112689],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,112675,1593],{"class":67},[61,112677,72],{"class":71},[61,112679,69922],{"class":67},[61,112681,229],{"class":93},[61,112683,111098],{"class":102},[61,112685,94],{"class":93},[61,112687,112688],{"class":102},"more_letters",[61,112690,258],{"class":93},[61,112692,112693,112695,112697,112699],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,112694,90],{"class":89},[61,112696,94],{"class":93},[61,112698,1620],{"class":102},[61,112700,258],{"class":93},[20,112702,30057],{},[52,112704,112706],{"className":54,"code":112705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112707,112708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112709,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112711,9310],{"class":93},[61,112713,3348],{"class":310},[61,112715,221],{"class":314},[61,112717,3348],{"class":310},[61,112719,106],{"class":93},[61,112721,3343],{"class":310},[61,112723,1101],{"class":314},[61,112725,3348],{"class":310},[61,112727,106],{"class":93},[61,112729,3343],{"class":310},[61,112731,1110],{"class":314},[61,112733,3348],{"class":310},[61,112735,106],{"class":93},[61,112737,3343],{"class":310},[61,112739,18795],{"class":314},[61,112741,3348],{"class":310},[61,112743,1324],{"class":93},[260,112745,112747],{"id":112746},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112749,112750],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[52,112752,112754],{"className":54,"code":112753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112755,112756,112781,112804,112808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112757,112758,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112759,112760],{"class":67},"chars ",[61,112762,72],{"class":71},[61,112764,1305],{"class":93},[61,112766,1010],{"class":310},[61,112768,221],{"class":314},[61,112770,1010],{"class":310},[61,112772,106],{"class":93},[61,112774,311],{"class":310},[61,112776,1101],{"class":314},[61,112778,1010],{"class":310},[61,112780,1324],{"class":93},[61,112782,112783,112785,112787,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,112784,1593],{"class":67},[61,112786,72],{"class":71},[61,112788,112789],{"class":67}," chars",[61,112791,229],{"class":93},[61,112793,111098],{"class":102},[61,112795,94],{"class":93},[61,112797,1010],{"class":310},[61,112799,37075],{"class":314},[61,112801,1010],{"class":310},[61,112803,258],{"class":93},[61,112805,112806],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,112807,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112809,112810,112812,112814,112816],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,112811,90],{"class":89},[61,112813,94],{"class":93},[61,112815,1620],{"class":102},[61,112817,258],{"class":93},[20,112819,30057],{},[52,112821,112823],{"className":54,"code":112822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112824,112825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112826,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112828,9310],{"class":93},[61,112830,3348],{"class":310},[61,112832,221],{"class":314},[61,112834,3348],{"class":310},[61,112836,106],{"class":93},[61,112838,3343],{"class":310},[61,112840,1101],{"class":314},[61,112842,3348],{"class":310},[61,112844,106],{"class":93},[61,112846,3343],{"class":310},[61,112848,1110],{"class":314},[61,112850,3348],{"class":310},[61,112852,106],{"class":93},[61,112854,3343],{"class":310},[61,112856,63112],{"class":314},[61,112858,3348],{"class":310},[61,112860,1324],{"class":93},[20,112862,22217,112863,112866],{},[15,112864,112865],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[164,112868,112869,112873,112877],{},[167,112870,112871],{},[15,112872,66307],{},[167,112874,112875],{},[15,112876,18123],{},[167,112878,112879],{},[15,112880,112881],{},"\"t\"",[47,112883,112885,741,112887],{"id":112884},"union-vs-update",[15,112886,102628],{},[15,112888,14981],{},[20,112890,112891,749,112893,112895],{},[15,112892,102628],{},[15,112894,14981],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[260,112897,112898],{"id":111098},[15,112899,102628],{},[164,112901,112902,112904],{},[167,112903,110460],{},[167,112905,110469],{},[52,112907,112908],{"className":54,"code":111993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,112909,112910,112926,112942,112946,112964,112968,112980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112911,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112913,2602],{"class":67},[61,112915,72],{"class":71},[61,112917,1305],{"class":93},[61,112919,3035],{"class":75},[61,112921,106],{"class":93},[61,112923,3040],{"class":75},[61,112925,1324],{"class":93},[61,112927,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,112929,2630],{"class":67},[61,112931,72],{"class":71},[61,112933,1305],{"class":93},[61,112935,2113],{"class":75},[61,112937,106],{"class":93},[61,112939,1020],{"class":75},[61,112941,1324],{"class":93},[61,112943,112944],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,112945,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112947,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,112949,1593],{"class":67},[61,112951,72],{"class":71},[61,112953,56711],{"class":67},[61,112955,229],{"class":93},[61,112957,111098],{"class":102},[61,112959,94],{"class":93},[61,112961,1101],{"class":102},[61,112963,258],{"class":93},[61,112965,112966],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,112967,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,112969,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,112971,90],{"class":89},[61,112973,94],{"class":93},[61,112975,1620],{"class":102},[61,112977,664],{"class":93},[61,112979,112066],{"class":116},[61,112981,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,112983,90],{"class":89},[61,112985,94],{"class":93},[61,112987,221],{"class":102},[61,112989,664],{"class":93},[61,112991,112079],{"class":116},[260,112993,112994],{"id":30492},[15,112995,14981],{},[164,112997,112998,113001],{},[167,112999,113000],{},"changes the existing set in place",[167,113002,113003],{},"does not create a separate result set",[52,113005,113007],{"className":54,"code":113006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113008,113009,113025,113041,113045,113059,113063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113010,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113012,2602],{"class":67},[61,113014,72],{"class":71},[61,113016,1305],{"class":93},[61,113018,3035],{"class":75},[61,113020,106],{"class":93},[61,113022,3040],{"class":75},[61,113024,1324],{"class":93},[61,113026,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113028,2630],{"class":67},[61,113030,72],{"class":71},[61,113032,1305],{"class":93},[61,113034,2113],{"class":75},[61,113036,106],{"class":93},[61,113038,1020],{"class":75},[61,113040,1324],{"class":93},[61,113042,113043],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113044,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,113046,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,113048,221],{"class":67},[61,113050,229],{"class":93},[61,113052,30492],{"class":102},[61,113054,94],{"class":93},[61,113056,1101],{"class":102},[61,113058,258],{"class":93},[61,113060,113061],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,113062,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,113064,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,113066,90],{"class":89},[61,113068,94],{"class":93},[61,113070,221],{"class":102},[61,113072,664],{"class":93},[61,113074,112066],{"class":116},[20,113076,143,113077,113079],{},[15,113078,102628],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113081,113082,113083,229],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[221,113084,13,113085,10770],{"href":98348},[15,113086,97143],{},[47,113088,1387],{"id":1386},[260,113090,8485,113092,113094],{"id":113091},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113093,102628],{}," to change the original set",[20,113096,81653],{},[52,113098,113100],{"className":54,"code":113099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113101,113102,113118,113134,113138,113152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113103,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113105,2602],{"class":67},[61,113107,72],{"class":71},[61,113109,1305],{"class":93},[61,113111,3035],{"class":75},[61,113113,106],{"class":93},[61,113115,3040],{"class":75},[61,113117,1324],{"class":93},[61,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113121,2630],{"class":67},[61,113123,72],{"class":71},[61,113125,1305],{"class":93},[61,113127,2113],{"class":75},[61,113129,106],{"class":93},[61,113131,1020],{"class":75},[61,113133,1324],{"class":93},[61,113135,113136],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113137,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,113139,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,113141,221],{"class":67},[61,113143,229],{"class":93},[61,113145,111098],{"class":102},[61,113147,94],{"class":93},[61,113149,1101],{"class":102},[61,113151,258],{"class":93},[61,113153,113154,113156,113158,113160],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,113155,90],{"class":89},[61,113157,94],{"class":93},[61,113159,221],{"class":102},[61,113161,258],{"class":93},[20,113163,345],{},[52,113165,113166],{"className":54,"code":100336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,113167,113168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113169,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113171,9310],{"class":93},[61,113173,3035],{"class":75},[61,113175,106],{"class":93},[61,113177,3040],{"class":75},[61,113179,1324],{"class":93},[20,113181,8528,113182,113184],{},[15,113183,102628],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113186,113187],{},"Fix it like this:",[52,113189,113191],{"className":54,"code":113190,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113192,113193,113209,113225,113229,113247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113194,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113196,2602],{"class":67},[61,113198,72],{"class":71},[61,113200,1305],{"class":93},[61,113202,3035],{"class":75},[61,113204,106],{"class":93},[61,113206,3040],{"class":75},[61,113208,1324],{"class":93},[61,113210,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113212,2630],{"class":67},[61,113214,72],{"class":71},[61,113216,1305],{"class":93},[61,113218,2113],{"class":75},[61,113220,106],{"class":93},[61,113222,1020],{"class":75},[61,113224,1324],{"class":93},[61,113226,113227],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113228,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,113230,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,113232,2602],{"class":67},[61,113234,72],{"class":71},[61,113236,56711],{"class":67},[61,113238,229],{"class":93},[61,113240,111098],{"class":102},[61,113242,94],{"class":93},[61,113244,1101],{"class":102},[61,113246,258],{"class":93},[61,113248,113249,113251,113253,113255],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,113250,90],{"class":89},[61,113252,94],{"class":93},[61,113254,221],{"class":102},[61,113256,258],{"class":93},[260,113258,113260],{"id":113259},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113262,113263],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[52,113265,113267],{"className":54,"code":113266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113268,113269,113285,113301,113305],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113272,2602],{"class":67},[61,113274,72],{"class":71},[61,113276,1305],{"class":93},[61,113278,1046],{"class":75},[61,113280,106],{"class":93},[61,113282,5535],{"class":75},[61,113284,1324],{"class":93},[61,113286,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113288,2630],{"class":67},[61,113290,72],{"class":71},[61,113292,1305],{"class":93},[61,113294,2113],{"class":75},[61,113296,106],{"class":93},[61,113298,2505],{"class":75},[61,113300,1324],{"class":93},[61,113302,113303],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113304,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,113306,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319,113321],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,113308,90],{"class":89},[61,113310,94],{"class":93},[61,113312,221],{"class":102},[61,113314,229],{"class":93},[61,113316,111098],{"class":102},[61,113318,94],{"class":93},[61,113320,1101],{"class":102},[61,113322,342],{"class":93},[20,113324,113325],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[260,113327,113329],{"id":113328},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[52,113331,113333],{"className":54,"code":113332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113334,113335,113351,113373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113336,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347,113349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113338,4109],{"class":67},[61,113340,72],{"class":71},[61,113342,1305],{"class":93},[61,113344,1010],{"class":310},[61,113346,57951],{"class":314},[61,113348,1010],{"class":310},[61,113350,1324],{"class":93},[61,113352,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113354,1593],{"class":67},[61,113356,72],{"class":71},[61,113358,6207],{"class":67},[61,113360,229],{"class":93},[61,113362,111098],{"class":102},[61,113364,94],{"class":93},[61,113366,1010],{"class":310},[61,113368,37075],{"class":314},[61,113370,1010],{"class":310},[61,113372,258],{"class":93},[61,113374,113375,113377,113379,113381],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113376,90],{"class":89},[61,113378,94],{"class":93},[61,113380,1620],{"class":102},[61,113382,258],{"class":93},[20,113384,113385,113386,186,113388,196,113390,113392,113393,113395],{},"This adds ",[15,113387,66307],{},[15,113389,18123],{},[15,113391,112881],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113394,112865],{}," as one item.",[20,113397,113398],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[52,113400,113402],{"className":54,"code":113401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113403,113404,113420,113442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113405,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113407,4109],{"class":67},[61,113409,72],{"class":71},[61,113411,1305],{"class":93},[61,113413,1010],{"class":310},[61,113415,57951],{"class":314},[61,113417,1010],{"class":310},[61,113419,1324],{"class":93},[61,113421,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113423,1593],{"class":67},[61,113425,72],{"class":71},[61,113427,6207],{"class":67},[61,113429,229],{"class":93},[61,113431,111098],{"class":102},[61,113433,3032],{"class":93},[61,113435,1010],{"class":310},[61,113437,37075],{"class":314},[61,113439,1010],{"class":310},[61,113441,1365],{"class":93},[61,113443,113444,113446,113448,113450],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113445,90],{"class":89},[61,113447,94],{"class":93},[61,113449,1620],{"class":102},[61,113451,258],{"class":93},[260,113453,113455],{"id":113454},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113457,2885],{},[52,113459,113461],{"className":54,"code":113460,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113462,113463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113464,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113466,15656],{"class":67},[61,113468,72],{"class":71},[61,113470,1305],{"class":93},[61,113472,3035],{"class":75},[61,113474,106],{"class":93},[61,113476,3040],{"class":75},[61,113478,106],{"class":93},[61,113480,1088],{"class":93},[61,113482,1046],{"class":75},[61,113484,106],{"class":93},[61,113486,2505],{"class":75},[61,113488,13732],{"class":93},[20,113490,113491],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113493,113494,113495,1314],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113496,102628],{},[52,113498,113500],{"className":54,"code":113499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113501,113502,113518,113540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113503,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113505,15656],{"class":67},[61,113507,72],{"class":71},[61,113509,1305],{"class":93},[61,113511,3035],{"class":75},[61,113513,106],{"class":93},[61,113515,3040],{"class":75},[61,113517,1324],{"class":93},[61,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536,113538],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113521,1593],{"class":67},[61,113523,72],{"class":71},[61,113525,96753],{"class":67},[61,113527,229],{"class":93},[61,113529,111098],{"class":102},[61,113531,3032],{"class":93},[61,113533,1046],{"class":75},[61,113535,106],{"class":93},[61,113537,2505],{"class":75},[61,113539,1365],{"class":93},[61,113541,113542,113544,113546,113548],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113543,90],{"class":89},[61,113545,94],{"class":93},[61,113547,1620],{"class":102},[61,113549,258],{"class":93},[47,113551,113553],{"id":113552},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113555,113556],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[164,113558,113559,113565,113572,113575],{},[167,113560,113561,113562,113564],{},"call ",[15,113563,102628],{}," without saving the returned set",[167,113566,113567,113568,8738,113570],{},"confuse ",[15,113569,102628],{},[15,113571,14981],{},[167,113573,113574],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[167,113576,113577],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113579,113580,113581,749,113585,229],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[221,113582,13,113583,10770],{"href":102617},[15,113584,106402],{},[221,113586,13,113588,10770],{"href":113587},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113589,100248],{},[20,113591,62120],{},[52,113593,113595],{"className":54,"code":113594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113596,113597,113607,113621,113631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113598,113599,113601,113603,113605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113600,90],{"class":89},[61,113602,94],{"class":93},[61,113604,15694],{"class":102},[61,113606,258],{"class":93},[61,113608,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113610,90],{"class":89},[61,113612,94],{"class":93},[61,113614,657],{"class":109},[61,113616,94],{"class":93},[61,113618,15694],{"class":102},[61,113620,342],{"class":93},[61,113622,113623,113625,113627,113629],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113624,90],{"class":89},[61,113626,94],{"class":93},[61,113628,1620],{"class":102},[61,113630,258],{"class":93},[61,113632,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,113634,32181],{"class":89},[61,113636,94],{"class":93},[61,113638,6326],{"class":109},[61,113640,229],{"class":93},[61,113642,111098],{"class":24778},[61,113644,258],{"class":93},[47,113646,1879],{"id":1878},[260,113648,1928,113650,102568],{"id":113649},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113651,107872],{},[20,113653,102571],{},[260,113655,1898,113657,113659],{"id":113656},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113658,102628],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113661,113662],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[260,113664,28355,113666,113668],{"id":113665},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113667,102628],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113670,42175,113671,113673],{},[15,113672,102628],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[260,113675,113677],{"id":113676},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113679,113680],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[260,113682,1911,113684,749,113686,1916],{"id":113683},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113685,102628],{},[15,113687,113688],{},"|",[20,113690,113691,113692,113694,113695,113697],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113693,113688],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113696,102628],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[47,113699,1938],{"id":1937},[164,113701,113702,113706,113712,113718,113724],{},[167,113703,113704],{},[221,113705,96157],{"href":97328},[167,113707,113708],{},[221,113709,13,113710,10770],{"href":98348},[15,113711,97143],{},[167,113713,113714],{},[221,113715,13,113716,10770],{"href":102617},[15,113717,106402],{},[167,113719,113720],{},[221,113721,13,113722,10770],{"href":113587},[15,113723,100248],{},[167,113725,113726],{},[221,113727,100173],{"href":98906},[1969,113729,113730],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":113732},[113733,113734,113736,113737,113738,113739,113741,113747,113752,113759,113760,113771],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":111828,"depth":79,"text":113735},"What set.union() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":21997,"depth":79,"text":21998},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":112315,"depth":79,"text":113740},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112473,"depth":79,"text":113742,"children":113743},"Using union() with other iterables",[113744,113745,113746],{"id":112484,"depth":86,"text":112485},{"id":112604,"depth":86,"text":112605},{"id":112746,"depth":86,"text":112747},{"id":112884,"depth":79,"text":113748,"children":113749},"union() vs update()",[113750,113751],{"id":111098,"depth":86,"text":102628},{"id":30492,"depth":86,"text":14981},{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":113753},[113754,113756,113757,113758],{"id":113091,"depth":86,"text":113755},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113259,"depth":86,"text":113260},{"id":113328,"depth":86,"text":113329},{"id":113454,"depth":86,"text":113455},{"id":113552,"depth":79,"text":113553},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":113761},[113762,113764,113766,113768,113769],{"id":113649,"depth":86,"text":113763},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113656,"depth":86,"text":113765},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113665,"depth":86,"text":113767},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113676,"depth":86,"text":113677},{"id":113683,"depth":86,"text":113770},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111708,"description":113772},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113778,"title":113779,"body":113780,"description":115669,"extension":2017,"meta":115670,"navigation":82,"path":96642,"seo":115671,"stem":115672,"__hash__":115673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113781,"toc":115635},[113782,113787,113792,113800,113802,113860,113865,113870,113874,113886,113889,113963,113968,113970,113972,113991,113993,114010,114013,114040,114042,114112,114116,114118,114124,114126,114187,114192,114194,114251,114255,114260,114325,114327,114347,114354,114358,114363,114448,114451,114458,114561,114565,114570,114628,114631,114642,114656,114663,114721,114728,114731,114741,114745,114803,114807,114873,114876,114934,114941,114948,114951,114955,114964,115033,115037,115043,115131,115141,115145,115149,115153,115156,115217,115222,115279,115283,115285,115320,115327,115329,115383,115390,115394,115397,115462,115471,115477,115534,115536,115541,115545,115549,115552,115559,115567,115571,115576,115580,115586,115588,115623,115632],[10,113783,96029,113785,11352],{"id":113784},"python-set-update-method",[15,113786,14981],{},[20,113788,113789,113791],{},[15,113790,97143],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113793,113794,113795,113799],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[221,113796,113797],{"href":98329},[15,113798,96037],{},", which adds only one item.",[47,113801,50],{"id":49},[52,113803,113805],{"className":54,"code":113804,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113806,113807,113823,113845,113855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113808,113809,113811,113813,113815,113817,113819,113821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113810,3661],{"class":67},[61,113812,72],{"class":71},[61,113814,1305],{"class":93},[61,113816,3035],{"class":75},[61,113818,106],{"class":93},[61,113820,3040],{"class":75},[61,113822,1324],{"class":93},[61,113824,113825,113827,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113826,3691],{"class":67},[61,113828,229],{"class":93},[61,113830,30492],{"class":102},[61,113832,3032],{"class":93},[61,113834,2113],{"class":75},[61,113836,106],{"class":93},[61,113838,1020],{"class":75},[61,113840,106],{"class":93},[61,113842,2505],{"class":75},[61,113844,1365],{"class":93},[61,113846,113847,113849,113851,113853],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113848,90],{"class":89},[61,113850,94],{"class":93},[61,113852,3691],{"class":102},[61,113854,258],{"class":93},[61,113856,113857],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,113858,113859],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113861,143,113862,113864],{},[15,113863,14981],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[47,113866,151,113868,154],{"id":113867},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113869,97143],{},[20,113871,113872,1314],{},[15,113873,97143],{},[164,113875,113876,113879,113881,113884],{},[167,113877,113878],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[167,113880,96144],{},[167,113882,113883],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[167,113885,96147],{},[20,113887,113888],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[52,113890,113892],{"className":54,"code":113891,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113893,113894,113918,113944,113948,113958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113895,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113897,13102],{"class":67},[61,113899,72],{"class":71},[61,113901,1305],{"class":93},[61,113903,1010],{"class":310},[61,113905,13119],{"class":314},[61,113907,1010],{"class":310},[61,113909,106],{"class":93},[61,113911,311],{"class":310},[61,113913,13136],{"class":314},[61,113915,1010],{"class":310},[61,113917,1324],{"class":93},[61,113919,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,113921,17529],{"class":67},[61,113923,229],{"class":93},[61,113925,30492],{"class":102},[61,113927,3032],{"class":93},[61,113929,1010],{"class":310},[61,113931,13136],{"class":314},[61,113933,1010],{"class":310},[61,113935,106],{"class":93},[61,113937,311],{"class":310},[61,113939,17482],{"class":314},[61,113941,1010],{"class":310},[61,113943,1365],{"class":93},[61,113945,113946],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,113947,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,113949,113950,113952,113954,113956],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,113951,90],{"class":89},[61,113953,94],{"class":93},[61,113955,17529],{"class":102},[61,113957,258],{"class":93},[61,113959,113960],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,113961,113962],{"class":116},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113964,21005,113965,113967],{},[15,113966,110863],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[47,113969,233],{"id":232},[20,113971,7252],{},[52,113973,113975],{"className":54,"code":113974,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113976,113977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113978,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113980,15694],{"class":67},[61,113982,229],{"class":93},[61,113984,30492],{"class":102},[61,113986,94],{"class":93},[61,113988,3761],{"class":102},[61,113990,258],{"class":93},[20,113992,80029],{},[164,113994,113995,113998,114001,114004,114007],{},[167,113996,113997],{},"A list",[167,113999,114000],{},"A tuple",[167,114002,114003],{},"Another set",[167,114005,114006],{},"A string",[167,114008,114009],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114011,114012],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[52,114014,114016],{"className":54,"code":114015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114017,114018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114019,114020,114022,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114021,15694],{"class":67},[61,114023,229],{"class":93},[61,114025,30492],{"class":102},[61,114027,94],{"class":93},[61,114029,221],{"class":102},[61,114031,106],{"class":93},[61,114033,2607],{"class":102},[61,114035,106],{"class":93},[61,114037,9713],{"class":102},[61,114039,258],{"class":93},[20,114041,295],{},[52,114043,114045],{"className":54,"code":114044,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114046,114047,114059,114093,114097,114107],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114048,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114050,3865],{"class":67},[61,114052,72],{"class":71},[61,114054,1305],{"class":93},[61,114056,3035],{"class":75},[61,114058,1324],{"class":93},[61,114060,114061,114063,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114062,5396],{"class":67},[61,114064,229],{"class":93},[61,114066,30492],{"class":102},[61,114068,3032],{"class":93},[61,114070,2113],{"class":75},[61,114072,106],{"class":93},[61,114074,1020],{"class":75},[61,114076,18089],{"class":93},[61,114078,572],{"class":93},[61,114080,2552],{"class":75},[61,114082,106],{"class":93},[61,114084,4644],{"class":75},[61,114086,9266],{"class":93},[61,114088,1305],{"class":93},[61,114090,80420],{"class":75},[61,114092,30524],{"class":93},[61,114094,114095],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114096,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114098,114099,114101,114103,114105],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114100,90],{"class":89},[61,114102,94],{"class":93},[61,114104,5396],{"class":102},[61,114106,258],{"class":93},[61,114108,114109],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114110,114111],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114113,96153,114114,229],{},[221,114115,96161],{"href":97712},[47,114117,21998],{"id":21997},[20,114119,114120,2446,114122,229],{},[15,114121,97143],{},[15,114123,3820],{},[20,114125,11741],{},[52,114127,114129],{"className":54,"code":114128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114130,114131,114147,114169,114173,114183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114132,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114134,3661],{"class":67},[61,114136,72],{"class":71},[61,114138,1305],{"class":93},[61,114140,3035],{"class":75},[61,114142,106],{"class":93},[61,114144,3040],{"class":75},[61,114146,1324],{"class":93},[61,114148,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114150,1593],{"class":67},[61,114152,72],{"class":71},[61,114154,4303],{"class":67},[61,114156,229],{"class":93},[61,114158,30492],{"class":102},[61,114160,3032],{"class":93},[61,114162,1046],{"class":75},[61,114164,106],{"class":93},[61,114166,2505],{"class":75},[61,114168,1365],{"class":93},[61,114170,114171],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114172,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114174,114175,114177,114179,114181],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114176,90],{"class":89},[61,114178,94],{"class":93},[61,114180,1620],{"class":102},[61,114182,258],{"class":93},[61,114184,114185],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114186,61656],{"class":116},[20,114188,114189,114190,229],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114191,1620],{},[20,114193,18995],{},[52,114195,114197],{"className":54,"code":114196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114198,114199,114215,114233,114237,114247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114200,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114202,3661],{"class":67},[61,114204,72],{"class":71},[61,114206,1305],{"class":93},[61,114208,3035],{"class":75},[61,114210,106],{"class":93},[61,114212,3040],{"class":75},[61,114214,1324],{"class":93},[61,114216,114217,114219,114221,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114218,3691],{"class":67},[61,114220,229],{"class":93},[61,114222,30492],{"class":102},[61,114224,3032],{"class":93},[61,114226,1046],{"class":75},[61,114228,106],{"class":93},[61,114230,2505],{"class":75},[61,114232,1365],{"class":93},[61,114234,114235],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114236,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114238,114239,114241,114243,114245],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114240,90],{"class":89},[61,114242,94],{"class":93},[61,114244,3691],{"class":102},[61,114246,258],{"class":93},[61,114248,114249],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114250,113859],{"class":116},[47,114252,114254],{"id":114253},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114256,114257,114258,229],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114259,14981],{},[52,114261,114263],{"className":54,"code":114262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114264,114265,114281,114307,114311,114321],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114266,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114268,3661],{"class":67},[61,114270,72],{"class":71},[61,114272,1305],{"class":93},[61,114274,3035],{"class":75},[61,114276,106],{"class":93},[61,114278,3040],{"class":75},[61,114280,1324],{"class":93},[61,114282,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114284,3691],{"class":67},[61,114286,229],{"class":93},[61,114288,30492],{"class":102},[61,114290,3032],{"class":93},[61,114292,2113],{"class":75},[61,114294,106],{"class":93},[61,114296,1020],{"class":75},[61,114298,106],{"class":93},[61,114300,2505],{"class":75},[61,114302,106],{"class":93},[61,114304,2505],{"class":75},[61,114306,1365],{"class":93},[61,114308,114309],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114310,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114312,114313,114315,114317,114319],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114314,90],{"class":89},[61,114316,94],{"class":93},[61,114318,3691],{"class":102},[61,114320,258],{"class":93},[61,114322,114323],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114324,113859],{"class":116},[20,114326,11710],{},[164,114328,114329,114334,114341],{},[167,114330,114331,114333],{},[15,114332,2113],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[167,114335,114336,749,114338,114340],{},[15,114337,1046],{},[15,114339,2552],{}," are added",[167,114342,114343,114344,114346],{},"The second ",[15,114345,2552],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114348,114349,114350,114353],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[221,114351,114352],{"href":98906},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[47,114355,114357],{"id":114356},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114359,7797,114360,114362],{},[15,114361,14981],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[52,114364,114366],{"className":54,"code":114365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114367,114368,114389,114410,114414,114430,114434,114444],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114369,114370,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381,114383,114385,114387],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114371,114372],{"class":67},"set_a ",[61,114374,72],{"class":71},[61,114376,1305],{"class":93},[61,114378,3035],{"class":75},[61,114380,106],{"class":93},[61,114382,3040],{"class":75},[61,114384,106],{"class":93},[61,114386,1020],{"class":75},[61,114388,1324],{"class":93},[61,114390,114391,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114392,114393],{"class":67},"set_b ",[61,114395,72],{"class":71},[61,114397,1305],{"class":93},[61,114399,1046],{"class":75},[61,114401,106],{"class":93},[61,114403,2505],{"class":75},[61,114405,106],{"class":93},[61,114407,4644],{"class":75},[61,114409,1324],{"class":93},[61,114411,114412],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114413,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114415,114416,114419,114421,114423,114425,114428],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114417,114418],{"class":67},"set_a",[61,114420,229],{"class":93},[61,114422,30492],{"class":102},[61,114424,94],{"class":93},[61,114426,114427],{"class":102},"set_b",[61,114429,258],{"class":93},[61,114431,114432],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114433,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114435,114436,114438,114440,114442],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,114437,90],{"class":89},[61,114439,94],{"class":93},[61,114441,114418],{"class":102},[61,114443,258],{"class":93},[61,114445,114446],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,114447,111820],{"class":116},[20,114449,114450],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114452,114453,114454,229],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[221,114455,114456],{"href":102625},[15,114457,107872],{},[52,114459,114461],{"className":54,"code":114460,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114462,114463,114483,114503,114507,114527,114531,114542,114546,114556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114464,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473,114475,114477,114479,114481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114466,114372],{"class":67},[61,114468,72],{"class":71},[61,114470,1305],{"class":93},[61,114472,3035],{"class":75},[61,114474,106],{"class":93},[61,114476,3040],{"class":75},[61,114478,106],{"class":93},[61,114480,1020],{"class":75},[61,114482,1324],{"class":93},[61,114484,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114486,114393],{"class":67},[61,114488,72],{"class":71},[61,114490,1305],{"class":93},[61,114492,1046],{"class":75},[61,114494,106],{"class":93},[61,114496,2505],{"class":75},[61,114498,106],{"class":93},[61,114500,4644],{"class":75},[61,114502,1324],{"class":93},[61,114504,114505],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114506,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114508,114509,114512,114514,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114510,114511],{"class":67},"combined ",[61,114513,72],{"class":71},[61,114515,114516],{"class":67}," set_a",[61,114518,229],{"class":93},[61,114520,111098],{"class":102},[61,114522,94],{"class":93},[61,114524,114427],{"class":102},[61,114526,258],{"class":93},[61,114528,114529],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114530,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114532,114533,114535,114537,114540],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,114534,90],{"class":89},[61,114536,94],{"class":93},[61,114538,114539],{"class":102},"combined",[61,114541,258],{"class":93},[61,114543,114544],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,114545,111820],{"class":116},[61,114547,114548,114550,114552,114554],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,114549,90],{"class":89},[61,114551,94],{"class":93},[61,114553,114418],{"class":102},[61,114555,258],{"class":93},[61,114557,114558],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,114559,114560],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,114562,114564],{"id":114563},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114566,64565,114567,114569],{},[15,114568,14981],{}," adds each character separately.",[52,114571,114573],{"className":54,"code":114572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114574,114575,114591,114609,114613,114623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114576,114577,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114578,36117],{"class":67},[61,114580,72],{"class":71},[61,114582,1305],{"class":93},[61,114584,1010],{"class":310},[61,114586,2228],{"class":314},[61,114588,1010],{"class":310},[61,114590,1324],{"class":93},[61,114592,114593,114595,114597,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114594,36170],{"class":67},[61,114596,229],{"class":93},[61,114598,30492],{"class":102},[61,114600,94],{"class":93},[61,114602,1010],{"class":310},[61,114604,37075],{"class":314},[61,114606,1010],{"class":310},[61,114608,258],{"class":93},[61,114610,114611],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114612,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114614,114615,114617,114619,114621],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114616,90],{"class":89},[61,114618,94],{"class":93},[61,114620,36170],{"class":102},[61,114622,258],{"class":93},[61,114624,114625],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114626,114627],{"class":116},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114629,114630],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114632,114633,14080,114636,114638,114639,114641],{},[15,114634,114635],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3784,114637,4670],{}," add ",[15,114640,112865],{}," as one item. It adds:",[164,114643,114644,114648,114652],{},[167,114645,114646],{},[15,114647,66307],{},[167,114649,114650],{},[15,114651,18123],{},[167,114653,114654],{},[15,114655,112881],{},[20,114657,114658,114659,1314],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[221,114660,114661],{"href":98329},[15,114662,96037],{},[52,114664,114666],{"className":54,"code":114665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114667,114668,114684,114702,114706,114716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114669,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114671,4109],{"class":67},[61,114673,72],{"class":71},[61,114675,1305],{"class":93},[61,114677,1010],{"class":310},[61,114679,57951],{"class":314},[61,114681,1010],{"class":310},[61,114683,1324],{"class":93},[61,114685,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114687,4153],{"class":67},[61,114689,229],{"class":93},[61,114691,81932],{"class":102},[61,114693,94],{"class":93},[61,114695,1010],{"class":310},[61,114697,37075],{"class":314},[61,114699,1010],{"class":310},[61,114701,258],{"class":93},[61,114703,114704],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114705,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114707,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114709,90],{"class":89},[61,114711,94],{"class":93},[61,114713,4153],{"class":102},[61,114715,258],{"class":93},[61,114717,114718],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114719,114720],{"class":116},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[47,114722,114724,741,114726],{"id":114723},"update-vs-add",[15,114725,14981],{},[15,114727,96032],{},[20,114729,114730],{},"The difference is simple:",[164,114732,114733,114737],{},[167,114734,114735,96631],{},[15,114736,96032],{},[167,114738,114739,96636],{},[15,114740,14981],{},[20,114742,46055,114743,1314],{},[15,114744,96032],{},[52,114746,114748],{"className":54,"code":114747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114749,114750,114766,114784,114788,114798],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114751,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114753,36266],{"class":67},[61,114755,72],{"class":71},[61,114757,1305],{"class":93},[61,114759,1010],{"class":310},[61,114761,4118],{"class":314},[61,114763,1010],{"class":310},[61,114765,1324],{"class":93},[61,114767,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114769,36318],{"class":67},[61,114771,229],{"class":93},[61,114773,81932],{"class":102},[61,114775,94],{"class":93},[61,114777,1010],{"class":310},[61,114779,4127],{"class":314},[61,114781,1010],{"class":310},[61,114783,258],{"class":93},[61,114785,114786],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114787,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114789,114790,114792,114794,114796],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114791,90],{"class":89},[61,114793,94],{"class":93},[61,114795,36318],{"class":102},[61,114797,258],{"class":93},[61,114799,114800],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114801,114802],{"class":116},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114804,46055,114805,1314],{},[15,114806,14981],{},[52,114808,114810],{"className":54,"code":114809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114811,114812,114828,114854,114858,114868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114813,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114815,36266],{"class":67},[61,114817,72],{"class":71},[61,114819,1305],{"class":93},[61,114821,1010],{"class":310},[61,114823,4118],{"class":314},[61,114825,1010],{"class":310},[61,114827,1324],{"class":93},[61,114829,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114831,36318],{"class":67},[61,114833,229],{"class":93},[61,114835,30492],{"class":102},[61,114837,3032],{"class":93},[61,114839,1010],{"class":310},[61,114841,4127],{"class":314},[61,114843,1010],{"class":310},[61,114845,106],{"class":93},[61,114847,311],{"class":310},[61,114849,33250],{"class":314},[61,114851,1010],{"class":310},[61,114853,1365],{"class":93},[61,114855,114856],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114857,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114859,114860,114862,114864,114866],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114861,90],{"class":89},[61,114863,94],{"class":93},[61,114865,36318],{"class":102},[61,114867,258],{"class":93},[61,114869,114870],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114871,114872],{"class":116},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114874,114875],{},"Important warning with strings:",[52,114877,114879],{"className":54,"code":114878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114880,114881,114897,114915,114919,114929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114882,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114884,36266],{"class":67},[61,114886,72],{"class":71},[61,114888,1305],{"class":93},[61,114890,1010],{"class":310},[61,114892,4118],{"class":314},[61,114894,1010],{"class":310},[61,114896,1324],{"class":93},[61,114898,114899,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114900,36318],{"class":67},[61,114902,229],{"class":93},[61,114904,30492],{"class":102},[61,114906,94],{"class":93},[61,114908,1010],{"class":310},[61,114910,38369],{"class":314},[61,114912,1010],{"class":310},[61,114914,258],{"class":93},[61,114916,114917],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,114918,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,114920,114921,114923,114925,114927],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,114922,90],{"class":89},[61,114924,94],{"class":93},[61,114926,36318],{"class":102},[61,114928,258],{"class":93},[61,114930,114931],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,114932,114933],{"class":116},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114935,61931,114936,62004,114939,1649],{},[15,114937,114938],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114940,96032],{},[47,114942,114944,741,114946],{"id":114943},"update-vs-union",[15,114945,14981],{},[15,114947,102628],{},[20,114949,114950],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[260,114952,114953],{"id":30492},[15,114954,14981],{},[164,114956,114957,114960],{},[167,114958,114959],{},"Changes the existing set",[167,114961,172,114962],{},[15,114963,3820],{},[52,114965,114967],{"className":54,"code":114966,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114968,114969,114985,115001,115005,115019,115029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114970,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981,114983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114972,2602],{"class":67},[61,114974,72],{"class":71},[61,114976,1305],{"class":93},[61,114978,3035],{"class":75},[61,114980,106],{"class":93},[61,114982,3040],{"class":75},[61,114984,1324],{"class":93},[61,114986,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,114988,2630],{"class":67},[61,114990,72],{"class":71},[61,114992,1305],{"class":93},[61,114994,2113],{"class":75},[61,114996,106],{"class":93},[61,114998,1020],{"class":75},[61,115000,1324],{"class":93},[61,115002,115003],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115004,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115006,115007,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115008,221],{"class":67},[61,115010,229],{"class":93},[61,115012,30492],{"class":102},[61,115014,94],{"class":93},[61,115016,1101],{"class":102},[61,115018,258],{"class":93},[61,115020,115021,115023,115025,115027],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115022,90],{"class":89},[61,115024,94],{"class":93},[61,115026,221],{"class":102},[61,115028,258],{"class":93},[61,115030,115031],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,115032,114560],{"class":116},[260,115034,115035],{"id":111098},[15,115036,102628],{},[164,115038,115039,115041],{},[167,115040,101166],{},[167,115042,101169],{},[52,115044,115046],{"className":54,"code":115045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115047,115048,115064,115080,115084,115102,115112,115116,115126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115049,115050,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115051,2602],{"class":67},[61,115053,72],{"class":71},[61,115055,1305],{"class":93},[61,115057,3035],{"class":75},[61,115059,106],{"class":93},[61,115061,3040],{"class":75},[61,115063,1324],{"class":93},[61,115065,115066,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076,115078],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115067,2630],{"class":67},[61,115069,72],{"class":71},[61,115071,1305],{"class":93},[61,115073,2113],{"class":75},[61,115075,106],{"class":93},[61,115077,1020],{"class":75},[61,115079,1324],{"class":93},[61,115081,115082],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115083,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115085,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098,115100],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115087,83012],{"class":67},[61,115089,72],{"class":71},[61,115091,56711],{"class":67},[61,115093,229],{"class":93},[61,115095,111098],{"class":102},[61,115097,94],{"class":93},[61,115099,1101],{"class":102},[61,115101,258],{"class":93},[61,115103,115104,115106,115108,115110],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115105,90],{"class":89},[61,115107,94],{"class":93},[61,115109,1110],{"class":102},[61,115111,258],{"class":93},[61,115113,115114],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,115115,114560],{"class":116},[61,115117,115118,115120,115122,115124],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,115119,90],{"class":89},[61,115121,94],{"class":93},[61,115123,221],{"class":102},[61,115125,258],{"class":93},[61,115127,115128],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,115129,115130],{"class":116},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115132,107514,115133,115135,115136,115140],{},[15,115134,14981],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[221,115137,115138],{"href":102625},[15,115139,102628],{}," when you want a new set.",[47,115142,115144],{"id":115143},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115146,10777,115147,229],{},[15,115148,97143],{},[260,115150,115152],{"id":115151},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115154,115155],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[52,115157,115159],{"className":54,"code":115158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115160,115161,115177,115199,115203,115213],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115162,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115164,15656],{"class":67},[61,115166,72],{"class":71},[61,115168,1305],{"class":93},[61,115170,3035],{"class":75},[61,115172,106],{"class":93},[61,115174,3040],{"class":75},[61,115176,1324],{"class":93},[61,115178,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115180,1593],{"class":67},[61,115182,72],{"class":71},[61,115184,96753],{"class":67},[61,115186,229],{"class":93},[61,115188,30492],{"class":102},[61,115190,3032],{"class":93},[61,115192,1046],{"class":75},[61,115194,106],{"class":93},[61,115196,2505],{"class":75},[61,115198,1365],{"class":93},[61,115200,115201],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115202,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115204,115205,115207,115209,115211],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115206,90],{"class":89},[61,115208,94],{"class":93},[61,115210,1620],{"class":102},[61,115212,258],{"class":93},[61,115214,115215],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115216,61656],{"class":116},[20,115218,115219,115220,1314],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115221,14981],{},[52,115223,115225],{"className":54,"code":115224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115226,115227,115243,115261,115265,115275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115228,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239,115241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115230,15656],{"class":67},[61,115232,72],{"class":71},[61,115234,1305],{"class":93},[61,115236,3035],{"class":75},[61,115238,106],{"class":93},[61,115240,3040],{"class":75},[61,115242,1324],{"class":93},[61,115244,115245,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255,115257,115259],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115246,15694],{"class":67},[61,115248,229],{"class":93},[61,115250,30492],{"class":102},[61,115252,3032],{"class":93},[61,115254,1046],{"class":75},[61,115256,106],{"class":93},[61,115258,2505],{"class":75},[61,115260,1365],{"class":93},[61,115262,115263],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115264,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115266,115267,115269,115271,115273],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115268,90],{"class":89},[61,115270,94],{"class":93},[61,115272,15694],{"class":102},[61,115274,258],{"class":93},[61,115276,115277],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115278,113859],{"class":116},[260,115280,115282],{"id":115281},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115284,2885],{},[52,115286,115288],{"className":54,"code":115287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115289,115290,115306],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115291,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115293,15656],{"class":67},[61,115295,72],{"class":71},[61,115297,1305],{"class":93},[61,115299,3035],{"class":75},[61,115301,106],{"class":93},[61,115303,3040],{"class":75},[61,115305,1324],{"class":93},[61,115307,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115309,15694],{"class":67},[61,115311,229],{"class":93},[61,115313,30492],{"class":102},[61,115315,94],{"class":93},[61,115317,2192],{"class":75},[61,115319,258],{"class":93},[20,115321,62110,115322,8634,115324,115326],{},[15,115323,1382],{},[15,115325,2192],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115328,6589],{},[52,115330,115332],{"className":54,"code":115331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115333,115334,115350,115364,115368,115378],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115335,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115337,15656],{"class":67},[61,115339,72],{"class":71},[61,115341,1305],{"class":93},[61,115343,3035],{"class":75},[61,115345,106],{"class":93},[61,115347,3040],{"class":75},[61,115349,1324],{"class":93},[61,115351,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115353,15694],{"class":67},[61,115355,229],{"class":93},[61,115357,30492],{"class":102},[61,115359,3032],{"class":93},[61,115361,2192],{"class":75},[61,115363,1365],{"class":93},[61,115365,115366],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115367,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115369,115370,115372,115374,115376],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115371,90],{"class":89},[61,115373,94],{"class":93},[61,115375,15694],{"class":102},[61,115377,258],{"class":93},[61,115379,115380],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115381,115382],{"class":116},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115384,45928,115385,229],{},[221,115386,25708,115387],{"href":52422},[15,115388,115389],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[260,115391,115393],{"id":115392},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115395,115396],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[52,115398,115400],{"className":54,"code":115399,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115401,115402,115418,115444,115448,115458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115403,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412,115414,115416],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115405,15656],{"class":67},[61,115407,72],{"class":71},[61,115409,1305],{"class":93},[61,115411,3035],{"class":75},[61,115413,106],{"class":93},[61,115415,3040],{"class":75},[61,115417,1324],{"class":93},[61,115419,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115421,15694],{"class":67},[61,115423,229],{"class":93},[61,115425,30492],{"class":102},[61,115427,3032],{"class":93},[61,115429,2113],{"class":75},[61,115431,106],{"class":93},[61,115433,3040],{"class":75},[61,115435,106],{"class":93},[61,115437,3040],{"class":75},[61,115439,106],{"class":93},[61,115441,1020],{"class":75},[61,115443,1365],{"class":93},[61,115445,115446],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115447,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115449,115450,115452,115454,115456],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115451,90],{"class":89},[61,115453,94],{"class":93},[61,115455,15694],{"class":102},[61,115457,258],{"class":93},[61,115459,115460],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115461,114560],{"class":116},[260,115463,115465,115466,44649,115468,115470],{"id":115464},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115467,14981],{},[15,115469,96032],{}," is better",[20,115472,115473,115474,115476],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115475,96032],{}," is usually the better choice.",[52,115478,115480],{"className":54,"code":115479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115481,115482,115498,115516,115520,115530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115483,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494,115496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115485,15656],{"class":67},[61,115487,72],{"class":71},[61,115489,1305],{"class":93},[61,115491,1010],{"class":310},[61,115493,57951],{"class":314},[61,115495,1010],{"class":310},[61,115497,1324],{"class":93},[61,115499,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115501,15694],{"class":67},[61,115503,229],{"class":93},[61,115505,81932],{"class":102},[61,115507,94],{"class":93},[61,115509,1010],{"class":310},[61,115511,37075],{"class":314},[61,115513,1010],{"class":310},[61,115515,258],{"class":93},[61,115517,115518],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115519,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115521,115522,115524,115526,115528],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115523,90],{"class":89},[61,115525,94],{"class":93},[61,115527,15694],{"class":102},[61,115529,258],{"class":93},[61,115531,115532],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115533,114720],{"class":116},[47,115535,1879],{"id":1878},[260,115537,1928,115539,97122],{"id":115538},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115540,97143],{},[20,115542,97125,115543,229],{},[15,115544,3820],{},[260,115546,28355,115547,32255],{"id":32252},[15,115548,14981],{},[20,115550,115551],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[260,115553,1911,115555,749,115557,1916],{"id":115554},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115556,96032],{},[15,115558,14981],{},[20,115560,115561,115563,115564,115566],{},[15,115562,96032],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115565,14981],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[260,115568,115570],{"id":115569},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115572,115573,115574,114569],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115575,14981],{},[260,115577,115579],{"id":115578},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115581,143,115582,1395,115584,229],{},[15,115583,102628],{},[15,115585,14981],{},[47,115587,1938],{"id":1937},[164,115589,115590,115597,115604,115610,115616],{},[167,115591,115592],{},[221,115593,115594],{"href":98329},[15,115595,115596],{},"Python set add() method",[167,115598,115599],{},[221,115600,115601],{"href":102625},[15,115602,115603],{},"Python set union() method",[167,115605,115606],{},[221,115607,115608],{"href":97712},[15,115609,97167],{},[167,115611,115612],{},[221,115613,115614],{"href":98906},[15,115615,100173],{},[167,115617,115618],{},[221,115619,115620,115622],{"href":52422},[15,115621,115389],{}," fix",[20,115624,115625,115626,115628,115629,115631],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115627,96037],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115630,107872],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1969,115633,115634],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":115636},[115637,115638,115640,115641,115642,115643,115644,115645,115647,115652,115659,115668],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":113867,"depth":79,"text":115639},"What set.update() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":21997,"depth":79,"text":21998},{"id":114253,"depth":79,"text":114254},{"id":114356,"depth":79,"text":114357},{"id":114563,"depth":79,"text":114564},{"id":114723,"depth":79,"text":115646},"update() vs add()",{"id":114943,"depth":79,"text":115648,"children":115649},"update() vs union()",[115650,115651],{"id":30492,"depth":86,"text":14981},{"id":111098,"depth":86,"text":102628},{"id":115143,"depth":79,"text":115144,"children":115653},[115654,115655,115656,115657],{"id":115151,"depth":86,"text":115152},{"id":115281,"depth":86,"text":115282},{"id":115392,"depth":86,"text":115393},{"id":115464,"depth":86,"text":115658},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":115660},[115661,115663,115664,115666,115667],{"id":115538,"depth":86,"text":115662},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32252,"depth":86,"text":32325},{"id":115554,"depth":86,"text":115665},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115569,"depth":86,"text":115570},{"id":115578,"depth":86,"text":115579},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113779,"description":115669},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115675,"title":115676,"body":115677,"description":117443,"extension":2017,"meta":117444,"navigation":82,"path":13816,"seo":117445,"stem":117446,"__hash__":117447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115678,"toc":117418},[115679,115682,115685,115688,115699,115707,115710,115712,115861,115873,115877,115894,115898,115906,115908,115919,115921,116018,116024,116027,116123,116132,116137,116141,116146,116148,116158,116160,116269,116277,116281,116284,116287,116304,116310,116390,116393,116397,116400,116404,116407,116466,116469,116473,116476,116568,116572,116575,116682,116686,116692,116720,116722,116804,116814,116818,116821,116832,116835,116920,116923,116928,116932,116935,116946,116949,117091,117094,117098,117101,117115,117118,117179,117185,117187,117190,117212,117215,117315,117318,117350,117352,117356,117359,117361,117364,117368,117371,117375,117378,117382,117385,117387,117415],[10,115680,115676],{"id":115681},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115683,115684],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115686,115687],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[164,115689,115690,115693,115696],{},[167,115691,115692],{},"a list inside another list",[167,115694,115695],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[167,115697,115698],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115700,100095,115701,749,115703,115706],{},[3784,115702,12877],{},[3784,115704,115705],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115708,115709],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[47,115711,2059],{"id":2058},[52,115713,115715],{"className":54,"code":115714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115716,115717,115724,115728,115754,115774,115794,115798,115816,115820,115833,115847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115718,115719,115721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115720,35116],{"class":672},[61,115722,115723],{"class":67}," copy\n",[61,115725,115726],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115727,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115729,115730,115732,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115731,12113],{"class":67},[61,115733,72],{"class":71},[61,115735,56117],{"class":93},[61,115737,3035],{"class":75},[61,115739,106],{"class":93},[61,115741,3040],{"class":75},[61,115743,18089],{"class":93},[61,115745,1088],{"class":93},[61,115747,1046],{"class":75},[61,115749,106],{"class":93},[61,115751,2505],{"class":75},[61,115753,53065],{"class":93},[61,115755,115756,115759,115761,115764,115766,115768,115770,115772],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115757,115758],{"class":67},"shallow ",[61,115760,72],{"class":71},[61,115762,115763],{"class":67}," copy",[61,115765,229],{"class":93},[61,115767,12937],{"class":102},[61,115769,94],{"class":93},[61,115771,12160],{"class":102},[61,115773,258],{"class":93},[61,115775,115776,115779,115781,115783,115785,115788,115790,115792],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115777,115778],{"class":67},"deep ",[61,115780,72],{"class":71},[61,115782,115763],{"class":67},[61,115784,229],{"class":93},[61,115786,115787],{"class":102},"deepcopy",[61,115789,94],{"class":93},[61,115791,12160],{"class":102},[61,115793,258],{"class":93},[61,115795,115796],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,115797,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115799,115800,115802,115804,115806,115808,115810,115812,115814],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,115801,12160],{"class":67},[61,115803,1356],{"class":93},[61,115805,2175],{"class":75},[61,115807,13577],{"class":93},[61,115809,13580],{"class":102},[61,115811,94],{"class":93},[61,115813,56170],{"class":75},[61,115815,258],{"class":93},[61,115817,115818],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,115819,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115821,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,115823,90],{"class":89},[61,115825,94],{"class":93},[61,115827,12160],{"class":102},[61,115829,664],{"class":93},[61,115831,115832],{"class":116},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,115834,115835,115837,115839,115842,115844],{"class":63,"line":998},[61,115836,90],{"class":89},[61,115838,94],{"class":93},[61,115840,115841],{"class":102},"shallow",[61,115843,664],{"class":93},[61,115845,115846],{"class":116},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,115848,115849,115851,115853,115856,115858],{"class":63,"line":1025},[61,115850,90],{"class":89},[61,115852,94],{"class":93},[61,115854,115855],{"class":102},"deep",[61,115857,664],{"class":93},[61,115859,115860],{"class":116},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115862,143,115863,115866,115867,749,115869,115872],{},[15,115864,115865],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3784,115868,12877],{},[15,115870,115871],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[47,115874,115876],{"id":115875},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[164,115878,115879,115882,115885,115888,115891],{},[167,115880,115881],{},"What a copy means in Python",[167,115883,115884],{},"How shallow copy works",[167,115886,115887],{},"How deep copy works",[167,115889,115890],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[167,115892,115893],{},"When to use each approach",[47,115895,115897],{"id":115896},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115899,15216,115900,115902,115903,115905],{},[3784,115901,12877],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3784,115904,4670],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115907,2162],{},[164,115909,115910,115913,115916],{},[167,115911,115912],{},"the outer container is new",[167,115914,115915],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[167,115917,115918],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115920,295],{},[52,115922,115924],{"className":54,"code":115923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115925,115926,115952,115966,115970,115988,115992,116005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115927,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938,115940,115942,115944,115946,115948,115950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115929,12113],{"class":67},[61,115931,72],{"class":71},[61,115933,56117],{"class":93},[61,115935,3035],{"class":75},[61,115937,106],{"class":93},[61,115939,3040],{"class":75},[61,115941,18089],{"class":93},[61,115943,1088],{"class":93},[61,115945,1046],{"class":75},[61,115947,106],{"class":93},[61,115949,2505],{"class":75},[61,115951,53065],{"class":93},[61,115953,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,115955,14338],{"class":67},[61,115957,72],{"class":71},[61,115959,12188],{"class":67},[61,115961,229],{"class":93},[61,115963,12937],{"class":102},[61,115965,8676],{"class":93},[61,115967,115968],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,115969,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115971,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,115973,14357],{"class":67},[61,115975,229],{"class":93},[61,115977,13580],{"class":102},[61,115979,3032],{"class":93},[61,115981,2192],{"class":75},[61,115983,106],{"class":93},[61,115985,37672],{"class":75},[61,115987,1365],{"class":93},[61,115989,115990],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,115991,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,115993,115994,115996,115998,116000,116002],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,115995,90],{"class":89},[61,115997,94],{"class":93},[61,115999,12160],{"class":102},[61,116001,664],{"class":93},[61,116003,116004],{"class":116},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[61,116006,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,116008,90],{"class":89},[61,116010,94],{"class":93},[61,116012,14357],{"class":102},[61,116014,664],{"class":93},[61,116016,116017],{"class":116},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116019,116020,116021,116023],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116022,14357],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116025,116026],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[52,116028,116030],{"className":54,"code":116029,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116031,116032,116058,116072,116076,116094,116098,116110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116033,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116035,12113],{"class":67},[61,116037,72],{"class":71},[61,116039,56117],{"class":93},[61,116041,3035],{"class":75},[61,116043,106],{"class":93},[61,116045,3040],{"class":75},[61,116047,18089],{"class":93},[61,116049,1088],{"class":93},[61,116051,1046],{"class":75},[61,116053,106],{"class":93},[61,116055,2505],{"class":75},[61,116057,53065],{"class":93},[61,116059,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116061,14338],{"class":67},[61,116063,72],{"class":71},[61,116065,12188],{"class":67},[61,116067,229],{"class":93},[61,116069,12937],{"class":102},[61,116071,8676],{"class":93},[61,116073,116074],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116075,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116077,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116079,14357],{"class":67},[61,116081,1356],{"class":93},[61,116083,2175],{"class":75},[61,116085,13577],{"class":93},[61,116087,13580],{"class":102},[61,116089,94],{"class":93},[61,116091,56170],{"class":75},[61,116093,258],{"class":93},[61,116095,116096],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,116097,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116099,116100,116102,116104,116106,116108],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,116101,90],{"class":89},[61,116103,94],{"class":93},[61,116105,12160],{"class":102},[61,116107,664],{"class":93},[61,116109,115832],{"class":116},[61,116111,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,116113,90],{"class":89},[61,116115,94],{"class":93},[61,116117,14357],{"class":102},[61,116119,664],{"class":93},[61,116121,116122],{"class":116},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116124,116125,116126,749,116128,116131],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116127,56274],{},[15,116129,116130],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116133,116134,116135,229],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[221,116136,43957],{"href":12092},[47,116138,116140],{"id":116139},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116142,15216,116143,116145],{},[3784,116144,115705],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116147,2162],{},[164,116149,116150,116152,116155],{},[167,116151,115912],{},[167,116153,116154],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[167,116156,116157],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116159,295],{},[52,116161,116163],{"className":54,"code":116162,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116164,116165,116171,116175,116201,116219,116223,116241,116245,116257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116166,116167,116169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116168,35116],{"class":672},[61,116170,115723],{"class":67},[61,116172,116173],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116174,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116176,116177,116179,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116178,12113],{"class":67},[61,116180,72],{"class":71},[61,116182,56117],{"class":93},[61,116184,3035],{"class":75},[61,116186,106],{"class":93},[61,116188,3040],{"class":75},[61,116190,18089],{"class":93},[61,116192,1088],{"class":93},[61,116194,1046],{"class":75},[61,116196,106],{"class":93},[61,116198,2505],{"class":75},[61,116200,53065],{"class":93},[61,116202,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116204,14338],{"class":67},[61,116206,72],{"class":71},[61,116208,115763],{"class":67},[61,116210,229],{"class":93},[61,116212,115787],{"class":102},[61,116214,94],{"class":93},[61,116216,12160],{"class":102},[61,116218,258],{"class":93},[61,116220,116221],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,116222,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,116226,14357],{"class":67},[61,116228,1356],{"class":93},[61,116230,2175],{"class":75},[61,116232,13577],{"class":93},[61,116234,13580],{"class":102},[61,116236,94],{"class":93},[61,116238,56170],{"class":75},[61,116240,258],{"class":93},[61,116242,116243],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,116244,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116246,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,116248,90],{"class":89},[61,116250,94],{"class":93},[61,116252,12160],{"class":102},[61,116254,664],{"class":93},[61,116256,116004],{"class":116},[61,116258,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,116260,90],{"class":89},[61,116262,94],{"class":93},[61,116264,14357],{"class":102},[61,116266,664],{"class":93},[61,116268,116122],{"class":116},[20,116270,116271,116272,116274,116275,229],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116273,116130],{}," does not change ",[15,116276,56274],{},[47,116278,116280],{"id":116279},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116282,116283],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116285,116286],{},"Common reasons:",[164,116288,116289,116292,116295,116301],{},[167,116290,116291],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[167,116293,116294],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[167,116296,116297,116298,116300],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116299,72],{}," does not make a copy",[167,116302,116303],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116305,116306,116307,116309],{},"For example, this does ",[3784,116308,4670],{}," create a copy:",[52,116311,116313],{"className":54,"code":116312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116314,116315,116335,116343,116347,116361,116365,116377],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116316,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116318,12113],{"class":67},[61,116320,72],{"class":71},[61,116322,1088],{"class":93},[61,116324,3035],{"class":75},[61,116326,106],{"class":93},[61,116328,3040],{"class":75},[61,116330,106],{"class":93},[61,116332,1020],{"class":75},[61,116334,1115],{"class":93},[61,116336,116337,116339,116341],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116338,14338],{"class":67},[61,116340,72],{"class":71},[61,116342,12151],{"class":67},[61,116344,116345],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116346,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116348,116349,116351,116353,116355,116357,116359],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116350,14357],{"class":67},[61,116352,229],{"class":93},[61,116354,13580],{"class":102},[61,116356,94],{"class":93},[61,116358,2552],{"class":75},[61,116360,258],{"class":93},[61,116362,116363],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,116364,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116366,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,116368,90],{"class":89},[61,116370,94],{"class":93},[61,116372,12160],{"class":102},[61,116374,664],{"class":93},[61,116376,55524],{"class":116},[61,116378,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,116380,90],{"class":89},[61,116382,94],{"class":93},[61,116384,14357],{"class":102},[61,116386,664],{"class":93},[61,116388,116389],{"class":116},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116391,116392],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[47,116394,116396],{"id":116395},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116398,116399],{},"These three ideas are different.",[260,116401,116403],{"id":116402},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116405,116406],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[52,116408,116410],{"className":54,"code":116409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116411,116412,116438,116446,116450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116413,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116415,12113],{"class":67},[61,116417,72],{"class":71},[61,116419,56117],{"class":93},[61,116421,3035],{"class":75},[61,116423,106],{"class":93},[61,116425,3040],{"class":75},[61,116427,18089],{"class":93},[61,116429,1088],{"class":93},[61,116431,1046],{"class":75},[61,116433,106],{"class":93},[61,116435,2505],{"class":75},[61,116437,53065],{"class":93},[61,116439,116440,116442,116444],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116441,14129],{"class":67},[61,116443,72],{"class":71},[61,116445,12151],{"class":67},[61,116447,116448],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116449,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116451,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116453,90],{"class":89},[61,116455,94],{"class":93},[61,116457,12113],{"class":102},[61,116459,1199],{"class":672},[61,116461,14197],{"class":102},[61,116463,664],{"class":93},[61,116465,3706],{"class":116},[20,116467,116468],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[260,116470,116472],{"id":116471},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116474,116475],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[52,116477,116479],{"className":54,"code":116478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116480,116481,116507,116521,116525,116542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116482,116483,116485,116487,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116484,12113],{"class":67},[61,116486,72],{"class":71},[61,116488,56117],{"class":93},[61,116490,3035],{"class":75},[61,116492,106],{"class":93},[61,116494,3040],{"class":75},[61,116496,18089],{"class":93},[61,116498,1088],{"class":93},[61,116500,1046],{"class":75},[61,116502,106],{"class":93},[61,116504,2505],{"class":75},[61,116506,53065],{"class":93},[61,116508,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116510,115758],{"class":67},[61,116512,72],{"class":71},[61,116514,12188],{"class":67},[61,116516,229],{"class":93},[61,116518,12937],{"class":102},[61,116520,8676],{"class":93},[61,116522,116523],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116524,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116526,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116538,116540],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116528,90],{"class":89},[61,116530,94],{"class":93},[61,116532,12113],{"class":102},[61,116534,1199],{"class":672},[61,116536,116537],{"class":102}," shallow",[61,116539,664],{"class":93},[61,116541,21228],{"class":116},[61,116543,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,116545,90],{"class":89},[61,116547,94],{"class":93},[61,116549,12160],{"class":102},[61,116551,1356],{"class":93},[61,116553,2175],{"class":75},[61,116555,13300],{"class":93},[61,116557,8130],{"class":672},[61,116559,116537],{"class":102},[61,116561,1356],{"class":93},[61,116563,2175],{"class":75},[61,116565,20473],{"class":93},[61,116567,3706],{"class":116},[260,116569,116571],{"id":116570},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116573,116574],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[52,116576,116578],{"className":54,"code":116577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116579,116580,116586,116590,116616,116634,116638,116656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116581,116582,116584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116583,35116],{"class":672},[61,116585,115723],{"class":67},[61,116587,116588],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116589,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116591,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116593,12113],{"class":67},[61,116595,72],{"class":71},[61,116597,56117],{"class":93},[61,116599,3035],{"class":75},[61,116601,106],{"class":93},[61,116603,3040],{"class":75},[61,116605,18089],{"class":93},[61,116607,1088],{"class":93},[61,116609,1046],{"class":75},[61,116611,106],{"class":93},[61,116613,2505],{"class":75},[61,116615,53065],{"class":93},[61,116617,116618,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116619,115778],{"class":67},[61,116621,72],{"class":71},[61,116623,115763],{"class":67},[61,116625,229],{"class":93},[61,116627,115787],{"class":102},[61,116629,94],{"class":93},[61,116631,12160],{"class":102},[61,116633,258],{"class":93},[61,116635,116636],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,116637,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116639,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116651,116653],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,116641,90],{"class":89},[61,116643,94],{"class":93},[61,116645,12113],{"class":102},[61,116647,1199],{"class":672},[61,116649,116650],{"class":102}," deep",[61,116652,664],{"class":93},[61,116654,116655],{"class":116},"         # False\n",[61,116657,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678,116680],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,116659,90],{"class":89},[61,116661,94],{"class":93},[61,116663,12160],{"class":102},[61,116665,1356],{"class":93},[61,116667,2175],{"class":75},[61,116669,13300],{"class":93},[61,116671,8130],{"class":672},[61,116673,116650],{"class":102},[61,116675,1356],{"class":93},[61,116677,2175],{"class":75},[61,116679,20473],{"class":93},[61,116681,140],{"class":116},[47,116683,116685],{"id":116684},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116687,116688,116689,1314],{},"These all make ",[3784,116690,116691],{},"shallow copies",[164,116693,116694,116698,116702,116707,116713],{},[167,116695,116696],{},[15,116697,55424],{},[167,116699,116700],{},[15,116701,12461],{},[167,116703,116704],{},[15,116705,116706],{},"set.copy()",[167,116708,116709,116710],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116711,116712],{},"my_list[:]",[167,116714,116715,116717,116718,35106],{},[15,116716,115865],{}," from the ",[15,116719,12937],{},[20,116721,2181],{},[52,116723,116725],{"className":54,"code":116724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116726,116727,116747,116751,116765,116776,116780,116792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116728,116729,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116730,3661],{"class":67},[61,116732,72],{"class":71},[61,116734,1088],{"class":93},[61,116736,3035],{"class":75},[61,116738,106],{"class":93},[61,116740,3040],{"class":75},[61,116742,106],{"class":93},[61,116744,1020],{"class":75},[61,116746,1115],{"class":93},[61,116748,116749],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116750,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116752,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116754,2602],{"class":67},[61,116756,72],{"class":71},[61,116758,4303],{"class":67},[61,116760,229],{"class":93},[61,116762,12937],{"class":102},[61,116764,8676],{"class":93},[61,116766,116767,116769,116771,116773],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116768,2630],{"class":67},[61,116770,72],{"class":71},[61,116772,4303],{"class":67},[61,116774,116775],{"class":93},"[:]\n",[61,116777,116778],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,116779,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116781,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,116783,90],{"class":89},[61,116785,94],{"class":93},[61,116787,221],{"class":102},[61,116789,664],{"class":93},[61,116791,54755],{"class":116},[61,116793,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,116795,90],{"class":89},[61,116797,94],{"class":93},[61,116799,1101],{"class":102},[61,116801,664],{"class":93},[61,116803,54755],{"class":116},[20,116805,72966,116806,47546,116810,229],{},[221,116807,116808,10770],{"href":54783},[15,116809,55424],{},[221,116811,116812,10770],{"href":12458},[15,116813,12461],{},[47,116815,116817],{"id":116816},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116819,116820],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[164,116822,116823,116826,116829],{},[167,116824,116825],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[167,116827,116828],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[167,116830,116831],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116833,116834],{},"Example with a flat list:",[52,116836,116838],{"className":54,"code":116837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116839,116840,116860,116874,116878,116892,116896,116908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116841,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116843,12113],{"class":67},[61,116845,72],{"class":71},[61,116847,1088],{"class":93},[61,116849,3035],{"class":75},[61,116851,106],{"class":93},[61,116853,3040],{"class":75},[61,116855,106],{"class":93},[61,116857,1020],{"class":75},[61,116859,1115],{"class":93},[61,116861,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870,116872],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116863,14338],{"class":67},[61,116865,72],{"class":71},[61,116867,12188],{"class":67},[61,116869,229],{"class":93},[61,116871,12937],{"class":102},[61,116873,8676],{"class":93},[61,116875,116876],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116877,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116879,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888,116890],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116881,14357],{"class":67},[61,116883,229],{"class":93},[61,116885,13580],{"class":102},[61,116887,94],{"class":93},[61,116889,2552],{"class":75},[61,116891,258],{"class":93},[61,116893,116894],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,116895,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116897,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,116899,90],{"class":89},[61,116901,94],{"class":93},[61,116903,12160],{"class":102},[61,116905,664],{"class":93},[61,116907,54755],{"class":116},[61,116909,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,116911,90],{"class":89},[61,116913,94],{"class":93},[61,116915,14357],{"class":102},[61,116917,664],{"class":93},[61,116919,116389],{"class":116},[20,116921,116922],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116924,116925,116926,229],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[221,116927,14915],{"href":57043},[47,116929,116931],{"id":116930},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116933,116934],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[164,116936,116937,116940,116943],{},[167,116938,116939],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[167,116941,116942],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[167,116944,116945],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116947,116948],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[52,116950,116952],{"className":54,"code":116951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116953,116954,116960,116964,116990,117004,117022,117026,117048,117052,117065,117078],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116955,116956,116958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116957,35116],{"class":672},[61,116959,115723],{"class":67},[61,116961,116962],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,116963,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,116965,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986,116988],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,116967,12113],{"class":67},[61,116969,72],{"class":71},[61,116971,1305],{"class":93},[61,116973,1010],{"class":310},[61,116975,16417],{"class":314},[61,116977,1010],{"class":310},[61,116979,1314],{"class":93},[61,116981,1088],{"class":93},[61,116983,2379],{"class":75},[61,116985,106],{"class":93},[61,116987,7825],{"class":75},[61,116989,13732],{"class":93},[61,116991,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,116993,115758],{"class":67},[61,116995,72],{"class":71},[61,116997,12188],{"class":67},[61,116999,229],{"class":93},[61,117001,12937],{"class":102},[61,117003,8676],{"class":93},[61,117005,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,117007,115778],{"class":67},[61,117009,72],{"class":71},[61,117011,115763],{"class":67},[61,117013,229],{"class":93},[61,117015,115787],{"class":102},[61,117017,94],{"class":93},[61,117019,12160],{"class":102},[61,117021,258],{"class":93},[61,117023,117024],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,117025,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,117027,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,117029,12160],{"class":67},[61,117031,1356],{"class":93},[61,117033,1010],{"class":310},[61,117035,16417],{"class":314},[61,117037,1010],{"class":310},[61,117039,13577],{"class":93},[61,117041,13580],{"class":102},[61,117043,94],{"class":93},[61,117045,36869],{"class":75},[61,117047,258],{"class":93},[61,117049,117050],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,117051,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,117053,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,117055,90],{"class":89},[61,117057,94],{"class":93},[61,117059,12160],{"class":102},[61,117061,664],{"class":93},[61,117063,117064],{"class":116},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[61,117066,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075],{"class":63,"line":998},[61,117068,90],{"class":89},[61,117070,94],{"class":93},[61,117072,115841],{"class":102},[61,117074,664],{"class":93},[61,117076,117077],{"class":116},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[61,117079,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088],{"class":63,"line":1025},[61,117081,90],{"class":89},[61,117083,94],{"class":93},[61,117085,115855],{"class":102},[61,117087,664],{"class":93},[61,117089,117090],{"class":116},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117092,117093],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[47,117095,117097],{"id":117096},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117099,117100],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[164,117102,117103,117106,117109,117112],{},[167,117104,117105],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[167,117107,117108],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[167,117110,117111],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[167,117113,117114],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117116,117117],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[52,117119,117121],{"className":54,"code":117120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117122,117123,117131,117139,117143,117151,117155,117167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117124,117125,117127,117129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117126,2602],{"class":67},[61,117128,72],{"class":71},[61,117130,76],{"class":75},[61,117132,117133,117135,117137],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117134,2630],{"class":67},[61,117136,72],{"class":71},[61,117138,36202],{"class":67},[61,117140,117141],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,117142,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,117144,117145,117147,117149],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,117146,2630],{"class":67},[61,117148,72],{"class":71},[61,117150,14641],{"class":75},[61,117152,117153],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,117154,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,117156,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,117158,90],{"class":89},[61,117160,94],{"class":93},[61,117162,221],{"class":102},[61,117164,664],{"class":93},[61,117166,26821],{"class":116},[61,117168,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,117170,90],{"class":89},[61,117172,94],{"class":93},[61,117174,1101],{"class":102},[61,117176,664],{"class":93},[61,117178,27642],{"class":116},[20,117180,93337,117181,117184],{},[221,117182,117183],{"href":12092},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[47,117186,2878],{"id":2877},[20,117188,117189],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[164,117191,117192,117196,117201,117206,117209],{},[167,117193,8449,117194,56607],{},[15,117195,72],{},[167,117197,8449,117198,117200],{},[15,117199,55424],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[167,117202,8449,117203,117205],{},[15,117204,12461],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[167,117207,117208],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[167,117210,117211],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117213,117214],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[52,117216,117218],{"className":54,"code":117217,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117219,117220,117234,117248,117270,117301],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117221,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230,117232],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117223,90],{"class":89},[61,117225,94],{"class":93},[61,117227,12113],{"class":102},[61,117229,1199],{"class":672},[61,117231,14411],{"class":102},[61,117233,258],{"class":93},[61,117235,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244,117246],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117237,90],{"class":89},[61,117239,94],{"class":93},[61,117241,12113],{"class":102},[61,117243,4728],{"class":71},[61,117245,14411],{"class":102},[61,117247,258],{"class":93},[61,117249,117250,117252,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,117251,90],{"class":89},[61,117253,94],{"class":93},[61,117255,12676],{"class":89},[61,117257,94],{"class":93},[61,117259,12160],{"class":102},[61,117261,9266],{"class":93},[61,117263,14843],{"class":89},[61,117265,94],{"class":93},[61,117267,14357],{"class":102},[61,117269,342],{"class":93},[61,117271,117272,117274,117276,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286,117289,117291,117293,117295,117297,117299],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,117273,90],{"class":89},[61,117275,94],{"class":93},[61,117277,12676],{"class":89},[61,117279,94],{"class":93},[61,117281,12160],{"class":102},[61,117283,1356],{"class":93},[61,117285,2175],{"class":75},[61,117287,117288],{"class":93},"]),",[61,117290,14843],{"class":89},[61,117292,94],{"class":93},[61,117294,14357],{"class":102},[61,117296,1356],{"class":93},[61,117298,2175],{"class":75},[61,117300,1518],{"class":93},[61,117302,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,117304,90],{"class":89},[61,117306,94],{"class":93},[61,117308,657],{"class":109},[61,117310,94],{"class":93},[61,117312,12160],{"class":102},[61,117314,342],{"class":93},[20,117316,117317],{},"What they tell you:",[164,117319,117320,117325,117330,117335,117345],{},[167,117321,117322,117324],{},[15,117323,1199],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[167,117326,117327,117329],{},[15,117328,4728],{}," checks whether values are equal",[167,117331,117332,117334],{},[15,117333,43511],{}," shows the identity of an object",[167,117336,117337,117338,749,117341,117344],{},"comparing ",[15,117339,117340],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117342,117343],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[167,117346,117347,117349],{},[15,117348,44],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[47,117351,1879],{"id":1878},[260,117353,117355],{"id":117354},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117357,117358],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[260,117360,57093],{"id":57008},[20,117362,117363],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[260,117365,117367],{"id":117366},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117369,117370],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[260,117372,117374],{"id":117373},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117376,117377],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[260,117379,117381],{"id":117380},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117383,117384],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[47,117386,1938],{"id":1937},[164,117388,117389,117394,117400,117406,117410],{},[167,117390,117391],{},[221,117392,117393],{"href":12092},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[167,117395,117396],{},[221,117397,13,117398,10770],{"href":54783},[15,117399,55424],{},[167,117401,117402],{},[221,117403,13,117404,10770],{"href":12458},[15,117405,12461],{},[167,117407,117408],{},[221,117409,14992],{"href":57043},[167,117411,117412],{},[221,117413,117414],{"href":58318},"What is a list in Python?",[1969,117416,117417],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":117419},[117420,117421,117422,117423,117424,117425,117430,117431,117432,117433,117434,117435,117442],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":115875,"depth":79,"text":115876},{"id":115896,"depth":79,"text":115897},{"id":116139,"depth":79,"text":116140},{"id":116279,"depth":79,"text":116280},{"id":116395,"depth":79,"text":116396,"children":117426},[117427,117428,117429],{"id":116402,"depth":86,"text":116403},{"id":116471,"depth":86,"text":116472},{"id":116570,"depth":86,"text":116571},{"id":116684,"depth":79,"text":116685},{"id":116816,"depth":79,"text":116817},{"id":116930,"depth":79,"text":116931},{"id":117096,"depth":79,"text":117097},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":117436},[117437,117438,117439,117440,117441],{"id":117354,"depth":86,"text":117355},{"id":57008,"depth":86,"text":57093},{"id":117366,"depth":86,"text":117367},{"id":117373,"depth":86,"text":117374},{"id":117380,"depth":86,"text":117381},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115676,"description":117443},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117449,"title":117450,"body":117451,"description":119308,"extension":2017,"meta":119309,"navigation":82,"path":119310,"seo":119311,"stem":119312,"__hash__":119313},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117452,"toc":119266},[117453,117458,117463,117471,117473,117541,117546,117551,117566,117569,117571,117602,117604,117624,117627,117642,117644,117647,117720,117722,117767,117769,117780,117785,117789,117794,117797,117836,117838,117858,117861,117918,117920,117955,117958,117997,117999,118019,118022,118053,118055,118111,118113,118118,118189,118191,118224,118229,118234,118299,118301,118338,118341,118418,118420,118480,118487,118492,118495,118498,118579,118581,118622,118627,118630,118708,118710,118743,118752,118759,118762,118773,118776,118787,118791,118799,118808,118812,118817,118821,118826,118869,118872,118878,118881,118883,118930,118935,118939,118942,118991,118993,119014,119017,119019,119044,119047,119168,119173,119175,119180,119183,119188,119191,119199,119204,119211,119214,119222,119225,119227,119263],[10,117454,13,117456,18],{"id":117455},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117457,74250],{},[20,117459,117460,117462],{},[15,117461,74250],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117464,117465,117466,186,117468,117470],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117467,77693],{},[15,117469,74250],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[47,117472,50],{"id":49},[52,117474,117476],{"className":54,"code":117475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117477,117478,117498,117512,117516,117528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117479,117480,117482,117484,117486,117488,117490,117492,117494,117496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117481,3661],{"class":67},[61,117483,72],{"class":71},[61,117485,1088],{"class":93},[61,117487,1046],{"class":75},[61,117489,106],{"class":93},[61,117491,5535],{"class":75},[61,117493,106],{"class":93},[61,117495,3040],{"class":75},[61,117497,1115],{"class":93},[61,117499,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117501,1593],{"class":67},[61,117503,72],{"class":71},[61,117505,74384],{"class":89},[61,117507,94],{"class":93},[61,117509,3691],{"class":102},[61,117511,258],{"class":93},[61,117513,117514],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,117515,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,117517,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,117519,90],{"class":89},[61,117521,94],{"class":93},[61,117523,1620],{"class":102},[61,117525,664],{"class":93},[61,117527,55511],{"class":116},[61,117529,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,117531,90],{"class":89},[61,117533,94],{"class":93},[61,117535,3691],{"class":102},[61,117537,664],{"class":93},[61,117539,117540],{"class":116},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117542,117543,117545],{},[15,117544,74250],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[47,117547,151,117549,154],{"id":117548},"what-sorted-does",[15,117550,74250],{},[164,117552,117553,117557,117560,117563],{},[167,117554,117555,62751],{},[15,117556,74250],{},[167,117558,117559],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[167,117561,117562],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[167,117564,117565],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117567,117568],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[47,117570,233],{"id":232},[52,117572,117574],{"className":54,"code":117573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117575,117576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117577,117578,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117579,74340],{"class":89},[61,117581,94],{"class":93},[61,117583,3761],{"class":102},[61,117585,106],{"class":93},[61,117587,21607],{"class":9208},[61,117589,72],{"class":71},[61,117591,3820],{"class":355},[61,117593,106],{"class":93},[61,117595,77896],{"class":9208},[61,117597,72],{"class":71},[61,117599,34],{"class":355},[61,117601,258],{"class":93},[260,117603,17421],{"id":17420},[164,117605,117606,117611,117616],{},[167,117607,117608,117610],{},[15,117609,3761],{},": the values to sort",[167,117612,117613,117615],{},[15,117614,14868],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[167,117617,117618,117620,117621,117623],{},[15,117619,73403],{},": set to ",[15,117622,30],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117625,117626],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[52,117628,117630],{"className":54,"code":117629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117631,117632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117633,117634,117636,117638,117640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117635,74340],{"class":89},[61,117637,94],{"class":93},[61,117639,60132],{"class":102},[61,117641,258],{"class":93},[47,117643,359],{"id":358},[20,117645,117646],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[52,117648,117650],{"className":54,"code":117649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117651,117652,117676,117680,117695,117699,117710],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117653,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117655,3661],{"class":67},[61,117657,72],{"class":71},[61,117659,1088],{"class":93},[61,117661,2192],{"class":75},[61,117663,106],{"class":93},[61,117665,3040],{"class":75},[61,117667,106],{"class":93},[61,117669,6399],{"class":75},[61,117671,106],{"class":93},[61,117673,5535],{"class":75},[61,117675,1115],{"class":93},[61,117677,117678],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117679,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,117681,117682,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,117683,117684],{"class":67},"sorted_numbers ",[61,117686,72],{"class":71},[61,117688,74384],{"class":89},[61,117690,94],{"class":93},[61,117692,3691],{"class":102},[61,117694,258],{"class":93},[61,117696,117697],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,117698,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,117700,117701,117703,117705,117708],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,117702,90],{"class":89},[61,117704,94],{"class":93},[61,117706,117707],{"class":102},"sorted_numbers",[61,117709,258],{"class":93},[61,117711,117712,117714,117716,117718],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,117713,90],{"class":89},[61,117715,94],{"class":93},[61,117717,3691],{"class":102},[61,117719,258],{"class":93},[20,117721,345],{},[52,117723,117725],{"className":54,"code":117724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117726,117727,117747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117728,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117730,1356],{"class":93},[61,117732,3035],{"class":75},[61,117734,106],{"class":93},[61,117736,3040],{"class":75},[61,117738,106],{"class":93},[61,117740,4644],{"class":75},[61,117742,106],{"class":93},[61,117744,6399],{"class":75},[61,117746,1115],{"class":93},[61,117748,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117750,1356],{"class":93},[61,117752,2192],{"class":75},[61,117754,106],{"class":93},[61,117756,3040],{"class":75},[61,117758,106],{"class":93},[61,117760,6399],{"class":75},[61,117762,106],{"class":93},[61,117764,5535],{"class":75},[61,117766,1115],{"class":93},[20,117768,13789],{},[164,117770,117771,117776],{},[167,117772,117773,117775],{},[15,117774,117707],{}," is a new sorted list",[167,117777,117778,112312],{},[15,117779,3691],{},[20,117781,117782,117783,229],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[221,117784,78203],{"href":78202},[47,117786,117788],{"id":117787},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117790,117791,117793],{},[15,117792,74250],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[260,117795,117796],{"id":192},"List",[52,117798,117800],{"className":54,"code":117799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117801,117802,117822],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117803,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117805,3661],{"class":67},[61,117807,72],{"class":71},[61,117809,1088],{"class":93},[61,117811,1046],{"class":75},[61,117813,106],{"class":93},[61,117815,5535],{"class":75},[61,117817,106],{"class":93},[61,117819,3040],{"class":75},[61,117821,1115],{"class":93},[61,117823,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117825,90],{"class":89},[61,117827,94],{"class":93},[61,117829,74340],{"class":89},[61,117831,94],{"class":93},[61,117833,3691],{"class":102},[61,117835,342],{"class":93},[20,117837,345],{},[52,117839,117840],{"className":54,"code":54973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,117841,117842],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117843,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117845,1356],{"class":93},[61,117847,3035],{"class":75},[61,117849,106],{"class":93},[61,117851,3040],{"class":75},[61,117853,106],{"class":93},[61,117855,1020],{"class":75},[61,117857,1115],{"class":93},[260,117859,117860],{"id":195},"Tuple",[52,117862,117864],{"className":54,"code":117863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117865,117866,117886,117900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117867,117868,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117869,3865],{"class":67},[61,117871,72],{"class":71},[61,117873,572],{"class":93},[61,117875,1046],{"class":75},[61,117877,106],{"class":93},[61,117879,5535],{"class":75},[61,117881,106],{"class":93},[61,117883,3040],{"class":75},[61,117885,258],{"class":93},[61,117887,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117889,90],{"class":89},[61,117891,94],{"class":93},[61,117893,74340],{"class":89},[61,117895,94],{"class":93},[61,117897,5396],{"class":102},[61,117899,342],{"class":93},[61,117901,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,117903,90],{"class":89},[61,117905,94],{"class":93},[61,117907,657],{"class":109},[61,117909,94],{"class":93},[61,117911,74340],{"class":89},[61,117913,94],{"class":93},[61,117915,5396],{"class":102},[61,117917,582],{"class":93},[20,117919,345],{},[52,117921,117923],{"className":54,"code":117922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117924,117925,117941],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117926,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117928,1356],{"class":93},[61,117930,3035],{"class":75},[61,117932,106],{"class":93},[61,117934,3040],{"class":75},[61,117936,106],{"class":93},[61,117938,1020],{"class":75},[61,117940,1115],{"class":93},[61,117942,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117944,3337],{"class":71},[61,117946,3340],{"class":882},[61,117948,3343],{"class":310},[61,117950,192],{"class":314},[61,117952,3348],{"class":310},[61,117954,3351],{"class":71},[260,117956,117957],{"id":6326},"Set",[52,117959,117961],{"className":54,"code":117960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117962,117963,117983],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117964,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117966,3865],{"class":67},[61,117968,72],{"class":71},[61,117970,1305],{"class":93},[61,117972,1046],{"class":75},[61,117974,106],{"class":93},[61,117976,5535],{"class":75},[61,117978,106],{"class":93},[61,117980,3040],{"class":75},[61,117982,1324],{"class":93},[61,117984,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,117986,90],{"class":89},[61,117988,94],{"class":93},[61,117990,74340],{"class":89},[61,117992,94],{"class":93},[61,117994,5396],{"class":102},[61,117996,342],{"class":93},[20,117998,345],{},[52,118000,118001],{"className":54,"code":54973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,118002,118003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118004,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118006,1356],{"class":93},[61,118008,3035],{"class":75},[61,118010,106],{"class":93},[61,118012,3040],{"class":75},[61,118014,106],{"class":93},[61,118016,1020],{"class":75},[61,118018,1115],{"class":93},[260,118020,118021],{"id":60999},"String",[52,118023,118025],{"className":54,"code":118024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118026,118027,118039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118028,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118030,450],{"class":67},[61,118032,72],{"class":71},[61,118034,311],{"class":310},[61,118036,56],{"class":314},[61,118038,318],{"class":310},[61,118040,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118042,90],{"class":89},[61,118044,94],{"class":93},[61,118046,74340],{"class":89},[61,118048,94],{"class":93},[61,118050,476],{"class":102},[61,118052,342],{"class":93},[20,118054,345],{},[52,118056,118057],{"className":54,"code":79220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,118058,118059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118060,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118062,1356],{"class":93},[61,118064,3348],{"class":310},[61,118066,60263],{"class":314},[61,118068,3348],{"class":310},[61,118070,106],{"class":93},[61,118072,3343],{"class":310},[61,118074,75856],{"class":314},[61,118076,3348],{"class":310},[61,118078,106],{"class":93},[61,118080,3343],{"class":310},[61,118082,60298],{"class":314},[61,118084,3348],{"class":310},[61,118086,106],{"class":93},[61,118088,3343],{"class":310},[61,118090,20],{"class":314},[61,118092,3348],{"class":310},[61,118094,106],{"class":93},[61,118096,3343],{"class":310},[61,118098,63112],{"class":314},[61,118100,3348],{"class":310},[61,118102,106],{"class":93},[61,118104,3343],{"class":310},[61,118106,11772],{"class":314},[61,118108,3348],{"class":310},[61,118110,1115],{"class":93},[260,118112,29250],{"id":15632},[20,118114,63365,118115,118117],{},[15,118116,74250],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[52,118119,118121],{"className":54,"code":118120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118122,118123,118175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118124,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118126,13231],{"class":67},[61,118128,72],{"class":71},[61,118130,1305],{"class":93},[61,118132,1010],{"class":310},[61,118134,335],{"class":314},[61,118136,1010],{"class":310},[61,118138,1314],{"class":93},[61,118140,311],{"class":310},[61,118142,1319],{"class":314},[61,118144,1010],{"class":310},[61,118146,106],{"class":93},[61,118148,311],{"class":310},[61,118150,9331],{"class":314},[61,118152,1010],{"class":310},[61,118154,1314],{"class":93},[61,118156,7825],{"class":75},[61,118158,106],{"class":93},[61,118160,311],{"class":310},[61,118162,10440],{"class":314},[61,118164,1010],{"class":310},[61,118166,1314],{"class":93},[61,118168,311],{"class":310},[61,118170,16059],{"class":314},[61,118172,1010],{"class":310},[61,118174,1324],{"class":93},[61,118176,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118178,90],{"class":89},[61,118180,94],{"class":93},[61,118182,74340],{"class":89},[61,118184,94],{"class":93},[61,118186,17333],{"class":102},[61,118188,342],{"class":93},[20,118190,345],{},[52,118192,118194],{"className":54,"code":118193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118195,118196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118197,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118199,1356],{"class":93},[61,118201,3348],{"class":310},[61,118203,9331],{"class":314},[61,118205,3348],{"class":310},[61,118207,106],{"class":93},[61,118209,3343],{"class":310},[61,118211,10440],{"class":314},[61,118213,3348],{"class":310},[61,118215,106],{"class":93},[61,118217,3343],{"class":310},[61,118219,335],{"class":314},[61,118221,3348],{"class":310},[61,118223,1115],{"class":93},[47,118225,8449,118227],{"id":118226},"using-reversetrue",[15,118228,77917],{},[20,118230,143,118231,118233],{},[15,118232,77917],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[52,118235,118237],{"className":54,"code":118236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118238,118239,118259,118263,118277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118240,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118242,3661],{"class":67},[61,118244,72],{"class":71},[61,118246,1088],{"class":93},[61,118248,1046],{"class":75},[61,118250,106],{"class":93},[61,118252,5535],{"class":75},[61,118254,106],{"class":93},[61,118256,3040],{"class":75},[61,118258,1115],{"class":93},[61,118260,118261],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118262,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,118264,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,118266,90],{"class":89},[61,118268,94],{"class":93},[61,118270,74340],{"class":89},[61,118272,94],{"class":93},[61,118274,3691],{"class":102},[61,118276,342],{"class":93},[61,118278,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,118280,90],{"class":89},[61,118282,94],{"class":93},[61,118284,74340],{"class":89},[61,118286,94],{"class":93},[61,118288,3691],{"class":102},[61,118290,106],{"class":93},[61,118292,77896],{"class":9208},[61,118294,72],{"class":71},[61,118296,30],{"class":355},[61,118298,342],{"class":93},[20,118300,345],{},[52,118302,118304],{"className":54,"code":118303,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118305,118306,118322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118307,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118309,1356],{"class":93},[61,118311,3035],{"class":75},[61,118313,106],{"class":93},[61,118315,3040],{"class":75},[61,118317,106],{"class":93},[61,118319,1020],{"class":75},[61,118321,1115],{"class":93},[61,118323,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118325,1356],{"class":93},[61,118327,1046],{"class":75},[61,118329,106],{"class":93},[61,118331,3040],{"class":75},[61,118333,106],{"class":93},[61,118335,5535],{"class":75},[61,118337,1115],{"class":93},[20,118339,118340],{},"This also works with strings:",[52,118342,118344],{"className":54,"code":118343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118345,118346,118378,118382,118396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118347,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118349,4109],{"class":67},[61,118351,72],{"class":71},[61,118353,1088],{"class":93},[61,118355,1010],{"class":310},[61,118357,4118],{"class":314},[61,118359,1010],{"class":310},[61,118361,106],{"class":93},[61,118363,311],{"class":310},[61,118365,4127],{"class":314},[61,118367,1010],{"class":310},[61,118369,106],{"class":93},[61,118371,311],{"class":310},[61,118373,4136],{"class":314},[61,118375,1010],{"class":310},[61,118377,1115],{"class":93},[61,118379,118380],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118381,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,118383,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,118385,90],{"class":89},[61,118387,94],{"class":93},[61,118389,74340],{"class":89},[61,118391,94],{"class":93},[61,118393,4153],{"class":102},[61,118395,342],{"class":93},[61,118397,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,118399,90],{"class":89},[61,118401,94],{"class":93},[61,118403,74340],{"class":89},[61,118405,94],{"class":93},[61,118407,4153],{"class":102},[61,118409,106],{"class":93},[61,118411,77896],{"class":9208},[61,118413,72],{"class":71},[61,118415,30],{"class":355},[61,118417,342],{"class":93},[20,118419,345],{},[52,118421,118422],{"className":54,"code":73984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,118423,118424,118452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118425,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118427,1356],{"class":93},[61,118429,3348],{"class":310},[61,118431,4118],{"class":314},[61,118433,3348],{"class":310},[61,118435,106],{"class":93},[61,118437,3343],{"class":310},[61,118439,4127],{"class":314},[61,118441,3348],{"class":310},[61,118443,106],{"class":93},[61,118445,3343],{"class":310},[61,118447,4136],{"class":314},[61,118449,3348],{"class":310},[61,118451,1115],{"class":93},[61,118453,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118455,1356],{"class":93},[61,118457,3348],{"class":310},[61,118459,4136],{"class":314},[61,118461,3348],{"class":310},[61,118463,106],{"class":93},[61,118465,3343],{"class":310},[61,118467,4127],{"class":314},[61,118469,3348],{"class":310},[61,118471,106],{"class":93},[61,118473,3343],{"class":310},[61,118475,4118],{"class":314},[61,118477,3348],{"class":310},[61,118479,1115],{"class":93},[47,118481,8449,118483,118486],{"id":118482},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118484,118485],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118488,2034,118489,118491],{},[15,118490,118485],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118493,118494],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118496,118497],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[52,118499,118501],{"className":54,"code":118500,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118502,118503,118543,118547,118569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118504,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118506,4109],{"class":67},[61,118508,72],{"class":71},[61,118510,1088],{"class":93},[61,118512,1010],{"class":310},[61,118514,78570],{"class":314},[61,118516,1010],{"class":310},[61,118518,106],{"class":93},[61,118520,311],{"class":310},[61,118522,38386],{"class":314},[61,118524,1010],{"class":310},[61,118526,106],{"class":93},[61,118528,311],{"class":310},[61,118530,4127],{"class":314},[61,118532,1010],{"class":310},[61,118534,106],{"class":93},[61,118536,311],{"class":310},[61,118538,38369],{"class":314},[61,118540,1010],{"class":310},[61,118542,1115],{"class":93},[61,118544,118545],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118546,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,118548,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,118550,1593],{"class":67},[61,118552,72],{"class":71},[61,118554,74384],{"class":89},[61,118556,94],{"class":93},[61,118558,4153],{"class":102},[61,118560,106],{"class":93},[61,118562,21607],{"class":9208},[61,118564,72],{"class":71},[61,118566,11191],{"class":89},[61,118568,258],{"class":93},[61,118570,118571,118573,118575,118577],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,118572,90],{"class":89},[61,118574,94],{"class":93},[61,118576,1620],{"class":102},[61,118578,258],{"class":93},[20,118580,345],{},[52,118582,118584],{"className":54,"code":118583,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118585,118586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118587,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118589,1356],{"class":93},[61,118591,3348],{"class":310},[61,118593,38386],{"class":314},[61,118595,3348],{"class":310},[61,118597,106],{"class":93},[61,118599,3343],{"class":310},[61,118601,78570],{"class":314},[61,118603,3348],{"class":310},[61,118605,106],{"class":93},[61,118607,3343],{"class":310},[61,118609,38369],{"class":314},[61,118611,3348],{"class":310},[61,118613,106],{"class":93},[61,118615,3343],{"class":310},[61,118617,4127],{"class":314},[61,118619,3348],{"class":310},[61,118621,1115],{"class":93},[20,118623,20798,118624,118626],{},[15,118625,11191],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118628,118629],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[52,118631,118633],{"className":54,"code":118632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118634,118635,118668,118672,118698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118636,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118664,118666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118638,4109],{"class":67},[61,118640,72],{"class":71},[61,118642,1088],{"class":93},[61,118644,1010],{"class":310},[61,118646,83189],{"class":314},[61,118648,1010],{"class":310},[61,118650,106],{"class":93},[61,118652,311],{"class":310},[61,118654,4118],{"class":314},[61,118656,1010],{"class":310},[61,118658,106],{"class":93},[61,118660,311],{"class":310},[61,118662,118663],{"class":314},"Cherry",[61,118665,1010],{"class":310},[61,118667,1115],{"class":93},[61,118669,118670],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118671,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,118673,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,118675,1593],{"class":67},[61,118677,72],{"class":71},[61,118679,74384],{"class":89},[61,118681,94],{"class":93},[61,118683,4153],{"class":102},[61,118685,106],{"class":93},[61,118687,21607],{"class":9208},[61,118689,72],{"class":71},[61,118691,185],{"class":109},[61,118693,229],{"class":93},[61,118695,8673],{"class":24778},[61,118697,258],{"class":93},[61,118699,118700,118702,118704,118706],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,118701,90],{"class":89},[61,118703,94],{"class":93},[61,118705,1620],{"class":102},[61,118707,258],{"class":93},[20,118709,345],{},[52,118711,118713],{"className":54,"code":118712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118714,118715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118716,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118718,1356],{"class":93},[61,118720,3348],{"class":310},[61,118722,4118],{"class":314},[61,118724,3348],{"class":310},[61,118726,106],{"class":93},[61,118728,3343],{"class":310},[61,118730,83189],{"class":314},[61,118732,3348],{"class":310},[61,118734,106],{"class":93},[61,118736,3343],{"class":310},[61,118738,118663],{"class":314},[61,118740,3348],{"class":310},[61,118742,1115],{"class":93},[20,118744,118745,118746,35355,118748,229],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118747,42384],{},[221,118749,13,118750,1947],{"href":42381},[15,118751,42384],{},[47,118753,118755,741,118757],{"id":118754},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118756,74250],{},[15,118758,77693],{},[20,118760,118761],{},"The main difference is this:",[164,118763,118764,118769],{},[167,118765,118766,118768],{},[15,118767,74250],{}," returns a new list",[167,118770,118771,73788],{},[15,118772,77693],{},[20,118774,118775],{},"Also:",[164,118777,118778,118783],{},[167,118779,118780,118782],{},[15,118781,74250],{}," works with many iterables",[167,118784,118785,79126],{},[15,118786,77693],{},[20,118788,143,118789,10630],{},[15,118790,74250],{},[164,118792,118793,118796],{},[167,118794,118795],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[167,118797,118798],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118800,118801,118802,229],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[221,118803,13,118804,741,118806,5821],{"href":78951},[15,118805,74250],{},[15,118807,77693],{},[47,118809,118811],{"id":118810},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118813,118814,118815,229],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118816,74250],{},[260,118818,118820],{"id":118819},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118822,118823,118824,1314],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118825,1382],{},[52,118827,118829],{"className":54,"code":118828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118830,118831,118855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118832,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118834,3865],{"class":67},[61,118836,72],{"class":71},[61,118838,1088],{"class":93},[61,118840,3035],{"class":75},[61,118842,106],{"class":93},[61,118844,311],{"class":310},[61,118846,2113],{"class":314},[61,118848,1010],{"class":310},[61,118850,106],{"class":93},[61,118852,1020],{"class":75},[61,118854,1115],{"class":93},[61,118856,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118858,90],{"class":89},[61,118860,94],{"class":93},[61,118862,74340],{"class":89},[61,118864,94],{"class":93},[61,118866,5396],{"class":102},[61,118868,342],{"class":93},[20,118870,118871],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[260,118873,118875,118876,2351],{"id":118874},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118877,14868],{},[20,118879,118880],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118882,295],{},[52,118884,118886],{"className":54,"code":118885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118887,118888,118908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118889,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118891,3661],{"class":67},[61,118893,72],{"class":71},[61,118895,1088],{"class":93},[61,118897,2379],{"class":75},[61,118899,106],{"class":93},[61,118901,3040],{"class":75},[61,118903,106],{"class":93},[61,118905,7830],{"class":75},[61,118907,1115],{"class":93},[61,118909,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118911,90],{"class":89},[61,118913,94],{"class":93},[61,118915,74340],{"class":89},[61,118917,94],{"class":93},[61,118919,3691],{"class":102},[61,118921,106],{"class":93},[61,118923,21607],{"class":9208},[61,118925,72],{"class":71},[61,118927,11191],{"class":89},[61,118929,342],{"class":93},[20,118931,48522,118932,118934],{},[15,118933,42384],{}," does not work on integers.",[260,118936,118938],{"id":118937},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118940,118941],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[52,118943,118945],{"className":54,"code":118944,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118946,118947,118967,118977,118981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118948,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118950,3661],{"class":67},[61,118952,72],{"class":71},[61,118954,1088],{"class":93},[61,118956,1046],{"class":75},[61,118958,106],{"class":93},[61,118960,5535],{"class":75},[61,118962,106],{"class":93},[61,118964,3040],{"class":75},[61,118966,1115],{"class":93},[61,118968,118969,118971,118973,118975],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,118970,74340],{"class":89},[61,118972,94],{"class":93},[61,118974,3691],{"class":102},[61,118976,258],{"class":93},[61,118978,118979],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,118980,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,118982,118983,118985,118987,118989],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,118984,90],{"class":89},[61,118986,94],{"class":93},[61,118988,3691],{"class":102},[61,118990,258],{"class":93},[20,118992,345],{},[52,118994,118996],{"className":54,"code":118995,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118997,118998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118999,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119001,1356],{"class":93},[61,119003,1046],{"class":75},[61,119005,106],{"class":93},[61,119007,5535],{"class":75},[61,119009,106],{"class":93},[61,119011,3040],{"class":75},[61,119013,1115],{"class":93},[20,119015,119016],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[47,119018,2878],{"id":2877},[164,119020,119021,119025,119028,119033,119037],{},[167,119022,4618,119023,73788],{},[15,119024,74250],{},[167,119026,119027],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[167,119029,4744,119030,119032],{},[15,119031,74250],{}," always returns a list",[167,119034,8449,119035,23131],{},[15,119036,118485],{},[167,119038,29677,119039,119041,119042],{},[15,119040,64137],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119043,74250],{},[20,119045,119046],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[52,119048,119050],{"className":54,"code":119049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119051,119052,119074,119100,119138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119053,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119055,90],{"class":89},[61,119057,94],{"class":93},[61,119059,74340],{"class":89},[61,119061,3032],{"class":93},[61,119063,1046],{"class":75},[61,119065,106],{"class":93},[61,119067,5535],{"class":75},[61,119069,106],{"class":93},[61,119071,3040],{"class":75},[61,119073,1518],{"class":93},[61,119075,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,119077,90],{"class":89},[61,119079,94],{"class":93},[61,119081,657],{"class":109},[61,119083,94],{"class":93},[61,119085,74340],{"class":89},[61,119087,5548],{"class":93},[61,119089,1046],{"class":75},[61,119091,106],{"class":93},[61,119093,5535],{"class":75},[61,119095,106],{"class":93},[61,119097,3040],{"class":75},[61,119099,93193],{"class":93},[61,119101,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,119103,90],{"class":89},[61,119105,94],{"class":93},[61,119107,74340],{"class":89},[61,119109,3032],{"class":93},[61,119111,3348],{"class":310},[61,119113,83189],{"class":314},[61,119115,3348],{"class":310},[61,119117,106],{"class":93},[61,119119,3343],{"class":310},[61,119121,4118],{"class":314},[61,119123,3348],{"class":310},[61,119125,18089],{"class":93},[61,119127,21607],{"class":9208},[61,119129,72],{"class":71},[61,119131,185],{"class":109},[61,119133,229],{"class":93},[61,119135,8673],{"class":24778},[61,119137,342],{"class":93},[61,119139,119140,119142,119144,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,119141,90],{"class":89},[61,119143,94],{"class":93},[61,119145,74340],{"class":89},[61,119147,3032],{"class":93},[61,119149,1046],{"class":75},[61,119151,106],{"class":93},[61,119153,5535],{"class":75},[61,119155,106],{"class":93},[61,119157,3040],{"class":75},[61,119159,18089],{"class":93},[61,119161,77896],{"class":9208},[61,119163,72],{"class":71},[61,119165,30],{"class":355},[61,119167,342],{"class":93},[20,119169,119170,119171,229],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[221,119172,52594],{"href":50801},[47,119174,1879],{"id":1878},[260,119176,1928,119178,56987],{"id":119177},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119179,74250],{},[20,119181,119182],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[260,119184,1883,119186,12742],{"id":119185},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119187,74250],{},[20,119189,119190],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[260,119192,119194,119195,1395,119197,1916],{"id":119193},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119196,74250],{},[15,119198,77693],{},[20,119200,143,119201,119203],{},[15,119202,74250],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[260,119205,1883,119207,86277,119209,1916],{"id":119206},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119208,118485],{},[15,119210,74250],{},[20,119212,119213],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[260,119215,5196,119217,119219,119220,1916],{"id":119216},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119218,74250],{}," give a ",[15,119221,1382],{},[20,119223,119224],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[47,119226,1938],{"id":1937},[164,119228,119229,119233,119241,119245,119251,119257],{},[167,119230,119231],{},[221,119232,79699],{"href":78202},[167,119234,119235],{},[221,119236,13,119237,741,119239,5821],{"href":78951},[15,119238,74250],{},[15,119240,77693],{},[167,119242,119243],{},[221,119244,52594],{"href":50801},[167,119246,119247],{},[221,119248,13,119249,1947],{"href":42381},[15,119250,42384],{},[167,119252,119253],{},[221,119254,13,119255,1947],{"href":91849},[15,119256,35775],{},[167,119258,119259],{},[221,119260,13,119261,1947],{"href":36222},[15,119262,36225],{},[1969,119264,119265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":119267},[119268,119269,119271,119274,119275,119282,119284,119286,119288,119294,119295,119307],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":117548,"depth":79,"text":119270},"What sorted() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":119272},[119273],{"id":17420,"depth":86,"text":17421},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":117787,"depth":79,"text":117788,"children":119276},[119277,119278,119279,119280,119281],{"id":192,"depth":86,"text":117796},{"id":195,"depth":86,"text":117860},{"id":6326,"depth":86,"text":117957},{"id":60999,"depth":86,"text":118021},{"id":15632,"depth":86,"text":29250},{"id":118226,"depth":79,"text":119283},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118482,"depth":79,"text":119285},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118754,"depth":79,"text":119287},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118810,"depth":79,"text":118811,"children":119289},[119290,119291,119293],{"id":118819,"depth":86,"text":118820},{"id":118874,"depth":86,"text":119292},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118937,"depth":86,"text":118938},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":119296},[119297,119299,119301,119303,119305],{"id":119177,"depth":86,"text":119298},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119185,"depth":86,"text":119300},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119193,"depth":86,"text":119302},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119206,"depth":86,"text":119304},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119216,"depth":86,"text":119306},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117450,"description":119308},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119315,"title":119316,"body":119317,"description":121428,"extension":2017,"meta":121429,"navigation":82,"path":78951,"seo":121430,"stem":121431,"__hash__":121432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119318,"toc":121375},[119319,119326,119329,119339,119345,119348,119366,119374,119376,119435,119443,119447,119469,119473,119477,119479,119496,119498,119510,119516,119600,119604,119651,119657,119664,119668,119673,119675,119687,119692,119745,119749,119769,119776,119783,119787,119790,119809,119813,119927,119931,120001,120003,120015,120020,120024,120037,120041,120116,120120,120159,120166,120172,120177,120181,120195,120199,120264,120268,120301,120304,120309,120317,120324,120337,120340,120344,120427,120431,120468,120472,120575,120579,120640,120645,120652,120656,120659,120665,120668,120735,120739,120763,120765,120783,120790,120843,120847,120867,120873,120875,120932,120939,120965,120970,120975,120983,120989,121049,121053,121100,121103,121105,121108,121134,121137,121230,121232,121252,121256,121259,121277,121283,121285,121293,121298,121305,121308,121314,121317,121323,121331,121339,121344,121346,121372],[10,119320,13,119322,741,119324,92907],{"id":119321},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119323,74250],{},[15,119325,77693],{},[20,119327,119328],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[164,119330,119331,119335],{},[167,119332,119333],{},[15,119334,74250],{},[167,119336,119337],{},[15,119338,77693],{},[20,119340,119341,119342,119344],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3784,119343,4670],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119346,119347],{},"The main difference is simple:",[164,119349,119350,119358],{},[167,119351,143,119352,119354,119355],{},[15,119353,74250],{}," when you want a ",[3784,119356,119357],{},"new sorted result",[167,119359,143,119360,119362,119363],{},[15,119361,77693],{}," when you want to ",[3784,119364,119365],{},"change the original list",[20,119367,119368,119369,2446,119371,119373],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119370,77693],{},[15,119372,3820],{}," and causes confusion.",[47,119375,50],{"id":49},[52,119377,119379],{"className":54,"code":119378,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119380,119381,119401,119405,119422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119382,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119384,3661],{"class":67},[61,119386,72],{"class":71},[61,119388,1088],{"class":93},[61,119390,1046],{"class":75},[61,119392,106],{"class":93},[61,119394,5535],{"class":75},[61,119396,106],{"class":93},[61,119398,3040],{"class":75},[61,119400,1115],{"class":93},[61,119402,119403],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,119404,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,119406,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,119408,55713],{"class":67},[61,119410,72],{"class":71},[61,119412,74384],{"class":89},[61,119414,94],{"class":93},[61,119416,3691],{"class":102},[61,119418,664],{"class":93},[61,119420,119421],{"class":116},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[61,119423,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,119425,3691],{"class":67},[61,119427,229],{"class":93},[61,119429,34828],{"class":102},[61,119431,7400],{"class":93},[61,119433,119434],{"class":116},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119436,143,119437,119439,119440,119442],{},[15,119438,74250],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119441,77693],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[47,119444,119446],{"id":119445},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[164,119448,119449,119454,119459,119466],{},[167,119450,143,119451,119453],{},[15,119452,74250],{}," to get a new sorted list",[167,119455,143,119456,119458],{},[15,119457,77693],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[167,119460,119461,119462,2446,119464],{},"Understand why ",[15,119463,77693],{},[15,119465,3820],{},[167,119467,119468],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[47,119470,151,119471,154],{"id":117548},[15,119472,74250],{},[20,119474,119475,62751],{},[15,119476,74250],{},[20,119478,162],{},[164,119480,119481,119487,119493],{},[167,119482,119483,119484],{},"returns a ",[3784,119485,119486],{},"new list",[167,119488,119489,119490,119492],{},"does ",[3784,119491,4670],{}," change the original data",[167,119494,119495],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119497,50955],{},[164,119499,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508],{},[167,119501,5337],{},[167,119503,5340],{},[167,119505,5346],{},[167,119507,5343],{},[167,119509,35936],{},[260,119511,35103,119513,119515],{"id":119512},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119514,74250],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[52,119517,119519],{"className":54,"code":119518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119520,119521,119541,119545,119559,119563,119581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119522,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531,119533,119535,119537,119539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119524,3661],{"class":67},[61,119526,72],{"class":71},[61,119528,1088],{"class":93},[61,119530,1046],{"class":75},[61,119532,106],{"class":93},[61,119534,5535],{"class":75},[61,119536,106],{"class":93},[61,119538,3040],{"class":75},[61,119540,1115],{"class":93},[61,119542,119543],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,119544,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,119546,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,119548,1593],{"class":67},[61,119550,72],{"class":71},[61,119552,74384],{"class":89},[61,119554,94],{"class":93},[61,119556,3691],{"class":102},[61,119558,258],{"class":93},[61,119560,119561],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,119562,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,119564,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,119566,90],{"class":89},[61,119568,94],{"class":93},[61,119570,1010],{"class":310},[61,119572,12181],{"class":314},[61,119574,1010],{"class":310},[61,119576,106],{"class":93},[61,119578,4303],{"class":102},[61,119580,258],{"class":93},[61,119582,119583,119585,119587,119589,119592,119594,119596,119598],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,119584,90],{"class":89},[61,119586,94],{"class":93},[61,119588,1010],{"class":310},[61,119590,119591],{"class":314},"sorted result:",[61,119593,1010],{"class":310},[61,119595,106],{"class":93},[61,119597,81043],{"class":102},[61,119599,258],{"class":93},[20,119601,119602],{},[3784,119603,345],{},[52,119605,119607],{"className":54,"code":119606,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119608,119609,119629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119610,119611,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119612,12160],{"class":67},[61,119614,1314],{"class":93},[61,119616,1088],{"class":93},[61,119618,1046],{"class":75},[61,119620,106],{"class":93},[61,119622,5535],{"class":75},[61,119624,106],{"class":93},[61,119626,3040],{"class":75},[61,119628,1115],{"class":93},[61,119630,119631,119633,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,119632,74340],{"class":89},[61,119634,81043],{"class":67},[61,119636,1314],{"class":93},[61,119638,1088],{"class":93},[61,119640,3035],{"class":75},[61,119642,106],{"class":93},[61,119644,3040],{"class":75},[61,119646,106],{"class":93},[61,119648,1020],{"class":75},[61,119650,1115],{"class":93},[20,119652,119653,119654,119656],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119655,3691],{}," stays the same.",[20,119658,119659,119660,229],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[221,119661,13,119662,1947],{"href":74347},[15,119663,74250],{},[47,119665,151,119666,154],{"id":77759},[15,119667,77693],{},[20,119669,119670,119672],{},[15,119671,64137],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119674,162],{},[164,119676,119677,119680,119683],{},[167,119678,119679],{},"changes the original list directly",[167,119681,119682],{},"only works on lists",[167,119684,3732,119685],{},[15,119686,3820],{},[260,119688,35103,119690,73788],{"id":119689},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119691,77693],{},[52,119693,119695],{"className":54,"code":119694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119696,119697,119717,119721,119731,119735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119698,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119700,3661],{"class":67},[61,119702,72],{"class":71},[61,119704,1088],{"class":93},[61,119706,1046],{"class":75},[61,119708,106],{"class":93},[61,119710,5535],{"class":75},[61,119712,106],{"class":93},[61,119714,3040],{"class":75},[61,119716,1115],{"class":93},[61,119718,119719],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,119720,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,119722,119723,119725,119727,119729],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,119724,3691],{"class":67},[61,119726,229],{"class":93},[61,119728,34828],{"class":102},[61,119730,8676],{"class":93},[61,119732,119733],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,119734,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,119736,119737,119739,119741,119743],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,119738,90],{"class":89},[61,119740,94],{"class":93},[61,119742,3691],{"class":102},[61,119744,258],{"class":93},[20,119746,119747],{},[3784,119748,345],{},[52,119750,119751],{"className":54,"code":54973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,119752,119753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119754,119755,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765,119767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119756,1356],{"class":93},[61,119758,3035],{"class":75},[61,119760,106],{"class":93},[61,119762,3040],{"class":75},[61,119764,106],{"class":93},[61,119766,1020],{"class":75},[61,119768,1115],{"class":93},[20,119770,119771,119772,119775],{},"After calling ",[15,119773,119774],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119777,119778,119779,229],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[221,119780,13,119781,10770],{"href":74601},[15,119782,77693],{},[47,119784,119786],{"id":119785},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119788,119789],{},"Here is the core difference:",[164,119791,119792,119801],{},[167,119793,119794,119797,119798],{},[15,119795,119796],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3784,119799,119800],{},"new sorted list",[167,119802,119803,119806,119807,74158],{},[15,119804,119805],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119808,8371],{},[260,119810,119812],{"id":119811},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[52,119814,119816],{"className":54,"code":119815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119817,119818,119838,119842,119856,119875,119894,119898,119908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119819,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119821,3661],{"class":67},[61,119823,72],{"class":71},[61,119825,1088],{"class":93},[61,119827,2192],{"class":75},[61,119829,106],{"class":93},[61,119831,3040],{"class":75},[61,119833,106],{"class":93},[61,119835,2505],{"class":75},[61,119837,1115],{"class":93},[61,119839,119840],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,119841,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,119843,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,119845,2602],{"class":67},[61,119847,72],{"class":71},[61,119849,74384],{"class":89},[61,119851,94],{"class":93},[61,119853,3691],{"class":102},[61,119855,258],{"class":93},[61,119857,119858,119860,119862,119864,119867,119869,119871,119873],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,119859,90],{"class":89},[61,119861,94],{"class":93},[61,119863,1010],{"class":310},[61,119865,119866],{"class":314},"numbers after sorted():",[61,119868,1010],{"class":310},[61,119870,106],{"class":93},[61,119872,4303],{"class":102},[61,119874,258],{"class":93},[61,119876,119877,119879,119881,119883,119886,119888,119890,119892],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,119878,90],{"class":89},[61,119880,94],{"class":93},[61,119882,1010],{"class":310},[61,119884,119885],{"class":314},"a:",[61,119887,1010],{"class":310},[61,119889,106],{"class":93},[61,119891,56711],{"class":102},[61,119893,258],{"class":93},[61,119895,119896],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,119897,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,119899,119900,119902,119904,119906],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,119901,3691],{"class":67},[61,119903,229],{"class":93},[61,119905,34828],{"class":102},[61,119907,8676],{"class":93},[61,119909,119910,119912,119914,119916,119919,119921,119923,119925],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,119911,90],{"class":89},[61,119913,94],{"class":93},[61,119915,1010],{"class":310},[61,119917,119918],{"class":314},"numbers after sort():",[61,119920,1010],{"class":310},[61,119922,106],{"class":93},[61,119924,4303],{"class":102},[61,119926,258],{"class":93},[20,119928,119929],{},[3784,119930,345],{},[52,119932,119934],{"className":54,"code":119933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119935,119936,119959,119979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119937,119938,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119939,119940],{"class":67},"numbers after ",[61,119942,74340],{"class":89},[61,119944,29611],{"class":93},[61,119946,1088],{"class":93},[61,119948,2192],{"class":75},[61,119950,106],{"class":93},[61,119952,3040],{"class":75},[61,119954,106],{"class":93},[61,119956,2505],{"class":75},[61,119958,1115],{"class":93},[61,119960,119961,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973,119975,119977],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,119962,221],{"class":67},[61,119964,1314],{"class":93},[61,119966,1088],{"class":93},[61,119968,2113],{"class":75},[61,119970,106],{"class":93},[61,119972,2505],{"class":75},[61,119974,106],{"class":93},[61,119976,4644],{"class":75},[61,119978,1115],{"class":93},[61,119980,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995,119997,119999],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,119982,119940],{"class":67},[61,119984,34828],{"class":102},[61,119986,29611],{"class":93},[61,119988,1088],{"class":93},[61,119990,2113],{"class":75},[61,119992,106],{"class":93},[61,119994,2505],{"class":75},[61,119996,106],{"class":93},[61,119998,4644],{"class":75},[61,120000,1115],{"class":93},[20,120002,10742],{},[164,120004,120005,120010],{},[167,120006,120007,120009],{},[15,120008,74250],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[167,120011,120012,120014],{},[15,120013,64137],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[47,120016,5001,120018],{"id":120017},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120019,74250],{},[20,120021,143,120022,10630],{},[15,120023,74250],{},[164,120025,120026,120029,120031,120034],{},[167,120027,120028],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[167,120030,118798],{},[167,120032,120033],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[167,120035,120036],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[260,120038,120040],{"id":120039},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[52,120042,120044],{"className":54,"code":120043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120045,120046,120070,120074,120088,120092,120102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120047,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120049,3661],{"class":67},[61,120051,72],{"class":71},[61,120053,572],{"class":93},[61,120055,2552],{"class":75},[61,120057,106],{"class":93},[61,120059,5535],{"class":75},[61,120061,106],{"class":93},[61,120063,1020],{"class":75},[61,120065,106],{"class":93},[61,120067,3040],{"class":75},[61,120069,258],{"class":93},[61,120071,120072],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120073,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120075,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,120077,1593],{"class":67},[61,120079,72],{"class":71},[61,120081,74384],{"class":89},[61,120083,94],{"class":93},[61,120085,3691],{"class":102},[61,120087,258],{"class":93},[61,120089,120090],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,120091,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120093,120094,120096,120098,120100],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,120095,90],{"class":89},[61,120097,94],{"class":93},[61,120099,1620],{"class":102},[61,120101,258],{"class":93},[61,120103,120104,120106,120108,120110,120112,120114],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,120105,90],{"class":89},[61,120107,94],{"class":93},[61,120109,657],{"class":109},[61,120111,94],{"class":93},[61,120113,1620],{"class":102},[61,120115,342],{"class":93},[20,120117,120118],{},[3784,120119,345],{},[52,120121,120123],{"className":54,"code":120122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120124,120125,120145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120126,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120128,1356],{"class":93},[61,120130,3035],{"class":75},[61,120132,106],{"class":93},[61,120134,3040],{"class":75},[61,120136,106],{"class":93},[61,120138,1020],{"class":75},[61,120140,106],{"class":93},[61,120142,2505],{"class":75},[61,120144,1115],{"class":93},[61,120146,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120148,3337],{"class":71},[61,120150,3340],{"class":882},[61,120152,3343],{"class":310},[61,120154,192],{"class":314},[61,120156,3348],{"class":310},[61,120158,3351],{"class":71},[20,120160,2336,120161,120163,120164,229],{},[15,120162,74250],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3784,120165,192],{},[20,120167,120168,120169,120171],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[221,120170,52594],{"href":50801}," is a helpful next step.",[47,120173,5001,120175],{"id":120174},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120176,77693],{},[20,120178,143,120179,10630],{},[15,120180,77693],{},[164,120182,120183,120186,120189,120192],{},[167,120184,120185],{},"you already have a list",[167,120187,120188],{},"you want to update that list directly",[167,120190,120191],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[167,120193,120194],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[260,120196,120198],{"id":120197},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[52,120200,120202],{"className":54,"code":120201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120203,120204,120236,120240,120250,120254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120205,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120207,5035],{"class":67},[61,120209,72],{"class":71},[61,120211,1088],{"class":93},[61,120213,1010],{"class":310},[61,120215,5062],{"class":314},[61,120217,1010],{"class":310},[61,120219,106],{"class":93},[61,120221,311],{"class":310},[61,120223,5044],{"class":314},[61,120225,1010],{"class":310},[61,120227,106],{"class":93},[61,120229,311],{"class":310},[61,120231,5053],{"class":314},[61,120233,1010],{"class":310},[61,120235,1115],{"class":93},[61,120237,120238],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120239,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120241,120242,120244,120246,120248],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,120243,5079],{"class":67},[61,120245,229],{"class":93},[61,120247,34828],{"class":102},[61,120249,8676],{"class":93},[61,120251,120252],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,120253,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120255,120256,120258,120260,120262],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,120257,90],{"class":89},[61,120259,94],{"class":93},[61,120261,5079],{"class":102},[61,120263,258],{"class":93},[20,120265,120266],{},[3784,120267,345],{},[52,120269,120271],{"className":54,"code":120270,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120272,120273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120274,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120276,1356],{"class":93},[61,120278,3348],{"class":310},[61,120280,5044],{"class":314},[61,120282,3348],{"class":310},[61,120284,106],{"class":93},[61,120286,3343],{"class":310},[61,120288,5053],{"class":314},[61,120290,3348],{"class":310},[61,120292,106],{"class":93},[61,120294,3343],{"class":310},[61,120296,5062],{"class":314},[61,120298,3348],{"class":310},[61,120300,1115],{"class":93},[20,120302,120303],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120305,120306,120307,229],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[221,120308,79699],{"href":78202},[47,120310,120312,749,120314,120316],{"id":120311},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120313,73403],{},[15,120315,14868],{}," work with both",[20,120318,746,120319,749,120321,120323],{},[15,120320,74250],{},[15,120322,77693],{}," support:",[164,120325,120326,120331],{},[167,120327,120328,120330],{},[15,120329,77917],{}," for descending order",[167,120332,120333,120336],{},[15,120334,120335],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120338,120339],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[260,120341,120343],{"id":120342},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[52,120345,120347],{"className":54,"code":120346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120348,120349,120369,120373,120395,120399,120417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120350,120351,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120352,3661],{"class":67},[61,120354,72],{"class":71},[61,120356,1088],{"class":93},[61,120358,1046],{"class":75},[61,120360,106],{"class":93},[61,120362,5535],{"class":75},[61,120364,106],{"class":93},[61,120366,3040],{"class":75},[61,120368,1115],{"class":93},[61,120370,120371],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120372,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120374,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,120376,90],{"class":89},[61,120378,94],{"class":93},[61,120380,74340],{"class":89},[61,120382,94],{"class":93},[61,120384,3691],{"class":102},[61,120386,106],{"class":93},[61,120388,77896],{"class":9208},[61,120390,72],{"class":71},[61,120392,30],{"class":355},[61,120394,342],{"class":93},[61,120396,120397],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,120398,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120400,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,120402,3691],{"class":67},[61,120404,229],{"class":93},[61,120406,34828],{"class":102},[61,120408,94],{"class":93},[61,120410,73403],{"class":9208},[61,120412,72],{"class":71},[61,120414,30],{"class":355},[61,120416,258],{"class":93},[61,120418,120419,120421,120423,120425],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,120420,90],{"class":89},[61,120422,94],{"class":93},[61,120424,3691],{"class":102},[61,120426,258],{"class":93},[20,120428,120429],{},[3784,120430,345],{},[52,120432,120434],{"className":54,"code":120433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120435,120436,120452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120437,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120439,1356],{"class":93},[61,120441,1046],{"class":75},[61,120443,106],{"class":93},[61,120445,3040],{"class":75},[61,120447,106],{"class":93},[61,120449,5535],{"class":75},[61,120451,1115],{"class":93},[61,120453,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120455,1356],{"class":93},[61,120457,1046],{"class":75},[61,120459,106],{"class":93},[61,120461,3040],{"class":75},[61,120463,106],{"class":93},[61,120465,5535],{"class":75},[61,120467,1115],{"class":93},[260,120469,120471],{"id":120470},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[52,120473,120475],{"className":54,"code":120474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120476,120477,120509,120513,120539,120543,120565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120478,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120480,4109],{"class":67},[61,120482,72],{"class":71},[61,120484,1088],{"class":93},[61,120486,1010],{"class":310},[61,120488,83189],{"class":314},[61,120490,1010],{"class":310},[61,120492,106],{"class":93},[61,120494,311],{"class":310},[61,120496,4118],{"class":314},[61,120498,1010],{"class":310},[61,120500,106],{"class":93},[61,120502,311],{"class":310},[61,120504,118663],{"class":314},[61,120506,1010],{"class":310},[61,120508,1115],{"class":93},[61,120510,120511],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120512,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120514,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,120516,90],{"class":89},[61,120518,94],{"class":93},[61,120520,74340],{"class":89},[61,120522,94],{"class":93},[61,120524,4153],{"class":102},[61,120526,106],{"class":93},[61,120528,21607],{"class":9208},[61,120530,72],{"class":71},[61,120532,185],{"class":109},[61,120534,229],{"class":93},[61,120536,8673],{"class":24778},[61,120538,342],{"class":93},[61,120540,120541],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,120542,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120544,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,120546,4153],{"class":67},[61,120548,229],{"class":93},[61,120550,34828],{"class":102},[61,120552,94],{"class":93},[61,120554,14868],{"class":9208},[61,120556,72],{"class":71},[61,120558,185],{"class":109},[61,120560,229],{"class":93},[61,120562,8673],{"class":24778},[61,120564,258],{"class":93},[61,120566,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,120568,90],{"class":89},[61,120570,94],{"class":93},[61,120572,4153],{"class":102},[61,120574,258],{"class":93},[20,120576,120577],{},[3784,120578,345],{},[52,120580,120582],{"className":54,"code":120581,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120583,120584,120612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120585,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120587,1356],{"class":93},[61,120589,3348],{"class":310},[61,120591,4118],{"class":314},[61,120593,3348],{"class":310},[61,120595,106],{"class":93},[61,120597,3343],{"class":310},[61,120599,83189],{"class":314},[61,120601,3348],{"class":310},[61,120603,106],{"class":93},[61,120605,3343],{"class":310},[61,120607,118663],{"class":314},[61,120609,3348],{"class":310},[61,120611,1115],{"class":93},[61,120613,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120615,1356],{"class":93},[61,120617,3348],{"class":310},[61,120619,4118],{"class":314},[61,120621,3348],{"class":310},[61,120623,106],{"class":93},[61,120625,3343],{"class":310},[61,120627,83189],{"class":314},[61,120629,3348],{"class":310},[61,120631,106],{"class":93},[61,120633,3343],{"class":310},[61,120635,118663],{"class":314},[61,120637,3348],{"class":310},[61,120639,1115],{"class":93},[20,120641,8449,120642,120644],{},[15,120643,78411],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120646,120647,120648,229],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[221,120649,120651],{"href":120650},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[47,120653,120655],{"id":120654},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120657,120658],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[260,120660,120662,120663,12624],{"id":120661},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120664,77693],{},[20,120666,120667],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[52,120669,120671],{"className":54,"code":120670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120672,120673,120693,120697,120711,120715,120725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120674,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120676,3661],{"class":67},[61,120678,72],{"class":71},[61,120680,1088],{"class":93},[61,120682,1046],{"class":75},[61,120684,106],{"class":93},[61,120686,5535],{"class":75},[61,120688,106],{"class":93},[61,120690,3040],{"class":75},[61,120692,1115],{"class":93},[61,120694,120695],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120696,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120698,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,120700,1593],{"class":67},[61,120702,72],{"class":71},[61,120704,4303],{"class":67},[61,120706,229],{"class":93},[61,120708,34828],{"class":102},[61,120710,8676],{"class":93},[61,120712,120713],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,120714,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120716,120717,120719,120721,120723],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,120718,90],{"class":89},[61,120720,94],{"class":93},[61,120722,1620],{"class":102},[61,120724,258],{"class":93},[61,120726,120727,120729,120731,120733],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,120728,90],{"class":89},[61,120730,94],{"class":93},[61,120732,3691],{"class":102},[61,120734,258],{"class":93},[20,120736,120737],{},[3784,120738,345],{},[52,120740,120741],{"className":54,"code":79034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,120742,120743,120747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120744,120745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120746,11835],{"class":355},[61,120748,120749,120751,120753,120755,120757,120759,120761],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120750,1356],{"class":93},[61,120752,3035],{"class":75},[61,120754,106],{"class":93},[61,120756,3040],{"class":75},[61,120758,106],{"class":93},[61,120760,1020],{"class":75},[61,120762,1115],{"class":93},[20,120764,11927],{},[164,120766,120767,120772,120777],{},[167,120768,120769,120771],{},[15,120770,119774],{}," sorts the list in place",[167,120773,35040,120774,120776],{},[3784,120775,4670],{}," return the sorted list",[167,120778,89813,120779,42178,120781],{},[15,120780,1620],{},[15,120782,3820],{},[260,120784,120786,120787,120789],{"id":120785},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120788,74250],{}," to change the original list",[52,120791,120793],{"className":54,"code":120792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120794,120795,120815,120819,120829,120833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120796,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811,120813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120798,3661],{"class":67},[61,120800,72],{"class":71},[61,120802,1088],{"class":93},[61,120804,1046],{"class":75},[61,120806,106],{"class":93},[61,120808,5535],{"class":75},[61,120810,106],{"class":93},[61,120812,3040],{"class":75},[61,120814,1115],{"class":93},[61,120816,120817],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120818,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120820,120821,120823,120825,120827],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,120822,74340],{"class":89},[61,120824,94],{"class":93},[61,120826,3691],{"class":102},[61,120828,258],{"class":93},[61,120830,120831],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,120832,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120834,120835,120837,120839,120841],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,120836,90],{"class":89},[61,120838,94],{"class":93},[61,120840,3691],{"class":102},[61,120842,258],{"class":93},[20,120844,120845],{},[3784,120846,345],{},[52,120848,120849],{"className":54,"code":118995,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,120850,120851],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120852,120853,120855,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120854,1356],{"class":93},[61,120856,1046],{"class":75},[61,120858,106],{"class":93},[61,120860,5535],{"class":75},[61,120862,106],{"class":93},[61,120864,3040],{"class":75},[61,120866,1115],{"class":93},[20,120868,120869,120872],{},[15,120870,120871],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120874,10837],{},[52,120876,120878],{"className":54,"code":120877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120879,120880,120900,120904,120918,120922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120881,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120883,3661],{"class":67},[61,120885,72],{"class":71},[61,120887,1088],{"class":93},[61,120889,1046],{"class":75},[61,120891,106],{"class":93},[61,120893,5535],{"class":75},[61,120895,106],{"class":93},[61,120897,3040],{"class":75},[61,120899,1115],{"class":93},[61,120901,120902],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120903,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,120907,55465],{"class":67},[61,120909,72],{"class":71},[61,120911,74384],{"class":89},[61,120913,94],{"class":93},[61,120915,3691],{"class":102},[61,120917,258],{"class":93},[61,120919,120920],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,120921,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,120923,120924,120926,120928,120930],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,120925,90],{"class":89},[61,120927,94],{"class":93},[61,120929,55484],{"class":102},[61,120931,258],{"class":93},[260,120933,120935,120936,120938],{"id":120934},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120937,64137],{}," on a tuple or string",[52,120940,120941],{"className":54,"code":79136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,120942,120943,120955],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120944,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120946,450],{"class":67},[61,120948,72],{"class":71},[61,120950,311],{"class":310},[61,120952,56],{"class":314},[61,120954,318],{"class":310},[61,120956,120957,120959,120961,120963],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,120958,476],{"class":67},[61,120960,229],{"class":93},[61,120962,34828],{"class":102},[61,120964,8676],{"class":93},[20,120966,120967,120968,33630],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120969,64137],{},[20,120971,120972,120974],{},[15,120973,64137],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120976,120977,120978,120980,120981,229],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120979,74250],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[221,120982,5177],{"href":5624},[260,120984,120986,120987,119032],{"id":120985},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120988,74250],{},[52,120990,120992],{"className":54,"code":120991,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120993,120994,121007,121021,121025,121035],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120995,120996,120998,121000,121002,121005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120997,450],{"class":67},[61,120999,72],{"class":71},[61,121001,311],{"class":310},[61,121003,121004],{"class":314},"cab",[61,121006,318],{"class":310},[61,121008,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121010,1593],{"class":67},[61,121012,72],{"class":71},[61,121014,74384],{"class":89},[61,121016,94],{"class":93},[61,121018,476],{"class":102},[61,121020,258],{"class":93},[61,121022,121023],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,121024,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,121026,121027,121029,121031,121033],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,121028,90],{"class":89},[61,121030,94],{"class":93},[61,121032,1620],{"class":102},[61,121034,258],{"class":93},[61,121036,121037,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,121038,90],{"class":89},[61,121040,94],{"class":93},[61,121042,657],{"class":109},[61,121044,94],{"class":93},[61,121046,1620],{"class":102},[61,121048,342],{"class":93},[20,121050,121051],{},[3784,121052,345],{},[52,121054,121056],{"className":54,"code":121055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121057,121058,121086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121059,121060,121062,121064,121066,121068,121070,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121061,1356],{"class":93},[61,121063,3348],{"class":310},[61,121065,221],{"class":314},[61,121067,3348],{"class":310},[61,121069,106],{"class":93},[61,121071,3343],{"class":310},[61,121073,1101],{"class":314},[61,121075,3348],{"class":310},[61,121077,106],{"class":93},[61,121079,3343],{"class":310},[61,121081,1110],{"class":314},[61,121083,3348],{"class":310},[61,121085,1115],{"class":93},[61,121087,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121089,3337],{"class":71},[61,121091,3340],{"class":882},[61,121093,3343],{"class":310},[61,121095,192],{"class":314},[61,121097,3348],{"class":310},[61,121099,3351],{"class":71},[20,121101,121102],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[47,121104,113553],{"id":113552},[20,121106,121107],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[164,121109,121110,121113,121118,121123,121129],{},[167,121111,121112],{},"confusing a function with a method",[167,121114,121115,121116,53467],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121117,64137],{},[167,121119,121120,121121,12624],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121122,77693],{},[167,121124,121125,121126,121128],{},"trying to use ",[15,121127,64137],{}," on non-list data types",[167,121130,1854,121131,121133],{},[15,121132,74250],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121135,121136],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,121138,121140],{"className":54,"code":121139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121141,121142,121152,121166,121191,121206,121216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121143,121144,121146,121148,121150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121145,90],{"class":89},[61,121147,94],{"class":93},[61,121149,8371],{"class":102},[61,121151,258],{"class":93},[61,121153,121154,121156,121158,121160,121162,121164],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121155,90],{"class":89},[61,121157,94],{"class":93},[61,121159,74340],{"class":89},[61,121161,94],{"class":93},[61,121163,8371],{"class":102},[61,121165,342],{"class":93},[61,121167,121168,121170,121172,121174,121176,121178,121180,121183,121185,121187,121189],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,121169,1593],{"class":67},[61,121171,72],{"class":71},[61,121173,8427],{"class":67},[61,121175,229],{"class":93},[61,121177,34828],{"class":102},[61,121179,7400],{"class":93},[61,121181,121182],{"class":67},"; ",[61,121184,90],{"class":89},[61,121186,94],{"class":93},[61,121188,1620],{"class":102},[61,121190,258],{"class":93},[61,121192,121193,121195,121197,121199,121201,121204],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,121194,90],{"class":89},[61,121196,94],{"class":93},[61,121198,657],{"class":109},[61,121200,94],{"class":93},[61,121202,121203],{"class":102},"my_data",[61,121205,342],{"class":93},[61,121207,121208,121210,121212,121214],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,121209,32181],{"class":89},[61,121211,94],{"class":93},[61,121213,74340],{"class":89},[61,121215,258],{"class":93},[61,121217,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,121219,32181],{"class":89},[61,121221,94],{"class":93},[61,121223,192],{"class":109},[61,121225,229],{"class":93},[61,121227,34828],{"class":24778},[61,121229,258],{"class":93},[20,121231,84199],{},[164,121233,121234,121237,121241,121249],{},[167,121235,121236],{},"whether your original list changed",[167,121238,26045,121239,11732],{},[15,121240,74250],{},[167,121242,121243,121244,121246,121247],{},"whether ",[15,121245,64137],{}," returned ",[15,121248,3820],{},[167,121250,121251],{},"what type of object you are working with",[47,121253,121255],{"id":121254},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121257,121258],{},"Use this rule:",[164,121260,121261,121269],{},[167,121262,121263,121264,121266,121267],{},"Need a ",[3784,121265,119357],{},": use ",[15,121268,74250],{},[167,121270,121271,121272,121266,121275],{},"Need to ",[3784,121273,121274],{},"change one list directly",[15,121276,77693],{},[20,121278,121279,121280,121282],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121281,74250],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[47,121284,1879],{"id":1878},[260,121286,121288,121289,31,121291,1916],{"id":121287},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121290,74250],{},[15,121292,77693],{},[20,121294,121295,121297],{},[15,121296,74250],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[260,121299,5196,121301,5199,121303,1916],{"id":121300},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121302,77693],{},[15,121304,3820],{},[20,121306,121307],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[260,121309,1898,121311,121313],{"id":121310},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121312,74250],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121315,121316],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[260,121318,28355,121320,121322],{"id":121319},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121321,64137],{}," on a string?",[20,121324,46380,121325,121327,121328,39957],{},[15,121326,64137],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121329,121330],{},"sorted(string)",[260,121332,11846,121334,749,121336,121338],{"id":121333},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121335,74250],{},[15,121337,64137],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121340,121341,121342,229],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121343,77917],{},[47,121345,1938],{"id":1937},[164,121347,121348,121354,121360,121364,121368],{},[167,121349,121350],{},[221,121351,13,121352,1947],{"href":74347},[15,121353,74250],{},[167,121355,121356],{},[221,121357,13,121358,10770],{"href":74601},[15,121359,77693],{},[167,121361,121362],{},[221,121363,79699],{"href":78202},[167,121365,121366],{},[221,121367,120651],{"href":120650},[167,121369,121370],{},[221,121371,52594],{"href":50801},[1969,121373,121374],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":121376},[121377,121378,121379,121383,121387,121390,121394,121398,121403,121413,121414,121415,121427],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":119445,"depth":79,"text":119446},{"id":117548,"depth":79,"text":119270,"children":121380},[121381],{"id":119512,"depth":86,"text":121382},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77759,"depth":79,"text":79721,"children":121384},[121385],{"id":119689,"depth":86,"text":121386},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119785,"depth":79,"text":119786,"children":121388},[121389],{"id":119811,"depth":86,"text":119812},{"id":120017,"depth":79,"text":121391,"children":121392},"When to use sorted()",[121393],{"id":120039,"depth":86,"text":120040},{"id":120174,"depth":79,"text":121395,"children":121396},"When to use list.sort()",[121397],{"id":120197,"depth":86,"text":120198},{"id":120311,"depth":79,"text":121399,"children":121400},"reverse and key work with both",[121401,121402],{"id":120342,"depth":86,"text":120343},{"id":120470,"depth":86,"text":120471},{"id":120654,"depth":79,"text":120655,"children":121404},[121405,121407,121409,121411],{"id":120661,"depth":86,"text":121406},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120785,"depth":86,"text":121408},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120934,"depth":86,"text":121410},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120985,"depth":86,"text":121412},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113552,"depth":79,"text":113553},{"id":121254,"depth":79,"text":121255},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":121416},[121417,121419,121421,121423,121425],{"id":121287,"depth":86,"text":121418},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121300,"depth":86,"text":121420},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121310,"depth":86,"text":121422},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121319,"depth":86,"text":121424},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121333,"depth":86,"text":121426},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119316,"description":121428},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121434,"title":42199,"body":121435,"description":123167,"extension":2017,"meta":123168,"navigation":82,"path":123169,"seo":123170,"stem":123171,"__hash__":123172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121436,"toc":123124},[121437,121442,121447,121453,121455,121510,121514,121537,121542,121547,121552,121554,121585,121588,121602,121604,121606,121621,121626,121630,121633,121684,121688,121702,121709,121713,121717,121772,121776,121799,121803,121859,121863,121886,121890,121945,121949,121972,121976,122043,122047,122082,122088,122093,122098,122100,122114,122116,122190,122194,122214,122219,122226,122229,122241,122243,122312,122316,122353,122356,122381,122388,122397,122400,122412,122418,122424,122426,122432,122437,122516,122520,122561,122565,122567,122594,122597,122620,122623,122629,122632,122669,122681,122688,122690,122741,122744,122776,122779,122781,122788,122790,122805,122807,122864,122868,122892,122894,122899,122915,122922,122926,122929,123012,123022,123024,123029,123032,123038,123041,123047,123050,123056,123059,123066,123074,123076,123121],[10,121438,13,121440,18],{"id":121439},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121441,47696],{},[20,121443,32346,121444,121446],{},[15,121445,47696],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121448,121449,121450,121452],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121451,47696],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[47,121454,2059],{"id":2058},[52,121456,121458],{"className":54,"code":121457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121459,121460,121468,121482,121486,121496],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121461,121462,121464,121466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121463,21656],{"class":67},[61,121465,72],{"class":71},[61,121467,380],{"class":75},[61,121469,121470,121472,121474,121476,121478,121480],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121471,450],{"class":67},[61,121473,72],{"class":71},[61,121475,135],{"class":109},[61,121477,94],{"class":93},[61,121479,9331],{"class":102},[61,121481,258],{"class":93},[61,121483,121484],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,121485,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,121487,121488,121490,121492,121494],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,121489,90],{"class":89},[61,121491,94],{"class":93},[61,121493,476],{"class":102},[61,121495,258],{"class":93},[61,121497,121498,121500,121502,121504,121506,121508],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,121499,90],{"class":89},[61,121501,94],{"class":93},[61,121503,657],{"class":109},[61,121505,94],{"class":93},[61,121507,476],{"class":102},[61,121509,342],{"class":93},[20,121511,121512],{},[3784,121513,345],{},[52,121515,121517],{"className":54,"code":121516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121518,121519,121523],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121520,121521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121522,2756],{"class":75},[61,121524,121525,121527,121529,121531,121533,121535],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121526,3337],{"class":71},[61,121528,3340],{"class":882},[61,121530,3343],{"class":310},[61,121532,185],{"class":314},[61,121534,3348],{"class":310},[61,121536,3351],{"class":71},[20,121538,143,121539,121541],{},[15,121540,47696],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[47,121543,151,121545,154],{"id":121544},"what-str-does",[15,121546,47696],{},[20,121548,121549,121551],{},[15,121550,47696],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121553,2162],{},[164,121555,121556,121563,121570,121577],{},[167,121557,121558,121559,42178,121561],{},"An integer like ",[15,121560,2379],{},[15,121562,42149],{},[167,121564,121565,121566,42178,121568],{},"A float like ",[15,121567,40170],{},[15,121569,48107],{},[167,121571,121572,121573,42178,121575],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121574,30],{},[15,121576,6675],{},[167,121578,121579,121580,42178,121582],{},"A list like ",[15,121581,75072],{},[15,121583,121584],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121586,121587],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[164,121589,121590,121593,121596,121599],{},[167,121591,121592],{},"print it",[167,121594,121595],{},"combine it with other strings",[167,121597,121598],{},"save it to a file",[167,121600,121601],{},"use it in messages",[47,121603,233],{"id":232},[20,121605,7252],{},[52,121607,121609],{"className":54,"code":121608,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"str(object)\n",[15,121610,121611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121612,121613,121615,121617,121619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121614,185],{"class":109},[61,121616,94],{"class":93},[61,121618,250],{"class":109},[61,121620,258],{"class":93},[20,121622,20798,121623,121625],{},[15,121624,250],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121627,121628,8258],{},[15,121629,47696],{},[20,121631,121632],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[52,121634,121636],{"className":54,"code":121635,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121637,121638,121647,121670,121674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121639,121640,121642,121644],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121641,5136],{"class":67},[61,121643,72],{"class":71},[61,121645,121646],{"class":75}," 100\n",[61,121648,121649,121651,121653,121655,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666,121668],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121650,89833],{"class":67},[61,121652,72],{"class":71},[61,121654,311],{"class":310},[61,121656,121657],{"class":314},"Your score is ",[61,121659,1010],{"class":310},[61,121661,2502],{"class":71},[61,121663,135],{"class":109},[61,121665,94],{"class":93},[61,121667,85346],{"class":102},[61,121669,258],{"class":93},[61,121671,121672],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,121673,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,121675,121676,121678,121680,121682],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,121677,90],{"class":89},[61,121679,94],{"class":93},[61,121681,89850],{"class":102},[61,121683,258],{"class":93},[20,121685,121686],{},[3784,121687,345],{},[52,121689,121691],{"className":54,"code":121690,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121692,121693],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121694,121695,121698,121700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121696,121697],{"class":67},"Your score ",[61,121699,1199],{"class":71},[61,121701,121646],{"class":75},[20,121703,2346,121704,121708],{},[221,121705,121706,2351],{"href":752},[15,121707,44],{}," can help you check.",[47,121710,121712],{"id":121711},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[260,121714,121716],{"id":121715},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[52,121718,121720],{"className":54,"code":121719,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121721,121722,121730,121744,121748,121758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121723,121724,121726,121728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121725,2269],{"class":67},[61,121727,72],{"class":71},[61,121729,76],{"class":75},[61,121731,121732,121734,121736,121738,121740,121742],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121733,450],{"class":67},[61,121735,72],{"class":71},[61,121737,135],{"class":109},[61,121739,94],{"class":93},[61,121741,1271],{"class":102},[61,121743,258],{"class":93},[61,121745,121746],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,121747,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,121749,121750,121752,121754,121756],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,121751,90],{"class":89},[61,121753,94],{"class":93},[61,121755,476],{"class":102},[61,121757,258],{"class":93},[61,121759,121760,121762,121764,121766,121768,121770],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,121761,90],{"class":89},[61,121763,94],{"class":93},[61,121765,657],{"class":109},[61,121767,94],{"class":93},[61,121769,476],{"class":102},[61,121771,342],{"class":93},[20,121773,121774],{},[3784,121775,345],{},[52,121777,121779],{"className":54,"code":121778,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121780,121781,121785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121782,121783],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121784,2425],{"class":75},[61,121786,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795,121797],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121788,3337],{"class":71},[61,121790,3340],{"class":882},[61,121792,3343],{"class":310},[61,121794,185],{"class":314},[61,121796,3348],{"class":310},[61,121798,3351],{"class":71},[260,121800,121802],{"id":121801},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[52,121804,121806],{"className":54,"code":121805,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121807,121808,121817,121831,121835,121845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121809,121810,121812,121814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121811,40413],{"class":67},[61,121813,72],{"class":71},[61,121815,121816],{"class":75}," 3.14\n",[61,121818,121819,121821,121823,121825,121827,121829],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121820,450],{"class":67},[61,121822,72],{"class":71},[61,121824,135],{"class":109},[61,121826,94],{"class":93},[61,121828,25178],{"class":102},[61,121830,258],{"class":93},[61,121832,121833],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,121834,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,121836,121837,121839,121841,121843],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,121838,90],{"class":89},[61,121840,94],{"class":93},[61,121842,476],{"class":102},[61,121844,258],{"class":93},[61,121846,121847,121849,121851,121853,121855,121857],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,121848,90],{"class":89},[61,121850,94],{"class":93},[61,121852,657],{"class":109},[61,121854,94],{"class":93},[61,121856,476],{"class":102},[61,121858,342],{"class":93},[20,121860,121861],{},[3784,121862,345],{},[52,121864,121866],{"className":54,"code":121865,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121867,121868,121872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121869,121870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121871,40204],{"class":75},[61,121873,121874,121876,121878,121880,121882,121884],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121875,3337],{"class":71},[61,121877,3340],{"class":882},[61,121879,3343],{"class":310},[61,121881,185],{"class":314},[61,121883,3348],{"class":310},[61,121885,3351],{"class":71},[260,121887,121889],{"id":121888},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[52,121891,121893],{"className":54,"code":121892,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121894,121895,121903,121917,121921,121931],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121896,121897,121899,121901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121898,68],{"class":67},[61,121900,72],{"class":71},[61,121902,6460],{"class":355},[61,121904,121905,121907,121909,121911,121913,121915],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121906,450],{"class":67},[61,121908,72],{"class":71},[61,121910,135],{"class":109},[61,121912,94],{"class":93},[61,121914,103],{"class":102},[61,121916,258],{"class":93},[61,121918,121919],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,121920,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,121922,121923,121925,121927,121929],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,121924,90],{"class":89},[61,121926,94],{"class":93},[61,121928,476],{"class":102},[61,121930,258],{"class":93},[61,121932,121933,121935,121937,121939,121941,121943],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,121934,90],{"class":89},[61,121936,94],{"class":93},[61,121938,657],{"class":109},[61,121940,94],{"class":93},[61,121942,476],{"class":102},[61,121944,342],{"class":93},[20,121946,121947],{},[3784,121948,345],{},[52,121950,121952],{"className":54,"code":121951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121953,121954,121958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121955,121956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121957,348],{"class":355},[61,121959,121960,121962,121964,121966,121968,121970],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,121961,3337],{"class":71},[61,121963,3340],{"class":882},[61,121965,3343],{"class":310},[61,121967,185],{"class":314},[61,121969,3348],{"class":310},[61,121971,3351],{"class":71},[260,121973,121975],{"id":121974},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[52,121977,121979],{"className":54,"code":121978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121980,121981,122001,122015,122019,122029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121982,121983,121985,121987,121989,121991,121993,121995,121997,121999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121984,7814],{"class":67},[61,121986,72],{"class":71},[61,121988,1088],{"class":93},[61,121990,3035],{"class":75},[61,121992,106],{"class":93},[61,121994,3040],{"class":75},[61,121996,106],{"class":93},[61,121998,1020],{"class":75},[61,122000,1115],{"class":93},[61,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122004,450],{"class":67},[61,122006,72],{"class":71},[61,122008,135],{"class":109},[61,122010,94],{"class":93},[61,122012,7845],{"class":102},[61,122014,258],{"class":93},[61,122016,122017],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122018,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,122020,122021,122023,122025,122027],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,122022,90],{"class":89},[61,122024,94],{"class":93},[61,122026,476],{"class":102},[61,122028,258],{"class":93},[61,122030,122031,122033,122035,122037,122039,122041],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,122032,90],{"class":89},[61,122034,94],{"class":93},[61,122036,657],{"class":109},[61,122038,94],{"class":93},[61,122040,476],{"class":102},[61,122042,342],{"class":93},[20,122044,122045],{},[3784,122046,345],{},[52,122048,122050],{"className":54,"code":122049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122051,122052,122068],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122053,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062,122064,122066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122055,1356],{"class":93},[61,122057,3035],{"class":75},[61,122059,106],{"class":93},[61,122061,3040],{"class":75},[61,122063,106],{"class":93},[61,122065,1020],{"class":75},[61,122067,1115],{"class":93},[61,122069,122070,122072,122074,122076,122078,122080],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122071,3337],{"class":71},[61,122073,3340],{"class":882},[61,122075,3343],{"class":310},[61,122077,185],{"class":314},[61,122079,3348],{"class":310},[61,122081,3351],{"class":71},[20,122083,122084,122085,122087],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3784,122086,4670],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[47,122089,5001,122091],{"id":122090},"when-to-use-str",[15,122092,47696],{},[20,122094,143,122095,122097],{},[15,122096,47696],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122099,36453],{},[164,122101,122102,122105,122108,122111],{},[167,122103,122104],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[167,122106,122107],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[167,122109,122110],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[167,122112,122113],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122115,295],{},[52,122117,122119],{"className":54,"code":122118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122120,122121,122133,122141,122145,122180],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122122,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122124,305],{"class":67},[61,122126,72],{"class":71},[61,122128,311],{"class":310},[61,122130,315],{"class":314},[61,122132,318],{"class":310},[61,122134,122135,122137,122139],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122136,21656],{"class":67},[61,122138,72],{"class":71},[61,122140,380],{"class":75},[61,122142,122143],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122144,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,122146,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155,122157,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171,122173,122175,122178],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,122148,89833],{"class":67},[61,122150,72],{"class":71},[61,122152,35995],{"class":67},[61,122154,2116],{"class":71},[61,122156,311],{"class":310},[61,122158,4823],{"class":314},[61,122160,1010],{"class":310},[61,122162,2502],{"class":71},[61,122164,135],{"class":109},[61,122166,94],{"class":93},[61,122168,9331],{"class":102},[61,122170,664],{"class":93},[61,122172,2502],{"class":71},[61,122174,311],{"class":310},[61,122176,122177],{"class":314}," years old.",[61,122179,318],{"class":310},[61,122181,122182,122184,122186,122188],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,122183,90],{"class":89},[61,122185,94],{"class":93},[61,122187,89850],{"class":102},[61,122189,258],{"class":93},[20,122191,122192],{},[3784,122193,345],{},[52,122195,122197],{"className":54,"code":122196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122198,122199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122200,122201,122204,122206,122208,122211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122202,122203],{"class":67},"Maya ",[61,122205,1199],{"class":71},[61,122207,9338],{"class":75},[61,122209,122210],{"class":67}," years old",[61,122212,122213],{"class":93},".\n",[20,122215,122216,122217,229],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[221,122218,89519],{"href":89518},[47,122220,122222,741,122224],{"id":122221},"str-vs-print",[15,122223,47696],{},[15,122225,46467],{},[20,122227,122228],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[164,122230,122231,122236],{},[167,122232,122233,122235],{},[15,122234,47696],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[167,122237,122238,122240],{},[15,122239,46467],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122242,295],{},[52,122244,122246],{"className":54,"code":122245,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122247,122248,122256,122260,122274,122284,122298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122249,122250,122252,122254],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122251,68],{"class":67},[61,122253,72],{"class":71},[61,122255,2816],{"class":75},[61,122257,122258],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122259,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,122261,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122263,450],{"class":67},[61,122265,72],{"class":71},[61,122267,135],{"class":109},[61,122269,94],{"class":93},[61,122271,103],{"class":102},[61,122273,258],{"class":93},[61,122275,122276,122278,122280,122282],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,122277,90],{"class":89},[61,122279,94],{"class":93},[61,122281,476],{"class":102},[61,122283,258],{"class":93},[61,122285,122286,122288,122290,122292,122294,122296],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,122287,90],{"class":89},[61,122289,94],{"class":93},[61,122291,657],{"class":109},[61,122293,94],{"class":93},[61,122295,476],{"class":102},[61,122297,342],{"class":93},[61,122299,122300,122302,122304,122306,122308,122310],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,122301,90],{"class":89},[61,122303,94],{"class":93},[61,122305,657],{"class":109},[61,122307,94],{"class":93},[61,122309,103],{"class":102},[61,122311,342],{"class":93},[20,122313,122314],{},[3784,122315,345],{},[52,122317,122319],{"className":54,"code":122318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122320,122321,122325,122339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122322,122323],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122324,1278],{"class":75},[61,122326,122327,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122328,3337],{"class":71},[61,122330,3340],{"class":882},[61,122332,3343],{"class":310},[61,122334,185],{"class":314},[61,122336,3348],{"class":310},[61,122338,3351],{"class":71},[61,122340,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122342,3337],{"class":71},[61,122344,3340],{"class":882},[61,122346,3343],{"class":310},[61,122348,189],{"class":314},[61,122350,3348],{"class":310},[61,122352,3351],{"class":71},[20,122354,122355],{},"Notice:",[164,122357,122358,122364,122369],{},[167,122359,122360,122363],{},[15,122361,122362],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[167,122365,122366,122368],{},[15,122367,46467],{}," only displayed values",[167,122370,122371,122373,122374,122376,122377,61126,122379],{},[15,122372,46467],{}," did not change ",[15,122375,103],{}," from ",[15,122378,189],{},[15,122380,185],{},[20,122382,122383,122384,229],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[221,122385,122386,2351],{"href":46464},[15,122387,46467],{},[47,122389,122391,741,122393,122396],{"id":122390},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122392,47696],{},[15,122394,122395],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122398,122399],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[164,122401,122402,122407],{},[167,122403,122404,122406],{},[15,122405,47696],{}," is the more readable text version",[167,122408,122409,122411],{},[15,122410,122395],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122413,122414,122415,122417],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122416,47696],{}," much more often.",[20,122419,122420,122421,122423],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122422,47696],{}," is usually the right choice.",[47,122425,1387],{"id":1386},[260,122427,1564,122429,122431],{"id":122428},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122430,47696],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122433,122434,122436],{},[15,122435,47696],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[52,122438,122440],{"className":54,"code":122439,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122441,122442,122450,122464,122468,122478,122492,122502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122443,122444,122446,122448],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122445,21656],{"class":67},[61,122447,72],{"class":71},[61,122449,380],{"class":75},[61,122451,122452,122454,122456,122458,122460,122462],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122453,450],{"class":67},[61,122455,72],{"class":71},[61,122457,135],{"class":109},[61,122459,94],{"class":93},[61,122461,9331],{"class":102},[61,122463,258],{"class":93},[61,122465,122466],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122467,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,122469,122470,122472,122474,122476],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,122471,90],{"class":89},[61,122473,94],{"class":93},[61,122475,9331],{"class":102},[61,122477,258],{"class":93},[61,122479,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,122481,90],{"class":89},[61,122483,94],{"class":93},[61,122485,657],{"class":109},[61,122487,94],{"class":93},[61,122489,9331],{"class":102},[61,122491,342],{"class":93},[61,122493,122494,122496,122498,122500],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,122495,90],{"class":89},[61,122497,94],{"class":93},[61,122499,476],{"class":102},[61,122501,258],{"class":93},[61,122503,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512,122514],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,122505,90],{"class":89},[61,122507,94],{"class":93},[61,122509,657],{"class":109},[61,122511,94],{"class":93},[61,122513,476],{"class":102},[61,122515,342],{"class":93},[20,122517,122518],{},[3784,122519,345],{},[52,122521,122523],{"className":54,"code":122522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122524,122525,122529,122543,122547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122526,122527],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122528,2756],{"class":75},[61,122530,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122532,3337],{"class":71},[61,122534,3340],{"class":882},[61,122536,3343],{"class":310},[61,122538,189],{"class":314},[61,122540,3348],{"class":310},[61,122542,3351],{"class":71},[61,122544,122545],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122546,2756],{"class":75},[61,122548,122549,122551,122553,122555,122557,122559],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,122550,3337],{"class":71},[61,122552,3340],{"class":882},[61,122554,3343],{"class":310},[61,122556,185],{"class":314},[61,122558,3348],{"class":310},[61,122560,3351],{"class":71},[260,122562,122564],{"id":122563},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122566,6722],{},[52,122568,122570],{"className":54,"code":122569,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122571,122572,122580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122573,122574,122576,122578],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122575,21656],{"class":67},[61,122577,72],{"class":71},[61,122579,380],{"class":75},[61,122581,122582,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122583,450],{"class":67},[61,122585,72],{"class":71},[61,122587,135],{"class":109},[61,122589,94],{"class":93},[61,122591,9331],{"class":102},[61,122593,258],{"class":93},[20,122595,122596],{},"But if you only do this:",[52,122598,122600],{"className":54,"code":122599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122601,122602,122610],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122603,122604,122606,122608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122605,21656],{"class":67},[61,122607,72],{"class":71},[61,122609,380],{"class":75},[61,122611,122612,122614,122616,122618],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122613,185],{"class":109},[61,122615,94],{"class":93},[61,122617,9331],{"class":102},[61,122619,258],{"class":93},[20,122621,122622],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[260,122624,8449,122626,122628],{"id":122625},"using-str-too-early",[15,122627,47696],{}," too early",[20,122630,122631],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[52,122633,122635],{"className":54,"code":122634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122636,122637,122645,122660,122664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122638,122639,122641,122643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122640,40413],{"class":67},[61,122642,72],{"class":71},[61,122644,76],{"class":75},[61,122646,122647,122650,122652,122654,122656,122658],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122648,122649],{"class":67},"text_price ",[61,122651,72],{"class":71},[61,122653,135],{"class":109},[61,122655,94],{"class":93},[61,122657,25178],{"class":102},[61,122659,258],{"class":93},[61,122661,122662],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122663,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,122665,122666],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,122667,122668],{"class":116},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122670,122671,122672,31,122676,122680],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[221,122673,122674],{"href":2923},[15,122675,2926],{},[221,122677,122678],{"href":2929},[15,122679,2932],{},", depending on the situation.",[260,122682,8485,122684,122687],{"id":122683},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122685,122686],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122689,64469],{},[52,122691,122693],{"className":54,"code":122692,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122694,122695,122727],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122696,122697,122699,122701,122703,122705,122707,122709,122711,122713,122715,122717,122719,122721,122723,122725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122698,7814],{"class":67},[61,122700,72],{"class":71},[61,122702,1088],{"class":93},[61,122704,1010],{"class":310},[61,122706,4118],{"class":314},[61,122708,1010],{"class":310},[61,122710,106],{"class":93},[61,122712,311],{"class":310},[61,122714,4127],{"class":314},[61,122716,1010],{"class":310},[61,122718,106],{"class":93},[61,122720,311],{"class":310},[61,122722,33250],{"class":314},[61,122724,1010],{"class":310},[61,122726,1115],{"class":93},[61,122728,122729,122731,122733,122735,122737,122739],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122730,90],{"class":89},[61,122732,94],{"class":93},[61,122734,185],{"class":109},[61,122736,94],{"class":93},[61,122738,7845],{"class":102},[61,122740,342],{"class":93},[20,122742,122743],{},"prints:",[52,122745,122746],{"className":54,"code":72662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,122747,122748],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122749,122750,122752,122754,122756,122758,122760,122762,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122751,1356],{"class":93},[61,122753,3348],{"class":310},[61,122755,4118],{"class":314},[61,122757,3348],{"class":310},[61,122759,106],{"class":93},[61,122761,3343],{"class":310},[61,122763,4127],{"class":314},[61,122765,3348],{"class":310},[61,122767,106],{"class":93},[61,122769,3343],{"class":310},[61,122771,33250],{"class":314},[61,122773,3348],{"class":310},[61,122775,1115],{"class":93},[20,122777,122778],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[47,122780,17445],{"id":17444},[20,122782,122783,22003,122785,229],{},[15,122784,47696],{},[3784,122786,122787],{},"new string",[20,122789,11488],{},[164,122791,122792,122795,122798],{},[167,122793,122794],{},"It always returns a string",[167,122796,122797],{},"It does not modify the original object",[167,122799,7797,122800,122804],{},[221,122801,122802],{"href":752},[15,122803,44],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122806,295],{},[52,122808,122810],{"className":54,"code":122809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122811,122812,122820,122835,122839,122850],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122813,122814,122816,122818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122815,68],{"class":67},[61,122817,72],{"class":71},[61,122819,14157],{"class":75},[61,122821,122822,122825,122827,122829,122831,122833],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122823,122824],{"class":67},"converted ",[61,122826,72],{"class":71},[61,122828,135],{"class":109},[61,122830,94],{"class":93},[61,122832,103],{"class":102},[61,122834,258],{"class":93},[61,122836,122837],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122838,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,122840,122841,122843,122845,122848],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,122842,90],{"class":89},[61,122844,94],{"class":93},[61,122846,122847],{"class":102},"converted",[61,122849,258],{"class":93},[61,122851,122852,122854,122856,122858,122860,122862],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,122853,90],{"class":89},[61,122855,94],{"class":93},[61,122857,657],{"class":109},[61,122859,94],{"class":93},[61,122861,122847],{"class":102},[61,122863,342],{"class":93},[20,122865,122866],{},[3784,122867,345],{},[52,122869,122871],{"className":54,"code":122870,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122872,122873,122878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122874,122875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122876,122877],{"class":75},"99\n",[61,122879,122880,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122881,3337],{"class":71},[61,122883,3340],{"class":882},[61,122885,3343],{"class":310},[61,122887,185],{"class":314},[61,122889,3348],{"class":310},[61,122891,3351],{"class":71},[47,122893,113553],{"id":113552},[20,122895,122896,122897,74641],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122898,47696],{},[164,122900,122901,122904,122907,122912],{},[167,122902,122903],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[167,122905,122906],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[167,122908,8449,122909,122911],{},[15,122910,47696],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[167,122913,122914],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122916,122917,122918,229],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[221,122919,25708,122920],{"href":90231},[15,122921,90232],{},[47,122923,122925],{"id":122924},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122927,122928],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[52,122930,122932],{"className":54,"code":122931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122933,122934,122942,122946,122956,122970,122974,122988,122998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122935,122936,122938,122940],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122937,68],{"class":67},[61,122939,72],{"class":71},[61,122941,380],{"class":75},[61,122943,122944],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,122945,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,122947,122948,122950,122952,122954],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,122949,90],{"class":89},[61,122951,94],{"class":93},[61,122953,103],{"class":102},[61,122955,258],{"class":93},[61,122957,122958,122960,122962,122964,122966,122968],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,122959,90],{"class":89},[61,122961,94],{"class":93},[61,122963,657],{"class":109},[61,122965,94],{"class":93},[61,122967,103],{"class":102},[61,122969,342],{"class":93},[61,122971,122972],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,122973,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,122975,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984,122986],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,122977,122824],{"class":67},[61,122979,72],{"class":71},[61,122981,135],{"class":109},[61,122983,94],{"class":93},[61,122985,103],{"class":102},[61,122987,258],{"class":93},[61,122989,122990,122992,122994,122996],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,122991,90],{"class":89},[61,122993,94],{"class":93},[61,122995,122847],{"class":102},[61,122997,258],{"class":93},[61,122999,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008,123010],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,123001,90],{"class":89},[61,123003,94],{"class":93},[61,123005,657],{"class":109},[61,123007,94],{"class":93},[61,123009,122847],{"class":102},[61,123011,342],{"class":93},[20,123013,123014,123015,186,123017,123019,123020,229],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123016,189],{},[15,123018,2245],{},", or another type into ",[15,123021,185],{},[47,123023,1879],{"id":1878},[260,123025,1883,123027,1886],{"id":123026},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123028,47696],{},[20,123030,123031],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[260,123033,1928,123035,123037],{"id":123034},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123036,47696],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123039,123040],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[260,123042,1898,123044,123046],{"id":123043},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123045,47696],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123048,123049],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[260,123051,94417,123053,123055],{"id":123052},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123054,47696],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123057,123058],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[260,123060,14930,123062,57029,123064,1916],{"id":123061},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123063,47696],{},[15,123065,46467],{},[20,123067,46380,123068,123070,123071,123073],{},[15,123069,47696],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123072,46467],{}," shows output.",[47,123075,1938],{"id":1937},[164,123077,123078,123084,123090,123096,123102,123111,123115],{},[167,123079,123080],{},[221,123081,123082,1947],{"href":46464},[15,123083,46467],{},[167,123085,123086],{},[221,123087,123088,1947],{"href":752},[15,123089,44],{},[167,123091,123092],{},[221,123093,123094,1947],{"href":2923},[15,123095,2926],{},[167,123097,123098],{},[221,123099,123100,1947],{"href":2929},[15,123101,2932],{},[167,123103,123104],{},[221,123105,123107,123108,123110],{"href":123106},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123109,189],{}," to string in Python",[167,123112,123113],{},[221,123114,90509],{"href":89518},[167,123116,123117],{},[221,123118,30375,123119],{"href":90231},[15,123120,90232],{},[1969,123122,123123],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":123125},[123126,123127,123129,123130,123136,123138,123140,123142,123151,123152,123153,123154,123166],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":121544,"depth":79,"text":123128},"What str() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":121711,"depth":79,"text":121712,"children":123131},[123132,123133,123134,123135],{"id":121715,"depth":86,"text":121716},{"id":121801,"depth":86,"text":121802},{"id":121888,"depth":86,"text":121889},{"id":121974,"depth":86,"text":121975},{"id":122090,"depth":79,"text":123137},"When to use str()",{"id":122221,"depth":79,"text":123139},"str() vs print()",{"id":122390,"depth":79,"text":123141},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":123143},[123144,123146,123147,123149],{"id":122428,"depth":86,"text":123145},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122563,"depth":86,"text":122564},{"id":122625,"depth":86,"text":123148},"Using str() too early",{"id":122683,"depth":86,"text":123150},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":113552,"depth":79,"text":113553},{"id":122924,"depth":79,"text":122925},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":123155},[123156,123158,123160,123162,123164],{"id":123026,"depth":86,"text":123157},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123034,"depth":86,"text":123159},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123043,"depth":86,"text":123161},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123052,"depth":86,"text":123163},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123061,"depth":86,"text":123165},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42199,"description":123167},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123174,"title":123175,"body":123176,"description":124629,"extension":2017,"meta":124630,"navigation":82,"path":124631,"seo":124632,"stem":124633,"__hash__":124634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123177,"toc":124591},[123178,123184,123190,123193,123215,123217,123279,123281,123294,123300,123305,123310,123312,123325,123336,123338,123365,123367,123384,123391,123402,123404,123409,123411,123423,123431,123440,123442,123445,123498,123500,123508,123516,123520,123525,123565,123567,123575,123578,123580,123620,123622,123630,123640,123646,123649,123722,123724,123737,123741,123746,123774,123777,123812,123814,123822,123825,123829,123833,123835,123851,123853,123893,123895,123903,123912,123955,123957,123965,123967,123971,123977,123980,124020,124022,124030,124035,124038,124081,124085,124088,124123,124128,124130,124169,124179,124187,124197,124205,124209,124214,124216,124257,124259,124267,124272,124275,124278,124296,124302,124306,124311,124314,124354,124356,124361,124460,124463,124479,124481,124500,124502,124509,124512,124518,124521,124527,124531,124537,124540,124546,124549,124551,124588],[10,123179,123181,123182,11352],{"id":123180},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123183,57114],{},[20,123185,123186,123187,123189],{},"The Python string ",[15,123188,57114],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123191,123192],{},"This reference page explains:",[164,123194,123195,123199,123202,123204,123212],{},[167,123196,26045,123197,154],{},[15,123198,57114],{},[167,123200,123201],{},"its syntax",[167,123203,35420],{},[167,123205,123206,123207,749,123209,123211],{},"how ",[15,123208,36099],{},[15,123210,52483],{}," work",[167,123213,123214],{},"common beginner mistakes",[47,123216,2059],{"id":2058},[52,123218,123220],{"className":54,"code":123219,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123221,123222,123234,123256],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123223,123224,123226,123228,123230,123232],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123225,450],{"class":67},[61,123227,72],{"class":71},[61,123229,311],{"class":310},[61,123231,4127],{"class":314},[61,123233,318],{"class":310},[61,123235,123236,123238,123240,123242,123244,123246,123248,123250,123252,123254],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123237,90],{"class":89},[61,123239,94],{"class":93},[61,123241,476],{"class":102},[61,123243,229],{"class":93},[61,123245,952],{"class":102},[61,123247,94],{"class":93},[61,123249,1010],{"class":310},[61,123251,221],{"class":314},[61,123253,1010],{"class":310},[61,123255,342],{"class":93},[61,123257,123258,123260,123262,123264,123266,123268,123270,123272,123275,123277],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,123259,90],{"class":89},[61,123261,94],{"class":93},[61,123263,476],{"class":102},[61,123265,229],{"class":93},[61,123267,952],{"class":102},[61,123269,94],{"class":93},[61,123271,1010],{"class":310},[61,123273,123274],{"class":314},"na",[61,123276,1010],{"class":310},[61,123278,342],{"class":93},[20,123280,345],{},[52,123282,123284],{"className":54,"code":123283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n2\n",[15,123285,123286,123290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123287,123288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123289,46630],{"class":75},[61,123291,123292],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123293,17083],{"class":75},[20,123295,143,123296,123299],{},[15,123297,123298],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[47,123301,13022,123303,13025],{"id":123302},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123304,57114],{},[20,123306,123307,123309],{},[15,123308,57114],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123311,13078],{},[164,123313,123314,123317,123320,123322],{},[167,123315,123316],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[167,123318,123319],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[167,123321,43681],{},[167,123323,123324],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123326,123327,123328,123330,123331,186,123333,123335],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123329,18123],{}," characters are in ",[15,123332,65100],{},[15,123334,57114],{}," is a simple choice.",[47,123337,233],{"id":232},[52,123339,123341],{"className":54,"code":123340,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123342,123343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123344,123345,123347,123349,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123346,60999],{"class":67},[61,123348,229],{"class":93},[61,123350,952],{"class":102},[61,123352,94],{"class":93},[61,123354,103],{"class":102},[61,123356,106],{"class":93},[61,123358,36078],{"class":102},[61,123360,106],{"class":93},[61,123362,64866],{"class":102},[61,123364,258],{"class":93},[260,123366,17421],{"id":17420},[164,123368,123369,123374,123379],{},[167,123370,123371,123373],{},[15,123372,103],{},": the text to search for",[167,123375,123376,123378],{},[15,123377,36099],{},": optional; where counting begins",[167,123380,123381,123383],{},[15,123382,52483],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123385,123386,749,123388,123390],{},[15,123387,36099],{},[15,123389,52483],{}," work like slice positions:",[164,123392,123393,123398],{},[167,123394,123395,123397],{},[15,123396,36099],{}," is included",[167,123399,123400,75567],{},[15,123401,52483],{},[47,123403,17445],{"id":17444},[20,123405,123406,123408],{},[15,123407,57114],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123410,2181],{},[164,123412,123413,123418],{},[167,123414,123415,123416],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123417,1046],{},[167,123419,123420,123421],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123422,2175],{},[20,123424,40931,123425,5199,123427,31,123429,229],{},[3784,123426,4670],{},[15,123428,30],{},[15,123430,34],{},[20,123432,123433,123434,123439],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[221,123435,123437,101427],{"href":123436},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123438,3924],{}," is often a better fit.",[47,123441,359],{"id":358},[20,123443,123444],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[52,123446,123448],{"className":54,"code":123447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123449,123450,123462,123484,123488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123451,123452,123454,123456,123458,123460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123453,450],{"class":67},[61,123455,72],{"class":71},[61,123457,311],{"class":310},[61,123459,4118],{"class":314},[61,123461,318],{"class":310},[61,123463,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472,123474,123476,123478,123480,123482],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123465,1593],{"class":67},[61,123467,72],{"class":71},[61,123469,42864],{"class":67},[61,123471,229],{"class":93},[61,123473,952],{"class":102},[61,123475,94],{"class":93},[61,123477,1010],{"class":310},[61,123479,20],{"class":314},[61,123481,1010],{"class":310},[61,123483,258],{"class":93},[61,123485,123486],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,123487,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,123489,123490,123492,123494,123496],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,123491,90],{"class":89},[61,123493,94],{"class":93},[61,123495,1620],{"class":102},[61,123497,258],{"class":93},[20,123499,345],{},[52,123501,123502],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123503,123504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123505,123506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123507,17083],{"class":75},[20,123509,63645,123510,123513,123514,229],{},[15,123511,123512],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123515,57657],{},[47,123517,123519],{"id":123518},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123521,123522,123524],{},[15,123523,57114],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[52,123526,123528],{"className":54,"code":123527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123529,123530,123543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123531,123532,123534,123536,123538,123541],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123533,450],{"class":67},[61,123535,72],{"class":71},[61,123537,311],{"class":310},[61,123539,123540],{"class":314},"cat dog cat bird cat",[61,123542,318],{"class":310},[61,123544,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557,123559,123561,123563],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123546,90],{"class":89},[61,123548,94],{"class":93},[61,123550,476],{"class":102},[61,123552,229],{"class":93},[61,123554,952],{"class":102},[61,123556,94],{"class":93},[61,123558,1010],{"class":310},[61,123560,37075],{"class":314},[61,123562,1010],{"class":310},[61,123564,342],{"class":93},[20,123566,345],{},[52,123568,123569],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123570,123571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123572,123573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123574,46630],{"class":75},[20,123576,123577],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123579,295],{},[52,123581,123583],{"className":54,"code":123582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123584,123585,123598],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123586,123587,123589,123591,123593,123596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123588,450],{"class":67},[61,123590,72],{"class":71},[61,123592,311],{"class":310},[61,123594,123595],{"class":314},"one One one",[61,123597,318],{"class":310},[61,123599,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123601,90],{"class":89},[61,123603,94],{"class":93},[61,123605,476],{"class":102},[61,123607,229],{"class":93},[61,123609,952],{"class":102},[61,123611,94],{"class":93},[61,123613,1010],{"class":310},[61,123615,6620],{"class":314},[61,123617,1010],{"class":310},[61,123619,342],{"class":93},[20,123621,345],{},[52,123623,123624],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123625,123626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123627,123628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123629,17083],{"class":75},[20,123631,123632,123633,123636,123637,123639],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123634,123635],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123638,57114],{}," is case-sensitive.",[47,123641,8449,123642,749,123644],{"id":65232},[15,123643,36099],{},[15,123645,52483],{},[20,123647,123648],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[52,123650,123652],{"className":54,"code":123651,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123653,123654,123666,123692],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123655,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123657,450],{"class":67},[61,123659,72],{"class":71},[61,123661,311],{"class":310},[61,123663,4127],{"class":314},[61,123665,318],{"class":310},[61,123667,123668,123670,123672,123674,123676,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688,123690],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123669,90],{"class":89},[61,123671,94],{"class":93},[61,123673,476],{"class":102},[61,123675,229],{"class":93},[61,123677,952],{"class":102},[61,123679,94],{"class":93},[61,123681,1010],{"class":310},[61,123683,221],{"class":314},[61,123685,1010],{"class":310},[61,123687,106],{"class":93},[61,123689,3040],{"class":75},[61,123691,342],{"class":93},[61,123693,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,123695,90],{"class":89},[61,123697,94],{"class":93},[61,123699,476],{"class":102},[61,123701,229],{"class":93},[61,123703,952],{"class":102},[61,123705,94],{"class":93},[61,123707,1010],{"class":310},[61,123709,221],{"class":314},[61,123711,1010],{"class":310},[61,123713,106],{"class":93},[61,123715,3040],{"class":75},[61,123717,106],{"class":93},[61,123719,4644],{"class":75},[61,123721,342],{"class":93},[20,123723,345],{},[52,123725,123727],{"className":54,"code":123726,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n1\n",[15,123728,123729,123733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123730,123731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123732,17083],{"class":75},[61,123734,123735],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123736,46930],{"class":75},[260,123738,123740],{"id":123739},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123742,123743,123744,1314],{},"In ",[15,123745,65100],{},[164,123747,123748,123756,123764],{},[167,123749,70791,123750,123752,123753],{},[15,123751,2113],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123754,123755],{},"\"n\"",[167,123757,123758,123761,123762,75865],{},[15,123759,123760],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123763,2113],{},[167,123765,123766,123761,123769,123771,123772],{},[15,123767,123768],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123770,2113],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123773,2192],{},[20,123775,123776],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[52,123778,123780],{"className":54,"code":123779,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123781,123782,123794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123783,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123785,450],{"class":67},[61,123787,72],{"class":71},[61,123789,311],{"class":310},[61,123791,4127],{"class":314},[61,123793,318],{"class":310},[61,123795,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123797,90],{"class":89},[61,123799,94],{"class":93},[61,123801,476],{"class":102},[61,123803,1356],{"class":93},[61,123805,2113],{"class":75},[61,123807,1314],{"class":93},[61,123809,2192],{"class":75},[61,123811,1365],{"class":93},[20,123813,345],{},[52,123815,123816],{"className":54,"code":41493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123817,123818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123819,123820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123821,41493],{"class":67},[20,123823,123824],{},"Only that section is searched.",[47,123826,123828],{"id":123827},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123830,123831,123639],{},[15,123832,57114],{},[20,123834,2162],{},[164,123836,123837,123845],{},[167,123838,123839,749,123841,123844],{},[15,123840,18123],{},[15,123842,123843],{},"\"A\""," are different",[167,123846,123847,749,123849,123844],{},[15,123848,64360],{},[15,123850,90244],{},[20,123852,295],{},[52,123854,123856],{"className":54,"code":123855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123857,123858,123871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123859,123860,123862,123864,123866,123869],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123861,450],{"class":67},[61,123863,72],{"class":71},[61,123865,311],{"class":310},[61,123867,123868],{"class":314},"Apple apple APPLE",[61,123870,318],{"class":310},[61,123872,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123874,90],{"class":89},[61,123876,94],{"class":93},[61,123878,476],{"class":102},[61,123880,229],{"class":93},[61,123882,952],{"class":102},[61,123884,94],{"class":93},[61,123886,1010],{"class":310},[61,123888,4118],{"class":314},[61,123890,1010],{"class":310},[61,123892,342],{"class":93},[20,123894,345],{},[52,123896,123897],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123898,123899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123900,123901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123902,46930],{"class":75},[20,123904,123905,123906,1314],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[221,123907,123909],{"href":123908},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123910,123911],{},"lower()",[52,123913,123915],{"className":54,"code":123914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123916,123917,123929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123918,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123920,450],{"class":67},[61,123922,72],{"class":71},[61,123924,311],{"class":310},[61,123926,123868],{"class":314},[61,123928,318],{"class":310},[61,123930,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,123932,90],{"class":89},[61,123934,94],{"class":93},[61,123936,476],{"class":102},[61,123938,229],{"class":93},[61,123940,8673],{"class":102},[61,123942,8670],{"class":93},[61,123944,952],{"class":102},[61,123946,94],{"class":93},[61,123948,1010],{"class":310},[61,123950,4118],{"class":314},[61,123952,1010],{"class":310},[61,123954,342],{"class":93},[20,123956,345],{},[52,123958,123959],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,123960,123961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123962,123963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123964,46630],{"class":75},[47,123966,2878],{"id":2877},[20,123968,23122,123969,229],{},[15,123970,57114],{},[260,123972,8485,123974,123976],{"id":123973},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123975,57114],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123978,123979],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[52,123981,123983],{"className":54,"code":123982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123984,123985,123998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123986,123987,123989,123991,123993,123996],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123988,450],{"class":67},[61,123990,72],{"class":71},[61,123992,311],{"class":310},[61,123994,123995],{"class":314},"Aardvark",[61,123997,318],{"class":310},[61,123999,124000,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124001,90],{"class":89},[61,124003,94],{"class":93},[61,124005,476],{"class":102},[61,124007,229],{"class":93},[61,124009,952],{"class":102},[61,124011,94],{"class":93},[61,124013,1010],{"class":310},[61,124015,221],{"class":314},[61,124017,1010],{"class":310},[61,124019,342],{"class":93},[20,124021,345],{},[52,124023,124024],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,124025,124026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124027,124028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124029,17083],{"class":75},[20,124031,123632,124032,124034],{},[15,124033,123843],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124036,124037],{},"If needed, convert first:",[52,124039,124041],{"className":54,"code":124040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124042,124043,124055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124044,124045,124047,124049,124051,124053],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124046,450],{"class":67},[61,124048,72],{"class":71},[61,124050,311],{"class":310},[61,124052,123995],{"class":314},[61,124054,318],{"class":310},[61,124056,124057,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124058,90],{"class":89},[61,124060,94],{"class":93},[61,124062,476],{"class":102},[61,124064,229],{"class":93},[61,124066,8673],{"class":102},[61,124068,8670],{"class":93},[61,124070,952],{"class":102},[61,124072,94],{"class":93},[61,124074,1010],{"class":310},[61,124076,221],{"class":314},[61,124078,1010],{"class":310},[61,124080,342],{"class":93},[260,124082,124084],{"id":124083},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124086,124087],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[52,124089,124091],{"className":54,"code":124090,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124092,124093,124105],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124094,124095,124097,124099,124101,124103],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124096,450],{"class":67},[61,124098,72],{"class":71},[61,124100,311],{"class":310},[61,124102,4127],{"class":314},[61,124104,318],{"class":310},[61,124106,124107,124109,124111,124113,124115,124117,124119,124121],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124108,90],{"class":89},[61,124110,94],{"class":93},[61,124112,476],{"class":102},[61,124114,229],{"class":93},[61,124116,952],{"class":102},[61,124118,94],{"class":93},[61,124120,221],{"class":102},[61,124122,342],{"class":93},[20,124124,124125,124126,229],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124127,221],{},[20,124129,10837],{},[52,124131,124133],{"className":54,"code":124132,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124134,124135,124147],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124136,124137,124139,124141,124143,124145],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124138,450],{"class":67},[61,124140,72],{"class":71},[61,124142,311],{"class":310},[61,124144,4127],{"class":314},[61,124146,318],{"class":310},[61,124148,124149,124151,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124150,90],{"class":89},[61,124152,94],{"class":93},[61,124154,476],{"class":102},[61,124156,229],{"class":93},[61,124158,952],{"class":102},[61,124160,94],{"class":93},[61,124162,1010],{"class":310},[61,124164,221],{"class":314},[61,124166,1010],{"class":310},[61,124168,342],{"class":93},[260,124170,37232,124172,8738,124174,31,124177],{"id":124171},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124173,57114],{},[15,124175,124176],{},"find()",[15,124178,58792],{},[20,124180,143,124181,124183,124184,229],{},[15,124182,57114],{}," when you need the ",[3784,124185,124186],{},"number of matches",[20,124188,143,124189,124183,124194,124196],{},[221,124190,124192],{"href":124191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124193,124176],{},[3784,124195,64772],{}," of the first match.",[20,124198,143,124199,124204],{},[221,124200,124202],{"href":124201},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124203,58792],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[260,124206,124208],{"id":124207},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124210,124211,124213],{},[15,124212,57114],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124215,295],{},[52,124217,124219],{"className":54,"code":124218,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124220,124221,124234],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124222,124223,124225,124227,124229,124232],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124224,450],{"class":67},[61,124226,72],{"class":71},[61,124228,311],{"class":310},[61,124230,124231],{"class":314},"aaaa",[61,124233,318],{"class":310},[61,124235,124236,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124253,124255],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124237,90],{"class":89},[61,124239,94],{"class":93},[61,124241,476],{"class":102},[61,124243,229],{"class":93},[61,124245,952],{"class":102},[61,124247,94],{"class":93},[61,124249,1010],{"class":310},[61,124251,124252],{"class":314},"aa",[61,124254,1010],{"class":310},[61,124256,342],{"class":93},[20,124258,345],{},[52,124260,124261],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,124262,124263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124264,124265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124266,17083],{"class":75},[20,124268,124269,124270,229],{},"It does not return ",[15,124271,1046],{},[20,124273,124274],{},"Why not?",[20,124276,124277],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[164,124279,124280,124289],{},[167,124281,124282,124285,124286],{},[15,124283,124284],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124287,124288],{},"0-1",[167,124290,124291,124285,124293],{},[15,124292,124284],{},[15,124294,124295],{},"2-3",[20,124297,124298,124299,229],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124300,124301],{},"1-2",[47,124303,5001,124304],{"id":58197},[15,124305,57114],{},[20,124307,143,124308,124310],{},[15,124309,57114],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124312,124313],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[164,124315,124316,124325,124335,124345],{},[167,124317,143,124318,124320,124321,124324],{},[15,124319,57114],{}," when you need ",[3784,124322,124323],{},"how many times"," something appears",[167,124326,143,124327,124320,124331,124334],{},[221,124328,124329],{"href":124191},[15,124330,124176],{},[3784,124332,124333],{},"where"," it appears",[167,124336,47823,124337,124341,124342],{},[221,124338,124339,101427],{"href":123436},[15,124340,3924],{}," when you only need to know ",[3784,124343,124344],{},"if it exists",[167,124346,143,124347,124353],{},[221,124348,124350],{"href":124349},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124351,124352],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[47,124355,1731],{"id":1730},[20,124357,8908,124358,124360],{},[15,124359,57114],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[52,124362,124364],{"className":54,"code":124363,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124365,124366,124376,124390,124412,124438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124367,124368,124370,124372,124374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124369,90],{"class":89},[61,124371,94],{"class":93},[61,124373,476],{"class":102},[61,124375,258],{"class":93},[61,124377,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386,124388],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124379,90],{"class":89},[61,124381,94],{"class":93},[61,124383,657],{"class":109},[61,124385,94],{"class":93},[61,124387,476],{"class":102},[61,124389,342],{"class":93},[61,124391,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404,124406,124408,124410],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,124393,90],{"class":89},[61,124395,94],{"class":93},[61,124397,476],{"class":102},[61,124399,229],{"class":93},[61,124401,952],{"class":102},[61,124403,94],{"class":93},[61,124405,1010],{"class":310},[61,124407,221],{"class":314},[61,124409,1010],{"class":310},[61,124411,342],{"class":93},[61,124413,124414,124416,124418,124420,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,124415,90],{"class":89},[61,124417,94],{"class":93},[61,124419,476],{"class":102},[61,124421,229],{"class":93},[61,124423,8673],{"class":102},[61,124425,8670],{"class":93},[61,124427,952],{"class":102},[61,124429,94],{"class":93},[61,124431,1010],{"class":310},[61,124433,221],{"class":314},[61,124435,1010],{"class":310},[61,124437,342],{"class":93},[61,124439,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452,124454,124456,124458],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,124441,90],{"class":89},[61,124443,94],{"class":93},[61,124445,476],{"class":102},[61,124447,229],{"class":93},[61,124449,952],{"class":102},[61,124451,94],{"class":93},[61,124453,1010],{"class":310},[61,124455,123274],{"class":314},[61,124457,1010],{"class":310},[61,124459,342],{"class":93},[20,124461,124462],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[164,124464,124465,124468,124473,124476],{},[167,124466,124467],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[167,124469,124470,124472],{},[15,124471,476],{}," not being a string",[167,124474,124475],{},"counting the wrong substring",[167,124477,124478],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124480,58686],{},[164,124482,124483,124486,124489,124492],{},[167,124484,124485],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[167,124487,124488],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[167,124490,124491],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[167,124493,1840,124494,44649,124496,31,124498,73137],{},[15,124495,57114],{},[15,124497,124176],{},[15,124499,3924],{},[47,124501,1879],{"id":1878},[260,124503,124505,124506,124508],{"id":124504},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124507,57114],{}," change the original string?",[20,124510,124511],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[260,124513,14930,124515,124517],{"id":124514},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124516,57114],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124519,124520],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[260,124522,1883,124524,124526],{"id":124523},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124525,57114],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124528,1889,124529,229],{},[15,124530,2175],{},[260,124532,1898,124534,124536],{"id":124533},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124535,57114],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124538,124539],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[260,124541,1928,124543,124545],{"id":124542},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124544,57114],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124547,124548],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[47,124550,1938],{"id":1937},[164,124552,124553,124560,124567,124574,124581],{},[167,124554,124555],{},[221,124556,124557],{"href":124191},[15,124558,124559],{},"Python string find() method",[167,124561,124562],{},[221,124563,124564],{"href":124201},[15,124565,124566],{},"Python string index() method",[167,124568,124569],{},[221,124570,124571],{"href":123908},[15,124572,124573],{},"Python string lower() method",[167,124575,124576],{},[221,124577,124578],{"href":123436},[15,124579,124580],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[167,124582,124583],{},[221,124584,124585],{"href":124349},[15,124586,124587],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1969,124589,124590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":124592},[124593,124594,124596,124599,124600,124601,124602,124605,124606,124614,124615,124616,124628],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":123302,"depth":79,"text":124595},"What the count() method does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":124597},[124598],{"id":17420,"depth":86,"text":17421},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":123518,"depth":79,"text":123519},{"id":65232,"depth":79,"text":66015,"children":124603},[124604],{"id":123739,"depth":86,"text":123740},{"id":123827,"depth":79,"text":123828},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":124607},[124608,124610,124611,124613],{"id":123973,"depth":86,"text":124609},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124083,"depth":86,"text":124084},{"id":124171,"depth":86,"text":124612},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124207,"depth":86,"text":124208},{"id":58197,"depth":79,"text":58828},{"id":1730,"depth":79,"text":1731},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":124617},[124618,124620,124622,124624,124626],{"id":124504,"depth":86,"text":124619},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124514,"depth":86,"text":124621},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124523,"depth":86,"text":124623},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124533,"depth":86,"text":124625},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124542,"depth":86,"text":124627},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123175,"description":124629},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124636,"title":124637,"body":124638,"description":126223,"extension":2017,"meta":126224,"navigation":82,"path":126225,"seo":126226,"stem":126227,"__hash__":126228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124639,"toc":126196},[124640,124643,124646,124743,124752,124754,124773,124777,124780,124783,124796,124799,124828,124833,124838,124896,124898,124931,124937,124941,124944,124947,124976,124979,125006,125009,125012,125016,125019,125026,125089,125091,125109,125112,125116,125119,125122,125164,125167,125211,125214,125217,125221,125226,125229,125272,125274,125297,125300,125333,125336,125385,125395,125399,125402,125405,125434,125437,125448,125450,125509,125512,125516,125519,125522,125537,125546,125549,125583,125586,125613,125616,125623,125625,125628,125630,125633,125647,125656,125658,125685,125689,125692,125706,125709,125768,125772,125775,125802,125805,125832,125840,125843,125903,125905,125938,125942,125945,125964,125969,126018,126023,126025,126028,126087,126105,126107,126111,126119,126123,126126,126130,126136,126140,126150,126154,126157,126159,126193],[10,124641,124637],{"id":124642},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124644,124645],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[52,124647,124649],{"className":54,"code":124648,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124650,124651,124663,124675,124684,124698,124702,124712,124722,124733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124652,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124654,305],{"class":67},[61,124656,72],{"class":71},[61,124658,311],{"class":310},[61,124660,5044],{"class":314},[61,124662,318],{"class":310},[61,124664,124665,124667,124669,124671,124673],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124666,89833],{"class":67},[61,124668,72],{"class":71},[61,124670,3343],{"class":310},[61,124672,34892],{"class":314},[61,124674,29727],{"class":310},[61,124676,124677,124680,124682],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,124678,124679],{"class":67},"empty ",[61,124681,72],{"class":71},[61,124683,7916],{"class":310},[61,124685,124686,124688,124690,124692,124694,124696],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,124687,450],{"class":67},[61,124689,72],{"class":71},[61,124691,135],{"class":109},[61,124693,94],{"class":93},[61,124695,1586],{"class":75},[61,124697,258],{"class":93},[61,124699,124700],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,124701,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,124703,124704,124706,124708,124710],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,124705,90],{"class":89},[61,124707,94],{"class":93},[61,124709,335],{"class":102},[61,124711,258],{"class":93},[61,124713,124714,124716,124718,124720],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,124715,90],{"class":89},[61,124717,94],{"class":93},[61,124719,89850],{"class":102},[61,124721,258],{"class":93},[61,124723,124724,124726,124728,124731],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,124725,90],{"class":89},[61,124727,94],{"class":93},[61,124729,124730],{"class":102},"empty",[61,124732,258],{"class":93},[61,124734,124735,124737,124739,124741],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,124736,90],{"class":89},[61,124738,94],{"class":93},[61,124740,476],{"class":102},[61,124742,258],{"class":93},[20,124744,124745,124748,124749,124751],{},[3784,124746,124747],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124750,47696],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[47,124753,15190],{"id":15189},[164,124755,124756,124759,124762,124765,124770],{},[167,124757,124758],{},"What a string is in Python",[167,124760,124761],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[167,124763,124764],{},"How to create an empty string",[167,124766,124767,124768],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124769,47696],{},[167,124771,124772],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[47,124774,124776],{"id":124775},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124778,124779],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124781,124782],{},"Strings can contain:",[164,124784,124785,124788,124790,124793],{},[167,124786,124787],{},"Letters",[167,124789,56285],{},[167,124791,124792],{},"Spaces",[167,124794,124795],{},"Symbols",[20,124797,124798],{},"Examples of strings:",[52,124800,124802],{"className":54,"code":124801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124803,124804,124812,124820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124805,124806,124808,124810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124807,1010],{"class":43351},[61,124809,457],{"class":43355},[61,124811,318],{"class":43351},[61,124813,124814,124816,124818],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124815,1010],{"class":43351},[61,124817,1586],{"class":43355},[61,124819,318],{"class":43351},[61,124821,124822,124824,124826],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,124823,1010],{"class":43351},[61,124825,88975],{"class":43355},[61,124827,318],{"class":43351},[20,124829,21005,124830,124832],{},[15,124831,1638],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124834,124835,124836,1314],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124837,44],{},[52,124839,124841],{"className":54,"code":124840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124842,124843,124855,124864,124868,124882],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124844,124845,124847,124849,124851,124853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124846,450],{"class":67},[61,124848,72],{"class":71},[61,124850,311],{"class":310},[61,124852,1586],{"class":314},[61,124854,318],{"class":310},[61,124856,124857,124859,124861],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124858,2269],{"class":67},[61,124860,72],{"class":71},[61,124862,124863],{"class":75}," 123\n",[61,124865,124866],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,124867,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,124869,124870,124872,124874,124876,124878,124880],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,124871,90],{"class":89},[61,124873,94],{"class":93},[61,124875,657],{"class":109},[61,124877,94],{"class":93},[61,124879,476],{"class":102},[61,124881,342],{"class":93},[61,124883,124884,124886,124888,124890,124892,124894],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,124885,90],{"class":89},[61,124887,94],{"class":93},[61,124889,657],{"class":109},[61,124891,94],{"class":93},[61,124893,1271],{"class":102},[61,124895,342],{"class":93},[20,124897,345],{},[52,124899,124901],{"className":54,"code":124900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124902,124903,124917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124904,124905,124907,124909,124911,124913,124915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124906,3337],{"class":71},[61,124908,3340],{"class":882},[61,124910,3343],{"class":310},[61,124912,185],{"class":314},[61,124914,3348],{"class":310},[61,124916,3351],{"class":71},[61,124918,124919,124921,124923,124925,124927,124929],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124920,3337],{"class":71},[61,124922,3340],{"class":882},[61,124924,3343],{"class":310},[61,124926,189],{"class":314},[61,124928,3348],{"class":310},[61,124930,3351],{"class":71},[20,124932,124933,124934,229],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[221,124935,124936],{"href":50797},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[47,124938,124940],{"id":124939},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124942,124943],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124945,124946],{},"You can use single quotes:",[52,124948,124950],{"className":54,"code":124949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124951,124952,124965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124953,124954,124957,124959,124961,124963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124955,124956],{"class":67},"greeting ",[61,124958,72],{"class":71},[61,124960,3343],{"class":310},[61,124962,457],{"class":314},[61,124964,29727],{"class":310},[61,124966,124967,124969,124971,124974],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124968,90],{"class":89},[61,124970,94],{"class":93},[61,124972,124973],{"class":102},"greeting",[61,124975,258],{"class":93},[20,124977,124978],{},"Or double quotes:",[52,124980,124982],{"className":54,"code":124981,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124983,124984,124996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124985,124986,124988,124990,124992,124994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124987,124956],{"class":67},[61,124989,72],{"class":71},[61,124991,311],{"class":310},[61,124993,457],{"class":314},[61,124995,318],{"class":310},[61,124997,124998,125000,125002,125004],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,124999,90],{"class":89},[61,125001,94],{"class":93},[61,125003,124973],{"class":102},[61,125005,258],{"class":93},[20,125007,125008],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125010,125011],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[47,125013,125015],{"id":125014},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125017,125018],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125020,125021,125022,31,125024,1314],{},"Use either ",[15,125023,6311],{},[15,125025,3815],{},[52,125027,125029],{"className":54,"code":125028,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125030,125031,125040,125049,125053,125064,125075],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125032,125033,125036,125038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125034,125035],{"class":67},"empty1 ",[61,125037,72],{"class":71},[61,125039,7916],{"class":310},[61,125041,125042,125045,125047],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125043,125044],{"class":67},"empty2 ",[61,125046,72],{"class":71},[61,125048,47508],{"class":310},[61,125050,125051],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125052,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,125054,125055,125057,125059,125062],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,125056,90],{"class":89},[61,125058,94],{"class":93},[61,125060,125061],{"class":102},"empty1",[61,125063,258],{"class":93},[61,125065,125066,125068,125070,125073],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,125067,90],{"class":89},[61,125069,94],{"class":93},[61,125071,125072],{"class":102},"empty2",[61,125074,258],{"class":93},[61,125076,125077,125079,125081,125083,125085,125087],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,125078,90],{"class":89},[61,125080,94],{"class":93},[61,125082,657],{"class":109},[61,125084,94],{"class":93},[61,125086,125061],{"class":102},[61,125088,342],{"class":93},[20,125090,345],{},[52,125092,125093],{"className":54,"code":45785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,125094,125095],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125096,125097,125099,125101,125103,125105,125107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125098,3337],{"class":71},[61,125100,3340],{"class":882},[61,125102,3343],{"class":310},[61,125104,185],{"class":314},[61,125106,3348],{"class":310},[61,125108,3351],{"class":71},[20,125110,125111],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[47,125113,125115],{"id":125114},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125117,125118],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125120,125121],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[52,125123,125125],{"className":54,"code":125124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125126,125127,125138,125143,125150,125154],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125128,125129,125131,125133,125136],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125130,89833],{"class":67},[61,125132,72],{"class":71},[61,125134,125135],{"class":310}," \"\"\"",[61,125137,88775],{"class":314},[61,125139,125140],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125141,125142],{"class":314},"Welcome to Python\n",[61,125144,125145,125148],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125146,125147],{"class":314},"Have a nice day",[61,125149,43359],{"class":310},[61,125151,125152],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,125153,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,125155,125156,125158,125160,125162],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,125157,90],{"class":89},[61,125159,94],{"class":93},[61,125161,89850],{"class":102},[61,125163,258],{"class":93},[20,125165,125166],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[52,125168,125170],{"className":54,"code":125169,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125171,125172,125184,125189,125197,125201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125173,125174,125176,125178,125181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125175,89833],{"class":67},[61,125177,72],{"class":71},[61,125179,125180],{"class":310}," '''",[61,125182,125183],{"class":314},"Line 1\n",[61,125185,125186],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125187,125188],{"class":314},"Line 2\n",[61,125190,125191,125194],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125192,125193],{"class":314},"Line 3",[61,125195,125196],{"class":310},"'''\n",[61,125198,125199],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,125200,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,125202,125203,125205,125207,125209],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,125204,90],{"class":89},[61,125206,94],{"class":93},[61,125208,89850],{"class":102},[61,125210,258],{"class":93},[20,125212,125213],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125215,125216],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[47,125218,125220],{"id":125219},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125222,2034,125223,125225],{},[15,125224,47696],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125227,125228],{},"Example with a number:",[52,125230,125232],{"className":54,"code":125231,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125233,125234,125248,125258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125235,125236,125238,125240,125242,125244,125246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125237,450],{"class":67},[61,125239,72],{"class":71},[61,125241,135],{"class":109},[61,125243,94],{"class":93},[61,125245,1225],{"class":75},[61,125247,258],{"class":93},[61,125249,125250,125252,125254,125256],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125251,90],{"class":89},[61,125253,94],{"class":93},[61,125255,476],{"class":102},[61,125257,258],{"class":93},[61,125259,125260,125262,125264,125266,125268,125270],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125261,90],{"class":89},[61,125263,94],{"class":93},[61,125265,657],{"class":109},[61,125267,94],{"class":93},[61,125269,476],{"class":102},[61,125271,342],{"class":93},[20,125273,345],{},[52,125275,125277],{"className":54,"code":125276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125278,125279,125283],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125280,125281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125282,1278],{"class":75},[61,125284,125285,125287,125289,125291,125293,125295],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125286,3337],{"class":71},[61,125288,3340],{"class":882},[61,125290,3343],{"class":310},[61,125292,185],{"class":314},[61,125294,3348],{"class":310},[61,125296,3351],{"class":71},[20,125298,125299],{},"You can also convert other values:",[52,125301,125303],{"className":54,"code":125302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125304,125305,125319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125306,125307,125309,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125308,90],{"class":89},[61,125310,94],{"class":93},[61,125312,185],{"class":109},[61,125314,94],{"class":93},[61,125316,30],{"class":355},[61,125318,342],{"class":93},[61,125320,125321,125323,125325,125327,125329,125331],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125322,90],{"class":89},[61,125324,94],{"class":93},[61,125326,185],{"class":109},[61,125328,94],{"class":93},[61,125330,40170],{"class":75},[61,125332,342],{"class":93},[20,125334,125335],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[52,125337,125339],{"className":54,"code":125338,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125340,125341,125349,125371,125375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125342,125343,125345,125347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125344,21656],{"class":67},[61,125346,72],{"class":71},[61,125348,380],{"class":75},[61,125350,125351,125353,125355,125357,125359,125361,125363,125365,125367,125369],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125352,89833],{"class":67},[61,125354,72],{"class":71},[61,125356,311],{"class":310},[61,125358,89251],{"class":314},[61,125360,1010],{"class":310},[61,125362,2502],{"class":71},[61,125364,135],{"class":109},[61,125366,94],{"class":93},[61,125368,9331],{"class":102},[61,125370,258],{"class":93},[61,125372,125373],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125374,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,125376,125377,125379,125381,125383],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,125378,90],{"class":89},[61,125380,94],{"class":93},[61,125382,89850],{"class":102},[61,125384,258],{"class":93},[20,125386,125387,125388,31,125392,229],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[221,125389,13,125390,1947],{"href":42198},[15,125391,47696],{},[221,125393,125394],{"href":123106},"how to convert int to string in Python",[47,125396,125398],{"id":125397},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125400,125401],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125403,125404],{},"Both of these are valid:",[52,125406,125408],{"className":54,"code":125407,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125409,125410,125422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125411,125412,125414,125416,125418,125420],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125413,2602],{"class":67},[61,125415,72],{"class":71},[61,125417,3343],{"class":310},[61,125419,7331],{"class":314},[61,125421,29727],{"class":310},[61,125423,125424,125426,125428,125430,125432],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125425,2630],{"class":67},[61,125427,72],{"class":71},[61,125429,311],{"class":310},[61,125431,7331],{"class":314},[61,125433,318],{"class":310},[20,125435,125436],{},"A common rule is:",[164,125438,125439,125442,125445],{},[167,125440,125441],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[167,125443,125444],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[167,125446,125447],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125449,295],{},[52,125451,125453],{"className":54,"code":125452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125454,125455,125469,125483,125487,125498],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125456,125457,125460,125462,125464,125467],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125458,125459],{"class":67},"text1 ",[61,125461,72],{"class":71},[61,125463,311],{"class":310},[61,125465,125466],{"class":314},"It's working",[61,125468,318],{"class":310},[61,125470,125471,125474,125476,125478,125481],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125472,125473],{"class":67},"text2 ",[61,125475,72],{"class":71},[61,125477,3343],{"class":310},[61,125479,125480],{"class":314},"She said \"hello\"",[61,125482,29727],{"class":310},[61,125484,125485],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125486,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,125488,125489,125491,125493,125496],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,125490,90],{"class":89},[61,125492,94],{"class":93},[61,125494,125495],{"class":102},"text1",[61,125497,258],{"class":93},[61,125499,125500,125502,125504,125507],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,125501,90],{"class":89},[61,125503,94],{"class":93},[61,125505,125506],{"class":102},"text2",[61,125508,258],{"class":93},[20,125510,125511],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[47,125513,125515],{"id":125514},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125517,125518],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125520,125521],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[52,125523,125525],{"className":54,"code":125524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125526,125527,125532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125528,125529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125530,125531],{"class":116},"# This will cause an error\n",[61,125533,125534],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125535,125536],{"class":116},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125538,125539,125540,35355,125542,125545],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125541,3348],{},[15,125543,125544],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125547,125548],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[52,125550,125552],{"className":54,"code":125551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125553,125554,125573],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125555,125556,125558,125560,125562,125565,125568,125571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125557,450],{"class":67},[61,125559,72],{"class":71},[61,125561,3343],{"class":310},[61,125563,125564],{"class":314},"It",[61,125566,125567],{"class":34483},"\\'",[61,125569,125570],{"class":314},"s working",[61,125572,29727],{"class":310},[61,125574,125575,125577,125579,125581],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125576,90],{"class":89},[61,125578,94],{"class":93},[61,125580,476],{"class":102},[61,125582,258],{"class":93},[20,125584,125585],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[52,125587,125589],{"className":54,"code":125588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125590,125591,125603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125592,125593,125595,125597,125599,125601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125594,450],{"class":67},[61,125596,72],{"class":71},[61,125598,311],{"class":310},[61,125600,125466],{"class":314},[61,125602,318],{"class":310},[61,125604,125605,125607,125609,125611],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125606,90],{"class":89},[61,125608,94],{"class":93},[61,125610,476],{"class":102},[61,125612,258],{"class":93},[20,125614,125615],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125617,125618,125619,229],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[221,125620,125622],{"href":125621},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[47,125624,2878],{"id":2877},[20,125626,125627],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[260,125629,90040],{"id":90039},[20,125631,125632],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[52,125634,125636],{"className":54,"code":125635,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125637,125638,125642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125639,125640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125641,125531],{"class":116},[61,125643,125644],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125645,125646],{"class":116},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125648,125649,125650,8634,125653,125655],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125651,125652],{},"NameError",[15,125654,5044],{}," is not defined.",[20,125657,10837],{},[52,125659,125661],{"className":54,"code":125660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125662,125663,125675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125664,125665,125667,125669,125671,125673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125666,305],{"class":67},[61,125668,72],{"class":71},[61,125670,311],{"class":310},[61,125672,5044],{"class":314},[61,125674,318],{"class":310},[61,125676,125677,125679,125681,125683],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125678,90],{"class":89},[61,125680,94],{"class":93},[61,125682,335],{"class":102},[61,125684,258],{"class":93},[260,125686,125688],{"id":125687},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125690,125691],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[52,125693,125695],{"className":54,"code":125694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125696,125697,125701],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125698,125699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125700,125531],{"class":116},[61,125702,125703],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125704,125705],{"class":116},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125707,125708],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[52,125710,125712],{"className":54,"code":125711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125713,125714,125731,125744,125748,125758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125715,125716,125718,125720,125722,125724,125726,125729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125717,125459],{"class":67},[61,125719,72],{"class":71},[61,125721,3343],{"class":310},[61,125723,125564],{"class":314},[61,125725,125567],{"class":34483},[61,125727,125728],{"class":314},"s good",[61,125730,29727],{"class":310},[61,125732,125733,125735,125737,125739,125742],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125734,125473],{"class":67},[61,125736,72],{"class":71},[61,125738,311],{"class":310},[61,125740,125741],{"class":314},"It's good",[61,125743,318],{"class":310},[61,125745,125746],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125747,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,125749,125750,125752,125754,125756],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,125751,90],{"class":89},[61,125753,94],{"class":93},[61,125755,125495],{"class":102},[61,125757,258],{"class":93},[61,125759,125760,125762,125764,125766],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,125761,90],{"class":89},[61,125763,94],{"class":93},[61,125765,125506],{"class":102},[61,125767,258],{"class":93},[260,125769,125771],{"id":125770},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125773,125774],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[52,125776,125778],{"className":54,"code":125777,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125779,125780,125792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125781,125782,125784,125786,125788,125790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125783,450],{"class":67},[61,125785,72],{"class":71},[61,125787,125135],{"class":310},[61,125789,457],{"class":314},[61,125791,43359],{"class":310},[61,125793,125794,125796,125798,125800],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125795,90],{"class":89},[61,125797,94],{"class":93},[61,125799,476],{"class":102},[61,125801,258],{"class":93},[20,125803,125804],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[52,125806,125808],{"className":54,"code":125807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125809,125810,125822],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125811,125812,125814,125816,125818,125820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125813,450],{"class":67},[61,125815,72],{"class":71},[61,125817,311],{"class":310},[61,125819,457],{"class":314},[61,125821,318],{"class":310},[61,125823,125824,125826,125828,125830],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125825,90],{"class":89},[61,125827,94],{"class":93},[61,125829,476],{"class":102},[61,125831,258],{"class":93},[260,125833,4618,125835,749,125837,125839],{"id":125834},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125836,1586],{},[15,125838,1638],{}," are the same type",[20,125841,125842],{},"They are different:",[52,125844,125846],{"className":54,"code":125845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125847,125848,125857,125870,125874,125888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125849,125850,125853,125855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125851,125852],{"class":67},"value1 ",[61,125854,72],{"class":71},[61,125856,124863],{"class":75},[61,125858,125859,125862,125864,125866,125868],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125860,125861],{"class":67},"value2 ",[61,125863,72],{"class":71},[61,125865,311],{"class":310},[61,125867,1586],{"class":314},[61,125869,318],{"class":310},[61,125871,125872],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125873,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,125875,125876,125878,125880,125882,125884,125886],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,125877,90],{"class":89},[61,125879,94],{"class":93},[61,125881,657],{"class":109},[61,125883,94],{"class":93},[61,125885,84596],{"class":102},[61,125887,342],{"class":93},[61,125889,125890,125892,125894,125896,125898,125901],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,125891,90],{"class":89},[61,125893,94],{"class":93},[61,125895,657],{"class":109},[61,125897,94],{"class":93},[61,125899,125900],{"class":102},"value2",[61,125902,342],{"class":93},[20,125904,345],{},[52,125906,125908],{"className":54,"code":125907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125909,125910,125924],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125911,125912,125914,125916,125918,125920,125922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125913,3337],{"class":71},[61,125915,3340],{"class":882},[61,125917,3343],{"class":310},[61,125919,189],{"class":314},[61,125921,3348],{"class":310},[61,125923,3351],{"class":71},[61,125925,125926,125928,125930,125932,125934,125936],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125927,3337],{"class":71},[61,125929,3340],{"class":882},[61,125931,3343],{"class":310},[61,125933,185],{"class":314},[61,125935,3348],{"class":310},[61,125937,3351],{"class":71},[260,125939,125941],{"id":125940},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125943,125944],{},"This causes a type error:",[52,125946,125948],{"className":54,"code":125947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125949,125950,125954,125959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125951,125952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125953,125531],{"class":116},[61,125955,125956],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125957,125958],{"class":116},"# age = 10\n",[61,125960,125961],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,125962,125963],{"class":116},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125965,125966,125967,1314],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125968,47696],{},[52,125970,125972],{"className":54,"code":125971,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125973,125974,125982,126004,126008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125975,125976,125978,125980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125977,21656],{"class":67},[61,125979,72],{"class":71},[61,125981,76],{"class":75},[61,125983,125984,125986,125988,125990,125992,125994,125996,125998,126000,126002],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,125985,89833],{"class":67},[61,125987,72],{"class":71},[61,125989,311],{"class":310},[61,125991,89251],{"class":314},[61,125993,1010],{"class":310},[61,125995,2502],{"class":71},[61,125997,135],{"class":109},[61,125999,94],{"class":93},[61,126001,9331],{"class":102},[61,126003,258],{"class":93},[61,126005,126006],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,126007,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,126009,126010,126012,126014,126016],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,126011,90],{"class":89},[61,126013,94],{"class":93},[61,126015,89850],{"class":102},[61,126017,258],{"class":93},[20,126019,126020,126021,229],{},"For this specific error, see ",[221,126022,90232],{"href":90231},[260,126024,60535],{"id":60534},[20,126026,126027],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[52,126029,126031],{"className":54,"code":126030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126032,126033,126045,126049,126059,126073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126034,126035,126037,126039,126041,126043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126036,450],{"class":67},[61,126038,72],{"class":71},[61,126040,311],{"class":310},[61,126042,457],{"class":314},[61,126044,318],{"class":310},[61,126046,126047],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126048,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,126050,126051,126053,126055,126057],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,126052,90],{"class":89},[61,126054,94],{"class":93},[61,126056,476],{"class":102},[61,126058,258],{"class":93},[61,126060,126061,126063,126065,126067,126069,126071],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,126062,90],{"class":89},[61,126064,94],{"class":93},[61,126066,657],{"class":109},[61,126068,94],{"class":93},[61,126070,476],{"class":102},[61,126072,342],{"class":93},[61,126074,126075,126077,126079,126081,126083,126085],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,126076,90],{"class":89},[61,126078,94],{"class":93},[61,126080,1804],{"class":89},[61,126082,94],{"class":93},[61,126084,476],{"class":102},[61,126086,342],{"class":93},[164,126088,126089,126094,126099],{},[167,126090,126091,46293],{},[15,126092,126093],{},"print(text)",[167,126095,126096,46298],{},[15,126097,126098],{},"print(type(text))",[167,126100,126101,126104],{},[15,126102,126103],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[47,126106,1879],{"id":1878},[260,126108,126110],{"id":126109},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126112,126113,126114,31,126117,229],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126115,126116],{},"'hello'",[15,126118,64360],{},[260,126120,126122],{"id":126121},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126124,126125],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[260,126127,126129],{"id":126128},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126131,143,126132,31,126134,229],{},[15,126133,6311],{},[15,126135,3815],{},[260,126137,126139],{"id":126138},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126141,143,126142,126144,126145,126147,126148,229],{},[15,126143,47696],{},", like ",[15,126146,80206],{},", which returns ",[15,126149,42149],{},[260,126151,126153],{"id":126152},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126155,126156],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[47,126158,1938],{"id":1937},[164,126160,126161,126165,126171,126176,126185,126189],{},[167,126162,126163],{},[221,126164,124936],{"href":50797},[167,126166,126167],{},[221,126168,13,126169,1947],{"href":42198},[15,126170,47696],{},[167,126172,126173],{},[221,126174,126175],{"href":123106},"How to convert int to string in Python",[167,126177,126178],{},[221,126179,126181,126182,10770],{"href":126180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126183,126184],{},"format()",[167,126186,126187],{},[221,126188,125622],{"href":125621},[167,126190,126191],{},[221,126192,90232],{"href":90231},[1969,126194,126195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":126197},[126198,126199,126200,126201,126202,126203,126204,126205,126206,126215,126222],{"id":15189,"depth":79,"text":15190},{"id":124775,"depth":79,"text":124776},{"id":124939,"depth":79,"text":124940},{"id":125014,"depth":79,"text":125015},{"id":125114,"depth":79,"text":125115},{"id":125219,"depth":79,"text":125220},{"id":125397,"depth":79,"text":125398},{"id":125514,"depth":79,"text":125515},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":126207},[126208,126209,126210,126211,126213,126214],{"id":90039,"depth":86,"text":90040},{"id":125687,"depth":86,"text":125688},{"id":125770,"depth":86,"text":125771},{"id":125834,"depth":86,"text":126212},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125940,"depth":86,"text":125941},{"id":60534,"depth":86,"text":60535},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":126216},[126217,126218,126219,126220,126221],{"id":126109,"depth":86,"text":126110},{"id":126121,"depth":86,"text":126122},{"id":126128,"depth":86,"text":126129},{"id":126138,"depth":86,"text":126139},{"id":126152,"depth":86,"text":126153},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124637,"description":126223},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126230,"title":126231,"body":126232,"description":128146,"extension":2017,"meta":128147,"navigation":82,"path":128148,"seo":128149,"stem":128150,"__hash__":128151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126233,"toc":128107},[126234,126240,126245,126253,126255,126322,126324,126336,126345,126350,126354,126371,126373,126438,126440,126452,126457,126459,126487,126508,126511,126550,126552,126560,126564,126568,126572,126580,126583,126624,126626,126634,126637,126694,126696,126704,126708,126713,126757,126759,126767,126776,126780,126785,126833,126835,126843,126849,126851,126855,126867,126872,126951,126953,126973,126977,126981,127021,127023,127031,127035,127078,127080,127088,127092,127132,127134,127142,127146,127202,127204,127212,127218,127220,127224,127234,127301,127303,127316,127323,127366,127368,127376,127380,127383,127439,127441,127449,127452,127454,127531,127533,127541,127550,127552,127556,127560,127562,127584,127587,127634,127638,127677,127679,127687,127689,127731,127738,127743,127805,127807,127819,127825,127830,127879,127881,127900,127906,127908,127927,127929,128020,128022,128028,128035,128041,128047,128052,128061,128068,128076,128078,128104],[10,126235,123181,126237,11352],{"id":126236},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126238,126239],{},"endswith()",[20,126241,123186,126242,126244],{},[15,126243,126239],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126246,126247,126248,31,126250,126252],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126249,30],{},[15,126251,34],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[47,126254,2059],{"id":2058},[52,126256,126258],{"className":54,"code":126257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126259,126260,126274,126299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126261,126262,126265,126267,126269,126272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126263,126264],{"class":67},"filename ",[61,126266,72],{"class":71},[61,126268,311],{"class":310},[61,126270,126271],{"class":314},"report.csv",[61,126273,318],{"class":310},[61,126275,126276,126278,126280,126283,126285,126288,126290,126292,126295,126297],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126277,90],{"class":89},[61,126279,94],{"class":93},[61,126281,126282],{"class":102},"filename",[61,126284,229],{"class":93},[61,126286,126287],{"class":102},"endswith",[61,126289,94],{"class":93},[61,126291,1010],{"class":310},[61,126293,126294],{"class":314},".csv",[61,126296,1010],{"class":310},[61,126298,342],{"class":93},[61,126300,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315,126318,126320],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,126302,90],{"class":89},[61,126304,94],{"class":93},[61,126306,126282],{"class":102},[61,126308,229],{"class":93},[61,126310,126287],{"class":102},[61,126312,94],{"class":93},[61,126314,1010],{"class":310},[61,126316,126317],{"class":314},".txt",[61,126319,1010],{"class":310},[61,126321,342],{"class":93},[20,126323,345],{},[52,126325,126326],{"className":54,"code":425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126327,126328,126332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126329,126330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126331,348],{"class":355},[61,126333,126334],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126335,436],{"class":355},[20,126337,143,126338,5406,126340,31,126342,126344],{},[15,126339,126239],{},[15,126341,30],{},[15,126343,34],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[47,126346,151,126348,154],{"id":126347},"what-endswith-does",[15,126349,126239],{},[20,126351,126352,1314],{},[15,126353,126239],{},[164,126355,126356,126359,126365,126368],{},[167,126357,126358],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[167,126360,172,126361,31,126363],{},[15,126362,30],{},[15,126364,34],{},[167,126366,126367],{},"Does not change the original string",[167,126369,126370],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126372,295],{},[52,126374,126376],{"className":54,"code":126375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126377,126378,126390,126394,126416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126379,126380,126382,126384,126386,126388],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126381,450],{"class":67},[61,126383,72],{"class":71},[61,126385,311],{"class":310},[61,126387,60231],{"class":314},[61,126389,318],{"class":310},[61,126391,126392],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126393,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,126395,126396,126398,126400,126402,126404,126406,126408,126410,126412,126414],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,126397,90],{"class":89},[61,126399,94],{"class":93},[61,126401,476],{"class":102},[61,126403,229],{"class":93},[61,126405,126287],{"class":102},[61,126407,94],{"class":93},[61,126409,1010],{"class":310},[61,126411,60416],{"class":314},[61,126413,1010],{"class":310},[61,126415,342],{"class":93},[61,126417,126418,126420,126422,126424,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434,126436],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,126419,90],{"class":89},[61,126421,94],{"class":93},[61,126423,476],{"class":102},[61,126425,229],{"class":93},[61,126427,126287],{"class":102},[61,126429,94],{"class":93},[61,126431,1010],{"class":310},[61,126433,457],{"class":314},[61,126435,1010],{"class":310},[61,126437,342],{"class":93},[20,126439,345],{},[52,126441,126442],{"className":54,"code":425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126443,126444,126448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126445,126446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126447,348],{"class":355},[61,126449,126450],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126451,436],{"class":355},[20,126453,126454,126455,229],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[221,126456,124936],{"href":50797},[47,126458,233],{"id":232},[52,126460,126462],{"className":54,"code":126461,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126463,126464],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126465,126466,126468,126470,126472,126474,126477,126479,126481,126483,126485],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126467,60999],{"class":67},[61,126469,229],{"class":93},[61,126471,126287],{"class":102},[61,126473,94],{"class":93},[61,126475,126476],{"class":102},"suffix",[61,126478,106],{"class":93},[61,126480,36078],{"class":102},[61,126482,106],{"class":93},[61,126484,64866],{"class":102},[61,126486,258],{"class":93},[164,126488,126489,126494,126501],{},[167,126490,126491,126493],{},[15,126492,126476],{}," is required",[167,126495,126496,749,126498,126500],{},[15,126497,36099],{},[15,126499,52483],{}," are optional",[167,126502,126503,749,126505,126507],{},[15,126504,36099],{},[15,126506,52483],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126509,126510],{},"Basic example:",[52,126512,126514],{"className":54,"code":126513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126515,126516,126528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126517,126518,126520,126522,126524,126526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126519,126264],{"class":67},[61,126521,72],{"class":71},[61,126523,311],{"class":310},[61,126525,86721],{"class":314},[61,126527,318],{"class":310},[61,126529,126530,126532,126534,126536,126538,126540,126542,126544,126546,126548],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126531,90],{"class":89},[61,126533,94],{"class":93},[61,126535,126282],{"class":102},[61,126537,229],{"class":93},[61,126539,126287],{"class":102},[61,126541,94],{"class":93},[61,126543,1010],{"class":310},[61,126545,126317],{"class":314},[61,126547,1010],{"class":310},[61,126549,342],{"class":93},[20,126551,345],{},[52,126553,126554],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126555,126556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126557,126558],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126559,348],{"class":355},[47,126561,126563],{"id":126562},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[260,126565,126566],{"id":126476},[15,126567,126476],{},[20,126569,126570,30778],{},[15,126571,126476],{},[164,126573,126574,126577],{},[167,126575,126576],{},"A single string",[167,126578,126579],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126581,126582],{},"Single suffix:",[52,126584,126586],{"className":54,"code":126585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126587,126588,126601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126589,126590,126592,126594,126596,126599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126591,305],{"class":67},[61,126593,72],{"class":71},[61,126595,311],{"class":310},[61,126597,126598],{"class":314},"image.png",[61,126600,318],{"class":310},[61,126602,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617,126620,126622],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126604,90],{"class":89},[61,126606,94],{"class":93},[61,126608,335],{"class":102},[61,126610,229],{"class":93},[61,126612,126287],{"class":102},[61,126614,94],{"class":93},[61,126616,1010],{"class":310},[61,126618,126619],{"class":314},".png",[61,126621,1010],{"class":310},[61,126623,342],{"class":93},[20,126625,345],{},[52,126627,126628],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126629,126630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126631,126632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126633,348],{"class":355},[20,126635,126636],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[52,126638,126640],{"className":54,"code":126639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126641,126642,126654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126643,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126645,305],{"class":67},[61,126647,72],{"class":71},[61,126649,311],{"class":310},[61,126651,126598],{"class":314},[61,126653,318],{"class":310},[61,126655,126656,126658,126660,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126690,126692],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126657,90],{"class":89},[61,126659,94],{"class":93},[61,126661,335],{"class":102},[61,126663,229],{"class":93},[61,126665,126287],{"class":102},[61,126667,5548],{"class":93},[61,126669,1010],{"class":310},[61,126671,126672],{"class":314},".jpg",[61,126674,1010],{"class":310},[61,126676,106],{"class":93},[61,126678,311],{"class":310},[61,126680,126619],{"class":314},[61,126682,1010],{"class":310},[61,126684,106],{"class":93},[61,126686,311],{"class":310},[61,126688,126689],{"class":314},".gif",[61,126691,1010],{"class":310},[61,126693,582],{"class":93},[20,126695,345],{},[52,126697,126698],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126699,126700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126701,126702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126703,348],{"class":355},[260,126705,126706],{"id":36099},[15,126707,36099],{},[20,126709,126710,126712],{},[15,126711,36099],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[52,126714,126716],{"className":54,"code":126715,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126717,126718,126731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126719,126720,126722,126724,126726,126729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126721,450],{"class":67},[61,126723,72],{"class":71},[61,126725,311],{"class":310},[61,126727,126728],{"class":314},"my_report.csv",[61,126730,318],{"class":310},[61,126732,126733,126735,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753,126755],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126734,90],{"class":89},[61,126736,94],{"class":93},[61,126738,476],{"class":102},[61,126740,229],{"class":93},[61,126742,126287],{"class":102},[61,126744,94],{"class":93},[61,126746,1010],{"class":310},[61,126748,126294],{"class":314},[61,126750,1010],{"class":310},[61,126752,106],{"class":93},[61,126754,1020],{"class":75},[61,126756,342],{"class":93},[20,126758,345],{},[52,126760,126761],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126762,126763],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126764,126765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126766,348],{"class":355},[20,126768,126769,126770,126772,126773,229],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126771,1046],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126774,126775],{},"\"report.csv\"",[260,126777,126778],{"id":52483},[15,126779,52483],{},[20,126781,126782,126784],{},[15,126783,52483],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[52,126786,126788],{"className":54,"code":126787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126789,126790,126803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126791,126792,126794,126796,126798,126801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126793,450],{"class":67},[61,126795,72],{"class":71},[61,126797,311],{"class":310},[61,126799,126800],{"class":314},"report.csv backup",[61,126802,318],{"class":310},[61,126804,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819,126821,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126806,90],{"class":89},[61,126808,94],{"class":93},[61,126810,476],{"class":102},[61,126812,229],{"class":93},[61,126814,126287],{"class":102},[61,126816,94],{"class":93},[61,126818,1010],{"class":310},[61,126820,126294],{"class":314},[61,126822,1010],{"class":310},[61,126824,106],{"class":93},[61,126826,3876],{"class":75},[61,126828,106],{"class":93},[61,126830,6043],{"class":75},[61,126832,342],{"class":93},[20,126834,345],{},[52,126836,126837],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,126838,126839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126840,126841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126842,348],{"class":355},[20,126844,126845,126846,126848],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126847,126775],{}," and ignores the rest.",[47,126850,17445],{"id":17444},[20,126852,126853,25537],{},[15,126854,126239],{},[164,126856,126857,126862],{},[167,126858,126859,126861],{},[15,126860,30],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[167,126863,126864,126866],{},[15,126865,34],{}," if it does not",[20,126868,126869,126870,7206],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126871,1124],{},[52,126873,126875],{"className":54,"code":126874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126876,126877,126890,126894,126915,126930,126936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126878,126879,126881,126883,126885,126888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126880,126264],{"class":67},[61,126882,72],{"class":71},[61,126884,311],{"class":310},[61,126886,126887],{"class":314},"data.csv",[61,126889,318],{"class":310},[61,126891,126892],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,126893,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,126895,126896,126898,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909,126911,126913],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,126897,1124],{"class":672},[61,126899,126900],{"class":67}," filename",[61,126902,229],{"class":93},[61,126904,126287],{"class":102},[61,126906,94],{"class":93},[61,126908,1010],{"class":310},[61,126910,126294],{"class":314},[61,126912,1010],{"class":310},[61,126914,900],{"class":93},[61,126916,126917,126919,126921,126923,126926,126928],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,126918,1141],{"class":89},[61,126920,94],{"class":93},[61,126922,1010],{"class":310},[61,126924,126925],{"class":314},"This is a CSV file.",[61,126927,1010],{"class":310},[61,126929,258],{"class":93},[61,126931,126932,126934],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,126933,27460],{"class":672},[61,126935,6433],{"class":93},[61,126937,126938,126940,126942,126944,126947,126949],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,126939,1141],{"class":89},[61,126941,94],{"class":93},[61,126943,1010],{"class":310},[61,126945,126946],{"class":314},"This is not a CSV file.",[61,126948,1010],{"class":310},[61,126950,258],{"class":93},[20,126952,345],{},[52,126954,126956],{"className":54,"code":126955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126957,126958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126959,126960,126962,126964,126966,126969,126971],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126961,1196],{"class":67},[61,126963,1199],{"class":71},[61,126965,1202],{"class":67},[61,126967,126968],{"class":34483},"CSV",[61,126970,86462],{"class":86461},[61,126972,122213],{"class":93},[47,126974,126976],{"id":126975},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[260,126978,126980],{"id":126979},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[52,126982,126984],{"className":54,"code":126983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126985,126986,126999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126987,126988,126990,126992,126994,126997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126989,126264],{"class":67},[61,126991,72],{"class":71},[61,126993,311],{"class":310},[61,126995,126996],{"class":314},"sales.csv",[61,126998,318],{"class":310},[61,127000,127001,127003,127005,127007,127009,127011,127013,127015,127017,127019],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127002,90],{"class":89},[61,127004,94],{"class":93},[61,127006,126282],{"class":102},[61,127008,229],{"class":93},[61,127010,126287],{"class":102},[61,127012,94],{"class":93},[61,127014,1010],{"class":310},[61,127016,126294],{"class":314},[61,127018,1010],{"class":310},[61,127020,342],{"class":93},[20,127022,345],{},[52,127024,127025],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127026,127027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127028,127029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127030,348],{"class":355},[260,127032,127034],{"id":127033},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[52,127036,127038],{"className":54,"code":127037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127039,127040,127054],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127041,127042,127045,127047,127049,127052],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127043,127044],{"class":67},"url ",[61,127046,72],{"class":71},[61,127048,311],{"class":310},[61,127050,127051],{"class":314},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[61,127053,318],{"class":310},[61,127055,127056,127058,127060,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071,127074,127076],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127057,90],{"class":89},[61,127059,94],{"class":93},[61,127061,127062],{"class":102},"url",[61,127064,229],{"class":93},[61,127066,126287],{"class":102},[61,127068,94],{"class":93},[61,127070,1010],{"class":310},[61,127072,127073],{"class":314},"\u002F",[61,127075,1010],{"class":310},[61,127077,342],{"class":93},[20,127079,345],{},[52,127081,127082],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127083,127084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127085,127086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127087,348],{"class":355},[260,127089,127091],{"id":127090},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[52,127093,127095],{"className":54,"code":127094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127096,127097,127110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127098,127099,127101,127103,127105,127108],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127100,89833],{"class":67},[61,127102,72],{"class":71},[61,127104,311],{"class":310},[61,127106,127107],{"class":314},"Hello!",[61,127109,318],{"class":310},[61,127111,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122,127124,127126,127128,127130],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127113,90],{"class":89},[61,127115,94],{"class":93},[61,127117,89850],{"class":102},[61,127119,229],{"class":93},[61,127121,126287],{"class":102},[61,127123,94],{"class":93},[61,127125,1010],{"class":310},[61,127127,89674],{"class":314},[61,127129,1010],{"class":310},[61,127131,342],{"class":93},[20,127133,345],{},[52,127135,127136],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127137,127138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127139,127140],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127141,348],{"class":355},[260,127143,127145],{"id":127144},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[52,127147,127149],{"className":54,"code":127148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127150,127151,127164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127152,127153,127155,127157,127159,127162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127154,126264],{"class":67},[61,127156,72],{"class":71},[61,127158,311],{"class":310},[61,127160,127161],{"class":314},"photo.jpg",[61,127163,318],{"class":310},[61,127165,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127167,90],{"class":89},[61,127169,94],{"class":93},[61,127171,126282],{"class":102},[61,127173,229],{"class":93},[61,127175,126287],{"class":102},[61,127177,5548],{"class":93},[61,127179,1010],{"class":310},[61,127181,126672],{"class":314},[61,127183,1010],{"class":310},[61,127185,106],{"class":93},[61,127187,311],{"class":310},[61,127189,126619],{"class":314},[61,127191,1010],{"class":310},[61,127193,106],{"class":93},[61,127195,311],{"class":310},[61,127197,126689],{"class":314},[61,127199,1010],{"class":310},[61,127201,582],{"class":93},[20,127203,345],{},[52,127205,127206],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127207,127208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127209,127210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127211,348],{"class":355},[20,127213,127214,127215,229],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[221,127216,127217],{"href":123436},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[47,127219,123828],{"id":123827},[20,127221,127222,123639],{},[15,127223,126239],{},[20,127225,127226,127227,749,127230,127233],{},"That means ",[15,127228,127229],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127231,127232],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[52,127235,127237],{"className":54,"code":127236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127238,127239,127252,127256,127278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127240,127241,127243,127245,127247,127250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127242,126264],{"class":67},[61,127244,72],{"class":71},[61,127246,311],{"class":310},[61,127248,127249],{"class":314},"REPORT.CSV",[61,127251,318],{"class":310},[61,127253,127254],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127255,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,127257,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,127259,90],{"class":89},[61,127261,94],{"class":93},[61,127263,126282],{"class":102},[61,127265,229],{"class":93},[61,127267,126287],{"class":102},[61,127269,94],{"class":93},[61,127271,1010],{"class":310},[61,127273,126294],{"class":314},[61,127275,1010],{"class":310},[61,127277,342],{"class":93},[61,127279,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127297,127299],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,127281,90],{"class":89},[61,127283,94],{"class":93},[61,127285,126282],{"class":102},[61,127287,229],{"class":93},[61,127289,126287],{"class":102},[61,127291,94],{"class":93},[61,127293,1010],{"class":310},[61,127295,127296],{"class":314},".CSV",[61,127298,1010],{"class":310},[61,127300,342],{"class":93},[20,127302,345],{},[52,127304,127306],{"className":54,"code":127305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127307,127308,127312],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127309,127310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127311,436],{"class":355},[61,127313,127314],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127315,348],{"class":355},[20,127317,127318,127319,229],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[221,127320,127321],{"href":123908},[15,127322,123911],{},[52,127324,127326],{"className":54,"code":127325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127327,127328,127340],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127329,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127331,126264],{"class":67},[61,127333,72],{"class":71},[61,127335,311],{"class":310},[61,127337,127249],{"class":314},[61,127339,318],{"class":310},[61,127341,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127343,90],{"class":89},[61,127345,94],{"class":93},[61,127347,126282],{"class":102},[61,127349,229],{"class":93},[61,127351,8673],{"class":102},[61,127353,8670],{"class":93},[61,127355,126287],{"class":102},[61,127357,94],{"class":93},[61,127359,1010],{"class":310},[61,127361,126294],{"class":314},[61,127363,1010],{"class":310},[61,127365,342],{"class":93},[20,127367,345],{},[52,127369,127370],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127371,127372],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127373,127374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127375,348],{"class":355},[47,127377,127379],{"id":127378},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127381,127382],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[52,127384,127386],{"className":54,"code":127385,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127387,127388,127401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127389,127390,127392,127394,127396,127399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127391,126264],{"class":67},[61,127393,72],{"class":71},[61,127395,311],{"class":310},[61,127397,127398],{"class":314},"picture.gif",[61,127400,318],{"class":310},[61,127402,127403,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127404,90],{"class":89},[61,127406,94],{"class":93},[61,127408,126282],{"class":102},[61,127410,229],{"class":93},[61,127412,126287],{"class":102},[61,127414,5548],{"class":93},[61,127416,1010],{"class":310},[61,127418,126672],{"class":314},[61,127420,1010],{"class":310},[61,127422,106],{"class":93},[61,127424,311],{"class":310},[61,127426,126619],{"class":314},[61,127428,1010],{"class":310},[61,127430,106],{"class":93},[61,127432,311],{"class":310},[61,127434,126689],{"class":314},[61,127436,1010],{"class":310},[61,127438,582],{"class":93},[20,127440,345],{},[52,127442,127443],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127444,127445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127446,127447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127448,348],{"class":355},[20,127450,127451],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127453,51902],{},[52,127455,127457],{"className":54,"code":127456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127458,127459,127472,127507,127511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127460,127461,127464,127466,127468,127470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127462,127463],{"class":67},"document ",[61,127465,72],{"class":71},[61,127467,311],{"class":310},[61,127469,86721],{"class":314},[61,127471,318],{"class":310},[61,127473,127474,127477,127479,127481,127483,127485,127487,127489,127491,127494,127496,127498,127500,127503,127505],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127475,127476],{"class":67},"allowed ",[61,127478,72],{"class":71},[61,127480,572],{"class":93},[61,127482,1010],{"class":310},[61,127484,126317],{"class":314},[61,127486,1010],{"class":310},[61,127488,106],{"class":93},[61,127490,311],{"class":310},[61,127492,127493],{"class":314},".md",[61,127495,1010],{"class":310},[61,127497,106],{"class":93},[61,127499,311],{"class":310},[61,127501,127502],{"class":314},".docx",[61,127504,1010],{"class":310},[61,127506,258],{"class":93},[61,127508,127509],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,127510,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,127512,127513,127515,127517,127520,127522,127524,127526,127529],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,127514,90],{"class":89},[61,127516,94],{"class":93},[61,127518,127519],{"class":102},"document",[61,127521,229],{"class":93},[61,127523,126287],{"class":102},[61,127525,94],{"class":93},[61,127527,127528],{"class":102},"allowed",[61,127530,342],{"class":93},[20,127532,345],{},[52,127534,127535],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127536,127537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127538,127539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127540,348],{"class":355},[20,127542,127543,127544,229],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[221,127545,126181,127547,10770],{"href":127546},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127548,127549],{},"startswith()",[47,127551,2878],{"id":2877},[20,127553,8479,127554,229],{},[15,127555,126239],{},[260,127557,127559],{"id":127558},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127561,4564],{},[52,127563,127565],{"className":54,"code":127564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127566,127567,127579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127568,127569,127571,127573,127575,127577],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127570,126264],{"class":67},[61,127572,72],{"class":71},[61,127574,311],{"class":310},[61,127576,127161],{"class":314},[61,127578,318],{"class":310},[61,127580,127581],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127582,127583],{"class":116},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127585,127586],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[52,127588,127590],{"className":54,"code":127589,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127591,127592,127604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127593,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127595,126264],{"class":67},[61,127597,72],{"class":71},[61,127599,311],{"class":310},[61,127601,127161],{"class":314},[61,127603,318],{"class":310},[61,127605,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127607,90],{"class":89},[61,127609,94],{"class":93},[61,127611,126282],{"class":102},[61,127613,229],{"class":93},[61,127615,126287],{"class":102},[61,127617,5548],{"class":93},[61,127619,1010],{"class":310},[61,127621,126672],{"class":314},[61,127623,1010],{"class":310},[61,127625,106],{"class":93},[61,127627,311],{"class":310},[61,127629,126619],{"class":314},[61,127631,1010],{"class":310},[61,127633,582],{"class":93},[260,127635,127637],{"id":127636},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[52,127639,127641],{"className":54,"code":127640,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127642,127643,127655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127644,127645,127647,127649,127651,127653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127646,126264],{"class":67},[61,127648,72],{"class":71},[61,127650,311],{"class":310},[61,127652,127249],{"class":314},[61,127654,318],{"class":310},[61,127656,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127658,90],{"class":89},[61,127660,94],{"class":93},[61,127662,126282],{"class":102},[61,127664,229],{"class":93},[61,127666,126287],{"class":102},[61,127668,94],{"class":93},[61,127670,1010],{"class":310},[61,127672,126294],{"class":314},[61,127674,1010],{"class":310},[61,127676,342],{"class":93},[20,127678,345],{},[52,127680,127681],{"className":54,"code":436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127682,127683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127684,127685],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127686,436],{"class":355},[20,127688,39290],{},[52,127690,127691],{"className":54,"code":127325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127692,127693,127705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127694,127695,127697,127699,127701,127703],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127696,126264],{"class":67},[61,127698,72],{"class":71},[61,127700,311],{"class":310},[61,127702,127249],{"class":314},[61,127704,318],{"class":310},[61,127706,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127708,90],{"class":89},[61,127710,94],{"class":93},[61,127712,126282],{"class":102},[61,127714,229],{"class":93},[61,127716,8673],{"class":102},[61,127718,8670],{"class":93},[61,127720,126287],{"class":102},[61,127722,94],{"class":93},[61,127724,1010],{"class":310},[61,127726,126294],{"class":314},[61,127728,1010],{"class":310},[61,127730,342],{"class":93},[260,127732,37232,127734,8738,127736],{"id":127733},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127735,126239],{},[15,127737,3924],{},[20,127739,127740,127742],{},[15,127741,126239],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[52,127744,127746],{"className":54,"code":127745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127747,127748,127761,127765,127787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127749,127750,127752,127754,127756,127759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127751,450],{"class":67},[61,127753,72],{"class":71},[61,127755,311],{"class":310},[61,127757,127758],{"class":314},"my_report.csv.backup",[61,127760,318],{"class":310},[61,127762,127763],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127764,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,127766,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,127768,90],{"class":89},[61,127770,94],{"class":93},[61,127772,476],{"class":102},[61,127774,229],{"class":93},[61,127776,126287],{"class":102},[61,127778,94],{"class":93},[61,127780,1010],{"class":310},[61,127782,126294],{"class":314},[61,127784,1010],{"class":310},[61,127786,342],{"class":93},[61,127788,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,127790,90],{"class":89},[61,127792,94],{"class":93},[61,127794,1010],{"class":310},[61,127796,126294],{"class":314},[61,127798,1010],{"class":310},[61,127800,21201],{"class":672},[61,127802,42864],{"class":102},[61,127804,258],{"class":93},[20,127806,345],{},[52,127808,127809],{"className":54,"code":127305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,127810,127811,127815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127812,127813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127814,436],{"class":355},[61,127816,127817],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127818,348],{"class":355},[260,127820,8485,127822,127824],{"id":127821},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127823,126239],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127826,127827,127829],{},[15,127828,126239],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[52,127831,127833],{"className":54,"code":127832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127834,127835,127847,127869],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127836,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127838,126264],{"class":67},[61,127840,72],{"class":71},[61,127842,311],{"class":310},[61,127844,126271],{"class":314},[61,127846,318],{"class":310},[61,127848,127849,127851,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127850,90],{"class":89},[61,127852,94],{"class":93},[61,127854,126282],{"class":102},[61,127856,229],{"class":93},[61,127858,126287],{"class":102},[61,127860,94],{"class":93},[61,127862,1010],{"class":310},[61,127864,126294],{"class":314},[61,127866,1010],{"class":310},[61,127868,342],{"class":93},[61,127870,127871,127873,127875,127877],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,127872,90],{"class":89},[61,127874,94],{"class":93},[61,127876,126282],{"class":102},[61,127878,258],{"class":93},[20,127880,345],{},[52,127882,127884],{"className":54,"code":127883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127885,127886,127890],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127887,127888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127889,348],{"class":355},[61,127891,127892,127895,127897],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127893,127894],{"class":67},"report",[61,127896,229],{"class":93},[61,127898,127899],{"class":24778},"csv\n",[20,127901,127902,127903,229],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[221,127904,127905],{"href":124349},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127907,65889],{},[164,127909,127910,127913,127916,127919],{},[167,127911,127912],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[167,127914,127915],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[167,127917,127918],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[167,127920,8449,127921,44649,127923,31,127925,111378],{},[15,127922,126239],{},[15,127924,124352],{},[15,127926,41678],{},[20,127928,30163],{},[52,127930,127932],{"className":54,"code":127931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127933,127934,127944,127958,127980,128006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127935,127936,127938,127940,127942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127937,90],{"class":89},[61,127939,94],{"class":93},[61,127941,476],{"class":102},[61,127943,258],{"class":93},[61,127945,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,127947,90],{"class":89},[61,127949,94],{"class":93},[61,127951,1804],{"class":89},[61,127953,94],{"class":93},[61,127955,476],{"class":102},[61,127957,342],{"class":93},[61,127959,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,127961,90],{"class":89},[61,127963,94],{"class":93},[61,127965,476],{"class":102},[61,127967,229],{"class":93},[61,127969,126287],{"class":102},[61,127971,94],{"class":93},[61,127973,3348],{"class":310},[61,127975,126294],{"class":314},[61,127977,3348],{"class":310},[61,127979,342],{"class":93},[61,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,127983,90],{"class":89},[61,127985,94],{"class":93},[61,127987,476],{"class":102},[61,127989,229],{"class":93},[61,127991,8673],{"class":102},[61,127993,8670],{"class":93},[61,127995,126287],{"class":102},[61,127997,94],{"class":93},[61,127999,3348],{"class":310},[61,128001,126294],{"class":314},[61,128003,3348],{"class":310},[61,128005,342],{"class":93},[61,128007,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,128009,90],{"class":89},[61,128011,94],{"class":93},[61,128013,657],{"class":109},[61,128015,94],{"class":93},[61,128017,476],{"class":102},[61,128019,342],{"class":93},[47,128021,1879],{"id":1878},[260,128023,1928,128025,128027],{"id":128024},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128026,126239],{}," change the string?",[20,128029,128030,128031,31,128033,229],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128032,30],{},[15,128034,34],{},[260,128036,1898,128038,128040],{"id":128037},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128039,126239],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128042,128043,128044,229],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128045,128046],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[260,128048,14930,128050,124517],{"id":128049},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128051,126239],{},[20,128053,128054,128055,31,128057,128060],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128056,123911],{},[15,128058,128059],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[260,128062,1911,128064,749,128066,1916],{"id":128063},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128065,126239],{},[15,128067,124176],{},[20,128069,128070,128072,128073,128075],{},[15,128071,126239],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128074,124176],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[47,128077,1938],{"id":1937},[164,128079,128080,128086,128092,128096,128100],{},[167,128081,128082],{},[221,128083,126181,128084,10770],{"href":127546},[15,128085,127549],{},[167,128087,128088],{},[221,128089,126181,128090,10770],{"href":123908},[15,128091,123911],{},[167,128093,128094],{},[221,128095,124580],{"href":123436},[167,128097,128098],{},[221,128099,124587],{"href":124349},[167,128101,128102],{},[221,128103,124936],{"href":50797},[1969,128105,128106],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":128108},[128109,128110,128112,128113,128118,128119,128125,128126,128127,128135,128145],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":126347,"depth":79,"text":128111},"What endswith() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":126562,"depth":79,"text":126563,"children":128114},[128115,128116,128117],{"id":126476,"depth":86,"text":126476},{"id":36099,"depth":86,"text":36099},{"id":52483,"depth":86,"text":52483},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":126975,"depth":79,"text":126976,"children":128120},[128121,128122,128123,128124],{"id":126979,"depth":86,"text":126980},{"id":127033,"depth":86,"text":127034},{"id":127090,"depth":86,"text":127091},{"id":127144,"depth":86,"text":127145},{"id":123827,"depth":79,"text":123828},{"id":127378,"depth":79,"text":127379},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":128128},[128129,128130,128131,128133],{"id":127558,"depth":86,"text":127559},{"id":127636,"depth":86,"text":127637},{"id":127733,"depth":86,"text":128132},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127821,"depth":86,"text":128134},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":128136},[128137,128139,128141,128143],{"id":128024,"depth":86,"text":128138},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128037,"depth":86,"text":128140},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128049,"depth":86,"text":128142},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128063,"depth":86,"text":128144},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126231,"description":128146},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128153,"title":128154,"body":128155,"description":129823,"extension":2017,"meta":129824,"navigation":82,"path":129825,"seo":129826,"stem":129827,"__hash__":129828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128156,"toc":129796},[128157,128162,128167,128172,128177,128270,128280,128285,128290,128305,128307,128389,128397,128399,128401,128428,128430,128446,128453,128455,128563,128565,128570,128586,128588,128683,128691,128694,128700,128705,128710,128717,128856,128859,128872,128874,128878,128885,128955,128958,129007,129014,129021,129035,129040,129045,129091,129137,129153,129155,129160,129174,129177,129299,129304,129306,129311,129344,129347,129423,129425,129434,129448,129451,129535,129538,129649,129652,129680,129682,129689,129693,129699,129702,129708,129711,129718,129729,129735,129742,129744,129793],[10,128158,123181,128160,11352],{"id":128159},"python-string-find-method",[15,128161,124176],{},[20,128163,123186,128164,128166],{},[15,128165,124176],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128168,128169,128170,229],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128171,65680],{},[20,128173,143,128174,128176],{},[15,128175,124176],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[52,128178,128180],{"className":54,"code":128179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128181,128182,128194,128217,128230,128234,128257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128183,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128185,450],{"class":67},[61,128187,72],{"class":71},[61,128189,311],{"class":310},[61,128191,60231],{"class":314},[61,128193,318],{"class":310},[61,128195,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,128197,64745],{"class":67},[61,128199,72],{"class":71},[61,128201,42864],{"class":67},[61,128203,229],{"class":93},[61,128205,128206],{"class":102},"find",[61,128208,94],{"class":93},[61,128210,1010],{"class":310},[61,128212,60416],{"class":314},[61,128214,1010],{"class":310},[61,128216,258],{"class":93},[61,128218,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,128220,90],{"class":89},[61,128222,94],{"class":93},[61,128224,64772],{"class":102},[61,128226,664],{"class":93},[61,128228,128229],{"class":116},"   # 6\n",[61,128231,128232],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,128233,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,128235,128236,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,128237,128238],{"class":67},"missing ",[61,128240,72],{"class":71},[61,128242,42864],{"class":67},[61,128244,229],{"class":93},[61,128246,128206],{"class":102},[61,128248,94],{"class":93},[61,128250,1010],{"class":310},[61,128252,56],{"class":314},[61,128254,1010],{"class":310},[61,128256,258],{"class":93},[61,128258,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,128260,90],{"class":89},[61,128262,94],{"class":93},[61,128264,26799],{"class":102},[61,128266,664],{"class":93},[61,128268,128269],{"class":116},"    # -1\n",[43603,128271,128272],{},[20,128273,143,128274,128276,128277,128279],{},[15,128275,124176],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128278,65680],{}," if the substring is not found.",[47,128281,151,128283,154],{"id":128282},"what-find-does",[15,128284,124176],{},[20,128286,128287,128289],{},[15,128288,124176],{}," is a string method that:",[164,128291,128292,128295,128298,128303],{},[167,128293,128294],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[167,128296,128297],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[167,128299,172,128300,128302],{},[15,128301,65680],{}," if no match is found",[167,128304,126367],{},[20,128306,295],{},[52,128308,128310],{"className":54,"code":128309,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128311,128312,128324,128328,128352,128376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128313,128314,128316,128318,128320,128322],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128315,450],{"class":67},[61,128317,72],{"class":71},[61,128319,311],{"class":310},[61,128321,4127],{"class":314},[61,128323,318],{"class":310},[61,128325,128326],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,128327,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,128329,128330,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,128331,90],{"class":89},[61,128333,94],{"class":93},[61,128335,476],{"class":102},[61,128337,229],{"class":93},[61,128339,128206],{"class":102},[61,128341,94],{"class":93},[61,128343,1010],{"class":310},[61,128345,123274],{"class":314},[61,128347,1010],{"class":310},[61,128349,113],{"class":93},[61,128351,57469],{"class":116},[61,128353,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,128355,90],{"class":89},[61,128357,94],{"class":93},[61,128359,476],{"class":102},[61,128361,229],{"class":93},[61,128363,128206],{"class":102},[61,128365,94],{"class":93},[61,128367,1010],{"class":310},[61,128369,2228],{"class":314},[61,128371,1010],{"class":310},[61,128373,113],{"class":93},[61,128375,128269],{"class":116},[61,128377,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,128379,90],{"class":89},[61,128381,94],{"class":93},[61,128383,476],{"class":102},[61,128385,664],{"class":93},[61,128387,128388],{"class":116},"              # banana\n",[20,128390,20798,128391,128394,128395,229],{},[15,128392,128393],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128396,2113],{},[47,128398,233],{"id":232},[20,128400,236],{},[52,128402,128404],{"className":54,"code":128403,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128405,128406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128407,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128409,60999],{"class":67},[61,128411,229],{"class":93},[61,128413,128206],{"class":102},[61,128415,94],{"class":93},[61,128417,103],{"class":102},[61,128419,106],{"class":93},[61,128421,36078],{"class":102},[61,128423,106],{"class":93},[61,128425,64866],{"class":102},[61,128427,258],{"class":93},[260,128429,17421],{"id":17420},[164,128431,128432,128436,128441],{},[167,128433,128434,123373],{},[15,128435,103],{},[167,128437,128438,128440],{},[15,128439,36099],{},": optional starting position",[167,128442,128443,128445],{},[15,128444,52483],{},": optional ending position",[20,128447,128448,749,128450,128452],{},[15,128449,36099],{},[15,128451,52483],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128454,126510],{},[52,128456,128458],{"className":54,"code":128457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128459,128460,128472,128476,128501,128530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128461,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128463,450],{"class":67},[61,128465,72],{"class":71},[61,128467,311],{"class":310},[61,128469,60231],{"class":314},[61,128471,318],{"class":310},[61,128473,128474],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,128475,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,128477,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,128479,90],{"class":89},[61,128481,94],{"class":93},[61,128483,476],{"class":102},[61,128485,229],{"class":93},[61,128487,128206],{"class":102},[61,128489,94],{"class":93},[61,128491,1010],{"class":310},[61,128493,60298],{"class":314},[61,128495,1010],{"class":310},[61,128497,113],{"class":93},[61,128499,128500],{"class":116},"        # 4\n",[61,128502,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,128504,90],{"class":89},[61,128506,94],{"class":93},[61,128508,476],{"class":102},[61,128510,229],{"class":93},[61,128512,128206],{"class":102},[61,128514,94],{"class":93},[61,128516,1010],{"class":310},[61,128518,60298],{"class":314},[61,128520,1010],{"class":310},[61,128522,106],{"class":93},[61,128524,4644],{"class":75},[61,128526,113],{"class":93},[61,128528,128529],{"class":116},"     # 7\n",[61,128531,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,128533,90],{"class":89},[61,128535,94],{"class":93},[61,128537,476],{"class":102},[61,128539,229],{"class":93},[61,128541,128206],{"class":102},[61,128543,94],{"class":93},[61,128545,1010],{"class":310},[61,128547,60298],{"class":314},[61,128549,1010],{"class":310},[61,128551,106],{"class":93},[61,128553,4644],{"class":75},[61,128555,106],{"class":93},[61,128557,6032],{"class":75},[61,128559,113],{"class":93},[61,128561,128562],{"class":116},"  # -1\n",[47,128564,38048],{"id":38047},[20,128566,57368,128567,128569],{},[15,128568,124176],{}," is always an integer.",[164,128571,128572,128578,128581],{},[167,128573,128574,128575,128577],{},"A number ",[15,128576,2175],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[167,128579,128580],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[167,128582,128583,128585],{},[15,128584,65680],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128587,295],{},[52,128589,128591],{"className":54,"code":128590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128592,128593,128605,128609,128634,128659],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128594,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128596,450],{"class":67},[61,128598,72],{"class":71},[61,128600,311],{"class":310},[61,128602,56],{"class":314},[61,128604,318],{"class":310},[61,128606,128607],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,128608,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,128610,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128628,128630,128632],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,128612,90],{"class":89},[61,128614,94],{"class":93},[61,128616,476],{"class":102},[61,128618,229],{"class":93},[61,128620,128206],{"class":102},[61,128622,94],{"class":93},[61,128624,1010],{"class":310},[61,128626,128627],{"class":314},"py",[61,128629,1010],{"class":310},[61,128631,113],{"class":93},[61,128633,20795],{"class":116},[61,128635,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128653,128655,128657],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,128637,90],{"class":89},[61,128639,94],{"class":93},[61,128641,476],{"class":102},[61,128643,229],{"class":93},[61,128645,128206],{"class":102},[61,128647,94],{"class":93},[61,128649,1010],{"class":310},[61,128651,128652],{"class":314},"th",[61,128654,1010],{"class":310},[61,128656,113],{"class":93},[61,128658,57469],{"class":116},[61,128660,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,128662,90],{"class":89},[61,128664,94],{"class":93},[61,128666,476],{"class":102},[61,128668,229],{"class":93},[61,128670,128206],{"class":102},[61,128672,94],{"class":93},[61,128674,1010],{"class":310},[61,128676,22105],{"class":314},[61,128678,1010],{"class":310},[61,128680,113],{"class":93},[61,128682,128269],{"class":116},[20,128684,89736,128685,8488,128687,31,128689,229],{},[15,128686,124176],{},[15,128688,30],{},[15,128690,34],{},[20,128692,128693],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[47,128695,8449,128696,749,128698],{"id":65232},[15,128697,36099],{},[15,128699,52483],{},[20,128701,143,128702,128704],{},[15,128703,36099],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128706,143,128707,128709],{},[15,128708,52483],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128711,2034,128712,75288,128714,128716],{},[15,128713,52483],{},[3784,128715,64895],{}," in the search.",[52,128718,128720],{"className":54,"code":128719,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128721,128722,128735,128739,128763,128792,128824],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128723,128724,128726,128728,128730,128733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128725,450],{"class":67},[61,128727,72],{"class":71},[61,128729,311],{"class":310},[61,128731,128732],{"class":314},"one two three two",[61,128734,318],{"class":310},[61,128736,128737],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,128738,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,128740,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,128742,90],{"class":89},[61,128744,94],{"class":93},[61,128746,476],{"class":102},[61,128748,229],{"class":93},[61,128750,128206],{"class":102},[61,128752,94],{"class":93},[61,128754,1010],{"class":310},[61,128756,79097],{"class":314},[61,128758,1010],{"class":310},[61,128760,113],{"class":93},[61,128762,128500],{"class":116},[61,128764,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,128766,90],{"class":89},[61,128768,94],{"class":93},[61,128770,476],{"class":102},[61,128772,229],{"class":93},[61,128774,128206],{"class":102},[61,128776,94],{"class":93},[61,128778,1010],{"class":310},[61,128780,79097],{"class":314},[61,128782,1010],{"class":310},[61,128784,106],{"class":93},[61,128786,4644],{"class":75},[61,128788,113],{"class":93},[61,128790,128791],{"class":116},"     # 14\n",[61,128793,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,128795,90],{"class":89},[61,128797,94],{"class":93},[61,128799,476],{"class":102},[61,128801,229],{"class":93},[61,128803,128206],{"class":102},[61,128805,94],{"class":93},[61,128807,1010],{"class":310},[61,128809,79097],{"class":314},[61,128811,1010],{"class":310},[61,128813,106],{"class":93},[61,128815,3876],{"class":75},[61,128817,106],{"class":93},[61,128819,6032],{"class":75},[61,128821,113],{"class":93},[61,128823,50757],{"class":116},[61,128825,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,128827,90],{"class":89},[61,128829,94],{"class":93},[61,128831,476],{"class":102},[61,128833,229],{"class":93},[61,128835,128206],{"class":102},[61,128837,94],{"class":93},[61,128839,1010],{"class":310},[61,128841,79097],{"class":314},[61,128843,1010],{"class":310},[61,128845,106],{"class":93},[61,128847,3876],{"class":75},[61,128849,106],{"class":93},[61,128851,2505],{"class":75},[61,128853,113],{"class":93},[61,128855,128562],{"class":116},[20,128857,128858],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128860,128861,128862,54892,128866,229],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[221,128863,128865],{"href":128864},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[221,128867,128869,128871],{"href":128868},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128870,60356],{}," string method",[47,128873,123828],{"id":123827},[20,128875,128876,123639],{},[15,128877,124176],{},[20,128879,127226,128880,749,128882,128884],{},[15,128881,90244],{},[15,128883,64360],{}," are treated as different text.",[52,128886,128888],{"className":54,"code":128887,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128889,128890,128903,128907,128931],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128891,128892,128894,128896,128898,128901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128893,450],{"class":67},[61,128895,72],{"class":71},[61,128897,311],{"class":310},[61,128899,128900],{"class":314},"Hello World",[61,128902,318],{"class":310},[61,128904,128905],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,128906,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,128908,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,128910,90],{"class":89},[61,128912,94],{"class":93},[61,128914,476],{"class":102},[61,128916,229],{"class":93},[61,128918,128206],{"class":102},[61,128920,94],{"class":93},[61,128922,1010],{"class":310},[61,128924,34892],{"class":314},[61,128926,1010],{"class":310},[61,128928,113],{"class":93},[61,128930,51069],{"class":116},[61,128932,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949,128951,128953],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,128934,90],{"class":89},[61,128936,94],{"class":93},[61,128938,476],{"class":102},[61,128940,229],{"class":93},[61,128942,128206],{"class":102},[61,128944,94],{"class":93},[61,128946,1010],{"class":310},[61,128948,457],{"class":314},[61,128950,1010],{"class":310},[61,128952,113],{"class":93},[61,128954,128562],{"class":116},[20,128956,128957],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[52,128959,128961],{"className":54,"code":128960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128962,128963,128975,128979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128964,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128966,450],{"class":67},[61,128968,72],{"class":71},[61,128970,311],{"class":310},[61,128972,128900],{"class":314},[61,128974,318],{"class":310},[61,128976,128977],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,128978,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,128980,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,128982,90],{"class":89},[61,128984,94],{"class":93},[61,128986,476],{"class":102},[61,128988,229],{"class":93},[61,128990,8673],{"class":102},[61,128992,8670],{"class":93},[61,128994,128206],{"class":102},[61,128996,94],{"class":93},[61,128998,1010],{"class":310},[61,129000,457],{"class":314},[61,129002,1010],{"class":310},[61,129004,113],{"class":93},[61,129006,51069],{"class":116},[47,129008,129010,741,129012],{"id":129009},"find-vs-index",[15,129011,124176],{},[15,129013,58792],{},[20,129015,129016,749,129018,129020],{},[15,129017,124176],{},[15,129019,58792],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[164,129022,129023,129029],{},[167,129024,129025,2446,129027],{},[15,129026,124176],{},[15,129028,65680],{},[167,129030,129031,52317,129033],{},[15,129032,58792],{},[15,129034,40730],{},[20,129036,143,129037,129039],{},[15,129038,124176],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129041,143,129042,129044],{},[15,129043,58792],{}," when the value must exist.",[52,129046,129048],{"className":54,"code":129047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129049,129050,129062,129066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129051,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129053,450],{"class":67},[61,129055,72],{"class":71},[61,129057,311],{"class":310},[61,129059,457],{"class":314},[61,129061,318],{"class":310},[61,129063,129064],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,129065,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,129067,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,129069,90],{"class":89},[61,129071,94],{"class":93},[61,129073,476],{"class":102},[61,129075,229],{"class":93},[61,129077,128206],{"class":102},[61,129079,94],{"class":93},[61,129081,1010],{"class":310},[61,129083,2228],{"class":314},[61,129085,1010],{"class":310},[61,129087,113],{"class":93},[61,129089,129090],{"class":116},"   # -1\n",[52,129092,129094],{"className":54,"code":129093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129095,129096,129108,129112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129097,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129099,450],{"class":67},[61,129101,72],{"class":71},[61,129103,311],{"class":310},[61,129105,457],{"class":314},[61,129107,318],{"class":310},[61,129109,129110],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,129111,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,129113,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,129115,90],{"class":89},[61,129117,94],{"class":93},[61,129119,476],{"class":102},[61,129121,229],{"class":93},[61,129123,35872],{"class":102},[61,129125,94],{"class":93},[61,129127,1010],{"class":310},[61,129129,2228],{"class":314},[61,129131,1010],{"class":310},[61,129133,113],{"class":93},[61,129135,129136],{"class":116},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129138,129139,129140,129144,129145,129147,129148,229],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[221,129141,129142,128871],{"href":124201},[15,129143,58792],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129146,58792],{},", read ",[221,129149,25708,129150],{"href":73308},[15,129151,129152],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[47,129154,41071],{"id":41070},[20,129156,35431,129157,129159],{},[15,129158,124176],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[164,129161,129162,129165,129168,129171],{},[167,129163,129164],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[167,129166,129167],{},"Get the position of a word",[167,129169,129170],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[167,129172,129173],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129175,129176],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[52,129178,129180],{"className":54,"code":129179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129181,129182,129195,129218,129222,129237,129253,129272,129286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129183,129184,129186,129188,129190,129193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129185,450],{"class":67},[61,129187,72],{"class":71},[61,129189,311],{"class":310},[61,129191,129192],{"class":314},"name:Alice",[61,129194,318],{"class":310},[61,129196,129197,129200,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,129198,129199],{"class":67},"colon_pos ",[61,129201,72],{"class":71},[61,129203,42864],{"class":67},[61,129205,229],{"class":93},[61,129207,128206],{"class":102},[61,129209,94],{"class":93},[61,129211,1010],{"class":310},[61,129213,1314],{"class":314},[61,129215,1010],{"class":310},[61,129217,258],{"class":93},[61,129219,129220],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,129221,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,129223,129224,129226,129229,129231,129233,129235],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,129225,1124],{"class":672},[61,129227,129228],{"class":67}," colon_pos ",[61,129230,72418],{"class":71},[61,129232,2274],{"class":71},[61,129234,3035],{"class":75},[61,129236,6433],{"class":93},[61,129238,129239,129242,129244,129246,129248,129251],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,129240,129241],{"class":67},"    label ",[61,129243,72],{"class":71},[61,129245,42864],{"class":67},[61,129247,75361],{"class":93},[61,129249,129250],{"class":67},"colon_pos",[61,129252,1115],{"class":93},[61,129254,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,129256,27427],{"class":67},[61,129258,72],{"class":71},[61,129260,42864],{"class":67},[61,129262,1356],{"class":93},[61,129264,129199],{"class":67},[61,129266,2116],{"class":71},[61,129268,5535],{"class":75},[61,129270,129271],{"class":93},":]\n",[61,129273,129274,129276,129278,129281,129283],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,129275,1141],{"class":89},[61,129277,94],{"class":93},[61,129279,129280],{"class":102},"label",[61,129282,664],{"class":93},[61,129284,129285],{"class":116},"  # name\n",[61,129287,129288,129290,129292,129294,129296],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,129289,1141],{"class":89},[61,129291,94],{"class":93},[61,129293,103],{"class":102},[61,129295,664],{"class":93},[61,129297,129298],{"class":116},"  # Alice\n",[20,129300,129301,129302,229],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[221,129303,127217],{"href":123436},[47,129305,2878],{"id":2877},[20,129307,129308,129309,1314],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129310,124176],{},[164,129312,129313,129322,129328,129333,129339],{},[167,129314,8485,129315,8488,129317,31,129319,129321],{},[15,129316,124176],{},[15,129318,30],{},[15,129320,34],{}," instead of an index",[167,129323,129324,129325,129327],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129326,65680],{}," when the substring is missing",[167,129329,8449,129330,129332],{},[15,129331,124176],{}," without handling case differences",[167,129334,37232,129335,8738,129337],{},[15,129336,124176],{},[15,129338,58792],{},[167,129340,4618,129341,129343],{},[15,129342,124176],{}," changes the string",[20,129345,129346],{},"Example of a mistake:",[52,129348,129350],{"className":54,"code":129349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129351,129352,129364,129368,129388,129403,129409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129353,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129355,450],{"class":67},[61,129357,72],{"class":71},[61,129359,311],{"class":310},[61,129361,457],{"class":314},[61,129363,318],{"class":310},[61,129365,129366],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,129367,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,129369,129370,129372,129374,129376,129378,129380,129382,129384,129386],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,129371,1124],{"class":672},[61,129373,42864],{"class":67},[61,129375,229],{"class":93},[61,129377,128206],{"class":102},[61,129379,94],{"class":93},[61,129381,1010],{"class":310},[61,129383,60263],{"class":314},[61,129385,1010],{"class":310},[61,129387,900],{"class":93},[61,129389,129390,129392,129394,129396,129399,129401],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,129391,1141],{"class":89},[61,129393,94],{"class":93},[61,129395,1010],{"class":310},[61,129397,129398],{"class":314},"Found",[61,129400,1010],{"class":310},[61,129402,258],{"class":93},[61,129404,129405,129407],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,129406,27460],{"class":672},[61,129408,6433],{"class":93},[61,129410,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,129412,1141],{"class":89},[61,129414,94],{"class":93},[61,129416,1010],{"class":310},[61,129418,26341],{"class":314},[61,129420,1010],{"class":310},[61,129422,258],{"class":93},[20,129424,99742],{},[52,129426,129428],{"className":54,"code":129427,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Not found\n",[15,129429,129430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129431,129432],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129433,129427],{"class":67},[20,129435,45718,129436,129439,129440,196,129442,129444,129445,129447],{},[15,129437,129438],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129441,2175],{},[15,129443,2175],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129446,1124],{}," statement.",[20,129449,129450],{},"A safer version is:",[52,129452,129454],{"className":54,"code":129453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129455,129456,129468,129472,129501,129515,129521],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129457,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129459,450],{"class":67},[61,129461,72],{"class":71},[61,129463,311],{"class":310},[61,129465,457],{"class":314},[61,129467,318],{"class":310},[61,129469,129470],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,129471,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,129473,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492,129495,129497,129499],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,129475,1124],{"class":672},[61,129477,42864],{"class":67},[61,129479,229],{"class":93},[61,129481,128206],{"class":102},[61,129483,94],{"class":93},[61,129485,1010],{"class":310},[61,129487,60263],{"class":314},[61,129489,1010],{"class":310},[61,129491,664],{"class":93},[61,129493,129494],{"class":71}," !=",[61,129496,2274],{"class":71},[61,129498,3035],{"class":75},[61,129500,6433],{"class":93},[61,129502,129503,129505,129507,129509,129511,129513],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,129504,1141],{"class":89},[61,129506,94],{"class":93},[61,129508,1010],{"class":310},[61,129510,129398],{"class":314},[61,129512,1010],{"class":310},[61,129514,258],{"class":93},[61,129516,129517,129519],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,129518,27460],{"class":672},[61,129520,6433],{"class":93},[61,129522,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,129524,1141],{"class":89},[61,129526,94],{"class":93},[61,129528,1010],{"class":310},[61,129530,26341],{"class":314},[61,129532,1010],{"class":310},[61,129534,258],{"class":93},[20,129536,129537],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[52,129539,129541],{"className":54,"code":129540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129542,129543,129565,129579,129605,129619],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129544,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553,129555,129557,129559,129561,129563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129546,90],{"class":89},[61,129548,94],{"class":93},[61,129550,476],{"class":102},[61,129552,229],{"class":93},[61,129554,128206],{"class":102},[61,129556,94],{"class":93},[61,129558,3348],{"class":310},[61,129560,38419],{"class":314},[61,129562,3348],{"class":310},[61,129564,342],{"class":93},[61,129566,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,129568,90],{"class":89},[61,129570,94],{"class":93},[61,129572,1804],{"class":89},[61,129574,94],{"class":93},[61,129576,476],{"class":102},[61,129578,342],{"class":93},[61,129580,129581,129583,129585,129587,129589,129591,129593,129595,129597,129599,129601,129603],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,129582,90],{"class":89},[61,129584,94],{"class":93},[61,129586,476],{"class":102},[61,129588,229],{"class":93},[61,129590,8673],{"class":102},[61,129592,8670],{"class":93},[61,129594,128206],{"class":102},[61,129596,94],{"class":93},[61,129598,3348],{"class":310},[61,129600,38419],{"class":314},[61,129602,3348],{"class":310},[61,129604,342],{"class":93},[61,129606,129607,129609,129611,129613,129615,129617],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,129608,90],{"class":89},[61,129610,94],{"class":93},[61,129612,11191],{"class":89},[61,129614,94],{"class":93},[61,129616,476],{"class":102},[61,129618,342],{"class":93},[61,129620,129621,129623,129625,129627,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,129622,90],{"class":89},[61,129624,94],{"class":93},[61,129626,476],{"class":102},[61,129628,229],{"class":93},[61,129630,128206],{"class":102},[61,129632,94],{"class":93},[61,129634,3348],{"class":310},[61,129636,38419],{"class":314},[61,129638,3348],{"class":310},[61,129640,106],{"class":93},[61,129642,36078],{"class":102},[61,129644,106],{"class":93},[61,129646,64866],{"class":102},[61,129648,342],{"class":93},[20,129650,129651],{},"These help you check:",[164,129653,129654,129659,129664,129669,129672],{},[167,129655,129656,129657],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129658,124176],{},[167,129660,129661,129662],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129663,122395],{},[167,129665,129666,129667],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129668,123911],{},[167,129670,129671],{},"The string length",[167,129673,129674,129675,749,129677,129679],{},"Whether your ",[15,129676,36099],{},[15,129678,52483],{}," values are correct",[47,129681,1879],{"id":1878},[260,129683,129685,129686,129688],{"id":129684},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129687,124176],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129690,1889,129691,229],{},[15,129692,65680],{},[260,129694,1928,129696,129698],{"id":129695},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129697,124176],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129700,129701],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[260,129703,129705,129706,124517],{"id":129704},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129707,124176],{},[20,129709,129710],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[260,129712,1911,129714,749,129716,69481],{"id":129713},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129715,124176],{},[15,129717,58792],{},[20,129719,129720,2446,129722,129724,129725,52317,129727,229],{},[15,129721,124176],{},[15,129723,65680],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129726,58792],{},[15,129728,40730],{},[260,129730,28355,129732,129734],{"id":129731},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129733,124176],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129736,129737,129738,749,129740,65979],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129739,36099],{},[15,129741,52483],{},[47,129743,1938],{"id":1937},[164,129745,129746,129752,129758,129765,129771,129778,129782,129787],{},[167,129747,129748],{},[221,129749,126181,129750,10770],{"href":124201},[15,129751,58792],{},[167,129753,129754],{},[221,129755,126181,129756,10770],{"href":128868},[15,129757,60356],{},[167,129759,129760],{},[221,129761,126181,129763,10770],{"href":129762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129764,124352],{},[167,129766,129767],{},[221,129768,126181,129769,10770],{"href":127546},[15,129770,127549],{},[167,129772,129773],{},[221,129774,126181,129776,10770],{"href":129775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129777,126239],{},[167,129779,129780],{},[221,129781,124580],{"href":123436},[167,129783,129784],{},[221,129785,129786],{"href":128864},"How to split a string in Python",[167,129788,129789],{},[221,129790,26148,129791],{"href":73308},[15,129792,129152],{},[1969,129794,129795],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":129797},[129798,129800,129803,129804,129805,129806,129808,129809,129810,129822],{"id":128282,"depth":79,"text":129799},"What find() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":129801},[129802],{"id":17420,"depth":86,"text":17421},{"id":38047,"depth":79,"text":38048},{"id":65232,"depth":79,"text":66015},{"id":123827,"depth":79,"text":123828},{"id":129009,"depth":79,"text":129807},"find() vs index()",{"id":41070,"depth":79,"text":41071},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":129811},[129812,129814,129816,129818,129820],{"id":129684,"depth":86,"text":129813},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129695,"depth":86,"text":129815},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129704,"depth":86,"text":129817},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129713,"depth":86,"text":129819},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129731,"depth":86,"text":129821},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128154,"description":129823},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129830,"title":129831,"body":129832,"description":131758,"extension":2017,"meta":131759,"navigation":82,"path":131760,"seo":131761,"stem":131762,"__hash__":131763},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129833,"toc":131726},[129834,129839,129844,129847,129849,129925,129929,129957,129965,129969,129974,129978,129995,129997,130064,130068,130090,130098,130100,130103,130127,130130,130144,130146,130231,130235,130247,130250,130254,130260,130310,130314,130331,130340,130343,130351,130354,130403,130407,130432,130435,130490,130494,130506,130512,130516,130522,130527,130594,130598,130624,130627,130638,130640,130707,130711,130736,130743,130747,130752,130759,130767,130769,130821,130825,130843,130845,130890,130894,130909,130912,130922,130929,130931,130935,130938,130949,130951,131011,131015,131043,131046,131052,131057,131060,131064,131108,131111,131149,131152,131160,131162,131167,131171,131174,131222,131225,131228,131284,131288,131293,131296,131345,131347,131396,131402,131407,131409,131456,131460,131473,131475,131526,131532,131535,131539,131542,131548,131553,131555,131558,131630,131633,131650,131652,131657,131660,131664,131670,131676,131683,131689,131695,131697,131723],[10,129835,123181,129837,11352],{"id":129836},"python-string-format-method",[15,129838,126184],{},[20,129840,123186,129841,129843],{},[15,129842,126184],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129845,129846],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[47,129848,2059],{"id":2058},[52,129850,129852],{"className":54,"code":129851,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129853,129854,129866,129874,129878,129915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129855,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129857,305],{"class":67},[61,129859,72],{"class":71},[61,129861,311],{"class":310},[61,129863,315],{"class":314},[61,129865,318],{"class":310},[61,129867,129868,129870,129872],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,129869,21656],{"class":67},[61,129871,72],{"class":71},[61,129873,88625],{"class":75},[61,129875,129876],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,129877,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,129879,129880,129882,129884,129886,129889,129891,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902,129905,129907,129909,129911,129913],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,129881,89833],{"class":67},[61,129883,72],{"class":71},[61,129885,311],{"class":310},[61,129887,129888],{"class":314},"My name is ",[61,129890,3834],{"class":75},[61,129892,129893],{"class":314}," and I am ",[61,129895,3834],{"class":75},[61,129897,122177],{"class":314},[61,129899,1010],{"class":310},[61,129901,229],{"class":93},[61,129903,129904],{"class":102},"format",[61,129906,94],{"class":93},[61,129908,335],{"class":102},[61,129910,106],{"class":93},[61,129912,9221],{"class":102},[61,129914,258],{"class":93},[61,129916,129917,129919,129921,129923],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,129918,90],{"class":89},[61,129920,94],{"class":93},[61,129922,89850],{"class":102},[61,129924,258],{"class":93},[20,129926,129927],{},[3784,129928,345],{},[52,129930,129932],{"className":54,"code":129931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129933,129934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129935,129936,129939,129941,129944,129947,129950,129953,129955],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129937,129938],{"class":67},"My name ",[61,129940,1199],{"class":71},[61,129942,129943],{"class":67}," Maya ",[61,129945,129946],{"class":71},"and",[61,129948,129949],{"class":67}," I am ",[61,129951,129952],{"class":75},"12",[61,129954,122210],{"class":67},[61,129956,122213],{"class":93},[20,129958,143,129959,129961,129962,129964],{},[15,129960,3834],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129963,126184],{}," in the same order.",[20,129966,124933,129967,229],{},[221,129968,124936],{"href":50797},[47,129970,13022,129972,13025],{"id":129971},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129973,126184],{},[20,129975,2034,129976,11443],{},[15,129977,126184],{},[164,129979,129980,129983,129989,129992],{},[167,129981,129982],{},"inserts values into a string",[167,129984,129985,129986,129988],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129987,3834],{}," with given values",[167,129990,129991],{},"returns a new string",[167,129993,129994],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129996,295],{},[52,129998,130000],{"className":54,"code":129999,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130001,130002,130016,130039,130043,130054],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130003,130004,130006,130008,130010,130012,130014],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130005,450],{"class":67},[61,130007,72],{"class":71},[61,130009,311],{"class":310},[61,130011,44918],{"class":314},[61,130013,3834],{"class":75},[61,130015,318],{"class":310},[61,130017,130018,130021,130023,130025,130027,130029,130031,130033,130035,130037],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130019,130020],{"class":67},"new_text ",[61,130022,72],{"class":71},[61,130024,42864],{"class":67},[61,130026,229],{"class":93},[61,130028,129904],{"class":102},[61,130030,94],{"class":93},[61,130032,1010],{"class":310},[61,130034,7711],{"class":314},[61,130036,1010],{"class":310},[61,130038,258],{"class":93},[61,130040,130041],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,130042,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,130044,130045,130047,130049,130052],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,130046,90],{"class":89},[61,130048,94],{"class":93},[61,130050,130051],{"class":102},"new_text",[61,130053,258],{"class":93},[61,130055,130056,130058,130060,130062],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,130057,90],{"class":89},[61,130059,94],{"class":93},[61,130061,476],{"class":102},[61,130063,258],{"class":93},[20,130065,130066],{},[3784,130067,345],{},[52,130069,130071],{"className":54,"code":130070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130072,130073,130082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130074,130075,130077,130079],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130076,34892],{"class":67},[61,130078,106],{"class":93},[61,130080,130081],{"class":67}," Sam\n",[61,130083,130084,130086,130088],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130085,34892],{"class":67},[61,130087,106],{"class":93},[61,130089,9869],{"class":93},[20,130091,2336,130092,130094,130095,130097],{},[15,130093,476],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130096,126184],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[47,130099,233],{"id":232},[20,130101,130102],{},"The general form is:",[52,130104,130106],{"className":54,"code":130105,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130107,130108],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130109,130110,130112,130115,130117,130119,130121,130123,130125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130111,1010],{"class":43351},[61,130113,130114],{"class":43355},"text {}",[61,130116,1010],{"class":43351},[61,130118,229],{"class":93},[61,130120,129904],{"class":102},[61,130122,94],{"class":93},[61,130124,103],{"class":102},[61,130126,258],{"class":93},[20,130128,130129],{},"Key idea:",[164,130131,130132,130138,130141],{},[167,130133,130134,130135,130137],{},"each ",[15,130136,3834],{}," is a placeholder",[167,130139,130140],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[167,130142,130143],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130145,295],{},[52,130147,130149],{"className":54,"code":130148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130150,130151,130164,130178,130182,130220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130152,130153,130156,130158,130160,130162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130154,130155],{"class":67},"animal ",[61,130157,72],{"class":71},[61,130159,311],{"class":310},[61,130161,37075],{"class":314},[61,130163,318],{"class":310},[61,130165,130166,130169,130171,130173,130176],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130167,130168],{"class":67},"sound ",[61,130170,72],{"class":71},[61,130172,311],{"class":310},[61,130174,130175],{"class":314},"meow",[61,130177,318],{"class":310},[61,130179,130180],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,130181,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,130183,130184,130187,130189,130191,130193,130195,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206,130208,130210,130213,130215,130218],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,130185,130186],{"class":67},"sentence ",[61,130188,72],{"class":71},[61,130190,311],{"class":310},[61,130192,2034],{"class":314},[61,130194,3834],{"class":75},[61,130196,130197],{"class":314}," says ",[61,130199,3834],{"class":75},[61,130201,229],{"class":314},[61,130203,1010],{"class":310},[61,130205,229],{"class":93},[61,130207,129904],{"class":102},[61,130209,94],{"class":93},[61,130211,130212],{"class":102},"animal",[61,130214,106],{"class":93},[61,130216,130217],{"class":102}," sound",[61,130219,258],{"class":93},[61,130221,130222,130224,130226,130229],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,130223,90],{"class":89},[61,130225,94],{"class":93},[61,130227,130228],{"class":102},"sentence",[61,130230,258],{"class":93},[20,130232,130233],{},[3784,130234,345],{},[52,130236,130238],{"className":54,"code":130237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130239,130240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130241,130242,130245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130243,130244],{"class":67},"The cat says meow",[61,130246,122213],{"class":93},[20,130248,130249],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[47,130251,130253],{"id":130252},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130255,130256,130257,130259],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130258,3834],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[52,130261,130263],{"className":54,"code":130262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130264,130265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130266,130267,130269,130271,130273,130276,130278,130280,130282,130284,130286,130288,130290,130292,130294,130297,130299,130301,130303,130306,130308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130268,90],{"class":89},[61,130270,94],{"class":93},[61,130272,1010],{"class":310},[61,130274,130275],{"class":314},"I like ",[61,130277,3834],{"class":75},[61,130279,749],{"class":314},[61,130281,3834],{"class":75},[61,130283,229],{"class":314},[61,130285,1010],{"class":310},[61,130287,229],{"class":93},[61,130289,129904],{"class":102},[61,130291,94],{"class":93},[61,130293,1010],{"class":310},[61,130295,130296],{"class":314},"pizza",[61,130298,1010],{"class":310},[61,130300,106],{"class":93},[61,130302,311],{"class":310},[61,130304,130305],{"class":314},"pasta",[61,130307,1010],{"class":310},[61,130309,342],{"class":93},[20,130311,130312],{},[3784,130313,345],{},[52,130315,130317],{"className":54,"code":130316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130318,130319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130320,130321,130324,130326,130329],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130322,130323],{"class":67},"I like pizza ",[61,130325,129946],{"class":71},[61,130327,130328],{"class":67}," pasta",[61,130330,122213],{"class":93},[20,130332,130333,130334,749,130337,229],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130335,130336],{},"{0}",[15,130338,130339],{},"{1}",[20,130341,130342],{},"This is helpful when:",[164,130344,130345,130348],{},[167,130346,130347],{},"you want to reuse a value",[167,130349,130350],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130352,130353],{},"Example with reused values:",[52,130355,130357],{"className":54,"code":130356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130358,130359,130393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130360,130361,130363,130365,130367,130369,130372,130374,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130362,450],{"class":67},[61,130364,72],{"class":71},[61,130366,311],{"class":310},[61,130368,130336],{"class":75},[61,130370,130371],{"class":314}," is learning Python. ",[61,130373,130336],{"class":75},[61,130375,130376],{"class":314}," likes coding.",[61,130378,1010],{"class":310},[61,130380,229],{"class":93},[61,130382,129904],{"class":102},[61,130384,94],{"class":93},[61,130386,1010],{"class":310},[61,130388,19909],{"class":314},[61,130390,1010],{"class":310},[61,130392,258],{"class":93},[61,130394,130395,130397,130399,130401],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130396,90],{"class":89},[61,130398,94],{"class":93},[61,130400,476],{"class":102},[61,130402,258],{"class":93},[20,130404,130405],{},[3784,130406,345],{},[52,130408,130410],{"className":54,"code":130409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130411,130412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130413,130414,130417,130419,130422,130424,130427,130430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130415,130416],{"class":67},"Lina ",[61,130418,1199],{"class":71},[61,130420,130421],{"class":67}," learning Python",[61,130423,229],{"class":93},[61,130425,130426],{"class":24778}," Lina",[61,130428,130429],{"class":67}," likes coding",[61,130431,122213],{"class":93},[20,130433,130434],{},"Example with changed order:",[52,130436,130438],{"className":54,"code":130437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130439,130440,130480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130441,130442,130444,130446,130448,130450,130452,130454,130456,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130443,450],{"class":67},[61,130445,72],{"class":71},[61,130447,311],{"class":310},[61,130449,130339],{"class":75},[61,130451,83152],{"class":314},[61,130453,130336],{"class":75},[61,130455,229],{"class":314},[61,130457,1010],{"class":310},[61,130459,229],{"class":93},[61,130461,129904],{"class":102},[61,130463,94],{"class":93},[61,130465,1010],{"class":310},[61,130467,6620],{"class":314},[61,130469,1010],{"class":310},[61,130471,106],{"class":93},[61,130473,311],{"class":310},[61,130475,79097],{"class":314},[61,130477,1010],{"class":310},[61,130479,258],{"class":93},[61,130481,130482,130484,130486,130488],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130483,90],{"class":89},[61,130485,94],{"class":93},[61,130487,476],{"class":102},[61,130489,258],{"class":93},[20,130491,130492],{},[3784,130493,345],{},[52,130495,130497],{"className":54,"code":130496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130498,130499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130500,130501,130504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130502,130503],{"class":67},"two comes after one",[61,130505,122213],{"class":93},[20,130507,130508,130509,130511],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130510,3834],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[47,130513,130515],{"id":130514},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130517,130518,130519,229],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130520,130521],{},"{name}",[20,130523,130524,130525,1314],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130526,126184],{},[52,130528,130530],{"className":54,"code":130529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130531,130532,130584],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130533,130534,130536,130538,130540,130542,130544,130547,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130535,450],{"class":67},[61,130537,72],{"class":71},[61,130539,311],{"class":310},[61,130541,129888],{"class":314},[61,130543,130521],{"class":75},[61,130545,130546],{"class":314}," and I live in ",[61,130548,130549],{"class":75},"{city}",[61,130551,229],{"class":314},[61,130553,1010],{"class":310},[61,130555,229],{"class":93},[61,130557,129904],{"class":102},[61,130559,94],{"class":93},[61,130561,335],{"class":9208},[61,130563,72],{"class":71},[61,130565,1010],{"class":310},[61,130567,1319],{"class":314},[61,130569,1010],{"class":310},[61,130571,106],{"class":93},[61,130573,31413],{"class":9208},[61,130575,72],{"class":71},[61,130577,1010],{"class":310},[61,130579,16059],{"class":314},[61,130581,1010],{"class":310},[61,130583,258],{"class":93},[61,130585,130586,130588,130590,130592],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130587,90],{"class":89},[61,130589,94],{"class":93},[61,130591,476],{"class":102},[61,130593,258],{"class":93},[20,130595,130596],{},[3784,130597,345],{},[52,130599,130601],{"className":54,"code":130600,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130602,130603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130604,130605,130607,130609,130612,130614,130617,130619,130622],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130606,129938],{"class":67},[61,130608,1199],{"class":71},[61,130610,130611],{"class":67}," Ana ",[61,130613,129946],{"class":71},[61,130615,130616],{"class":67}," I live ",[61,130618,3924],{"class":71},[61,130620,130621],{"class":67}," Lima",[61,130623,122213],{"class":93},[20,130625,130626],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[164,130628,130629,130632,130635],{},[167,130630,130631],{},"they make code easier to read",[167,130633,130634],{},"they help when a string has many values",[167,130636,130637],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130639,295],{},[52,130641,130643],{"className":54,"code":130642,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130644,130645,130697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130646,130647,130650,130652,130654,130657,130660,130663,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130678,130680,130683,130685,130687,130690,130692,130695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130648,130649],{"class":67},"report ",[61,130651,72],{"class":71},[61,130653,311],{"class":310},[61,130655,130656],{"class":314},"Student: ",[61,130658,130659],{"class":75},"{student}",[61,130661,130662],{"class":314},", Score: ",[61,130664,130665],{"class":75},"{score}",[61,130667,1010],{"class":310},[61,130669,229],{"class":93},[61,130671,129904],{"class":102},[61,130673,94],{"class":93},[61,130675,13652],{"class":9208},[61,130677,72],{"class":71},[61,130679,1010],{"class":310},[61,130681,130682],{"class":314},"Noah",[61,130684,1010],{"class":310},[61,130686,106],{"class":93},[61,130688,130689],{"class":9208}," score",[61,130691,72],{"class":71},[61,130693,130694],{"class":75},"95",[61,130696,258],{"class":93},[61,130698,130699,130701,130703,130705],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130700,90],{"class":89},[61,130702,94],{"class":93},[61,130704,127894],{"class":102},[61,130706,258],{"class":93},[20,130708,130709],{},[3784,130710,345],{},[52,130712,130714],{"className":54,"code":130713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130715,130716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130717,130718,130721,130723,130726,130728,130731,130733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130719,130720],{"class":67},"Student",[61,130722,1314],{"class":93},[61,130724,130725],{"class":67}," Noah",[61,130727,106],{"class":93},[61,130729,130730],{"class":67}," Score",[61,130732,1314],{"class":93},[61,130734,130735],{"class":75}," 95\n",[20,130737,130738,130739,229],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[221,130740,13,130741,1947],{"href":42198},[15,130742,47696],{},[47,130744,130746],{"id":130745},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130748,130749,130751],{},[15,130750,126184],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130753,130754,130755,130758],{},"A common example is ",[15,130756,130757],{},":.2f",", which means:",[164,130760,130761,130764],{},[167,130762,130763],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[167,130765,130766],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130768,295],{},[52,130770,130772],{"className":54,"code":130771,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130773,130774,130782,130811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130775,130776,130778,130780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130777,40413],{"class":67},[61,130779,72],{"class":71},[61,130781,551],{"class":75},[61,130783,130784,130786,130788,130790,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130785,450],{"class":67},[61,130787,72],{"class":71},[61,130789,311],{"class":310},[61,130791,130792],{"class":314},"Price: $",[61,130794,9310],{"class":75},[61,130796,130757],{"class":882},[61,130798,22331],{"class":75},[61,130800,1010],{"class":310},[61,130802,229],{"class":93},[61,130804,129904],{"class":102},[61,130806,94],{"class":93},[61,130808,25178],{"class":102},[61,130810,258],{"class":93},[61,130812,130813,130815,130817,130819],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,130814,90],{"class":89},[61,130816,94],{"class":93},[61,130818,476],{"class":102},[61,130820,258],{"class":93},[20,130822,130823],{},[3784,130824,345],{},[52,130826,130828],{"className":54,"code":130827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130829,130830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130831,130832,130835,130837,130840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130833,130834],{"class":67},"Price",[61,130836,1314],{"class":93},[61,130838,130839],{"class":37395}," $",[61,130841,130842],{"class":75},"3.50\n",[20,130844,51902],{},[52,130846,130848],{"className":54,"code":130847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130849,130850,130860],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130851,130852,130855,130857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130853,130854],{"class":67},"average ",[61,130856,72],{"class":71},[61,130858,130859],{"class":75}," 91.236\n",[61,130861,130862,130864,130866,130868,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130888],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130863,90],{"class":89},[61,130865,94],{"class":93},[61,130867,1010],{"class":310},[61,130869,130870],{"class":314},"Average: ",[61,130872,9310],{"class":75},[61,130874,130757],{"class":882},[61,130876,22331],{"class":75},[61,130878,1010],{"class":310},[61,130880,229],{"class":93},[61,130882,129904],{"class":102},[61,130884,94],{"class":93},[61,130886,130887],{"class":102},"average",[61,130889,342],{"class":93},[20,130891,130892],{},[3784,130893,345],{},[52,130895,130897],{"className":54,"code":130896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130898,130899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130900,130901,130904,130906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130902,130903],{"class":67},"Average",[61,130905,1314],{"class":93},[61,130907,130908],{"class":75}," 91.24\n",[20,130910,130911],{},"This is useful for:",[164,130913,130914,130916,130919],{},[167,130915,82910],{},[167,130917,130918],{},"averages",[167,130920,130921],{},"percentages",[20,130923,130924,130925,229],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[221,130926,13,130927,2351],{"href":46464},[15,130928,46467],{},[47,130930,17445],{"id":17444},[20,130932,130933,92347],{},[15,130934,126184],{},[20,130936,130937],{},"That means you can:",[164,130939,130940,130943,130946],{},[167,130941,130942],{},"save it in a variable",[167,130944,130945],{},"print it directly",[167,130947,130948],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130950,295],{},[52,130952,130954],{"className":54,"code":130953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130955,130956,130987,130997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130957,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966,130968,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130983,130985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130959,89833],{"class":67},[61,130961,72],{"class":71},[61,130963,311],{"class":310},[61,130965,44918],{"class":314},[61,130967,3834],{"class":75},[61,130969,89674],{"class":314},[61,130971,1010],{"class":310},[61,130973,229],{"class":93},[61,130975,129904],{"class":102},[61,130977,94],{"class":93},[61,130979,1010],{"class":310},[61,130981,130982],{"class":314},"Chris",[61,130984,1010],{"class":310},[61,130986,258],{"class":93},[61,130988,130989,130991,130993,130995],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,130990,90],{"class":89},[61,130992,94],{"class":93},[61,130994,89850],{"class":102},[61,130996,258],{"class":93},[61,130998,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,131000,90],{"class":89},[61,131002,94],{"class":93},[61,131004,657],{"class":109},[61,131006,94],{"class":93},[61,131008,89850],{"class":102},[61,131010,342],{"class":93},[20,131012,131013],{},[3784,131014,345],{},[52,131016,131018],{"className":54,"code":131017,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131019,131020,131029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131021,131022,131024,131026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131023,34892],{"class":67},[61,131025,106],{"class":93},[61,131027,131028],{"class":67}," Chris!\n",[61,131030,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131032,3337],{"class":71},[61,131034,3340],{"class":882},[61,131036,3343],{"class":310},[61,131038,185],{"class":314},[61,131040,3348],{"class":310},[61,131042,3351],{"class":71},[20,131044,131045],{},"The original string is not changed.",[47,131047,131049,131051],{"id":131048},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131050,126184],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131053,131054,131056],{},[15,131055,126184],{}," is a string method.",[20,131058,131059],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131061,46055,131062,1314],{},[15,131063,126184],{},[52,131065,131067],{"className":54,"code":131066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131068,131069,131082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131070,131071,131073,131075,131077,131080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131072,305],{"class":67},[61,131074,72],{"class":71},[61,131076,311],{"class":310},[61,131078,131079],{"class":314},"Rita",[61,131081,318],{"class":310},[61,131083,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104,131106],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131085,90],{"class":89},[61,131087,94],{"class":93},[61,131089,1010],{"class":310},[61,131091,44918],{"class":314},[61,131093,3834],{"class":75},[61,131095,89674],{"class":314},[61,131097,1010],{"class":310},[61,131099,229],{"class":93},[61,131101,129904],{"class":102},[61,131103,94],{"class":93},[61,131105,335],{"class":102},[61,131107,342],{"class":93},[20,131109,131110],{},"Example with an f-string:",[52,131112,131114],{"className":54,"code":131113,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131115,131116,131128],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131117,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131119,305],{"class":67},[61,131121,72],{"class":71},[61,131123,311],{"class":310},[61,131125,131079],{"class":314},[61,131127,318],{"class":310},[61,131129,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142,131144,131147],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131131,90],{"class":89},[61,131133,94],{"class":93},[61,131135,22322],{"class":882},[61,131137,43369],{"class":314},[61,131139,9310],{"class":75},[61,131141,335],{"class":102},[61,131143,22331],{"class":75},[61,131145,131146],{"class":314},"!\"",[61,131148,258],{"class":93},[20,131150,131151],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131153,131154,131155,131157,131158,229],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131156,126184],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[221,131159,89519],{"href":89518},[47,131161,2878],{"id":2877},[20,131163,131164,131165,229],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131166,126184],{},[260,131168,131170],{"id":131169},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131172,131173],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[52,131175,131177],{"className":54,"code":131176,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131178,131179,131212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131180,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131182,450],{"class":67},[61,131184,72],{"class":71},[61,131186,311],{"class":310},[61,131188,44918],{"class":314},[61,131190,3834],{"class":75},[61,131192,131193],{"class":75}," {}",[61,131195,89674],{"class":314},[61,131197,1010],{"class":310},[61,131199,229],{"class":93},[61,131201,129904],{"class":102},[61,131203,94],{"class":93},[61,131205,1010],{"class":310},[61,131207,7711],{"class":314},[61,131209,1010],{"class":310},[61,131211,258],{"class":93},[61,131213,131214,131216,131218,131220],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131215,90],{"class":89},[61,131217,94],{"class":93},[61,131219,476],{"class":102},[61,131221,258],{"class":93},[20,131223,131224],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131226,131227],{},"Fixed version:",[52,131229,131231],{"className":54,"code":131230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131232,131233,131274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131234,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131270,131272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131236,450],{"class":67},[61,131238,72],{"class":71},[61,131240,311],{"class":310},[61,131242,44918],{"class":314},[61,131244,3834],{"class":75},[61,131246,131193],{"class":75},[61,131248,89674],{"class":314},[61,131250,1010],{"class":310},[61,131252,229],{"class":93},[61,131254,129904],{"class":102},[61,131256,94],{"class":93},[61,131258,1010],{"class":310},[61,131260,7711],{"class":314},[61,131262,1010],{"class":310},[61,131264,106],{"class":93},[61,131266,311],{"class":310},[61,131268,131269],{"class":314},"Lee",[61,131271,1010],{"class":310},[61,131273,258],{"class":93},[61,131275,131276,131278,131280,131282],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131277,90],{"class":89},[61,131279,94],{"class":93},[61,131281,476],{"class":102},[61,131283,258],{"class":93},[260,131285,131287],{"id":131286},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131289,131290,131291,229],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131292,126184],{},[20,131294,131295],{},"Problem:",[52,131297,131299],{"className":54,"code":131298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131300,131301,131335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131302,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131315,131317,131319,131321,131323,131325,131327,131329,131331,131333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131304,450],{"class":67},[61,131306,72],{"class":71},[61,131308,311],{"class":310},[61,131310,44918],{"class":314},[61,131312,130521],{"class":75},[61,131314,89674],{"class":314},[61,131316,1010],{"class":310},[61,131318,229],{"class":93},[61,131320,129904],{"class":102},[61,131322,94],{"class":93},[61,131324,8020],{"class":9208},[61,131326,72],{"class":71},[61,131328,1010],{"class":310},[61,131330,7711],{"class":314},[61,131332,1010],{"class":310},[61,131334,258],{"class":93},[61,131336,131337,131339,131341,131343],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131338,90],{"class":89},[61,131340,94],{"class":93},[61,131342,476],{"class":102},[61,131344,258],{"class":93},[20,131346,131227],{},[52,131348,131350],{"className":54,"code":131349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131351,131352,131386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131353,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131355,450],{"class":67},[61,131357,72],{"class":71},[61,131359,311],{"class":310},[61,131361,44918],{"class":314},[61,131363,130521],{"class":75},[61,131365,89674],{"class":314},[61,131367,1010],{"class":310},[61,131369,229],{"class":93},[61,131371,129904],{"class":102},[61,131373,94],{"class":93},[61,131375,335],{"class":9208},[61,131377,72],{"class":71},[61,131379,1010],{"class":310},[61,131381,7711],{"class":314},[61,131383,1010],{"class":310},[61,131385,258],{"class":93},[61,131387,131388,131390,131392,131394],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131389,90],{"class":89},[61,131391,94],{"class":93},[61,131393,476],{"class":102},[61,131395,258],{"class":93},[260,131397,8485,131399,131401],{"id":131398},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131400,126184],{}," to change the original string",[20,131403,131404,131406],{},[15,131405,126184],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131408,131295],{},[52,131410,131412],{"className":54,"code":131411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131413,131414,131428,131446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131415,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131417,450],{"class":67},[61,131419,72],{"class":71},[61,131421,311],{"class":310},[61,131423,44918],{"class":314},[61,131425,3834],{"class":75},[61,131427,318],{"class":310},[61,131429,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131431,476],{"class":67},[61,131433,229],{"class":93},[61,131435,129904],{"class":102},[61,131437,94],{"class":93},[61,131439,1010],{"class":310},[61,131441,7711],{"class":314},[61,131443,1010],{"class":310},[61,131445,258],{"class":93},[61,131447,131448,131450,131452,131454],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,131449,90],{"class":89},[61,131451,94],{"class":93},[61,131453,476],{"class":102},[61,131455,258],{"class":93},[20,131457,131458],{},[3784,131459,345],{},[52,131461,131463],{"className":54,"code":131462,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131464,131465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131466,131467,131469,131471],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131468,34892],{"class":67},[61,131470,106],{"class":93},[61,131472,9869],{"class":93},[20,131474,131227],{},[52,131476,131478],{"className":54,"code":131477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131479,131480,131494,131516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131481,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131483,450],{"class":67},[61,131485,72],{"class":71},[61,131487,311],{"class":310},[61,131489,44918],{"class":314},[61,131491,3834],{"class":75},[61,131493,318],{"class":310},[61,131495,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131497,450],{"class":67},[61,131499,72],{"class":71},[61,131501,42864],{"class":67},[61,131503,229],{"class":93},[61,131505,129904],{"class":102},[61,131507,94],{"class":93},[61,131509,1010],{"class":310},[61,131511,7711],{"class":314},[61,131513,1010],{"class":310},[61,131515,258],{"class":93},[61,131517,131518,131520,131522,131524],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,131519,90],{"class":89},[61,131521,94],{"class":93},[61,131523,476],{"class":102},[61,131525,258],{"class":93},[260,131527,4744,131529,131531],{"id":131528},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131530,126184],{}," returns a new string",[20,131533,131534],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[260,131536,131538],{"id":131537},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131540,131541],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131543,131544,131545,131547],{},"Use simple ",[15,131546,3834],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131549,131550,131551,229],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[221,131552,90232],{"href":90231},[47,131554,67721],{"id":67720},[20,131556,131557],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[52,131559,131561],{"className":54,"code":131560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131562,131563,131573,131587,131616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131564,131565,131567,131569,131571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131566,90],{"class":89},[61,131568,94],{"class":93},[61,131570,476],{"class":102},[61,131572,258],{"class":93},[61,131574,131575,131577,131579,131581,131583,131585],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131576,90],{"class":89},[61,131578,94],{"class":93},[61,131580,657],{"class":109},[61,131582,94],{"class":93},[61,131584,103],{"class":102},[61,131586,342],{"class":93},[61,131588,131589,131591,131593,131595,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608,131610,131612,131614],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,131590,90],{"class":89},[61,131592,94],{"class":93},[61,131594,1010],{"class":310},[61,131596,131597],{"class":314},"Hello ",[61,131599,3834],{"class":75},[61,131601,1010],{"class":310},[61,131603,229],{"class":93},[61,131605,129904],{"class":102},[61,131607,94],{"class":93},[61,131609,1010],{"class":310},[61,131611,7711],{"class":314},[61,131613,1010],{"class":310},[61,131615,342],{"class":93},[61,131617,131618,131620,131622,131624,131626,131628],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,131619,32181],{"class":89},[61,131621,94],{"class":93},[61,131623,185],{"class":109},[61,131625,229],{"class":93},[61,131627,129904],{"class":24778},[61,131629,258],{"class":93},[20,131631,131632],{},"Use them to check:",[164,131634,131635,131638,131641,131644],{},[167,131636,131637],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[167,131639,131640],{},"what type your value has",[167,131642,131643],{},"whether a small test example works",[167,131645,131646,131647],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131648,131649],{},"str.format",[47,131651,1879],{"id":1878},[260,131653,129685,131655,12742],{"id":131654},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131656,126184],{},[20,131658,131659],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[260,131661,131663],{"id":131662},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131665,131666,131667,131669],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131668,3834],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[260,131671,131673,131674,1916],{"id":131672},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131675,126184],{},[20,131677,131678,131679,131682],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131680,131681],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[260,131684,14930,131686,131688],{"id":131685},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131687,126184],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131690,131691,131692,131694],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131693,126184],{}," is still useful and common.",[47,131696,1938],{"id":1937},[164,131698,131699,131703,131707,131713,131719],{},[167,131700,131701],{},[221,131702,124936],{"href":50797},[167,131704,131705],{},[221,131706,90509],{"href":89518},[167,131708,131709],{},[221,131710,13,131711,1947],{"href":46464},[15,131712,46467],{},[167,131714,131715],{},[221,131716,13,131717,1947],{"href":42198},[15,131718,47696],{},[167,131720,131721],{},[221,131722,90232],{"href":90231},[1969,131724,131725],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":131727},[131728,131729,131731,131732,131733,131734,131735,131736,131738,131747,131748,131757],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":129971,"depth":79,"text":131730},"What the format() method does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":130252,"depth":79,"text":130253},{"id":130514,"depth":79,"text":130515},{"id":130745,"depth":79,"text":130746},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":131048,"depth":79,"text":131737},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":131739},[131740,131741,131742,131744,131746],{"id":131169,"depth":86,"text":131170},{"id":131286,"depth":86,"text":131287},{"id":131398,"depth":86,"text":131743},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131528,"depth":86,"text":131745},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131537,"depth":86,"text":131538},{"id":67720,"depth":79,"text":67721},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":131749},[131750,131752,131753,131755],{"id":131654,"depth":86,"text":131751},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131662,"depth":86,"text":131663},{"id":131672,"depth":86,"text":131754},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131685,"depth":86,"text":131756},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129831,"description":131758},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131765,"title":131766,"body":131767,"description":133247,"extension":2017,"meta":133248,"navigation":82,"path":133249,"seo":133250,"stem":133251,"__hash__":133252},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131768,"toc":133219},[131769,131774,131779,131784,131786,131848,131855,131861,131866,131868,131884,131886,131957,131959,131973,131976,132026,132028,132030,132057,132060,132075,132078,132119,132122,132167,132174,132223,132225,132233,132235,132253,132255,132348,132356,132397,132402,132409,132415,132422,132425,132429,132530,132532,132554,132558,132611,132614,132617,132623,132630,132632,132671,132673,132691,132701,132708,132791,132794,132801,132808,132815,132819,132827,132873,132877,132886,132951,132956,132961,132972,132974,132979,133006,133008,133111,133114,133134,133136,133141,133144,133148,133152,133159,133168,133174,133177,133183,133185,133187,133216],[10,131770,123181,131772,11352],{"id":131771},"python-string-index-method",[15,131773,58792],{},[20,131775,123186,131776,131778],{},[15,131777,58792],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131780,131781,131782,229],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131783,40730],{},[47,131785,2059],{"id":2058},[52,131787,131789],{"className":54,"code":131788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131790,131791,131803,131825,131835,131839,131843],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131792,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131794,450],{"class":67},[61,131796,72],{"class":71},[61,131798,311],{"class":310},[61,131800,60231],{"class":314},[61,131802,318],{"class":310},[61,131804,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131806,64745],{"class":67},[61,131808,72],{"class":71},[61,131810,42864],{"class":67},[61,131812,229],{"class":93},[61,131814,35872],{"class":102},[61,131816,94],{"class":93},[61,131818,1010],{"class":310},[61,131820,60416],{"class":314},[61,131822,1010],{"class":310},[61,131824,258],{"class":93},[61,131826,131827,131829,131831,131833],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,131828,90],{"class":89},[61,131830,94],{"class":93},[61,131832,64772],{"class":102},[61,131834,258],{"class":93},[61,131836,131837],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,131838,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,131840,131841],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,131842,90650],{"class":116},[61,131844,131845],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,131846,131847],{"class":116},"# 6\n",[20,131849,143,131850,131852,131853,229],{},[15,131851,58792],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131854,40730],{},[47,131856,151,131858,154],{"id":131857},"what-strindex-does",[15,131859,131860],{},"str.index()",[20,131862,131863,131865],{},[15,131864,131860],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131867,13078],{},[164,131869,131870,131873,131876,131879],{},[167,131871,131872],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[167,131874,131875],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[167,131877,131878],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[167,131880,30321,131881,131883],{},[15,131882,40730],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131885,295],{},[52,131887,131889],{"className":54,"code":131888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131890,131891,131903,131907,131932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131892,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131894,450],{"class":67},[61,131896,72],{"class":71},[61,131898,311],{"class":310},[61,131900,4127],{"class":314},[61,131902,318],{"class":310},[61,131904,131905],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131906,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,131908,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,131910,90],{"class":89},[61,131912,94],{"class":93},[61,131914,476],{"class":102},[61,131916,229],{"class":93},[61,131918,35872],{"class":102},[61,131920,94],{"class":93},[61,131922,1010],{"class":310},[61,131924,221],{"class":314},[61,131926,1010],{"class":310},[61,131928,113],{"class":93},[61,131930,131931],{"class":116},"     # 1\n",[61,131933,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946,131948,131950,131952,131954],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,131935,90],{"class":89},[61,131937,94],{"class":93},[61,131939,476],{"class":102},[61,131941,229],{"class":93},[61,131943,35872],{"class":102},[61,131945,94],{"class":93},[61,131947,1010],{"class":310},[61,131949,123274],{"class":314},[61,131951,1010],{"class":310},[61,131953,113],{"class":93},[61,131955,131956],{"class":116},"    # 2\n",[20,131958,2233],{},[164,131960,131961,131967],{},[167,131962,131963,128394,131965],{},[15,131964,18123],{},[15,131966,3035],{},[167,131968,131969,128394,131971],{},[15,131970,128393],{},[15,131972,2113],{},[20,131974,131975],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[52,131977,131979],{"className":54,"code":131978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131980,131981,131993,131997,132021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131982,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131984,450],{"class":67},[61,131986,72],{"class":71},[61,131988,311],{"class":310},[61,131990,34892],{"class":314},[61,131992,318],{"class":310},[61,131994,131995],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,131996,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,131998,131999,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,132000,90],{"class":89},[61,132002,94],{"class":93},[61,132004,476],{"class":102},[61,132006,229],{"class":93},[61,132008,35872],{"class":102},[61,132010,94],{"class":93},[61,132012,1010],{"class":310},[61,132014,51013],{"class":314},[61,132016,1010],{"class":310},[61,132018,113],{"class":93},[61,132020,20795],{"class":116},[61,132022,132023],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,132024,132025],{"class":116},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[47,132027,233],{"id":232},[20,132029,236],{},[52,132031,132033],{"className":54,"code":132032,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132034,132035],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132036,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132038,60999],{"class":67},[61,132040,229],{"class":93},[61,132042,35872],{"class":102},[61,132044,94],{"class":93},[61,132046,103],{"class":102},[61,132048,106],{"class":93},[61,132050,36078],{"class":102},[61,132052,106],{"class":93},[61,132054,64866],{"class":102},[61,132056,258],{"class":93},[20,132058,132059],{},"Parameters:",[164,132061,132062,132066,132070],{},[167,132063,132064,123373],{},[15,132065,103],{},[167,132067,132068,128440],{},[15,132069,36099],{},[167,132071,132072,132074],{},[15,132073,52483],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132076,132077],{},"You can use just the value:",[52,132079,132081],{"className":54,"code":132080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132082,132083,132095],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132084,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132086,450],{"class":67},[61,132088,72],{"class":71},[61,132090,311],{"class":310},[61,132092,56],{"class":314},[61,132094,318],{"class":310},[61,132096,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132098,90],{"class":89},[61,132100,94],{"class":93},[61,132102,476],{"class":102},[61,132104,229],{"class":93},[61,132106,35872],{"class":102},[61,132108,94],{"class":93},[61,132110,1010],{"class":310},[61,132112,63112],{"class":314},[61,132114,1010],{"class":310},[61,132116,113],{"class":93},[61,132118,51237],{"class":116},[20,132120,132121],{},"Or include a start position:",[52,132123,132125],{"className":54,"code":132124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132126,132127,132139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132128,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132130,450],{"class":67},[61,132132,72],{"class":71},[61,132134,311],{"class":310},[61,132136,4127],{"class":314},[61,132138,318],{"class":310},[61,132140,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132142,90],{"class":89},[61,132144,94],{"class":93},[61,132146,476],{"class":102},[61,132148,229],{"class":93},[61,132150,35872],{"class":102},[61,132152,94],{"class":93},[61,132154,1010],{"class":310},[61,132156,221],{"class":314},[61,132158,1010],{"class":310},[61,132160,106],{"class":93},[61,132162,3040],{"class":75},[61,132164,113],{"class":93},[61,132166,50592],{"class":116},[20,132168,132169,132170,749,132172,1314],{},"Or include both ",[15,132171,36099],{},[15,132173,52483],{},[52,132175,132177],{"className":54,"code":132176,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132178,132179,132191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132180,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132182,450],{"class":67},[61,132184,72],{"class":71},[61,132186,311],{"class":310},[61,132188,4127],{"class":314},[61,132190,318],{"class":310},[61,132192,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132194,90],{"class":89},[61,132196,94],{"class":93},[61,132198,476],{"class":102},[61,132200,229],{"class":93},[61,132202,35872],{"class":102},[61,132204,94],{"class":93},[61,132206,1010],{"class":310},[61,132208,221],{"class":314},[61,132210,1010],{"class":310},[61,132212,106],{"class":93},[61,132214,3040],{"class":75},[61,132216,106],{"class":93},[61,132218,4644],{"class":75},[61,132220,113],{"class":93},[61,132222,50592],{"class":116},[47,132224,38048],{"id":38047},[20,132226,28735,132227,132229,132230,229],{},[15,132228,58792],{}," is a ",[3784,132231,132232],{},"zero-based index",[20,132234,2162],{},[164,132236,132237,132243,132248],{},[167,132238,132239,132240,132242],{},"Index ",[15,132241,2175],{}," is the first character",[167,132244,132239,132245,132247],{},[15,132246,3035],{}," is the second character",[167,132249,132239,132250,132252],{},[15,132251,2113],{}," is the third character",[20,132254,295],{},[52,132256,132258],{"className":54,"code":132257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132259,132260,132272,132276,132300,132324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132261,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132263,450],{"class":67},[61,132265,72],{"class":71},[61,132267,311],{"class":310},[61,132269,37075],{"class":314},[61,132271,318],{"class":310},[61,132273,132274],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132275,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,132277,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,132279,90],{"class":89},[61,132281,94],{"class":93},[61,132283,476],{"class":102},[61,132285,229],{"class":93},[61,132287,35872],{"class":102},[61,132289,94],{"class":93},[61,132291,1010],{"class":310},[61,132293,1110],{"class":314},[61,132295,1010],{"class":310},[61,132297,113],{"class":93},[61,132299,51069],{"class":116},[61,132301,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,132303,90],{"class":89},[61,132305,94],{"class":93},[61,132307,476],{"class":102},[61,132309,229],{"class":93},[61,132311,35872],{"class":102},[61,132313,94],{"class":93},[61,132315,1010],{"class":310},[61,132317,221],{"class":314},[61,132319,1010],{"class":310},[61,132321,113],{"class":93},[61,132323,27806],{"class":116},[61,132325,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,132327,90],{"class":89},[61,132329,94],{"class":93},[61,132331,476],{"class":102},[61,132333,229],{"class":93},[61,132335,35872],{"class":102},[61,132337,94],{"class":93},[61,132339,1010],{"class":310},[61,132341,63112],{"class":314},[61,132343,1010],{"class":310},[61,132345,113],{"class":93},[61,132347,51237],{"class":116},[20,132349,132350,132352,132353,132355],{},[15,132351,58792],{}," returns only the ",[3784,132354,29936],{}," matching position.",[52,132357,132359],{"className":54,"code":132358,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132360,132361,132373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132362,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132364,450],{"class":67},[61,132366,72],{"class":71},[61,132368,311],{"class":310},[61,132370,4127],{"class":314},[61,132372,318],{"class":310},[61,132374,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132376,90],{"class":89},[61,132378,94],{"class":93},[61,132380,476],{"class":102},[61,132382,229],{"class":93},[61,132384,35872],{"class":102},[61,132386,94],{"class":93},[61,132388,1010],{"class":310},[61,132390,221],{"class":314},[61,132392,1010],{"class":310},[61,132394,113],{"class":93},[61,132396,27806],{"class":116},[20,132398,21005,132399,132401],{},[15,132400,18123],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132403,132404,132405,229],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[221,132406,132407,10770],{"href":124631},[15,132408,58414],{},[47,132410,8449,132411,749,132413],{"id":65232},[15,132412,36099],{},[15,132414,52483],{},[20,132416,2034,132417,749,132419,132421],{},[15,132418,36099],{},[15,132420,52483],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132423,132424],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132426,46055,132427,1314],{},[15,132428,36099],{},[52,132430,132432],{"className":54,"code":132431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132433,132434,132446,132450,132474,132502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132435,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132437,450],{"class":67},[61,132439,72],{"class":71},[61,132441,311],{"class":310},[61,132443,4127],{"class":314},[61,132445,318],{"class":310},[61,132447,132448],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132449,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,132451,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,132453,90],{"class":89},[61,132455,94],{"class":93},[61,132457,476],{"class":102},[61,132459,229],{"class":93},[61,132461,35872],{"class":102},[61,132463,94],{"class":93},[61,132465,1010],{"class":310},[61,132467,221],{"class":314},[61,132469,1010],{"class":310},[61,132471,113],{"class":93},[61,132473,50942],{"class":116},[61,132475,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,132477,90],{"class":89},[61,132479,94],{"class":93},[61,132481,476],{"class":102},[61,132483,229],{"class":93},[61,132485,35872],{"class":102},[61,132487,94],{"class":93},[61,132489,1010],{"class":310},[61,132491,221],{"class":314},[61,132493,1010],{"class":310},[61,132495,106],{"class":93},[61,132497,3040],{"class":75},[61,132499,113],{"class":93},[61,132501,50791],{"class":116},[61,132503,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,132505,90],{"class":89},[61,132507,94],{"class":93},[61,132509,476],{"class":102},[61,132511,229],{"class":93},[61,132513,35872],{"class":102},[61,132515,94],{"class":93},[61,132517,1010],{"class":310},[61,132519,221],{"class":314},[61,132521,1010],{"class":310},[61,132523,106],{"class":93},[61,132525,2505],{"class":75},[61,132527,113],{"class":93},[61,132529,50575],{"class":116},[20,132531,19984],{},[164,132533,132534,132541,132547],{},[167,132535,132536,132537,65422,132539],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132538,18123],{},[15,132540,3035],{},[167,132542,132543,132544,132546],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132545,2113],{}," skips that first match",[167,132548,132543,132549,132551,132552],{},[15,132550,2552],{}," finds the last ",[15,132553,18123],{},[20,132555,46055,132556,1314],{},[15,132557,52483],{},[52,132559,132561],{"className":54,"code":132560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132562,132563,132575,132579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132564,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132566,450],{"class":67},[61,132568,72],{"class":71},[61,132570,311],{"class":310},[61,132572,4127],{"class":314},[61,132574,318],{"class":310},[61,132576,132577],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132578,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,132580,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,132582,90],{"class":89},[61,132584,94],{"class":93},[61,132586,476],{"class":102},[61,132588,229],{"class":93},[61,132590,35872],{"class":102},[61,132592,94],{"class":93},[61,132594,1010],{"class":310},[61,132596,75856],{"class":314},[61,132598,1010],{"class":310},[61,132600,106],{"class":93},[61,132602,3876],{"class":75},[61,132604,106],{"class":93},[61,132606,2505],{"class":75},[61,132608,113],{"class":93},[61,132610,51237],{"class":116},[20,132612,132613],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132615,132616],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[47,132618,44233,132620,132622],{"id":132619},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132621,58792],{}," causes an error",[20,132624,132625,132626,52317,132628,229],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132627,58792],{},[15,132629,40730],{},[20,132631,295],{},[52,132633,132635],{"className":54,"code":132634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132636,132637,132649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132638,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132640,450],{"class":67},[61,132642,72],{"class":71},[61,132644,311],{"class":310},[61,132646,457],{"class":314},[61,132648,318],{"class":310},[61,132650,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132652,90],{"class":89},[61,132654,94],{"class":93},[61,132656,476],{"class":102},[61,132658,229],{"class":93},[61,132660,35872],{"class":102},[61,132662,94],{"class":93},[61,132664,1010],{"class":310},[61,132666,22105],{"class":314},[61,132668,1010],{"class":310},[61,132670,342],{"class":93},[20,132672,345],{},[52,132674,132676],{"className":54,"code":132675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132677,132678],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132679,132680,132682,132684,132687,132689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132681,40730],{"class":109},[61,132683,1314],{"class":93},[61,132685,132686],{"class":67}," substring ",[61,132688,4670],{"class":71},[61,132690,65655],{"class":67},[20,132692,53164,132693,126147,132698,132700],{},[221,132694,132695],{"href":129825},[15,132696,132697],{},"str.find()",[15,132699,65680],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132702,132703,132704,749,132706,1314],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132705,29831],{},[15,132707,29862],{},[52,132709,132711],{"className":54,"code":132710,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132712,132713,132725,132729,132735,132758,132768,132776],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132714,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132716,450],{"class":67},[61,132718,72],{"class":71},[61,132720,311],{"class":310},[61,132722,457],{"class":314},[61,132724,318],{"class":310},[61,132726,132727],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132728,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,132730,132731,132733],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,132732,29831],{"class":672},[61,132734,6433],{"class":93},[61,132736,132737,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,132738,132739],{"class":67},"    position ",[61,132741,72],{"class":71},[61,132743,42864],{"class":67},[61,132745,229],{"class":93},[61,132747,35872],{"class":102},[61,132749,94],{"class":93},[61,132751,1010],{"class":310},[61,132753,22105],{"class":314},[61,132755,1010],{"class":310},[61,132757,258],{"class":93},[61,132759,132760,132762,132764,132766],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,132761,1141],{"class":89},[61,132763,94],{"class":93},[61,132765,64772],{"class":102},[61,132767,258],{"class":93},[61,132769,132770,132772,132774],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,132771,29862],{"class":672},[61,132773,41949],{"class":109},[61,132775,6433],{"class":93},[61,132777,132778,132780,132782,132784,132787,132789],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,132779,1141],{"class":89},[61,132781,94],{"class":93},[61,132783,1010],{"class":310},[61,132785,132786],{"class":314},"Substring not found",[61,132788,1010],{"class":310},[61,132790,258],{"class":93},[20,132792,132793],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132795,41969,132796,229],{},[221,132797,25708,132799],{"href":132798},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132800,129152],{},[47,132802,132804,741,132806],{"id":132803},"index-vs-find",[15,132805,58792],{},[15,132807,124176],{},[20,132809,132810,749,132812,132814],{},[15,132811,58792],{},[15,132813,124176],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[260,132816,132817],{"id":35872},[15,132818,58792],{},[164,132820,132821,132824],{},[167,132822,132823],{},"Returns the first match position",[167,132825,132826],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[52,132828,132830],{"className":54,"code":132829,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132831,132832,132844,132868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132833,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132835,450],{"class":67},[61,132837,72],{"class":71},[61,132839,311],{"class":310},[61,132841,457],{"class":314},[61,132843,318],{"class":310},[61,132845,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132847,90],{"class":89},[61,132849,94],{"class":93},[61,132851,476],{"class":102},[61,132853,229],{"class":93},[61,132855,35872],{"class":102},[61,132857,94],{"class":93},[61,132859,1010],{"class":310},[61,132861,60272],{"class":314},[61,132863,1010],{"class":310},[61,132865,113],{"class":93},[61,132867,27806],{"class":116},[61,132869,132870],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,132871,132872],{"class":116},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[260,132874,132875],{"id":128206},[15,132876,124176],{},[164,132878,132879,132881],{},[167,132880,132823],{},[167,132882,172,132883,132885],{},[15,132884,65680],{}," if nothing is found",[52,132887,132889],{"className":54,"code":132888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132890,132891,132903,132927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132892,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132894,450],{"class":67},[61,132896,72],{"class":71},[61,132898,311],{"class":310},[61,132900,457],{"class":314},[61,132902,318],{"class":310},[61,132904,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,132906,90],{"class":89},[61,132908,94],{"class":93},[61,132910,476],{"class":102},[61,132912,229],{"class":93},[61,132914,128206],{"class":102},[61,132916,94],{"class":93},[61,132918,1010],{"class":310},[61,132920,60272],{"class":314},[61,132922,1010],{"class":310},[61,132924,113],{"class":93},[61,132926,27806],{"class":116},[61,132928,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945,132947,132949],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,132930,90],{"class":89},[61,132932,94],{"class":93},[61,132934,476],{"class":102},[61,132936,229],{"class":93},[61,132938,128206],{"class":102},[61,132940,94],{"class":93},[61,132942,1010],{"class":310},[61,132944,22105],{"class":314},[61,132946,1010],{"class":310},[61,132948,113],{"class":93},[61,132950,128562],{"class":116},[20,132952,143,132953,132955],{},[15,132954,58792],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132957,143,132958,132960],{},[15,132959,124176],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132962,132963,132964,31,132969,229],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[221,132965,132966,132968],{"href":129825},[15,132967,132697],{}," method reference",[221,132970,127217],{"href":132971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[47,132973,2878],{"id":2877},[20,132975,132976,132977,1314],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132978,58792],{},[164,132980,132981,132984,132991,132996,133001],{},[167,132982,132983],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[167,132985,8485,132986,8488,132988,132990],{},[15,132987,58792],{},[15,132989,65680],{}," when no match exists",[167,132992,8449,132993,132995],{},[15,132994,58792],{}," on a value that may not be present",[167,132997,132998,132999],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133000,3035],{},[167,133002,4618,133003,133005],{},[15,133004,58792],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133007,62120],{},[52,133009,133011],{"className":54,"code":133010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133012,133013,133023,133037,133059,133081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133014,133015,133017,133019,133021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133016,90],{"class":89},[61,133018,94],{"class":93},[61,133020,476],{"class":102},[61,133022,258],{"class":93},[61,133024,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,133026,90],{"class":89},[61,133028,94],{"class":93},[61,133030,1804],{"class":89},[61,133032,94],{"class":93},[61,133034,476],{"class":102},[61,133036,342],{"class":93},[61,133038,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,133040,90],{"class":89},[61,133042,94],{"class":93},[61,133044,476],{"class":102},[61,133046,229],{"class":93},[61,133048,35872],{"class":102},[61,133050,94],{"class":93},[61,133052,1010],{"class":310},[61,133054,103],{"class":314},[61,133056,1010],{"class":310},[61,133058,342],{"class":93},[61,133060,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,133062,90],{"class":89},[61,133064,94],{"class":93},[61,133066,476],{"class":102},[61,133068,229],{"class":93},[61,133070,128206],{"class":102},[61,133072,94],{"class":93},[61,133074,1010],{"class":310},[61,133076,103],{"class":314},[61,133078,1010],{"class":310},[61,133080,342],{"class":93},[61,133082,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133101,133103,133105,133107,133109],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,133084,90],{"class":89},[61,133086,94],{"class":93},[61,133088,476],{"class":102},[61,133090,229],{"class":93},[61,133092,35872],{"class":102},[61,133094,94],{"class":93},[61,133096,1010],{"class":310},[61,133098,103],{"class":314},[61,133100,1010],{"class":310},[61,133102,106],{"class":93},[61,133104,36078],{"class":102},[61,133106,106],{"class":93},[61,133108,64866],{"class":102},[61,133110,342],{"class":93},[20,133112,133113],{},"Tips:",[164,133115,133116,133121,133126,133129],{},[167,133117,143,133118,133120],{},[15,133119,126103],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[167,133122,143,133123,133125],{},[15,133124,124176],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[167,133127,133128],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[167,133130,133131,133132],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133133,2175],{},[47,133135,1879],{"id":1878},[260,133137,129685,133139,12742],{"id":133138},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133140,58792],{},[20,133142,133143],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[260,133145,133147],{"id":133146},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133149,76684,133150,229],{},[15,133151,40730],{},[260,133153,1911,133155,749,133157,1916],{"id":133154},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133156,58792],{},[15,133158,124176],{},[20,133160,133161,133163,133164,2446,133166,1649],{},[15,133162,58792],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133165,124176],{},[15,133167,65680],{},[260,133169,1898,133171,133173],{"id":133170},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133172,58792],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133175,133176],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[260,133178,133180,133181,124517],{"id":133179},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133182,58792],{},[20,133184,129710],{},[47,133186,1938],{"id":1937},[164,133188,133189,133195,133199,133204,133210],{},[167,133190,133191],{},[221,133192,133193,10770],{"href":129825},[15,133194,132697],{},[167,133196,133197],{},[221,133198,124580],{"href":132971},[167,133200,133201],{},[221,133202,129786],{"href":133203},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[167,133205,133206],{},[221,133207,133208,10770],{"href":124631},[15,133209,58414],{},[167,133211,133212],{},[221,133213,30375,133214],{"href":132798},[15,133215,129152],{},[1969,133217,133218],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":133220},[133221,133222,133224,133225,133226,133227,133229,133234,133235,133246],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":131857,"depth":79,"text":133223},"What str.index() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":38047,"depth":79,"text":38048},{"id":65232,"depth":79,"text":66015},{"id":132619,"depth":79,"text":133228},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132803,"depth":79,"text":133230,"children":133231},"index() vs find()",[133232,133233],{"id":35872,"depth":86,"text":58792},{"id":128206,"depth":86,"text":124176},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":133236},[133237,133239,133240,133242,133244],{"id":133138,"depth":86,"text":133238},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133146,"depth":86,"text":133147},{"id":133154,"depth":86,"text":133241},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133170,"depth":86,"text":133243},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133179,"depth":86,"text":133245},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131766,"description":133247},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133254,"title":133255,"body":133256,"description":136031,"extension":2017,"meta":136032,"navigation":82,"path":136033,"seo":136034,"stem":136035,"__hash__":136036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133257,"toc":135967},[133258,133264,133269,133272,133275,133286,133288,133357,133359,133373,133378,133383,133388,133390,133433,133435,133518,133520,133566,133572,133574,133576,133596,133598,133621,133623,133697,133699,133718,133723,133725,133729,133801,133803,133817,133821,133897,133899,133918,133922,134016,134018,134027,134034,134110,134112,134130,134134,134137,134144,134193,134195,134204,134211,134270,134272,134290,134293,134300,134359,134361,134379,134386,134443,134445,134454,134458,134463,134467,134526,134528,134546,134550,134597,134602,134605,134674,134676,134693,134700,134706,134761,134766,134769,134846,134848,134866,134872,134878,134938,134940,134959,134965,134968,134975,135028,135033,135035,135096,135105,135112,135114,135171,135176,135178,135249,135253,135308,135310,135319,135324,135330,135399,135401,135433,135439,135447,135454,135460,135525,135527,135536,135542,135623,135625,135634,135639,135653,135660,135664,135669,135697,135699,135832,135835,135872,135874,135880,135889,135894,135897,135902,135907,135913,135916,135925,135928,135930,135959,135964],[10,133259,123181,133261,11352],{"id":133260},"python-string-join-method",[15,133262,133263],{},"join()",[20,133265,123186,133266,133268],{},[15,133267,133263],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133270,133271],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133273,133274],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[164,133276,133277,133283],{},[167,133278,133279,133280,133282],{},"You call ",[15,133281,133263],{}," on the separator string",[167,133284,133285],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[47,133287,50],{"id":49},[52,133289,133291],{"className":54,"code":133290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133292,133293,133326,133347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133294,133295,133297,133299,133301,133303,133305,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133322,133324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133296,4109],{"class":67},[61,133298,72],{"class":71},[61,133300,1088],{"class":93},[61,133302,1010],{"class":310},[61,133304,7331],{"class":314},[61,133306,1010],{"class":310},[61,133308,106],{"class":93},[61,133310,311],{"class":310},[61,133312,1199],{"class":314},[61,133314,1010],{"class":310},[61,133316,106],{"class":93},[61,133318,311],{"class":310},[61,133320,133321],{"class":314},"fun",[61,133323,1010],{"class":310},[61,133325,1115],{"class":93},[61,133327,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133341,133343,133345],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,133329,1593],{"class":67},[61,133331,72],{"class":71},[61,133333,311],{"class":310},[61,133335,311],{"class":310},[61,133337,229],{"class":93},[61,133339,133340],{"class":102},"join",[61,133342,94],{"class":93},[61,133344,4153],{"class":102},[61,133346,258],{"class":93},[61,133348,133349,133351,133353,133355],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,133350,90],{"class":89},[61,133352,94],{"class":93},[61,133354,1620],{"class":102},[61,133356,258],{"class":93},[20,133358,345],{},[52,133360,133362],{"className":54,"code":133361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python is fun\n",[15,133363,133364],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133365,133366,133368,133370],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133367,13],{"class":67},[61,133369,1199],{"class":71},[61,133371,133372],{"class":67}," fun\n",[20,133374,143,133375,133377],{},[15,133376,133263],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[47,133379,151,133381,154],{"id":133380},"what-join-does",[15,133382,133263],{},[20,133384,133385,133387],{},[15,133386,133263],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133389,11488],{},[164,133391,133392,133399,133427,133430],{},[167,133393,133394,133395,133398],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133396,133397],{},".join()"," as the separator",[167,133400,133401,133402],{},"Common separators are:\n",[164,133403,133404,133410,133416,133422],{},[167,133405,133406,133409],{},[15,133407,133408],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[167,133411,133412,133415],{},[15,133413,133414],{},"\", \""," for commas",[167,133417,133418,133421],{},[15,133419,133420],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[167,133423,133424,133426],{},[15,133425,6311],{}," for no separator",[167,133428,133429],{},"It returns a new string",[167,133431,133432],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133434,295],{},[52,133436,133438],{"className":54,"code":133437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133439,133440,133472,133494,133498,133508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133441,133442,133444,133446,133448,133450,133452,133454,133456,133458,133460,133462,133464,133466,133468,133470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133443,4109],{"class":67},[61,133445,72],{"class":71},[61,133447,1088],{"class":93},[61,133449,1010],{"class":310},[61,133451,13119],{"class":314},[61,133453,1010],{"class":310},[61,133455,106],{"class":93},[61,133457,311],{"class":310},[61,133459,17482],{"class":314},[61,133461,1010],{"class":310},[61,133463,106],{"class":93},[61,133465,311],{"class":310},[61,133467,13136],{"class":314},[61,133469,1010],{"class":310},[61,133471,1115],{"class":93},[61,133473,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,133475,1593],{"class":67},[61,133477,72],{"class":71},[61,133479,311],{"class":310},[61,133481,186],{"class":314},[61,133483,1010],{"class":310},[61,133485,229],{"class":93},[61,133487,133340],{"class":102},[61,133489,94],{"class":93},[61,133491,4153],{"class":102},[61,133493,258],{"class":93},[61,133495,133496],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,133497,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,133499,133500,133502,133504,133506],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,133501,90],{"class":89},[61,133503,94],{"class":93},[61,133505,1620],{"class":102},[61,133507,258],{"class":93},[61,133509,133510,133512,133514,133516],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,133511,90],{"class":89},[61,133513,94],{"class":93},[61,133515,4153],{"class":102},[61,133517,258],{"class":93},[20,133519,345],{},[52,133521,133523],{"className":54,"code":133522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133524,133525,133538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133526,133527,133529,133531,133534,133536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133528,13119],{"class":67},[61,133530,106],{"class":93},[61,133532,133533],{"class":67}," green",[61,133535,106],{"class":93},[61,133537,35907],{"class":67},[61,133539,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,133541,1356],{"class":93},[61,133543,3348],{"class":310},[61,133545,13119],{"class":314},[61,133547,3348],{"class":310},[61,133549,106],{"class":93},[61,133551,3343],{"class":310},[61,133553,17482],{"class":314},[61,133555,3348],{"class":310},[61,133557,106],{"class":93},[61,133559,3343],{"class":310},[61,133561,13136],{"class":314},[61,133563,3348],{"class":310},[61,133565,1115],{"class":93},[20,133567,133568,133569,133571],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133570,133263],{}," creates a new string.",[47,133573,233],{"id":232},[20,133575,7252],{},[52,133577,133579],{"className":54,"code":133578,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133580,133581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133582,133583,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133584,133585],{"class":67},"separator",[61,133587,229],{"class":93},[61,133589,133340],{"class":102},[61,133591,94],{"class":93},[61,133593,3761],{"class":102},[61,133595,258],{"class":93},[260,133597,263],{"id":262},[164,133599,133600,133613,133618],{},[167,133601,133602,133604,133605,186,133607,186,133609,283,133611],{},[15,133603,133585],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133606,133408],{},[15,133608,133414],{},[15,133610,133420],{},[15,133612,6311],{},[167,133614,133615,133617],{},[15,133616,3761],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[167,133619,133620],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133622,295],{},[52,133624,133626],{"className":54,"code":133625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133627,133628,133660,133683,133687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133629,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133631,5035],{"class":67},[61,133633,72],{"class":71},[61,133635,1088],{"class":93},[61,133637,1010],{"class":310},[61,133639,1319],{"class":314},[61,133641,1010],{"class":310},[61,133643,106],{"class":93},[61,133645,311],{"class":310},[61,133647,35967],{"class":314},[61,133649,1010],{"class":310},[61,133651,106],{"class":93},[61,133653,311],{"class":310},[61,133655,35976],{"class":314},[61,133657,1010],{"class":310},[61,133659,1115],{"class":93},[61,133661,133662,133664,133666,133668,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,133663,1593],{"class":67},[61,133665,72],{"class":71},[61,133667,311],{"class":310},[61,133669,133670],{"class":314}," | ",[61,133672,1010],{"class":310},[61,133674,229],{"class":93},[61,133676,133340],{"class":102},[61,133678,94],{"class":93},[61,133680,5079],{"class":102},[61,133682,258],{"class":93},[61,133684,133685],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,133686,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,133688,133689,133691,133693,133695],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,133690,90],{"class":89},[61,133692,94],{"class":93},[61,133694,1620],{"class":102},[61,133696,258],{"class":93},[20,133698,345],{},[52,133700,133702],{"className":54,"code":133701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133703,133704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133705,133706,133709,133711,133714,133716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133707,133708],{"class":67},"Ana ",[61,133710,113688],{"class":71},[61,133712,133713],{"class":67}," Ben ",[61,133715,113688],{"class":71},[61,133717,36048],{"class":67},[20,133719,133720,133721,229],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[221,133722,124936],{"href":50797},[47,133724,121712],{"id":121711},[260,133726,133728],{"id":133727},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[52,133730,133732],{"className":54,"code":133731,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133733,133734,133767,133787,133791],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133735,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133763,133765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133737,4109],{"class":67},[61,133739,72],{"class":71},[61,133741,1088],{"class":93},[61,133743,1010],{"class":310},[61,133745,7331],{"class":314},[61,133747,1010],{"class":310},[61,133749,106],{"class":93},[61,133751,311],{"class":310},[61,133753,1199],{"class":314},[61,133755,1010],{"class":310},[61,133757,106],{"class":93},[61,133759,311],{"class":310},[61,133761,133762],{"class":314},"easy",[61,133764,1010],{"class":310},[61,133766,1115],{"class":93},[61,133768,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,133770,1593],{"class":67},[61,133772,72],{"class":71},[61,133774,311],{"class":310},[61,133776,311],{"class":310},[61,133778,229],{"class":93},[61,133780,133340],{"class":102},[61,133782,94],{"class":93},[61,133784,4153],{"class":102},[61,133786,258],{"class":93},[61,133788,133789],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,133790,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,133792,133793,133795,133797,133799],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,133794,90],{"class":89},[61,133796,94],{"class":93},[61,133798,1620],{"class":102},[61,133800,258],{"class":93},[20,133802,345],{},[52,133804,133806],{"className":54,"code":133805,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python is easy\n",[15,133807,133808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133809,133810,133812,133814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133811,13],{"class":67},[61,133813,1199],{"class":71},[61,133815,133816],{"class":67}," easy\n",[260,133818,133820],{"id":133819},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[52,133822,133824],{"className":54,"code":133823,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133825,133826,133861,133883,133887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133827,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133839,133841,133843,133845,133848,133850,133852,133854,133857,133859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133829,7814],{"class":67},[61,133831,72],{"class":71},[61,133833,1088],{"class":93},[61,133835,1010],{"class":310},[61,133837,133838],{"class":314},"apples",[61,133840,1010],{"class":310},[61,133842,106],{"class":93},[61,133844,311],{"class":310},[61,133846,133847],{"class":314},"bananas",[61,133849,1010],{"class":310},[61,133851,106],{"class":93},[61,133853,311],{"class":310},[61,133855,133856],{"class":314},"oranges",[61,133858,1010],{"class":310},[61,133860,1115],{"class":93},[61,133862,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,133864,1593],{"class":67},[61,133866,72],{"class":71},[61,133868,311],{"class":310},[61,133870,186],{"class":314},[61,133872,1010],{"class":310},[61,133874,229],{"class":93},[61,133876,133340],{"class":102},[61,133878,94],{"class":93},[61,133880,7845],{"class":102},[61,133882,258],{"class":93},[61,133884,133885],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,133886,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,133888,133889,133891,133893,133895],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,133890,90],{"class":89},[61,133892,94],{"class":93},[61,133894,1620],{"class":102},[61,133896,258],{"class":93},[20,133898,345],{},[52,133900,133902],{"className":54,"code":133901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133903,133904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133905,133906,133908,133910,133913,133915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133907,133838],{"class":67},[61,133909,106],{"class":93},[61,133911,133912],{"class":67}," bananas",[61,133914,106],{"class":93},[61,133916,133917],{"class":67}," oranges\n",[260,133919,133921],{"id":133920},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[52,133923,133925],{"className":54,"code":133924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133926,133927,133984,134002,134006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133928,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133930,36117],{"class":67},[61,133932,72],{"class":71},[61,133934,1088],{"class":93},[61,133936,1010],{"class":310},[61,133938,133939],{"class":314},"P",[61,133941,1010],{"class":310},[61,133943,106],{"class":93},[61,133945,311],{"class":310},[61,133947,11772],{"class":314},[61,133949,1010],{"class":310},[61,133951,106],{"class":93},[61,133953,311],{"class":310},[61,133955,63112],{"class":314},[61,133957,1010],{"class":310},[61,133959,106],{"class":93},[61,133961,311],{"class":310},[61,133963,60263],{"class":314},[61,133965,1010],{"class":310},[61,133967,106],{"class":93},[61,133969,311],{"class":310},[61,133971,60298],{"class":314},[61,133973,1010],{"class":310},[61,133975,106],{"class":93},[61,133977,311],{"class":310},[61,133979,75856],{"class":314},[61,133981,1010],{"class":310},[61,133983,1115],{"class":93},[61,133985,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,133987,1593],{"class":67},[61,133989,72],{"class":71},[61,133991,6165],{"class":310},[61,133993,229],{"class":93},[61,133995,133340],{"class":102},[61,133997,94],{"class":93},[61,133999,36170],{"class":102},[61,134001,258],{"class":93},[61,134003,134004],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,134005,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,134007,134008,134010,134012,134014],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,134009,90],{"class":89},[61,134011,94],{"class":93},[61,134013,1620],{"class":102},[61,134015,258],{"class":93},[20,134017,345],{},[52,134019,134021],{"className":54,"code":134020,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python\n",[15,134022,134023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134024,134025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134026,134020],{"class":67},[260,134028,134030,134031,134033],{"id":134029},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134032,133263],{}," returns the result",[52,134035,134037],{"className":54,"code":134036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134038,134039,134072,134095,134099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134040,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134068,134070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134042,4109],{"class":67},[61,134044,72],{"class":71},[61,134046,1088],{"class":93},[61,134048,1010],{"class":310},[61,134050,6620],{"class":314},[61,134052,1010],{"class":310},[61,134054,106],{"class":93},[61,134056,311],{"class":310},[61,134058,79097],{"class":314},[61,134060,1010],{"class":310},[61,134062,106],{"class":93},[61,134064,311],{"class":310},[61,134066,134067],{"class":314},"three",[61,134069,1010],{"class":310},[61,134071,1115],{"class":93},[61,134073,134074,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134075,134076],{"class":67},"joined_text ",[61,134078,72],{"class":71},[61,134080,311],{"class":310},[61,134082,2078],{"class":314},[61,134084,1010],{"class":310},[61,134086,229],{"class":93},[61,134088,133340],{"class":102},[61,134090,94],{"class":93},[61,134092,4153],{"class":102},[61,134094,258],{"class":93},[61,134096,134097],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,134098,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,134100,134101,134103,134105,134108],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,134102,90],{"class":89},[61,134104,94],{"class":93},[61,134106,134107],{"class":102},"joined_text",[61,134109,258],{"class":93},[20,134111,345],{},[52,134113,134115],{"className":54,"code":134114,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"one-two-three\n",[15,134116,134117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134118,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134120,6620],{"class":67},[61,134122,2078],{"class":71},[61,134124,79097],{"class":67},[61,134126,2078],{"class":71},[61,134128,134129],{"class":67},"three\n",[47,134131,134133],{"id":134132},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134135,134136],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[260,134138,134140,134143],{"id":134139},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134141,134142],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[52,134145,134147],{"className":54,"code":134146,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134148,134149,134173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134150,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134152,4109],{"class":67},[61,134154,72],{"class":71},[61,134156,1088],{"class":93},[61,134158,1010],{"class":310},[61,134160,457],{"class":314},[61,134162,1010],{"class":310},[61,134164,106],{"class":93},[61,134166,311],{"class":310},[61,134168,60416],{"class":314},[61,134170,1010],{"class":310},[61,134172,1115],{"class":93},[61,134174,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134176,90],{"class":89},[61,134178,94],{"class":93},[61,134180,1010],{"class":310},[61,134182,311],{"class":310},[61,134184,229],{"class":93},[61,134186,133340],{"class":102},[61,134188,94],{"class":93},[61,134190,4153],{"class":102},[61,134192,342],{"class":93},[20,134194,345],{},[52,134196,134198],{"className":54,"code":134197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\n",[15,134199,134200],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134201,134202],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134203,134197],{"class":67},[260,134205,134207,134210],{"id":134206},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134208,134209],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[52,134212,134214],{"className":54,"code":134213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134215,134216,134248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134217,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134219,13102],{"class":67},[61,134221,72],{"class":71},[61,134223,1088],{"class":93},[61,134225,1010],{"class":310},[61,134227,13119],{"class":314},[61,134229,1010],{"class":310},[61,134231,106],{"class":93},[61,134233,311],{"class":310},[61,134235,13136],{"class":314},[61,134237,1010],{"class":310},[61,134239,106],{"class":93},[61,134241,311],{"class":310},[61,134243,17482],{"class":314},[61,134245,1010],{"class":310},[61,134247,1115],{"class":93},[61,134249,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134251,90],{"class":89},[61,134253,94],{"class":93},[61,134255,1010],{"class":310},[61,134257,186],{"class":314},[61,134259,1010],{"class":310},[61,134261,229],{"class":93},[61,134263,133340],{"class":102},[61,134265,94],{"class":93},[61,134267,17529],{"class":102},[61,134269,342],{"class":93},[20,134271,345],{},[52,134273,134275],{"className":54,"code":134274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134276,134277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134278,134279,134281,134283,134286,134288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134280,13119],{"class":67},[61,134282,106],{"class":93},[61,134284,134285],{"class":67}," blue",[61,134287,106],{"class":93},[61,134289,35900],{"class":67},[20,134291,134292],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[260,134294,134296,134299],{"id":134295},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134297,134298],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[52,134301,134303],{"className":54,"code":134302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134304,134305,134337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134306,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134308,42859],{"class":67},[61,134310,72],{"class":71},[61,134312,1088],{"class":93},[61,134314,1010],{"class":310},[61,134316,56],{"class":314},[61,134318,1010],{"class":310},[61,134320,106],{"class":93},[61,134322,311],{"class":310},[61,134324,60999],{"class":314},[61,134326,1010],{"class":310},[61,134328,106],{"class":93},[61,134330,311],{"class":310},[61,134332,133340],{"class":314},[61,134334,1010],{"class":310},[61,134336,1115],{"class":93},[61,134338,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134340,90],{"class":89},[61,134342,94],{"class":93},[61,134344,1010],{"class":310},[61,134346,2078],{"class":314},[61,134348,1010],{"class":310},[61,134350,229],{"class":93},[61,134352,133340],{"class":102},[61,134354,94],{"class":93},[61,134356,42891],{"class":102},[61,134358,342],{"class":93},[20,134360,345],{},[52,134362,134364],{"className":54,"code":134363,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"python-string-join\n",[15,134365,134366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134367,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134369,56],{"class":67},[61,134371,2078],{"class":71},[61,134373,60999],{"class":67},[61,134375,2078],{"class":71},[61,134377,134378],{"class":67},"join\n",[260,134380,134382,134385],{"id":134381},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134383,134384],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[52,134387,134389],{"className":54,"code":134388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134390,134391,134424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134392,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134420,134422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134394,112760],{"class":67},[61,134396,72],{"class":71},[61,134398,1088],{"class":93},[61,134400,1010],{"class":310},[61,134402,22273],{"class":314},[61,134404,1010],{"class":310},[61,134406,106],{"class":93},[61,134408,311],{"class":310},[61,134410,30628],{"class":314},[61,134412,1010],{"class":310},[61,134414,106],{"class":93},[61,134416,311],{"class":310},[61,134418,134419],{"class":314},"C",[61,134421,1010],{"class":310},[61,134423,1115],{"class":93},[61,134425,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134441],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134427,90],{"class":89},[61,134429,94],{"class":93},[61,134431,6311],{"class":310},[61,134433,229],{"class":93},[61,134435,133340],{"class":102},[61,134437,94],{"class":93},[61,134439,134440],{"class":102},"chars",[61,134442,342],{"class":93},[20,134444,345],{},[52,134446,134448],{"className":54,"code":134447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ABC\n",[15,134449,134450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134451,134452],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134453,134447],{"class":34483},[47,134455,134457],{"id":134456},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134459,134460,134462],{},[15,134461,133263],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[260,134464,134466],{"id":134465},"this-works","This works",[52,134468,134470],{"className":54,"code":134469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134471,134472,134504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134473,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134475,3865],{"class":67},[61,134477,72],{"class":71},[61,134479,1088],{"class":93},[61,134481,1010],{"class":310},[61,134483,2379],{"class":314},[61,134485,1010],{"class":310},[61,134487,106],{"class":93},[61,134489,311],{"class":310},[61,134491,15782],{"class":314},[61,134493,1010],{"class":310},[61,134495,106],{"class":93},[61,134497,311],{"class":310},[61,134499,36869],{"class":314},[61,134501,1010],{"class":310},[61,134503,1115],{"class":93},[61,134505,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134507,90],{"class":89},[61,134509,94],{"class":93},[61,134511,1010],{"class":310},[61,134513,186],{"class":314},[61,134515,1010],{"class":310},[61,134517,229],{"class":93},[61,134519,133340],{"class":102},[61,134521,94],{"class":93},[61,134523,5396],{"class":102},[61,134525,342],{"class":93},[20,134527,345],{},[52,134529,134531],{"className":54,"code":134530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134532,134533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134534,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134536,2379],{"class":75},[61,134538,106],{"class":93},[61,134540,7825],{"class":75},[61,134542,106],{"class":93},[61,134544,134545],{"class":75}," 30\n",[260,134547,134549],{"id":134548},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[52,134551,134553],{"className":54,"code":134552,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134554,134555,134575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134556,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134558,3865],{"class":67},[61,134560,72],{"class":71},[61,134562,1088],{"class":93},[61,134564,3035],{"class":75},[61,134566,106],{"class":93},[61,134568,3040],{"class":75},[61,134570,106],{"class":93},[61,134572,1020],{"class":75},[61,134574,1115],{"class":93},[61,134576,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134578,90],{"class":89},[61,134580,94],{"class":93},[61,134582,1010],{"class":310},[61,134584,186],{"class":314},[61,134586,1010],{"class":310},[61,134588,229],{"class":93},[61,134590,133340],{"class":102},[61,134592,94],{"class":93},[61,134594,5396],{"class":102},[61,134596,342],{"class":93},[20,134598,90137,134599,134601],{},[15,134600,1382],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134603,134604],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[52,134606,134608],{"className":54,"code":134607,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134609,134610,134630,134660,134664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134611,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134613,3865],{"class":67},[61,134615,72],{"class":71},[61,134617,1088],{"class":93},[61,134619,3035],{"class":75},[61,134621,106],{"class":93},[61,134623,3040],{"class":75},[61,134625,106],{"class":93},[61,134627,1020],{"class":75},[61,134629,1115],{"class":93},[61,134631,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134633,1593],{"class":67},[61,134635,72],{"class":71},[61,134637,311],{"class":310},[61,134639,186],{"class":314},[61,134641,1010],{"class":310},[61,134643,229],{"class":93},[61,134645,133340],{"class":102},[61,134647,94],{"class":93},[61,134649,39888],{"class":89},[61,134651,94],{"class":93},[61,134653,185],{"class":109},[61,134655,106],{"class":93},[61,134657,3927],{"class":102},[61,134659,342],{"class":93},[61,134661,134662],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,134663,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,134665,134666,134668,134670,134672],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,134667,90],{"class":89},[61,134669,94],{"class":93},[61,134671,1620],{"class":102},[61,134673,258],{"class":93},[20,134675,345],{},[52,134677,134679],{"className":54,"code":134678,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134680,134681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134682,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134684,3035],{"class":75},[61,134686,106],{"class":93},[61,134688,3040],{"class":75},[61,134690,106],{"class":93},[61,134692,2625],{"class":75},[20,134694,134695,134696,229],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[221,134697,13,134698,1947],{"href":42198},[15,134699,47696],{},[260,134701,134703,134705],{"id":134702},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134704,3820],{}," values do not work directly",[52,134707,134709],{"className":54,"code":134708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134710,134711,134739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134712,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134714,3865],{"class":67},[61,134716,72],{"class":71},[61,134718,1088],{"class":93},[61,134720,1010],{"class":310},[61,134722,4118],{"class":314},[61,134724,1010],{"class":310},[61,134726,106],{"class":93},[61,134728,3894],{"class":355},[61,134730,106],{"class":93},[61,134732,311],{"class":310},[61,134734,4127],{"class":314},[61,134736,1010],{"class":310},[61,134738,1115],{"class":93},[61,134740,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134742,90],{"class":89},[61,134744,94],{"class":93},[61,134746,1010],{"class":310},[61,134748,186],{"class":314},[61,134750,1010],{"class":310},[61,134752,229],{"class":93},[61,134754,133340],{"class":102},[61,134756,94],{"class":93},[61,134758,5396],{"class":102},[61,134760,342],{"class":93},[20,134762,134763,134764,229],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134765,1382],{},[20,134767,134768],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[52,134770,134772],{"className":54,"code":134771,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134773,134774,134802,134832,134836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134775,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134777,3865],{"class":67},[61,134779,72],{"class":71},[61,134781,1088],{"class":93},[61,134783,1010],{"class":310},[61,134785,4118],{"class":314},[61,134787,1010],{"class":310},[61,134789,106],{"class":93},[61,134791,3894],{"class":355},[61,134793,106],{"class":93},[61,134795,311],{"class":310},[61,134797,4127],{"class":314},[61,134799,1010],{"class":310},[61,134801,1115],{"class":93},[61,134803,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134805,1593],{"class":67},[61,134807,72],{"class":71},[61,134809,311],{"class":310},[61,134811,186],{"class":314},[61,134813,1010],{"class":310},[61,134815,229],{"class":93},[61,134817,133340],{"class":102},[61,134819,94],{"class":93},[61,134821,39888],{"class":89},[61,134823,94],{"class":93},[61,134825,185],{"class":109},[61,134827,106],{"class":93},[61,134829,3927],{"class":102},[61,134831,342],{"class":93},[61,134833,134834],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,134835,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,134837,134838,134840,134842,134844],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,134839,90],{"class":89},[61,134841,94],{"class":93},[61,134843,1620],{"class":102},[61,134845,258],{"class":93},[20,134847,345],{},[52,134849,134851],{"className":54,"code":134850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134852,134853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134854,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134856,4118],{"class":67},[61,134858,106],{"class":93},[61,134860,3894],{"class":355},[61,134862,106],{"class":93},[61,134864,134865],{"class":67}," banana\n",[20,134867,134868,134869,134871],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134870,3820],{}," values instead of converting them.",[260,134873,134875,134877],{"id":134874},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134876,133263],{}," also works with tuples",[52,134879,134881],{"className":54,"code":134880,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134882,134883,134915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134884,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134886,5035],{"class":67},[61,134888,72],{"class":71},[61,134890,572],{"class":93},[61,134892,1010],{"class":310},[61,134894,7711],{"class":314},[61,134896,1010],{"class":310},[61,134898,106],{"class":93},[61,134900,311],{"class":310},[61,134902,131269],{"class":314},[61,134904,1010],{"class":310},[61,134906,106],{"class":93},[61,134908,311],{"class":310},[61,134910,7956],{"class":314},[61,134912,1010],{"class":310},[61,134914,258],{"class":93},[61,134916,134917,134919,134921,134923,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,134918,90],{"class":89},[61,134920,94],{"class":93},[61,134922,1010],{"class":310},[61,134924,134925],{"class":314}," \u002F ",[61,134927,1010],{"class":310},[61,134929,229],{"class":93},[61,134931,133340],{"class":102},[61,134933,94],{"class":93},[61,134935,5079],{"class":102},[61,134937,342],{"class":93},[20,134939,345],{},[52,134941,134943],{"className":54,"code":134942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134944,134945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134946,134947,134950,134952,134955,134957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134948,134949],{"class":67},"Sam ",[61,134951,127073],{"class":71},[61,134953,134954],{"class":67}," Lee ",[61,134956,127073],{"class":71},[61,134958,22362],{"class":67},[47,134960,134962,134963],{"id":134961},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134964,133263],{},[20,134966,134967],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[260,134969,134971,134972,134974],{"id":134970},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134973,1382],{}," because not all items are strings",[52,134976,134978],{"className":54,"code":134977,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134979,134980,135008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134981,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134983,7814],{"class":67},[61,134985,72],{"class":71},[61,134987,1088],{"class":93},[61,134989,1010],{"class":310},[61,134991,221],{"class":314},[61,134993,1010],{"class":310},[61,134995,106],{"class":93},[61,134997,3040],{"class":75},[61,134999,106],{"class":93},[61,135001,311],{"class":310},[61,135003,1110],{"class":314},[61,135005,1010],{"class":310},[61,135007,1115],{"class":93},[61,135009,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135011,90],{"class":89},[61,135013,94],{"class":93},[61,135015,1010],{"class":310},[61,135017,311],{"class":310},[61,135019,229],{"class":93},[61,135021,133340],{"class":102},[61,135023,94],{"class":93},[61,135025,7845],{"class":102},[61,135027,342],{"class":93},[20,135029,48522,135030,135032],{},[15,135031,2113],{}," is an integer.",[20,135034,39290],{},[52,135036,135038],{"className":54,"code":135037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135039,135040,135068],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135041,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135043,7814],{"class":67},[61,135045,72],{"class":71},[61,135047,1088],{"class":93},[61,135049,1010],{"class":310},[61,135051,221],{"class":314},[61,135053,1010],{"class":310},[61,135055,106],{"class":93},[61,135057,3040],{"class":75},[61,135059,106],{"class":93},[61,135061,311],{"class":310},[61,135063,1110],{"class":314},[61,135065,1010],{"class":310},[61,135067,1115],{"class":93},[61,135069,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135071,90],{"class":89},[61,135073,94],{"class":93},[61,135075,1010],{"class":310},[61,135077,311],{"class":310},[61,135079,229],{"class":93},[61,135081,133340],{"class":102},[61,135083,94],{"class":93},[61,135085,39888],{"class":89},[61,135087,94],{"class":93},[61,135089,185],{"class":109},[61,135091,106],{"class":93},[61,135093,6004],{"class":102},[61,135095,582],{"class":93},[20,135097,135098,135099,229],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[221,135100,25708,135102],{"href":135101},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135103,135104],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[260,135106,135108,135109,135111],{"id":135107},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135110,133263],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135113,4564],{},[52,135115,135117],{"className":54,"code":135116,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135118,135119,135151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135120,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135122,4109],{"class":67},[61,135124,72],{"class":71},[61,135126,1088],{"class":93},[61,135128,1010],{"class":310},[61,135130,7331],{"class":314},[61,135132,1010],{"class":310},[61,135134,106],{"class":93},[61,135136,311],{"class":310},[61,135138,1199],{"class":314},[61,135140,1010],{"class":310},[61,135142,106],{"class":93},[61,135144,311],{"class":310},[61,135146,133321],{"class":314},[61,135148,1010],{"class":310},[61,135150,1115],{"class":93},[61,135152,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135154,1593],{"class":67},[61,135156,72],{"class":71},[61,135158,6207],{"class":67},[61,135160,229],{"class":93},[61,135162,133340],{"class":102},[61,135164,94],{"class":93},[61,135166,1010],{"class":310},[61,135168,311],{"class":310},[61,135170,258],{"class":93},[20,135172,135173,135175],{},[15,135174,133263],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135177,10837],{},[52,135179,135181],{"className":54,"code":135180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135182,135183,135215,135235,135239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135184,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135186,4109],{"class":67},[61,135188,72],{"class":71},[61,135190,1088],{"class":93},[61,135192,1010],{"class":310},[61,135194,7331],{"class":314},[61,135196,1010],{"class":310},[61,135198,106],{"class":93},[61,135200,311],{"class":310},[61,135202,1199],{"class":314},[61,135204,1010],{"class":310},[61,135206,106],{"class":93},[61,135208,311],{"class":310},[61,135210,133321],{"class":314},[61,135212,1010],{"class":310},[61,135214,1115],{"class":93},[61,135216,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135218,1593],{"class":67},[61,135220,72],{"class":71},[61,135222,311],{"class":310},[61,135224,311],{"class":310},[61,135226,229],{"class":93},[61,135228,133340],{"class":102},[61,135230,94],{"class":93},[61,135232,4153],{"class":102},[61,135234,258],{"class":93},[61,135236,135237],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,135238,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,135240,135241,135243,135245,135247],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,135242,90],{"class":89},[61,135244,94],{"class":93},[61,135246,1620],{"class":102},[61,135248,258],{"class":93},[260,135250,135252],{"id":135251},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[52,135254,135256],{"className":54,"code":135255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135257,135258,135290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135259,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135261,4109],{"class":67},[61,135263,72],{"class":71},[61,135265,1088],{"class":93},[61,135267,1010],{"class":310},[61,135269,6620],{"class":314},[61,135271,1010],{"class":310},[61,135273,106],{"class":93},[61,135275,311],{"class":310},[61,135277,79097],{"class":314},[61,135279,1010],{"class":310},[61,135281,106],{"class":93},[61,135283,311],{"class":310},[61,135285,134067],{"class":314},[61,135287,1010],{"class":310},[61,135289,1115],{"class":93},[61,135291,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135293,90],{"class":89},[61,135295,94],{"class":93},[61,135297,6311],{"class":310},[61,135299,229],{"class":93},[61,135301,133340],{"class":102},[61,135303,94],{"class":93},[61,135305,4153],{"class":102},[61,135307,342],{"class":93},[20,135309,345],{},[52,135311,135313],{"className":54,"code":135312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"onetwothree\n",[15,135314,135315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135316,135317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135318,135312],{"class":67},[20,135320,135321,135322,1649],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135323,133408],{},[260,135325,135327,135328,131531],{"id":135326},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135329,133263],{},[52,135331,135333],{"className":54,"code":135332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135334,135335,135367,135385,135389],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135336,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135338,4109],{"class":67},[61,135340,72],{"class":71},[61,135342,1088],{"class":93},[61,135344,1010],{"class":310},[61,135346,221],{"class":314},[61,135348,1010],{"class":310},[61,135350,106],{"class":93},[61,135352,311],{"class":310},[61,135354,1101],{"class":314},[61,135356,1010],{"class":310},[61,135358,106],{"class":93},[61,135360,311],{"class":310},[61,135362,1110],{"class":314},[61,135364,1010],{"class":310},[61,135366,1115],{"class":93},[61,135368,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135370,1010],{"class":43351},[61,135372,2078],{"class":43355},[61,135374,1010],{"class":43351},[61,135376,229],{"class":93},[61,135378,133340],{"class":102},[61,135380,94],{"class":93},[61,135382,4153],{"class":102},[61,135384,258],{"class":93},[61,135386,135387],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,135388,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,135390,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,135392,90],{"class":89},[61,135394,94],{"class":93},[61,135396,4153],{"class":102},[61,135398,258],{"class":93},[20,135400,345],{},[52,135402,135403],{"className":54,"code":42898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,135404,135405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135406,135407,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423,135425,135427,135429,135431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135408,1356],{"class":93},[61,135410,3348],{"class":310},[61,135412,221],{"class":314},[61,135414,3348],{"class":310},[61,135416,106],{"class":93},[61,135418,3343],{"class":310},[61,135420,1101],{"class":314},[61,135422,3348],{"class":310},[61,135424,106],{"class":93},[61,135426,3343],{"class":310},[61,135428,1110],{"class":314},[61,135430,3348],{"class":310},[61,135432,1115],{"class":93},[20,135434,135435,135436,135438],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135437,133263],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[47,135440,135442,135444,135445],{"id":135441},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135443,133263],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135446,2116],{},[20,135448,746,135449,749,135451,135453],{},[15,135450,133263],{},[15,135452,2116],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[260,135455,143,135457,135459],{"id":135456},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135458,2116],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[52,135461,135463],{"className":54,"code":135462,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135464,135465,135478,135491,135511,135515],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135466,135467,135470,135472,135474,135476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135468,135469],{"class":67},"first ",[61,135471,72],{"class":71},[61,135473,311],{"class":310},[61,135475,34892],{"class":314},[61,135477,318],{"class":310},[61,135479,135480,135483,135485,135487,135489],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135481,135482],{"class":67},"second ",[61,135484,72],{"class":71},[61,135486,311],{"class":310},[61,135488,89566],{"class":314},[61,135490,318],{"class":310},[61,135492,135493,135495,135497,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,135494,1593],{"class":67},[61,135496,72],{"class":71},[61,135498,135499],{"class":67}," first ",[61,135501,2116],{"class":71},[61,135503,311],{"class":310},[61,135505,311],{"class":310},[61,135507,2502],{"class":71},[61,135509,135510],{"class":67}," second\n",[61,135512,135513],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,135514,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,135516,135517,135519,135521,135523],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,135518,90],{"class":89},[61,135520,94],{"class":93},[61,135522,1620],{"class":102},[61,135524,258],{"class":93},[20,135526,345],{},[52,135528,135530],{"className":54,"code":135529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello World\n",[15,135531,135532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135533,135534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135535,135529],{"class":67},[260,135537,143,135539,135541],{"id":135538},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135540,133263],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[52,135543,135545],{"className":54,"code":135544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135546,135547,135589,135609,135613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135548,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563,135565,135568,135570,135572,135574,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135550,4109],{"class":67},[61,135552,72],{"class":71},[61,135554,1088],{"class":93},[61,135556,1010],{"class":310},[61,135558,7331],{"class":314},[61,135560,1010],{"class":310},[61,135562,106],{"class":93},[61,135564,311],{"class":310},[61,135566,135567],{"class":314},"makes",[61,135569,1010],{"class":310},[61,135571,106],{"class":93},[61,135573,311],{"class":310},[61,135575,135576],{"class":314},"this",[61,135578,1010],{"class":310},[61,135580,106],{"class":93},[61,135582,311],{"class":310},[61,135584,133762],{"class":314},[61,135586,1010],{"class":310},[61,135588,1115],{"class":93},[61,135590,135591,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605,135607],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135592,1593],{"class":67},[61,135594,72],{"class":71},[61,135596,311],{"class":310},[61,135598,311],{"class":310},[61,135600,229],{"class":93},[61,135602,133340],{"class":102},[61,135604,94],{"class":93},[61,135606,4153],{"class":102},[61,135608,258],{"class":93},[61,135610,135611],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,135612,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,135614,135615,135617,135619,135621],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,135616,90],{"class":89},[61,135618,94],{"class":93},[61,135620,1620],{"class":102},[61,135622,258],{"class":93},[20,135624,345],{},[52,135626,135628],{"className":54,"code":135627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135629,135630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135631,135632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135633,135627],{"class":67},[20,135635,135636,135638],{},[15,135637,133263],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[164,135640,135641,135644,135647],{},[167,135642,135643],{},"You already have a list of strings",[167,135645,135646],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[167,135648,135649,135650,135652],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135651,2116],{}," operators",[20,135654,135655,135656,229],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[221,135657,135659],{"href":135658},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[47,135661,135663],{"id":135662},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135665,8908,135666,135668],{},[15,135667,133263],{}," is not working, check these first:",[164,135670,135671,135674,135679,135688,135694],{},[167,135672,135673],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[167,135675,135676,135677],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135678,3820],{},[167,135680,135681,135682,1395,135685],{},"You may have written ",[15,135683,135684],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135686,135687],{},"string.join(...)",[167,135689,135690,135691,135693],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135692,133263],{}," to change the original iterable",[167,135695,135696],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135698,94206],{},[52,135700,135702],{"className":54,"code":135701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135703,135704,135718,135728,135752,135792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135705,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135707,90],{"class":89},[61,135709,94],{"class":93},[61,135711,657],{"class":109},[61,135713,94],{"class":93},[61,135715,7845],{"class":102},[61,135717,342],{"class":93},[61,135719,135720,135722,135724,135726],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,135721,90],{"class":89},[61,135723,94],{"class":93},[61,135725,7845],{"class":102},[61,135727,258],{"class":93},[61,135729,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,135731,90],{"class":89},[61,135733,3032],{"class":93},[61,135735,657],{"class":109},[61,135737,94],{"class":93},[61,135739,23338],{"class":102},[61,135741,664],{"class":93},[61,135743,3918],{"class":672},[61,135745,5999],{"class":102},[61,135747,3924],{"class":672},[61,135749,6004],{"class":102},[61,135751,1365],{"class":93},[61,135753,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770,135772,135774,135776,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,135755,90],{"class":89},[61,135757,94],{"class":93},[61,135759,3348],{"class":310},[61,135761,3343],{"class":310},[61,135763,229],{"class":93},[61,135765,133340],{"class":102},[61,135767,3032],{"class":93},[61,135769,3348],{"class":310},[61,135771,221],{"class":314},[61,135773,3348],{"class":310},[61,135775,106],{"class":93},[61,135777,3343],{"class":310},[61,135779,1101],{"class":314},[61,135781,3348],{"class":310},[61,135783,106],{"class":93},[61,135785,3343],{"class":310},[61,135787,1110],{"class":314},[61,135789,3348],{"class":310},[61,135791,1518],{"class":93},[61,135793,135794,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808,135810,135812,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,135795,90],{"class":89},[61,135797,94],{"class":93},[61,135799,3348],{"class":310},[61,135801,186],{"class":314},[61,135803,3348],{"class":310},[61,135805,229],{"class":93},[61,135807,133340],{"class":102},[61,135809,94],{"class":93},[61,135811,39888],{"class":89},[61,135813,94],{"class":93},[61,135815,185],{"class":109},[61,135817,106],{"class":93},[61,135819,1088],{"class":93},[61,135821,3035],{"class":75},[61,135823,106],{"class":93},[61,135825,3040],{"class":75},[61,135827,106],{"class":93},[61,135829,1020],{"class":75},[61,135831,37293],{"class":93},[20,135833,135834],{},"What these checks do:",[164,135836,135837,135845,135851,135857,135866],{},[167,135838,135839,135842,135843,8130],{},[15,135840,135841],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135844,7845],{},[167,135846,135847,135850],{},[15,135848,135849],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[167,135852,135853,135856],{},[15,135854,135855],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[167,135858,135859,135862,135863,135865],{},[15,135860,135861],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135864,133263],{}," behavior",[167,135867,135868,135871],{},[15,135869,135870],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[47,135873,1879],{"id":1878},[260,135875,1928,135877,135879],{"id":135876},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135878,133263],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135881,135882,135883,135885,135886,229],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135884,133263],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135887,135888],{},"map(str, values)",[260,135890,1928,135892,56987],{"id":135891},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135893,133263],{},[20,135895,135896],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[260,135898,28355,135900,62460],{"id":135899},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135901,133263],{},[20,135903,42175,135904,135906],{},[15,135905,133263],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[260,135908,1883,135910,39988],{"id":135909},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135911,135912],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135914,135915],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[260,135917,135919,135920,135922,135923,1916],{"id":135918},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135921,1382],{}," when using ",[15,135924,133263],{},[20,135926,135927],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[47,135929,1938],{"id":1937},[164,135931,135932,135937,135943,135949,135955],{},[167,135933,135934],{},[221,135935,135936],{"href":135658},"How to join strings in Python",[167,135938,135939],{},[221,135940,126181,135941,10770],{"href":128868},[15,135942,60356],{},[167,135944,135945],{},[221,135946,13,135947,1947],{"href":42198},[15,135948,47696],{},[167,135950,135951],{},[221,135952,30375,135953],{"href":135101},[15,135954,135104],{},[167,135956,135957],{},[221,135958,124936],{"href":50797},[20,135960,97176,135961,135963],{},[15,135962,133263],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1969,135965,135966],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":135968},[135969,135970,135972,135975,135982,135992,136000,136010,136017,136018,136030],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":133380,"depth":79,"text":135971},"What join() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":135973},[135974],{"id":262,"depth":86,"text":263},{"id":121711,"depth":79,"text":121712,"children":135976},[135977,135978,135979,135980],{"id":133727,"depth":86,"text":133728},{"id":133819,"depth":86,"text":133820},{"id":133920,"depth":86,"text":133921},{"id":134029,"depth":86,"text":135981},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134132,"depth":79,"text":134133,"children":135983},[135984,135986,135988,135990],{"id":134139,"depth":86,"text":135985},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134206,"depth":86,"text":135987},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134295,"depth":86,"text":135989},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134381,"depth":86,"text":135991},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134456,"depth":79,"text":134457,"children":135993},[135994,135995,135996,135998],{"id":134465,"depth":86,"text":134466},{"id":134548,"depth":86,"text":134549},{"id":134702,"depth":86,"text":135997},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134874,"depth":86,"text":135999},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134961,"depth":79,"text":136001,"children":136002},"Common errors with join()",[136003,136005,136007,136008],{"id":134970,"depth":86,"text":136004},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135107,"depth":86,"text":136006},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135251,"depth":86,"text":135252},{"id":135326,"depth":86,"text":136009},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135441,"depth":79,"text":136011,"children":136012},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136013,136015],{"id":135456,"depth":86,"text":136014},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135538,"depth":86,"text":136016},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135662,"depth":79,"text":135663},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":136019},[136020,136022,136024,136026,136028],{"id":135876,"depth":86,"text":136021},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135891,"depth":86,"text":136023},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135899,"depth":86,"text":136025},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135909,"depth":86,"text":136027},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135918,"depth":86,"text":136029},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133255,"description":136031},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136038,"title":136039,"body":136040,"description":137608,"extension":2017,"meta":137609,"navigation":82,"path":137610,"seo":137611,"stem":137612,"__hash__":137613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136041,"toc":137575},[136042,136047,136052,136054,136068,136113,136120,136125,136130,136132,136148,136157,136159,136161,136176,136178,136188,136190,136252,136254,136257,136318,136320,136336,136338,136351,136354,136401,136403,136409,136412,136415,136475,136483,136569,136573,136578,136580,136594,136597,136682,136685,136743,136754,136809,136811,136818,136824,136830,136874,136877,136924,136926,136928,136935,136937,136968,136971,136973,137004,137008,137011,137013,137053,137055,137098,137104,137109,137111,137138,137143,137146,137195,137199,137202,137277,137288,137291,137348,137355,137361,137369,137374,137381,137388,137406,137408,137462,137470,137472,137477,137480,137486,137492,137497,137500,137506,137512,137519,137527,137529,137572],[10,136043,123181,136045,11352],{"id":136044},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136046,123911],{},[20,136048,123186,136049,136051],{},[15,136050,123911],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136053,24115],{},[164,136055,136056,136059,136062,136065],{},[167,136057,136058],{},"convert text to lowercase",[167,136060,136061],{},"compare text without case differences",[167,136063,136064],{},"clean up user input",[167,136066,136067],{},"make simple text matching easier",[52,136069,136071],{"className":54,"code":136070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136072,136073,136086,136100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136074,136075,136077,136079,136081,136084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136076,450],{"class":67},[61,136078,72],{"class":71},[61,136080,311],{"class":310},[61,136082,136083],{"class":314},"Hello WORLD",[61,136085,318],{"class":310},[61,136087,136088,136090,136092,136094,136096,136098],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136089,1593],{"class":67},[61,136091,72],{"class":71},[61,136093,42864],{"class":67},[61,136095,229],{"class":93},[61,136097,8673],{"class":102},[61,136099,8676],{"class":93},[61,136101,136102,136104,136106,136108,136110],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136103,90],{"class":89},[61,136105,94],{"class":93},[61,136107,1620],{"class":102},[61,136109,664],{"class":93},[61,136111,136112],{"class":116},"  # hello world\n",[20,136114,136115,88789,136117,136119],{},[3784,136116,83647],{},[15,136118,123911],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[47,136121,151,136123,154],{"id":136122},"what-lower-does",[15,136124,123911],{},[20,136126,136127,136129],{},[15,136128,123911],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136131,13078],{},[164,136133,136134,136139,136142,136145],{},[167,136135,136136,136138],{},[15,136137,123911],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[167,136140,136141],{},"It works on string objects",[167,136143,136144],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[167,136146,136147],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136149,124933,136150,136154,136155,229],{},[221,136151,136153],{"href":136152},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[221,136156,50798],{"href":50797},[47,136158,233],{"id":232},[20,136160,236],{},[52,136162,136164],{"className":54,"code":136163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.lower()\n",[15,136165,136166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136167,136168,136170,136172,136174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136169,60999],{"class":67},[61,136171,229],{"class":93},[61,136173,8673],{"class":102},[61,136175,8676],{"class":93},[20,136177,43673],{},[164,136179,136180,136182,136185],{},[167,136181,97354],{},[167,136183,136184],{},"You call it directly on a string",[167,136186,136187],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136189,295],{},[52,136191,136193],{"className":54,"code":136192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136194,136195,136218,136222,136235],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136196,136197,136199,136201,136203,136206,136208,136210,136212,136215],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136198,90],{"class":89},[61,136200,94],{"class":93},[61,136202,1010],{"class":310},[61,136204,136205],{"class":314},"HELLO",[61,136207,1010],{"class":310},[61,136209,229],{"class":93},[61,136211,8673],{"class":102},[61,136213,136214],{"class":93},"())",[61,136216,136217],{"class":116},"  # hello\n",[61,136219,136220],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136221,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136223,136224,136226,136228,136230,136233],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136225,305],{"class":67},[61,136227,72],{"class":71},[61,136229,311],{"class":310},[61,136231,136232],{"class":314},"PyThOn",[61,136234,318],{"class":310},[61,136236,136237,136239,136241,136243,136245,136247,136249],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136238,90],{"class":89},[61,136240,94],{"class":93},[61,136242,335],{"class":102},[61,136244,229],{"class":93},[61,136246,8673],{"class":102},[61,136248,136214],{"class":93},[61,136250,136251],{"class":116},"  # python\n",[47,136253,359],{"id":358},[20,136255,136256],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[52,136258,136260],{"className":54,"code":136259,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136261,136262,136274,136278,136293,136297,136308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136263,136264,136266,136268,136270,136272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136265,450],{"class":67},[61,136267,72],{"class":71},[61,136269,311],{"class":310},[61,136271,136083],{"class":314},[61,136273,318],{"class":310},[61,136275,136276],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136277,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136279,136280,136283,136285,136287,136289,136291],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136281,136282],{"class":67},"lower_text ",[61,136284,72],{"class":71},[61,136286,42864],{"class":67},[61,136288,229],{"class":93},[61,136290,8673],{"class":102},[61,136292,8676],{"class":93},[61,136294,136295],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136296,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136298,136299,136301,136303,136306],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,136300,90],{"class":89},[61,136302,94],{"class":93},[61,136304,136305],{"class":102},"lower_text",[61,136307,258],{"class":93},[61,136309,136310,136312,136314,136316],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,136311,90],{"class":89},[61,136313,94],{"class":93},[61,136315,476],{"class":102},[61,136317,258],{"class":93},[20,136319,345],{},[52,136321,136323],{"className":54,"code":136322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136324,136325,136329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136326,136327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136328,134197],{"class":67},[61,136330,136331,136333],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136332,131597],{"class":67},[61,136334,136335],{"class":34483},"WORLD\n",[20,136337,24635],{},[164,136339,136340,136345],{},[167,136341,136342,136344],{},[15,136343,123911],{}," returns the lowercase result",[167,136346,136347,136348,136350],{},"the original ",[15,136349,476],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136352,136353],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[52,136355,136357],{"className":54,"code":136356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136358,136359,136371,136385,136389],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136360,136361,136363,136365,136367,136369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136362,450],{"class":67},[61,136364,72],{"class":71},[61,136366,311],{"class":310},[61,136368,136083],{"class":314},[61,136370,318],{"class":310},[61,136372,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381,136383],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136374,450],{"class":67},[61,136376,72],{"class":71},[61,136378,42864],{"class":67},[61,136380,229],{"class":93},[61,136382,8673],{"class":102},[61,136384,8676],{"class":93},[61,136386,136387],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136388,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136390,136391,136393,136395,136397,136399],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136392,90],{"class":89},[61,136394,94],{"class":93},[61,136396,476],{"class":102},[61,136398,664],{"class":93},[61,136400,136112],{"class":116},[47,136402,17445],{"id":17444},[20,136404,136405,22003,136407,229],{},[15,136406,123911],{},[3784,136408,60999],{},[20,136410,136411],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136413,136414],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[52,136416,136418],{"className":54,"code":136417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136419,136420,136434,136438,136461],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136421,136422,136425,136427,136429,136432],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136423,136424],{"class":67},"answer ",[61,136426,72],{"class":71},[61,136428,311],{"class":310},[61,136430,136431],{"class":314},"YES",[61,136433,318],{"class":310},[61,136435,136436],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136437,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136439,136440,136442,136445,136447,136449,136451,136453,136455,136457,136459],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136441,1124],{"class":672},[61,136443,136444],{"class":67}," answer",[61,136446,229],{"class":93},[61,136448,8673],{"class":102},[61,136450,7400],{"class":93},[61,136452,667],{"class":71},[61,136454,311],{"class":310},[61,136456,8691],{"class":314},[61,136458,1010],{"class":310},[61,136460,6433],{"class":93},[61,136462,136463,136465,136467,136469,136471,136473],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136464,1141],{"class":89},[61,136466,94],{"class":93},[61,136468,1010],{"class":310},[61,136470,96663],{"class":314},[61,136472,1010],{"class":310},[61,136474,258],{"class":93},[20,136476,136477,136478,1314],{},"This is especially useful with ",[221,136479,136480,136481,2351],{"href":8252},"the ",[15,136482,3005],{},[52,136484,136486],{"className":54,"code":136485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136487,136488,136507,136511,136533,136548,136554],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136489,136490,136492,136494,136496,136498,136500,136503,136505],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136491,136424],{"class":67},[61,136493,72],{"class":71},[61,136495,8275],{"class":89},[61,136497,94],{"class":93},[61,136499,1010],{"class":310},[61,136501,136502],{"class":314},"Type yes or no: ",[61,136504,1010],{"class":310},[61,136506,258],{"class":93},[61,136508,136509],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136510,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136512,136513,136515,136517,136519,136521,136523,136525,136527,136529,136531],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136514,1124],{"class":672},[61,136516,136444],{"class":67},[61,136518,229],{"class":93},[61,136520,8673],{"class":102},[61,136522,7400],{"class":93},[61,136524,667],{"class":71},[61,136526,311],{"class":310},[61,136528,8691],{"class":314},[61,136530,1010],{"class":310},[61,136532,6433],{"class":93},[61,136534,136535,136537,136539,136541,136544,136546],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136536,1141],{"class":89},[61,136538,94],{"class":93},[61,136540,1010],{"class":310},[61,136542,136543],{"class":314},"You typed yes",[61,136545,1010],{"class":310},[61,136547,258],{"class":93},[61,136549,136550,136552],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,136551,27460],{"class":672},[61,136553,6433],{"class":93},[61,136555,136556,136558,136560,136562,136565,136567],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,136557,1141],{"class":89},[61,136559,94],{"class":93},[61,136561,1010],{"class":310},[61,136563,136564],{"class":314},"You typed something else",[61,136566,1010],{"class":310},[61,136568,258],{"class":93},[47,136570,136572],{"id":136571},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136574,136575,136577],{},[15,136576,123911],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136579,7377],{},[164,136581,136582,136585,136588,136591],{},[167,136583,136584],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[167,136586,136587],{},"Make text matching easier",[167,136589,136590],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[167,136592,136593],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136595,136596],{},"Example: checking user input",[52,136598,136600],{"className":54,"code":136599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136601,136602,136620,136624,136646,136661,136667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136603,136604,136606,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616,136618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136605,44975],{"class":67},[61,136607,72],{"class":71},[61,136609,8275],{"class":89},[61,136611,94],{"class":93},[61,136613,1010],{"class":310},[61,136615,44986],{"class":314},[61,136617,1010],{"class":310},[61,136619,258],{"class":93},[61,136621,136622],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136623,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136625,136626,136628,136630,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640,136642,136644],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136627,1124],{"class":672},[61,136629,35877],{"class":67},[61,136631,229],{"class":93},[61,136633,8673],{"class":102},[61,136635,7400],{"class":93},[61,136637,667],{"class":71},[61,136639,311],{"class":310},[61,136641,13136],{"class":314},[61,136643,1010],{"class":310},[61,136645,6433],{"class":93},[61,136647,136648,136650,136652,136654,136657,136659],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136649,1141],{"class":89},[61,136651,94],{"class":93},[61,136653,1010],{"class":310},[61,136655,136656],{"class":314},"Nice choice!",[61,136658,1010],{"class":310},[61,136660,258],{"class":93},[61,136662,136663,136665],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,136664,27460],{"class":672},[61,136666,6433],{"class":93},[61,136668,136669,136671,136673,136675,136678,136680],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,136670,1141],{"class":89},[61,136672,94],{"class":93},[61,136674,1010],{"class":310},[61,136676,136677],{"class":314},"Got it.",[61,136679,1010],{"class":310},[61,136681,258],{"class":93},[20,136683,136684],{},"Example: simple search",[52,136686,136688],{"className":54,"code":136687,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136689,136690,136703,136707,136728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136691,136692,136694,136696,136698,136701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136693,89833],{"class":67},[61,136695,72],{"class":71},[61,136697,311],{"class":310},[61,136699,136700],{"class":314},"Python Is Fun",[61,136702,318],{"class":310},[61,136704,136705],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136706,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136708,136709,136711,136713,136715,136717,136719,136722,136724,136726],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136710,1124],{"class":672},[61,136712,311],{"class":310},[61,136714,56],{"class":314},[61,136716,1010],{"class":310},[61,136718,21201],{"class":71},[61,136720,136721],{"class":67}," message",[61,136723,229],{"class":93},[61,136725,8673],{"class":102},[61,136727,21623],{"class":93},[61,136729,136730,136732,136734,136736,136739,136741],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136731,1141],{"class":89},[61,136733,94],{"class":93},[61,136735,1010],{"class":310},[61,136737,136738],{"class":314},"Found it",[61,136740,1010],{"class":310},[61,136742,258],{"class":93},[20,136744,136745,136746,136748,136749,1314],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136747,123911],{}," is often used with ",[221,136750,136752],{"href":136751},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136753,41678],{},[52,136755,136757],{"className":54,"code":136756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136758,136759,136772,136791,136795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136760,136761,136763,136765,136767,136770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136762,305],{"class":67},[61,136764,72],{"class":71},[61,136766,311],{"class":310},[61,136768,136769],{"class":314},"  ALICE  ",[61,136771,318],{"class":310},[61,136773,136774,136777,136779,136781,136783,136785,136787,136789],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136775,136776],{"class":67},"clean_name ",[61,136778,72],{"class":71},[61,136780,36018],{"class":67},[61,136782,229],{"class":93},[61,136784,8667],{"class":102},[61,136786,8670],{"class":93},[61,136788,8673],{"class":102},[61,136790,8676],{"class":93},[61,136792,136793],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136794,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136796,136797,136799,136801,136804,136806],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136798,90],{"class":89},[61,136800,94],{"class":93},[61,136802,136803],{"class":102},"clean_name",[61,136805,664],{"class":93},[61,136807,136808],{"class":116},"  # alice\n",[47,136810,15624],{"id":15623},[20,136812,136813,136814,136817],{},"Strings are ",[3784,136815,136816],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136819,136820,136821,136823],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136822,123911],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136825,136826,136827,136829],{},"So this does ",[3784,136828,4670],{}," update the original variable:",[52,136831,136833],{"className":54,"code":136832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136834,136835,136847,136857,136861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136836,136837,136839,136841,136843,136845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136838,450],{"class":67},[61,136840,72],{"class":71},[61,136842,311],{"class":310},[61,136844,136205],{"class":314},[61,136846,318],{"class":310},[61,136848,136849,136851,136853,136855],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136850,476],{"class":67},[61,136852,229],{"class":93},[61,136854,8673],{"class":102},[61,136856,8676],{"class":93},[61,136858,136859],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136860,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136862,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136864,90],{"class":89},[61,136866,94],{"class":93},[61,136868,476],{"class":102},[61,136870,664],{"class":93},[61,136872,136873],{"class":116},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136875,136876],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[52,136878,136880],{"className":54,"code":136879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136881,136882,136894,136908,136912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136883,136884,136886,136888,136890,136892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136885,450],{"class":67},[61,136887,72],{"class":71},[61,136889,311],{"class":310},[61,136891,136205],{"class":314},[61,136893,318],{"class":310},[61,136895,136896,136898,136900,136902,136904,136906],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136897,450],{"class":67},[61,136899,72],{"class":71},[61,136901,42864],{"class":67},[61,136903,229],{"class":93},[61,136905,8673],{"class":102},[61,136907,8676],{"class":93},[61,136909,136910],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,136911,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,136913,136914,136916,136918,136920,136922],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,136915,90],{"class":89},[61,136917,94],{"class":93},[61,136919,476],{"class":102},[61,136921,664],{"class":93},[61,136923,136217],{"class":116},[47,136925,2878],{"id":2877},[260,136927,25716],{"id":25715},[20,136929,136930,136931,1395,136933,229],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136932,8673],{},[15,136934,123911],{},[20,136936,1400],{},[52,136938,136940],{"className":54,"code":136939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136941,136942,136954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136943,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136945,450],{"class":67},[61,136947,72],{"class":71},[61,136949,311],{"class":310},[61,136951,136205],{"class":314},[61,136953,318],{"class":310},[61,136955,136956,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136957,90],{"class":89},[61,136959,94],{"class":93},[61,136961,476],{"class":102},[61,136963,229],{"class":93},[61,136965,8673],{"class":24778},[61,136967,258],{"class":93},[20,136969,136970],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136972,1443],{},[52,136974,136976],{"className":54,"code":136975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136977,136978,136990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136979,136980,136982,136984,136986,136988],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136981,450],{"class":67},[61,136983,72],{"class":71},[61,136985,311],{"class":310},[61,136987,136205],{"class":314},[61,136989,318],{"class":310},[61,136991,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000,137002],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,136993,90],{"class":89},[61,136995,94],{"class":93},[61,136997,476],{"class":102},[61,136999,229],{"class":93},[61,137001,8673],{"class":102},[61,137003,7228],{"class":93},[260,137005,137007],{"id":137006},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137009,137010],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137012,1400],{},[52,137014,137016],{"className":54,"code":137015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137017,137018,137030,137040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137019,137020,137022,137024,137026,137028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137021,450],{"class":67},[61,137023,72],{"class":71},[61,137025,311],{"class":310},[61,137027,136205],{"class":314},[61,137029,318],{"class":310},[61,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137033,476],{"class":67},[61,137035,229],{"class":93},[61,137037,8673],{"class":102},[61,137039,8676],{"class":93},[61,137041,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,137043,90],{"class":89},[61,137045,94],{"class":93},[61,137047,476],{"class":102},[61,137049,664],{"class":93},[61,137051,137052],{"class":116},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137054,1443],{},[52,137056,137058],{"className":54,"code":137057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137059,137060,137072,137086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137061,137062,137064,137066,137068,137070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137063,450],{"class":67},[61,137065,72],{"class":71},[61,137067,311],{"class":310},[61,137069,136205],{"class":314},[61,137071,318],{"class":310},[61,137073,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082,137084],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137075,450],{"class":67},[61,137077,72],{"class":71},[61,137079,42864],{"class":67},[61,137081,229],{"class":93},[61,137083,8673],{"class":102},[61,137085,8676],{"class":93},[61,137087,137088,137090,137092,137094,137096],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,137089,90],{"class":89},[61,137091,94],{"class":93},[61,137093,476],{"class":102},[61,137095,664],{"class":93},[61,137097,136217],{"class":116},[260,137099,8449,137101,137103],{"id":137100},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137102,123911],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137105,137106,137108],{},[15,137107,123911],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137110,1400],{},[52,137112,137114],{"className":54,"code":137113,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137115,137116,137124],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137117,137118,137120,137122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137119,2269],{"class":67},[61,137121,72],{"class":71},[61,137123,124863],{"class":75},[61,137125,137126,137128,137130,137132,137134,137136],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137127,90],{"class":89},[61,137129,94],{"class":93},[61,137131,1271],{"class":102},[61,137133,229],{"class":93},[61,137135,8673],{"class":102},[61,137137,7228],{"class":93},[20,137139,137140,137141,33630],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137142,123911],{},[20,137144,137145],{},"You can check the type first:",[52,137147,137149],{"className":54,"code":137148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137150,137151,137163,137167,137181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137152,137153,137155,137157,137159,137161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137154,450],{"class":67},[61,137156,72],{"class":71},[61,137158,311],{"class":310},[61,137160,136205],{"class":314},[61,137162,318],{"class":310},[61,137164,137165],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137166,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,137168,137169,137171,137173,137175,137177,137179],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,137170,90],{"class":89},[61,137172,94],{"class":93},[61,137174,657],{"class":109},[61,137176,94],{"class":93},[61,137178,476],{"class":102},[61,137180,342],{"class":93},[61,137182,137183,137185,137187,137189,137191,137193],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,137184,90],{"class":89},[61,137186,94],{"class":93},[61,137188,476],{"class":102},[61,137190,229],{"class":93},[61,137192,8673],{"class":102},[61,137194,7228],{"class":93},[260,137196,137198],{"id":137197},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137200,137201],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[52,137203,137205],{"className":54,"code":137204,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137206,137207,137220,137224,137241,137256,137262],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137208,137209,137211,137213,137215,137218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137210,136424],{"class":67},[61,137212,72],{"class":71},[61,137214,311],{"class":310},[61,137216,137217],{"class":314},"Yes",[61,137219,318],{"class":310},[61,137221,137222],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137223,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,137225,137226,137228,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,137227,1124],{"class":672},[61,137229,137230],{"class":67}," answer ",[61,137232,4728],{"class":71},[61,137234,311],{"class":310},[61,137236,8691],{"class":314},[61,137238,1010],{"class":310},[61,137240,6433],{"class":93},[61,137242,137243,137245,137247,137249,137252,137254],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,137244,1141],{"class":89},[61,137246,94],{"class":93},[61,137248,1010],{"class":310},[61,137250,137251],{"class":314},"Match",[61,137253,1010],{"class":310},[61,137255,258],{"class":93},[61,137257,137258,137260],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,137259,27460],{"class":672},[61,137261,6433],{"class":93},[61,137263,137264,137266,137268,137270,137273,137275],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,137265,1141],{"class":89},[61,137267,94],{"class":93},[61,137269,1010],{"class":310},[61,137271,137272],{"class":314},"No match",[61,137274,1010],{"class":310},[61,137276,258],{"class":93},[20,137278,29088,137279,749,137282,137285,137286,229],{},[15,137280,137281],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137283,137284],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137287,137272],{},[20,137289,137290],{},"Better:",[52,137292,137294],{"className":54,"code":137293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137295,137296,137308,137312,137334],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137297,137298,137300,137302,137304,137306],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137299,136424],{"class":67},[61,137301,72],{"class":71},[61,137303,311],{"class":310},[61,137305,137217],{"class":314},[61,137307,318],{"class":310},[61,137309,137310],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137311,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,137313,137314,137316,137318,137320,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330,137332],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,137315,1124],{"class":672},[61,137317,136444],{"class":67},[61,137319,229],{"class":93},[61,137321,8673],{"class":102},[61,137323,7400],{"class":93},[61,137325,667],{"class":71},[61,137327,311],{"class":310},[61,137329,8691],{"class":314},[61,137331,1010],{"class":310},[61,137333,6433],{"class":93},[61,137335,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344,137346],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,137337,1141],{"class":89},[61,137339,94],{"class":93},[61,137341,1010],{"class":310},[61,137343,137251],{"class":314},[61,137345,1010],{"class":310},[61,137347,258],{"class":93},[260,137349,44233,137351,137354],{"id":137350},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137352,137353],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137356,137357,137358,137360],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137359,123911],{}," is enough.",[20,137362,137363,137364,137366,137367,229],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137365,137353],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137368,123911],{},[20,137370,137371,137372,122423],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137373,123911],{},[47,137375,137377,741,137379],{"id":137376},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137378,123911],{},[15,137380,128059],{},[20,137382,137383,749,137385,137387],{},[15,137384,123911],{},[15,137386,128059],{}," are very similar.",[164,137389,137390,137395,137400,137403],{},[167,137391,137392,137394],{},[15,137393,123911],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[167,137396,137397,137399],{},[15,137398,128059],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[167,137401,137402],{},"Both return new strings",[167,137404,137405],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137407,295],{},[52,137409,137411],{"className":54,"code":137410,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137412,137413,137425,137429,137445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137414,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137416,450],{"class":67},[61,137418,72],{"class":71},[61,137420,311],{"class":310},[61,137422,128900],{"class":314},[61,137424,318],{"class":310},[61,137426,137427],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137428,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,137430,137431,137433,137435,137437,137439,137441,137443],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,137432,90],{"class":89},[61,137434,94],{"class":93},[61,137436,476],{"class":102},[61,137438,229],{"class":93},[61,137440,8673],{"class":102},[61,137442,136214],{"class":93},[61,137444,136112],{"class":116},[61,137446,137447,137449,137451,137453,137455,137457,137459],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,137448,90],{"class":89},[61,137450,94],{"class":93},[61,137452,476],{"class":102},[61,137454,229],{"class":93},[61,137456,34508],{"class":102},[61,137458,136214],{"class":93},[61,137460,137461],{"class":116},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137463,137464,137465,229],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[221,137466,126181,137468,10770],{"href":137467},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137469,128059],{},[47,137471,1879],{"id":1878},[260,137473,1928,137475,124508],{"id":137474},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137476,123911],{},[20,137478,137479],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[260,137481,1928,137483,137485],{"id":137482},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137484,123911],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137487,137488,137489,229],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137490,137491],{},"string.lower()",[260,137493,1883,137495,12742],{"id":137494},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137496,123911],{},[20,137498,137499],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[260,137501,28355,137503,137505],{"id":137502},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137504,123911],{}," on user input?",[20,137507,137508,137509,137511],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137510,3005],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[260,137513,1911,137515,749,137517,1916],{"id":137514},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137516,123911],{},[15,137518,137353],{},[20,137520,137521,137523,137524,137526],{},[15,137522,123911],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137525,137353],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[47,137528,1938],{"id":1937},[164,137530,137531,137535,137541,137547,137553,137557,137561,137567],{},[167,137532,137533],{},[221,137534,50798],{"href":50797},[167,137536,137537],{},[221,137538,126181,137539,10770],{"href":137467},[15,137540,128059],{},[167,137542,137543],{},[221,137544,126181,137545,10770],{"href":136751},[15,137546,41678],{},[167,137548,137549],{},[221,137550,126181,137551,10770],{"href":129762},[15,137552,124352],{},[167,137554,137555],{},[221,137556,124580],{"href":123436},[167,137558,137559],{},[221,137560,90509],{"href":89518},[167,137562,137563],{},[221,137564,13,137565,1947],{"href":8252},[15,137566,3005],{},[167,137568,137569],{},[221,137570,137571],{"href":136152},"What is a string in Python?",[1969,137573,137574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":137576},[137577,137579,137580,137581,137582,137583,137584,137593,137595,137607],{"id":136122,"depth":79,"text":137578},"What lower() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":136571,"depth":79,"text":136572},{"id":15623,"depth":79,"text":15624},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":137585},[137586,137587,137588,137590,137591],{"id":25715,"depth":86,"text":25716},{"id":137006,"depth":86,"text":137007},{"id":137100,"depth":86,"text":137589},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137197,"depth":86,"text":137198},{"id":137350,"depth":86,"text":137592},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137376,"depth":79,"text":137594},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":137596},[137597,137599,137601,137603,137605],{"id":137474,"depth":86,"text":137598},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137482,"depth":86,"text":137600},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137494,"depth":86,"text":137602},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137502,"depth":86,"text":137604},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137514,"depth":86,"text":137606},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136039,"description":137608},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137615,"title":137616,"body":137617,"description":139167,"extension":2017,"meta":139168,"navigation":82,"path":139169,"seo":139170,"stem":139171,"__hash__":139172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137618,"toc":139128},[137619,137624,137629,137635,137650,137652,137712,137714,137723,137729,137734,137739,137741,137755,137759,137761,137808,137810,137828,137830,137833,137904,137906,137920,137923,137935,137944,137948,137953,137958,137962,138028,138030,138039,138043,138108,138110,138119,138122,138127,138131,138136,138140,138201,138203,138212,138216,138219,138275,138277,138286,138289,138302,138304,138308,138315,138377,138379,138392,138398,138401,138408,138413,138418,138421,138429,138431,138492,138494,138503,138506,138553,138556,138603,138605,138610,138627,138634,138639,138692,138694,138702,138704,138761,138763,138771,138775,138822,138824,138832,138840,138844,138892,138894,138903,138908,138959,138961,138970,138977,138980,139001,139003,139008,139011,139015,139018,139022,139025,139052,139058,139061,139088,139093,139095,139097,139125],[10,137620,123181,137622,11352],{"id":137621},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137623,124352],{},[20,137625,123186,137626,137628],{},[15,137627,124352],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137630,137631,137632,137634],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137633,124352],{},". You will learn:",[164,137636,137637,137641,137644,137647],{},[167,137638,26045,137639,154],{},[15,137640,124352],{},[167,137642,137643],{},"how its syntax works",[167,137645,137646],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[167,137648,137649],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[47,137651,2059],{"id":2058},[52,137653,137655],{"className":54,"code":137654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137656,137657,137670,137702],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137658,137659,137661,137663,137665,137668],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137660,450],{"class":67},[61,137662,72],{"class":71},[61,137664,311],{"class":310},[61,137666,137667],{"class":314},"I like cats",[61,137669,318],{"class":310},[61,137671,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680,137682,137684,137686,137689,137691,137693,137695,137698,137700],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137673,130020],{"class":67},[61,137675,72],{"class":71},[61,137677,42864],{"class":67},[61,137679,229],{"class":93},[61,137681,35024],{"class":102},[61,137683,94],{"class":93},[61,137685,1010],{"class":310},[61,137687,137688],{"class":314},"cats",[61,137690,1010],{"class":310},[61,137692,106],{"class":93},[61,137694,311],{"class":310},[61,137696,137697],{"class":314},"dogs",[61,137699,1010],{"class":310},[61,137701,258],{"class":93},[61,137703,137704,137706,137708,137710],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,137705,90],{"class":89},[61,137707,94],{"class":93},[61,137709,130051],{"class":102},[61,137711,258],{"class":93},[20,137713,345],{},[52,137715,137717],{"className":54,"code":137716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like dogs\n",[15,137718,137719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137720,137721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137722,137716],{"class":67},[20,137724,143,137725,137728],{},[15,137726,137727],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[47,137730,151,137732,154],{"id":137731},"what-replace-does",[15,137733,124352],{},[20,137735,137736,137738],{},[15,137737,124352],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137740,13078],{},[164,137742,137743,137745,137747,137750],{},[167,137744,133429],{},[167,137746,136147],{},[167,137748,137749],{},"It works on exact matches",[167,137751,137752,137753],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137754,952],{},[20,137756,124933,137757,229],{},[221,137758,124936],{"href":50797},[47,137760,5468],{"id":5467},[52,137762,137764],{"className":54,"code":137763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137765,137766,137786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137767,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776,137779,137781,137784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137769,60999],{"class":67},[61,137771,229],{"class":93},[61,137773,35024],{"class":102},[61,137775,94],{"class":93},[61,137777,137778],{"class":102},"old",[61,137780,106],{"class":93},[61,137782,137783],{"class":102}," new",[61,137785,258],{"class":93},[61,137787,137788,137790,137792,137794,137796,137798,137800,137802,137804,137806],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137789,60999],{"class":67},[61,137791,229],{"class":93},[61,137793,35024],{"class":102},[61,137795,94],{"class":93},[61,137797,137778],{"class":102},[61,137799,106],{"class":93},[61,137801,137783],{"class":102},[61,137803,106],{"class":93},[61,137805,897],{"class":102},[61,137807,258],{"class":93},[260,137809,17421],{"id":17420},[164,137811,137812,137817,137823],{},[167,137813,137814,137816],{},[15,137815,137778],{}," = the text to find",[167,137818,137819,137822],{},[15,137820,137821],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[167,137824,137825,137827],{},[15,137826,952],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[47,137829,5825],{"id":5824},[20,137831,137832],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[52,137834,137836],{"className":54,"code":137835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137837,137838,137850,137880,137884,137894],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137839,137840,137842,137844,137846,137848],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137841,450],{"class":67},[61,137843,72],{"class":71},[61,137845,311],{"class":310},[61,137847,137667],{"class":314},[61,137849,318],{"class":310},[61,137851,137852,137854,137856,137858,137860,137862,137864,137866,137868,137870,137872,137874,137876,137878],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137853,130020],{"class":67},[61,137855,72],{"class":71},[61,137857,42864],{"class":67},[61,137859,229],{"class":93},[61,137861,35024],{"class":102},[61,137863,94],{"class":93},[61,137865,1010],{"class":310},[61,137867,137688],{"class":314},[61,137869,1010],{"class":310},[61,137871,106],{"class":93},[61,137873,311],{"class":310},[61,137875,137697],{"class":314},[61,137877,1010],{"class":310},[61,137879,258],{"class":93},[61,137881,137882],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,137883,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,137885,137886,137888,137890,137892],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,137887,90],{"class":89},[61,137889,94],{"class":93},[61,137891,476],{"class":102},[61,137893,258],{"class":93},[61,137895,137896,137898,137900,137902],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,137897,90],{"class":89},[61,137899,94],{"class":93},[61,137901,130051],{"class":102},[61,137903,258],{"class":93},[20,137905,345],{},[52,137907,137909],{"className":54,"code":137908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137910,137911,137916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137912,137913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137914,137915],{"class":67},"I like cats\n",[61,137917,137918],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137919,137716],{"class":67},[20,137921,137922],{},"Notice what happened:",[164,137924,137925,137930],{},[167,137926,137927,137929],{},[15,137928,476],{}," did not change",[167,137931,137932,137934],{},[15,137933,130051],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137936,137937,137938,137940,137941,137943],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3784,137939,136816],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137942,124352],{}," return a new string instead.",[47,137945,137947],{"id":137946},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137949,89527,137950,137952],{},[15,137951,124352],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137954,137955,137956,36649],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137957,952],{},[260,137959,137961],{"id":137960},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[52,137963,137965],{"className":54,"code":137964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137966,137967,137980,138014,138018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137968,137969,137971,137973,137975,137978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137970,450],{"class":67},[61,137972,72],{"class":71},[61,137974,311],{"class":310},[61,137976,137977],{"class":314},"cat cat cat",[61,137979,318],{"class":310},[61,137981,137982,137984,137986,137988,137990,137992,137994,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,137983,1593],{"class":67},[61,137985,72],{"class":71},[61,137987,42864],{"class":67},[61,137989,229],{"class":93},[61,137991,35024],{"class":102},[61,137993,94],{"class":93},[61,137995,1010],{"class":310},[61,137997,37075],{"class":314},[61,137999,1010],{"class":310},[61,138001,106],{"class":93},[61,138003,311],{"class":310},[61,138005,57951],{"class":314},[61,138007,1010],{"class":310},[61,138009,106],{"class":93},[61,138011,5535],{"class":75},[61,138013,258],{"class":93},[61,138015,138016],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,138017,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,138019,138020,138022,138024,138026],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,138021,90],{"class":89},[61,138023,94],{"class":93},[61,138025,1620],{"class":102},[61,138027,258],{"class":93},[20,138029,345],{},[52,138031,138033],{"className":54,"code":138032,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138034,138035],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138036,138037],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138038,138032],{"class":67},[260,138040,138042],{"id":138041},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[52,138044,138046],{"className":54,"code":138045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138047,138048,138060,138094,138098],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138049,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138051,450],{"class":67},[61,138053,72],{"class":71},[61,138055,311],{"class":310},[61,138057,137977],{"class":314},[61,138059,318],{"class":310},[61,138061,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138063,1593],{"class":67},[61,138065,72],{"class":71},[61,138067,42864],{"class":67},[61,138069,229],{"class":93},[61,138071,35024],{"class":102},[61,138073,94],{"class":93},[61,138075,1010],{"class":310},[61,138077,37075],{"class":314},[61,138079,1010],{"class":310},[61,138081,106],{"class":93},[61,138083,311],{"class":310},[61,138085,57951],{"class":314},[61,138087,1010],{"class":310},[61,138089,106],{"class":93},[61,138091,3040],{"class":75},[61,138093,258],{"class":93},[61,138095,138096],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,138097,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,138099,138100,138102,138104,138106],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,138101,90],{"class":89},[61,138103,94],{"class":93},[61,138105,1620],{"class":102},[61,138107,258],{"class":93},[20,138109,345],{},[52,138111,138113],{"className":54,"code":138112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138114,138115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138116,138117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138118,138112],{"class":67},[20,138120,138121],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138123,138124,138125,229],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[221,138126,127905],{"href":124349},[47,138128,138130],{"id":138129},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138132,138133,138135],{},[15,138134,124352],{}," can also change single characters.",[260,138137,138139],{"id":138138},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[52,138141,138143],{"className":54,"code":138142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138144,138145,138157,138187,138191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138146,138147,138149,138151,138153,138155],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138148,450],{"class":67},[61,138150,72],{"class":71},[61,138152,311],{"class":310},[61,138154,4127],{"class":314},[61,138156,318],{"class":310},[61,138158,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138160,1593],{"class":67},[61,138162,72],{"class":71},[61,138164,42864],{"class":67},[61,138166,229],{"class":93},[61,138168,35024],{"class":102},[61,138170,94],{"class":93},[61,138172,1010],{"class":310},[61,138174,221],{"class":314},[61,138176,1010],{"class":310},[61,138178,106],{"class":93},[61,138180,311],{"class":310},[61,138182,60298],{"class":314},[61,138184,1010],{"class":310},[61,138186,258],{"class":93},[61,138188,138189],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,138190,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,138192,138193,138195,138197,138199],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,138194,90],{"class":89},[61,138196,94],{"class":93},[61,138198,1620],{"class":102},[61,138200,258],{"class":93},[20,138202,345],{},[52,138204,138206],{"className":54,"code":138205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bonono\n",[15,138207,138208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138209,138210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138211,138205],{"class":67},[260,138213,138215],{"id":138214},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138217,138218],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[52,138220,138222],{"className":54,"code":138221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138223,138224,138237,138261,138265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138225,138226,138228,138230,138232,138235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138227,450],{"class":67},[61,138229,72],{"class":71},[61,138231,311],{"class":310},[61,138233,138234],{"class":314},"a b c",[61,138236,318],{"class":310},[61,138238,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138240,1593],{"class":67},[61,138242,72],{"class":71},[61,138244,42864],{"class":67},[61,138246,229],{"class":93},[61,138248,35024],{"class":102},[61,138250,94],{"class":93},[61,138252,1010],{"class":310},[61,138254,311],{"class":310},[61,138256,106],{"class":93},[61,138258,6165],{"class":310},[61,138260,258],{"class":93},[61,138262,138263],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,138264,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,138266,138267,138269,138271,138273],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,138268,90],{"class":89},[61,138270,94],{"class":93},[61,138272,1620],{"class":102},[61,138274,258],{"class":93},[20,138276,345],{},[52,138278,138280],{"className":54,"code":138279,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abc\n",[15,138281,138282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138283,138284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138285,138279],{"class":67},[20,138287,138288],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138290,138291,138292,138296,138297,138301],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[221,138293,126181,138294,10770],{"href":128868},[15,138295,60356],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[221,138298,126181,138299,10770],{"href":136751},[15,138300,41678],{}," is often a better choice.",[47,138303,123828],{"id":123827},[20,138305,138306,123639],{},[15,138307,124352],{},[20,138309,127226,138310,749,138312,127233],{},[15,138311,112865],{},[15,138313,138314],{},"\"Cat\"",[52,138316,138318],{"className":54,"code":138317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138319,138320,138333,138363,138367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138321,138322,138324,138326,138328,138331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138323,450],{"class":67},[61,138325,72],{"class":71},[61,138327,311],{"class":310},[61,138329,138330],{"class":314},"Cat cat CAT",[61,138332,318],{"class":310},[61,138334,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138336,1593],{"class":67},[61,138338,72],{"class":71},[61,138340,42864],{"class":67},[61,138342,229],{"class":93},[61,138344,35024],{"class":102},[61,138346,94],{"class":93},[61,138348,1010],{"class":310},[61,138350,37075],{"class":314},[61,138352,1010],{"class":310},[61,138354,106],{"class":93},[61,138356,311],{"class":310},[61,138358,57951],{"class":314},[61,138360,1010],{"class":310},[61,138362,258],{"class":93},[61,138364,138365],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,138366,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,138368,138369,138371,138373,138375],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,138370,90],{"class":89},[61,138372,94],{"class":93},[61,138374,1620],{"class":102},[61,138376,258],{"class":93},[20,138378,345],{},[52,138380,138382],{"className":54,"code":138381,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138383,138384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138385,138386,138389],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138387,138388],{"class":67},"Cat dog ",[61,138390,138391],{"class":34483},"CAT\n",[20,138393,138394,138395,138397],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138396,112865],{}," was replaced.",[20,138399,138400],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138402,138403,138404,229],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[221,138405,126181,138406,10770],{"href":123908},[15,138407,123911],{},[47,138409,151,138411,11732],{"id":138410},"what-replace-returns",[15,138412,124352],{},[20,138414,138415,138417],{},[15,138416,124352],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138419,138420],{},"If no match is found:",[164,138422,138423,138426],{},[167,138424,138425],{},"no error happens",[167,138427,138428],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138430,295],{},[52,138432,138434],{"className":54,"code":138433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138435,138436,138448,138478,138482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138437,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138439,450],{"class":67},[61,138441,72],{"class":71},[61,138443,311],{"class":310},[61,138445,457],{"class":314},[61,138447,318],{"class":310},[61,138449,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138451,1593],{"class":67},[61,138453,72],{"class":71},[61,138455,42864],{"class":67},[61,138457,229],{"class":93},[61,138459,35024],{"class":102},[61,138461,94],{"class":93},[61,138463,1010],{"class":310},[61,138465,2228],{"class":314},[61,138467,1010],{"class":310},[61,138469,106],{"class":93},[61,138471,311],{"class":310},[61,138473,11772],{"class":314},[61,138475,1010],{"class":310},[61,138477,258],{"class":93},[61,138479,138480],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,138481,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,138483,138484,138486,138488,138490],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,138485,90],{"class":89},[61,138487,94],{"class":93},[61,138489,1620],{"class":102},[61,138491,258],{"class":93},[20,138493,345],{},[52,138495,138497],{"className":54,"code":138496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello\n",[15,138498,138499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138500,138501],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138502,138496],{"class":67},[20,138504,138505],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[52,138507,138509],{"className":54,"code":138508,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138510,138511,138523],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138512,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138514,450],{"class":67},[61,138516,72],{"class":71},[61,138518,311],{"class":310},[61,138520,60231],{"class":314},[61,138522,318],{"class":310},[61,138524,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138526,130020],{"class":67},[61,138528,72],{"class":71},[61,138530,42864],{"class":67},[61,138532,229],{"class":93},[61,138534,35024],{"class":102},[61,138536,94],{"class":93},[61,138538,1010],{"class":310},[61,138540,60416],{"class":314},[61,138542,1010],{"class":310},[61,138544,106],{"class":93},[61,138546,311],{"class":310},[61,138548,7331],{"class":314},[61,138550,1010],{"class":310},[61,138552,258],{"class":93},[20,138554,138555],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[52,138557,138559],{"className":54,"code":138558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138560,138561,138573],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138562,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138564,450],{"class":67},[61,138566,72],{"class":71},[61,138568,311],{"class":310},[61,138570,60231],{"class":314},[61,138572,318],{"class":310},[61,138574,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138576,450],{"class":67},[61,138578,72],{"class":71},[61,138580,42864],{"class":67},[61,138582,229],{"class":93},[61,138584,35024],{"class":102},[61,138586,94],{"class":93},[61,138588,1010],{"class":310},[61,138590,60416],{"class":314},[61,138592,1010],{"class":310},[61,138594,106],{"class":93},[61,138596,311],{"class":310},[61,138598,7331],{"class":314},[61,138600,1010],{"class":310},[61,138602,258],{"class":93},[47,138604,1387],{"id":1386},[20,138606,138607,138608,1314],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138609,124352],{},[164,138611,138612,138615,138619,138622],{},[167,138613,138614],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[167,138616,8485,138617,131401],{},[15,138618,124352],{},[167,138620,138621],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[167,138623,37232,138624,138626],{},[15,138625,124352],{}," with regex-based replacements",[260,138628,138630,138631,138633],{"id":138629},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138632,124352],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138635,138636,138637,1314],{},"This does not update ",[15,138638,476],{},[52,138640,138642],{"className":54,"code":138641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138643,138644,138656,138682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138645,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138647,450],{"class":67},[61,138649,72],{"class":71},[61,138651,311],{"class":310},[61,138653,137667],{"class":314},[61,138655,318],{"class":310},[61,138657,138658,138660,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138659,476],{"class":67},[61,138661,229],{"class":93},[61,138663,35024],{"class":102},[61,138665,94],{"class":93},[61,138667,1010],{"class":310},[61,138669,137688],{"class":314},[61,138671,1010],{"class":310},[61,138673,106],{"class":93},[61,138675,311],{"class":310},[61,138677,137697],{"class":314},[61,138679,1010],{"class":310},[61,138681,258],{"class":93},[61,138683,138684,138686,138688,138690],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,138685,90],{"class":89},[61,138687,94],{"class":93},[61,138689,476],{"class":102},[61,138691,258],{"class":93},[20,138693,345],{},[52,138695,138696],{"className":54,"code":137915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,138697,138698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138699,138700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138701,137915],{"class":67},[20,138703,10837],{},[52,138705,138707],{"className":54,"code":138706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138708,138709,138721,138751],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138710,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138712,450],{"class":67},[61,138714,72],{"class":71},[61,138716,311],{"class":310},[61,138718,137667],{"class":314},[61,138720,318],{"class":310},[61,138722,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138724,450],{"class":67},[61,138726,72],{"class":71},[61,138728,42864],{"class":67},[61,138730,229],{"class":93},[61,138732,35024],{"class":102},[61,138734,94],{"class":93},[61,138736,1010],{"class":310},[61,138738,137688],{"class":314},[61,138740,1010],{"class":310},[61,138742,106],{"class":93},[61,138744,311],{"class":310},[61,138746,137697],{"class":314},[61,138748,1010],{"class":310},[61,138750,258],{"class":93},[61,138752,138753,138755,138757,138759],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,138754,90],{"class":89},[61,138756,94],{"class":93},[61,138758,476],{"class":102},[61,138760,258],{"class":93},[20,138762,345],{},[52,138764,138765],{"className":54,"code":137716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,138766,138767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138768,138769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138770,137716],{"class":67},[260,138772,138774],{"id":138773},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[52,138776,138778],{"className":54,"code":138777,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138779,138780,138792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138781,138782,138784,138786,138788,138790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138783,450],{"class":67},[61,138785,72],{"class":71},[61,138787,311],{"class":310},[61,138789,34892],{"class":314},[61,138791,318],{"class":310},[61,138793,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138795,90],{"class":89},[61,138797,94],{"class":93},[61,138799,476],{"class":102},[61,138801,229],{"class":93},[61,138803,35024],{"class":102},[61,138805,94],{"class":93},[61,138807,1010],{"class":310},[61,138809,457],{"class":314},[61,138811,1010],{"class":310},[61,138813,106],{"class":93},[61,138815,311],{"class":310},[61,138817,89762],{"class":314},[61,138819,1010],{"class":310},[61,138821,342],{"class":93},[20,138823,345],{},[52,138825,138826],{"className":54,"code":88775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,138827,138828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138829,138830],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138831,88775],{"class":67},[20,138833,138834,138835,749,138837,138839],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138836,64360],{},[15,138838,90244],{}," are not the same.",[260,138841,138843],{"id":138842},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[52,138845,138847],{"className":54,"code":138846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138848,138849,138862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138850,138851,138853,138855,138857,138860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138852,450],{"class":67},[61,138854,72],{"class":71},[61,138856,311],{"class":310},[61,138858,138859],{"class":314},"red red red",[61,138861,318],{"class":310},[61,138863,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138865,90],{"class":89},[61,138867,94],{"class":93},[61,138869,476],{"class":102},[61,138871,229],{"class":93},[61,138873,35024],{"class":102},[61,138875,94],{"class":93},[61,138877,1010],{"class":310},[61,138879,13119],{"class":314},[61,138881,1010],{"class":310},[61,138883,106],{"class":93},[61,138885,311],{"class":310},[61,138887,13136],{"class":314},[61,138889,1010],{"class":310},[61,138891,342],{"class":93},[20,138893,345],{},[52,138895,138897],{"className":54,"code":138896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138898,138899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138900,138901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138902,138896],{"class":67},[20,138904,138905,138906,1314],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138907,952],{},[52,138909,138911],{"className":54,"code":138910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138912,138913,138925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138914,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138916,450],{"class":67},[61,138918,72],{"class":71},[61,138920,311],{"class":310},[61,138922,138859],{"class":314},[61,138924,318],{"class":310},[61,138926,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,138928,90],{"class":89},[61,138930,94],{"class":93},[61,138932,476],{"class":102},[61,138934,229],{"class":93},[61,138936,35024],{"class":102},[61,138938,94],{"class":93},[61,138940,1010],{"class":310},[61,138942,13119],{"class":314},[61,138944,1010],{"class":310},[61,138946,106],{"class":93},[61,138948,311],{"class":310},[61,138950,13136],{"class":314},[61,138952,1010],{"class":310},[61,138954,106],{"class":93},[61,138956,5535],{"class":75},[61,138958,342],{"class":93},[20,138960,345],{},[52,138962,138964],{"className":54,"code":138963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue red red\n",[15,138965,138966],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138967,138968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138969,138963],{"class":67},[260,138971,138973,138974,138976],{"id":138972},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138975,124352],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138978,138979],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[164,138981,138982,138989,138996],{},[167,138983,143,138984,138988],{},[221,138985,138986],{"href":128868},[15,138987,60356],{}," to break a string into a list",[167,138990,143,138991,138995],{},[221,138992,138993],{"href":136751},[15,138994,41678],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[167,138997,143,138998,139000],{},[15,138999,124352],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[47,139002,1879],{"id":1878},[260,139004,1928,139006,124508],{"id":139005},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139007,124352],{},[20,139009,139010],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[260,139012,139014],{"id":139013},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139016,139017],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[260,139019,139021],{"id":139020},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139023,139024],{},"Use the third argument:",[52,139026,139028],{"className":54,"code":139027,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139029,139030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139031,139032,139034,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139033,476],{"class":67},[61,139035,229],{"class":93},[61,139037,35024],{"class":102},[61,139039,94],{"class":93},[61,139041,137778],{"class":102},[61,139043,106],{"class":93},[61,139045,137783],{"class":102},[61,139047,106],{"class":93},[61,139049,5535],{"class":75},[61,139051,258],{"class":93},[260,139053,1898,139055,139057],{"id":139054},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139056,124352],{}," remove text?",[20,139059,139060],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[52,139062,139064],{"className":54,"code":139063,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139065,139066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139067,139068,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139069,476],{"class":67},[61,139071,229],{"class":93},[61,139073,35024],{"class":102},[61,139075,94],{"class":93},[61,139077,1010],{"class":310},[61,139079,2228],{"class":314},[61,139081,1010],{"class":310},[61,139083,106],{"class":93},[61,139085,6165],{"class":310},[61,139087,258],{"class":93},[260,139089,14930,139091,124517],{"id":139090},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139092,124352],{},[20,139094,129710],{},[47,139096,1938],{"id":1937},[164,139098,139099,139103,139109,139115,139121],{},[167,139100,139101],{},[221,139102,124587],{"href":124349},[167,139104,139105],{},[221,139106,126181,139107,10770],{"href":128868},[15,139108,60356],{},[167,139110,139111],{},[221,139112,126181,139113,10770],{"href":136751},[15,139114,41678],{},[167,139116,139117],{},[221,139118,126181,139119,10770],{"href":123908},[15,139120,123911],{},[167,139122,139123],{},[221,139124,124936],{"href":50797},[1969,139126,139127],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":139129},[139130,139131,139133,139136,139137,139141,139145,139146,139148,139156,139166],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":137731,"depth":79,"text":139132},"What replace() does",{"id":5467,"depth":79,"text":5468,"children":139134},[139135],{"id":17420,"depth":86,"text":17421},{"id":5824,"depth":79,"text":5825},{"id":137946,"depth":79,"text":137947,"children":139138},[139139,139140],{"id":137960,"depth":86,"text":137961},{"id":138041,"depth":86,"text":138042},{"id":138129,"depth":79,"text":138130,"children":139142},[139143,139144],{"id":138138,"depth":86,"text":138139},{"id":138214,"depth":86,"text":138215},{"id":123827,"depth":79,"text":123828},{"id":138410,"depth":79,"text":139147},"What replace() returns",{"id":1386,"depth":79,"text":1387,"children":139149},[139150,139152,139153,139154],{"id":138629,"depth":86,"text":139151},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138773,"depth":86,"text":138774},{"id":138842,"depth":86,"text":138843},{"id":138972,"depth":86,"text":139155},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":139157},[139158,139160,139161,139162,139164],{"id":139005,"depth":86,"text":139159},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139013,"depth":86,"text":139014},{"id":139020,"depth":86,"text":139021},{"id":139054,"depth":86,"text":139163},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139090,"depth":86,"text":139165},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137616,"description":139167},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139174,"title":139175,"body":139176,"description":141195,"extension":2017,"meta":141196,"navigation":82,"path":141197,"seo":141198,"stem":141199,"__hash__":141200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139177,"toc":141159},[139178,139183,139188,139191,139202,139204,139259,139264,139269,139276,139278,139293,139295,139351,139353,139391,139396,139398,139422,139425,139438,139443,139445,139477,139479,139512,139518,139523,139526,139536,139539,139541,139597,139599,139649,139652,139660,139663,139719,139721,139794,139807,139815,139819,139830,139833,139836,139889,139891,139923,139926,139980,139982,140017,140020,140025,140030,140035,140038,140040,140098,140100,140134,140136,140151,140154,140156,140198,140200,140226,140231,140239,140242,140244,140326,140328,140379,140382,140393,140401,140403,140476,140478,140496,140500,140503,140507,140534,140536,140544,140548,140583,140585,140598,140602,140605,140644,140646,140663,140668,140673,140684,140687,140698,140700,140702,140728,140731,140780,140782,140799,140802,140804,140856,140858,140890,140893,140951,140956,140958,140963,141066,141068,141082,141084,141091,141096,141101,141106,141111,141116,141119,141123,141128,141130,141156],[10,139179,123181,139181,11352],{"id":139180},"python-string-split-method",[15,139182,60356],{},[20,139184,123186,139185,139187],{},[15,139186,60356],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139189,139190],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[164,139192,139193,139196,139199],{},[167,139194,139195],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[167,139197,139198],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[167,139200,139201],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[47,139203,2059],{"id":2058},[52,139205,139207],{"className":54,"code":139206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139208,139209,139222,139244,139254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139210,139211,139213,139215,139217,139220],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139212,450],{"class":67},[61,139214,72],{"class":71},[61,139216,311],{"class":310},[61,139218,139219],{"class":314},"apple,banana,cherry",[61,139221,318],{"class":310},[61,139223,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236,139238,139240,139242],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139225,42859],{"class":67},[61,139227,72],{"class":71},[61,139229,42864],{"class":67},[61,139231,229],{"class":93},[61,139233,34499],{"class":102},[61,139235,94],{"class":93},[61,139237,1010],{"class":310},[61,139239,106],{"class":314},[61,139241,1010],{"class":310},[61,139243,258],{"class":93},[61,139245,139246,139248,139250,139252],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,139247,90],{"class":89},[61,139249,94],{"class":93},[61,139251,42891],{"class":102},[61,139253,258],{"class":93},[61,139255,139256],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,139257,139258],{"class":116},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139260,143,139261,139263],{},[15,139262,60356],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[47,139265,151,139267,154],{"id":139266},"what-split-does",[15,139268,60356],{},[20,139270,139271,132229,139273,229],{},[15,139272,60356],{},[3784,139274,139275],{},"string method",[20,139277,162],{},[164,139279,139280,139283,139288],{},[167,139281,139282],{},"divides a string into parts",[167,139284,119483,139285],{},[3784,139286,139287],{},"new list of strings",[167,139289,119489,139290,139292],{},[3784,139291,4670],{}," change the original string",[20,139294,295],{},[52,139296,139298],{"className":54,"code":139297,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139299,139300,139313,139327,139331,139341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139301,139302,139304,139306,139308,139311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139303,450],{"class":67},[61,139305,72],{"class":71},[61,139307,311],{"class":310},[61,139309,139310],{"class":314},"red blue green",[61,139312,318],{"class":310},[61,139314,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139316,42859],{"class":67},[61,139318,72],{"class":71},[61,139320,42864],{"class":67},[61,139322,229],{"class":93},[61,139324,34499],{"class":102},[61,139326,8676],{"class":93},[61,139328,139329],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,139330,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,139332,139333,139335,139337,139339],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,139334,90],{"class":89},[61,139336,94],{"class":93},[61,139338,476],{"class":102},[61,139340,258],{"class":93},[61,139342,139343,139345,139347,139349],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,139344,90],{"class":89},[61,139346,94],{"class":93},[61,139348,42891],{"class":102},[61,139350,258],{"class":93},[20,139352,345],{},[52,139354,139356],{"className":54,"code":139355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139357,139358,139363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139359,139360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139361,139362],{"class":67},"red blue green\n",[61,139364,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139366,1356],{"class":93},[61,139368,3348],{"class":310},[61,139370,13119],{"class":314},[61,139372,3348],{"class":310},[61,139374,106],{"class":93},[61,139376,3343],{"class":310},[61,139378,13136],{"class":314},[61,139380,3348],{"class":310},[61,139382,106],{"class":93},[61,139384,3343],{"class":310},[61,139386,17482],{"class":314},[61,139388,3348],{"class":310},[61,139390,1115],{"class":93},[20,139392,139393,139394,229],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[221,139395,124936],{"href":50797},[47,139397,233],{"id":232},[52,139399,139401],{"className":54,"code":139400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139402,139403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139404,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139420],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139406,60999],{"class":67},[61,139408,229],{"class":93},[61,139410,34499],{"class":102},[61,139412,94],{"class":93},[61,139414,133585],{"class":102},[61,139416,106],{"class":93},[61,139418,139419],{"class":102}," maxsplit",[61,139421,258],{"class":93},[20,139423,139424],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[164,139426,139427,139432],{},[167,139428,139429,139431],{},[15,139430,133585],{}," tells Python where to split",[167,139433,139434,139437],{},[15,139435,139436],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139439,8908,139440,139442],{},[15,139441,133585],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139444,295],{},[52,139446,139448],{"className":54,"code":139447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139449,139450,139463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139451,139452,139454,139456,139458,139461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139453,450],{"class":67},[61,139455,72],{"class":71},[61,139457,311],{"class":310},[61,139459,139460],{"class":314},"one two three",[61,139462,318],{"class":310},[61,139464,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139466,90],{"class":89},[61,139468,94],{"class":93},[61,139470,476],{"class":102},[61,139472,229],{"class":93},[61,139474,34499],{"class":102},[61,139476,7228],{"class":93},[20,139478,345],{},[52,139480,139482],{"className":54,"code":139481,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139483,139484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139485,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139487,1356],{"class":93},[61,139489,3348],{"class":310},[61,139491,6620],{"class":314},[61,139493,3348],{"class":310},[61,139495,106],{"class":93},[61,139497,3343],{"class":310},[61,139499,79097],{"class":314},[61,139501,3348],{"class":310},[61,139503,106],{"class":93},[61,139505,3343],{"class":310},[61,139507,134067],{"class":314},[61,139509,3348],{"class":310},[61,139511,1115],{"class":93},[47,139513,8449,139515,139517],{"id":139514},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139516,60356],{}," with no separator",[20,139519,70000,139520,139522],{},[15,139521,60356],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139524,139525],{},"Whitespace includes:",[164,139527,139528,139530,139533],{},[167,139529,10483],{},[167,139531,139532],{},"tabs",[167,139534,139535],{},"new lines",[20,139537,139538],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139540,295],{},[52,139542,139544],{"className":54,"code":139543,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139545,139546,139569,139583,139587],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139547,139548,139550,139552,139554,139557,139560,139562,139564,139567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139549,450],{"class":67},[61,139551,72],{"class":71},[61,139553,311],{"class":310},[61,139555,139556],{"class":314},"Python   is",[61,139558,139559],{"class":34483},"\\t",[61,139561,133321],{"class":314},[61,139563,86979],{"class":34483},[61,139565,139566],{"class":314},"and useful",[61,139568,318],{"class":310},[61,139570,139571,139573,139575,139577,139579,139581],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139572,42859],{"class":67},[61,139574,72],{"class":71},[61,139576,42864],{"class":67},[61,139578,229],{"class":93},[61,139580,34499],{"class":102},[61,139582,8676],{"class":93},[61,139584,139585],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,139586,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,139588,139589,139591,139593,139595],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,139590,90],{"class":89},[61,139592,94],{"class":93},[61,139594,42891],{"class":102},[61,139596,258],{"class":93},[20,139598,345],{},[52,139600,139602],{"className":54,"code":139601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139603,139604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139605,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139645,139647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139607,1356],{"class":93},[61,139609,3348],{"class":310},[61,139611,7331],{"class":314},[61,139613,3348],{"class":310},[61,139615,106],{"class":93},[61,139617,3343],{"class":310},[61,139619,1199],{"class":314},[61,139621,3348],{"class":310},[61,139623,106],{"class":93},[61,139625,3343],{"class":310},[61,139627,133321],{"class":314},[61,139629,3348],{"class":310},[61,139631,106],{"class":93},[61,139633,3343],{"class":310},[61,139635,129946],{"class":314},[61,139637,3348],{"class":310},[61,139639,106],{"class":93},[61,139641,3343],{"class":310},[61,139643,139644],{"class":314},"useful",[61,139646,3348],{"class":310},[61,139648,1115],{"class":93},[20,139650,139651],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[260,139653,139655,741,139657],{"id":139654},"split-vs-split",[15,139656,60356],{},[15,139658,139659],{},"split(' ')",[20,139661,139662],{},"These are not the same.",[52,139664,139666],{"className":54,"code":139665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139667,139668,139681,139685,139699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139669,139670,139672,139674,139676,139679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139671,450],{"class":67},[61,139673,72],{"class":71},[61,139675,311],{"class":310},[61,139677,139678],{"class":314},"a  b   c",[61,139680,318],{"class":310},[61,139682,139683],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139684,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,139686,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,139688,90],{"class":89},[61,139690,94],{"class":93},[61,139692,476],{"class":102},[61,139694,229],{"class":93},[61,139696,34499],{"class":102},[61,139698,7228],{"class":93},[61,139700,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,139702,90],{"class":89},[61,139704,94],{"class":93},[61,139706,476],{"class":102},[61,139708,229],{"class":93},[61,139710,34499],{"class":102},[61,139712,94],{"class":93},[61,139714,1010],{"class":310},[61,139716,311],{"class":310},[61,139718,342],{"class":93},[20,139720,345],{},[52,139722,139724],{"className":54,"code":139723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139725,139726,139754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139727,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139729,1356],{"class":93},[61,139731,3348],{"class":310},[61,139733,221],{"class":314},[61,139735,3348],{"class":310},[61,139737,106],{"class":93},[61,139739,3343],{"class":310},[61,139741,1101],{"class":314},[61,139743,3348],{"class":310},[61,139745,106],{"class":93},[61,139747,3343],{"class":310},[61,139749,1110],{"class":314},[61,139751,3348],{"class":310},[61,139753,1115],{"class":93},[61,139755,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139757,1356],{"class":93},[61,139759,3348],{"class":310},[61,139761,221],{"class":314},[61,139763,3348],{"class":310},[61,139765,106],{"class":93},[61,139767,3881],{"class":310},[61,139769,106],{"class":93},[61,139771,3343],{"class":310},[61,139773,1101],{"class":314},[61,139775,3348],{"class":310},[61,139777,106],{"class":93},[61,139779,3881],{"class":310},[61,139781,106],{"class":93},[61,139783,3881],{"class":310},[61,139785,106],{"class":93},[61,139787,3343],{"class":310},[61,139789,1110],{"class":314},[61,139791,3348],{"class":310},[61,139793,1115],{"class":93},[164,139795,139796,139801],{},[167,139797,139798,139800],{},[15,139799,60356],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[167,139802,139803,139806],{},[15,139804,139805],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139808,139809,139810,139814],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[221,139811,126181,139812,10770],{"href":136751},[15,139813,41678],{}," is often useful.",[47,139816,139818],{"id":139817},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139820,139821,139822,186,139825,283,139827,229],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139823,139824],{},"\",\"",[15,139826,133420],{},[15,139828,139829],{},"\"::\"",[20,139831,139832],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139834,139835],{},"Example with commas:",[52,139837,139839],{"className":54,"code":139838,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139840,139841,139853,139875,139879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139842,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139844,450],{"class":67},[61,139846,72],{"class":71},[61,139848,311],{"class":310},[61,139850,139219],{"class":314},[61,139852,318],{"class":310},[61,139854,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139856,42859],{"class":67},[61,139858,72],{"class":71},[61,139860,42864],{"class":67},[61,139862,229],{"class":93},[61,139864,34499],{"class":102},[61,139866,94],{"class":93},[61,139868,1010],{"class":310},[61,139870,106],{"class":314},[61,139872,1010],{"class":310},[61,139874,258],{"class":93},[61,139876,139877],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,139878,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,139880,139881,139883,139885,139887],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,139882,90],{"class":89},[61,139884,94],{"class":93},[61,139886,42891],{"class":102},[61,139888,258],{"class":93},[20,139890,345],{},[52,139892,139893],{"className":54,"code":78276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,139894,139895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139896,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139898,1356],{"class":93},[61,139900,3348],{"class":310},[61,139902,4118],{"class":314},[61,139904,3348],{"class":310},[61,139906,106],{"class":93},[61,139908,3343],{"class":310},[61,139910,4127],{"class":314},[61,139912,3348],{"class":310},[61,139914,106],{"class":93},[61,139916,3343],{"class":310},[61,139918,4136],{"class":314},[61,139920,3348],{"class":310},[61,139922,1115],{"class":93},[20,139924,139925],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[52,139927,139929],{"className":54,"code":139928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139930,139931,139944,139966,139970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139932,139933,139935,139937,139939,139942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139934,450],{"class":67},[61,139936,72],{"class":71},[61,139938,311],{"class":310},[61,139940,139941],{"class":314},"2024::10::31",[61,139943,318],{"class":310},[61,139945,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,139947,42859],{"class":67},[61,139949,72],{"class":71},[61,139951,42864],{"class":67},[61,139953,229],{"class":93},[61,139955,34499],{"class":102},[61,139957,94],{"class":93},[61,139959,1010],{"class":310},[61,139961,76493],{"class":314},[61,139963,1010],{"class":310},[61,139965,258],{"class":93},[61,139967,139968],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,139969,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,139971,139972,139974,139976,139978],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,139973,90],{"class":89},[61,139975,94],{"class":93},[61,139977,42891],{"class":102},[61,139979,258],{"class":93},[20,139981,345],{},[52,139983,139985],{"className":54,"code":139984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139986,139987],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139988,139989,139991,139993,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140013,140015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139990,1356],{"class":93},[61,139992,3348],{"class":310},[61,139994,139995],{"class":314},"2024",[61,139997,3348],{"class":310},[61,139999,106],{"class":93},[61,140001,3343],{"class":310},[61,140003,2379],{"class":314},[61,140005,3348],{"class":310},[61,140007,106],{"class":93},[61,140009,3343],{"class":310},[61,140011,140012],{"class":314},"31",[61,140014,3348],{"class":310},[61,140016,1115],{"class":93},[20,140018,140019],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140021,140022,140023,229],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[221,140024,128865],{"href":128864},[47,140026,8449,140028],{"id":140027},"using-maxsplit",[15,140029,139436],{},[20,140031,140032,140034],{},[15,140033,139436],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140036,140037],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140039,295],{},[52,140041,140043],{"className":54,"code":140042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140044,140045,140058,140084,140088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140046,140047,140049,140051,140053,140056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140048,450],{"class":67},[61,140050,72],{"class":71},[61,140052,311],{"class":310},[61,140054,140055],{"class":314},"name:age:city:country",[61,140057,318],{"class":310},[61,140059,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140061,42859],{"class":67},[61,140063,72],{"class":71},[61,140065,42864],{"class":67},[61,140067,229],{"class":93},[61,140069,34499],{"class":102},[61,140071,94],{"class":93},[61,140073,1010],{"class":310},[61,140075,1314],{"class":314},[61,140077,1010],{"class":310},[61,140079,106],{"class":93},[61,140081,3040],{"class":75},[61,140083,258],{"class":93},[61,140085,140086],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,140087,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,140089,140090,140092,140094,140096],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,140091,90],{"class":89},[61,140093,94],{"class":93},[61,140095,42891],{"class":102},[61,140097,258],{"class":93},[20,140099,345],{},[52,140101,140103],{"className":54,"code":140102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140104,140105],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140106,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140130,140132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140108,1356],{"class":93},[61,140110,3348],{"class":310},[61,140112,335],{"class":314},[61,140114,3348],{"class":310},[61,140116,106],{"class":93},[61,140118,3343],{"class":310},[61,140120,9331],{"class":314},[61,140122,3348],{"class":310},[61,140124,106],{"class":93},[61,140126,3343],{"class":310},[61,140128,140129],{"class":314},"city:country",[61,140131,3348],{"class":310},[61,140133,1115],{"class":93},[20,140135,2233],{},[164,140137,140138,140143,140148],{},[167,140139,140140,140141],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140142,1314],{},[167,140144,140145,140146],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140147,1314],{},[167,140149,140150],{},"then stops",[20,140152,140153],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140155,51902],{},[52,140157,140159],{"className":54,"code":140158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140160,140161,140174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140162,140163,140165,140167,140169,140172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140164,450],{"class":67},[61,140166,72],{"class":71},[61,140168,311],{"class":310},[61,140170,140171],{"class":314},"apple banana cherry grape",[61,140173,318],{"class":310},[61,140175,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140177,90],{"class":89},[61,140179,94],{"class":93},[61,140181,476],{"class":102},[61,140183,229],{"class":93},[61,140185,34499],{"class":102},[61,140187,94],{"class":93},[61,140189,1010],{"class":310},[61,140191,311],{"class":310},[61,140193,106],{"class":93},[61,140195,5535],{"class":75},[61,140197,342],{"class":93},[20,140199,345],{},[52,140201,140203],{"className":54,"code":140202,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140204,140205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140206,140207,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140222,140224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140208,1356],{"class":93},[61,140210,3348],{"class":310},[61,140212,4118],{"class":314},[61,140214,3348],{"class":310},[61,140216,106],{"class":93},[61,140218,3343],{"class":310},[61,140220,140221],{"class":314},"banana cherry grape",[61,140223,3348],{"class":310},[61,140225,1115],{"class":93},[47,140227,151,140229,11732],{"id":140228},"what-split-returns",[15,140230,60356],{},[20,140232,140233,140234,140236,140237,229],{},"The result of ",[15,140235,60356],{}," is always a ",[3784,140238,192],{},[20,140240,140241],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140243,295],{},[52,140245,140247],{"className":54,"code":140246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140248,140249,140262,140284,140288,140298,140312],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140250,140251,140253,140255,140257,140260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140252,450],{"class":67},[61,140254,72],{"class":71},[61,140256,311],{"class":310},[61,140258,140259],{"class":314},"cat,dog,bird",[61,140261,318],{"class":310},[61,140263,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140265,42859],{"class":67},[61,140267,72],{"class":71},[61,140269,42864],{"class":67},[61,140271,229],{"class":93},[61,140273,34499],{"class":102},[61,140275,94],{"class":93},[61,140277,1010],{"class":310},[61,140279,106],{"class":314},[61,140281,1010],{"class":310},[61,140283,258],{"class":93},[61,140285,140286],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,140287,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,140289,140290,140292,140294,140296],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,140291,90],{"class":89},[61,140293,94],{"class":93},[61,140295,42891],{"class":102},[61,140297,258],{"class":93},[61,140299,140300,140302,140304,140306,140308,140310],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,140301,90],{"class":89},[61,140303,94],{"class":93},[61,140305,657],{"class":109},[61,140307,94],{"class":93},[61,140309,42891],{"class":102},[61,140311,342],{"class":93},[61,140313,140314,140316,140318,140320,140322,140324],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,140315,90],{"class":89},[61,140317,94],{"class":93},[61,140319,42891],{"class":102},[61,140321,1356],{"class":93},[61,140323,2175],{"class":75},[61,140325,1365],{"class":93},[20,140327,345],{},[52,140329,140331],{"className":54,"code":140330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140332,140333,140361,140375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140334,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140336,1356],{"class":93},[61,140338,3348],{"class":310},[61,140340,37075],{"class":314},[61,140342,3348],{"class":310},[61,140344,106],{"class":93},[61,140346,3343],{"class":310},[61,140348,57951],{"class":314},[61,140350,3348],{"class":310},[61,140352,106],{"class":93},[61,140354,3343],{"class":310},[61,140356,57968],{"class":314},[61,140358,3348],{"class":310},[61,140360,1115],{"class":93},[61,140362,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140364,3337],{"class":71},[61,140366,3340],{"class":882},[61,140368,3343],{"class":310},[61,140370,192],{"class":314},[61,140372,3348],{"class":310},[61,140374,3351],{"class":71},[61,140376,140377],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,140378,85295],{"class":67},[20,140380,140381],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[164,140383,140384,140387,140390],{},[167,140385,140386],{},"loop over it",[167,140388,140389],{},"access items by index",[167,140391,140392],{},"combine items again later",[20,140394,140395,140396,229],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[221,140397,126181,140399,10770],{"href":140398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140400,133263],{},[20,140402,295],{},[52,140404,140406],{"className":54,"code":140405,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140407,140408,140440,140462,140466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140409,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140411,42859],{"class":67},[61,140413,72],{"class":71},[61,140415,1088],{"class":93},[61,140417,3348],{"class":310},[61,140419,37075],{"class":314},[61,140421,3348],{"class":310},[61,140423,106],{"class":93},[61,140425,3343],{"class":310},[61,140427,57951],{"class":314},[61,140429,3348],{"class":310},[61,140431,106],{"class":93},[61,140433,3343],{"class":310},[61,140435,57968],{"class":314},[61,140437,3348],{"class":310},[61,140439,1115],{"class":93},[61,140441,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140443,450],{"class":67},[61,140445,72],{"class":71},[61,140447,311],{"class":310},[61,140449,2078],{"class":314},[61,140451,1010],{"class":310},[61,140453,229],{"class":93},[61,140455,133340],{"class":102},[61,140457,94],{"class":93},[61,140459,42891],{"class":102},[61,140461,258],{"class":93},[61,140463,140464],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,140465,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,140467,140468,140470,140472,140474],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,140469,90],{"class":89},[61,140471,94],{"class":93},[61,140473,476],{"class":102},[61,140475,258],{"class":93},[20,140477,345],{},[52,140479,140481],{"className":54,"code":140480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140482,140483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140484,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140486,37075],{"class":67},[61,140488,2078],{"class":71},[61,140490,57951],{"class":67},[61,140492,2078],{"class":71},[61,140494,140495],{"class":67},"bird\n",[47,140497,140499],{"id":140498},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140501,140502],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[260,140504,140506],{"id":140505},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[52,140508,140510],{"className":54,"code":140509,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140511,140512,140520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140513,140514,140516,140518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140515,450],{"class":67},[61,140517,72],{"class":71},[61,140519,7916],{"class":310},[61,140521,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140523,90],{"class":89},[61,140525,94],{"class":93},[61,140527,476],{"class":102},[61,140529,229],{"class":93},[61,140531,34499],{"class":102},[61,140533,7228],{"class":93},[20,140535,345],{},[52,140537,140538],{"className":54,"code":38325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,140539,140540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140541,140542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140543,38325],{"class":93},[260,140545,140547],{"id":140546},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[52,140549,140551],{"className":54,"code":140550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140552,140553,140561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140554,140555,140557,140559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140556,450],{"class":67},[61,140558,72],{"class":71},[61,140560,7916],{"class":310},[61,140562,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140564,90],{"class":89},[61,140566,94],{"class":93},[61,140568,476],{"class":102},[61,140570,229],{"class":93},[61,140572,34499],{"class":102},[61,140574,94],{"class":93},[61,140576,1010],{"class":310},[61,140578,106],{"class":314},[61,140580,1010],{"class":310},[61,140582,342],{"class":93},[20,140584,345],{},[52,140586,140588],{"className":54,"code":140587,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['']\n",[15,140589,140590],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140591,140592,140594,140596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140593,1356],{"class":93},[61,140595,3815],{"class":310},[61,140597,1115],{"class":93},[260,140599,140601],{"id":140600},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140603,140604],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[52,140606,140608],{"className":54,"code":140607,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140609,140610,140622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140611,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140613,450],{"class":67},[61,140615,72],{"class":71},[61,140617,311],{"class":310},[61,140619,457],{"class":314},[61,140621,318],{"class":310},[61,140623,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140625,90],{"class":89},[61,140627,94],{"class":93},[61,140629,476],{"class":102},[61,140631,229],{"class":93},[61,140633,34499],{"class":102},[61,140635,94],{"class":93},[61,140637,1010],{"class":310},[61,140639,106],{"class":314},[61,140641,1010],{"class":310},[61,140643,342],{"class":93},[20,140645,345],{},[52,140647,140649],{"className":54,"code":140648,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['hello']\n",[15,140650,140651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140652,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140654,1356],{"class":93},[61,140656,3348],{"class":310},[61,140658,457],{"class":314},[61,140660,3348],{"class":310},[61,140662,1115],{"class":93},[47,140664,5001,140666],{"id":140665},"when-to-use-split",[15,140667,60356],{},[20,140669,143,140670,140672],{},[15,140671,60356],{}," when you need to:",[164,140674,140675,140678,140681],{},[167,140676,140677],{},"split a sentence into words",[167,140679,140680],{},"split comma-separated values",[167,140682,140683],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140685,140686],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[164,140688,140689,140692,140695],{},[167,140690,140691],{},"cleaning text",[167,140693,140694],{},"parsing user input",[167,140696,140697],{},"processing simple file content",[47,140699,2878],{"id":2877},[20,140701,84066],{},[164,140703,140704,140708,140714,140717,140725],{},[167,140705,1854,140706,131401],{},[15,140707,60356],{},[167,140709,140710,140711,140713],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140712,60356],{}," returns a list, not a string",[167,140715,140716],{},"using the wrong separator",[167,140718,140719,140720,140722,140723],{},"assuming ",[15,140721,139659],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140724,60356],{},[167,140726,140727],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140729,140730],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[52,140732,140734],{"className":54,"code":140733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140735,140736,140748,140766,140770],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140737,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140739,450],{"class":67},[61,140741,72],{"class":71},[61,140743,311],{"class":310},[61,140745,42852],{"class":314},[61,140747,318],{"class":310},[61,140749,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140751,476],{"class":67},[61,140753,229],{"class":93},[61,140755,34499],{"class":102},[61,140757,94],{"class":93},[61,140759,1010],{"class":310},[61,140761,106],{"class":314},[61,140763,1010],{"class":310},[61,140765,258],{"class":93},[61,140767,140768],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,140769,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,140771,140772,140774,140776,140778],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,140773,90],{"class":89},[61,140775,94],{"class":93},[61,140777,476],{"class":102},[61,140779,258],{"class":93},[20,140781,345],{},[52,140783,140785],{"className":54,"code":140784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a,b,c\n",[15,140786,140787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140788,140789,140791,140793,140795,140797],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140790,221],{"class":67},[61,140792,106],{"class":93},[61,140794,1101],{"class":67},[61,140796,106],{"class":93},[61,140798,69072],{"class":67},[20,140800,140801],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140803,10837],{},[52,140805,140806],{"className":54,"code":42839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,140807,140808,140820,140842,140846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140811,450],{"class":67},[61,140813,72],{"class":71},[61,140815,311],{"class":310},[61,140817,42852],{"class":314},[61,140819,318],{"class":310},[61,140821,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140823,42859],{"class":67},[61,140825,72],{"class":71},[61,140827,42864],{"class":67},[61,140829,229],{"class":93},[61,140831,34499],{"class":102},[61,140833,94],{"class":93},[61,140835,1010],{"class":310},[61,140837,106],{"class":314},[61,140839,1010],{"class":310},[61,140841,258],{"class":93},[61,140843,140844],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,140845,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,140847,140848,140850,140852,140854],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,140849,90],{"class":89},[61,140851,94],{"class":93},[61,140853,42891],{"class":102},[61,140855,258],{"class":93},[20,140857,345],{},[52,140859,140860],{"className":54,"code":42898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,140861,140862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140863,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880,140882,140884,140886,140888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140865,1356],{"class":93},[61,140867,3348],{"class":310},[61,140869,221],{"class":314},[61,140871,3348],{"class":310},[61,140873,106],{"class":93},[61,140875,3343],{"class":310},[61,140877,1101],{"class":314},[61,140879,3348],{"class":310},[61,140881,106],{"class":93},[61,140883,3343],{"class":310},[61,140885,1110],{"class":314},[61,140887,3348],{"class":310},[61,140889,1115],{"class":93},[20,140891,140892],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[52,140894,140896],{"className":54,"code":140895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140897,140898,140911,140933,140937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140899,140900,140902,140904,140906,140909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140901,450],{"class":67},[61,140903,72],{"class":71},[61,140905,311],{"class":310},[61,140907,140908],{"class":314},"apple,banana",[61,140910,318],{"class":310},[61,140912,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140914,42859],{"class":67},[61,140916,72],{"class":71},[61,140918,42864],{"class":67},[61,140920,229],{"class":93},[61,140922,34499],{"class":102},[61,140924,94],{"class":93},[61,140926,1010],{"class":310},[61,140928,106],{"class":314},[61,140930,1010],{"class":310},[61,140932,258],{"class":93},[61,140934,140935],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,140936,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,140938,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,140940,90],{"class":89},[61,140942,94],{"class":93},[61,140944,42891],{"class":102},[61,140946,1356],{"class":93},[61,140948,2113],{"class":75},[61,140950,1365],{"class":93},[20,140952,140953,140954,229],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[221,140955,69085],{"href":69084},[260,140957,60535],{"id":60534},[20,140959,8908,140960,140962],{},[15,140961,60356],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[52,140964,140966],{"className":54,"code":140965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140967,140968,140978,140992,141014,141040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140969,140970,140972,140974,140976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140971,90],{"class":89},[61,140973,94],{"class":93},[61,140975,476],{"class":102},[61,140977,258],{"class":93},[61,140979,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,140981,90],{"class":89},[61,140983,94],{"class":93},[61,140985,476],{"class":102},[61,140987,229],{"class":93},[61,140989,34499],{"class":102},[61,140991,7228],{"class":93},[61,140993,140994,140996,140998,141000,141002,141004,141006,141008,141010,141012],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,140995,90],{"class":89},[61,140997,94],{"class":93},[61,140999,476],{"class":102},[61,141001,229],{"class":93},[61,141003,34499],{"class":102},[61,141005,94],{"class":93},[61,141007,3348],{"class":310},[61,141009,106],{"class":314},[61,141011,3348],{"class":310},[61,141013,342],{"class":93},[61,141015,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,141017,90],{"class":89},[61,141019,94],{"class":93},[61,141021,11191],{"class":89},[61,141023,94],{"class":93},[61,141025,476],{"class":102},[61,141027,229],{"class":93},[61,141029,34499],{"class":102},[61,141031,94],{"class":93},[61,141033,3348],{"class":310},[61,141035,106],{"class":314},[61,141037,3348],{"class":310},[61,141039,582],{"class":93},[61,141041,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,141043,90],{"class":89},[61,141045,94],{"class":93},[61,141047,657],{"class":109},[61,141049,94],{"class":93},[61,141051,476],{"class":102},[61,141053,229],{"class":93},[61,141055,34499],{"class":102},[61,141057,94],{"class":93},[61,141059,3348],{"class":310},[61,141061,106],{"class":314},[61,141063,3348],{"class":310},[61,141065,582],{"class":93},[20,141067,11200],{},[164,141069,141070,141073,141076,141079],{},[167,141071,141072],{},"what the original string looks like",[167,141074,141075],{},"which separator works",[167,141077,141078],{},"how many items were created",[167,141080,141081],{},"that the result is a list",[47,141083,1879],{"id":1878},[260,141085,1911,141087,749,141089,1916],{"id":141086},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141088,60356],{},[15,141090,139659],{},[20,141092,141093,141095],{},[15,141094,60356],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141097,141098,141100],{},[15,141099,139659],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[260,141102,1928,141104,124508],{"id":141103},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141105,60356],{},[20,141107,141108,141109,56302],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141110,60356],{},[260,141112,1883,141114,39988],{"id":141113},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141115,139436],{},[20,141117,141118],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[260,141120,141122],{"id":141121},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141124,29088,141125,141127],{},[15,141126,60356],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[47,141129,1938],{"id":1937},[164,141131,141132,141136,141142,141148,141152],{},[167,141133,141134],{},[221,141135,129786],{"href":128864},[167,141137,141138],{},[221,141139,126181,141140,10770],{"href":140398},[15,141141,133263],{},[167,141143,141144],{},[221,141145,126181,141146,10770],{"href":136751},[15,141147,41678],{},[167,141149,141150],{},[221,141151,124936],{"href":50797},[167,141153,141154],{},[221,141155,69085],{"href":69084},[1969,141157,141158],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":141160},[141161,141162,141164,141165,141170,141171,141173,141175,141180,141182,141185,141194],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":139266,"depth":79,"text":141163},"What split() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":139514,"depth":79,"text":141166,"children":141167},"Using split() with no separator",[141168],{"id":139654,"depth":86,"text":141169},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139817,"depth":79,"text":139818},{"id":140027,"depth":79,"text":141172},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140228,"depth":79,"text":141174},"What split() returns",{"id":140498,"depth":79,"text":140499,"children":141176},[141177,141178,141179],{"id":140505,"depth":86,"text":140506},{"id":140546,"depth":86,"text":140547},{"id":140600,"depth":86,"text":140601},{"id":140665,"depth":79,"text":141181},"When to use split()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":141183},[141184],{"id":60534,"depth":86,"text":60535},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":141186},[141187,141189,141191,141193],{"id":141086,"depth":86,"text":141188},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141103,"depth":86,"text":141190},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141113,"depth":86,"text":141192},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141121,"depth":86,"text":141122},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139175,"description":141195},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141202,"title":141203,"body":141204,"description":143147,"extension":2017,"meta":143148,"navigation":82,"path":143149,"seo":143150,"stem":143151,"__hash__":143152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141205,"toc":143106},[141206,141211,141216,141223,141296,141301,141306,141311,141327,141329,141399,141401,141403,141423,141425,141470,141475,141477,141575,141580,141584,141589,141593,141596,141638,141642,141645,141690,141694,141697,141747,141751,141756,141808,141810,141815,141826,141831,141911,141913,141925,141934,141941,141956,141958,142073,142079,142083,142086,142091,142233,142236,142243,142245,142249,142257,142326,142332,142381,142386,142391,142393,142413,142415,142481,142483,142487,142490,142494,142535,142537,142570,142575,142578,142605,142607,142650,142657,142662,142672,142738,142742,142750,142755,142806,142810,142813,142815,142824,142826,142876,142878,142985,142987,142992,142999,143005,143008,143039,143044,143046,143053,143061,143070,143073,143075,143103],[10,141207,123181,141209,11352],{"id":141208},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141210,127549],{},[20,141212,123186,141213,141215],{},[15,141214,127549],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141217,126247,141218,31,141220,141222],{},[15,141219,30],{},[15,141221,34],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[52,141224,141226],{"className":54,"code":141225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141227,141228,141241,141245,141270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141229,141230,141232,141234,141236,141239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141231,450],{"class":67},[61,141233,72],{"class":71},[61,141235,311],{"class":310},[61,141237,141238],{"class":314},"Python Beginner Help",[61,141240,318],{"class":310},[61,141242,141243],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141244,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,141246,141247,141249,141251,141253,141255,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,141248,90],{"class":89},[61,141250,94],{"class":93},[61,141252,476],{"class":102},[61,141254,229],{"class":93},[61,141256,141257],{"class":102},"startswith",[61,141259,94],{"class":93},[61,141261,1010],{"class":310},[61,141263,7331],{"class":314},[61,141265,1010],{"class":310},[61,141267,113],{"class":93},[61,141269,117],{"class":116},[61,141271,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141289,141291,141293],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,141273,90],{"class":89},[61,141275,94],{"class":93},[61,141277,476],{"class":102},[61,141279,229],{"class":93},[61,141281,141257],{"class":102},[61,141283,94],{"class":93},[61,141285,1010],{"class":310},[61,141287,141288],{"class":314},"Beginner",[61,141290,1010],{"class":310},[61,141292,113],{"class":93},[61,141294,141295],{"class":116}," # False\n",[20,141297,143,141298,141300],{},[15,141299,127549],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[47,141302,151,141304,154],{"id":141303},"what-startswith-does",[15,141305,127549],{},[20,141307,141308,141310],{},[15,141309,127549],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[164,141312,141313,141316,141322,141324],{},[167,141314,141315],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[167,141317,1889,141318,31,141320],{},[15,141319,30],{},[15,141321,34],{},[167,141323,123324],{},[167,141325,141326],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141328,295],{},[52,141330,141332],{"className":54,"code":141331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141333,141334,141346,141350,141375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141335,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141337,305],{"class":67},[61,141339,72],{"class":71},[61,141341,311],{"class":310},[61,141343,7331],{"class":314},[61,141345,318],{"class":310},[61,141347,141348],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141349,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,141351,141352,141354,141356,141358,141360,141362,141364,141366,141369,141371,141373],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,141353,90],{"class":89},[61,141355,94],{"class":93},[61,141357,335],{"class":102},[61,141359,229],{"class":93},[61,141361,141257],{"class":102},[61,141363,94],{"class":93},[61,141365,1010],{"class":310},[61,141367,141368],{"class":314},"Py",[61,141370,1010],{"class":310},[61,141372,113],{"class":93},[61,141374,117],{"class":116},[61,141376,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391,141393,141395,141397],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,141378,90],{"class":89},[61,141380,94],{"class":93},[61,141382,335],{"class":102},[61,141384,229],{"class":93},[61,141386,141257],{"class":102},[61,141388,94],{"class":93},[61,141390,1010],{"class":310},[61,141392,128627],{"class":314},[61,141394,1010],{"class":310},[61,141396,113],{"class":93},[61,141398,140],{"class":116},[47,141400,233],{"id":232},[20,141402,42408],{},[52,141404,141406],{"className":54,"code":141405,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141407,141408],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141409,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418,141421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141411,60999],{"class":67},[61,141413,229],{"class":93},[61,141415,141257],{"class":102},[61,141417,94],{"class":93},[61,141419,141420],{"class":102},"prefix",[61,141422,258],{"class":93},[20,141424,30792],{},[52,141426,141428],{"className":54,"code":141427,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141429,141430,141448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141431,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141433,60999],{"class":67},[61,141435,229],{"class":93},[61,141437,141257],{"class":102},[61,141439,94],{"class":93},[61,141441,141420],{"class":102},[61,141443,106],{"class":93},[61,141445,36078],{"class":102},[61,141447,258],{"class":93},[61,141449,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466,141468],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141451,60999],{"class":67},[61,141453,229],{"class":93},[61,141455,141257],{"class":102},[61,141457,94],{"class":93},[61,141459,141420],{"class":102},[61,141461,106],{"class":93},[61,141463,36078],{"class":102},[61,141465,106],{"class":93},[61,141467,64866],{"class":102},[61,141469,258],{"class":93},[20,141471,20798,141472,141474],{},[15,141473,141420],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141476,295],{},[52,141478,141480],{"className":54,"code":141479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141481,141482,141494,141498,141523,141547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141483,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141485,450],{"class":67},[61,141487,72],{"class":71},[61,141489,311],{"class":310},[61,141491,60231],{"class":314},[61,141493,318],{"class":310},[61,141495,141496],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141497,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,141499,141500,141502,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518,141520],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,141501,90],{"class":89},[61,141503,94],{"class":93},[61,141505,476],{"class":102},[61,141507,229],{"class":93},[61,141509,141257],{"class":102},[61,141511,94],{"class":93},[61,141513,1010],{"class":310},[61,141515,457],{"class":314},[61,141517,1010],{"class":310},[61,141519,113],{"class":93},[61,141521,141522],{"class":116},"      # True\n",[61,141524,141525,141527,141529,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,141526,90],{"class":89},[61,141528,94],{"class":93},[61,141530,476],{"class":102},[61,141532,229],{"class":93},[61,141534,141257],{"class":102},[61,141536,94],{"class":93},[61,141538,1010],{"class":310},[61,141540,60416],{"class":314},[61,141542,1010],{"class":310},[61,141544,113],{"class":93},[61,141546,21228],{"class":116},[61,141548,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,141550,90],{"class":89},[61,141552,94],{"class":93},[61,141554,476],{"class":102},[61,141556,229],{"class":93},[61,141558,141257],{"class":102},[61,141560,94],{"class":93},[61,141562,1010],{"class":310},[61,141564,60416],{"class":314},[61,141566,1010],{"class":310},[61,141568,106],{"class":93},[61,141570,37672],{"class":75},[61,141572,113],{"class":93},[61,141574,117],{"class":116},[20,141576,141577,141578,229],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[221,141579,124936],{"href":50797},[47,141581,141583],{"id":141582},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141585,141586,141588],{},[15,141587,127549],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[260,141590,141591],{"id":141420},[15,141592,141420],{},[20,141594,141595],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[52,141597,141599],{"className":54,"code":141598,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141600,141601,141613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141602,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141604,450],{"class":67},[61,141606,72],{"class":71},[61,141608,311],{"class":310},[61,141610,4127],{"class":314},[61,141612,318],{"class":310},[61,141614,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141632,141634,141636],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141616,90],{"class":89},[61,141618,94],{"class":93},[61,141620,476],{"class":102},[61,141622,229],{"class":93},[61,141624,141257],{"class":102},[61,141626,94],{"class":93},[61,141628,1010],{"class":310},[61,141630,141631],{"class":314},"ban",[61,141633,1010],{"class":310},[61,141635,113],{"class":93},[61,141637,3706],{"class":116},[260,141639,141640],{"id":36099},[15,141641,36099],{},[20,141643,141644],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[52,141646,141648],{"className":54,"code":141647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141649,141650,141662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141651,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141653,450],{"class":67},[61,141655,72],{"class":71},[61,141657,311],{"class":310},[61,141659,60231],{"class":314},[61,141661,318],{"class":310},[61,141663,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684,141686,141688],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141665,90],{"class":89},[61,141667,94],{"class":93},[61,141669,476],{"class":102},[61,141671,229],{"class":93},[61,141673,141257],{"class":102},[61,141675,94],{"class":93},[61,141677,1010],{"class":310},[61,141679,60416],{"class":314},[61,141681,1010],{"class":310},[61,141683,106],{"class":93},[61,141685,37672],{"class":75},[61,141687,113],{"class":93},[61,141689,3706],{"class":116},[260,141691,141692],{"id":52483},[15,141693,52483],{},[20,141695,141696],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[52,141698,141700],{"className":54,"code":141699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141701,141702,141714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141703,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141705,450],{"class":67},[61,141707,72],{"class":71},[61,141709,311],{"class":310},[61,141711,60231],{"class":314},[61,141713,318],{"class":310},[61,141715,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141717,90],{"class":89},[61,141719,94],{"class":93},[61,141721,476],{"class":102},[61,141723,229],{"class":93},[61,141725,141257],{"class":102},[61,141727,94],{"class":93},[61,141729,1010],{"class":310},[61,141731,141732],{"class":314},"wor",[61,141734,1010],{"class":310},[61,141736,106],{"class":93},[61,141738,37672],{"class":75},[61,141740,106],{"class":93},[61,141742,53959],{"class":75},[61,141744,113],{"class":93},[61,141746,3706],{"class":116},[260,141748,141750],{"id":141749},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141752,141753,141755],{},[15,141754,141420],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[52,141757,141759],{"className":54,"code":141758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141760,141761,141774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141762,141763,141765,141767,141769,141772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141764,126264],{"class":67},[61,141766,72],{"class":71},[61,141768,311],{"class":310},[61,141770,141771],{"class":314},"img_001.png",[61,141773,318],{"class":310},[61,141775,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141793,141795,141797,141799,141802,141804,141806],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141777,90],{"class":89},[61,141779,94],{"class":93},[61,141781,126282],{"class":102},[61,141783,229],{"class":93},[61,141785,141257],{"class":102},[61,141787,5548],{"class":93},[61,141789,1010],{"class":310},[61,141791,141792],{"class":314},"img_",[61,141794,1010],{"class":310},[61,141796,106],{"class":93},[61,141798,311],{"class":310},[61,141800,141801],{"class":314},"photo_",[61,141803,1010],{"class":310},[61,141805,50913],{"class":93},[61,141807,3706],{"class":116},[47,141809,17445],{"id":17444},[20,141811,141812,141814],{},[15,141813,127549],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[164,141816,141817,141822],{},[167,141818,141819,141821],{},[15,141820,30],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[167,141823,141824,126866],{},[15,141825,34],{},[20,141827,141828,141829,7206],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141830,1124],{},[52,141832,141834],{"className":54,"code":141833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141835,141836,141850,141854,141875,141890,141896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141837,141838,141841,141843,141845,141848],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141839,141840],{"class":67},"command ",[61,141842,72],{"class":71},[61,141844,311],{"class":310},[61,141846,141847],{"class":314},"\u002Fhelp",[61,141849,318],{"class":310},[61,141851,141852],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141853,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,141855,141856,141858,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,141857,1124],{"class":672},[61,141859,141860],{"class":67}," command",[61,141862,229],{"class":93},[61,141864,141257],{"class":102},[61,141866,94],{"class":93},[61,141868,1010],{"class":310},[61,141870,127073],{"class":314},[61,141872,1010],{"class":310},[61,141874,900],{"class":93},[61,141876,141877,141879,141881,141883,141886,141888],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,141878,1141],{"class":89},[61,141880,94],{"class":93},[61,141882,1010],{"class":310},[61,141884,141885],{"class":314},"This looks like a command.",[61,141887,1010],{"class":310},[61,141889,258],{"class":93},[61,141891,141892,141894],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,141893,27460],{"class":672},[61,141895,6433],{"class":93},[61,141897,141898,141900,141902,141904,141907,141909],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,141899,1141],{"class":89},[61,141901,94],{"class":93},[61,141903,1010],{"class":310},[61,141905,141906],{"class":314},"This is normal text.",[61,141908,1010],{"class":310},[61,141910,258],{"class":93},[20,141912,345],{},[52,141914,141916],{"className":54,"code":141915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141917,141918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141919,141920,141923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141921,141922],{"class":67},"This looks like a command",[61,141924,122213],{"class":93},[47,141926,8449,141928,8738,141930,749,141932],{"id":141927},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141929,127549],{},[15,141931,36099],{},[15,141933,52483],{},[20,141935,2034,141936,749,141938,141940],{},[15,141937,36099],{},[15,141939,52483],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[164,141942,141943,141948,141953],{},[167,141944,141945,141947],{},[15,141946,36099],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[167,141949,141950,141952],{},[15,141951,52483],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[167,141954,141955],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141957,295],{},[52,141959,141961],{"className":54,"code":141960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141962,141963,141975,141979,142008,142041],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141964,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141966,450],{"class":67},[61,141968,72],{"class":71},[61,141970,311],{"class":310},[61,141972,139460],{"class":314},[61,141974,318],{"class":310},[61,141976,141977],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,141978,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,141980,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,141982,90],{"class":89},[61,141984,94],{"class":93},[61,141986,476],{"class":102},[61,141988,229],{"class":93},[61,141990,141257],{"class":102},[61,141992,94],{"class":93},[61,141994,1010],{"class":310},[61,141996,79097],{"class":314},[61,141998,1010],{"class":310},[61,142000,106],{"class":93},[61,142002,2505],{"class":75},[61,142004,113],{"class":93},[61,142006,142007],{"class":116},"        # True\n",[61,142009,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020,142022,142024,142026,142028,142030,142032,142034,142037,142039],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,142011,90],{"class":89},[61,142013,94],{"class":93},[61,142015,476],{"class":102},[61,142017,229],{"class":93},[61,142019,141257],{"class":102},[61,142021,94],{"class":93},[61,142023,1010],{"class":310},[61,142025,134067],{"class":314},[61,142027,1010],{"class":310},[61,142029,106],{"class":93},[61,142031,6399],{"class":75},[61,142033,106],{"class":93},[61,142035,142036],{"class":75}," 13",[61,142038,113],{"class":93},[61,142040,3706],{"class":116},[61,142042,142043,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,142044,90],{"class":89},[61,142046,94],{"class":93},[61,142048,476],{"class":102},[61,142050,229],{"class":93},[61,142052,141257],{"class":102},[61,142054,94],{"class":93},[61,142056,1010],{"class":310},[61,142058,134067],{"class":314},[61,142060,1010],{"class":310},[61,142062,106],{"class":93},[61,142064,6399],{"class":75},[61,142066,106],{"class":93},[61,142068,30971],{"class":75},[61,142070,113],{"class":93},[61,142072,4811],{"class":116},[20,142074,142075,142076,142078],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142077,52483],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[47,142080,142082],{"id":142081},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142084,142085],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142087,142088,142089,628],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142090,627],{},[52,142092,142094],{"className":54,"code":142093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142095,142096,142110,142124,142138,142142,142166,142170,142191,142212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142097,142098,142101,142103,142105,142108],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142099,142100],{"class":67},"filename1 ",[61,142102,72],{"class":71},[61,142104,311],{"class":310},[61,142106,142107],{"class":314},"img_101.jpg",[61,142109,318],{"class":310},[61,142111,142112,142115,142117,142119,142122],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142113,142114],{"class":67},"filename2 ",[61,142116,72],{"class":71},[61,142118,311],{"class":310},[61,142120,142121],{"class":314},"photo_202.jpg",[61,142123,318],{"class":310},[61,142125,142126,142129,142131,142133,142136],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,142127,142128],{"class":67},"filename3 ",[61,142130,72],{"class":71},[61,142132,311],{"class":310},[61,142134,142135],{"class":314},"doc_303.jpg",[61,142137,318],{"class":310},[61,142139,142140],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,142141,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,142143,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,142145,127476],{"class":67},[61,142147,72],{"class":71},[61,142149,572],{"class":93},[61,142151,1010],{"class":310},[61,142153,141792],{"class":314},[61,142155,1010],{"class":310},[61,142157,106],{"class":93},[61,142159,311],{"class":310},[61,142161,141801],{"class":314},[61,142163,1010],{"class":310},[61,142165,258],{"class":93},[61,142167,142168],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,142169,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,142171,142172,142174,142176,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,142173,90],{"class":89},[61,142175,94],{"class":93},[61,142177,142178],{"class":102},"filename1",[61,142180,229],{"class":93},[61,142182,141257],{"class":102},[61,142184,94],{"class":93},[61,142186,127528],{"class":102},[61,142188,113],{"class":93},[61,142190,3706],{"class":116},[61,142192,142193,142195,142197,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,142194,90],{"class":89},[61,142196,94],{"class":93},[61,142198,142199],{"class":102},"filename2",[61,142201,229],{"class":93},[61,142203,141257],{"class":102},[61,142205,94],{"class":93},[61,142207,127528],{"class":102},[61,142209,113],{"class":93},[61,142211,3706],{"class":116},[61,142213,142214,142216,142218,142221,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,142215,90],{"class":89},[61,142217,94],{"class":93},[61,142219,142220],{"class":102},"filename3",[61,142222,229],{"class":93},[61,142224,141257],{"class":102},[61,142226,94],{"class":93},[61,142228,127528],{"class":102},[61,142230,113],{"class":93},[61,142232,4811],{"class":116},[20,142234,142235],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142237,74598,142238,142242],{},[221,142239,126181,142240,10770],{"href":129775},[15,142241,126239],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[47,142244,123828],{"id":123827},[20,142246,142247,123639],{},[15,142248,127549],{},[20,142250,127226,142251,749,142254,127233],{},[15,142252,142253],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142255,142256],{},"\"python\"",[52,142258,142260],{"className":54,"code":142259,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142261,142262,142274,142278,142302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142263,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142265,450],{"class":67},[61,142267,72],{"class":71},[61,142269,311],{"class":310},[61,142271,7331],{"class":314},[61,142273,318],{"class":310},[61,142275,142276],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142277,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,142279,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,142281,90],{"class":89},[61,142283,94],{"class":93},[61,142285,476],{"class":102},[61,142287,229],{"class":93},[61,142289,141257],{"class":102},[61,142291,94],{"class":93},[61,142293,1010],{"class":310},[61,142295,141368],{"class":314},[61,142297,1010],{"class":310},[61,142299,113],{"class":93},[61,142301,3706],{"class":116},[61,142303,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,142305,90],{"class":89},[61,142307,94],{"class":93},[61,142309,476],{"class":102},[61,142311,229],{"class":93},[61,142313,141257],{"class":102},[61,142315,94],{"class":93},[61,142317,1010],{"class":310},[61,142319,128627],{"class":314},[61,142321,1010],{"class":310},[61,142323,113],{"class":93},[61,142325,4811],{"class":116},[20,142327,127318,142328,229],{},[221,142329,142330],{"href":123908},[15,142331,123911],{},[52,142333,142335],{"className":54,"code":142334,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142336,142337,142349,142353],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142338,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142340,450],{"class":67},[61,142342,72],{"class":71},[61,142344,311],{"class":310},[61,142346,7331],{"class":314},[61,142348,318],{"class":310},[61,142350,142351],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142352,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,142354,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,142356,90],{"class":89},[61,142358,94],{"class":93},[61,142360,476],{"class":102},[61,142362,229],{"class":93},[61,142364,8673],{"class":102},[61,142366,8670],{"class":93},[61,142368,141257],{"class":102},[61,142370,94],{"class":93},[61,142372,1010],{"class":310},[61,142374,128627],{"class":314},[61,142376,1010],{"class":310},[61,142378,113],{"class":93},[61,142380,3706],{"class":116},[47,142382,5001,142384],{"id":142383},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142385,127549],{},[20,142387,142388,142390],{},[15,142389,127549],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142392,9405],{},[164,142394,142395,142398,142401,142410],{},[167,142396,142397],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[167,142399,142400],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[167,142402,142403,142404,31,142407],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142405,142406],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142408,142409],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[167,142411,142412],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142414,295],{},[52,142416,142418],{"className":54,"code":142417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142419,142420,142433,142437,142466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142421,142422,142424,142426,142428,142431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142423,127044],{"class":67},[61,142425,72],{"class":71},[61,142427,311],{"class":310},[61,142429,142430],{"class":314},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[61,142432,318],{"class":310},[61,142434,142435],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142436,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,142438,142439,142441,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,142440,1124],{"class":672},[61,142442,142443],{"class":67}," url",[61,142445,229],{"class":93},[61,142447,141257],{"class":102},[61,142449,5548],{"class":93},[61,142451,1010],{"class":310},[61,142453,142406],{"class":314},[61,142455,1010],{"class":310},[61,142457,106],{"class":93},[61,142459,311],{"class":310},[61,142461,142409],{"class":314},[61,142463,1010],{"class":310},[61,142465,69389],{"class":93},[61,142467,142468,142470,142472,142474,142477,142479],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,142469,1141],{"class":89},[61,142471,94],{"class":93},[61,142473,1010],{"class":310},[61,142475,142476],{"class":314},"This looks like a web URL.",[61,142478,1010],{"class":310},[61,142480,258],{"class":93},[47,142482,2878],{"id":2877},[20,142484,23122,142485,229],{},[15,142486,127549],{},[260,142488,138621],{"id":142489},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142491,142492,123639],{},[15,142493,127549],{},[52,142495,142497],{"className":54,"code":142496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142498,142499,142511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142500,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142502,450],{"class":67},[61,142504,72],{"class":71},[61,142506,311],{"class":310},[61,142508,7331],{"class":314},[61,142510,318],{"class":310},[61,142512,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142514,90],{"class":89},[61,142516,94],{"class":93},[61,142518,476],{"class":102},[61,142520,229],{"class":93},[61,142522,141257],{"class":102},[61,142524,94],{"class":93},[61,142526,1010],{"class":310},[61,142528,56],{"class":314},[61,142530,1010],{"class":310},[61,142532,113],{"class":93},[61,142534,4811],{"class":116},[20,142536,39290],{},[52,142538,142540],{"className":54,"code":142539,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142541,142542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142543,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142545,90],{"class":89},[61,142547,94],{"class":93},[61,142549,476],{"class":102},[61,142551,229],{"class":93},[61,142553,8673],{"class":102},[61,142555,8670],{"class":93},[61,142557,141257],{"class":102},[61,142559,94],{"class":93},[61,142561,1010],{"class":310},[61,142563,56],{"class":314},[61,142565,1010],{"class":310},[61,142567,113],{"class":93},[61,142569,3706],{"class":116},[260,142571,29677,142573,137103],{"id":142572},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142574,127549],{},[20,142576,142577],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[52,142579,142581],{"className":54,"code":142580,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142582,142583,142591,142595,142600],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142584,142585,142587,142589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142586,68],{"class":67},[61,142588,72],{"class":71},[61,142590,124863],{"class":75},[61,142592,142593],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142594,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,142596,142597],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,142598,142599],{"class":116},"# This will cause an error:\n",[61,142601,142602],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,142603,142604],{"class":116},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142606,39290],{},[52,142608,142610],{"className":54,"code":142609,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142611,142612,142626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142613,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142615,68],{"class":67},[61,142617,72],{"class":71},[61,142619,135],{"class":109},[61,142621,94],{"class":93},[61,142623,1586],{"class":75},[61,142625,258],{"class":93},[61,142627,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142629,90],{"class":89},[61,142631,94],{"class":93},[61,142633,103],{"class":102},[61,142635,229],{"class":93},[61,142637,141257],{"class":102},[61,142639,94],{"class":93},[61,142641,1010],{"class":310},[61,142643,3035],{"class":314},[61,142645,1010],{"class":310},[61,142647,113],{"class":93},[61,142649,3706],{"class":116},[260,142651,37232,142653,8738,142655],{"id":142652},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142654,127549],{},[15,142656,3924],{},[20,142658,142659,142661],{},[15,142660,127549],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142663,142664,142665,142667,142668,229],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142666,3924],{}," or methods like ",[221,142669,142670],{"href":124191},[15,142671,124176],{},[52,142673,142675],{"className":54,"code":142674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142676,142677,142689,142693,142717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142678,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142680,450],{"class":67},[61,142682,72],{"class":71},[61,142684,311],{"class":310},[61,142686,60231],{"class":314},[61,142688,318],{"class":310},[61,142690,142691],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142692,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,142694,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,142696,90],{"class":89},[61,142698,94],{"class":93},[61,142700,476],{"class":102},[61,142702,229],{"class":93},[61,142704,141257],{"class":102},[61,142706,94],{"class":93},[61,142708,1010],{"class":310},[61,142710,60416],{"class":314},[61,142712,1010],{"class":310},[61,142714,113],{"class":93},[61,142716,4811],{"class":116},[61,142718,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,142720,90],{"class":89},[61,142722,94],{"class":93},[61,142724,1010],{"class":310},[61,142726,60416],{"class":314},[61,142728,1010],{"class":310},[61,142730,21201],{"class":672},[61,142732,42864],{"class":102},[61,142734,664],{"class":93},[61,142736,142737],{"class":116},"           # True\n",[20,142739,135655,142740,229],{},[221,142741,127217],{"href":123436},[260,142743,4744,142745,749,142747,142749],{"id":142744},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142746,36099],{},[15,142748,52483],{}," use index positions",[20,142751,142752,142753,229],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142754,2175],{},[52,142756,142758],{"className":54,"code":142757,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142759,142760,142773,142777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142761,142762,142764,142766,142768,142771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142763,450],{"class":67},[61,142765,72],{"class":71},[61,142767,311],{"class":310},[61,142769,142770],{"class":314},"abcdef",[61,142772,318],{"class":310},[61,142774,142775],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142776,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,142778,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,142780,90],{"class":89},[61,142782,94],{"class":93},[61,142784,476],{"class":102},[61,142786,229],{"class":93},[61,142788,141257],{"class":102},[61,142790,94],{"class":93},[61,142792,1010],{"class":310},[61,142794,142795],{"class":314},"cd",[61,142797,1010],{"class":310},[61,142799,106],{"class":93},[61,142801,3040],{"class":75},[61,142803,113],{"class":93},[61,142805,3706],{"class":116},[260,142807,142809],{"id":142808},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142811,142812],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142814,1400],{},[52,142816,142818],{"className":54,"code":142817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142819,142820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142821,142822],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142823,142817],{"class":116},[20,142825,1443],{},[52,142827,142829],{"className":54,"code":142828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142830,142831,142843],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142832,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142834,450],{"class":67},[61,142836,72],{"class":71},[61,142838,311],{"class":310},[61,142840,7331],{"class":314},[61,142842,318],{"class":310},[61,142844,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867,142870,142872,142874],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142846,90],{"class":89},[61,142848,94],{"class":93},[61,142850,476],{"class":102},[61,142852,229],{"class":93},[61,142854,141257],{"class":102},[61,142856,5548],{"class":93},[61,142858,1010],{"class":310},[61,142860,141368],{"class":314},[61,142862,1010],{"class":310},[61,142864,106],{"class":93},[61,142866,311],{"class":310},[61,142868,142869],{"class":314},"Ja",[61,142871,1010],{"class":310},[61,142873,50913],{"class":93},[61,142875,3706],{"class":116},[20,142877,32111],{},[52,142879,142881],{"className":54,"code":142880,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142882,142883,142893,142907,142929,142955],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142884,142885,142887,142889,142891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142886,90],{"class":89},[61,142888,94],{"class":93},[61,142890,476],{"class":102},[61,142892,258],{"class":93},[61,142894,142895,142897,142899,142901,142903,142905],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,142896,90],{"class":89},[61,142898,94],{"class":93},[61,142900,657],{"class":109},[61,142902,94],{"class":93},[61,142904,476],{"class":102},[61,142906,342],{"class":93},[61,142908,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925,142927],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,142910,90],{"class":89},[61,142912,94],{"class":93},[61,142914,476],{"class":102},[61,142916,229],{"class":93},[61,142918,141257],{"class":102},[61,142920,94],{"class":93},[61,142922,1010],{"class":310},[61,142924,141368],{"class":314},[61,142926,1010],{"class":310},[61,142928,342],{"class":93},[61,142930,142931,142933,142935,142937,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949,142951,142953],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,142932,90],{"class":89},[61,142934,94],{"class":93},[61,142936,476],{"class":102},[61,142938,229],{"class":93},[61,142940,8673],{"class":102},[61,142942,8670],{"class":93},[61,142944,141257],{"class":102},[61,142946,94],{"class":93},[61,142948,1010],{"class":310},[61,142950,128627],{"class":314},[61,142952,1010],{"class":310},[61,142954,342],{"class":93},[61,142956,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973,142975,142977,142979,142981,142983],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,142958,90],{"class":89},[61,142960,94],{"class":93},[61,142962,476],{"class":102},[61,142964,229],{"class":93},[61,142966,141257],{"class":102},[61,142968,5548],{"class":93},[61,142970,1010],{"class":310},[61,142972,141368],{"class":314},[61,142974,1010],{"class":310},[61,142976,106],{"class":93},[61,142978,311],{"class":310},[61,142980,142869],{"class":314},[61,142982,1010],{"class":310},[61,142984,582],{"class":93},[47,142986,1879],{"id":1878},[260,142988,1928,142990,128027],{"id":142989},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142991,127549],{},[20,142993,142994,142995,31,142997,229],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142996,30],{},[15,142998,34],{},[260,143000,1898,143002,143004],{"id":143001},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143003,127549],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143006,143007],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[52,143009,143011],{"className":54,"code":143010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143012,143013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143014,143015,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143016,476],{"class":67},[61,143018,229],{"class":93},[61,143020,141257],{"class":102},[61,143022,5548],{"class":93},[61,143024,1010],{"class":310},[61,143026,221],{"class":314},[61,143028,1010],{"class":310},[61,143030,106],{"class":93},[61,143032,311],{"class":310},[61,143034,1101],{"class":314},[61,143036,1010],{"class":310},[61,143038,342],{"class":93},[260,143040,14930,143042,124517],{"id":143041},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143043,127549],{},[20,143045,129710],{},[260,143047,1911,143049,749,143051,1916],{"id":143048},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143050,127549],{},[15,143052,3924],{},[20,143054,143055,143057,143058,143060],{},[15,143056,127549],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143059,3924],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[260,143062,28355,143064,749,143066,8738,143068,1916],{"id":143063},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143065,36099],{},[15,143067,52483],{},[15,143069,127549],{},[20,143071,143072],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[47,143074,1938],{"id":1937},[164,143076,143077,143083,143089,143095,143099],{},[167,143078,143079],{},[221,143080,126181,143081,10770],{"href":129775},[15,143082,126239],{},[167,143084,143085],{},[221,143086,126181,143087,10770],{"href":124191},[15,143088,124176],{},[167,143090,143091],{},[221,143092,126181,143093,10770],{"href":123908},[15,143094,123911],{},[167,143096,143097],{},[221,143098,124580],{"href":123436},[167,143100,143101],{},[221,143102,124936],{"href":50797},[1969,143104,143105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":143107},[143108,143110,143111,143117,143118,143120,143121,143122,143124,143134,143146],{"id":141303,"depth":79,"text":143109},"What startswith() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":141582,"depth":79,"text":141583,"children":143112},[143113,143114,143115,143116],{"id":141420,"depth":86,"text":141420},{"id":36099,"depth":86,"text":36099},{"id":52483,"depth":86,"text":52483},{"id":141749,"depth":86,"text":141750},{"id":17444,"depth":79,"text":17445},{"id":141927,"depth":79,"text":143119},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142081,"depth":79,"text":142082},{"id":123827,"depth":79,"text":123828},{"id":142383,"depth":79,"text":143123},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":143125},[143126,143127,143129,143131,143133],{"id":142489,"depth":86,"text":138621},{"id":142572,"depth":86,"text":143128},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142652,"depth":86,"text":143130},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142744,"depth":86,"text":143132},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142808,"depth":86,"text":142809},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":143135},[143136,143138,143140,143142,143144],{"id":142989,"depth":86,"text":143137},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143001,"depth":86,"text":143139},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143041,"depth":86,"text":143141},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143048,"depth":86,"text":143143},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143063,"depth":86,"text":143145},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141203,"description":143147},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143154,"title":143155,"body":143156,"description":144610,"extension":2017,"meta":144611,"navigation":82,"path":144612,"seo":144613,"stem":144614,"__hash__":144615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143157,"toc":144580},[143158,143163,143168,143171,143173,143217,143219,143227,143232,143237,143242,143244,143262,143264,143310,143312,143326,143335,143339,143341,143343,143355,143360,143363,143395,143397,143406,143411,143414,143455,143457,143465,143467,143480,143486,143490,143493,143509,143511,143560,143562,143571,143574,143633,143635,143644,143651,143654,143707,143709,143733,143740,143746,143750,143756,143759,143770,143772,143812,143814,143822,143824,143864,143866,143875,143877,143895,143898,143905,143916,143919,143936,143938,144015,144017,144048,144051,144053,144056,144082,144084,144124,144126,144135,144145,144153,144161,144166,144171,144173,144187,144189,144240,144242,144251,144261,144263,144265,144287,144290,144369,144371,144407,144410,144485,144490,144492,144498,144503,144508,144511,144517,144520,144527,144535,144539,144547,144549,144577],[10,143159,123181,143161,11352],{"id":143160},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143162,41678],{},[20,143164,32346,143165,143167],{},[15,143166,41678],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143169,143170],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[47,143172,50],{"id":49},[52,143174,143176],{"className":54,"code":143175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143177,143178,143191,143206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143179,143180,143182,143184,143186,143189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143181,450],{"class":67},[61,143183,72],{"class":71},[61,143185,311],{"class":310},[61,143187,143188],{"class":314},"  hello  ",[61,143190,318],{"class":310},[61,143192,143193,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143194,143195],{"class":67},"clean_text ",[61,143197,72],{"class":71},[61,143199,42864],{"class":67},[61,143201,229],{"class":93},[61,143203,8667],{"class":102},[61,143205,8676],{"class":93},[61,143207,143208,143210,143212,143215],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,143209,90],{"class":89},[61,143211,94],{"class":93},[61,143213,143214],{"class":102},"clean_text",[61,143216,258],{"class":93},[20,143218,345],{},[52,143220,143221],{"className":54,"code":138496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,143222,143223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143224,143225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143226,138496],{"class":67},[20,143228,143,143229,143231],{},[15,143230,41678],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[47,143233,151,143235,154],{"id":143234},"what-strip-does",[15,143236,41678],{},[20,143238,143239,143241],{},[15,143240,41678],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143243,13078],{},[164,143245,143246,143250,143253,143256,143259],{},[167,143247,143248,131531],{},[15,143249,41678],{},[167,143251,143252],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[167,143254,143255],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[167,143257,143258],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[167,143260,143261],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143263,295],{},[52,143265,143267],{"className":54,"code":143266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143268,143269,143282,143286,143300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143270,143271,143273,143275,143277,143280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143272,450],{"class":67},[61,143274,72],{"class":71},[61,143276,311],{"class":310},[61,143278,143279],{"class":314},"  hello world  ",[61,143281,318],{"class":310},[61,143283,143284],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143285,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,143287,143288,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,143289,90],{"class":89},[61,143291,94],{"class":93},[61,143293,476],{"class":102},[61,143295,229],{"class":93},[61,143297,8667],{"class":102},[61,143299,7228],{"class":93},[61,143301,143302,143304,143306,143308],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,143303,90],{"class":89},[61,143305,94],{"class":93},[61,143307,476],{"class":102},[61,143309,258],{"class":93},[20,143311,345],{},[52,143313,143315],{"className":54,"code":143314,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143316,143317,143321],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143318,143319],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143320,134197],{"class":67},[61,143322,143323],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143324,143325],{"class":67},"  hello world\n",[20,143327,143328,143329,143331,143332,143334],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143330,41678],{},", but the original ",[15,143333,476],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143336,124933,143337,229],{},[221,143338,124936],{"href":50797},[47,143340,233],{"id":232},[20,143342,26513],{},[164,143344,143345,143350],{},[167,143346,143347],{},[15,143348,143349],{},"string.strip()",[167,143351,143352],{},[15,143353,143354],{},"string.strip(chars)",[260,143356,143358],{"id":143357},"stringstrip",[15,143359,143349],{},[20,143361,143362],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[52,143364,143366],{"className":54,"code":143365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143367,143368,143381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143369,143370,143372,143374,143376,143379],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143371,305],{"class":67},[61,143373,72],{"class":71},[61,143375,311],{"class":310},[61,143377,143378],{"class":314},"  Alice  ",[61,143380,318],{"class":310},[61,143382,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391,143393],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143384,90],{"class":89},[61,143386,94],{"class":93},[61,143388,335],{"class":102},[61,143390,229],{"class":93},[61,143392,8667],{"class":102},[61,143394,7228],{"class":93},[20,143396,345],{},[52,143398,143400],{"className":54,"code":143399,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Alice\n",[15,143401,143402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143403,143404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143405,143399],{"class":67},[260,143407,143409],{"id":143408},"stringstripchars",[15,143410,143354],{},[20,143412,143413],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[52,143415,143417],{"className":54,"code":143416,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143418,143419,143432],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143420,143421,143423,143425,143427,143430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143422,450],{"class":67},[61,143424,72],{"class":71},[61,143426,311],{"class":310},[61,143428,143429],{"class":314},"!!hello??",[61,143431,318],{"class":310},[61,143433,143434,143436,143438,143440,143442,143444,143446,143448,143451,143453],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143435,90],{"class":89},[61,143437,94],{"class":93},[61,143439,476],{"class":102},[61,143441,229],{"class":93},[61,143443,8667],{"class":102},[61,143445,94],{"class":93},[61,143447,1010],{"class":310},[61,143449,143450],{"class":314},"!?",[61,143452,1010],{"class":310},[61,143454,342],{"class":93},[20,143456,345],{},[52,143458,143459],{"className":54,"code":138496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,143460,143461],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143462,143463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143464,138496],{"class":67},[20,143466,83647],{},[164,143468,143469,143474],{},[167,143470,143471,143473],{},[15,143472,134440],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[167,143475,143476,143477,143479],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143478,134440],{}," does not matter",[47,143481,143483,143484],{"id":143482},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143485,41678],{},[20,143487,30913,143488,229],{},[15,143489,41678],{},[20,143491,143492],{},"It is useful for:",[164,143494,143495,143500,143503,143506],{},[167,143496,143497,143498,3927],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143499,3005],{},[167,143501,143502],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[167,143504,143505],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[167,143507,143508],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143510,48373],{},[52,143512,143514],{"className":54,"code":143513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143515,143516,143529,143545,143549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143517,143518,143520,143522,143524,143527],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143519,7996],{"class":67},[61,143521,72],{"class":71},[61,143523,311],{"class":310},[61,143525,143526],{"class":314},"  sam  ",[61,143528,318],{"class":310},[61,143530,143531,143534,143536,143539,143541,143543],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143532,143533],{"class":67},"clean_username ",[61,143535,72],{"class":71},[61,143537,143538],{"class":67}," username",[61,143540,229],{"class":93},[61,143542,8667],{"class":102},[61,143544,8676],{"class":93},[61,143546,143547],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,143548,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,143550,143551,143553,143555,143558],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,143552,90],{"class":89},[61,143554,94],{"class":93},[61,143556,143557],{"class":102},"clean_username",[61,143559,258],{"class":93},[20,143561,345],{},[52,143563,143565],{"className":54,"code":143564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sam\n",[15,143566,143567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143568,143569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143570,143564],{"class":67},[20,143572,143573],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[52,143575,143577],{"className":54,"code":143576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143578,143579,143592,143596,143618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143580,143581,143583,143585,143587,143590],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143582,136424],{"class":67},[61,143584,72],{"class":71},[61,143586,311],{"class":310},[61,143588,143589],{"class":314}," yes  ",[61,143591,318],{"class":310},[61,143593,143594],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143595,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,143597,143598,143600,143602,143604,143606,143608,143610,143612,143614,143616],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,143599,1124],{"class":672},[61,143601,136444],{"class":67},[61,143603,229],{"class":93},[61,143605,8667],{"class":102},[61,143607,7400],{"class":93},[61,143609,667],{"class":71},[61,143611,311],{"class":310},[61,143613,8691],{"class":314},[61,143615,1010],{"class":310},[61,143617,6433],{"class":93},[61,143619,143620,143622,143624,143626,143629,143631],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,143621,1141],{"class":89},[61,143623,94],{"class":93},[61,143625,1010],{"class":310},[61,143627,143628],{"class":314},"Matched",[61,143630,1010],{"class":310},[61,143632,258],{"class":93},[20,143634,345],{},[52,143636,143638],{"className":54,"code":143637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Matched\n",[15,143639,143640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143641,143642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143643,143637],{"class":67},[20,143645,143646,143647,229],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[221,143648,143650],{"href":143649},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143652,143653],{},"Example with file-style text:",[52,143655,143657],{"className":54,"code":143656,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143658,143659,143675,143689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143660,143661,143664,143666,143668,143671,143673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143662,143663],{"class":67},"line ",[61,143665,72],{"class":71},[61,143667,311],{"class":310},[61,143669,143670],{"class":314},"Python basics",[61,143672,86979],{"class":34483},[61,143674,318],{"class":310},[61,143676,143677,143679,143681,143683,143685,143687],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143678,90],{"class":89},[61,143680,94],{"class":93},[61,143682,1804],{"class":89},[61,143684,94],{"class":93},[61,143686,63],{"class":102},[61,143688,342],{"class":93},[61,143690,143691,143693,143695,143697,143699,143701,143703,143705],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,143692,90],{"class":89},[61,143694,94],{"class":93},[61,143696,1804],{"class":89},[61,143698,94],{"class":93},[61,143700,63],{"class":102},[61,143702,229],{"class":93},[61,143704,8667],{"class":102},[61,143706,6329],{"class":93},[20,143708,345],{},[52,143710,143712],{"className":54,"code":143711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143713,143714,143725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143715,143716,143718,143720,143723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143717,3348],{"class":43351},[61,143719,143670],{"class":43355},[61,143721,86979],{"class":143722},"sfi6f",[61,143724,29727],{"class":43351},[61,143726,143727,143729,143731],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143728,3348],{"class":43351},[61,143730,143670],{"class":43355},[61,143732,29727],{"class":43351},[20,143734,8449,143735,143737,143738,229],{},[15,143736,122395],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143739,86979],{},[20,143741,143742,143743,229],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[221,143744,143745],{"href":87632},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[47,143747,143749],{"id":143748},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143751,143752,143753,229],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143754,143755],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143757,143758],{},"Python will:",[164,143760,143761,143764,143767],{},[167,143762,143763],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[167,143765,143766],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[167,143768,143769],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143771,295],{},[52,143773,143775],{"className":54,"code":143774,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143776,143777,143790],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143778,143779,143781,143783,143785,143788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143780,450],{"class":67},[61,143782,72],{"class":71},[61,143784,311],{"class":310},[61,143786,143787],{"class":314},"??hello!!",[61,143789,318],{"class":310},[61,143791,143792,143794,143796,143798,143800,143802,143804,143806,143808,143810],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143793,90],{"class":89},[61,143795,94],{"class":93},[61,143797,476],{"class":102},[61,143799,229],{"class":93},[61,143801,8667],{"class":102},[61,143803,94],{"class":93},[61,143805,1010],{"class":310},[61,143807,143450],{"class":314},[61,143809,1010],{"class":310},[61,143811,342],{"class":93},[20,143813,345],{},[52,143815,143816],{"className":54,"code":138496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,143817,143818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143819,143820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143821,138496],{"class":67},[20,143823,51902],{},[52,143825,143827],{"className":54,"code":143826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143828,143829,143842],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143830,143831,143833,143835,143837,143840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143832,450],{"class":67},[61,143834,72],{"class":71},[61,143836,311],{"class":310},[61,143838,143839],{"class":314},"abcHelloCba",[61,143841,318],{"class":310},[61,143843,143844,143846,143848,143850,143852,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143845,90],{"class":89},[61,143847,94],{"class":93},[61,143849,476],{"class":102},[61,143851,229],{"class":93},[61,143853,8667],{"class":102},[61,143855,94],{"class":93},[61,143857,1010],{"class":310},[61,143859,41585],{"class":314},[61,143861,1010],{"class":310},[61,143863,342],{"class":93},[20,143865,345],{},[52,143867,143869],{"className":54,"code":143868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HelloC\n",[15,143870,143871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143872,143873],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143874,143868],{"class":67},[20,143876,6274],{},[20,143878,143879,14080,143882,143884,143885,143887,143888,186,143890,283,143892,143894],{},[15,143880,143881],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3784,143883,4670],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143886,41585],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143889,221],{},[15,143891,1101],{},[15,143893,1110],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143896,143897],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143899,143900,143901,1649],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[221,143902,143903],{"href":129762},[15,143904,124352],{},[47,143906,143908,741,143910,741,143913],{"id":143907},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143909,41678],{},[15,143911,143912],{},"lstrip()",[15,143914,143915],{},"rstrip()",[20,143917,143918],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[164,143920,143921,143926,143931],{},[167,143922,143923,143925],{},[15,143924,41678],{}," removes from both ends",[167,143927,143928,143930],{},[15,143929,143912],{}," removes from the left side only",[167,143932,143933,143935],{},[15,143934,143915],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143937,295],{},[52,143939,143941],{"className":54,"code":143940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143942,143943,143955,143959,143977,143996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143944,143945,143947,143949,143951,143953],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143946,450],{"class":67},[61,143948,72],{"class":71},[61,143950,311],{"class":310},[61,143952,143188],{"class":314},[61,143954,318],{"class":310},[61,143956,143957],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,143958,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,143960,143961,143963,143965,143967,143969,143971,143973,143975],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,143962,90],{"class":89},[61,143964,94],{"class":93},[61,143966,1804],{"class":89},[61,143968,94],{"class":93},[61,143970,476],{"class":102},[61,143972,229],{"class":93},[61,143974,8667],{"class":102},[61,143976,6329],{"class":93},[61,143978,143979,143981,143983,143985,143987,143989,143991,143994],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,143980,90],{"class":89},[61,143982,94],{"class":93},[61,143984,1804],{"class":89},[61,143986,94],{"class":93},[61,143988,476],{"class":102},[61,143990,229],{"class":93},[61,143992,143993],{"class":102},"lstrip",[61,143995,6329],{"class":93},[61,143997,143998,144000,144002,144004,144006,144008,144010,144013],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,143999,90],{"class":89},[61,144001,94],{"class":93},[61,144003,1804],{"class":89},[61,144005,94],{"class":93},[61,144007,476],{"class":102},[61,144009,229],{"class":93},[61,144011,144012],{"class":102},"rstrip",[61,144014,6329],{"class":93},[20,144016,345],{},[52,144018,144020],{"className":54,"code":144019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144021,144022,144030,144039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144023,144024,144026,144028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144025,3348],{"class":43351},[61,144027,457],{"class":43355},[61,144029,29727],{"class":43351},[61,144031,144032,144034,144037],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144033,3348],{"class":43351},[61,144035,144036],{"class":43355},"hello  ",[61,144038,29727],{"class":43351},[61,144040,144041,144043,144046],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,144042,3348],{"class":43351},[61,144044,144045],{"class":43355},"  hello",[61,144047,29727],{"class":43351},[20,144049,144050],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[47,144052,108189],{"id":108188},[20,144054,144055],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[164,144057,144058,144066,144076,144079],{},[167,144059,144060,144062,144063,144065],{},[15,144061,143881],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144064,41554],{}," once",[167,144067,144068,144069,186,144071,283,144073,144075],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144070,221],{},[15,144072,1101],{},[15,144074,1110],{}," from both ends",[167,144077,144078],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[167,144080,144081],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144083,295],{},[52,144085,144087],{"className":54,"code":144086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144088,144089,144102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144090,144091,144093,144095,144097,144100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144092,126264],{"class":67},[61,144094,72],{"class":71},[61,144096,311],{"class":310},[61,144098,144099],{"class":314},"txt_report.txt",[61,144101,318],{"class":310},[61,144103,144104,144106,144108,144110,144112,144114,144116,144118,144120,144122],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144105,90],{"class":89},[61,144107,94],{"class":93},[61,144109,126282],{"class":102},[61,144111,229],{"class":93},[61,144113,8667],{"class":102},[61,144115,94],{"class":93},[61,144117,1010],{"class":310},[61,144119,126317],{"class":314},[61,144121,1010],{"class":310},[61,144123,342],{"class":93},[20,144125,345],{},[52,144127,144129],{"className":54,"code":144128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"_report\n",[15,144130,144131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144132,144133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144134,144128],{"class":67},[20,144136,144137,144138,186,144140,283,144142,144144],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144139,229],{},[15,144141,63112],{},[15,144143,2228],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144146,53476,144147,4823,144150,144152],{},[15,144148,144149],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3784,144151,4670],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144154,144155,144156,144160],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[221,144157,144158],{"href":129762},[15,144159,124352],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[47,144162,5001,144164],{"id":144163},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144165,41678],{},[20,144167,143,144168,144170],{},[15,144169,41678],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144172,36453],{},[164,144174,144175,144179,144181,144184],{},[167,144176,143497,144177,3927],{},[15,144178,3005],{},[167,144180,143502],{},[167,144182,144183],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[167,144185,144186],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144188,295],{},[52,144190,144192],{"className":54,"code":144191,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144193,144194,144208,144212,144225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144195,144196,144199,144201,144203,144206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144197,144198],{"class":67},"email ",[61,144200,72],{"class":71},[61,144202,311],{"class":310},[61,144204,144205],{"class":314},"  user@example.com  ",[61,144207,318],{"class":310},[61,144209,144210],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144211,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,144213,144214,144216,144219,144221,144223],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,144215,1124],{"class":672},[61,144217,144218],{"class":67}," email",[61,144220,229],{"class":93},[61,144222,8667],{"class":102},[61,144224,21623],{"class":93},[61,144226,144227,144229,144231,144233,144236,144238],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,144228,1141],{"class":89},[61,144230,94],{"class":93},[61,144232,1010],{"class":310},[61,144234,144235],{"class":314},"Email was entered",[61,144237,1010],{"class":310},[61,144239,258],{"class":93},[20,144241,345],{},[52,144243,144245],{"className":54,"code":144244,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Email was entered\n",[15,144246,144247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144248,144249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144250,144244],{"class":67},[20,144252,144253,144254,144256,144257,229],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144255,41678],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[221,144258,144259],{"href":123908},[15,144260,123911],{},[47,144262,2878],{"id":2877},[20,144264,84066],{},[164,144266,144267,144271,144276,144281],{},[167,144268,8485,144269,131401],{},[15,144270,41678],{},[167,144272,8485,144273,144275],{},[15,144274,41678],{}," to remove text from the middle",[167,144277,8449,144278,144280],{},[15,144279,144149],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[167,144282,4744,144283,144286],{},[15,144284,144285],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144288,144289],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[52,144291,144293],{"className":54,"code":144292,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144294,144295,144309,144313,144323,144337,144351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144296,144297,144299,144301,144303,144305,144307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144298,450],{"class":67},[61,144300,72],{"class":71},[61,144302,311],{"class":310},[61,144304,144045],{"class":314},[61,144306,86979],{"class":34483},[61,144308,318],{"class":310},[61,144310,144311],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144312,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,144314,144315,144317,144319,144321],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,144316,90],{"class":89},[61,144318,94],{"class":93},[61,144320,476],{"class":102},[61,144322,258],{"class":93},[61,144324,144325,144327,144329,144331,144333,144335],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,144326,90],{"class":89},[61,144328,94],{"class":93},[61,144330,1804],{"class":89},[61,144332,94],{"class":93},[61,144334,476],{"class":102},[61,144336,342],{"class":93},[61,144338,144339,144341,144343,144345,144347,144349],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,144340,90],{"class":89},[61,144342,94],{"class":93},[61,144344,476],{"class":102},[61,144346,229],{"class":93},[61,144348,8667],{"class":102},[61,144350,7228],{"class":93},[61,144352,144353,144355,144357,144359,144361,144363,144365,144367],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,144354,90],{"class":89},[61,144356,94],{"class":93},[61,144358,1804],{"class":89},[61,144360,94],{"class":93},[61,144362,476],{"class":102},[61,144364,229],{"class":93},[61,144366,8667],{"class":102},[61,144368,6329],{"class":93},[20,144370,345],{},[52,144372,144374],{"className":54,"code":144373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144375,144376,144381,144385,144395,144399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144377,144378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144379,144380],{"class":67},"  hello\n",[61,144382,144383],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144384,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,144386,144387,144389,144391,144393],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,144388,3348],{"class":43351},[61,144390,144045],{"class":43355},[61,144392,86979],{"class":143722},[61,144394,29727],{"class":43351},[61,144396,144397],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,144398,138496],{"class":67},[61,144400,144401,144403,144405],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,144402,3348],{"class":43351},[61,144404,457],{"class":43355},[61,144406,29727],{"class":43351},[20,144408,144409],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[52,144411,144413],{"className":54,"code":144412,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144414,144415,144425,144439,144453,144471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144416,144417,144419,144421,144423],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144418,90],{"class":89},[61,144420,94],{"class":93},[61,144422,476],{"class":102},[61,144424,258],{"class":93},[61,144426,144427,144429,144431,144433,144435,144437],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144428,90],{"class":89},[61,144430,94],{"class":93},[61,144432,1804],{"class":89},[61,144434,94],{"class":93},[61,144436,476],{"class":102},[61,144438,342],{"class":93},[61,144440,144441,144443,144445,144447,144449,144451],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,144442,90],{"class":89},[61,144444,94],{"class":93},[61,144446,476],{"class":102},[61,144448,229],{"class":93},[61,144450,8667],{"class":102},[61,144452,7228],{"class":93},[61,144454,144455,144457,144459,144461,144463,144465,144467,144469],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,144456,90],{"class":89},[61,144458,94],{"class":93},[61,144460,1804],{"class":89},[61,144462,94],{"class":93},[61,144464,476],{"class":102},[61,144466,229],{"class":93},[61,144468,8667],{"class":102},[61,144470,6329],{"class":93},[61,144472,144473,144475,144477,144479,144481,144483],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,144474,32181],{"class":89},[61,144476,94],{"class":93},[61,144478,185],{"class":109},[61,144480,229],{"class":93},[61,144482,8667],{"class":24778},[61,144484,258],{"class":93},[20,144486,144487,144489],{},[15,144488,122395],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[47,144491,1879],{"id":1878},[260,144493,1928,144495,144497],{"id":144494},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144496,41678],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144499,46380,144500,144502],{},[15,144501,41678],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[260,144504,1928,144506,124508],{"id":144505},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144507,41678],{},[20,144509,144510],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[260,144512,1883,144514,144516],{"id":144513},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144515,41678],{}," remove by default?",[20,144518,144519],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[260,144521,34235,144523,34238,144525,1916],{"id":144522},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144524,41678],{},[15,144526,124352],{},[20,144528,144529,144531,144532,144534],{},[15,144530,41678],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144533,124352],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[260,144536,144538],{"id":144537},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144540,128054,144541,144543,144544,144546],{},[15,144542,143912],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144545,143915],{}," for the right side.",[47,144548,1938],{"id":1937},[164,144550,144551,144557,144563,144568,144573],{},[167,144552,144553],{},[221,144554,126181,144555,10770],{"href":123908},[15,144556,123911],{},[167,144558,144559],{},[221,144560,126181,144561,10770],{"href":129762},[15,144562,124352],{},[167,144564,144565],{},[221,144566,144567],{"href":143649},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[167,144569,144570],{},[221,144571,144572],{"href":87632},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[167,144574,144575],{},[221,144576,124936],{"href":50797},[1969,144578,144579],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":144581},[144582,144583,144585,144589,144591,144592,144594,144595,144597,144598,144609],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":143234,"depth":79,"text":144584},"What strip() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":144586},[144587,144588],{"id":143357,"depth":86,"text":143349},{"id":143408,"depth":86,"text":143354},{"id":143482,"depth":79,"text":144590},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143748,"depth":79,"text":143749},{"id":143907,"depth":79,"text":144593},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108188,"depth":79,"text":108189},{"id":144163,"depth":79,"text":144596},"When to use strip()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":144599},[144600,144602,144604,144606,144608],{"id":144494,"depth":86,"text":144601},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144505,"depth":86,"text":144603},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144513,"depth":86,"text":144605},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144522,"depth":86,"text":144607},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144537,"depth":86,"text":144538},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143155,"description":144610},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144617,"title":144618,"body":144619,"description":145799,"extension":2017,"meta":145800,"navigation":82,"path":145801,"seo":145802,"stem":145803,"__hash__":145804},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144620,"toc":145769},[144621,144626,144631,144636,144638,144684,144692,144697,144711,144717,144719,144721,144736,144738,144748,144751,144782,144785,144808,144810,144813,144870,144872,144886,144888,144902,144908,144913,144916,144957,144959,144968,144976,144979,145024,145026,145035,145038,145042,145047,145061,145063,145095,145097,145117,145120,145125,145130,145132,145143,145146,145203,145205,145213,145222,145224,145226,145232,145234,145271,145273,145281,145283,145324,145326,145335,145340,145345,145347,145374,145381,145384,145415,145417,145426,145432,145441,145472,145474,145486,145499,145503,145508,145538,145540,145607,145609,145619,145621,145626,145629,145634,145639,145643,145649,145655,145658,145660,145718,145720,145728,145730,145766],[10,144622,123181,144624,11352],{"id":144623},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144625,128059],{},[20,144627,123186,144628,144630],{},[15,144629,128059],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144632,84443,144633,144635],{},[15,144634,128059],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[47,144637,2059],{"id":2058},[52,144639,144641],{"className":54,"code":144640,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144642,144643,144655,144669,144679],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144644,144645,144647,144649,144651,144653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144646,450],{"class":67},[61,144648,72],{"class":71},[61,144650,311],{"class":310},[61,144652,128900],{"class":314},[61,144654,318],{"class":310},[61,144656,144657,144659,144661,144663,144665,144667],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144658,1593],{"class":67},[61,144660,72],{"class":71},[61,144662,42864],{"class":67},[61,144664,229],{"class":93},[61,144666,34508],{"class":102},[61,144668,8676],{"class":93},[61,144670,144671,144673,144675,144677],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,144672,90],{"class":89},[61,144674,94],{"class":93},[61,144676,1620],{"class":102},[61,144678,258],{"class":93},[61,144680,144681],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,144682,144683],{"class":116},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144685,144686,144688,144689,144691],{},[15,144687,128059],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3784,144690,4670],{}," change the original string in place.",[47,144693,151,144695,154],{"id":144694},"what-upper-does",[15,144696,128059],{},[164,144698,144699,144704,144707,144709],{},[167,144700,144701,144703],{},[15,144702,128059],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[167,144705,144706],{},"It works on string values only",[167,144708,133429],{},[167,144710,136147],{},[20,144712,124933,144713,31,144715,229],{},[221,144714,136153],{"href":136152},[221,144716,124936],{"href":50797},[47,144718,233],{"id":232},[20,144720,236],{},[52,144722,144724],{"className":54,"code":144723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.upper()\n",[15,144725,144726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144727,144728,144730,144732,144734],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144729,60999],{"class":67},[61,144731,229],{"class":93},[61,144733,34508],{"class":102},[61,144735,8676],{"class":93},[20,144737,11488],{},[164,144739,144740,144742,144745],{},[167,144741,97354],{},[167,144743,144744],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[167,144746,144747],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144749,144750],{},"Example with a variable:",[52,144752,144754],{"className":54,"code":144753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144755,144756,144768],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144757,144758,144760,144762,144764,144766],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144759,305],{"class":67},[61,144761,72],{"class":71},[61,144763,311],{"class":310},[61,144765,56],{"class":314},[61,144767,318],{"class":310},[61,144769,144770,144772,144774,144776,144778,144780],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144771,90],{"class":89},[61,144773,94],{"class":93},[61,144775,335],{"class":102},[61,144777,229],{"class":93},[61,144779,34508],{"class":102},[61,144781,7228],{"class":93},[20,144783,144784],{},"Example with a string literal:",[52,144786,144788],{"className":54,"code":144787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144789,144790],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144791,144792,144794,144796,144798,144800,144802,144804,144806],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144793,90],{"class":89},[61,144795,94],{"class":93},[61,144797,1010],{"class":310},[61,144799,457],{"class":314},[61,144801,1010],{"class":310},[61,144803,229],{"class":93},[61,144805,34508],{"class":102},[61,144807,7228],{"class":93},[47,144809,359],{"id":358},[20,144811,144812],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[52,144814,144816],{"className":54,"code":144815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144817,144818,144830,144845,144849,144859],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144819,144820,144822,144824,144826,144828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144821,6193],{"class":67},[61,144823,72],{"class":71},[61,144825,311],{"class":310},[61,144827,4127],{"class":314},[61,144829,318],{"class":310},[61,144831,144832,144835,144837,144839,144841,144843],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144833,144834],{"class":67},"uppercase_word ",[61,144836,72],{"class":71},[61,144838,38409],{"class":67},[61,144840,229],{"class":93},[61,144842,34508],{"class":102},[61,144844,8676],{"class":93},[61,144846,144847],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,144848,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,144850,144851,144853,144855,144857],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,144852,90],{"class":89},[61,144854,94],{"class":93},[61,144856,38419],{"class":102},[61,144858,258],{"class":93},[61,144860,144861,144863,144865,144868],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,144862,90],{"class":89},[61,144864,94],{"class":93},[61,144866,144867],{"class":102},"uppercase_word",[61,144869,258],{"class":93},[20,144871,345],{},[52,144873,144875],{"className":54,"code":144874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144876,144877,144881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144878,144879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144880,70232],{"class":67},[61,144882,144883],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144884,144885],{"class":34483},"BANANA\n",[20,144887,112295],{},[164,144889,144890,144895],{},[167,144891,144892,144894],{},[15,144893,38419],{}," keeps its original value",[167,144896,144897,144899,144900],{},[15,144898,144867],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144901,128059],{},[47,144903,144905,144907],{"id":144904},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144906,128059],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144909,136813,144910,144912],{},[3784,144911,136816],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144914,144915],{},"So this method:",[52,144917,144919],{"className":54,"code":144918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144920,144921,144933,144943,144947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144922,144923,144925,144927,144929,144931],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144924,305],{"class":67},[61,144926,72],{"class":71},[61,144928,311],{"class":310},[61,144930,17830],{"class":314},[61,144932,318],{"class":310},[61,144934,144935,144937,144939,144941],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144936,335],{"class":67},[61,144938,229],{"class":93},[61,144940,34508],{"class":102},[61,144942,8676],{"class":93},[61,144944,144945],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,144946,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,144948,144949,144951,144953,144955],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,144950,90],{"class":89},[61,144952,94],{"class":93},[61,144954,335],{"class":102},[61,144956,258],{"class":93},[20,144958,345],{},[52,144960,144962],{"className":54,"code":144961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"alice\n",[15,144963,144964],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144965,144966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144967,144961],{"class":67},[20,144969,21005,144970,144972,144973,144975],{},[15,144971,128059],{}," was called, ",[15,144974,335],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144977,144978],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[52,144980,144982],{"className":54,"code":144981,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144983,144984,144996,145010,145014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144985,144986,144988,144990,144992,144994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144987,305],{"class":67},[61,144989,72],{"class":71},[61,144991,311],{"class":310},[61,144993,17830],{"class":314},[61,144995,318],{"class":310},[61,144997,144998,145000,145002,145004,145006,145008],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,144999,305],{"class":67},[61,145001,72],{"class":71},[61,145003,36018],{"class":67},[61,145005,229],{"class":93},[61,145007,34508],{"class":102},[61,145009,8676],{"class":93},[61,145011,145012],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,145013,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,145015,145016,145018,145020,145022],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,145017,90],{"class":89},[61,145019,94],{"class":93},[61,145021,335],{"class":102},[61,145023,258],{"class":93},[20,145025,345],{},[52,145027,145029],{"className":54,"code":145028,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ALICE\n",[15,145030,145031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145032,145033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145034,145028],{"class":34483},[20,145036,145037],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[47,145039,145041],{"id":145040},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145043,145044,145046],{},[15,145045,128059],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[164,145048,145049,145052,145055,145058],{},[167,145050,145051],{},"Numbers stay the same",[167,145053,145054],{},"Spaces stay the same",[167,145056,145057],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[167,145059,145060],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145062,295],{},[52,145064,145066],{"className":54,"code":145065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145067,145068,145081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145069,145070,145072,145074,145076,145079],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145071,450],{"class":67},[61,145073,72],{"class":71},[61,145075,311],{"class":310},[61,145077,145078],{"class":314},"Room 7, table #3!",[61,145080,318],{"class":310},[61,145082,145083,145085,145087,145089,145091,145093],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145084,90],{"class":89},[61,145086,94],{"class":93},[61,145088,476],{"class":102},[61,145090,229],{"class":93},[61,145092,34508],{"class":102},[61,145094,7228],{"class":93},[20,145096,345],{},[52,145098,145100],{"className":54,"code":145099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145101,145102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145103,145104,145107,145109,145111,145114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145105,145106],{"class":34483},"ROOM",[61,145108,6032],{"class":75},[61,145110,106],{"class":93},[61,145112,145113],{"class":34483}," TABLE",[61,145115,145116],{"class":116}," #3!\n",[20,145118,145119],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[47,145121,5001,145123],{"id":145122},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145124,128059],{},[20,145126,145127,145129],{},[15,145128,128059],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145131,48351],{},[164,145133,145134,145137,145140],{},[167,145135,145136],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[167,145138,145139],{},"Format labels or headings",[167,145141,145142],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145144,145145],{},"Example: simple comparison",[52,145147,145149],{"className":54,"code":145148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145150,145151,145163,145167,145189],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145152,145153,145155,145157,145159,145161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145154,136424],{"class":67},[61,145156,72],{"class":71},[61,145158,311],{"class":310},[61,145160,8691],{"class":314},[61,145162,318],{"class":310},[61,145164,145165],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145166,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,145168,145169,145171,145173,145175,145177,145179,145181,145183,145185,145187],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,145170,1124],{"class":672},[61,145172,136444],{"class":67},[61,145174,229],{"class":93},[61,145176,34508],{"class":102},[61,145178,7400],{"class":93},[61,145180,667],{"class":71},[61,145182,311],{"class":310},[61,145184,136431],{"class":314},[61,145186,1010],{"class":310},[61,145188,6433],{"class":93},[61,145190,145191,145193,145195,145197,145199,145201],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,145192,1141],{"class":89},[61,145194,94],{"class":93},[61,145196,1010],{"class":310},[61,145198,143628],{"class":314},[61,145200,1010],{"class":310},[61,145202,258],{"class":93},[20,145204,345],{},[52,145206,145207],{"className":54,"code":143637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,145208,145209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145210,145211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145212,143637],{"class":67},[20,145214,145215,145216,186,145218,283,145220,229],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145217,8691],{},[15,145219,137217],{},[15,145221,136431],{},[47,145223,2878],{"id":2877},[260,145225,95715],{"id":95714},[20,145227,8149,145228,145231],{},[15,145229,145230],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145233,1400],{},[52,145235,145237],{"className":54,"code":145236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145238,145239,145251,145261],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145240,145241,145243,145245,145247,145249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145242,450],{"class":67},[61,145244,72],{"class":71},[61,145246,311],{"class":310},[61,145248,457],{"class":314},[61,145250,318],{"class":310},[61,145252,145253,145255,145257,145259],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145254,476],{"class":67},[61,145256,229],{"class":93},[61,145258,34508],{"class":102},[61,145260,8676],{"class":93},[61,145262,145263,145265,145267,145269],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,145264,90],{"class":89},[61,145266,94],{"class":93},[61,145268,476],{"class":102},[61,145270,258],{"class":93},[20,145272,345],{},[52,145274,145275],{"className":54,"code":138496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,145276,145277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145278,145279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145280,138496],{"class":67},[20,145282,1443],{},[52,145284,145286],{"className":54,"code":145285,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145287,145288,145300,145314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145289,145290,145292,145294,145296,145298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145291,450],{"class":67},[61,145293,72],{"class":71},[61,145295,311],{"class":310},[61,145297,457],{"class":314},[61,145299,318],{"class":310},[61,145301,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310,145312],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145303,450],{"class":67},[61,145305,72],{"class":71},[61,145307,42864],{"class":67},[61,145309,229],{"class":93},[61,145311,34508],{"class":102},[61,145313,8676],{"class":93},[61,145315,145316,145318,145320,145322],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,145317,90],{"class":89},[61,145319,94],{"class":93},[61,145321,476],{"class":102},[61,145323,258],{"class":93},[20,145325,345],{},[52,145327,145329],{"className":54,"code":145328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HELLO\n",[15,145330,145331],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145332,145333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145334,145328],{"class":34483},[260,145336,18935,145338,137103],{"id":145337},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145339,128059],{},[20,145341,145342,145344],{},[15,145343,128059],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145346,295],{},[52,145348,145350],{"className":54,"code":145349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145351,145352,145360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145353,145354,145356,145358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145355,2269],{"class":67},[61,145357,72],{"class":71},[61,145359,124863],{"class":75},[61,145361,145362,145364,145366,145368,145370,145372],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145363,90],{"class":89},[61,145365,94],{"class":93},[61,145367,1271],{"class":102},[61,145369,229],{"class":93},[61,145371,34508],{"class":102},[61,145373,7228],{"class":93},[20,145375,39682,145376,145378,145379,33630],{},[15,145377,189],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145380,128059],{},[20,145382,145383],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[52,145385,145387],{"className":54,"code":145386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145388,145389,145397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145390,145391,145393,145395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145392,2269],{"class":67},[61,145394,72],{"class":71},[61,145396,124863],{"class":75},[61,145398,145399,145401,145403,145405,145407,145409,145411,145413],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145400,90],{"class":89},[61,145402,94],{"class":93},[61,145404,185],{"class":109},[61,145406,94],{"class":93},[61,145408,1271],{"class":102},[61,145410,8664],{"class":93},[61,145412,34508],{"class":102},[61,145414,7228],{"class":93},[20,145416,345],{},[52,145418,145420],{"className":54,"code":145419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"123\n",[15,145421,145422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145423,145424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145425,145419],{"class":75},[260,145427,37232,145429,145431],{"id":145428},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145430,128059],{}," with title case",[20,145433,145434,145436,145437,145440],{},[15,145435,128059],{}," makes ",[3784,145438,145439],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[52,145442,145444],{"className":54,"code":145443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145445,145446,145458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145447,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145449,450],{"class":67},[61,145451,72],{"class":71},[61,145453,311],{"class":310},[61,145455,60231],{"class":314},[61,145457,318],{"class":310},[61,145459,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468,145470],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145461,90],{"class":89},[61,145463,94],{"class":93},[61,145465,476],{"class":102},[61,145467,229],{"class":93},[61,145469,34508],{"class":102},[61,145471,7228],{"class":93},[20,145473,345],{},[52,145475,145477],{"className":54,"code":145476,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145478,145479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145480,145481,145483],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145482,136205],{"class":34483},[61,145484,145485],{"class":34483}," WORLD\n",[20,145487,145488,145489,145493,145494,145498],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[221,145490,145491],{"href":123908},[15,145492,123911],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[221,145495,145496],{"href":129762},[15,145497,124352],{}," changes parts of a string.",[47,145500,145502],{"id":145501},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145504,145505,145506,1314],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145507,128059],{},[164,145509,145510,145517,145524,145531],{},[167,145511,145512,145516],{},[221,145513,145514],{"href":123908},[15,145515,123911],{}," for lowercase text",[167,145518,145519,145523],{},[221,145520,145521],{"href":136751},[15,145522,41678],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[167,145525,145526,145530],{},[221,145527,145528],{"href":129762},[15,145529,124352],{}," for changing parts of a string",[167,145532,145533,749,145535,145537],{},[15,145534,127549],{},[15,145536,126239],{}," for checks",[20,145539,295],{},[52,145541,145543],{"className":54,"code":145542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145544,145545,145557,145561,145576,145592,145596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145546,145547,145549,145551,145553,145555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145548,450],{"class":67},[61,145550,72],{"class":71},[61,145552,311],{"class":310},[61,145554,143279],{"class":314},[61,145556,318],{"class":310},[61,145558,145559],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145560,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,145562,145563,145566,145568,145570,145572,145574],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,145564,145565],{"class":67},"cleaned ",[61,145567,72],{"class":71},[61,145569,42864],{"class":67},[61,145571,229],{"class":93},[61,145573,8667],{"class":102},[61,145575,8676],{"class":93},[61,145577,145578,145581,145583,145586,145588,145590],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,145579,145580],{"class":67},"loud ",[61,145582,72],{"class":71},[61,145584,145585],{"class":67}," cleaned",[61,145587,229],{"class":93},[61,145589,34508],{"class":102},[61,145591,8676],{"class":93},[61,145593,145594],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,145595,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,145597,145598,145600,145602,145605],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,145599,90],{"class":89},[61,145601,94],{"class":93},[61,145603,145604],{"class":102},"loud",[61,145606,258],{"class":93},[20,145608,345],{},[52,145610,145611],{"className":54,"code":145476,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,145612,145613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145614,145615,145617],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145616,136205],{"class":34483},[61,145618,145485],{"class":34483},[47,145620,1879],{"id":1878},[260,145622,1928,145624,124508],{"id":145623},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145625,128059],{},[20,145627,145628],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[260,145630,1928,145632,137485],{"id":145631},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145633,128059],{},[20,145635,145636,145637,229],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145638,145230],{},[260,145640,145642],{"id":145641},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145644,145645,145646,145648],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145647,128059],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[260,145650,28355,145652,145654],{"id":145651},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145653,128059],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145656,145657],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145659,295],{},[52,145661,145663],{"className":54,"code":145662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145664,145665,145677,145690,145694],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145666,145667,145669,145671,145673,145675],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145668,2602],{"class":67},[61,145670,72],{"class":71},[61,145672,311],{"class":310},[61,145674,56],{"class":314},[61,145676,318],{"class":310},[61,145678,145679,145681,145683,145685,145688],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145680,2630],{"class":67},[61,145682,72],{"class":71},[61,145684,311],{"class":310},[61,145686,145687],{"class":314},"PYTHON",[61,145689,318],{"class":310},[61,145691,145692],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,145693,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,145695,145696,145698,145700,145702,145704,145706,145708,145710,145712,145714,145716],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,145697,90],{"class":89},[61,145699,94],{"class":93},[61,145701,221],{"class":102},[61,145703,229],{"class":93},[61,145705,34508],{"class":102},[61,145707,7400],{"class":93},[61,145709,667],{"class":71},[61,145711,2607],{"class":102},[61,145713,229],{"class":93},[61,145715,34508],{"class":102},[61,145717,7228],{"class":93},[20,145719,345],{},[52,145721,145722],{"className":54,"code":348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,145723,145724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145725,145726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145727,348],{"class":355},[47,145729,1938],{"id":1937},[164,145731,145732,145736,145742,145748,145754,145758,145762],{},[167,145733,145734],{},[221,145735,124936],{"href":50797},[167,145737,145738],{},[221,145739,126181,145740,10770],{"href":123908},[15,145741,123911],{},[167,145743,145744],{},[221,145745,126181,145746,10770],{"href":136751},[15,145747,41678],{},[167,145749,145750],{},[221,145751,126181,145752,10770],{"href":129762},[15,145753,124352],{},[167,145755,145756],{},[221,145757,90509],{"href":89518},[167,145759,145760],{},[221,145761,124580],{"href":123436},[167,145763,145764],{},[221,145765,137571],{"href":136152},[1969,145767,145768],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":145770},[145771,145772,145774,145775,145776,145778,145779,145781,145788,145789,145798],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":144694,"depth":79,"text":145773},"What upper() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":144904,"depth":79,"text":145777},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145040,"depth":79,"text":145041},{"id":145122,"depth":79,"text":145780},"When to use upper()",{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":145782},[145783,145784,145786],{"id":95714,"depth":86,"text":95715},{"id":145337,"depth":86,"text":145785},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145428,"depth":86,"text":145787},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145501,"depth":79,"text":145502},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":145790},[145791,145793,145795,145796],{"id":145623,"depth":86,"text":145792},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145631,"depth":86,"text":145794},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145641,"depth":86,"text":145642},{"id":145651,"depth":86,"text":145797},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144618,"description":145799},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145806,"title":145807,"body":145808,"description":147685,"extension":2017,"meta":147686,"navigation":82,"path":147687,"seo":147688,"stem":147689,"__hash__":147690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145809,"toc":147635},[145810,145816,145823,145829,145831,145887,145892,145897,145902,145905,145924,145927,145929,145953,145971,145982,145984,145987,146040,146042,146050,146052,146070,146075,146078,146135,146137,146146,146149,146169,146172,146178,146183,146185,146228,146230,146238,146241,146282,146284,146293,146299,146305,146332,146334,146342,146347,146351,146363,146406,146408,146416,146421,146427,146432,146436,146438,146481,146484,146531,146533,146542,146549,146553,146556,146602,146607,146611,146613,146656,146659,146667,146669,146674,146676,146678,146697,146700,146712,146714,146733,146735,146743,146747,146749,146800,146803,146878,146880,146888,146891,146895,146897,146944,146947,147018,147020,147028,147034,147036,147111,147115,147194,147196,147204,147210,147216,147221,147226,147275,147279,147350,147353,147358,147369,147372,147383,147393,147395,147400,147425,147430,147511,147513,147538,147540,147545,147548,147554,147563,147569,147572,147578,147584,147591,147594,147596,147632],[10,145811,13,145813,18],{"id":145812},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145814,145815],{},"sum()",[20,145817,9156,145818,145820,145821,24792],{},[15,145819,145815],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145822,59823],{},[20,145824,145825,145826,145828],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145827,36099],{}," value and a few important limits.",[47,145830,2059],{"id":2058},[52,145832,145834],{"className":54,"code":145833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145835,145836,145860,145875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145837,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848,145850,145852,145854,145856,145858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145839,3661],{"class":67},[61,145841,72],{"class":71},[61,145843,1088],{"class":93},[61,145845,3035],{"class":75},[61,145847,106],{"class":93},[61,145849,3040],{"class":75},[61,145851,106],{"class":93},[61,145853,1020],{"class":75},[61,145855,106],{"class":93},[61,145857,2505],{"class":75},[61,145859,1115],{"class":93},[61,145861,145862,145864,145866,145869,145871,145873],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,145863,41208],{"class":67},[61,145865,72],{"class":71},[61,145867,145868],{"class":89}," sum",[61,145870,94],{"class":93},[61,145872,3691],{"class":102},[61,145874,258],{"class":93},[61,145876,145877,145879,145881,145883,145885],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,145878,90],{"class":89},[61,145880,94],{"class":93},[61,145882,41237],{"class":102},[61,145884,664],{"class":93},[61,145886,26821],{"class":116},[20,145888,143,145889,145891],{},[15,145890,145815],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[47,145893,151,145895,154],{"id":145894},"what-sum-does",[15,145896,145815],{},[20,145898,145899,145901],{},[15,145900,145815],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145903,145904],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[164,145906,145907,145910,145913,145918],{},[167,145908,145909],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[167,145911,145912],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[167,145914,145915,145916],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145917,36225],{},[167,145919,145920,145921,145923],{},"Counting ",[15,145922,30],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145925,145926],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[47,145928,233],{"id":232},[52,145930,145932],{"className":54,"code":145931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145933,145934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145935,145936,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947,145949,145951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145937,145938],{"class":89},"sum",[61,145940,94],{"class":93},[61,145942,3761],{"class":102},[61,145944,106],{"class":93},[61,145946,36078],{"class":9208},[61,145948,72],{"class":71},[61,145950,2175],{"class":75},[61,145952,258],{"class":93},[164,145954,145955,145960,145965],{},[167,145956,145957,145959],{},[15,145958,3761],{}," is the group of values to add",[167,145961,145962,145964],{},[15,145963,36099],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[167,145966,145967,145968],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145969,145970],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145972,145973,145974,145977,145978,229],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145975,145976,3761],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[221,145979,145980,24645],{"href":36222},[15,145981,36225],{},[47,145983,359],{"id":358},[20,145985,145986],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[52,145988,145990],{"className":54,"code":145989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145991,145992,146012,146026,146030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145993,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008,146010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145995,3661],{"class":67},[61,145997,72],{"class":71},[61,145999,1088],{"class":93},[61,146001,2192],{"class":75},[61,146003,106],{"class":93},[61,146005,6043],{"class":75},[61,146007,106],{"class":93},[61,146009,37964],{"class":75},[61,146011,1115],{"class":93},[61,146013,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022,146024],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146015,41208],{"class":67},[61,146017,72],{"class":71},[61,146019,145868],{"class":89},[61,146021,94],{"class":93},[61,146023,3691],{"class":102},[61,146025,258],{"class":93},[61,146027,146028],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,146029,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,146031,146032,146034,146036,146038],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,146033,90],{"class":89},[61,146035,94],{"class":93},[61,146037,41237],{"class":102},[61,146039,258],{"class":93},[20,146041,345],{},[52,146043,146044],{"className":54,"code":69666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146045,146046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146047,146048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146049,69666],{"class":75},[20,146051,11710],{},[164,146053,146054,146059,146065],{},[167,146055,146056,146058],{},[15,146057,3691],{}," contains three integers",[167,146060,146061,146064],{},[15,146062,146063],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[167,146066,146067,146068],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146069,41237],{},[47,146071,36640,146073,8465],{"id":146072},"using-the-start-value",[15,146074,36099],{},[20,146076,146077],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[52,146079,146081],{"className":54,"code":146080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146082,146083,146103,146121,146125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146084,146085,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146086,3661],{"class":67},[61,146088,72],{"class":71},[61,146090,1088],{"class":93},[61,146092,3035],{"class":75},[61,146094,106],{"class":93},[61,146096,3040],{"class":75},[61,146098,106],{"class":93},[61,146100,1020],{"class":75},[61,146102,1115],{"class":93},[61,146104,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146106,41208],{"class":67},[61,146108,72],{"class":71},[61,146110,145868],{"class":89},[61,146112,94],{"class":93},[61,146114,3691],{"class":102},[61,146116,106],{"class":93},[61,146118,6043],{"class":75},[61,146120,258],{"class":93},[61,146122,146123],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,146124,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,146126,146127,146129,146131,146133],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,146128,90],{"class":89},[61,146130,94],{"class":93},[61,146132,41237],{"class":102},[61,146134,258],{"class":93},[20,146136,345],{},[52,146138,146140],{"className":54,"code":146139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"16\n",[15,146141,146142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146143,146144],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146145,146139],{"class":75},[20,146147,146148],{},"This works like:",[164,146150,146151,146156,146161,146165],{},[167,146152,146153,146154],{},"Start at ",[15,146155,2379],{},[167,146157,146158,146159],{},"Add ",[15,146160,3035],{},[167,146162,146158,146163],{},[15,146164,2113],{},[167,146166,146158,146167],{},[15,146168,1046],{},[20,146170,146171],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[47,146173,151,146175,146177],{"id":146174},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146176,145815],{}," can work with",[20,146179,146180,146182],{},[15,146181,145815],{}," works with numeric values.",[260,146184,40451],{"id":40450},[52,146186,146188],{"className":54,"code":146187,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146189,146190,146214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146191,146192,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210,146212],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146193,3865],{"class":67},[61,146195,72],{"class":71},[61,146197,1088],{"class":93},[61,146199,3035],{"class":75},[61,146201,106],{"class":93},[61,146203,3040],{"class":75},[61,146205,106],{"class":93},[61,146207,1020],{"class":75},[61,146209,106],{"class":93},[61,146211,2505],{"class":75},[61,146213,1115],{"class":93},[61,146215,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146217,90],{"class":89},[61,146219,94],{"class":93},[61,146221,145938],{"class":89},[61,146223,94],{"class":93},[61,146225,5396],{"class":102},[61,146227,342],{"class":93},[20,146229,345],{},[52,146231,146232],{"className":54,"code":2425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146233,146234],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146235,146236],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146237,2425],{"class":75},[260,146239,146240],{"id":51868},"Floats",[52,146242,146244],{"className":54,"code":146243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146245,146246,146268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146247,146248,146250,146252,146254,146256,146258,146261,146263,146266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146249,82874],{"class":67},[61,146251,72],{"class":71},[61,146253,1088],{"class":93},[61,146255,41184],{"class":75},[61,146257,106],{"class":93},[61,146259,146260],{"class":75}," 3.75",[61,146262,106],{"class":93},[61,146264,146265],{"class":75}," 1.25",[61,146267,1115],{"class":93},[61,146269,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146271,90],{"class":89},[61,146273,94],{"class":93},[61,146275,145938],{"class":89},[61,146277,94],{"class":93},[61,146279,82910],{"class":102},[61,146281,342],{"class":93},[20,146283,345],{},[52,146285,146287],{"className":54,"code":146286,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.5\n",[15,146288,146289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146290,146291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146292,146286],{"class":75},[20,146294,146295,146296,229],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[221,146297,146298],{"href":2468},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[260,146300,146302,146303],{"id":146301},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146304,36225],{},[52,146306,146308],{"className":54,"code":146307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146309,146310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146311,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146313,90],{"class":89},[61,146315,94],{"class":93},[61,146317,145938],{"class":89},[61,146319,94],{"class":93},[61,146321,59823],{"class":89},[61,146323,94],{"class":93},[61,146325,3035],{"class":75},[61,146327,106],{"class":93},[61,146329,37672],{"class":75},[61,146331,582],{"class":93},[20,146333,345],{},[52,146335,146336],{"className":54,"code":47054,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146337,146338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146339,146340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146341,47054],{"class":75},[20,146343,113385,146344,229],{},[15,146345,146346],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[260,146348,146350],{"id":146349},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146352,146353,146354,146356,146357,749,146359,146356,146361,229],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146355,30],{}," acts like ",[15,146358,3035],{},[15,146360,34],{},[15,146362,2175],{},[52,146364,146366],{"className":54,"code":146365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146367,146368,146392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146369,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146371,51788],{"class":67},[61,146373,72],{"class":71},[61,146375,1088],{"class":93},[61,146377,30],{"class":355},[61,146379,106],{"class":93},[61,146381,3947],{"class":355},[61,146383,106],{"class":93},[61,146385,3956],{"class":355},[61,146387,106],{"class":93},[61,146389,3956],{"class":355},[61,146391,1115],{"class":93},[61,146393,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146395,90],{"class":89},[61,146397,94],{"class":93},[61,146399,145938],{"class":89},[61,146401,94],{"class":93},[61,146403,51841],{"class":102},[61,146405,342],{"class":93},[20,146407,345],{},[52,146409,146410],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146411,146412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146413,146414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146415,46630],{"class":75},[20,146417,146418,146419,229],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146420,30],{},[47,146422,151,146424,146426],{"id":146423},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146425,145815],{}," does not work with",[20,146428,146429,146431],{},[15,146430,145815],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[260,146433,146435],{"id":146434},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146437,2885],{},[52,146439,146441],{"className":54,"code":146440,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146442,146443,146467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146444,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146446,4109],{"class":67},[61,146448,72],{"class":71},[61,146450,1088],{"class":93},[61,146452,1010],{"class":310},[61,146454,457],{"class":314},[61,146456,1010],{"class":310},[61,146458,106],{"class":93},[61,146460,311],{"class":310},[61,146462,60416],{"class":314},[61,146464,1010],{"class":310},[61,146466,1115],{"class":93},[61,146468,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146470,90],{"class":89},[61,146472,94],{"class":93},[61,146474,145938],{"class":89},[61,146476,94],{"class":93},[61,146478,4153],{"class":102},[61,146480,342],{"class":93},[20,146482,146483],{},"Use string joining instead:",[52,146485,146487],{"className":54,"code":146486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146488,146489,146513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146492,4109],{"class":67},[61,146494,72],{"class":71},[61,146496,1088],{"class":93},[61,146498,1010],{"class":310},[61,146500,457],{"class":314},[61,146502,1010],{"class":310},[61,146504,106],{"class":93},[61,146506,311],{"class":310},[61,146508,60416],{"class":314},[61,146510,1010],{"class":310},[61,146512,1115],{"class":93},[61,146514,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146516,90],{"class":89},[61,146518,94],{"class":93},[61,146520,6311],{"class":310},[61,146522,229],{"class":93},[61,146524,133340],{"class":102},[61,146526,94],{"class":93},[61,146528,4153],{"class":102},[61,146530,342],{"class":93},[20,146532,345],{},[52,146534,146536],{"className":54,"code":146535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"helloworld\n",[15,146537,146538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146539,146540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146541,146535],{"class":67},[20,146543,146544,146545,229],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[221,146546,146547,5821],{"href":42198},[15,146548,47696],{},[260,146550,146552],{"id":146551},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146554,146555],{},"This also causes an error:",[52,146557,146559],{"className":54,"code":146558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146560,146561,146588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146562,146563,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146564,146565],{"class":67},"lists ",[61,146567,72],{"class":71},[61,146569,56117],{"class":93},[61,146571,3035],{"class":75},[61,146573,106],{"class":93},[61,146575,3040],{"class":75},[61,146577,18089],{"class":93},[61,146579,1088],{"class":93},[61,146581,1046],{"class":75},[61,146583,106],{"class":93},[61,146585,2505],{"class":75},[61,146587,53065],{"class":93},[61,146589,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146591,90],{"class":89},[61,146593,94],{"class":93},[61,146595,145938],{"class":89},[61,146597,94],{"class":93},[61,146599,5337],{"class":102},[61,146601,342],{"class":93},[20,146603,146604,146606],{},[15,146605,145815],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[260,146608,146610],{"id":146609},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146612,5509],{},[52,146614,146616],{"className":54,"code":146615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146617,146618,146642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146619,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146621,3865],{"class":67},[61,146623,72],{"class":71},[61,146625,1088],{"class":93},[61,146627,3035],{"class":75},[61,146629,106],{"class":93},[61,146631,3040],{"class":75},[61,146633,106],{"class":93},[61,146635,311],{"class":310},[61,146637,1046],{"class":314},[61,146639,1010],{"class":310},[61,146641,1115],{"class":93},[61,146643,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146645,90],{"class":89},[61,146647,94],{"class":93},[61,146649,145938],{"class":89},[61,146651,94],{"class":93},[61,146653,5396],{"class":102},[61,146655,342],{"class":93},[20,146657,146658],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146660,146661,146662,146664,146665,229],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146663,65771],{},", convert them first. See ",[221,146666,3009],{"href":526},[47,146668,41529],{"id":41528},[20,146670,146671,146672,229],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146673,145815],{},[260,146675,6559],{"id":6558},[20,146677,4564],{},[52,146679,146681],{"className":54,"code":146680,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146682,146683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146684,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146686,90],{"class":89},[61,146688,94],{"class":93},[61,146690,145938],{"class":89},[61,146692,94],{"class":93},[61,146694,2192],{"class":75},[61,146696,342],{"class":93},[20,146698,146699],{},"Why it fails:",[164,146701,146702,146707],{},[167,146703,146704,146706],{},[15,146705,2192],{}," is a single integer",[167,146708,146709,146711],{},[15,146710,145815],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146713,6589],{},[52,146715,146717],{"className":54,"code":146716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146718,146719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146720,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146722,90],{"class":89},[61,146724,94],{"class":93},[61,146726,145938],{"class":89},[61,146728,3032],{"class":93},[61,146730,2192],{"class":75},[61,146732,1518],{"class":93},[20,146734,345],{},[52,146736,146737],{"className":54,"code":2994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146738,146739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146740,146741],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146742,2994],{"class":75},[260,146744,146746],{"id":146745},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146748,4564],{},[52,146750,146752],{"className":54,"code":146751,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146753,146754,146786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146755,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146757,3865],{"class":67},[61,146759,72],{"class":71},[61,146761,1088],{"class":93},[61,146763,1010],{"class":310},[61,146765,3035],{"class":314},[61,146767,1010],{"class":310},[61,146769,106],{"class":93},[61,146771,311],{"class":310},[61,146773,2113],{"class":314},[61,146775,1010],{"class":310},[61,146777,106],{"class":93},[61,146779,311],{"class":310},[61,146781,1046],{"class":314},[61,146783,1010],{"class":310},[61,146785,1115],{"class":93},[61,146787,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146789,90],{"class":89},[61,146791,94],{"class":93},[61,146793,145938],{"class":89},[61,146795,94],{"class":93},[61,146797,5396],{"class":102},[61,146799,342],{"class":93},[20,146801,146802],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[52,146804,146806],{"className":54,"code":146805,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146807,146808,146840,146868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146809,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146811,3865],{"class":67},[61,146813,72],{"class":71},[61,146815,1088],{"class":93},[61,146817,1010],{"class":310},[61,146819,3035],{"class":314},[61,146821,1010],{"class":310},[61,146823,106],{"class":93},[61,146825,311],{"class":310},[61,146827,2113],{"class":314},[61,146829,1010],{"class":310},[61,146831,106],{"class":93},[61,146833,311],{"class":310},[61,146835,1046],{"class":314},[61,146837,1010],{"class":310},[61,146839,1115],{"class":93},[61,146841,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864,146866],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146843,41208],{"class":67},[61,146845,72],{"class":71},[61,146847,145868],{"class":89},[61,146849,94],{"class":93},[61,146851,189],{"class":109},[61,146853,94],{"class":93},[61,146855,2228],{"class":102},[61,146857,664],{"class":93},[61,146859,3918],{"class":672},[61,146861,3921],{"class":102},[61,146863,3924],{"class":672},[61,146865,3927],{"class":102},[61,146867,258],{"class":93},[61,146869,146870,146872,146874,146876],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,146871,90],{"class":89},[61,146873,94],{"class":93},[61,146875,41237],{"class":102},[61,146877,258],{"class":93},[20,146879,345],{},[52,146881,146882],{"className":54,"code":2702,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,146883,146884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146885,146886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146887,2702],{"class":75},[20,146889,146890],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[260,146892,146894],{"id":146893},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146896,4564],{},[52,146898,146900],{"className":54,"code":146899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146901,146902,146930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146903,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146905,3865],{"class":67},[61,146907,72],{"class":71},[61,146909,1088],{"class":93},[61,146911,3035],{"class":75},[61,146913,106],{"class":93},[61,146915,3040],{"class":75},[61,146917,106],{"class":93},[61,146919,311],{"class":310},[61,146921,1046],{"class":314},[61,146923,1010],{"class":310},[61,146925,106],{"class":93},[61,146927,2505],{"class":75},[61,146929,1115],{"class":93},[61,146931,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146933,90],{"class":89},[61,146935,94],{"class":93},[61,146937,145938],{"class":89},[61,146939,94],{"class":93},[61,146941,5396],{"class":102},[61,146943,342],{"class":93},[20,146945,146946],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[52,146948,146950],{"className":54,"code":146949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146951,146952,146980,147008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146953,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146955,3865],{"class":67},[61,146957,72],{"class":71},[61,146959,1088],{"class":93},[61,146961,3035],{"class":75},[61,146963,106],{"class":93},[61,146965,3040],{"class":75},[61,146967,106],{"class":93},[61,146969,311],{"class":310},[61,146971,1046],{"class":314},[61,146973,1010],{"class":310},[61,146975,106],{"class":93},[61,146977,2505],{"class":75},[61,146979,1115],{"class":93},[61,146981,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,146983,41208],{"class":67},[61,146985,72],{"class":71},[61,146987,145868],{"class":89},[61,146989,94],{"class":93},[61,146991,189],{"class":109},[61,146993,94],{"class":93},[61,146995,2228],{"class":102},[61,146997,664],{"class":93},[61,146999,3918],{"class":672},[61,147001,3921],{"class":102},[61,147003,3924],{"class":672},[61,147005,3927],{"class":102},[61,147007,258],{"class":93},[61,147009,147010,147012,147014,147016],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,147011,90],{"class":89},[61,147013,94],{"class":93},[61,147015,41237],{"class":102},[61,147017,258],{"class":93},[20,147019,345],{},[52,147021,147022],{"className":54,"code":2425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,147023,147024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147025,147026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147027,2425],{"class":75},[260,147029,8449,147031,147033],{"id":147030},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147032,145815],{}," to join text",[20,147035,4564],{},[52,147037,147039],{"className":54,"code":147038,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147040,147041,147097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147042,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147044,36117],{"class":67},[61,147046,72],{"class":71},[61,147048,1088],{"class":93},[61,147050,1010],{"class":310},[61,147052,133939],{"class":314},[61,147054,1010],{"class":310},[61,147056,106],{"class":93},[61,147058,311],{"class":310},[61,147060,11772],{"class":314},[61,147062,1010],{"class":310},[61,147064,106],{"class":93},[61,147066,311],{"class":310},[61,147068,63112],{"class":314},[61,147070,1010],{"class":310},[61,147072,106],{"class":93},[61,147074,311],{"class":310},[61,147076,60263],{"class":314},[61,147078,1010],{"class":310},[61,147080,106],{"class":93},[61,147082,311],{"class":310},[61,147084,60298],{"class":314},[61,147086,1010],{"class":310},[61,147088,106],{"class":93},[61,147090,311],{"class":310},[61,147092,75856],{"class":314},[61,147094,1010],{"class":310},[61,147096,1115],{"class":93},[61,147098,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,147100,90],{"class":89},[61,147102,94],{"class":93},[61,147104,145938],{"class":89},[61,147106,94],{"class":93},[61,147108,36170],{"class":102},[61,147110,342],{"class":93},[20,147112,143,147113,60357],{},[15,147114,133263],{},[52,147116,147118],{"className":54,"code":147117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147119,147120,147176],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147121,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147123,36117],{"class":67},[61,147125,72],{"class":71},[61,147127,1088],{"class":93},[61,147129,1010],{"class":310},[61,147131,133939],{"class":314},[61,147133,1010],{"class":310},[61,147135,106],{"class":93},[61,147137,311],{"class":310},[61,147139,11772],{"class":314},[61,147141,1010],{"class":310},[61,147143,106],{"class":93},[61,147145,311],{"class":310},[61,147147,63112],{"class":314},[61,147149,1010],{"class":310},[61,147151,106],{"class":93},[61,147153,311],{"class":310},[61,147155,60263],{"class":314},[61,147157,1010],{"class":310},[61,147159,106],{"class":93},[61,147161,311],{"class":310},[61,147163,60298],{"class":314},[61,147165,1010],{"class":310},[61,147167,106],{"class":93},[61,147169,311],{"class":310},[61,147171,75856],{"class":314},[61,147173,1010],{"class":310},[61,147175,1115],{"class":93},[61,147177,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,147179,90],{"class":89},[61,147181,94],{"class":93},[61,147183,6311],{"class":310},[61,147185,229],{"class":93},[61,147187,133340],{"class":102},[61,147189,94],{"class":93},[61,147191,36170],{"class":102},[61,147193,342],{"class":93},[20,147195,345],{},[52,147197,147198],{"className":54,"code":134020,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,147199,147200],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147201,147202],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147203,134020],{"class":67},[20,147205,147206,147207,229],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[221,147208,147209],{"href":135101},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[47,147211,147213,147215],{"id":147212},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147214,145815],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147217,147218,147220],{},[15,147219,145815],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[260,147222,8449,147224],{"id":147223},"using-sum",[15,147225,145815],{},[52,147227,147229],{"className":54,"code":147228,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147230,147231,147251,147265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147232,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147234,3661],{"class":67},[61,147236,72],{"class":71},[61,147238,1088],{"class":93},[61,147240,2552],{"class":75},[61,147242,106],{"class":93},[61,147244,6032],{"class":75},[61,147246,106],{"class":93},[61,147248,53959],{"class":75},[61,147250,1115],{"class":93},[61,147252,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,147254,41208],{"class":67},[61,147256,72],{"class":71},[61,147258,145868],{"class":89},[61,147260,94],{"class":93},[61,147262,3691],{"class":102},[61,147264,258],{"class":93},[61,147266,147267,147269,147271,147273],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,147268,90],{"class":89},[61,147270,94],{"class":93},[61,147272,41237],{"class":102},[61,147274,258],{"class":93},[260,147276,147278],{"id":147277},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[52,147280,147282],{"className":54,"code":147281,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147283,147284,147304,147312,147316,147328,147336,147340],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147285,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147287,3661],{"class":67},[61,147289,72],{"class":71},[61,147291,1088],{"class":93},[61,147293,2552],{"class":75},[61,147295,106],{"class":93},[61,147297,6032],{"class":75},[61,147299,106],{"class":93},[61,147301,53959],{"class":75},[61,147303,1115],{"class":93},[61,147305,147306,147308,147310],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,147307,41208],{"class":67},[61,147309,72],{"class":71},[61,147311,38541],{"class":75},[61,147313,147314],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,147315,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,147317,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,147319,5996],{"class":672},[61,147321,6426],{"class":67},[61,147323,3924],{"class":672},[61,147325,4303],{"class":67},[61,147327,6433],{"class":93},[61,147329,147330,147332,147334],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,147331,89933],{"class":67},[61,147333,89936],{"class":71},[61,147335,89939],{"class":67},[61,147337,147338],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,147339,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,147341,147342,147344,147346,147348],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,147343,90],{"class":89},[61,147345,94],{"class":93},[61,147347,41237],{"class":102},[61,147349,258],{"class":93},[20,147351,147352],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147354,2536,147355,147357],{},[15,147356,145815],{}," is often better:",[164,147359,147360,147363,147366],{},[167,147361,147362],{},"Shorter code",[167,147364,147365],{},"Easier to read",[167,147367,147368],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147370,147371],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[164,147373,147374,147377,147380],{},[167,147375,147376],{},"You need to skip some values",[167,147378,147379],{},"You need extra checks",[167,147381,147382],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147384,147385,147386,147389,147390,147392],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[221,147387,147388],{"href":40035},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147391,145815],{}," on the filtered result.",[47,147394,2878],{"id":2877},[20,147396,147397,147398,1314],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147399,145815],{},[164,147401,147402,147408,147415,147422],{},[167,147403,147404,147405],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147406,147407],{},"sum(5)",[167,147409,147410,147411,147414],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147412,147413],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[167,147416,8449,147417,147419,147420],{},[15,147418,145815],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147421,133263],{},[167,147423,147424],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147426,8908,147427,147429],{},[15,147428,145815],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[52,147431,147433],{"className":54,"code":147432,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147434,147435,147445,147459,147483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147436,147437,147439,147441,147443],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147438,90],{"class":89},[61,147440,94],{"class":93},[61,147442,5396],{"class":102},[61,147444,258],{"class":93},[61,147446,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,147448,90],{"class":89},[61,147450,94],{"class":93},[61,147452,657],{"class":109},[61,147454,94],{"class":93},[61,147456,5396],{"class":102},[61,147458,342],{"class":93},[61,147460,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,147462,90],{"class":89},[61,147464,3032],{"class":93},[61,147466,657],{"class":109},[61,147468,94],{"class":93},[61,147470,2228],{"class":102},[61,147472,664],{"class":93},[61,147474,3918],{"class":672},[61,147476,3921],{"class":102},[61,147478,3924],{"class":672},[61,147480,3927],{"class":102},[61,147482,1365],{"class":93},[61,147484,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,147486,90],{"class":89},[61,147488,94],{"class":93},[61,147490,145938],{"class":89},[61,147492,3032],{"class":93},[61,147494,189],{"class":109},[61,147496,94],{"class":93},[61,147498,2228],{"class":102},[61,147500,664],{"class":93},[61,147502,3918],{"class":672},[61,147504,3921],{"class":102},[61,147506,3924],{"class":672},[61,147508,3927],{"class":102},[61,147510,1518],{"class":93},[20,147512,135834],{},[164,147514,147515,147521,147527,147532],{},[167,147516,147517,147520],{},[15,147518,147519],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[167,147522,147523,147526],{},[15,147524,147525],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[167,147528,147529,135856],{},[15,147530,147531],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[167,147533,147534,147537],{},[15,147535,147536],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[47,147539,1879],{"id":1878},[260,147541,1883,147543,1886],{"id":147542},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147544,145815],{},[20,147546,147547],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[260,147549,1898,147551,147553],{"id":147550},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147552,145815],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147555,30298,147556,31,147559,147562],{},[15,147557,147558],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147560,147561],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[260,147564,1898,147566,147568],{"id":147565},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147567,145815],{}," work with floats?",[20,147570,147571],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[260,147573,147575,147576,1916],{"id":147574},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147577,145815],{},[20,147579,147580,147581,147583],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147582,36099],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[260,147585,5196,147587,119219,147589,1916],{"id":147586},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147588,145815],{},[15,147590,1382],{},[20,147592,147593],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[47,147595,1938],{"id":1937},[164,147597,147598,147602,147608,147614,147620,147624,147628],{},[167,147599,147600],{},[221,147601,146298],{"href":2468},[167,147603,147604],{},[221,147605,13,147606,1947],{"href":36222},[15,147607,36225],{},[167,147609,147610],{},[221,147611,13,147612,1947],{"href":42381},[15,147613,42384],{},[167,147615,147616],{},[221,147617,13,147618,1947],{"href":42198},[15,147619,47696],{},[167,147621,147622],{},[221,147623,5258],{"href":40035},[167,147625,147626],{},[221,147627,3572],{"href":526},[167,147629,147630],{},[221,147631,147209],{"href":135101},[1969,147633,147634],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":147636},[147637,147638,147640,147641,147642,147644,147652,147658,147665,147671,147672,147684],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":145894,"depth":79,"text":147639},"What sum() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":146072,"depth":79,"text":147643},"Using the start value",{"id":146174,"depth":79,"text":147645,"children":147646},"What sum() can work with",[147647,147648,147649,147651],{"id":40450,"depth":86,"text":40451},{"id":51868,"depth":86,"text":146240},{"id":146301,"depth":86,"text":147650},"Values from range()",{"id":146349,"depth":86,"text":146350},{"id":146423,"depth":79,"text":147653,"children":147654},"What sum() does not work with",[147655,147656,147657],{"id":146434,"depth":86,"text":146435},{"id":146551,"depth":86,"text":146552},{"id":146609,"depth":86,"text":146610},{"id":41528,"depth":79,"text":41529,"children":147659},[147660,147661,147662,147663],{"id":6558,"depth":86,"text":6559},{"id":146745,"depth":86,"text":146746},{"id":146893,"depth":86,"text":146894},{"id":147030,"depth":86,"text":147664},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147212,"depth":79,"text":147666,"children":147667},"sum() vs manual loop",[147668,147670],{"id":147223,"depth":86,"text":147669},"Using sum()",{"id":147277,"depth":86,"text":147278},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":147673},[147674,147676,147678,147680,147682],{"id":147542,"depth":86,"text":147675},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147550,"depth":86,"text":147677},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147565,"depth":86,"text":147679},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147574,"depth":86,"text":147681},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147586,"depth":86,"text":147683},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145807,"description":147685},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147692,"title":147693,"body":147694,"description":149096,"extension":2017,"meta":149097,"navigation":82,"path":149098,"seo":149099,"stem":149100,"__hash__":149101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147695,"toc":149064},[147696,147702,147708,147711,147774,147780,147785,147789,147806,147820,147824,147844,147858,147860,147953,147955,147969,147971,147974,148063,148065,148073,148082,148084,148088,148109,148111,148203,148205,148226,148228,148232,148246,148248,148322,148324,148343,148347,148350,148373,148375,148486,148493,148501,148503,148509,148512,148555,148558,148581,148589,148593,148668,148674,148699,148706,148709,148712,148716,148721,148809,148817,148821,148824,148849,148853,148914,148918,148967,148977,148979,148984,148987,148993,148996,149000,149004,149010,149013,149021,149029,149031,149061],[10,147697,147699,147700,11352],{"id":147698},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147701,57114],{},[20,147703,147704,147707],{},[15,147705,147706],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147709,147710],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[52,147712,147714],{"className":54,"code":147713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147715,147716,147744,147762],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147717,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147719,3661],{"class":67},[61,147721,72],{"class":71},[61,147723,572],{"class":93},[61,147725,3035],{"class":75},[61,147727,106],{"class":93},[61,147729,3040],{"class":75},[61,147731,106],{"class":93},[61,147733,3040],{"class":75},[61,147735,106],{"class":93},[61,147737,1020],{"class":75},[61,147739,106],{"class":93},[61,147741,3040],{"class":75},[61,147743,258],{"class":93},[61,147745,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756,147758,147760],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,147747,1593],{"class":67},[61,147749,72],{"class":71},[61,147751,4303],{"class":67},[61,147753,229],{"class":93},[61,147755,952],{"class":102},[61,147757,94],{"class":93},[61,147759,2113],{"class":75},[61,147761,258],{"class":93},[61,147763,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,147765,90],{"class":89},[61,147767,94],{"class":93},[61,147769,1620],{"class":102},[61,147771,664],{"class":93},[61,147773,50592],{"class":116},[20,147775,143,147776,147779],{},[15,147777,147778],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[47,147781,151,147783,154],{"id":147782},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147784,147706],{},[20,147786,147787,1314],{},[15,147788,147778],{},[164,147790,147791,147797,147800,147803],{},[167,147792,147793,147794,147796],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147795,103],{}," appears in the tuple",[167,147798,147799],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[167,147801,147802],{},"Returns an integer",[167,147804,147805],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147807,147808,147809,147811,147812,31,147816,229],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147810,57114],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[221,147813,147815],{"href":147814},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[221,147817,147819],{"href":147818},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[47,147821,147823],{"id":147822},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[52,147825,147827],{"className":54,"code":147826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147828,147829],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147830,147831,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147832,147833],{"class":67},"my_tuple",[61,147835,229],{"class":93},[61,147837,952],{"class":102},[61,147839,94],{"class":93},[61,147841,103],{"class":102},[61,147843,258],{"class":93},[164,147845,147846,147850,147853],{},[167,147847,147848,57279],{},[15,147849,103],{},[167,147851,147852],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[167,147854,147855,147856],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147857,2175],{},[260,147859,102934],{"id":102933},[52,147861,147863],{"className":54,"code":147862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147864,147865,147905,147929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147866,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147868,13102],{"class":67},[61,147870,72],{"class":71},[61,147872,572],{"class":93},[61,147874,1010],{"class":310},[61,147876,13119],{"class":314},[61,147878,1010],{"class":310},[61,147880,106],{"class":93},[61,147882,311],{"class":310},[61,147884,13136],{"class":314},[61,147886,1010],{"class":310},[61,147888,106],{"class":93},[61,147890,311],{"class":310},[61,147892,13119],{"class":314},[61,147894,1010],{"class":310},[61,147896,106],{"class":93},[61,147898,311],{"class":310},[61,147900,17482],{"class":314},[61,147902,1010],{"class":310},[61,147904,258],{"class":93},[61,147906,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,147908,90],{"class":89},[61,147910,94],{"class":93},[61,147912,17529],{"class":102},[61,147914,229],{"class":93},[61,147916,952],{"class":102},[61,147918,94],{"class":93},[61,147920,1010],{"class":310},[61,147922,13119],{"class":314},[61,147924,1010],{"class":310},[61,147926,113],{"class":93},[61,147928,57469],{"class":116},[61,147930,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,147932,90],{"class":89},[61,147934,94],{"class":93},[61,147936,17529],{"class":102},[61,147938,229],{"class":93},[61,147940,952],{"class":102},[61,147942,94],{"class":93},[61,147944,1010],{"class":310},[61,147946,22552],{"class":314},[61,147948,1010],{"class":310},[61,147950,113],{"class":93},[61,147952,51069],{"class":116},[20,147954,19984],{},[164,147956,147957,147962],{},[167,147958,147959,147961],{},[15,147960,65218],{}," appears 2 times",[167,147963,147964,147966,147967],{},[15,147965,109630],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147968,2175],{},[47,147970,359],{"id":358},[20,147972,147973],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[52,147975,147977],{"className":54,"code":147976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147978,147979,148027,148031,148053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147980,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147982,36266],{"class":67},[61,147984,72],{"class":71},[61,147986,572],{"class":93},[61,147988,1010],{"class":310},[61,147990,4118],{"class":314},[61,147992,1010],{"class":310},[61,147994,106],{"class":93},[61,147996,311],{"class":310},[61,147998,4127],{"class":314},[61,148000,1010],{"class":310},[61,148002,106],{"class":93},[61,148004,311],{"class":310},[61,148006,4118],{"class":314},[61,148008,1010],{"class":310},[61,148010,106],{"class":93},[61,148012,311],{"class":310},[61,148014,33250],{"class":314},[61,148016,1010],{"class":310},[61,148018,106],{"class":93},[61,148020,311],{"class":310},[61,148022,4118],{"class":314},[61,148024,1010],{"class":310},[61,148026,258],{"class":93},[61,148028,148029],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148030,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,148032,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,148034,1593],{"class":67},[61,148036,72],{"class":71},[61,148038,52674],{"class":67},[61,148040,229],{"class":93},[61,148042,952],{"class":102},[61,148044,94],{"class":93},[61,148046,1010],{"class":310},[61,148048,4118],{"class":314},[61,148050,1010],{"class":310},[61,148052,258],{"class":93},[61,148054,148055,148057,148059,148061],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,148056,90],{"class":89},[61,148058,94],{"class":93},[61,148060,1620],{"class":102},[61,148062,258],{"class":93},[20,148064,345],{},[52,148066,148067],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,148068,148069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148070,148071],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148072,46630],{"class":75},[20,148074,148075,148077,148078,2446,148080,229],{},[15,148076,57657],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148079,57114],{},[15,148081,1046],{},[47,148083,38048],{"id":38047},[20,148085,57368,148086,128569],{},[15,148087,57114],{},[164,148089,148090,148095,148100,148103],{},[167,148091,172,148092,148094],{},[15,148093,2175],{}," when the value does not exist",[167,148096,172,148097,148099],{},[15,148098,3035],{}," when the value appears once",[167,148101,148102],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[167,148104,148105,148106,148108],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148107,1124],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148110,295],{},[52,148112,148114],{"className":54,"code":148113,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148115,148116,148157,148161,148188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148117,148118,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148119,148120],{"class":67},"answers ",[61,148122,72],{"class":71},[61,148124,572],{"class":93},[61,148126,1010],{"class":310},[61,148128,8691],{"class":314},[61,148130,1010],{"class":310},[61,148132,106],{"class":93},[61,148134,311],{"class":310},[61,148136,8630],{"class":314},[61,148138,1010],{"class":310},[61,148140,106],{"class":93},[61,148142,311],{"class":310},[61,148144,8691],{"class":314},[61,148146,1010],{"class":310},[61,148148,106],{"class":93},[61,148150,311],{"class":310},[61,148152,8691],{"class":314},[61,148154,1010],{"class":310},[61,148156,258],{"class":93},[61,148158,148159],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148160,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,148162,148163,148165,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,148164,1124],{"class":672},[61,148166,148167],{"class":67}," answers",[61,148169,229],{"class":93},[61,148171,952],{"class":102},[61,148173,94],{"class":93},[61,148175,1010],{"class":310},[61,148177,8691],{"class":314},[61,148179,1010],{"class":310},[61,148181,664],{"class":93},[61,148183,38424],{"class":71},[61,148185,5535],{"class":75},[61,148187,6433],{"class":93},[61,148189,148190,148192,148194,148196,148199,148201],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,148191,1141],{"class":89},[61,148193,94],{"class":93},[61,148195,1010],{"class":310},[61,148197,148198],{"class":314},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[61,148200,1010],{"class":310},[61,148202,258],{"class":93},[20,148204,345],{},[52,148206,148208],{"className":54,"code":148207,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148209,148210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148211,148212,148215,148217,148219,148221,148224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148213,148214],{"class":67},"The answer ",[61,148216,3348],{"class":310},[61,148218,8691],{"class":314},[61,148220,3348],{"class":310},[61,148222,148223],{"class":67}," appears more than once",[61,148225,122213],{"class":93},[47,148227,41071],{"id":41070},[20,148229,35431,148230,104397],{},[15,148231,147706],{},[164,148233,148234,148237,148240,148243],{},[167,148235,148236],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[167,148238,148239],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[167,148241,148242],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[167,148244,148245],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148247,295],{},[52,148249,148251],{"className":54,"code":148250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148252,148253,148281,148285,148307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148254,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263,148265,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148256,5104],{"class":67},[61,148258,72],{"class":71},[61,148260,572],{"class":93},[61,148262,2379],{"class":75},[61,148264,106],{"class":93},[61,148266,7825],{"class":75},[61,148268,106],{"class":93},[61,148270,6043],{"class":75},[61,148272,106],{"class":93},[61,148274,7830],{"class":75},[61,148276,106],{"class":93},[61,148278,6043],{"class":75},[61,148280,258],{"class":93},[61,148282,148283],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148284,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,148286,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,148288,1124],{"class":672},[61,148290,5151],{"class":67},[61,148292,229],{"class":93},[61,148294,952],{"class":102},[61,148296,94],{"class":93},[61,148298,2379],{"class":75},[61,148300,664],{"class":93},[61,148302,51110],{"class":71},[61,148304,3040],{"class":75},[61,148306,6433],{"class":93},[61,148308,148309,148311,148313,148315,148318,148320],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,148310,1141],{"class":89},[61,148312,94],{"class":93},[61,148314,1010],{"class":310},[61,148316,148317],{"class":314},"The score 10 is repeated.",[61,148319,1010],{"class":310},[61,148321,258],{"class":93},[20,148323,345],{},[52,148325,148327],{"className":54,"code":148326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148328,148329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148330,148331,148334,148336,148338,148341],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148332,148333],{"class":67},"The score ",[61,148335,2379],{"class":75},[61,148337,8130],{"class":71},[61,148339,148340],{"class":67}," repeated",[61,148342,122213],{"class":93},[47,148344,148346],{"id":148345},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148348,148349],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[164,148351,148352,148358,148363,148366],{},[167,148353,148354,148355,148357],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148356,57114],{}," still works because it only reads data",[167,148359,148360,148362],{},[15,148361,57114],{}," counts exact matches",[167,148364,148365],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[167,148367,148368,749,148370,148372],{},[15,148369,3035],{},[15,148371,42181],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148374,295],{},[52,148376,148378],{"className":54,"code":148377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148379,148380,148414,148418,148438,148462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148381,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148395,148397,148399,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148383,3865],{"class":67},[61,148385,72],{"class":71},[61,148387,572],{"class":93},[61,148389,3035],{"class":75},[61,148391,106],{"class":93},[61,148393,148394],{"class":75}," 1.0",[61,148396,106],{"class":93},[61,148398,311],{"class":310},[61,148400,148401],{"class":314},"Cat",[61,148403,1010],{"class":310},[61,148405,106],{"class":93},[61,148407,311],{"class":310},[61,148409,37075],{"class":314},[61,148411,1010],{"class":310},[61,148413,258],{"class":93},[61,148415,148416],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148417,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,148419,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,148421,90],{"class":89},[61,148423,94],{"class":93},[61,148425,5396],{"class":102},[61,148427,229],{"class":93},[61,148429,952],{"class":102},[61,148431,94],{"class":93},[61,148433,3035],{"class":75},[61,148435,113],{"class":93},[61,148437,50916],{"class":116},[61,148439,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,148441,90],{"class":89},[61,148443,94],{"class":93},[61,148445,5396],{"class":102},[61,148447,229],{"class":93},[61,148449,952],{"class":102},[61,148451,94],{"class":93},[61,148453,1010],{"class":310},[61,148455,148401],{"class":314},[61,148457,1010],{"class":310},[61,148459,113],{"class":93},[61,148461,27806],{"class":116},[61,148463,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,148465,90],{"class":89},[61,148467,94],{"class":93},[61,148469,5396],{"class":102},[61,148471,229],{"class":93},[61,148473,952],{"class":102},[61,148475,94],{"class":93},[61,148477,1010],{"class":310},[61,148479,37075],{"class":314},[61,148481,1010],{"class":310},[61,148483,113],{"class":93},[61,148485,27806],{"class":116},[20,148487,5196,148488,5199,148491,1916],{},[15,148489,148490],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148492,2113],{},[20,148494,8819,148495,4823,148498,148500],{},[15,148496,148497],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148499,30],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[47,148502,2878],{"id":2877},[260,148504,8449,148506,148508],{"id":148505},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148507,952],{}," without parentheses",[20,148510,148511],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[52,148513,148515],{"className":54,"code":148514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148516,148517,148541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148518,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148520,3661],{"class":67},[61,148522,72],{"class":71},[61,148524,572],{"class":93},[61,148526,3035],{"class":75},[61,148528,106],{"class":93},[61,148530,3040],{"class":75},[61,148532,106],{"class":93},[61,148534,3040],{"class":75},[61,148536,106],{"class":93},[61,148538,1020],{"class":75},[61,148540,258],{"class":93},[61,148542,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148544,90],{"class":89},[61,148546,94],{"class":93},[61,148548,3691],{"class":102},[61,148550,229],{"class":93},[61,148552,952],{"class":24778},[61,148554,258],{"class":93},[20,148556,148557],{},"To call the method correctly:",[52,148559,148561],{"className":54,"code":148560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148562,148563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148564,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148566,90],{"class":89},[61,148568,94],{"class":93},[61,148570,3691],{"class":102},[61,148572,229],{"class":93},[61,148574,952],{"class":102},[61,148576,94],{"class":93},[61,148578,2113],{"class":75},[61,148580,342],{"class":93},[260,148582,8485,148583,8488,148585,31,148587],{"id":58417},[15,148584,57114],{},[15,148586,30],{},[15,148588,34],{},[20,148590,148591,58428],{},[15,148592,57114],{},[52,148594,148596],{"className":54,"code":148595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148597,148598,148630,148652,148656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148599,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148601,36117],{"class":67},[61,148603,72],{"class":71},[61,148605,572],{"class":93},[61,148607,1010],{"class":310},[61,148609,221],{"class":314},[61,148611,1010],{"class":310},[61,148613,106],{"class":93},[61,148615,311],{"class":310},[61,148617,1101],{"class":314},[61,148619,1010],{"class":310},[61,148621,106],{"class":93},[61,148623,311],{"class":310},[61,148625,221],{"class":314},[61,148627,1010],{"class":310},[61,148629,258],{"class":93},[61,148631,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148633,1593],{"class":67},[61,148635,72],{"class":71},[61,148637,69922],{"class":67},[61,148639,229],{"class":93},[61,148641,952],{"class":102},[61,148643,94],{"class":93},[61,148645,1010],{"class":310},[61,148647,221],{"class":314},[61,148649,1010],{"class":310},[61,148651,258],{"class":93},[61,148653,148654],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,148655,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,148657,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,148659,90],{"class":89},[61,148661,94],{"class":93},[61,148663,1620],{"class":102},[61,148665,664],{"class":93},[61,148667,51237],{"class":116},[20,148669,148670,148671,148673],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148672,3924],{}," is often simpler:",[52,148675,148677],{"className":54,"code":148676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148678,148679],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148680,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148682,90],{"class":89},[61,148684,94],{"class":93},[61,148686,1010],{"class":310},[61,148688,221],{"class":314},[61,148690,1010],{"class":310},[61,148692,21201],{"class":672},[61,148694,69922],{"class":102},[61,148696,664],{"class":93},[61,148698,3706],{"class":116},[260,148700,37232,148702,8738,148704],{"id":148701},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148703,147706],{},[15,148705,57119],{},[20,148707,148708],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148710,148711],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[260,148713,148715],{"id":148714},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148717,148718,148720],{},[15,148719,57114],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[52,148722,148724],{"className":54,"code":148723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148725,148726,148759,148785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148727,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148729,4109],{"class":67},[61,148731,72],{"class":71},[61,148733,572],{"class":93},[61,148735,1010],{"class":310},[61,148737,4118],{"class":314},[61,148739,1010],{"class":310},[61,148741,106],{"class":93},[61,148743,311],{"class":310},[61,148745,148746],{"class":314},"pineapple",[61,148748,1010],{"class":310},[61,148750,106],{"class":93},[61,148752,311],{"class":310},[61,148754,4118],{"class":314},[61,148756,1010],{"class":310},[61,148758,258],{"class":93},[61,148760,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148778,148780,148782],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148762,90],{"class":89},[61,148764,94],{"class":93},[61,148766,4153],{"class":102},[61,148768,229],{"class":93},[61,148770,952],{"class":102},[61,148772,94],{"class":93},[61,148774,1010],{"class":310},[61,148776,148777],{"class":314},"app",[61,148779,1010],{"class":310},[61,148781,113],{"class":93},[61,148783,148784],{"class":116},"    # 0\n",[61,148786,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,148788,90],{"class":89},[61,148790,94],{"class":93},[61,148792,4153],{"class":102},[61,148794,229],{"class":93},[61,148796,952],{"class":102},[61,148798,94],{"class":93},[61,148800,1010],{"class":310},[61,148802,4118],{"class":314},[61,148804,1010],{"class":310},[61,148806,113],{"class":93},[61,148808,51237],{"class":116},[20,148810,148811,148814,148815,229],{},[15,148812,148813],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148816,2175],{},[47,148818,148820],{"id":148819},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148822,148823],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[164,148825,148826,148831,148840,148846],{},[167,148827,143,148828,148830],{},[15,148829,3924],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[167,148832,143,148833,148839],{},[221,148834,148836,148837],{"href":148835},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148838,58792],{}," to find the position of a value",[167,148841,143,148842,148845],{},[15,148843,148844],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[167,148847,148848],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148850,46055,148851,1314],{},[15,148852,3924],{},[52,148854,148856],{"className":54,"code":148855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148857,148858,148878,148882,148898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148859,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148861,3661],{"class":67},[61,148863,72],{"class":71},[61,148865,572],{"class":93},[61,148867,2552],{"class":75},[61,148869,106],{"class":93},[61,148871,6032],{"class":75},[61,148873,106],{"class":93},[61,148875,53959],{"class":75},[61,148877,258],{"class":93},[61,148879,148880],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148881,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,148883,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,148885,90],{"class":89},[61,148887,94],{"class":93},[61,148889,2081],{"class":75},[61,148891,21201],{"class":672},[61,148893,4303],{"class":102},[61,148895,664],{"class":93},[61,148897,117],{"class":116},[61,148899,148900,148902,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,148901,90],{"class":89},[61,148903,94],{"class":93},[61,148905,2192],{"class":75},[61,148907,21201],{"class":672},[61,148909,4303],{"class":102},[61,148911,664],{"class":93},[61,148913,140],{"class":116},[20,148915,46055,148916,1314],{},[15,148917,58792],{},[52,148919,148921],{"className":54,"code":148920,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148922,148923,148947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148924,148925,148927,148929,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148926,3661],{"class":67},[61,148928,72],{"class":71},[61,148930,572],{"class":93},[61,148932,2552],{"class":75},[61,148934,106],{"class":93},[61,148936,6032],{"class":75},[61,148938,106],{"class":93},[61,148940,53959],{"class":75},[61,148942,106],{"class":93},[61,148944,6032],{"class":75},[61,148946,258],{"class":93},[61,148948,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,148950,90],{"class":89},[61,148952,94],{"class":93},[61,148954,3691],{"class":102},[61,148956,229],{"class":93},[61,148958,35872],{"class":102},[61,148960,94],{"class":93},[61,148962,2081],{"class":75},[61,148964,113],{"class":93},[61,148966,27806],{"class":116},[20,148968,148969,148971,148972,148974,148976],{},[15,148970,57114],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9877,148973],{},[15,148975,58792],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[47,148978,1879],{"id":1878},[260,148980,1883,148982,1886],{"id":148981},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148983,147706],{},[20,148985,148986],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[260,148988,1928,148990,148992],{"id":148989},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148991,147706],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148994,148995],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[260,148997,148999],{"id":148998},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149001,11938,149002,229],{},[15,149003,2175],{},[260,149005,1898,149007,149009],{"id":149006},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149008,147706],{}," count strings?",[20,149011,149012],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[260,149014,1911,149016,749,149018,1916],{"id":149015},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149017,147706],{},[15,149019,149020],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149022,149023,149025,149026,149028],{},[15,149024,57114],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149027,58792],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[47,149030,1938],{"id":1937},[164,149032,149033,149037,149042,149049,149057],{},[167,149034,149035],{},[221,149036,147815],{"href":147814},[167,149038,149039],{},[221,149040,149041],{"href":147818},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[167,149043,149044],{},[221,149045,149046,149047,10770],{"href":148835},"Python tuple ",[15,149048,58792],{},[167,149050,149051],{},[221,149052,149054,149055],{"href":149053},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149056,42384],{},[167,149058,149059],{},[221,149060,58780],{"href":58779},[1969,149062,149063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":149065},[149066,149068,149071,149072,149073,149074,149075,149083,149084,149095],{"id":147782,"depth":79,"text":149067},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147822,"depth":79,"text":147823,"children":149069},[149070],{"id":102933,"depth":86,"text":102934},{"id":358,"depth":79,"text":359},{"id":38047,"depth":79,"text":38048},{"id":41070,"depth":79,"text":41071},{"id":148345,"depth":79,"text":148346},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":149076},[149077,149079,149080,149082],{"id":148505,"depth":86,"text":149078},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58417,"depth":86,"text":58833},{"id":148701,"depth":86,"text":149081},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148714,"depth":86,"text":148715},{"id":148819,"depth":79,"text":148820},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":149085},[149086,149088,149090,149091,149093],{"id":148981,"depth":86,"text":149087},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148989,"depth":86,"text":149089},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148998,"depth":86,"text":148999},{"id":149006,"depth":86,"text":149092},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149015,"depth":86,"text":149094},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147693,"description":149096},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149103,"title":149104,"body":149105,"description":150792,"extension":2017,"meta":150793,"navigation":82,"path":150794,"seo":150795,"stem":150796,"__hash__":150797},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149106,"toc":150755},[149107,149110,149113,149122,149124,149254,149256,149317,149323,149325,149345,149349,149352,149355,149390,149392,149413,149416,149455,149457,149482,149489,149493,149496,149533,149535,149558,149561,149564,149576,149582,149586,149589,149595,149636,149638,149661,149664,149705,149707,149734,149736,149753,149755,149772,149775,149779,149782,149784,149818,149820,149867,149871,149910,149914,149917,149974,149976,150017,150023,150029,150034,150036,150073,150075,150095,150097,150130,150132,150165,150168,150172,150205,150207,150232,150235,150237,150251,150258,150260,150263,150267,150270,150305,150308,150343,150347,150350,150389,150392,150431,150435,150437,150467,150470,150477,150479,150511,150514,150546,150549,150580,150582,150599,150603,150606,150670,150672,150676,150683,150687,150690,150694,150697,150701,150704,150709,150715,150717,150752],[10,149108,149104],{"id":149109},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149111,149112],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149114,149115,149116,31,149120,229],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[221,149117,149119],{"href":149118},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[221,149121,147815],{"href":147814},[47,149123,2059],{"id":2058},[52,149125,149127],{"className":54,"code":149126,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149128,149129,149149,149158,149172,149208,149212,149222,149232,149243],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149130,149131,149133,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149132,3661],{"class":67},[61,149134,72],{"class":71},[61,149136,572],{"class":93},[61,149138,3035],{"class":75},[61,149140,106],{"class":93},[61,149142,3040],{"class":75},[61,149144,106],{"class":93},[61,149146,1020],{"class":75},[61,149148,258],{"class":93},[61,149150,149151,149153,149155],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149152,124679],{"class":67},[61,149154,72],{"class":71},[61,149156,149157],{"class":93}," ()\n",[61,149159,149160,149163,149165,149167,149169],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,149161,149162],{"class":67},"one_item ",[61,149164,72],{"class":71},[61,149166,572],{"class":93},[61,149168,2192],{"class":75},[61,149170,149171],{"class":93},",)\n",[61,149173,149174,149177,149179,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,149175,149176],{"class":67},"from_list ",[61,149178,72],{"class":71},[61,149180,149181],{"class":109}," tuple",[61,149183,3032],{"class":93},[61,149185,1010],{"class":310},[61,149187,221],{"class":314},[61,149189,1010],{"class":310},[61,149191,106],{"class":93},[61,149193,311],{"class":310},[61,149195,1101],{"class":314},[61,149197,1010],{"class":310},[61,149199,106],{"class":93},[61,149201,311],{"class":310},[61,149203,1110],{"class":314},[61,149205,1010],{"class":310},[61,149207,1365],{"class":93},[61,149209,149210],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,149211,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,149213,149214,149216,149218,149220],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,149215,90],{"class":89},[61,149217,94],{"class":93},[61,149219,3691],{"class":102},[61,149221,258],{"class":93},[61,149223,149224,149226,149228,149230],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,149225,90],{"class":89},[61,149227,94],{"class":93},[61,149229,124730],{"class":102},[61,149231,258],{"class":93},[61,149233,149234,149236,149238,149241],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,149235,90],{"class":89},[61,149237,94],{"class":93},[61,149239,149240],{"class":102},"one_item",[61,149242,258],{"class":93},[61,149244,149245,149247,149249,149252],{"class":63,"line":993},[61,149246,90],{"class":89},[61,149248,94],{"class":93},[61,149250,149251],{"class":102},"from_list",[61,149253,258],{"class":93},[20,149255,345],{},[52,149257,149259],{"className":54,"code":149258,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149260,149261,149277,149281,149289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149262,149263,149265,149267,149269,149271,149273,149275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149264,94],{"class":93},[61,149266,3035],{"class":75},[61,149268,106],{"class":93},[61,149270,3040],{"class":75},[61,149272,106],{"class":93},[61,149274,1020],{"class":75},[61,149276,258],{"class":93},[61,149278,149279],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149280,8676],{"class":93},[61,149282,149283,149285,149287],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,149284,94],{"class":93},[61,149286,2192],{"class":75},[61,149288,149171],{"class":93},[61,149290,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,149292,94],{"class":93},[61,149294,3348],{"class":310},[61,149296,221],{"class":314},[61,149298,3348],{"class":310},[61,149300,106],{"class":93},[61,149302,3343],{"class":310},[61,149304,1101],{"class":314},[61,149306,3348],{"class":310},[61,149308,106],{"class":93},[61,149310,3343],{"class":310},[61,149312,1110],{"class":314},[61,149314,3348],{"class":310},[61,149316,258],{"class":93},[20,149318,149319,149320,229],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149321,149322],{},"(5,)",[47,149324,15190],{"id":15189},[164,149326,149327,149330,149333,149336,149339,149342],{},[167,149328,149329],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[167,149331,149332],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[167,149334,149335],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[167,149337,149338],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[167,149340,149341],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[167,149343,149344],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[47,149346,149348],{"id":149347},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149350,149351],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149353,149354],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[52,149356,149358],{"className":54,"code":149357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149359,149360,149380],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149361,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372,149374,149376,149378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149363,3661],{"class":67},[61,149365,72],{"class":71},[61,149367,572],{"class":93},[61,149369,3035],{"class":75},[61,149371,106],{"class":93},[61,149373,3040],{"class":75},[61,149375,106],{"class":93},[61,149377,1020],{"class":75},[61,149379,258],{"class":93},[61,149381,149382,149384,149386,149388],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149383,90],{"class":89},[61,149385,94],{"class":93},[61,149387,3691],{"class":102},[61,149389,258],{"class":93},[20,149391,345],{},[52,149393,149395],{"className":54,"code":149394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149396,149397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149398,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149400,94],{"class":93},[61,149402,3035],{"class":75},[61,149404,106],{"class":93},[61,149406,3040],{"class":75},[61,149408,106],{"class":93},[61,149410,1020],{"class":75},[61,149412,258],{"class":93},[20,149414,149415],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[52,149417,149419],{"className":54,"code":149418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149420,149421,149445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149422,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149424,9199],{"class":67},[61,149426,72],{"class":71},[61,149428,572],{"class":93},[61,149430,3035],{"class":75},[61,149432,106],{"class":93},[61,149434,311],{"class":310},[61,149436,4118],{"class":314},[61,149438,1010],{"class":310},[61,149440,106],{"class":93},[61,149442,3956],{"class":355},[61,149444,258],{"class":93},[61,149446,149447,149449,149451,149453],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149448,90],{"class":89},[61,149450,94],{"class":93},[61,149452,9237],{"class":102},[61,149454,258],{"class":93},[20,149456,345],{},[52,149458,149460],{"className":54,"code":149459,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149461,149462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149463,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149465,94],{"class":93},[61,149467,3035],{"class":75},[61,149469,106],{"class":93},[61,149471,3343],{"class":310},[61,149473,4118],{"class":314},[61,149475,3348],{"class":310},[61,149477,106],{"class":93},[61,149479,3956],{"class":355},[61,149481,258],{"class":93},[20,149483,149484,149485,229],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[221,149486,149488],{"href":149487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[47,149490,149492],{"id":149491},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149494,149495],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[52,149497,149499],{"className":54,"code":149498,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149500,149501,149509,149519],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149502,149503,149505,149507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149504,124679],{"class":67},[61,149506,72],{"class":71},[61,149508,149157],{"class":93},[61,149510,149511,149513,149515,149517],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149512,90],{"class":89},[61,149514,94],{"class":93},[61,149516,124730],{"class":102},[61,149518,258],{"class":93},[61,149520,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,149522,90],{"class":89},[61,149524,94],{"class":93},[61,149526,657],{"class":109},[61,149528,94],{"class":93},[61,149530,124730],{"class":102},[61,149532,342],{"class":93},[20,149534,345],{},[52,149536,149538],{"className":54,"code":149537,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149539,149540,149544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149541,149542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149543,8676],{"class":93},[61,149545,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149547,3337],{"class":71},[61,149549,3340],{"class":882},[61,149551,3343],{"class":310},[61,149553,195],{"class":314},[61,149555,3348],{"class":310},[61,149557,3351],{"class":71},[20,149559,149560],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149562,149563],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[164,149565,149566,149571],{},[167,149567,149568,149569],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149570,7400],{},[167,149572,149573,149574],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149575,3829],{},[20,149577,149578,149579,229],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[221,149580,149581],{"href":56977},"Python list: creating a list",[47,149583,149585],{"id":149584},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149587,149588],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149590,149591,149592,149594],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3784,149593,4670],{}," automatically a tuple:",[52,149596,149598],{"className":54,"code":149597,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149599,149600,149612,149622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149601,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149603,68],{"class":67},[61,149605,72],{"class":71},[61,149607,572],{"class":93},[61,149609,2192],{"class":75},[61,149611,258],{"class":93},[61,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149615,90],{"class":89},[61,149617,94],{"class":93},[61,149619,103],{"class":102},[61,149621,258],{"class":93},[61,149623,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,149625,90],{"class":89},[61,149627,94],{"class":93},[61,149629,657],{"class":109},[61,149631,94],{"class":93},[61,149633,103],{"class":102},[61,149635,342],{"class":93},[20,149637,345],{},[52,149639,149641],{"className":54,"code":149640,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149642,149643,149647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149644,149645],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149646,2994],{"class":75},[61,149648,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149650,3337],{"class":71},[61,149652,3340],{"class":882},[61,149654,3343],{"class":310},[61,149656,189],{"class":314},[61,149658,3348],{"class":310},[61,149660,3351],{"class":71},[20,149662,149663],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[52,149665,149667],{"className":54,"code":149666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149668,149669,149681,149691],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149670,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149672,149162],{"class":67},[61,149674,72],{"class":71},[61,149676,572],{"class":93},[61,149678,2192],{"class":75},[61,149680,149171],{"class":93},[61,149682,149683,149685,149687,149689],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149684,90],{"class":89},[61,149686,94],{"class":93},[61,149688,149240],{"class":102},[61,149690,258],{"class":93},[61,149692,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,149694,90],{"class":89},[61,149696,94],{"class":93},[61,149698,657],{"class":109},[61,149700,94],{"class":93},[61,149702,149240],{"class":102},[61,149704,342],{"class":93},[20,149706,345],{},[52,149708,149710],{"className":54,"code":149709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149711,149712,149720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149713,149714,149716,149718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149715,94],{"class":93},[61,149717,2192],{"class":75},[61,149719,149171],{"class":93},[61,149721,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149723,3337],{"class":71},[61,149725,3340],{"class":882},[61,149727,3343],{"class":310},[61,149729,195],{"class":314},[61,149731,3348],{"class":310},[61,149733,3351],{"class":71},[20,149735,1443],{},[52,149737,149739],{"className":54,"code":149738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149740,149741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149742,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149744,94],{"class":93},[61,149746,1010],{"class":310},[61,149748,4118],{"class":314},[61,149750,1010],{"class":310},[61,149752,149171],{"class":93},[20,149754,1400],{},[52,149756,149758],{"className":54,"code":149757,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149759,149760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149761,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149763,94],{"class":93},[61,149765,1010],{"class":310},[61,149767,4118],{"class":314},[61,149769,1010],{"class":310},[61,149771,258],{"class":93},[20,149773,149774],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[47,149776,149778],{"id":149777},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149780,149781],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[260,149783,56285],{"id":3691},[52,149785,149786],{"className":54,"code":149357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,149787,149788,149808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149789,149790,149792,149794,149796,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149791,3661],{"class":67},[61,149793,72],{"class":71},[61,149795,572],{"class":93},[61,149797,3035],{"class":75},[61,149799,106],{"class":93},[61,149801,3040],{"class":75},[61,149803,106],{"class":93},[61,149805,1020],{"class":75},[61,149807,258],{"class":93},[61,149809,149810,149812,149814,149816],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149811,90],{"class":89},[61,149813,94],{"class":93},[61,149815,3691],{"class":102},[61,149817,258],{"class":93},[260,149819,56288],{"id":5346},[52,149821,149823],{"className":54,"code":149822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149824,149825,149857],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149826,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149828,13102],{"class":67},[61,149830,72],{"class":71},[61,149832,572],{"class":93},[61,149834,1010],{"class":310},[61,149836,13119],{"class":314},[61,149838,1010],{"class":310},[61,149840,106],{"class":93},[61,149842,311],{"class":310},[61,149844,17482],{"class":314},[61,149846,1010],{"class":310},[61,149848,106],{"class":93},[61,149850,311],{"class":310},[61,149852,13136],{"class":314},[61,149854,1010],{"class":310},[61,149856,258],{"class":93},[61,149858,149859,149861,149863,149865],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149860,90],{"class":89},[61,149862,94],{"class":93},[61,149864,17529],{"class":102},[61,149866,258],{"class":93},[260,149868,149870],{"id":149869},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[52,149872,149874],{"className":54,"code":149873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149875,149876,149900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149877,149878,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149879,59297],{"class":67},[61,149881,72],{"class":71},[61,149883,572],{"class":93},[61,149885,3035],{"class":75},[61,149887,106],{"class":93},[61,149889,311],{"class":310},[61,149891,4118],{"class":314},[61,149893,1010],{"class":310},[61,149895,106],{"class":93},[61,149897,3956],{"class":355},[61,149899,258],{"class":93},[61,149901,149902,149904,149906,149908],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149903,90],{"class":89},[61,149905,94],{"class":93},[61,149907,59350],{"class":102},[61,149909,258],{"class":93},[260,149911,149913],{"id":149912},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149915,149916],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[52,149918,149920],{"className":54,"code":149919,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149921,149922,149963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149923,149924,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149925,149926],{"class":67},"nested ",[61,149928,72],{"class":71},[61,149930,572],{"class":93},[61,149932,3035],{"class":75},[61,149934,106],{"class":93},[61,149936,572],{"class":93},[61,149938,1010],{"class":310},[61,149940,221],{"class":314},[61,149942,1010],{"class":310},[61,149944,106],{"class":93},[61,149946,311],{"class":310},[61,149948,1101],{"class":314},[61,149950,1010],{"class":310},[61,149952,9266],{"class":93},[61,149954,1088],{"class":93},[61,149956,2379],{"class":75},[61,149958,106],{"class":93},[61,149960,7825],{"class":75},[61,149962,1365],{"class":93},[61,149964,149965,149967,149969,149972],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,149966,90],{"class":89},[61,149968,94],{"class":93},[61,149970,149971],{"class":102},"nested",[61,149973,258],{"class":93},[20,149975,345],{},[52,149977,149979],{"className":54,"code":149978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149980,149981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149982,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149984,94],{"class":93},[61,149986,3035],{"class":75},[61,149988,106],{"class":93},[61,149990,572],{"class":93},[61,149992,3348],{"class":310},[61,149994,221],{"class":314},[61,149996,3348],{"class":310},[61,149998,106],{"class":93},[61,150000,3343],{"class":310},[61,150002,1101],{"class":314},[61,150004,3348],{"class":310},[61,150006,9266],{"class":93},[61,150008,1088],{"class":93},[61,150010,2379],{"class":75},[61,150012,106],{"class":93},[61,150014,7825],{"class":75},[61,150016,1365],{"class":93},[47,150018,150020,150021],{"id":150019},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150022,38074],{},[20,150024,150025,150026,150028],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150027,38074],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150030,150031,150032,229],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[221,150033,63043],{"href":63042},[260,150035,105074],{"id":105073},[52,150037,150039],{"className":54,"code":150038,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150040,150041,150063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150042,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150044,3661],{"class":67},[61,150046,72],{"class":71},[61,150048,149181],{"class":109},[61,150050,3032],{"class":93},[61,150052,3035],{"class":75},[61,150054,106],{"class":93},[61,150056,3040],{"class":75},[61,150058,106],{"class":93},[61,150060,1020],{"class":75},[61,150062,1365],{"class":93},[61,150064,150065,150067,150069,150071],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150066,90],{"class":89},[61,150068,94],{"class":93},[61,150070,3691],{"class":102},[61,150072,258],{"class":93},[20,150074,345],{},[52,150076,150077],{"className":54,"code":149394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,150078,150079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150082,94],{"class":93},[61,150084,3035],{"class":75},[61,150086,106],{"class":93},[61,150088,3040],{"class":75},[61,150090,106],{"class":93},[61,150092,1020],{"class":75},[61,150094,258],{"class":93},[260,150096,105260],{"id":105259},[52,150098,150100],{"className":54,"code":150099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150101,150102,150120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150103,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150105,36117],{"class":67},[61,150107,72],{"class":71},[61,150109,149181],{"class":109},[61,150111,94],{"class":93},[61,150113,1010],{"class":310},[61,150115,41585],{"class":314},[61,150117,1010],{"class":310},[61,150119,258],{"class":93},[61,150121,150122,150124,150126,150128],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150123,90],{"class":89},[61,150125,94],{"class":93},[61,150127,36170],{"class":102},[61,150129,258],{"class":93},[20,150131,345],{},[52,150133,150135],{"className":54,"code":150134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150136,150137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150138,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150140,94],{"class":93},[61,150142,3348],{"class":310},[61,150144,221],{"class":314},[61,150146,3348],{"class":310},[61,150148,106],{"class":93},[61,150150,3343],{"class":310},[61,150152,1101],{"class":314},[61,150154,3348],{"class":310},[61,150156,106],{"class":93},[61,150158,3343],{"class":310},[61,150160,1110],{"class":314},[61,150162,3348],{"class":310},[61,150164,258],{"class":93},[20,150166,150167],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[260,150169,150171],{"id":150170},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[52,150173,150175],{"className":54,"code":150174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150176,150177,150195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150178,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191,150193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150180,3865],{"class":67},[61,150182,72],{"class":71},[61,150184,149181],{"class":109},[61,150186,94],{"class":93},[61,150188,59823],{"class":89},[61,150190,94],{"class":93},[61,150192,2552],{"class":75},[61,150194,342],{"class":93},[61,150196,150197,150199,150201,150203],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150198,90],{"class":89},[61,150200,94],{"class":93},[61,150202,5396],{"class":102},[61,150204,258],{"class":93},[20,150206,345],{},[52,150208,150210],{"className":54,"code":150209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150211,150212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150213,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150215,94],{"class":93},[61,150217,2175],{"class":75},[61,150219,106],{"class":93},[61,150221,5535],{"class":75},[61,150223,106],{"class":93},[61,150225,3040],{"class":75},[61,150227,106],{"class":93},[61,150229,1020],{"class":75},[61,150231,258],{"class":93},[20,150233,150234],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[47,150236,20828],{"id":20827},[164,150238,150239,150242,150245,150248],{},[167,150240,150241],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[167,150243,150244],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[167,150246,150247],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[167,150249,150250],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150252,150253,150254,229],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[221,150255,150257],{"href":150256},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[47,150259,2878],{"id":2877},[20,150261,150262],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[260,150264,150266],{"id":150265},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150268,150269],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[52,150271,150273],{"className":54,"code":150272,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150274,150275,150291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150276,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150278,28565],{"class":67},[61,150280,72],{"class":71},[61,150282,572],{"class":93},[61,150284,1010],{"class":310},[61,150286,4118],{"class":314},[61,150288,1010],{"class":310},[61,150290,258],{"class":93},[61,150292,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150294,90],{"class":89},[61,150296,94],{"class":93},[61,150298,657],{"class":109},[61,150300,94],{"class":93},[61,150302,23338],{"class":102},[61,150304,342],{"class":93},[20,150306,150307],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[52,150309,150311],{"className":54,"code":150310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150312,150313,150329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150314,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150316,28565],{"class":67},[61,150318,72],{"class":71},[61,150320,572],{"class":93},[61,150322,1010],{"class":310},[61,150324,4118],{"class":314},[61,150326,1010],{"class":310},[61,150328,149171],{"class":93},[61,150330,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150332,90],{"class":89},[61,150334,94],{"class":93},[61,150336,657],{"class":109},[61,150338,94],{"class":93},[61,150340,23338],{"class":102},[61,150342,342],{"class":93},[260,150344,150346],{"id":150345},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150348,150349],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[52,150351,150353],{"className":54,"code":150352,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150354,150355,150375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150356,150357,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367,150369,150371,150373],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150358,3865],{"class":67},[61,150360,72],{"class":71},[61,150362,1088],{"class":93},[61,150364,3035],{"class":75},[61,150366,106],{"class":93},[61,150368,3040],{"class":75},[61,150370,106],{"class":93},[61,150372,1020],{"class":75},[61,150374,1115],{"class":93},[61,150376,150377,150379,150381,150383,150385,150387],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150378,90],{"class":89},[61,150380,94],{"class":93},[61,150382,657],{"class":109},[61,150384,94],{"class":93},[61,150386,5396],{"class":102},[61,150388,342],{"class":93},[20,150390,150391],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[52,150393,150395],{"className":54,"code":150394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150396,150397,150417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150398,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413,150415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150400,3865],{"class":67},[61,150402,72],{"class":71},[61,150404,572],{"class":93},[61,150406,3035],{"class":75},[61,150408,106],{"class":93},[61,150410,3040],{"class":75},[61,150412,106],{"class":93},[61,150414,1020],{"class":75},[61,150416,258],{"class":93},[61,150418,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150420,90],{"class":89},[61,150422,94],{"class":93},[61,150424,657],{"class":109},[61,150426,94],{"class":93},[61,150428,5396],{"class":102},[61,150430,342],{"class":93},[260,150432,150434],{"id":150433},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150436,150247],{},[52,150438,150440],{"className":54,"code":150439,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150441,150442,150462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150443,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150445,3661],{"class":67},[61,150447,72],{"class":71},[61,150449,572],{"class":93},[61,150451,3035],{"class":75},[61,150453,106],{"class":93},[61,150455,3040],{"class":75},[61,150457,106],{"class":93},[61,150459,1020],{"class":75},[61,150461,258],{"class":93},[61,150463,150464],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150465,150466],{"class":116},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150468,150469],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[260,150471,37232,150473,150476],{"id":150472},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150474,150475],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150478,64469],{},[52,150480,150481],{"className":54,"code":150099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,150482,150483,150501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150484,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150486,36117],{"class":67},[61,150488,72],{"class":71},[61,150490,149181],{"class":109},[61,150492,94],{"class":93},[61,150494,1010],{"class":310},[61,150496,41585],{"class":314},[61,150498,1010],{"class":310},[61,150500,258],{"class":93},[61,150502,150503,150505,150507,150509],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150504,90],{"class":89},[61,150506,94],{"class":93},[61,150508,36170],{"class":102},[61,150510,258],{"class":93},[20,150512,150513],{},"gives:",[52,150515,150516],{"className":54,"code":150134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,150517,150518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150519,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542,150544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150521,94],{"class":93},[61,150523,3348],{"class":310},[61,150525,221],{"class":314},[61,150527,3348],{"class":310},[61,150529,106],{"class":93},[61,150531,3343],{"class":310},[61,150533,1101],{"class":314},[61,150535,3348],{"class":310},[61,150537,106],{"class":93},[61,150539,3343],{"class":310},[61,150541,1110],{"class":314},[61,150543,3348],{"class":310},[61,150545,258],{"class":93},[20,150547,150548],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[52,150550,150552],{"className":54,"code":150551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150553,150554,150570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150555,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150557,6193],{"class":67},[61,150559,72],{"class":71},[61,150561,572],{"class":93},[61,150563,1010],{"class":310},[61,150565,41585],{"class":314},[61,150567,1010],{"class":310},[61,150569,149171],{"class":93},[61,150571,150572,150574,150576,150578],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150573,90],{"class":89},[61,150575,94],{"class":93},[61,150577,38419],{"class":102},[61,150579,258],{"class":93},[20,150581,345],{},[52,150583,150585],{"className":54,"code":150584,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('abc',)\n",[15,150586,150587],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150588,150589,150591,150593,150595,150597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150590,94],{"class":93},[61,150592,3348],{"class":310},[61,150594,41585],{"class":314},[61,150596,3348],{"class":310},[61,150598,149171],{"class":93},[260,150600,150602],{"id":150601},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150604,150605],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[52,150607,150609],{"className":54,"code":150608,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150610,150611,150628,150632,150642,150656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150612,150613,150616,150618,150620,150622,150624,150626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150614,150615],{"class":67},"my_tuple ",[61,150617,72],{"class":71},[61,150619,572],{"class":93},[61,150621,1010],{"class":310},[61,150623,4118],{"class":314},[61,150625,1010],{"class":310},[61,150627,149171],{"class":93},[61,150629,150630],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150631,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,150633,150634,150636,150638,150640],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,150635,90],{"class":89},[61,150637,94],{"class":93},[61,150639,147833],{"class":102},[61,150641,258],{"class":93},[61,150643,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652,150654],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,150645,90],{"class":89},[61,150647,94],{"class":93},[61,150649,657],{"class":109},[61,150651,94],{"class":93},[61,150653,147833],{"class":102},[61,150655,342],{"class":93},[61,150657,150658,150660,150662,150664,150666,150668],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,150659,90],{"class":89},[61,150661,94],{"class":93},[61,150663,11191],{"class":89},[61,150665,94],{"class":93},[61,150667,147833],{"class":102},[61,150669,342],{"class":93},[47,150671,1879],{"id":1878},[260,150673,150675],{"id":150674},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150677,150678,150679,150682],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150680,150681],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[260,150684,150686],{"id":150685},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150688,150689],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[260,150691,150693],{"id":150692},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150695,150696],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[260,150698,150700],{"id":150699},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150702,150703],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[260,150705,1883,150707,12742],{"id":150706},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150708,150475],{},[20,150710,1889,150711,150714],{},[15,150712,150713],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[47,150716,1938],{"id":1937},[164,150718,150719,150723,150727,150733,150738,150743,150747],{},[167,150720,150721],{},[221,150722,147815],{"href":147814},[167,150724,150725],{},[221,150726,149488],{"href":149487},[167,150728,150729],{},[221,150730,150732],{"href":150731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[167,150734,150735],{},[221,150736,150737],{"href":149053},"Python tuple length with len()",[167,150739,150740],{},[221,150741,150742],{"href":149118},"What is a tuple in Python?",[167,150744,150745],{},[221,150746,63043],{"href":63042},[167,150748,150749],{},[221,150750,150751],{"href":150256},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1969,150753,150754],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":150756},[150757,150758,150759,150760,150761,150762,150768,150774,150775,150783,150791],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":15189,"depth":79,"text":15190},{"id":149347,"depth":79,"text":149348},{"id":149491,"depth":79,"text":149492},{"id":149584,"depth":79,"text":149585},{"id":149777,"depth":79,"text":149778,"children":150763},[150764,150765,150766,150767],{"id":3691,"depth":86,"text":56285},{"id":5346,"depth":86,"text":56288},{"id":149869,"depth":86,"text":149870},{"id":149912,"depth":86,"text":149913},{"id":150019,"depth":79,"text":150769,"children":150770},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150771,150772,150773],{"id":105073,"depth":86,"text":105074},{"id":105259,"depth":86,"text":105260},{"id":150170,"depth":86,"text":150171},{"id":20827,"depth":79,"text":20828},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":150776},[150777,150778,150779,150780,150782],{"id":150265,"depth":86,"text":150266},{"id":150345,"depth":86,"text":150346},{"id":150433,"depth":86,"text":150434},{"id":150472,"depth":86,"text":150781},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150601,"depth":86,"text":150602},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":150784},[150785,150786,150787,150788,150789],{"id":150674,"depth":86,"text":150675},{"id":150685,"depth":86,"text":150686},{"id":150692,"depth":86,"text":150693},{"id":150699,"depth":86,"text":150700},{"id":150706,"depth":86,"text":150790},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149104,"description":150792},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150799,"title":150800,"body":150801,"description":152346,"extension":2017,"meta":152347,"navigation":82,"path":152348,"seo":152349,"stem":152350,"__hash__":152351},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150802,"toc":152316},[150803,150806,150811,150813,150826,150832,150834,150901,150903,150938,150943,150947,150951,150953,150964,150972,150974,150976,150997,150999,151019,151022,151024,151029,151072,151074,151096,151099,151112,151116,151120,151123,151176,151178,151199,151204,151208,151211,151256,151258,151291,151303,151307,151315,151352,151354,151383,151387,151390,151443,151445,151465,151472,151476,151481,151550,151552,151577,151581,151584,151590,151667,151669,151728,151730,151742,151747,151751,151755,151769,151771,151806,151808,151825,151828,151841,151845,151849,151860,151865,151880,151883,151886,151888,151891,151895,151897,151911,151913,151937,151942,151946,151949,151968,151971,152020,152025,152042,152045,152078,152082,152084,152135,152138,152163,152166,152189,152193,152199,152201,152236,152239,152244,152246,152250,152253,152257,152262,152266,152269,152273,152276,152280,152285,152287,152313],[10,150804,150800],{"id":150805},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150807,9156,150808,150810],{},[15,150809,38074],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150812,82415],{},[164,150814,150815,150820],{},[167,150816,150817,150819],{},[15,150818,38074],{}," creates an empty tuple",[167,150821,150822,150825],{},[15,150823,150824],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150827,150828,150829,150831],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150830,38074],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[47,150833,2059],{"id":2058},[52,150835,150837],{"className":54,"code":150836,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150838,150839,150859,150873,150877,150887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150840,150841,150843,150845,150847,150849,150851,150853,150855,150857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150842,3661],{"class":67},[61,150844,72],{"class":71},[61,150846,1088],{"class":93},[61,150848,3035],{"class":75},[61,150850,106],{"class":93},[61,150852,3040],{"class":75},[61,150854,106],{"class":93},[61,150856,1020],{"class":75},[61,150858,1115],{"class":93},[61,150860,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150862,1593],{"class":67},[61,150864,72],{"class":71},[61,150866,149181],{"class":109},[61,150868,94],{"class":93},[61,150870,3691],{"class":102},[61,150872,258],{"class":93},[61,150874,150875],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,150876,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,150878,150879,150881,150883,150885],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,150880,90],{"class":89},[61,150882,94],{"class":93},[61,150884,1620],{"class":102},[61,150886,258],{"class":93},[61,150888,150889,150891,150893,150895,150897,150899],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,150890,90],{"class":89},[61,150892,94],{"class":93},[61,150894,657],{"class":109},[61,150896,94],{"class":93},[61,150898,1620],{"class":102},[61,150900,342],{"class":93},[20,150902,345],{},[52,150904,150906],{"className":54,"code":150905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150907,150908,150924],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150909,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918,150920,150922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150911,94],{"class":93},[61,150913,3035],{"class":75},[61,150915,106],{"class":93},[61,150917,3040],{"class":75},[61,150919,106],{"class":93},[61,150921,1020],{"class":75},[61,150923,258],{"class":93},[61,150925,150926,150928,150930,150932,150934,150936],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150927,3337],{"class":71},[61,150929,3340],{"class":882},[61,150931,3343],{"class":310},[61,150933,195],{"class":314},[61,150935,3348],{"class":310},[61,150937,3351],{"class":71},[20,150939,143,150940,150942],{},[15,150941,150824],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[47,150944,150946],{"id":150945},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150948,150949,62751],{},[15,150950,38074],{},[20,150952,162],{},[164,150954,150955,150958,150961],{},[167,150956,150957],{},"creates a tuple object",[167,150959,150960],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[167,150962,150963],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150965,150966,150967,150969,150970,229],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[221,150968,149119],{"href":149118}," or the full guide to ",[221,150971,147815],{"href":147814},[47,150973,233],{"id":232},[20,150975,26513],{},[52,150977,150979],{"className":54,"code":150978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150980,150981,150987],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150982,150983,150985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150984,195],{"class":109},[61,150986,8676],{"class":93},[61,150988,150989,150991,150993,150995],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,150990,195],{"class":109},[61,150992,94],{"class":93},[61,150994,3761],{"class":102},[61,150996,258],{"class":93},[20,150998,11488],{},[164,151000,151001,151004],{},[167,151002,151003],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[167,151005,151006,151007],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[164,151008,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017],{},[167,151010,5337],{},[167,151012,5346],{},[167,151014,62822],{},[167,151016,5343],{},[167,151018,7285],{},[20,151020,151021],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[47,151023,149492],{"id":149491},[20,151025,29677,151026,151028],{},[15,151027,38074],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[52,151030,151032],{"className":54,"code":151031,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151033,151034,151044,151048,151058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151035,151036,151038,151040,151042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151037,124679],{"class":67},[61,151039,72],{"class":71},[61,151041,149181],{"class":109},[61,151043,8676],{"class":93},[61,151045,151046],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151047,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,151049,151050,151052,151054,151056],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,151051,90],{"class":89},[61,151053,94],{"class":93},[61,151055,124730],{"class":102},[61,151057,258],{"class":93},[61,151059,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,151061,90],{"class":89},[61,151063,94],{"class":93},[61,151065,657],{"class":109},[61,151067,94],{"class":93},[61,151069,124730],{"class":102},[61,151071,342],{"class":93},[20,151073,345],{},[52,151075,151076],{"className":54,"code":149537,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,151077,151078,151082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151079,151080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151081,8676],{"class":93},[61,151083,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151085,3337],{"class":71},[61,151087,3340],{"class":882},[61,151089,3343],{"class":310},[61,151091,195],{"class":314},[61,151093,3348],{"class":310},[61,151095,3351],{"class":71},[20,151097,151098],{},"This is equivalent to:",[52,151100,151102],{"className":54,"code":151101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = ()\n",[15,151103,151104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151105,151106,151108,151110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151107,124679],{"class":67},[61,151109,72],{"class":71},[61,151111,149157],{"class":93},[47,151113,151115],{"id":151114},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[260,151117,151119],{"id":151118},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151121,151122],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[52,151124,151126],{"className":54,"code":151125,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151127,151128,151148,151162,151166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151129,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151131,3661],{"class":67},[61,151133,72],{"class":71},[61,151135,1088],{"class":93},[61,151137,2379],{"class":75},[61,151139,106],{"class":93},[61,151141,7825],{"class":75},[61,151143,106],{"class":93},[61,151145,7830],{"class":75},[61,151147,1115],{"class":93},[61,151149,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151151,1593],{"class":67},[61,151153,72],{"class":71},[61,151155,149181],{"class":109},[61,151157,94],{"class":93},[61,151159,3691],{"class":102},[61,151161,258],{"class":93},[61,151163,151164],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,151165,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,151167,151168,151170,151172,151174],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,151169,90],{"class":89},[61,151171,94],{"class":93},[61,151173,1620],{"class":102},[61,151175,258],{"class":93},[20,151177,345],{},[52,151179,151181],{"className":54,"code":151180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151182,151183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151184,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151186,94],{"class":93},[61,151188,2379],{"class":75},[61,151190,106],{"class":93},[61,151192,7825],{"class":75},[61,151194,106],{"class":93},[61,151196,7830],{"class":75},[61,151198,258],{"class":93},[20,151200,151201,151202,229],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[221,151203,104879],{"href":59880},[260,151205,151207],{"id":151206},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151209,151210],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[52,151212,151214],{"className":54,"code":151213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151215,151216,151228,151242,151246],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151217,151218,151220,151222,151224,151226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151219,450],{"class":67},[61,151221,72],{"class":71},[61,151223,311],{"class":310},[61,151225,37075],{"class":314},[61,151227,318],{"class":310},[61,151229,151230,151232,151234,151236,151238,151240],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151231,1593],{"class":67},[61,151233,72],{"class":71},[61,151235,149181],{"class":109},[61,151237,94],{"class":93},[61,151239,476],{"class":102},[61,151241,258],{"class":93},[61,151243,151244],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,151245,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,151247,151248,151250,151252,151254],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,151249,90],{"class":89},[61,151251,94],{"class":93},[61,151253,1620],{"class":102},[61,151255,258],{"class":93},[20,151257,345],{},[52,151259,151261],{"className":54,"code":151260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151262,151263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151264,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151266,94],{"class":93},[61,151268,3348],{"class":310},[61,151270,1110],{"class":314},[61,151272,3348],{"class":310},[61,151274,106],{"class":93},[61,151276,3343],{"class":310},[61,151278,221],{"class":314},[61,151280,3348],{"class":310},[61,151282,106],{"class":93},[61,151284,3343],{"class":310},[61,151286,63112],{"class":314},[61,151288,3348],{"class":310},[61,151290,258],{"class":93},[20,151292,151293,151294,14080,151297,151299,151300,229],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151295,151296],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3784,151298,4670],{}," create ",[15,151301,151302],{},"('cat',)",[260,151304,151306],{"id":151305},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151308,151309,151311,151312,151314],{},[15,151310,36225],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151313,38074],{}," collects them all.",[52,151316,151318],{"className":54,"code":151317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151319,151320,151338,151342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151321,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151323,1593],{"class":67},[61,151325,72],{"class":71},[61,151327,149181],{"class":109},[61,151329,94],{"class":93},[61,151331,59823],{"class":89},[61,151333,94],{"class":93},[61,151335,2192],{"class":75},[61,151337,342],{"class":93},[61,151339,151340],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151341,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,151343,151344,151346,151348,151350],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,151345,90],{"class":89},[61,151347,94],{"class":93},[61,151349,1620],{"class":102},[61,151351,258],{"class":93},[20,151353,345],{},[52,151355,151357],{"className":54,"code":151356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151358,151359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151360,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151362,94],{"class":93},[61,151364,2175],{"class":75},[61,151366,106],{"class":93},[61,151368,5535],{"class":75},[61,151370,106],{"class":93},[61,151372,3040],{"class":75},[61,151374,106],{"class":93},[61,151376,1020],{"class":75},[61,151378,106],{"class":93},[61,151380,2505],{"class":75},[61,151382,258],{"class":93},[260,151384,151386],{"id":151385},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151388,151389],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[52,151391,151393],{"className":54,"code":151392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151394,151395,151415,151429,151433],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151398,3865],{"class":67},[61,151400,72],{"class":71},[61,151402,1305],{"class":93},[61,151404,3035],{"class":75},[61,151406,106],{"class":93},[61,151408,3040],{"class":75},[61,151410,106],{"class":93},[61,151412,1020],{"class":75},[61,151414,1324],{"class":93},[61,151416,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151418,1593],{"class":67},[61,151420,72],{"class":71},[61,151422,149181],{"class":109},[61,151424,94],{"class":93},[61,151426,5396],{"class":102},[61,151428,258],{"class":93},[61,151430,151431],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,151432,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,151434,151435,151437,151439,151441],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,151436,90],{"class":89},[61,151438,94],{"class":93},[61,151440,1620],{"class":102},[61,151442,258],{"class":93},[20,151444,345],{},[52,151446,151447],{"className":54,"code":149394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,151448,151449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151450,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151452,94],{"class":93},[61,151454,3035],{"class":75},[61,151456,106],{"class":93},[61,151458,3040],{"class":75},[61,151460,106],{"class":93},[61,151462,1020],{"class":75},[61,151464,258],{"class":93},[20,151466,151467,151468,229],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[221,151469,151471],{"href":151470},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[260,151473,151475],{"id":151474},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151477,63365,151478,151480],{},[15,151479,38074],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[52,151482,151484],{"className":54,"code":151483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151485,151486,151522,151536,151540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151487,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151489,13231],{"class":67},[61,151491,72],{"class":71},[61,151493,1305],{"class":93},[61,151495,1010],{"class":310},[61,151497,335],{"class":314},[61,151499,1010],{"class":310},[61,151501,1314],{"class":93},[61,151503,311],{"class":310},[61,151505,1319],{"class":314},[61,151507,1010],{"class":310},[61,151509,106],{"class":93},[61,151511,311],{"class":310},[61,151513,9331],{"class":314},[61,151515,1010],{"class":310},[61,151517,1314],{"class":93},[61,151519,9338],{"class":75},[61,151521,1324],{"class":93},[61,151523,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151525,1593],{"class":67},[61,151527,72],{"class":71},[61,151529,149181],{"class":109},[61,151531,94],{"class":93},[61,151533,17333],{"class":102},[61,151535,258],{"class":93},[61,151537,151538],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,151539,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,151541,151542,151544,151546,151548],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,151543,90],{"class":89},[61,151545,94],{"class":93},[61,151547,1620],{"class":102},[61,151549,258],{"class":93},[20,151551,30057],{},[52,151553,151555],{"className":54,"code":151554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151556,151557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151558,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151560,94],{"class":93},[61,151562,3348],{"class":310},[61,151564,335],{"class":314},[61,151566,3348],{"class":310},[61,151568,106],{"class":93},[61,151570,3343],{"class":310},[61,151572,9331],{"class":314},[61,151574,3348],{"class":310},[61,151576,258],{"class":93},[47,151578,151580],{"id":151579},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151582,151583],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151585,151586,151589],{},[15,151587,151588],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[52,151591,151593],{"className":54,"code":151592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151594,151595,151631,151635,151649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151596,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151598,13231],{"class":67},[61,151600,72],{"class":71},[61,151602,1305],{"class":93},[61,151604,1010],{"class":310},[61,151606,335],{"class":314},[61,151608,1010],{"class":310},[61,151610,1314],{"class":93},[61,151612,311],{"class":310},[61,151614,1319],{"class":314},[61,151616,1010],{"class":310},[61,151618,106],{"class":93},[61,151620,311],{"class":310},[61,151622,9331],{"class":314},[61,151624,1010],{"class":310},[61,151626,1314],{"class":93},[61,151628,9338],{"class":75},[61,151630,1324],{"class":93},[61,151632,151633],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151634,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,151636,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645,151647],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,151638,90],{"class":89},[61,151640,94],{"class":93},[61,151642,195],{"class":109},[61,151644,94],{"class":93},[61,151646,17333],{"class":102},[61,151648,342],{"class":93},[61,151650,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,151652,90],{"class":89},[61,151654,94],{"class":93},[61,151656,195],{"class":109},[61,151658,94],{"class":93},[61,151660,17333],{"class":102},[61,151662,229],{"class":93},[61,151664,7845],{"class":102},[61,151666,6329],{"class":93},[20,151668,345],{},[52,151670,151672],{"className":54,"code":151671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151673,151674,151694],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151675,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151677,94],{"class":93},[61,151679,3348],{"class":310},[61,151681,335],{"class":314},[61,151683,3348],{"class":310},[61,151685,106],{"class":93},[61,151687,3343],{"class":310},[61,151689,9331],{"class":314},[61,151691,3348],{"class":310},[61,151693,258],{"class":93},[61,151695,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151697,5548],{"class":93},[61,151699,3348],{"class":310},[61,151701,335],{"class":314},[61,151703,3348],{"class":310},[61,151705,106],{"class":93},[61,151707,3343],{"class":310},[61,151709,1319],{"class":314},[61,151711,3348],{"class":310},[61,151713,9266],{"class":93},[61,151715,572],{"class":93},[61,151717,3348],{"class":310},[61,151719,9331],{"class":314},[61,151721,3348],{"class":310},[61,151723,106],{"class":93},[61,151725,9338],{"class":75},[61,151727,342],{"class":93},[20,151729,18722],{},[164,151731,151732,151737],{},[167,151733,151734,151736],{},[15,151735,151588],{}," for keys",[167,151738,151739,32586],{},[15,151740,151741],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151743,151744,151745,229],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[221,151746,63375],{"href":63374},[47,151748,151750],{"id":151749},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151752,151753,18346],{},[15,151754,38074],{},[164,151756,151757,151760,151763,151766],{},[167,151758,151759],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[167,151761,151762],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[167,151764,151765],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[167,151767,151768],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151770,295],{},[52,151772,151774],{"className":54,"code":151773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151775,151776,151795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151777,151778,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151779,151780],{"class":67},"coordinates ",[61,151782,72],{"class":71},[61,151784,149181],{"class":109},[61,151786,3032],{"class":93},[61,151788,2552],{"class":75},[61,151790,106],{"class":93},[61,151792,6032],{"class":75},[61,151794,1365],{"class":93},[61,151796,151797,151799,151801,151804],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,151798,90],{"class":89},[61,151800,94],{"class":93},[61,151802,151803],{"class":102},"coordinates",[61,151805,258],{"class":93},[20,151807,345],{},[52,151809,151811],{"className":54,"code":151810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151812,151813],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151814,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151816,94],{"class":93},[61,151818,2552],{"class":75},[61,151820,106],{"class":93},[61,151822,6032],{"class":75},[61,151824,258],{"class":93},[20,151826,151827],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[164,151829,151830,151832,151835,151838],{},[167,151831,151803],{},[167,151833,151834],{},"RGB colors",[167,151836,151837],{},"dates",[167,151839,151840],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[47,151842,151844],{"id":151843},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151846,44449,151847,10630],{},[15,151848,38074],{},[164,151850,151851,151854,151857],{},[167,151852,151853],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[167,151855,151856],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[167,151858,151859],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151861,116306,151862,151864],{},[3784,151863,4670],{}," work:",[52,151866,151868],{"className":54,"code":151867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151869,151870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151871,151872,151874,151876,151878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151873,195],{"class":109},[61,151875,94],{"class":93},[61,151877,2192],{"class":75},[61,151879,258],{"class":93},[20,151881,151882],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151884,151885],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[47,151887,115144],{"id":115143},[20,151889,151890],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[260,151892,151894],{"id":151893},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151896,2885],{},[52,151898,151899],{"className":54,"code":151867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,151900,151901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151902,151903,151905,151907,151909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151904,195],{"class":109},[61,151906,94],{"class":93},[61,151908,2192],{"class":75},[61,151910,258],{"class":93},[20,151912,29708],{},[52,151914,151915],{"className":54,"code":63479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,151916,151917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151918,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151920,1382],{"class":109},[61,151922,1314],{"class":93},[61,151924,3343],{"class":310},[61,151926,189],{"class":314},[61,151928,3348],{"class":310},[61,151930,24645],{"class":109},[61,151932,8130],{"class":71},[61,151934,908],{"class":71},[61,151936,63502],{"class":67},[20,151938,151939,151940,229],{},"If you see this, read ",[221,151941,62116],{"href":52422},[260,151943,151945],{"id":151944},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151947,151948],{},"This code:",[52,151950,151952],{"className":54,"code":151951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151953,151954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151955,151956,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151957,195],{"class":109},[61,151959,94],{"class":93},[61,151961,1010],{"class":310},[61,151963,457],{"class":314},[61,151965,1010],{"class":310},[61,151967,258],{"class":93},[20,151969,151970],{},"returns:",[52,151972,151974],{"className":54,"code":151973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151975,151976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151977,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012,152014,152016,152018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151979,94],{"class":93},[61,151981,3348],{"class":310},[61,151983,60263],{"class":314},[61,151985,3348],{"class":310},[61,151987,106],{"class":93},[61,151989,3343],{"class":310},[61,151991,60272],{"class":314},[61,151993,3348],{"class":310},[61,151995,106],{"class":93},[61,151997,3343],{"class":310},[61,151999,60281],{"class":314},[61,152001,3348],{"class":310},[61,152003,106],{"class":93},[61,152005,3343],{"class":310},[61,152007,60281],{"class":314},[61,152009,3348],{"class":310},[61,152011,106],{"class":93},[61,152013,3343],{"class":310},[61,152015,60298],{"class":314},[61,152017,3348],{"class":310},[61,152019,258],{"class":93},[20,152021,40931,152022,152024],{},[3784,152023,4670],{}," return:",[52,152026,152028],{"className":54,"code":152027,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('hello',)\n",[15,152029,152030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152031,152032,152034,152036,152038,152040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152033,94],{"class":93},[61,152035,3348],{"class":310},[61,152037,457],{"class":314},[61,152039,3348],{"class":310},[61,152041,149171],{"class":93},[20,152043,152044],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[52,152046,152048],{"className":54,"code":152047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152049,152050,152067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152051,152052,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152053,152054],{"class":67},"single ",[61,152056,72],{"class":71},[61,152058,572],{"class":93},[61,152060,1010],{"class":310},[61,152062,457],{"class":314},[61,152064,1010],{"class":310},[61,152066,149171],{"class":93},[61,152068,152069,152071,152073,152076],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,152070,90],{"class":89},[61,152072,94],{"class":93},[61,152074,152075],{"class":102},"single",[61,152077,258],{"class":93},[260,152079,152081],{"id":152080},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152083,151948],{},[52,152085,152087],{"className":54,"code":152086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152088,152089,152121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152090,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152092,9199],{"class":67},[61,152094,72],{"class":71},[61,152096,1305],{"class":93},[61,152098,1010],{"class":310},[61,152100,221],{"class":314},[61,152102,1010],{"class":310},[61,152104,1314],{"class":93},[61,152106,5535],{"class":75},[61,152108,106],{"class":93},[61,152110,311],{"class":310},[61,152112,1101],{"class":314},[61,152114,1010],{"class":310},[61,152116,1314],{"class":93},[61,152118,3040],{"class":75},[61,152120,1324],{"class":93},[61,152122,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,152124,90],{"class":89},[61,152126,94],{"class":93},[61,152128,195],{"class":109},[61,152130,94],{"class":93},[61,152132,9237],{"class":102},[61,152134,342],{"class":93},[20,152136,152137],{},"returns only the keys:",[52,152139,152141],{"className":54,"code":152140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152142,152143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152144,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152146,94],{"class":93},[61,152148,3348],{"class":310},[61,152150,221],{"class":314},[61,152152,3348],{"class":310},[61,152154,106],{"class":93},[61,152156,3343],{"class":310},[61,152158,1101],{"class":314},[61,152160,3348],{"class":310},[61,152162,258],{"class":93},[20,152164,152165],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[52,152167,152169],{"className":54,"code":152168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152170,152171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152172,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152174,90],{"class":89},[61,152176,94],{"class":93},[61,152178,195],{"class":109},[61,152180,94],{"class":93},[61,152182,9237],{"class":102},[61,152184,229],{"class":93},[61,152186,7845],{"class":102},[61,152188,6329],{"class":93},[260,152190,152192],{"id":152191},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152194,152195,152196,152198],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152197,38074],{}," conversion.",[20,152200,5509],{},[52,152202,152204],{"className":54,"code":152203,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152205,152206,152226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152207,152208,152210,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152209,68],{"class":67},[61,152211,72],{"class":71},[61,152213,572],{"class":93},[61,152215,3035],{"class":75},[61,152217,106],{"class":93},[61,152219,3040],{"class":75},[61,152221,106],{"class":93},[61,152223,1020],{"class":75},[61,152225,258],{"class":93},[61,152227,152228,152230,152232,152234],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,152229,90],{"class":89},[61,152231,94],{"class":93},[61,152233,103],{"class":102},[61,152235,258],{"class":93},[20,152237,152238],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152240,25534,152241,152243],{},[15,152242,38074],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[47,152245,1879],{"id":1878},[260,152247,152249],{"id":152248},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152251,152252],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[260,152254,152256],{"id":152255},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152258,152259,152260,229],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152261,7400],{},[260,152263,152265],{"id":152264},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152267,152268],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[260,152270,152272],{"id":152271},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152274,152275],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[260,152277,152279],{"id":152278},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152281,152282,152283,229],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152284,1382],{},[47,152286,1938],{"id":1937},[164,152288,152289,152293,152297,152301,152305,152309],{},[167,152290,152291],{},[221,152292,147815],{"href":147814},[167,152294,152295],{},[221,152296,150742],{"href":149118},[167,152298,152299],{},[221,152300,104879],{"href":59880},[167,152302,152303],{},[221,152304,151471],{"href":151470},[167,152306,152307],{},[221,152308,63375],{"href":63374},[167,152310,152311],{},[221,152312,62116],{"href":52422},[1969,152314,152315],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":152317},[152318,152319,152320,152321,152322,152329,152330,152331,152332,152338,152345],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":150945,"depth":79,"text":150946},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":149491,"depth":79,"text":149492},{"id":151114,"depth":79,"text":151115,"children":152323},[152324,152325,152326,152327,152328],{"id":151118,"depth":86,"text":151119},{"id":151206,"depth":86,"text":151207},{"id":151305,"depth":86,"text":151306},{"id":151385,"depth":86,"text":151386},{"id":151474,"depth":86,"text":151475},{"id":151579,"depth":79,"text":151580},{"id":151749,"depth":79,"text":151750},{"id":151843,"depth":79,"text":151844},{"id":115143,"depth":79,"text":115144,"children":152333},[152334,152335,152336,152337],{"id":151893,"depth":86,"text":151894},{"id":151944,"depth":86,"text":151945},{"id":152080,"depth":86,"text":152081},{"id":152191,"depth":86,"text":152192},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":152339},[152340,152341,152342,152343,152344],{"id":152248,"depth":86,"text":152249},{"id":152255,"depth":86,"text":152256},{"id":152264,"depth":86,"text":152265},{"id":152271,"depth":86,"text":152272},{"id":152278,"depth":86,"text":152279},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150800,"description":152346},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152353,"title":152354,"body":152355,"description":153768,"extension":2017,"meta":153769,"navigation":82,"path":153770,"seo":153771,"stem":153772,"__hash__":153773},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152356,"toc":153740},[152357,152362,152367,152370,152372,152451,152457,152462,152466,152481,152483,152530,152532,152540,152548,152554,152556,152561,152581,152584,152611,152613,152637,152639,152781,152783,152787,152795,152798,152800,152877,152879,152887,152891,152895,152905,152915,152917,152922,152924,152983,152988,152990,153090,153092,153106,153111,153117,153124,153127,153129,153239,153243,153260,153262,153325,153327,153335,153347,153351,153356,153384,153387,153469,153471,153482,153484,153488,153515,153517,153519,153599,153607,153609,153664,153666,153671,153674,153678,153682,153684,153688,153692,153700,153707,153710,153712,153737],[10,152358,147699,152360,11352],{"id":152359},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152361,58792],{},[20,152363,152364,152366],{},[15,152365,149020],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152368,152369],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[47,152371,2059],{"id":2058},[52,152373,152375],{"className":54,"code":152374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152376,152377,152417,152439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152378,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152380,13102],{"class":67},[61,152382,72],{"class":71},[61,152384,572],{"class":93},[61,152386,1010],{"class":310},[61,152388,13119],{"class":314},[61,152390,1010],{"class":310},[61,152392,106],{"class":93},[61,152394,311],{"class":310},[61,152396,13136],{"class":314},[61,152398,1010],{"class":310},[61,152400,106],{"class":93},[61,152402,311],{"class":310},[61,152404,17482],{"class":314},[61,152406,1010],{"class":310},[61,152408,106],{"class":93},[61,152410,311],{"class":310},[61,152412,13136],{"class":314},[61,152414,1010],{"class":310},[61,152416,258],{"class":93},[61,152418,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,152420,64745],{"class":67},[61,152422,72],{"class":71},[61,152424,13150],{"class":67},[61,152426,229],{"class":93},[61,152428,35872],{"class":102},[61,152430,94],{"class":93},[61,152432,1010],{"class":310},[61,152434,13136],{"class":314},[61,152436,1010],{"class":310},[61,152438,258],{"class":93},[61,152440,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,152442,90],{"class":89},[61,152444,94],{"class":93},[61,152446,64772],{"class":102},[61,152448,664],{"class":93},[61,152450,27806],{"class":116},[20,152452,152453,152456],{},[15,152454,152455],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[47,152458,151,152460,154],{"id":152459},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152461,149020],{},[20,152463,2034,152464,11443],{},[15,152465,58792],{},[164,152467,152468,152471,152473,152476],{},[167,152469,152470],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[167,152472,128297],{},[167,152474,152475],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[167,152477,152478,152479],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152480,2175],{},[20,152482,295],{},[52,152484,152486],{"className":54,"code":152485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152487,152488,152512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152489,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152491,3661],{"class":67},[61,152493,72],{"class":71},[61,152495,572],{"class":93},[61,152497,2379],{"class":75},[61,152499,106],{"class":93},[61,152501,7825],{"class":75},[61,152503,106],{"class":93},[61,152505,7830],{"class":75},[61,152507,106],{"class":93},[61,152509,7825],{"class":75},[61,152511,258],{"class":93},[61,152513,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,152515,90],{"class":89},[61,152517,94],{"class":93},[61,152519,3691],{"class":102},[61,152521,229],{"class":93},[61,152523,35872],{"class":102},[61,152525,94],{"class":93},[61,152527,15782],{"class":75},[61,152529,342],{"class":93},[20,152531,345],{},[52,152533,152534],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,152535,152536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152537,152538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152539,46930],{"class":75},[20,152541,21005,152542,152544,152545,152547],{},[15,152543,15782],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152546,58792],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152549,150966,152550,229],{},[221,152551,152553],{"href":152552},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[47,152555,233],{"id":232},[20,152557,7797,152558,152560],{},[15,152559,58792],{}," in two ways:",[52,152562,152564],{"className":54,"code":152563,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152565,152566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152567,152568,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152569,152570],{"class":67},"tuple_name",[61,152572,229],{"class":93},[61,152574,35872],{"class":102},[61,152576,94],{"class":93},[61,152578,103],{"class":102},[61,152580,258],{"class":93},[20,152582,152583],{},"or:",[52,152585,152587],{"className":54,"code":152586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152588,152589],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152590,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152592,152570],{"class":67},[61,152594,229],{"class":93},[61,152596,35872],{"class":102},[61,152598,94],{"class":93},[61,152600,103],{"class":102},[61,152602,106],{"class":93},[61,152604,36078],{"class":102},[61,152606,106],{"class":93},[61,152608,64866],{"class":102},[61,152610,258],{"class":93},[260,152612,17421],{"id":17420},[164,152614,152615,152620,152625,152630],{},[167,152616,152617,152619],{},[15,152618,103],{}," — the item to search for",[167,152621,152622,152624],{},[15,152623,36099],{}," — optional starting position",[167,152626,152627,152629],{},[15,152628,52483],{}," — optional ending position",[167,152631,152632,4823,152634,152636],{},[15,152633,52483],{},[3784,152635,64895],{}," in the search",[20,152638,295],{},[52,152640,152642],{"className":54,"code":152641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152643,152644,152692,152696,152721,152749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152645,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152647,36117],{"class":67},[61,152649,72],{"class":71},[61,152651,572],{"class":93},[61,152653,1010],{"class":310},[61,152655,221],{"class":314},[61,152657,1010],{"class":310},[61,152659,106],{"class":93},[61,152661,311],{"class":310},[61,152663,1101],{"class":314},[61,152665,1010],{"class":310},[61,152667,106],{"class":93},[61,152669,311],{"class":310},[61,152671,1110],{"class":314},[61,152673,1010],{"class":310},[61,152675,106],{"class":93},[61,152677,311],{"class":310},[61,152679,1101],{"class":314},[61,152681,1010],{"class":310},[61,152683,106],{"class":93},[61,152685,311],{"class":310},[61,152687,18795],{"class":314},[61,152689,1010],{"class":310},[61,152691,258],{"class":93},[61,152693,152694],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,152695,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,152697,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,152699,90],{"class":89},[61,152701,94],{"class":93},[61,152703,36170],{"class":102},[61,152705,229],{"class":93},[61,152707,35872],{"class":102},[61,152709,94],{"class":93},[61,152711,1010],{"class":310},[61,152713,1101],{"class":314},[61,152715,1010],{"class":310},[61,152717,113],{"class":93},[61,152719,152720],{"class":116},"        # 1\n",[61,152722,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,152724,90],{"class":89},[61,152726,94],{"class":93},[61,152728,36170],{"class":102},[61,152730,229],{"class":93},[61,152732,35872],{"class":102},[61,152734,94],{"class":93},[61,152736,1010],{"class":310},[61,152738,1101],{"class":314},[61,152740,1010],{"class":310},[61,152742,106],{"class":93},[61,152744,3040],{"class":75},[61,152746,113],{"class":93},[61,152748,50740],{"class":116},[61,152750,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,152752,90],{"class":89},[61,152754,94],{"class":93},[61,152756,36170],{"class":102},[61,152758,229],{"class":93},[61,152760,35872],{"class":102},[61,152762,94],{"class":93},[61,152764,1010],{"class":310},[61,152766,1101],{"class":314},[61,152768,1010],{"class":310},[61,152770,106],{"class":93},[61,152772,5535],{"class":75},[61,152774,106],{"class":93},[61,152776,1020],{"class":75},[61,152778,113],{"class":93},[61,152780,27806],{"class":116},[47,152782,103206],{"id":103205},[20,152784,152785,25537],{},[15,152786,149020],{},[164,152788,152789,152792],{},[167,152790,152791],{},"An integer",[167,152793,152794],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152796,152797],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152799,295],{},[52,152801,152803],{"className":54,"code":152802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152804,152805,152845,152867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152806,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152808,108305],{"class":67},[61,152810,72],{"class":71},[61,152812,572],{"class":93},[61,152814,1010],{"class":310},[61,152816,37075],{"class":314},[61,152818,1010],{"class":310},[61,152820,106],{"class":93},[61,152822,311],{"class":310},[61,152824,57951],{"class":314},[61,152826,1010],{"class":310},[61,152828,106],{"class":93},[61,152830,311],{"class":310},[61,152832,57968],{"class":314},[61,152834,1010],{"class":310},[61,152836,106],{"class":93},[61,152838,311],{"class":310},[61,152840,57951],{"class":314},[61,152842,1010],{"class":310},[61,152844,258],{"class":93},[61,152846,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,152848,1593],{"class":67},[61,152850,72],{"class":71},[61,152852,108348],{"class":67},[61,152854,229],{"class":93},[61,152856,35872],{"class":102},[61,152858,94],{"class":93},[61,152860,1010],{"class":310},[61,152862,57951],{"class":314},[61,152864,1010],{"class":310},[61,152866,258],{"class":93},[61,152868,152869,152871,152873,152875],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,152870,90],{"class":89},[61,152872,94],{"class":93},[61,152874,1620],{"class":102},[61,152876,258],{"class":93},[20,152878,345],{},[52,152880,152881],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,152882,152883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152884,152885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152886,46930],{"class":75},[47,152888,152890],{"id":152889},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152892,143,152893,10630],{},[15,152894,149020],{},[164,152896,152897,152899,152902],{},[167,152898,65924],{},[167,152900,152901],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[167,152903,152904],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152906,152907,152908,152911,152912,229],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152909,152910],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[221,152913,149488],{"href":152914},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[47,152916,65456],{"id":65455},[20,152918,152919,152920,229],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152921,40730],{},[20,152923,295],{},[52,152925,152927],{"className":54,"code":152926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152928,152929,152961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152930,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152932,13102],{"class":67},[61,152934,72],{"class":71},[61,152936,572],{"class":93},[61,152938,1010],{"class":310},[61,152940,13119],{"class":314},[61,152942,1010],{"class":310},[61,152944,106],{"class":93},[61,152946,311],{"class":310},[61,152948,13136],{"class":314},[61,152950,1010],{"class":310},[61,152952,106],{"class":93},[61,152954,311],{"class":310},[61,152956,17482],{"class":314},[61,152958,1010],{"class":310},[61,152960,258],{"class":93},[61,152962,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,152964,90],{"class":89},[61,152966,94],{"class":93},[61,152968,17529],{"class":102},[61,152970,229],{"class":93},[61,152972,35872],{"class":102},[61,152974,94],{"class":93},[61,152976,1010],{"class":310},[61,152978,22552],{"class":314},[61,152980,1010],{"class":310},[61,152982,342],{"class":93},[20,152984,39682,152985,152987],{},[15,152986,109630],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152989,65531],{},[52,152991,152993],{"className":54,"code":152992,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152994,152995,153027,153031,153047,153069,153075],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152996,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152998,13102],{"class":67},[61,153000,72],{"class":71},[61,153002,572],{"class":93},[61,153004,1010],{"class":310},[61,153006,13119],{"class":314},[61,153008,1010],{"class":310},[61,153010,106],{"class":93},[61,153012,311],{"class":310},[61,153014,13136],{"class":314},[61,153016,1010],{"class":310},[61,153018,106],{"class":93},[61,153020,311],{"class":310},[61,153022,17482],{"class":314},[61,153024,1010],{"class":310},[61,153026,258],{"class":93},[61,153028,153029],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,153030,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,153032,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,153034,1124],{"class":672},[61,153036,311],{"class":310},[61,153038,22552],{"class":314},[61,153040,1010],{"class":310},[61,153042,21201],{"class":71},[61,153044,13150],{"class":67},[61,153046,6433],{"class":93},[61,153048,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,153050,1141],{"class":89},[61,153052,94],{"class":93},[61,153054,17529],{"class":102},[61,153056,229],{"class":93},[61,153058,35872],{"class":102},[61,153060,94],{"class":93},[61,153062,1010],{"class":310},[61,153064,22552],{"class":314},[61,153066,1010],{"class":310},[61,153068,342],{"class":93},[61,153070,153071,153073],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,153072,27460],{"class":672},[61,153074,6433],{"class":93},[61,153076,153077,153079,153081,153083,153086,153088],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,153078,1141],{"class":89},[61,153080,94],{"class":93},[61,153082,1010],{"class":310},[61,153084,153085],{"class":314},"Value not found",[61,153087,1010],{"class":310},[61,153089,258],{"class":93},[20,153091,345],{},[52,153093,153095],{"className":54,"code":153094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Value not found\n",[15,153096,153097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153098,153099,153102,153104],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153100,153101],{"class":67},"Value ",[61,153103,4670],{"class":71},[61,153105,65655],{"class":67},[20,153107,153108,153109,229],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[221,153110,65665],{"href":65664},[47,153112,8449,153113,749,153115],{"id":65232},[15,153114,36099],{},[15,153116,52483],{},[20,153118,2034,153119,749,153121,153123],{},[15,153120,36099],{},[15,153122,52483],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153125,153126],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153128,295],{},[52,153130,153132],{"className":54,"code":153131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153133,153134,153162,153166,153187,153211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153135,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153137,3865],{"class":67},[61,153139,72],{"class":71},[61,153141,572],{"class":93},[61,153143,2192],{"class":75},[61,153145,106],{"class":93},[61,153147,6043],{"class":75},[61,153149,106],{"class":93},[61,153151,4644],{"class":75},[61,153153,106],{"class":93},[61,153155,7825],{"class":75},[61,153157,106],{"class":93},[61,153159,4644],{"class":75},[61,153161,258],{"class":93},[61,153163,153164],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,153165,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,153167,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,153169,90],{"class":89},[61,153171,94],{"class":93},[61,153173,5396],{"class":102},[61,153175,229],{"class":93},[61,153177,35872],{"class":102},[61,153179,94],{"class":93},[61,153181,2192],{"class":75},[61,153183,113],{"class":93},[61,153185,153186],{"class":116},"        # 0\n",[61,153188,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,153190,90],{"class":89},[61,153192,94],{"class":93},[61,153194,5396],{"class":102},[61,153196,229],{"class":93},[61,153198,35872],{"class":102},[61,153200,94],{"class":93},[61,153202,2192],{"class":75},[61,153204,106],{"class":93},[61,153206,5535],{"class":75},[61,153208,113],{"class":93},[61,153210,50774],{"class":116},[61,153212,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,153214,90],{"class":89},[61,153216,94],{"class":93},[61,153218,5396],{"class":102},[61,153220,229],{"class":93},[61,153222,35872],{"class":102},[61,153224,94],{"class":93},[61,153226,2192],{"class":75},[61,153228,106],{"class":93},[61,153230,1020],{"class":75},[61,153232,106],{"class":93},[61,153234,4644],{"class":75},[61,153236,113],{"class":93},[61,153238,50757],{"class":116},[260,153240,153242],{"id":153241},"how-it-works","How it works",[164,153244,153245,153250,153255],{},[167,153246,153247,153249],{},[15,153248,36099],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[167,153251,153252,153254],{},[15,153253,52483],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[167,153256,2034,153257,153259],{},[15,153258,52483],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153261,295],{},[52,153263,153265],{"className":54,"code":153264,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153266,153267,153295,153299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153268,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153270,3865],{"class":67},[61,153272,72],{"class":71},[61,153274,572],{"class":93},[61,153276,2192],{"class":75},[61,153278,106],{"class":93},[61,153280,6043],{"class":75},[61,153282,106],{"class":93},[61,153284,4644],{"class":75},[61,153286,106],{"class":93},[61,153288,7825],{"class":75},[61,153290,106],{"class":93},[61,153292,4644],{"class":75},[61,153294,258],{"class":93},[61,153296,153297],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,153298,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,153300,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,153302,90],{"class":89},[61,153304,94],{"class":93},[61,153306,5396],{"class":102},[61,153308,229],{"class":93},[61,153310,35872],{"class":102},[61,153312,94],{"class":93},[61,153314,2192],{"class":75},[61,153316,106],{"class":93},[61,153318,5535],{"class":75},[61,153320,106],{"class":93},[61,153322,2505],{"class":75},[61,153324,342],{"class":93},[20,153326,345],{},[52,153328,153329],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,153330,153331],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153332,153333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153334,17083],{"class":75},[20,153336,153337,153338,186,153340,196,153342,153344,153345,229],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153339,3035],{},[15,153341,2113],{},[15,153343,1046],{},", but not ",[15,153346,2552],{},[47,153348,153350],{"id":153349},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153352,153353,153354,1314],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153355,149020],{},[164,153357,153358,153366,153371,153378],{},[167,153359,153360,153361,153363,153364],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3784,153362,103],{}," with the ",[3784,153365,35872],{},[167,153367,153368,153369],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153370,2175],{},[167,153372,143,153373,153377],{},[221,153374,149046,153375,10770],{"href":149098},[15,153376,57114],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[167,153379,153380,153381,153383],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153382,152910],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153385,153386],{},"Example of value vs index:",[52,153388,153390],{"className":54,"code":153389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153391,153392,153424,153428,153452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153393,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153395,36266],{"class":67},[61,153397,72],{"class":71},[61,153399,572],{"class":93},[61,153401,1010],{"class":310},[61,153403,4118],{"class":314},[61,153405,1010],{"class":310},[61,153407,106],{"class":93},[61,153409,311],{"class":310},[61,153411,4127],{"class":314},[61,153413,1010],{"class":310},[61,153415,106],{"class":93},[61,153417,311],{"class":310},[61,153419,33250],{"class":314},[61,153421,1010],{"class":310},[61,153423,258],{"class":93},[61,153425,153426],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,153427,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,153429,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,153431,90],{"class":89},[61,153433,94],{"class":93},[61,153435,36318],{"class":102},[61,153437,229],{"class":93},[61,153439,35872],{"class":102},[61,153441,94],{"class":93},[61,153443,1010],{"class":310},[61,153445,4127],{"class":314},[61,153447,1010],{"class":310},[61,153449,113],{"class":93},[61,153451,27806],{"class":116},[61,153453,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,153455,90],{"class":89},[61,153457,94],{"class":93},[61,153459,36318],{"class":102},[61,153461,1356],{"class":93},[61,153463,3035],{"class":75},[61,153465,20473],{"class":93},[61,153467,153468],{"class":116},"               # banana\n",[20,153470,2233],{},[164,153472,153473,153477],{},[167,153474,153475,15274],{},[15,153476,65100],{},[167,153478,153479,153481],{},[15,153480,3035],{}," is the index",[47,153483,2878],{"id":2877},[20,153485,105944,153486,1314],{},[15,153487,149020],{},[164,153489,153490,153493,153498,153503,153510],{},[167,153491,153492],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[167,153494,8485,153495,153497],{},[15,153496,58792],{}," to return all matching positions",[167,153499,153500,153501],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153502,2175],{},[167,153504,153505,153506,749,153508],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153507,36099],{},[15,153509,52483],{},[167,153511,37232,153512,153514],{},[15,153513,149020],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[260,153516,60535],{"id":60534},[20,153518,94206],{},[52,153520,153522],{"className":54,"code":153521,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153523,153524,153534,153548,153563,153581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153525,153526,153528,153530,153532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153527,90],{"class":89},[61,153529,94],{"class":93},[61,153531,147833],{"class":102},[61,153533,258],{"class":93},[61,153535,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,153537,90],{"class":89},[61,153539,94],{"class":93},[61,153541,11191],{"class":89},[61,153543,94],{"class":93},[61,153545,147833],{"class":102},[61,153547,342],{"class":93},[61,153549,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153561],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,153551,90],{"class":89},[61,153553,94],{"class":93},[61,153555,68],{"class":102},[61,153557,3924],{"class":672},[61,153559,153560],{"class":102}," my_tuple",[61,153562,258],{"class":93},[61,153564,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577,153579],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,153566,90],{"class":89},[61,153568,94],{"class":93},[61,153570,147833],{"class":102},[61,153572,229],{"class":93},[61,153574,952],{"class":102},[61,153576,94],{"class":93},[61,153578,103],{"class":102},[61,153580,342],{"class":93},[61,153582,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,153584,90],{"class":89},[61,153586,94],{"class":93},[61,153588,147833],{"class":102},[61,153590,229],{"class":93},[61,153592,35872],{"class":102},[61,153594,94],{"class":93},[61,153596,103],{"class":102},[61,153598,342],{"class":93},[20,153600,153601,153602,84223,153604,153606],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153603,40730],{},[15,153605,103],{}," is missing.",[20,153608,129450],{},[52,153610,153612],{"className":54,"code":153611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153613,153614,153626,153644,153650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153615,153616,153618,153620,153622,153624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153617,1124],{"class":672},[61,153619,21612],{"class":67},[61,153621,3924],{"class":71},[61,153623,153560],{"class":67},[61,153625,6433],{"class":93},[61,153627,153628,153630,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,153629,1141],{"class":89},[61,153631,94],{"class":93},[61,153633,147833],{"class":102},[61,153635,229],{"class":93},[61,153637,35872],{"class":102},[61,153639,94],{"class":93},[61,153641,103],{"class":102},[61,153643,342],{"class":93},[61,153645,153646,153648],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,153647,27460],{"class":672},[61,153649,6433],{"class":93},[61,153651,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,153653,1141],{"class":89},[61,153655,94],{"class":93},[61,153657,1010],{"class":310},[61,153659,153085],{"class":314},[61,153661,1010],{"class":310},[61,153663,258],{"class":93},[47,153665,1879],{"id":1878},[260,153667,1883,153669,12742],{"id":153668},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153670,149020],{},[20,153672,153673],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[260,153675,153677],{"id":153676},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153679,153680,152547],{},[15,153681,149020],{},[260,153683,148999],{"id":148998},[20,153685,76684,153686,229],{},[15,153687,40730],{},[260,153689,153691],{"id":153690},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153693,153694,153695,749,153697,153699],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153696,36099],{},[15,153698,52483],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[260,153701,14930,153703,57029,153705,1916],{"id":153702},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153704,149020],{},[15,153706,64691],{},[20,153708,153709],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[47,153711,1938],{"id":1937},[164,153713,153714,153720,153724,153729,153733],{},[167,153715,153716],{},[221,153717,149046,153718,10770],{"href":149098},[15,153719,57114],{},[167,153721,153722],{},[221,153723,149488],{"href":152914},[167,153725,153726],{},[221,153727,153728],{"href":150794},"Creating a tuple in Python",[167,153730,153731],{},[221,153732,65665],{"href":65664},[167,153734,153735],{},[221,153736,150742],{"href":152552},[1969,153738,153739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233,"children":153746},[153747],{"id":17420,"depth":86,"text":17421},{"id":103205,"depth":79,"text":103206},{"id":152889,"depth":79,"text":152890},{"id":65455,"depth":79,"text":65456},{"id":65232,"depth":79,"text":66015,"children":153752},[153753],{"id":153241,"depth":86,"text":153242},{"id":153349,"depth":79,"text":153350},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878,"children":153756},[153757],{"id":60534,"depth":86,"text":60535},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":153759},[153760,153762,153763,153764,153765],{"id":153668,"depth":86,"text":153761},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153676,"depth":86,"text":153677},{"id":148998,"depth":86,"text":148999},{"id":153690,"depth":86,"text":153691},{"id":153702,"depth":86,"text":153766},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152354,"description":153768},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153775,"title":153776,"body":153777,"description":155172,"extension":2017,"meta":155173,"navigation":82,"path":152914,"seo":155174,"stem":155175,"__hash__":155176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153778,"toc":155154},[153779,153782,153785,153788,153802,153804,153807,153901,153911,153917,153921,153924,153927,153929,153947,153949,154020,154022,154039,154043,154047,154050,154067,154070,154085,154087,154178,154181,154185,154188,154205,154207,154302,154305,154308,154312,154315,154409,154411,154430,154433,154437,154440,154442,154497,154499,154534,154537,154551,154559,154652,154661,154665,154668,154675,154678,154725,154727,154735,154738,154789,154791,154808,154813,154817,154820,154823,154825,154876,154879,154934,154937,154940,154942,154945,154965,154967,155040,155043,155056,155058,155062,155067,155071,155076,155093,155097,155100,155117,155121,155124,155126,155151],[10,153780,153776],{"id":153781},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153783,153784],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153786,153787],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[164,153789,153790,153793,153796,153799],{},[167,153791,153792],{},"positive indexes",[167,153794,153795],{},"negative indexes",[167,153797,153798],{},"common indexing mistakes",[167,153800,153801],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[47,153803,50],{"id":49},[20,153805,153806],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[52,153808,153810],{"className":54,"code":153809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153811,153812,153844,153848,153865,153882],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153813,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840,153842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153815,13102],{"class":67},[61,153817,72],{"class":71},[61,153819,572],{"class":93},[61,153821,1010],{"class":310},[61,153823,13119],{"class":314},[61,153825,1010],{"class":310},[61,153827,106],{"class":93},[61,153829,311],{"class":310},[61,153831,17482],{"class":314},[61,153833,1010],{"class":310},[61,153835,106],{"class":93},[61,153837,311],{"class":310},[61,153839,13136],{"class":314},[61,153841,1010],{"class":310},[61,153843,258],{"class":93},[61,153845,153846],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,153847,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,153849,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,153851,90],{"class":89},[61,153853,94],{"class":93},[61,153855,17529],{"class":102},[61,153857,1356],{"class":93},[61,153859,2175],{"class":75},[61,153861,20473],{"class":93},[61,153863,153864],{"class":116},"   # red\n",[61,153866,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,153868,90],{"class":89},[61,153870,94],{"class":93},[61,153872,17529],{"class":102},[61,153874,1356],{"class":93},[61,153876,3035],{"class":75},[61,153878,20473],{"class":93},[61,153880,153881],{"class":116},"   # green\n",[61,153883,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,153885,90],{"class":89},[61,153887,94],{"class":93},[61,153889,17529],{"class":102},[61,153891,1356],{"class":93},[61,153893,2078],{"class":71},[61,153895,3035],{"class":75},[61,153897,20473],{"class":93},[61,153899,153900],{"class":116},"  # blue\n",[164,153902,153903,153908],{},[167,153904,132239,153905,153907],{},[15,153906,2175],{}," is the first item.",[167,153909,153910],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153912,153913,153914,229],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[221,153915,153916],{"href":147818},"how to create a tuple in Python",[47,153918,153920],{"id":153919},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153922,153923],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153925,153926],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153928,11488],{},[164,153930,153931,153934,153941,153944],{},[167,153932,153933],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[167,153935,153936,153937,18990,153939],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153938,2175],{},[15,153940,3035],{},[167,153942,153943],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[167,153945,153946],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153948,295],{},[52,153950,153952],{"className":54,"code":153951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153953,153954,153974,153978,153992,154006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153955,153956,153958,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153957,3661],{"class":67},[61,153959,72],{"class":71},[61,153961,572],{"class":93},[61,153963,2379],{"class":75},[61,153965,106],{"class":93},[61,153967,7825],{"class":75},[61,153969,106],{"class":93},[61,153971,7830],{"class":75},[61,153973,258],{"class":93},[61,153975,153976],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,153977,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,153979,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,153981,90],{"class":89},[61,153983,94],{"class":93},[61,153985,3691],{"class":102},[61,153987,1356],{"class":93},[61,153989,2175],{"class":75},[61,153991,1365],{"class":93},[61,153993,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,153995,90],{"class":89},[61,153997,94],{"class":93},[61,153999,3691],{"class":102},[61,154001,1356],{"class":93},[61,154003,3035],{"class":75},[61,154005,1365],{"class":93},[61,154007,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,154009,90],{"class":89},[61,154011,94],{"class":93},[61,154013,3691],{"class":102},[61,154015,1356],{"class":93},[61,154017,2113],{"class":75},[61,154019,1365],{"class":93},[20,154021,345],{},[52,154023,154025],{"className":54,"code":154024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154026,154027,154031,154035],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154028,154029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154030,2425],{"class":75},[61,154032,154033],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154034,71050],{"class":75},[61,154036,154037],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154038,69666],{"class":75},[20,154040,59217,154041,229],{},[221,154042,147815],{"href":147814},[47,154044,154046],{"id":154045},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154048,154049],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[164,154051,154052,154057,154062],{},[167,154053,154054,154056],{},[15,154055,2175],{}," = first item",[167,154058,154059,154061],{},[15,154060,3035],{}," = second item",[167,154063,154064,154066],{},[15,154065,2113],{}," = third item",[20,154068,154069],{},"Pattern:",[52,154071,154073],{"className":54,"code":154072,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154074,154075],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154076,154077,154079,154081,154083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154078,152570],{"class":67},[61,154080,1356],{"class":93},[61,154082,35872],{"class":67},[61,154084,1115],{"class":93},[20,154086,295],{},[52,154088,154090],{"className":54,"code":154089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154091,154092,154124,154128,154145,154161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154093,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154095,36266],{"class":67},[61,154097,72],{"class":71},[61,154099,572],{"class":93},[61,154101,1010],{"class":310},[61,154103,4118],{"class":314},[61,154105,1010],{"class":310},[61,154107,106],{"class":93},[61,154109,311],{"class":310},[61,154111,4127],{"class":314},[61,154113,1010],{"class":310},[61,154115,106],{"class":93},[61,154117,311],{"class":310},[61,154119,4136],{"class":314},[61,154121,1010],{"class":310},[61,154123,258],{"class":93},[61,154125,154126],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154127,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,154129,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154131,90],{"class":89},[61,154133,94],{"class":93},[61,154135,36318],{"class":102},[61,154137,1356],{"class":93},[61,154139,2175],{"class":75},[61,154141,20473],{"class":93},[61,154143,154144],{"class":116},"  # apple\n",[61,154146,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,154148,90],{"class":89},[61,154150,94],{"class":93},[61,154152,36318],{"class":102},[61,154154,1356],{"class":93},[61,154156,3035],{"class":75},[61,154158,20473],{"class":93},[61,154160,51308],{"class":116},[61,154162,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,154164,90],{"class":89},[61,154166,94],{"class":93},[61,154168,36318],{"class":102},[61,154170,1356],{"class":93},[61,154172,2113],{"class":75},[61,154174,20473],{"class":93},[61,154176,154177],{"class":116},"  # cherry\n",[20,154179,154180],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[47,154182,154184],{"id":154183},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154186,154187],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[164,154189,154190,154195,154200],{},[167,154191,154192,154194],{},[15,154193,65680],{}," = last item",[167,154196,154197,154199],{},[15,154198,95236],{}," = second-to-last item",[167,154201,154202,154204],{},[15,154203,47683],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154206,295],{},[52,154208,154210],{"className":54,"code":154209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154211,154212,154244,154248,154266,154284],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154213,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154215,36266],{"class":67},[61,154217,72],{"class":71},[61,154219,572],{"class":93},[61,154221,1010],{"class":310},[61,154223,4118],{"class":314},[61,154225,1010],{"class":310},[61,154227,106],{"class":93},[61,154229,311],{"class":310},[61,154231,4127],{"class":314},[61,154233,1010],{"class":310},[61,154235,106],{"class":93},[61,154237,311],{"class":310},[61,154239,4136],{"class":314},[61,154241,1010],{"class":310},[61,154243,258],{"class":93},[61,154245,154246],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154247,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,154249,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154251,90],{"class":89},[61,154253,94],{"class":93},[61,154255,36318],{"class":102},[61,154257,1356],{"class":93},[61,154259,2078],{"class":71},[61,154261,3035],{"class":75},[61,154263,20473],{"class":93},[61,154265,154177],{"class":116},[61,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,154269,90],{"class":89},[61,154271,94],{"class":93},[61,154273,36318],{"class":102},[61,154275,1356],{"class":93},[61,154277,2078],{"class":71},[61,154279,2113],{"class":75},[61,154281,20473],{"class":93},[61,154283,51308],{"class":116},[61,154285,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,154287,90],{"class":89},[61,154289,94],{"class":93},[61,154291,36318],{"class":102},[61,154293,1356],{"class":93},[61,154295,2078],{"class":71},[61,154297,1046],{"class":75},[61,154299,20473],{"class":93},[61,154301,154144],{"class":116},[20,154303,154304],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154306,154307],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[47,154309,154311],{"id":154310},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154313,154314],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[52,154316,154318],{"className":54,"code":154317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154319,154320,154352,154356,154373,154390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154321,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154323,5035],{"class":67},[61,154325,72],{"class":71},[61,154327,572],{"class":93},[61,154329,1010],{"class":310},[61,154331,1319],{"class":314},[61,154333,1010],{"class":310},[61,154335,106],{"class":93},[61,154337,311],{"class":310},[61,154339,35967],{"class":314},[61,154341,1010],{"class":310},[61,154343,106],{"class":93},[61,154345,311],{"class":310},[61,154347,35976],{"class":314},[61,154349,1010],{"class":310},[61,154351,258],{"class":93},[61,154353,154354],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154355,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,154357,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154359,90],{"class":89},[61,154361,94],{"class":93},[61,154363,5079],{"class":102},[61,154365,1356],{"class":93},[61,154367,2175],{"class":75},[61,154369,20473],{"class":93},[61,154371,154372],{"class":116},"   # first item\n",[61,154374,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,154376,90],{"class":89},[61,154378,94],{"class":93},[61,154380,5079],{"class":102},[61,154382,1356],{"class":93},[61,154384,3035],{"class":75},[61,154386,20473],{"class":93},[61,154388,154389],{"class":116},"   # middle item\n",[61,154391,154392,154394,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,154393,90],{"class":89},[61,154395,94],{"class":93},[61,154397,5079],{"class":102},[61,154399,1356],{"class":93},[61,154401,2078],{"class":71},[61,154403,3035],{"class":75},[61,154405,20473],{"class":93},[61,154407,154408],{"class":116},"  # last item\n",[20,154410,345],{},[52,154412,154414],{"className":54,"code":154413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154415,154416,154420,154425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154417,154418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154419,1370],{"class":67},[61,154421,154422],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154423,154424],{"class":67},"Ben\n",[61,154426,154427],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154428,154429],{"class":67},"Cara\n",[20,154431,154432],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[47,154434,154436],{"id":154435},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154438,154439],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154441,295],{},[52,154443,154445],{"className":54,"code":154444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154446,154447,154479,154483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154448,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154450,36117],{"class":67},[61,154452,72],{"class":71},[61,154454,572],{"class":93},[61,154456,1010],{"class":310},[61,154458,221],{"class":314},[61,154460,1010],{"class":310},[61,154462,106],{"class":93},[61,154464,311],{"class":310},[61,154466,1101],{"class":314},[61,154468,1010],{"class":310},[61,154470,106],{"class":93},[61,154472,311],{"class":310},[61,154474,1110],{"class":314},[61,154476,1010],{"class":310},[61,154478,258],{"class":93},[61,154480,154481],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154482,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,154484,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154486,90],{"class":89},[61,154488,94],{"class":93},[61,154490,36170],{"class":102},[61,154492,1356],{"class":93},[61,154494,2192],{"class":75},[61,154496,1365],{"class":93},[20,154498,345],{},[52,154500,154502],{"className":54,"code":154501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154503,154504,154516,154521],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154505,154506,154509,154511,154514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154507,154508],{"class":102},"Traceback ",[61,154510,94],{"class":93},[61,154512,154513],{"class":102},"most recent call last",[61,154515,900],{"class":93},[61,154517,154518],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154519,154520],{"class":34483},"  ...\n",[61,154522,154523,154525,154527,154529,154532],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154524,70557],{"class":109},[61,154526,1314],{"class":93},[61,154528,149181],{"class":109},[61,154530,154531],{"class":67}," index out of ",[61,154533,70749],{"class":89},[20,154535,154536],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[164,154538,154539,154543,154547],{},[167,154540,154541],{},[15,154542,2175],{},[167,154544,154545],{},[15,154546,3035],{},[167,154548,154549],{},[15,154550,2113],{},[20,154552,154553,154554,229],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[221,154555,154556,154558],{"href":149053},[15,154557,42384],{}," on a tuple",[52,154560,154562],{"className":54,"code":154561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154563,154564,154596,154600,154616,154620,154638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154565,154566,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154567,36117],{"class":67},[61,154569,72],{"class":71},[61,154571,572],{"class":93},[61,154573,1010],{"class":310},[61,154575,221],{"class":314},[61,154577,1010],{"class":310},[61,154579,106],{"class":93},[61,154581,311],{"class":310},[61,154583,1101],{"class":314},[61,154585,1010],{"class":310},[61,154587,106],{"class":93},[61,154589,311],{"class":310},[61,154591,1110],{"class":314},[61,154593,1010],{"class":310},[61,154595,258],{"class":93},[61,154597,154598],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154599,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,154601,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154603,90],{"class":89},[61,154605,94],{"class":93},[61,154607,11191],{"class":89},[61,154609,94],{"class":93},[61,154611,36170],{"class":102},[61,154613,113],{"class":93},[61,154615,50592],{"class":116},[61,154617,154618],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,154619,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,154621,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,154623,1124],{"class":672},[61,154625,38414],{"class":89},[61,154627,94],{"class":93},[61,154629,36170],{"class":102},[61,154631,664],{"class":93},[61,154633,38424],{"class":71},[61,154635,3040],{"class":75},[61,154637,6433],{"class":93},[61,154639,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,154641,1141],{"class":89},[61,154643,94],{"class":93},[61,154645,36170],{"class":102},[61,154647,1356],{"class":93},[61,154649,2113],{"class":75},[61,154651,1365],{"class":93},[20,154653,154654,154655,229],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[221,154656,25708,154658],{"href":154657},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154659,154660],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[47,154662,154664],{"id":154663},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154666,154667],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[164,154669,154670,154672],{},[167,154671,76701],{},[167,154673,154674],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154676,154677],{},"Indexing example:",[52,154679,154681],{"className":54,"code":154680,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154682,154683,154707,154711],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154684,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154686,3661],{"class":67},[61,154688,72],{"class":71},[61,154690,572],{"class":93},[61,154692,2379],{"class":75},[61,154694,106],{"class":93},[61,154696,7825],{"class":75},[61,154698,106],{"class":93},[61,154700,7830],{"class":75},[61,154702,106],{"class":93},[61,154704,50665],{"class":75},[61,154706,258],{"class":93},[61,154708,154709],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154710,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,154712,154713,154715,154717,154719,154721,154723],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154714,90],{"class":89},[61,154716,94],{"class":93},[61,154718,3691],{"class":102},[61,154720,1356],{"class":93},[61,154722,3035],{"class":75},[61,154724,1365],{"class":93},[20,154726,345],{},[52,154728,154729],{"className":54,"code":71050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,154730,154731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154732,154733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154734,71050],{"class":75},[20,154736,154737],{},"Slicing example:",[52,154739,154741],{"className":54,"code":154740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154742,154743,154767,154771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154744,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154746,3661],{"class":67},[61,154748,72],{"class":71},[61,154750,572],{"class":93},[61,154752,2379],{"class":75},[61,154754,106],{"class":93},[61,154756,7825],{"class":75},[61,154758,106],{"class":93},[61,154760,7830],{"class":75},[61,154762,106],{"class":93},[61,154764,50665],{"class":75},[61,154766,258],{"class":93},[61,154768,154769],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154770,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,154772,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154774,90],{"class":89},[61,154776,94],{"class":93},[61,154778,3691],{"class":102},[61,154780,1356],{"class":93},[61,154782,3035],{"class":75},[61,154784,1314],{"class":93},[61,154786,1046],{"class":75},[61,154788,1365],{"class":93},[20,154790,345],{},[52,154792,154794],{"className":54,"code":154793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154795,154796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154797,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154799,94],{"class":93},[61,154801,15782],{"class":75},[61,154803,106],{"class":93},[61,154805,7830],{"class":75},[61,154807,258],{"class":93},[20,154809,154810,154811,229],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[221,154812,150732],{"href":150731},[47,154814,154816],{"id":154815},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154818,154819],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154821,154822],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154824,6722],{},[52,154826,154828],{"className":54,"code":154827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154829,154830,154862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154831,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154833,13102],{"class":67},[61,154835,72],{"class":71},[61,154837,572],{"class":93},[61,154839,1010],{"class":310},[61,154841,13119],{"class":314},[61,154843,1010],{"class":310},[61,154845,106],{"class":93},[61,154847,311],{"class":310},[61,154849,17482],{"class":314},[61,154851,1010],{"class":310},[61,154853,106],{"class":93},[61,154855,311],{"class":310},[61,154857,13136],{"class":314},[61,154859,1010],{"class":310},[61,154861,258],{"class":93},[61,154863,154864,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154865,90],{"class":89},[61,154867,94],{"class":93},[61,154869,17529],{"class":102},[61,154871,1356],{"class":93},[61,154873,3035],{"class":75},[61,154875,1365],{"class":93},[20,154877,154878],{},"But this does not work:",[52,154880,154882],{"className":54,"code":154881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154883,154884,154916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154885,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154887,13102],{"class":67},[61,154889,72],{"class":71},[61,154891,572],{"class":93},[61,154893,1010],{"class":310},[61,154895,13119],{"class":314},[61,154897,1010],{"class":310},[61,154899,106],{"class":93},[61,154901,311],{"class":310},[61,154903,17482],{"class":314},[61,154905,1010],{"class":310},[61,154907,106],{"class":93},[61,154909,311],{"class":310},[61,154911,13136],{"class":314},[61,154913,1010],{"class":310},[61,154915,258],{"class":93},[61,154917,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154919,17529],{"class":67},[61,154921,1356],{"class":93},[61,154923,3035],{"class":75},[61,154925,13300],{"class":93},[61,154927,13303],{"class":71},[61,154929,311],{"class":310},[61,154931,22552],{"class":314},[61,154933,318],{"class":310},[20,154935,154936],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154938,154939],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[47,154941,2878],{"id":2877},[20,154943,154944],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[164,154946,154947,154953,154956,154959],{},[167,154948,132543,154949,1395,154951],{},[15,154950,3035],{},[15,154952,2175],{},[167,154954,154955],{},"Using an index that is too large",[167,154957,154958],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[167,154960,154961,154962],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154963,154964],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154966,62120],{},[52,154968,154970],{"className":54,"code":154969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154971,154972,154982,154996,155010,155026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154973,154974,154976,154978,154980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154975,90],{"class":89},[61,154977,94],{"class":93},[61,154979,147833],{"class":102},[61,154981,258],{"class":93},[61,154983,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,154985,90],{"class":89},[61,154987,94],{"class":93},[61,154989,11191],{"class":89},[61,154991,94],{"class":93},[61,154993,147833],{"class":102},[61,154995,342],{"class":93},[61,154997,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,154999,90],{"class":89},[61,155001,94],{"class":93},[61,155003,147833],{"class":102},[61,155005,1356],{"class":93},[61,155007,2175],{"class":75},[61,155009,1365],{"class":93},[61,155011,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,155013,90],{"class":89},[61,155015,94],{"class":93},[61,155017,147833],{"class":102},[61,155019,1356],{"class":93},[61,155021,2078],{"class":71},[61,155023,3035],{"class":75},[61,155025,1365],{"class":93},[61,155027,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,155029,90],{"class":89},[61,155031,94],{"class":93},[61,155033,657],{"class":109},[61,155035,94],{"class":93},[61,155037,147833],{"class":102},[61,155039,342],{"class":93},[20,155041,155042],{},"These can help you confirm:",[164,155044,155045,155048,155050,155053],{},[167,155046,155047],{},"what the tuple contains",[167,155049,60609],{},[167,155051,155052],{},"what the first and last items are",[167,155054,155055],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[47,155057,1879],{"id":1878},[260,155059,155061],{"id":155060},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155063,155064,155065,229],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155066,2175],{},[260,155068,155070],{"id":155069},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155072,143,155073,155075],{},[15,155074,65680],{}," as the index:",[52,155077,155079],{"className":54,"code":155078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155080,155081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155082,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155084,147833],{"class":67},[61,155086,1356],{"class":93},[61,155088,2078],{"class":71},[61,155090,3035],{"class":75},[61,155092,1115],{"class":93},[260,155094,155096],{"id":155095},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155098,155099],{},"Python raises:",[52,155101,155103],{"className":54,"code":155102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155104,155105],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155106,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155108,70557],{"class":109},[61,155110,1314],{"class":93},[61,155112,149181],{"class":109},[61,155114,154531],{"class":67},[61,155116,70749],{"class":89},[260,155118,155120],{"id":155119},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155122,155123],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[47,155125,1938],{"id":1937},[164,155127,155128,155133,155137,155141,155147],{},[167,155129,155130],{},[221,155131,155132],{"href":147818},"How to create a tuple in Python",[167,155134,155135],{},[221,155136,150732],{"href":150731},[167,155138,155139],{},[221,155140,150737],{"href":149053},[167,155142,155143],{},[221,155144,26148,155145],{"href":154657},[15,155146,154660],{},[167,155148,155149],{},[221,155150,147815],{"href":147814},[1969,155152,155153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":155155},[155156,155157,155158,155159,155160,155161,155162,155163,155164,155165,155171],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":153919,"depth":79,"text":153920},{"id":154045,"depth":79,"text":154046},{"id":154183,"depth":79,"text":154184},{"id":154310,"depth":79,"text":154311},{"id":154435,"depth":79,"text":154436},{"id":154663,"depth":79,"text":154664},{"id":154815,"depth":79,"text":154816},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":155166},[155167,155168,155169,155170],{"id":155060,"depth":86,"text":155061},{"id":155069,"depth":86,"text":155070},{"id":155095,"depth":86,"text":155096},{"id":155119,"depth":86,"text":155120},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153776,"description":155172},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155178,"title":155179,"body":155180,"description":157069,"extension":2017,"meta":157070,"navigation":82,"path":157071,"seo":157072,"stem":157073,"__hash__":157074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155181,"toc":157026},[155182,155188,155193,155244,155248,155256,155262,155264,155280,155282,155285,155300,155302,155315,155317,155374,155378,155386,155393,155399,155405,155409,155460,155464,155472,155476,155505,155509,155517,155521,155554,155558,155566,155570,155573,155624,155628,155636,155638,155655,155659,155663,155722,155726,155734,155737,155764,155768,155776,155780,155786,155861,155865,155902,155910,155914,155977,155981,155989,155994,155998,156004,156047,156051,156059,156065,156068,156115,156119,156127,156136,156142,156197,156201,156209,156212,156216,156218,156249,156253,156272,156275,156320,156324,156347,156353,156358,156360,156407,156412,156415,156463,156467,156475,156479,156484,156488,156538,156542,156557,156561,156619,156623,156638,156642,156713,156717,156726,156730,156809,156813,156835,156843,156845,156848,156873,156875,156928,156930,156947,156949,156953,156959,156964,156969,156973,156978,156982,156987,156993,156996,156998,157023],[10,155183,155185,155186,664],{"id":155184},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155187,11191],{},[20,155189,143,155190,155192],{},[15,155191,42384],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[52,155194,155196],{"className":54,"code":155195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155197,155198,155230],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155199,155200,155202,155204,155206,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155201,13102],{"class":67},[61,155203,72],{"class":71},[61,155205,572],{"class":93},[61,155207,1010],{"class":310},[61,155209,13119],{"class":314},[61,155211,1010],{"class":310},[61,155213,106],{"class":93},[61,155215,311],{"class":310},[61,155217,17482],{"class":314},[61,155219,1010],{"class":310},[61,155221,106],{"class":93},[61,155223,311],{"class":310},[61,155225,13136],{"class":314},[61,155227,1010],{"class":310},[61,155229,258],{"class":93},[61,155231,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155233,90],{"class":89},[61,155235,94],{"class":93},[61,155237,11191],{"class":89},[61,155239,94],{"class":93},[61,155241,17529],{"class":102},[61,155243,342],{"class":93},[20,155245,155246],{},[3784,155247,345],{},[52,155249,155250],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155251,155252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155253,155254],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155255,46630],{"class":75},[20,155257,143,155258,155261],{},[15,155259,155260],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[47,155263,15190],{"id":15189},[164,155265,155266,155271,155275,155278],{},[167,155267,4238,155268,155270],{},[15,155269,42384],{}," works with tuples",[167,155272,68084,155273,11732],{},[15,155274,42384],{},[167,155276,155277],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[167,155279,1387],{},[47,155281,233],{"id":232},[20,155283,155284],{},"Use this pattern:",[52,155286,155288],{"className":54,"code":155287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155289,155290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155291,155292,155294,155296,155298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155293,11191],{"class":89},[61,155295,94],{"class":93},[61,155297,147833],{"class":102},[61,155299,258],{"class":93},[20,155301,11488],{},[164,155303,155304,155307,155310],{},[167,155305,155306],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[167,155308,155309],{},"The result is an integer",[167,155311,155312,155314],{},[15,155313,42384],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155316,295],{},[52,155318,155320],{"className":54,"code":155319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155321,155322,155346,155360,155364],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155323,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155325,3661],{"class":67},[61,155327,72],{"class":71},[61,155329,572],{"class":93},[61,155331,2379],{"class":75},[61,155333,106],{"class":93},[61,155335,7825],{"class":75},[61,155337,106],{"class":93},[61,155339,7830],{"class":75},[61,155341,106],{"class":93},[61,155343,50665],{"class":75},[61,155345,258],{"class":93},[61,155347,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155349,41267],{"class":67},[61,155351,72],{"class":71},[61,155353,38414],{"class":89},[61,155355,94],{"class":93},[61,155357,3691],{"class":102},[61,155359,258],{"class":93},[61,155361,155362],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,155363,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,155365,155366,155368,155370,155372],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,155367,90],{"class":89},[61,155369,94],{"class":93},[61,155371,952],{"class":102},[61,155373,258],{"class":93},[20,155375,155376],{},[3784,155377,345],{},[52,155379,155380],{"className":54,"code":48662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155381,155382],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155383,155384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155385,48662],{"class":75},[20,155387,155388,155389,229],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[221,155390,13,155391,1947],{"href":42381},[15,155392,42384],{},[47,155394,151,155396,155398],{"id":155395},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155397,42384],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155400,155401,155402,155404],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155403,42384],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[260,155406,155408],{"id":155407},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[52,155410,155412],{"className":54,"code":155411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155413,155414,155446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155415,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424,155426,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155417,36266],{"class":67},[61,155419,72],{"class":71},[61,155421,572],{"class":93},[61,155423,1010],{"class":310},[61,155425,4118],{"class":314},[61,155427,1010],{"class":310},[61,155429,106],{"class":93},[61,155431,311],{"class":310},[61,155433,4127],{"class":314},[61,155435,1010],{"class":310},[61,155437,106],{"class":93},[61,155439,311],{"class":310},[61,155441,33250],{"class":314},[61,155443,1010],{"class":310},[61,155445,258],{"class":93},[61,155447,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155449,90],{"class":89},[61,155451,94],{"class":93},[61,155453,11191],{"class":89},[61,155455,94],{"class":93},[61,155457,36318],{"class":102},[61,155459,342],{"class":93},[20,155461,155462],{},[3784,155463,345],{},[52,155465,155466],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155467,155468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155469,155470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155471,46630],{"class":75},[260,155473,155475],{"id":155474},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[52,155477,155479],{"className":54,"code":155478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155480,155481,155490],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155482,155483,155486,155488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155484,155485],{"class":67},"empty_tuple ",[61,155487,72],{"class":71},[61,155489,149157],{"class":93},[61,155491,155492,155494,155496,155498,155500,155503],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155493,90],{"class":89},[61,155495,94],{"class":93},[61,155497,11191],{"class":89},[61,155499,94],{"class":93},[61,155501,155502],{"class":102},"empty_tuple",[61,155504,342],{"class":93},[20,155506,155507],{},[3784,155508,345],{},[52,155510,155511],{"className":54,"code":47265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155512,155513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155514,155515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155516,47265],{"class":75},[260,155518,155520],{"id":155519},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[52,155522,155524],{"className":54,"code":155523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155525,155526,155539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155527,155528,155531,155533,155535,155537],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155529,155530],{"class":67},"single_value ",[61,155532,72],{"class":71},[61,155534,572],{"class":93},[61,155536,2192],{"class":75},[61,155538,149171],{"class":93},[61,155540,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155552],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155542,90],{"class":89},[61,155544,94],{"class":93},[61,155546,11191],{"class":89},[61,155548,94],{"class":93},[61,155550,155551],{"class":102},"single_value",[61,155553,342],{"class":93},[20,155555,155556],{},[3784,155557,345],{},[52,155559,155560],{"className":54,"code":46930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155561,155562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155563,155564],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155565,46930],{"class":75},[260,155567,155569],{"id":155568},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155571,155572],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[52,155574,155576],{"className":54,"code":155575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155577,155578,155610],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155579,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155581,9199],{"class":67},[61,155583,72],{"class":71},[61,155585,572],{"class":93},[61,155587,3035],{"class":75},[61,155589,106],{"class":93},[61,155591,572],{"class":93},[61,155593,2113],{"class":75},[61,155595,106],{"class":93},[61,155597,1020],{"class":75},[61,155599,9266],{"class":93},[61,155601,1088],{"class":93},[61,155603,2552],{"class":75},[61,155605,106],{"class":93},[61,155607,4644],{"class":75},[61,155609,1365],{"class":93},[61,155611,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155613,90],{"class":89},[61,155615,94],{"class":93},[61,155617,11191],{"class":89},[61,155619,94],{"class":93},[61,155621,9237],{"class":102},[61,155623,342],{"class":93},[20,155625,155626],{},[3784,155627,345],{},[52,155629,155630],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155631,155632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155633,155634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155635,46630],{"class":75},[20,155637,19984],{},[164,155639,155640,155645,155650],{},[167,155641,155642,155644],{},[15,155643,3035],{}," is one item",[167,155646,155647,155644],{},[15,155648,155649],{},"(2, 3)",[167,155651,155652,155644],{},[15,155653,155654],{},"[4, 5]",[47,155656,155658],{"id":155657},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[260,155660,155662],{"id":155661},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[52,155664,155666],{"className":54,"code":155665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155667,155668,155708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155669,155670,155672,155674,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155671,13102],{"class":67},[61,155673,72],{"class":71},[61,155675,572],{"class":93},[61,155677,1010],{"class":310},[61,155679,13119],{"class":314},[61,155681,1010],{"class":310},[61,155683,106],{"class":93},[61,155685,311],{"class":310},[61,155687,17482],{"class":314},[61,155689,1010],{"class":310},[61,155691,106],{"class":93},[61,155693,311],{"class":310},[61,155695,13136],{"class":314},[61,155697,1010],{"class":310},[61,155699,106],{"class":93},[61,155701,311],{"class":310},[61,155703,22552],{"class":314},[61,155705,1010],{"class":310},[61,155707,258],{"class":93},[61,155709,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155711,90],{"class":89},[61,155713,94],{"class":93},[61,155715,11191],{"class":89},[61,155717,94],{"class":93},[61,155719,17529],{"class":102},[61,155721,342],{"class":93},[20,155723,155724],{},[3784,155725,345],{},[52,155727,155728],{"className":54,"code":48662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155729,155730],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155731,155732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155733,48662],{"class":75},[260,155735,155475],{"id":155736},"empty-tuple-1",[52,155738,155740],{"className":54,"code":155739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155741,155742,155750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155743,155744,155746,155748],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155745,7814],{"class":67},[61,155747,72],{"class":71},[61,155749,149157],{"class":93},[61,155751,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760,155762],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155753,90],{"class":89},[61,155755,94],{"class":93},[61,155757,11191],{"class":89},[61,155759,94],{"class":93},[61,155761,7845],{"class":102},[61,155763,342],{"class":93},[20,155765,155766],{},[3784,155767,345],{},[52,155769,155770],{"className":54,"code":47265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155771,155772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155773,155774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155775,47265],{"class":75},[260,155777,155779],{"id":155778},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155781,155782,155783,155785],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3784,155784,4670],{}," always a tuple.",[52,155787,155789],{"className":54,"code":155788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155790,155791,155803,155815,155819,155833,155847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155792,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155794,2602],{"class":67},[61,155796,72],{"class":71},[61,155798,572],{"class":93},[61,155800,2192],{"class":75},[61,155802,258],{"class":93},[61,155804,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155806,2630],{"class":67},[61,155808,72],{"class":71},[61,155810,572],{"class":93},[61,155812,2192],{"class":75},[61,155814,149171],{"class":93},[61,155816,155817],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,155818,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,155820,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829,155831],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,155822,90],{"class":89},[61,155824,94],{"class":93},[61,155826,657],{"class":109},[61,155828,94],{"class":93},[61,155830,221],{"class":102},[61,155832,342],{"class":93},[61,155834,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,155836,90],{"class":89},[61,155838,94],{"class":93},[61,155840,657],{"class":109},[61,155842,94],{"class":93},[61,155844,1101],{"class":102},[61,155846,342],{"class":93},[61,155848,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,155850,90],{"class":89},[61,155852,94],{"class":93},[61,155854,11191],{"class":89},[61,155856,94],{"class":93},[61,155858,1101],{"class":102},[61,155860,342],{"class":93},[20,155862,155863],{},[3784,155864,345],{},[52,155866,155868],{"className":54,"code":155867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155869,155870,155884,155898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155871,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155873,3337],{"class":71},[61,155875,3340],{"class":882},[61,155877,3343],{"class":310},[61,155879,189],{"class":314},[61,155881,3348],{"class":310},[61,155883,3351],{"class":71},[61,155885,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155887,3337],{"class":71},[61,155889,3340],{"class":882},[61,155891,3343],{"class":310},[61,155893,195],{"class":314},[61,155895,3348],{"class":310},[61,155897,3351],{"class":71},[61,155899,155900],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,155901,46930],{"class":75},[20,155903,155904,155905,749,155908,229],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[221,155906,155907],{"href":147818},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[221,155909,149119],{"href":149118},[260,155911,155913],{"id":155912},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[52,155915,155917],{"className":54,"code":155916,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155918,155919,155963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155920,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155922,59297],{"class":67},[61,155924,72],{"class":71},[61,155926,572],{"class":93},[61,155928,1010],{"class":310},[61,155930,4118],{"class":314},[61,155932,1010],{"class":310},[61,155934,106],{"class":93},[61,155936,1088],{"class":93},[61,155938,3035],{"class":75},[61,155940,106],{"class":93},[61,155942,3040],{"class":75},[61,155944,18089],{"class":93},[61,155946,572],{"class":93},[61,155948,1010],{"class":310},[61,155950,2228],{"class":314},[61,155952,1010],{"class":310},[61,155954,106],{"class":93},[61,155956,311],{"class":310},[61,155958,11772],{"class":314},[61,155960,1010],{"class":310},[61,155962,342],{"class":93},[61,155964,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,155966,90],{"class":89},[61,155968,94],{"class":93},[61,155970,11191],{"class":89},[61,155972,94],{"class":93},[61,155974,59350],{"class":102},[61,155976,342],{"class":93},[20,155978,155979],{},[3784,155980,345],{},[52,155982,155983],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,155984,155985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155986,155987],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155988,46630],{"class":75},[20,155990,155991,155993],{},[15,155992,42384],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[47,155995,155997],{"id":155996},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[260,155999,156001,156003],{"id":156000},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156002,42384],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[52,156005,156007],{"className":54,"code":156006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156008,156009,156033],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156010,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156012,4109],{"class":67},[61,156014,72],{"class":71},[61,156016,572],{"class":93},[61,156018,1010],{"class":310},[61,156020,63421],{"class":314},[61,156022,1010],{"class":310},[61,156024,106],{"class":93},[61,156026,311],{"class":310},[61,156028,56],{"class":314},[61,156030,1010],{"class":310},[61,156032,258],{"class":93},[61,156034,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156036,90],{"class":89},[61,156038,94],{"class":93},[61,156040,11191],{"class":89},[61,156042,94],{"class":93},[61,156044,4153],{"class":102},[61,156046,342],{"class":93},[20,156048,156049],{},[3784,156050,345],{},[52,156052,156053],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156054,156055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156056,156057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156058,17083],{"class":75},[20,156060,156061,156062,156064],{},"This result is ",[15,156063,2113],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156066,156067],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[52,156069,156071],{"className":54,"code":156070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156072,156073,156097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156074,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156076,4109],{"class":67},[61,156078,72],{"class":71},[61,156080,572],{"class":93},[61,156082,1010],{"class":310},[61,156084,63421],{"class":314},[61,156086,1010],{"class":310},[61,156088,106],{"class":93},[61,156090,311],{"class":310},[61,156092,56],{"class":314},[61,156094,1010],{"class":310},[61,156096,258],{"class":93},[61,156098,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156100,90],{"class":89},[61,156102,94],{"class":93},[61,156104,11191],{"class":89},[61,156106,94],{"class":93},[61,156108,4153],{"class":102},[61,156110,1356],{"class":93},[61,156112,2175],{"class":75},[61,156114,1518],{"class":93},[20,156116,156117],{},[3784,156118,345],{},[52,156120,156121],{"className":54,"code":17083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156122,156123],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156124,156125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156126,17083],{"class":75},[20,156128,20798,156129,156132,156133,229],{},[15,156130,156131],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156134,156135],{},"\"hi\"",[260,156137,156139,156141],{"id":156138},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156140,42384],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[52,156143,156145],{"className":54,"code":156144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156146,156147,156183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156148,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156150,3865],{"class":67},[61,156152,72],{"class":71},[61,156154,10026],{"class":93},[61,156156,3035],{"class":75},[61,156158,106],{"class":93},[61,156160,3040],{"class":75},[61,156162,9266],{"class":93},[61,156164,572],{"class":93},[61,156166,1046],{"class":75},[61,156168,106],{"class":93},[61,156170,2505],{"class":75},[61,156172,9266],{"class":93},[61,156174,572],{"class":93},[61,156176,2192],{"class":75},[61,156178,106],{"class":93},[61,156180,37672],{"class":75},[61,156182,342],{"class":93},[61,156184,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156186,90],{"class":89},[61,156188,94],{"class":93},[61,156190,11191],{"class":89},[61,156192,94],{"class":93},[61,156194,5396],{"class":102},[61,156196,342],{"class":93},[20,156198,156199],{},[3784,156200,345],{},[52,156202,156203],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156204,156205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156206,156207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156208,46630],{"class":75},[20,156210,156211],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[260,156213,156215],{"id":156214},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156217,25719],{},[52,156219,156221],{"className":54,"code":156220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156222,156223,156235],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156224,156225,156227,156229,156231,156233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156226,68],{"class":67},[61,156228,72],{"class":71},[61,156230,572],{"class":93},[61,156232,2379],{"class":75},[61,156234,258],{"class":93},[61,156236,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156238,90],{"class":89},[61,156240,94],{"class":93},[61,156242,657],{"class":109},[61,156244,94],{"class":93},[61,156246,103],{"class":102},[61,156248,342],{"class":93},[20,156250,156251],{},[3784,156252,345],{},[52,156254,156256],{"className":54,"code":156255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156257,156258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156259,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156261,3337],{"class":71},[61,156263,3340],{"class":882},[61,156265,3343],{"class":310},[61,156267,189],{"class":314},[61,156269,3348],{"class":310},[61,156271,3351],{"class":71},[20,156273,156274],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[52,156276,156278],{"className":54,"code":156277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156279,156280,156292,156306],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156281,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156283,68],{"class":67},[61,156285,72],{"class":71},[61,156287,572],{"class":93},[61,156289,2379],{"class":75},[61,156291,149171],{"class":93},[61,156293,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156295,90],{"class":89},[61,156297,94],{"class":93},[61,156299,657],{"class":109},[61,156301,94],{"class":93},[61,156303,103],{"class":102},[61,156305,342],{"class":93},[61,156307,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156309,90],{"class":89},[61,156311,94],{"class":93},[61,156313,11191],{"class":89},[61,156315,94],{"class":93},[61,156317,103],{"class":102},[61,156319,342],{"class":93},[20,156321,156322],{},[3784,156323,345],{},[52,156325,156327],{"className":54,"code":156326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156328,156329,156343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156330,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156332,3337],{"class":71},[61,156334,3340],{"class":882},[61,156336,3343],{"class":310},[61,156338,195],{"class":314},[61,156340,3348],{"class":310},[61,156342,3351],{"class":71},[61,156344,156345],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156346,46930],{"class":75},[260,156348,156350,156352],{"id":156349},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156351,11191],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156354,44449,156355,156357],{},[15,156356,11191],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156359,44480],{},[52,156361,156363],{"className":54,"code":156362,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156364,156365,156373,156393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156366,156367,156369,156371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156368,11191],{"class":89},[61,156370,13303],{"class":71},[61,156372,76],{"class":75},[61,156374,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156376,3661],{"class":67},[61,156378,72],{"class":71},[61,156380,572],{"class":93},[61,156382,3035],{"class":75},[61,156384,106],{"class":93},[61,156386,3040],{"class":75},[61,156388,106],{"class":93},[61,156390,1020],{"class":75},[61,156392,258],{"class":93},[61,156394,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156396,90],{"class":89},[61,156398,94],{"class":93},[61,156400,11191],{"class":89},[61,156402,94],{"class":93},[61,156404,3691],{"class":102},[61,156406,342],{"class":93},[20,156408,39682,156409,156411],{},[15,156410,11191],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156413,156414],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[52,156416,156418],{"className":54,"code":156417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156419,156420,156429,156449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156421,156422,156425,156427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156423,156424],{"class":67},"length_value ",[61,156426,72],{"class":71},[61,156428,76],{"class":75},[61,156430,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156432,3661],{"class":67},[61,156434,72],{"class":71},[61,156436,572],{"class":93},[61,156438,3035],{"class":75},[61,156440,106],{"class":93},[61,156442,3040],{"class":75},[61,156444,106],{"class":93},[61,156446,1020],{"class":75},[61,156448,258],{"class":93},[61,156450,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156452,90],{"class":89},[61,156454,94],{"class":93},[61,156456,11191],{"class":89},[61,156458,94],{"class":93},[61,156460,3691],{"class":102},[61,156462,342],{"class":93},[20,156464,156465],{},[3784,156466,345],{},[52,156468,156469],{"className":54,"code":46630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156470,156471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156472,156473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156474,46630],{"class":75},[47,156476,156478],{"id":156477},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156480,156481,156483],{},[15,156482,42384],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[260,156485,156487],{"id":156486},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[52,156489,156491],{"className":54,"code":156490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156492,156493,156501,156505,156523],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156494,156495,156497,156499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156496,7814],{"class":67},[61,156498,72],{"class":71},[61,156500,149157],{"class":93},[61,156502,156503],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156504,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,156506,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156508,1124],{"class":672},[61,156510,38414],{"class":89},[61,156512,94],{"class":93},[61,156514,7845],{"class":102},[61,156516,664],{"class":93},[61,156518,667],{"class":71},[61,156520,3876],{"class":75},[61,156522,6433],{"class":93},[61,156524,156525,156527,156529,156531,156534,156536],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,156526,1141],{"class":89},[61,156528,94],{"class":93},[61,156530,1010],{"class":310},[61,156532,156533],{"class":314},"The tuple is empty",[61,156535,1010],{"class":310},[61,156537,258],{"class":93},[20,156539,156540],{},[3784,156541,345],{},[52,156543,156545],{"className":54,"code":156544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156546,156547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156548,156549,156551,156553,156555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156550,2034],{"class":67},[61,156552,195],{"class":109},[61,156554,8130],{"class":71},[61,156556,8135],{"class":67},[260,156558,156560],{"id":156559},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[52,156562,156564],{"className":54,"code":156563,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156565,156566,156582,156586,156604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156567,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156569,51207],{"class":67},[61,156571,72],{"class":71},[61,156573,572],{"class":93},[61,156575,2552],{"class":75},[61,156577,106],{"class":93},[61,156579,6032],{"class":75},[61,156581,258],{"class":93},[61,156583,156584],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156585,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,156587,156588,156590,156592,156594,156596,156598,156600,156602],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156589,1124],{"class":672},[61,156591,38414],{"class":89},[61,156593,94],{"class":93},[61,156595,51232],{"class":102},[61,156597,664],{"class":93},[61,156599,667],{"class":71},[61,156601,3040],{"class":75},[61,156603,6433],{"class":93},[61,156605,156606,156608,156610,156612,156615,156617],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,156607,1141],{"class":89},[61,156609,94],{"class":93},[61,156611,1010],{"class":310},[61,156613,156614],{"class":314},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[61,156616,1010],{"class":310},[61,156618,258],{"class":93},[20,156620,156621],{},[3784,156622,345],{},[52,156624,156626],{"className":54,"code":156625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156627,156628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156629,156630,156633,156635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156631,156632],{"class":67},"This looks like an x",[61,156634,106],{"class":93},[61,156636,156637],{"class":67}," y coordinate\n",[260,156639,156641],{"id":156640},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[52,156643,156645],{"className":54,"code":156644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156646,156647,156676,156680,156698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156648,156649,156651,156653,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156672,156674],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156650,11516],{"class":67},[61,156652,72],{"class":71},[61,156654,572],{"class":93},[61,156656,1010],{"class":310},[61,156658,1319],{"class":314},[61,156660,1010],{"class":310},[61,156662,106],{"class":93},[61,156664,9338],{"class":75},[61,156666,106],{"class":93},[61,156668,311],{"class":310},[61,156670,156671],{"class":314},"Canada",[61,156673,1010],{"class":310},[61,156675,258],{"class":93},[61,156677,156678],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156679,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,156681,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156683,1124],{"class":672},[61,156685,38414],{"class":89},[61,156687,94],{"class":93},[61,156689,11609],{"class":102},[61,156691,664],{"class":93},[61,156693,667],{"class":71},[61,156695,1020],{"class":75},[61,156697,6433],{"class":93},[61,156699,156700,156702,156704,156706,156709,156711],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,156701,1141],{"class":89},[61,156703,94],{"class":93},[61,156705,1010],{"class":310},[61,156707,156708],{"class":314},"User record has the expected number of values",[61,156710,1010],{"class":310},[61,156712,258],{"class":93},[20,156714,156715],{},[3784,156716,345],{},[52,156718,156720],{"className":54,"code":156719,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156721,156722],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156723,156724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156725,156719],{"class":67},[260,156727,156729],{"id":156728},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[52,156731,156733],{"className":54,"code":156732,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156734,156735,156767,156771,156791],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156736,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156738,36117],{"class":67},[61,156740,72],{"class":71},[61,156742,572],{"class":93},[61,156744,1010],{"class":310},[61,156746,221],{"class":314},[61,156748,1010],{"class":310},[61,156750,106],{"class":93},[61,156752,311],{"class":310},[61,156754,1101],{"class":314},[61,156756,1010],{"class":310},[61,156758,106],{"class":93},[61,156760,311],{"class":310},[61,156762,1110],{"class":314},[61,156764,1010],{"class":310},[61,156766,258],{"class":93},[61,156768,156769],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156770,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,156772,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156774,5996],{"class":672},[61,156776,69374],{"class":67},[61,156778,3924],{"class":672},[61,156780,53893],{"class":89},[61,156782,94],{"class":93},[61,156784,11191],{"class":89},[61,156786,94],{"class":93},[61,156788,36170],{"class":102},[61,156790,69389],{"class":93},[61,156792,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,156794,1141],{"class":89},[61,156796,94],{"class":93},[61,156798,36181],{"class":102},[61,156800,106],{"class":93},[61,156802,69922],{"class":102},[61,156804,1356],{"class":93},[61,156806,36181],{"class":102},[61,156808,1365],{"class":93},[20,156810,156811],{},[3784,156812,345],{},[52,156814,156815],{"className":54,"code":36193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,156816,156817,156823,156829],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156818,156819,156821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156820,2175],{"class":75},[61,156822,36202],{"class":67},[61,156824,156825,156827],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156826,3035],{"class":75},[61,156828,36209],{"class":67},[61,156830,156831,156833],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156832,2113],{"class":75},[61,156834,36216],{"class":67},[20,156836,156837,156838,156840,156841,229],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[221,156839,149488],{"href":149487},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[221,156842,150732],{"href":150731},[47,156844,2878],{"id":2877},[20,156846,156847],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[164,156849,156850,156858,156865,156870],{},[167,156851,156852,156853,1395,156856],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156854,156855],{},"(5)",[15,156857,149322],{},[167,156859,8449,156860,156862,156863],{},[15,156861,11191],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156864,42384],{},[167,156866,8485,156867,156869],{},[15,156868,42384],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[167,156871,156872],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156874,32111],{},[52,156876,156878],{"className":54,"code":156877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156879,156880,156890,156904,156918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156881,156882,156884,156886,156888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156883,90],{"class":89},[61,156885,94],{"class":93},[61,156887,147833],{"class":102},[61,156889,258],{"class":93},[61,156891,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,156893,90],{"class":89},[61,156895,94],{"class":93},[61,156897,657],{"class":109},[61,156899,94],{"class":93},[61,156901,147833],{"class":102},[61,156903,342],{"class":93},[61,156905,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,156907,90],{"class":89},[61,156909,94],{"class":93},[61,156911,11191],{"class":89},[61,156913,94],{"class":93},[61,156915,147833],{"class":102},[61,156917,342],{"class":93},[61,156919,156920,156922,156924,156926],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,156921,32181],{"class":89},[61,156923,94],{"class":93},[61,156925,11191],{"class":89},[61,156927,258],{"class":93},[20,156929,155042],{},[164,156931,156932,156935,156938,156942],{},[167,156933,156934],{},"what value you are using",[167,156936,156937],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[167,156939,26045,156940,11732],{},[15,156941,42384],{},[167,156943,123206,156944,156946],{},[15,156945,42384],{}," is documented in Python",[47,156948,1879],{"id":1878},[260,156950,156952],{"id":156951},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156954,143,156955,156958],{},[15,156956,156957],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[260,156960,1928,156962,148992],{"id":156961},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156963,42384],{},[20,156965,46380,156966,156968],{},[15,156967,42384],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[260,156970,156972],{"id":156971},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156974,156975,156976,229],{},"The length is ",[15,156977,2175],{},[260,156979,156981],{"id":156980},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156983,150678,156984,156986],{},[15,156985,150681],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[260,156988,1928,156990,156992],{"id":156989},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156991,42384],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156994,156995],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[47,156997,1938],{"id":1937},[164,156999,157000,157006,157010,157014,157018],{},[167,157001,157002],{},[221,157003,13,157004,1947],{"href":42381},[15,157005,42384],{},[167,157007,157008],{},[221,157009,155907],{"href":147818},[167,157011,157012],{},[221,157013,149488],{"href":149487},[167,157015,157016],{},[221,157017,150732],{"href":150731},[167,157019,157020],{},[221,157021,157022],{"href":149118},"What is a tuple in Python",[1969,157024,157025],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":157027},[157028,157029,157030,157037,157043,157052,157058,157059,157068],{"id":15189,"depth":79,"text":15190},{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":155395,"depth":79,"text":157031,"children":157032},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157033,157034,157035,157036],{"id":155407,"depth":86,"text":155408},{"id":155474,"depth":86,"text":155475},{"id":155519,"depth":86,"text":155520},{"id":155568,"depth":86,"text":155569},{"id":155657,"depth":79,"text":155658,"children":157038},[157039,157040,157041,157042],{"id":155661,"depth":86,"text":155662},{"id":155736,"depth":86,"text":155475},{"id":155778,"depth":86,"text":155779},{"id":155912,"depth":86,"text":155913},{"id":155996,"depth":79,"text":155997,"children":157044},[157045,157047,157049,157050],{"id":156000,"depth":86,"text":157046},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156138,"depth":86,"text":157048},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156214,"depth":86,"text":156215},{"id":156349,"depth":86,"text":157051},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156477,"depth":79,"text":156478,"children":157053},[157054,157055,157056,157057],{"id":156486,"depth":86,"text":156487},{"id":156559,"depth":86,"text":156560},{"id":156640,"depth":86,"text":156641},{"id":156728,"depth":86,"text":156729},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":157060},[157061,157062,157064,157065,157066],{"id":156951,"depth":86,"text":156952},{"id":156961,"depth":86,"text":157063},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156971,"depth":86,"text":156972},{"id":156980,"depth":86,"text":156981},{"id":156989,"depth":86,"text":157067},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155179,"description":157069},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157076,"title":157077,"body":157078,"description":159463,"extension":2017,"meta":159464,"navigation":82,"path":159465,"seo":159466,"stem":159467,"__hash__":159468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157079,"toc":159424},[157080,157083,157086,157089,157112,157118,157120,157231,157235,157238,157248,157250,157349,157351,157428,157434,157438,157441,157464,157467,157484,157487,157489,157552,157554,157571,157582,157587,157589,157592,157598,157649,157651,157671,157675,157726,157728,157749,157753,157808,157810,157831,157835,157890,157892,157913,157917,157970,157972,158001,158003,158005,158008,158012,158069,158071,158092,158096,158149,158151,158176,158181,158185,158190,158208,158211,158274,158276,158297,158300,158361,158363,158384,158387,158430,158433,158437,158442,158446,158525,158527,158558,158562,158637,158639,158666,158670,158717,158719,158727,158732,158736,158739,158754,158756,158844,158846,158871,158874,158917,158926,158928,158931,158946,158949,158953,159007,159009,159029,159034,159038,159040,159078,159081,159131,159135,159208,159210,159247,159250,159252,159255,159275,159278,159347,159349,159362,159364,159368,159371,159375,159378,159383,159386,159392,159397,159399,159421],[10,157081,157077],{"id":157082},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157084,157085],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157087,157088],{},"Use this format:",[52,157090,157092],{"className":54,"code":157091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157093,157094],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157095,157096,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157097,195],{"class":67},[61,157099,1356],{"class":93},[61,157101,36099],{"class":67},[61,157103,1314],{"class":93},[61,157105,75252],{"class":67},[61,157107,1314],{"class":93},[61,157109,75255],{"class":67},[61,157111,1115],{"class":93},[20,157113,2034,157114,75288,157116,229],{},[15,157115,75252],{},[3784,157117,64895],{},[47,157119,2059],{"id":2058},[52,157121,157123],{"className":54,"code":157122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157124,157125,157153,157157,157178,157195,157212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157126,157127,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149,157151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157128,3661],{"class":67},[61,157130,72],{"class":71},[61,157132,572],{"class":93},[61,157134,2379],{"class":75},[61,157136,106],{"class":93},[61,157138,7825],{"class":75},[61,157140,106],{"class":93},[61,157142,7830],{"class":75},[61,157144,106],{"class":93},[61,157146,50665],{"class":75},[61,157148,106],{"class":93},[61,157150,5121],{"class":75},[61,157152,258],{"class":93},[61,157154,157155],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157156,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157158,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,157160,90],{"class":89},[61,157162,94],{"class":93},[61,157164,3691],{"class":102},[61,157166,1356],{"class":93},[61,157168,3035],{"class":75},[61,157170,1314],{"class":93},[61,157172,2552],{"class":75},[61,157174,20473],{"class":93},[61,157176,157177],{"class":116},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[61,157179,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,157181,90],{"class":89},[61,157183,94],{"class":93},[61,157185,3691],{"class":102},[61,157187,75361],{"class":93},[61,157189,1046],{"class":75},[61,157191,20473],{"class":93},[61,157193,157194],{"class":116},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[61,157196,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,157198,90],{"class":89},[61,157200,94],{"class":93},[61,157202,3691],{"class":102},[61,157204,73948],{"class":93},[61,157206,2113],{"class":75},[61,157208,20473],{"class":93},[61,157210,157211],{"class":116},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[61,157213,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,157215,90],{"class":89},[61,157217,94],{"class":93},[61,157219,3691],{"class":102},[61,157221,73948],{"class":93},[61,157223,2078],{"class":71},[61,157225,3035],{"class":75},[61,157227,20473],{"class":93},[61,157229,157230],{"class":116},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[47,157232,157234],{"id":157233},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157236,157237],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[164,157239,157240,157242,157245],{},[167,157241,75555],{},[167,157243,157244],{},"The result is a new tuple",[167,157246,157247],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157249,295],{},[52,157251,157253],{"className":54,"code":157252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157254,157255,157303,157307,157325,157329,157339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157256,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157258,36117],{"class":67},[61,157260,72],{"class":71},[61,157262,572],{"class":93},[61,157264,1010],{"class":310},[61,157266,221],{"class":314},[61,157268,1010],{"class":310},[61,157270,106],{"class":93},[61,157272,311],{"class":310},[61,157274,1101],{"class":314},[61,157276,1010],{"class":310},[61,157278,106],{"class":93},[61,157280,311],{"class":310},[61,157282,1110],{"class":314},[61,157284,1010],{"class":310},[61,157286,106],{"class":93},[61,157288,311],{"class":310},[61,157290,18795],{"class":314},[61,157292,1010],{"class":310},[61,157294,106],{"class":93},[61,157296,311],{"class":310},[61,157298,60272],{"class":314},[61,157300,1010],{"class":310},[61,157302,258],{"class":93},[61,157304,157305],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157306,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157308,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,157310,75485],{"class":67},[61,157312,72],{"class":71},[61,157314,69922],{"class":67},[61,157316,1356],{"class":93},[61,157318,3035],{"class":75},[61,157320,1314],{"class":93},[61,157322,2552],{"class":75},[61,157324,1115],{"class":93},[61,157326,157327],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,157328,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157330,157331,157333,157335,157337],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,157332,90],{"class":89},[61,157334,94],{"class":93},[61,157336,75508],{"class":102},[61,157338,258],{"class":93},[61,157340,157341,157343,157345,157347],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,157342,90],{"class":89},[61,157344,94],{"class":93},[61,157346,36170],{"class":102},[61,157348,258],{"class":93},[20,157350,345],{},[52,157352,157354],{"className":54,"code":157353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157355,157356,157384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157357,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157359,94],{"class":93},[61,157361,3348],{"class":310},[61,157363,1101],{"class":314},[61,157365,3348],{"class":310},[61,157367,106],{"class":93},[61,157369,3343],{"class":310},[61,157371,1110],{"class":314},[61,157373,3348],{"class":310},[61,157375,106],{"class":93},[61,157377,3343],{"class":310},[61,157379,18795],{"class":314},[61,157381,3348],{"class":310},[61,157383,258],{"class":93},[61,157385,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157387,94],{"class":93},[61,157389,3348],{"class":310},[61,157391,221],{"class":314},[61,157393,3348],{"class":310},[61,157395,106],{"class":93},[61,157397,3343],{"class":310},[61,157399,1101],{"class":314},[61,157401,3348],{"class":310},[61,157403,106],{"class":93},[61,157405,3343],{"class":310},[61,157407,1110],{"class":314},[61,157409,3348],{"class":310},[61,157411,106],{"class":93},[61,157413,3343],{"class":310},[61,157415,18795],{"class":314},[61,157417,3348],{"class":310},[61,157419,106],{"class":93},[61,157421,3343],{"class":310},[61,157423,60272],{"class":314},[61,157425,3348],{"class":310},[61,157427,258],{"class":93},[20,157429,157430,157431,229],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[221,157432,147815],{"href":157433},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[47,157435,157437],{"id":157436},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157439,157440],{},"The full syntax is:",[52,157442,157444],{"className":54,"code":157443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157445,157446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157447,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157449,147833],{"class":67},[61,157451,1356],{"class":93},[61,157453,36099],{"class":67},[61,157455,1314],{"class":93},[61,157457,75252],{"class":67},[61,157459,1314],{"class":93},[61,157461,75255],{"class":67},[61,157463,1115],{"class":93},[20,157465,157466],{},"Each part has a job:",[164,157468,157469,157474,157479],{},[167,157470,157471,157473],{},[15,157472,36099],{},": where slicing begins",[167,157475,157476,157478],{},[15,157477,75252],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[167,157480,157481,157483],{},[15,157482,75255],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157485,157486],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157488,295],{},[52,157490,157492],{"className":54,"code":157491,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157493,157494,157526,157530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157495,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157497,3661],{"class":67},[61,157499,72],{"class":71},[61,157501,572],{"class":93},[61,157503,2379],{"class":75},[61,157505,106],{"class":93},[61,157507,7825],{"class":75},[61,157509,106],{"class":93},[61,157511,7830],{"class":75},[61,157513,106],{"class":93},[61,157515,50665],{"class":75},[61,157517,106],{"class":93},[61,157519,5121],{"class":75},[61,157521,106],{"class":93},[61,157523,75926],{"class":75},[61,157525,258],{"class":93},[61,157527,157528],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157529,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157531,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,157533,90],{"class":89},[61,157535,94],{"class":93},[61,157537,3691],{"class":102},[61,157539,1356],{"class":93},[61,157541,3035],{"class":75},[61,157543,1314],{"class":93},[61,157545,2192],{"class":75},[61,157547,1314],{"class":93},[61,157549,2113],{"class":75},[61,157551,1365],{"class":93},[20,157553,345],{},[52,157555,157557],{"className":54,"code":157556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157558,157559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157560,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157562,94],{"class":93},[61,157564,15782],{"class":75},[61,157566,106],{"class":93},[61,157568,50665],{"class":75},[61,157570,258],{"class":93},[20,157572,157573,157574,157576,157577,157579,157580,229],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157575,3035],{},", stops before index ",[15,157578,2192],{},", and moves by ",[15,157581,2113],{},[20,157583,157584,157585,229],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[221,157586,149488],{"href":152914},[47,157588,75842],{"id":75841},[20,157590,157591],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[260,157593,157595,157596,6004],{"id":157594},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157597,75856],{},[52,157599,157601],{"className":54,"code":157600,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157602,157603,157631,157635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157604,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157606,3661],{"class":67},[61,157608,72],{"class":71},[61,157610,572],{"class":93},[61,157612,2379],{"class":75},[61,157614,106],{"class":93},[61,157616,7825],{"class":75},[61,157618,106],{"class":93},[61,157620,7830],{"class":75},[61,157622,106],{"class":93},[61,157624,50665],{"class":75},[61,157626,106],{"class":93},[61,157628,5121],{"class":75},[61,157630,258],{"class":93},[61,157632,157633],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157634,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157636,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,157638,90],{"class":89},[61,157640,94],{"class":93},[61,157642,3691],{"class":102},[61,157644,75361],{"class":93},[61,157646,1046],{"class":75},[61,157648,1365],{"class":93},[20,157650,345],{},[52,157652,157653],{"className":54,"code":151180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,157654,157655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157656,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157658,94],{"class":93},[61,157660,2379],{"class":75},[61,157662,106],{"class":93},[61,157664,7825],{"class":75},[61,157666,106],{"class":93},[61,157668,7830],{"class":75},[61,157670,258],{"class":93},[260,157672,157674],{"id":157673},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[52,157676,157678],{"className":54,"code":157677,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157679,157680,157708,157712],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157681,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157683,3661],{"class":67},[61,157685,72],{"class":71},[61,157687,572],{"class":93},[61,157689,2379],{"class":75},[61,157691,106],{"class":93},[61,157693,7825],{"class":75},[61,157695,106],{"class":93},[61,157697,7830],{"class":75},[61,157699,106],{"class":93},[61,157701,50665],{"class":75},[61,157703,106],{"class":93},[61,157705,5121],{"class":75},[61,157707,258],{"class":93},[61,157709,157710],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157711,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157713,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,157715,90],{"class":89},[61,157717,94],{"class":93},[61,157719,3691],{"class":102},[61,157721,1356],{"class":93},[61,157723,2113],{"class":75},[61,157725,77542],{"class":93},[20,157727,345],{},[52,157729,157731],{"className":54,"code":157730,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157732,157733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157734,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157736,94],{"class":93},[61,157738,36869],{"class":75},[61,157740,106],{"class":93},[61,157742,50665],{"class":75},[61,157744,106],{"class":93},[61,157746,5121],{"class":75},[61,157748,258],{"class":93},[260,157750,157752],{"id":157751},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[52,157754,157756],{"className":54,"code":157755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157757,157758,157786,157790],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157759,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157761,3661],{"class":67},[61,157763,72],{"class":71},[61,157765,572],{"class":93},[61,157767,2379],{"class":75},[61,157769,106],{"class":93},[61,157771,7825],{"class":75},[61,157773,106],{"class":93},[61,157775,7830],{"class":75},[61,157777,106],{"class":93},[61,157779,50665],{"class":75},[61,157781,106],{"class":93},[61,157783,5121],{"class":75},[61,157785,258],{"class":93},[61,157787,157788],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157789,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157791,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,157793,90],{"class":89},[61,157795,94],{"class":93},[61,157797,3691],{"class":102},[61,157799,1356],{"class":93},[61,157801,3035],{"class":75},[61,157803,1314],{"class":93},[61,157805,2552],{"class":75},[61,157807,1365],{"class":93},[20,157809,345],{},[52,157811,157813],{"className":54,"code":157812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157814,157815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157816,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157818,94],{"class":93},[61,157820,15782],{"class":75},[61,157822,106],{"class":93},[61,157824,7830],{"class":75},[61,157826,106],{"class":93},[61,157828,50665],{"class":75},[61,157830,258],{"class":93},[260,157832,157834],{"id":157833},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[52,157836,157838],{"className":54,"code":157837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157839,157840,157872,157876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157841,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157843,3661],{"class":67},[61,157845,72],{"class":71},[61,157847,572],{"class":93},[61,157849,2379],{"class":75},[61,157851,106],{"class":93},[61,157853,7825],{"class":75},[61,157855,106],{"class":93},[61,157857,7830],{"class":75},[61,157859,106],{"class":93},[61,157861,50665],{"class":75},[61,157863,106],{"class":93},[61,157865,5121],{"class":75},[61,157867,106],{"class":93},[61,157869,75926],{"class":75},[61,157871,258],{"class":93},[61,157873,157874],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157875,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157877,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,157879,90],{"class":89},[61,157881,94],{"class":93},[61,157883,3691],{"class":102},[61,157885,73948],{"class":93},[61,157887,2113],{"class":75},[61,157889,1365],{"class":93},[20,157891,345],{},[52,157893,157895],{"className":54,"code":157894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157896,157897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157898,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157900,94],{"class":93},[61,157902,2379],{"class":75},[61,157904,106],{"class":93},[61,157906,7830],{"class":75},[61,157908,106],{"class":93},[61,157910,5121],{"class":75},[61,157912,258],{"class":93},[260,157914,157916],{"id":157915},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[52,157918,157920],{"className":54,"code":157919,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157921,157922,157950,157954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157923,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157925,3661],{"class":67},[61,157927,72],{"class":71},[61,157929,572],{"class":93},[61,157931,2379],{"class":75},[61,157933,106],{"class":93},[61,157935,7825],{"class":75},[61,157937,106],{"class":93},[61,157939,7830],{"class":75},[61,157941,106],{"class":93},[61,157943,50665],{"class":75},[61,157945,106],{"class":93},[61,157947,5121],{"class":75},[61,157949,258],{"class":93},[61,157951,157952],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,157953,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,157955,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,157957,90],{"class":89},[61,157959,94],{"class":93},[61,157961,3691],{"class":102},[61,157963,73948],{"class":93},[61,157965,2078],{"class":71},[61,157967,3035],{"class":75},[61,157969,1365],{"class":93},[20,157971,345],{},[52,157973,157975],{"className":54,"code":157974,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157976,157977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157978,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157980,94],{"class":93},[61,157982,76620],{"class":75},[61,157984,106],{"class":93},[61,157986,50665],{"class":75},[61,157988,106],{"class":93},[61,157990,7830],{"class":75},[61,157992,106],{"class":93},[61,157994,7825],{"class":75},[61,157996,106],{"class":93},[61,157998,6043],{"class":75},[61,158000,258],{"class":93},[47,158002,76136],{"id":76135},[20,158004,154187],{},[20,158006,158007],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[260,158009,158011],{"id":158010},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[52,158013,158015],{"className":54,"code":158014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158016,158017,158049,158053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158018,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158020,3661],{"class":67},[61,158022,72],{"class":71},[61,158024,572],{"class":93},[61,158026,2379],{"class":75},[61,158028,106],{"class":93},[61,158030,7825],{"class":75},[61,158032,106],{"class":93},[61,158034,7830],{"class":75},[61,158036,106],{"class":93},[61,158038,50665],{"class":75},[61,158040,106],{"class":93},[61,158042,5121],{"class":75},[61,158044,106],{"class":93},[61,158046,75926],{"class":75},[61,158048,258],{"class":93},[61,158050,158051],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158052,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158054,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158056,90],{"class":89},[61,158058,94],{"class":93},[61,158060,3691],{"class":102},[61,158062,1356],{"class":93},[61,158064,2078],{"class":71},[61,158066,1046],{"class":75},[61,158068,77542],{"class":93},[20,158070,345],{},[52,158072,158074],{"className":54,"code":158073,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158075,158076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158077,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158079,94],{"class":93},[61,158081,56516],{"class":75},[61,158083,106],{"class":93},[61,158085,5121],{"class":75},[61,158087,106],{"class":93},[61,158089,75926],{"class":75},[61,158091,258],{"class":93},[260,158093,158095],{"id":158094},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[52,158097,158099],{"className":54,"code":158098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158100,158101,158129,158133],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158102,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158104,3661],{"class":67},[61,158106,72],{"class":71},[61,158108,572],{"class":93},[61,158110,2379],{"class":75},[61,158112,106],{"class":93},[61,158114,7825],{"class":75},[61,158116,106],{"class":93},[61,158118,7830],{"class":75},[61,158120,106],{"class":93},[61,158122,50665],{"class":75},[61,158124,106],{"class":93},[61,158126,5121],{"class":75},[61,158128,258],{"class":93},[61,158130,158131],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158132,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158134,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158136,90],{"class":89},[61,158138,94],{"class":93},[61,158140,3691],{"class":102},[61,158142,75361],{"class":93},[61,158144,2078],{"class":71},[61,158146,3035],{"class":75},[61,158148,1365],{"class":93},[20,158150,345],{},[52,158152,158154],{"className":54,"code":158153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158155,158156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158157,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158159,94],{"class":93},[61,158161,2379],{"class":75},[61,158163,106],{"class":93},[61,158165,7825],{"class":75},[61,158167,106],{"class":93},[61,158169,7830],{"class":75},[61,158171,106],{"class":93},[61,158173,50665],{"class":75},[61,158175,258],{"class":93},[20,158177,158178,158179,229],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[221,158180,150737],{"href":157071},[47,158182,158184],{"id":158183},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158186,2034,158187,158189],{},[15,158188,75255],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[164,158191,158192,158194,158196,158202],{},[167,158193,76392],{},[167,158195,76395],{},[167,158197,158198,158201],{},[15,158199,158200],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[167,158203,158204,158205,158207],{},"A step of ",[15,158206,2175],{}," is not allowed",[20,158209,158210],{},"Example with a positive step:",[52,158212,158214],{"className":54,"code":158213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158215,158216,158248,158252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158217,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158219,3661],{"class":67},[61,158221,72],{"class":71},[61,158223,572],{"class":93},[61,158225,2379],{"class":75},[61,158227,106],{"class":93},[61,158229,7825],{"class":75},[61,158231,106],{"class":93},[61,158233,7830],{"class":75},[61,158235,106],{"class":93},[61,158237,50665],{"class":75},[61,158239,106],{"class":93},[61,158241,5121],{"class":75},[61,158243,106],{"class":93},[61,158245,75926],{"class":75},[61,158247,258],{"class":93},[61,158249,158250],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158251,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158253,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158255,90],{"class":89},[61,158257,94],{"class":93},[61,158259,3691],{"class":102},[61,158261,1356],{"class":93},[61,158263,3035],{"class":75},[61,158265,1314],{"class":93},[61,158267,80420],{"class":75},[61,158269,1314],{"class":93},[61,158271,2113],{"class":75},[61,158273,1365],{"class":93},[20,158275,345],{},[52,158277,158279],{"className":54,"code":158278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158280,158281],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158282,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158284,94],{"class":93},[61,158286,15782],{"class":75},[61,158288,106],{"class":93},[61,158290,50665],{"class":75},[61,158292,106],{"class":93},[61,158294,75926],{"class":75},[61,158296,258],{"class":93},[20,158298,158299],{},"Example with a negative step:",[52,158301,158303],{"className":54,"code":158302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158304,158305,158333,158337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158306,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158308,3661],{"class":67},[61,158310,72],{"class":71},[61,158312,572],{"class":93},[61,158314,2379],{"class":75},[61,158316,106],{"class":93},[61,158318,7825],{"class":75},[61,158320,106],{"class":93},[61,158322,7830],{"class":75},[61,158324,106],{"class":93},[61,158326,50665],{"class":75},[61,158328,106],{"class":93},[61,158330,5121],{"class":75},[61,158332,258],{"class":93},[61,158334,158335],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158336,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158338,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158340,90],{"class":89},[61,158342,94],{"class":93},[61,158344,3691],{"class":102},[61,158346,1356],{"class":93},[61,158348,2552],{"class":75},[61,158350,1314],{"class":93},[61,158352,3035],{"class":75},[61,158354,1314],{"class":93},[61,158356,2078],{"class":71},[61,158358,3035],{"class":75},[61,158360,1365],{"class":93},[20,158362,345],{},[52,158364,158366],{"className":54,"code":158365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158367,158368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158369,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158371,94],{"class":93},[61,158373,76620],{"class":75},[61,158375,106],{"class":93},[61,158377,50665],{"class":75},[61,158379,106],{"class":93},[61,158381,7830],{"class":75},[61,158383,258],{"class":93},[20,158385,158386],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[52,158388,158390],{"className":54,"code":158389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158391,158392,158412,158416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158393,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158395,3661],{"class":67},[61,158397,72],{"class":71},[61,158399,572],{"class":93},[61,158401,2379],{"class":75},[61,158403,106],{"class":93},[61,158405,7825],{"class":75},[61,158407,106],{"class":93},[61,158409,7830],{"class":75},[61,158411,258],{"class":93},[61,158413,158414],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158415,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158417,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426,158428],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158419,90],{"class":89},[61,158421,94],{"class":93},[61,158423,3691],{"class":102},[61,158425,73948],{"class":93},[61,158427,2175],{"class":75},[61,158429,1365],{"class":93},[20,158431,158432],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[47,158434,158436],{"id":158435},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158438,158439,158440,33771],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3784,158441,195],{},[260,158443,158445],{"id":158444},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[52,158447,158449],{"className":54,"code":158448,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158450,158451,158475,158479,158497,158501,158511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158452,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158454,3661],{"class":67},[61,158456,72],{"class":71},[61,158458,572],{"class":93},[61,158460,2379],{"class":75},[61,158462,106],{"class":93},[61,158464,7825],{"class":75},[61,158466,106],{"class":93},[61,158468,7830],{"class":75},[61,158470,106],{"class":93},[61,158472,50665],{"class":75},[61,158474,258],{"class":93},[61,158476,158477],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158478,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158480,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158482,1593],{"class":67},[61,158484,72],{"class":71},[61,158486,4303],{"class":67},[61,158488,1356],{"class":93},[61,158490,3035],{"class":75},[61,158492,1314],{"class":93},[61,158494,1046],{"class":75},[61,158496,1115],{"class":93},[61,158498,158499],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,158500,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158502,158503,158505,158507,158509],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,158504,90],{"class":89},[61,158506,94],{"class":93},[61,158508,1620],{"class":102},[61,158510,258],{"class":93},[61,158512,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,158514,90],{"class":89},[61,158516,94],{"class":93},[61,158518,657],{"class":109},[61,158520,94],{"class":93},[61,158522,1620],{"class":102},[61,158524,342],{"class":93},[20,158526,345],{},[52,158528,158530],{"className":54,"code":158529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158531,158532,158544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158533,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158535,94],{"class":93},[61,158537,15782],{"class":75},[61,158539,106],{"class":93},[61,158541,7830],{"class":75},[61,158543,258],{"class":93},[61,158545,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158547,3337],{"class":71},[61,158549,3340],{"class":882},[61,158551,3343],{"class":310},[61,158553,195],{"class":314},[61,158555,3348],{"class":310},[61,158557,3351],{"class":71},[260,158559,158561],{"id":158560},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[52,158563,158565],{"className":54,"code":158564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158566,158567,158587,158591,158609,158613,158623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158568,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158570,3661],{"class":67},[61,158572,72],{"class":71},[61,158574,572],{"class":93},[61,158576,2379],{"class":75},[61,158578,106],{"class":93},[61,158580,7825],{"class":75},[61,158582,106],{"class":93},[61,158584,7830],{"class":75},[61,158586,258],{"class":93},[61,158588,158589],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158590,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158592,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158594,1593],{"class":67},[61,158596,72],{"class":71},[61,158598,4303],{"class":67},[61,158600,1356],{"class":93},[61,158602,3035],{"class":75},[61,158604,1314],{"class":93},[61,158606,2113],{"class":75},[61,158608,1115],{"class":93},[61,158610,158611],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,158612,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158614,158615,158617,158619,158621],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,158616,90],{"class":89},[61,158618,94],{"class":93},[61,158620,1620],{"class":102},[61,158622,258],{"class":93},[61,158624,158625,158627,158629,158631,158633,158635],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,158626,90],{"class":89},[61,158628,94],{"class":93},[61,158630,657],{"class":109},[61,158632,94],{"class":93},[61,158634,1620],{"class":102},[61,158636,342],{"class":93},[20,158638,345],{},[52,158640,158642],{"className":54,"code":158641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158643,158644,158652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158645,158646,158648,158650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158647,94],{"class":93},[61,158649,15782],{"class":75},[61,158651,149171],{"class":93},[61,158653,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158655,3337],{"class":71},[61,158657,3340],{"class":882},[61,158659,3343],{"class":310},[61,158661,195],{"class":314},[61,158663,3348],{"class":310},[61,158665,3351],{"class":71},[260,158667,158669],{"id":158668},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[52,158671,158673],{"className":54,"code":158672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158674,158675,158695,158699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158676,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158678,3661],{"class":67},[61,158680,72],{"class":71},[61,158682,572],{"class":93},[61,158684,2379],{"class":75},[61,158686,106],{"class":93},[61,158688,7825],{"class":75},[61,158690,106],{"class":93},[61,158692,7830],{"class":75},[61,158694,258],{"class":93},[61,158696,158697],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158698,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158700,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158702,90],{"class":89},[61,158704,94],{"class":93},[61,158706,3691],{"class":102},[61,158708,1356],{"class":93},[61,158710,2192],{"class":75},[61,158712,1314],{"class":93},[61,158714,2394],{"class":75},[61,158716,1365],{"class":93},[20,158718,345],{},[52,158720,158721],{"className":54,"code":8676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,158722,158723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158724,158725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158726,8676],{"class":93},[20,158728,158729,158730,229],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[221,158731,155907],{"href":150794},[47,158733,158735],{"id":158734},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158737,158738],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[164,158740,158741,158743,158746,158751],{},[167,158742,76701],{},[167,158744,158745],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[167,158747,158748,158749],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158750,70557],{},[167,158752,158753],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158755,295],{},[52,158757,158759],{"className":54,"code":158758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158760,158761,158781,158785,158802,158823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158762,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158764,3661],{"class":67},[61,158766,72],{"class":71},[61,158768,572],{"class":93},[61,158770,2379],{"class":75},[61,158772,106],{"class":93},[61,158774,7825],{"class":75},[61,158776,106],{"class":93},[61,158778,7830],{"class":75},[61,158780,258],{"class":93},[61,158782,158783],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158784,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158786,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158788,90],{"class":89},[61,158790,94],{"class":93},[61,158792,3691],{"class":102},[61,158794,1356],{"class":93},[61,158796,3035],{"class":75},[61,158798,20473],{"class":93},[61,158800,158801],{"class":116},"    # one item\n",[61,158803,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,158805,90],{"class":89},[61,158807,94],{"class":93},[61,158809,3691],{"class":102},[61,158811,1356],{"class":93},[61,158813,3035],{"class":75},[61,158815,1314],{"class":93},[61,158817,2192],{"class":75},[61,158819,20473],{"class":93},[61,158821,158822],{"class":116},"  # slice\n",[61,158824,158825,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,158826,90],{"class":89},[61,158828,94],{"class":93},[61,158830,3691],{"class":102},[61,158832,1356],{"class":93},[61,158834,2192],{"class":75},[61,158836,1314],{"class":93},[61,158838,2394],{"class":75},[61,158840,20473],{"class":93},[61,158842,158843],{"class":116},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158845,345],{},[52,158847,158849],{"className":54,"code":158848,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158850,158851,158855,158867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158852,158853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158854,71050],{"class":75},[61,158856,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158858,94],{"class":93},[61,158860,15782],{"class":75},[61,158862,106],{"class":93},[61,158864,7830],{"class":75},[61,158866,258],{"class":93},[61,158868,158869],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158870,8676],{"class":93},[20,158872,158873],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[52,158875,158877],{"className":54,"code":158876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158878,158879,158899,158903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158880,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889,158891,158893,158895,158897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158882,3661],{"class":67},[61,158884,72],{"class":71},[61,158886,572],{"class":93},[61,158888,2379],{"class":75},[61,158890,106],{"class":93},[61,158892,7825],{"class":75},[61,158894,106],{"class":93},[61,158896,7830],{"class":75},[61,158898,258],{"class":93},[61,158900,158901],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158902,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158904,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158906,90],{"class":89},[61,158908,94],{"class":93},[61,158910,3691],{"class":102},[61,158912,1356],{"class":93},[61,158914,2192],{"class":75},[61,158916,1365],{"class":93},[20,158918,158919,158920,158922,158923,229],{},"This raises an ",[15,158921,70557],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[221,158924,154660],{"href":158925},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[47,158927,15204],{"id":76968},[20,158929,158930],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[164,158932,158933,158936,158938,158941],{},[167,158934,158935],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[167,158937,60517],{},[167,158939,158940],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[167,158942,158943,158944],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158945,2175],{},[20,158947,158948],{},"Here are a few examples.",[260,158950,158952],{"id":158951},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[52,158954,158955],{"className":54,"code":157755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,158956,158957,158985,158989],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158958,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158960,3661],{"class":67},[61,158962,72],{"class":71},[61,158964,572],{"class":93},[61,158966,2379],{"class":75},[61,158968,106],{"class":93},[61,158970,7825],{"class":75},[61,158972,106],{"class":93},[61,158974,7830],{"class":75},[61,158976,106],{"class":93},[61,158978,50665],{"class":75},[61,158980,106],{"class":93},[61,158982,5121],{"class":75},[61,158984,258],{"class":93},[61,158986,158987],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,158988,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,158990,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,158992,90],{"class":89},[61,158994,94],{"class":93},[61,158996,3691],{"class":102},[61,158998,1356],{"class":93},[61,159000,3035],{"class":75},[61,159002,1314],{"class":93},[61,159004,2552],{"class":75},[61,159006,1365],{"class":93},[20,159008,345],{},[52,159010,159011],{"className":54,"code":157812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159012,159013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159014,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159016,94],{"class":93},[61,159018,15782],{"class":75},[61,159020,106],{"class":93},[61,159022,7830],{"class":75},[61,159024,106],{"class":93},[61,159026,50665],{"class":75},[61,159028,258],{"class":93},[20,159030,132239,159031,159033],{},[15,159032,2552],{}," is not included.",[260,159035,159037],{"id":159036},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159039,4564],{},[52,159041,159043],{"className":54,"code":159042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159044,159045,159069,159073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159046,159047,159049,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159048,3661],{"class":67},[61,159050,72],{"class":71},[61,159052,572],{"class":93},[61,159054,2379],{"class":75},[61,159056,106],{"class":93},[61,159058,7825],{"class":75},[61,159060,106],{"class":93},[61,159062,7830],{"class":75},[61,159064,106],{"class":93},[61,159066,50665],{"class":75},[61,159068,258],{"class":93},[61,159070,159071],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159072,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,159074,159075],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,159076,159077],{"class":116},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159079,159080],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[52,159082,159083],{"className":54,"code":154740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159084,159085,159109,159113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159086,159087,159089,159091,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159088,3661],{"class":67},[61,159090,72],{"class":71},[61,159092,572],{"class":93},[61,159094,2379],{"class":75},[61,159096,106],{"class":93},[61,159098,7825],{"class":75},[61,159100,106],{"class":93},[61,159102,7830],{"class":75},[61,159104,106],{"class":93},[61,159106,50665],{"class":75},[61,159108,258],{"class":93},[61,159110,159111],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159112,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,159114,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,159116,90],{"class":89},[61,159118,94],{"class":93},[61,159120,3691],{"class":102},[61,159122,1356],{"class":93},[61,159124,3035],{"class":75},[61,159126,1314],{"class":93},[61,159128,1046],{"class":75},[61,159130,1365],{"class":93},[260,159132,159134],{"id":159133},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[52,159136,159138],{"className":54,"code":159137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159139,159140,159164,159168,159183,159187,159198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159141,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159143,3661],{"class":67},[61,159145,72],{"class":71},[61,159147,572],{"class":93},[61,159149,2379],{"class":75},[61,159151,106],{"class":93},[61,159153,7825],{"class":75},[61,159155,106],{"class":93},[61,159157,7830],{"class":75},[61,159159,106],{"class":93},[61,159161,50665],{"class":75},[61,159163,258],{"class":93},[61,159165,159166],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159167,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,159169,159170,159173,159175,159177,159179,159181],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,159171,159172],{"class":67},"slice_result ",[61,159174,72],{"class":71},[61,159176,4303],{"class":67},[61,159178,75361],{"class":93},[61,159180,2113],{"class":75},[61,159182,1115],{"class":93},[61,159184,159185],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,159186,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,159188,159189,159191,159193,159196],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,159190,90],{"class":89},[61,159192,94],{"class":93},[61,159194,159195],{"class":102},"slice_result",[61,159197,258],{"class":93},[61,159199,159200,159202,159204,159206],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,159201,90],{"class":89},[61,159203,94],{"class":93},[61,159205,3691],{"class":102},[61,159207,258],{"class":93},[20,159209,345],{},[52,159211,159213],{"className":54,"code":159212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159214,159215,159227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159216,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159218,94],{"class":93},[61,159220,2379],{"class":75},[61,159222,106],{"class":93},[61,159224,7825],{"class":75},[61,159226,258],{"class":93},[61,159228,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159230,94],{"class":93},[61,159232,2379],{"class":75},[61,159234,106],{"class":93},[61,159236,7825],{"class":75},[61,159238,106],{"class":93},[61,159240,7830],{"class":75},[61,159242,106],{"class":93},[61,159244,50665],{"class":75},[61,159246,258],{"class":93},[20,159248,159249],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[47,159251,113553],{"id":113552},[20,159253,159254],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[164,159256,159257,159260,159263,159269,159272],{},[167,159258,159259],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[167,159261,159262],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[167,159264,159265,159266],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159267,159268],{},"tuple[::0]",[167,159270,159271],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[167,159273,159274],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159276,159277],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[52,159279,159281],{"className":54,"code":159280,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159282,159283,159293,159311,159333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159284,159285,159287,159289,159291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159286,90],{"class":89},[61,159288,94],{"class":93},[61,159290,147833],{"class":102},[61,159292,258],{"class":93},[61,159294,159295,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159296,90],{"class":89},[61,159298,94],{"class":93},[61,159300,147833],{"class":102},[61,159302,1356],{"class":93},[61,159304,3035],{"class":75},[61,159306,1314],{"class":93},[61,159308,2552],{"class":75},[61,159310,1365],{"class":93},[61,159312,159313,159315,159317,159319,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,159314,90],{"class":89},[61,159316,94],{"class":93},[61,159318,657],{"class":109},[61,159320,94],{"class":93},[61,159322,147833],{"class":102},[61,159324,1356],{"class":93},[61,159326,3035],{"class":75},[61,159328,1314],{"class":93},[61,159330,2552],{"class":75},[61,159332,1518],{"class":93},[61,159334,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,159336,90],{"class":89},[61,159338,94],{"class":93},[61,159340,11191],{"class":89},[61,159342,94],{"class":93},[61,159344,147833],{"class":102},[61,159346,342],{"class":93},[20,159348,11200],{},[164,159350,159351,159353,159356,159359],{},[167,159352,155047],{},[167,159354,159355],{},"what the slice actually returns",[167,159357,159358],{},"that the result is a tuple",[167,159360,159361],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[47,159363,1879],{"id":1878},[260,159365,159367],{"id":159366},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159369,159370],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[260,159372,159374],{"id":159373},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159376,159377],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[260,159379,1883,159381,39988],{"id":159380},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159382,158200],{},[20,159384,159385],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[260,159387,159389,159390,1916],{"id":159388},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159391,70557],{},[20,159393,159394,159395,229],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159396,70557],{},[47,159398,1938],{"id":1937},[164,159400,159401,159405,159409,159413,159417],{},[167,159402,159403],{},[221,159404,155907],{"href":150794},[167,159406,159407],{},[221,159408,149488],{"href":152914},[167,159410,159411],{},[221,159412,150737],{"href":157071},[167,159414,159415],{},[221,159416,147815],{"href":157433},[167,159418,159419],{},[221,159420,154660],{"href":158925},[1969,159422,159423],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":159425},[159426,159427,159428,159429,159437,159441,159442,159447,159448,159453,159454,159462],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":157233,"depth":79,"text":157234},{"id":157436,"depth":79,"text":157437},{"id":75841,"depth":79,"text":75842,"children":159430},[159431,159433,159434,159435,159436],{"id":157594,"depth":86,"text":159432},"Get the first n items",{"id":157673,"depth":86,"text":157674},{"id":157751,"depth":86,"text":157752},{"id":157833,"depth":86,"text":157834},{"id":157915,"depth":86,"text":157916},{"id":76135,"depth":79,"text":76136,"children":159438},[159439,159440],{"id":158010,"depth":86,"text":158011},{"id":158094,"depth":86,"text":158095},{"id":158183,"depth":79,"text":158184},{"id":158435,"depth":79,"text":158436,"children":159443},[159444,159445,159446],{"id":158444,"depth":86,"text":158445},{"id":158560,"depth":86,"text":158561},{"id":158668,"depth":86,"text":158669},{"id":158734,"depth":79,"text":158735},{"id":76968,"depth":79,"text":15204,"children":159449},[159450,159451,159452],{"id":158951,"depth":86,"text":158952},{"id":159036,"depth":86,"text":159037},{"id":159133,"depth":86,"text":159134},{"id":113552,"depth":79,"text":113553},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":159455},[159456,159457,159458,159460],{"id":159366,"depth":86,"text":159367},{"id":159373,"depth":86,"text":159374},{"id":159380,"depth":86,"text":159459},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159388,"depth":86,"text":159461},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157077,"description":159463},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159470,"title":159471,"body":159472,"description":161295,"extension":2017,"meta":161296,"navigation":82,"path":34837,"seo":161297,"stem":161298,"__hash__":161299},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159473,"toc":161261},[159474,159479,159484,159488,159506,159509,159524,159530,159532,159589,159591,159623,159635,159641,159646,159649,159684,159690,159692,159695,159709,159712,159714,159737,159739,159757,159760,159776,159778,159781,159894,159896,159985,159988,159993,159999,160002,160005,160104,160106,160165,160170,160173,160242,160246,160278,160294,160299,160306,160313,160325,160327,160376,160378,160401,160407,160455,160460,160467,160475,160481,160484,160508,160511,160513,160589,160591,160616,160622,160625,160630,160634,160648,160650,160713,160715,160747,160750,160766,160768,160774,160781,160783,160802,160804,160822,160829,160834,160841,160843,160880,160883,160890,160894,160897,160955,160958,160961,161016,161018,161030,161036,161038,161042,161075,161082,161084,161147,161150,161152,161157,161171,161178,161186,161195,161204,161210,161216,161218,161258],[10,159475,13,159477,18],{"id":159476},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159478,44],{},[20,159480,32346,159481,159483],{},[15,159482,44],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159485,62592,159486,104397],{},[15,159487,44],{},[164,159489,159490,159493,159496,159499],{},[167,159491,159492],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[167,159494,159495],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[167,159497,159498],{},"debug confusing code",[167,159500,159501,159502],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[221,159503,159504],{"href":8252},[15,159505,3005],{},[20,159507,159508],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[52,159510,159512],{"className":54,"code":159511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"type(object)\n",[15,159513,159514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159515,159516,159518,159520,159522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159517,657],{"class":109},[61,159519,94],{"class":93},[61,159521,250],{"class":109},[61,159523,258],{"class":93},[20,159525,159526,159527,159529],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159528,44],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[47,159531,50],{"id":49},[52,159533,159535],{"className":54,"code":159534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159536,159537,159549,159563,159567,159575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159538,159539,159541,159543,159545,159547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159540,305],{"class":67},[61,159542,72],{"class":71},[61,159544,311],{"class":310},[61,159546,5044],{"class":314},[61,159548,318],{"class":310},[61,159550,159551,159553,159555,159557,159559,159561],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159552,90],{"class":89},[61,159554,94],{"class":93},[61,159556,657],{"class":109},[61,159558,94],{"class":93},[61,159560,335],{"class":102},[61,159562,342],{"class":93},[61,159564,159565],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,159566,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,159568,159569,159571,159573],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,159570,2269],{"class":67},[61,159572,72],{"class":71},[61,159574,76],{"class":75},[61,159576,159577,159579,159581,159583,159585,159587],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,159578,90],{"class":89},[61,159580,94],{"class":93},[61,159582,657],{"class":109},[61,159584,94],{"class":93},[61,159586,1271],{"class":102},[61,159588,342],{"class":93},[20,159590,345],{},[52,159592,159593],{"className":54,"code":124900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159594,159595,159609],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159596,159597,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159598,3337],{"class":71},[61,159600,3340],{"class":882},[61,159602,3343],{"class":310},[61,159604,185],{"class":314},[61,159606,3348],{"class":310},[61,159608,3351],{"class":71},[61,159610,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159612,3337],{"class":71},[61,159614,3340],{"class":882},[61,159616,3343],{"class":310},[61,159618,189],{"class":314},[61,159620,3348],{"class":310},[61,159622,3351],{"class":71},[20,159624,143,159625,159628,159629,749,159632,229],{},[15,159626,159627],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159630,159631],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159633,159634],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[47,159636,13022,159638,159640],{"id":159637},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159639,44],{}," function does",[20,159642,159643,159645],{},[15,159644,44],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159647,159648],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[164,159650,159651,159656,159661,159666,159671,159676],{},[167,159652,159653,159655],{},[15,159654,185],{}," for text",[167,159657,159658,159660],{},[15,159659,189],{}," for whole numbers",[167,159662,159663,159665],{},[15,159664,2245],{}," for decimal numbers",[167,159667,159668,159670],{},[15,159669,192],{}," for lists",[167,159672,159673,159675],{},[15,159674,199],{}," for dictionaries",[167,159677,159678,68921,159680,749,159682],{},[15,159679,3909],{},[15,159681,30],{},[15,159683,34],{},[20,159685,159686,159687,159689],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159688,44],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[47,159691,233],{"id":232},[20,159693,159694],{},"The main beginner form is:",[52,159696,159697],{"className":54,"code":159511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159698,159699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159700,159701,159703,159705,159707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159702,657],{"class":109},[61,159704,94],{"class":93},[61,159706,250],{"class":109},[61,159708,258],{"class":93},[20,159710,159711],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159713,295],{},[52,159715,159717],{"className":54,"code":159716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159718,159719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159720,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729,159731,159733,159735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159722,90],{"class":89},[61,159724,94],{"class":93},[61,159726,657],{"class":109},[61,159728,94],{"class":93},[61,159730,1010],{"class":310},[61,159732,457],{"class":314},[61,159734,1010],{"class":310},[61,159736,342],{"class":93},[20,159738,345],{},[52,159740,159741],{"className":54,"code":45785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,159742,159743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159744,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159746,3337],{"class":71},[61,159748,3340],{"class":882},[61,159750,3343],{"class":310},[61,159752,185],{"class":314},[61,159754,3348],{"class":310},[61,159756,3351],{"class":71},[20,159758,159759],{},"You can pass either:",[164,159761,159762,159769],{},[167,159763,159764,159765,31,159767],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159766,64360],{},[15,159768,1225],{},[167,159770,159771,159772,31,159774],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159773,335],{},[15,159775,9331],{},[47,159777,121712],{"id":121711},[20,159779,159780],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[52,159782,159784],{"className":54,"code":159783,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159785,159786,159804,159818,159832,159854,159880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159787,159788,159790,159792,159794,159796,159798,159800,159802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159789,90],{"class":89},[61,159791,94],{"class":93},[61,159793,657],{"class":109},[61,159795,94],{"class":93},[61,159797,1010],{"class":310},[61,159799,457],{"class":314},[61,159801,1010],{"class":310},[61,159803,342],{"class":93},[61,159805,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159807,90],{"class":89},[61,159809,94],{"class":93},[61,159811,657],{"class":109},[61,159813,94],{"class":93},[61,159815,2379],{"class":75},[61,159817,342],{"class":93},[61,159819,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,159821,90],{"class":89},[61,159823,94],{"class":93},[61,159825,657],{"class":109},[61,159827,94],{"class":93},[61,159829,40170],{"class":75},[61,159831,342],{"class":93},[61,159833,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,159835,90],{"class":89},[61,159837,94],{"class":93},[61,159839,657],{"class":109},[61,159841,3032],{"class":93},[61,159843,3035],{"class":75},[61,159845,106],{"class":93},[61,159847,3040],{"class":75},[61,159849,106],{"class":93},[61,159851,1020],{"class":75},[61,159853,1518],{"class":93},[61,159855,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,159857,90],{"class":89},[61,159859,94],{"class":93},[61,159861,657],{"class":109},[61,159863,5567],{"class":93},[61,159865,1010],{"class":310},[61,159867,335],{"class":314},[61,159869,1010],{"class":310},[61,159871,1314],{"class":93},[61,159873,311],{"class":310},[61,159875,5044],{"class":314},[61,159877,1010],{"class":310},[61,159879,5576],{"class":93},[61,159881,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,159883,90],{"class":89},[61,159885,94],{"class":93},[61,159887,657],{"class":109},[61,159889,94],{"class":93},[61,159891,30],{"class":355},[61,159893,342],{"class":93},[20,159895,345],{},[52,159897,159899],{"className":54,"code":159898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159900,159901,159915,159929,159943,159957,159971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159902,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159904,3337],{"class":71},[61,159906,3340],{"class":882},[61,159908,3343],{"class":310},[61,159910,185],{"class":314},[61,159912,3348],{"class":310},[61,159914,3351],{"class":71},[61,159916,159917,159919,159921,159923,159925,159927],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,159918,3337],{"class":71},[61,159920,3340],{"class":882},[61,159922,3343],{"class":310},[61,159924,189],{"class":314},[61,159926,3348],{"class":310},[61,159928,3351],{"class":71},[61,159930,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939,159941],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,159932,3337],{"class":71},[61,159934,3340],{"class":882},[61,159936,3343],{"class":310},[61,159938,2245],{"class":314},[61,159940,3348],{"class":310},[61,159942,3351],{"class":71},[61,159944,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,159946,3337],{"class":71},[61,159948,3340],{"class":882},[61,159950,3343],{"class":310},[61,159952,192],{"class":314},[61,159954,3348],{"class":310},[61,159956,3351],{"class":71},[61,159958,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,159960,3337],{"class":71},[61,159962,3340],{"class":882},[61,159964,3343],{"class":310},[61,159966,199],{"class":314},[61,159968,3348],{"class":310},[61,159970,3351],{"class":71},[61,159972,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,159974,3337],{"class":71},[61,159976,3340],{"class":882},[61,159978,3343],{"class":310},[61,159980,3909],{"class":314},[61,159982,3348],{"class":310},[61,159984,3351],{"class":71},[20,159986,159987],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159989,159990,159991,229],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[221,159992,224],{"href":223},[47,159994,8449,159996,159998],{"id":159995},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159997,44],{}," with variables",[20,160000,160001],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160003,160004],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[52,160006,160008],{"className":54,"code":160007,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160009,160010,160018,160036,160040,160052,160070,160074,160086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160011,160012,160014,160016],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160013,68],{"class":67},[61,160015,72],{"class":71},[61,160017,76],{"class":75},[61,160019,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160021,90],{"class":89},[61,160023,94],{"class":93},[61,160025,103],{"class":102},[61,160027,106],{"class":93},[61,160029,676],{"class":109},[61,160031,94],{"class":93},[61,160033,103],{"class":102},[61,160035,342],{"class":93},[61,160037,160038],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160039,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160041,160042,160044,160046,160048,160050],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,160043,68],{"class":67},[61,160045,72],{"class":71},[61,160047,311],{"class":310},[61,160049,45922],{"class":314},[61,160051,318],{"class":310},[61,160053,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066,160068],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,160055,90],{"class":89},[61,160057,94],{"class":93},[61,160059,103],{"class":102},[61,160061,106],{"class":93},[61,160063,676],{"class":109},[61,160065,94],{"class":93},[61,160067,103],{"class":102},[61,160069,342],{"class":93},[61,160071,160072],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,160073,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160075,160076,160078,160080,160082,160084],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,160077,68],{"class":67},[61,160079,72],{"class":71},[61,160081,1088],{"class":93},[61,160083,2379],{"class":75},[61,160085,1115],{"class":93},[61,160087,160088,160090,160092,160094,160096,160098,160100,160102],{"class":63,"line":978},[61,160089,90],{"class":89},[61,160091,94],{"class":93},[61,160093,103],{"class":102},[61,160095,106],{"class":93},[61,160097,676],{"class":109},[61,160099,94],{"class":93},[61,160101,103],{"class":102},[61,160103,342],{"class":93},[20,160105,345],{},[52,160107,160109],{"className":54,"code":160108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160110,160111,160128,160145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160112,160113,160115,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160114,2379],{"class":75},[61,160116,160117],{"class":71}," \u003C",[61,160119,3340],{"class":882},[61,160121,3343],{"class":310},[61,160123,189],{"class":314},[61,160125,3348],{"class":310},[61,160127,3351],{"class":71},[61,160129,160130,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160131,160132],{"class":67},"ten ",[61,160134,3337],{"class":71},[61,160136,3340],{"class":882},[61,160138,3343],{"class":310},[61,160140,185],{"class":314},[61,160142,3348],{"class":310},[61,160144,3351],{"class":71},[61,160146,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160148,1356],{"class":93},[61,160150,2379],{"class":75},[61,160152,13300],{"class":93},[61,160154,160117],{"class":71},[61,160156,3340],{"class":882},[61,160158,3343],{"class":310},[61,160160,192],{"class":314},[61,160162,3348],{"class":310},[61,160164,3351],{"class":71},[20,160166,160167,160169],{},[15,160168,44],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160171,160172],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[52,160174,160176],{"className":54,"code":160175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160177,160178,160196,160210,160214,160228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160179,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160181,3439],{"class":67},[61,160183,72],{"class":71},[61,160185,8275],{"class":89},[61,160187,94],{"class":93},[61,160189,1010],{"class":310},[61,160191,41895],{"class":314},[61,160193,1010],{"class":310},[61,160195,258],{"class":93},[61,160197,160198,160200,160202,160204,160206,160208],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160199,90],{"class":89},[61,160201,94],{"class":93},[61,160203,657],{"class":109},[61,160205,94],{"class":93},[61,160207,3465],{"class":102},[61,160209,342],{"class":93},[61,160211,160212],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160213,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160215,160216,160218,160220,160222,160224,160226],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,160217,122824],{"class":67},[61,160219,72],{"class":71},[61,160221,110],{"class":109},[61,160223,94],{"class":93},[61,160225,3465],{"class":102},[61,160227,258],{"class":93},[61,160229,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,160231,90],{"class":89},[61,160233,94],{"class":93},[61,160235,657],{"class":109},[61,160237,94],{"class":93},[61,160239,122847],{"class":102},[61,160241,342],{"class":93},[20,160243,41146,160244,41150],{},[15,160245,9226],{},[52,160247,160248],{"className":54,"code":124900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,160249,160250,160264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160251,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260,160262],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160253,3337],{"class":71},[61,160255,3340],{"class":882},[61,160257,3343],{"class":310},[61,160259,185],{"class":314},[61,160261,3348],{"class":310},[61,160263,3351],{"class":71},[61,160265,160266,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160267,3337],{"class":71},[61,160269,3340],{"class":882},[61,160271,3343],{"class":310},[61,160273,189],{"class":314},[61,160275,3348],{"class":310},[61,160277,3351],{"class":71},[20,160279,45718,160280,160284,160285,31,160289,160293],{},[221,160281,160282],{"href":8252},[15,160283,3005],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[221,160286,160287],{"href":2923},[15,160288,2926],{},[221,160290,160291],{"href":2929},[15,160292,2932],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160295,160296,160297,229],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[221,160298,9014],{"href":9013},[47,160300,160302,741,160304],{"id":160301},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160303,44],{},[15,160305,17],{},[20,160307,160308,749,160310,160312],{},[15,160309,44],{},[15,160311,17],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[164,160314,160315,160320],{},[167,160316,160317,160319],{},[15,160318,44],{}," tells you the exact type",[167,160321,160322,160324],{},[15,160323,17],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160326,295],{},[52,160328,160330],{"className":54,"code":160329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160331,160332,160340,160344,160358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160333,160334,160336,160338],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160335,68],{"class":67},[61,160337,72],{"class":71},[61,160339,1493],{"class":75},[61,160341,160342],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160343,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160345,160346,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160347,90],{"class":89},[61,160349,94],{"class":93},[61,160351,657],{"class":109},[61,160353,94],{"class":93},[61,160355,103],{"class":102},[61,160357,342],{"class":93},[61,160359,160360,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,160361,90],{"class":89},[61,160363,94],{"class":93},[61,160365,97],{"class":89},[61,160367,94],{"class":93},[61,160369,103],{"class":102},[61,160371,106],{"class":93},[61,160373,110],{"class":109},[61,160375,342],{"class":93},[20,160377,345],{},[52,160379,160381],{"className":54,"code":160380,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160382,160383,160397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160384,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393,160395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160386,3337],{"class":71},[61,160388,3340],{"class":882},[61,160390,3343],{"class":310},[61,160392,189],{"class":314},[61,160394,3348],{"class":310},[61,160396,3351],{"class":71},[61,160398,160399],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160400,348],{"class":355},[20,160402,160403,160404,160406],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160405,17],{}," is more practical.",[52,160408,160410],{"className":54,"code":160409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160411,160412,160420,160424,160440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160413,160414,160416,160418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160415,68],{"class":67},[61,160417,72],{"class":71},[61,160419,1493],{"class":75},[61,160421,160422],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160423,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160425,160426,160428,160430,160432,160434,160436,160438],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160427,1124],{"class":672},[61,160429,911],{"class":89},[61,160431,94],{"class":93},[61,160433,103],{"class":102},[61,160435,106],{"class":93},[61,160437,110],{"class":109},[61,160439,900],{"class":93},[61,160441,160442,160444,160446,160448,160451,160453],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,160443,1141],{"class":89},[61,160445,94],{"class":93},[61,160447,1010],{"class":310},[61,160449,160450],{"class":314},"This is an integer",[61,160452,1010],{"class":310},[61,160454,258],{"class":93},[20,160456,143,160457,160459],{},[15,160458,44],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160461,143,160462,160464,160465,7206],{},[15,160463,17],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160466,1124],{},[20,160468,160469,160470,229],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[221,160471,13,160473,1947],{"href":160472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160474,17],{},[47,160476,160478,160479],{"id":160477},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160480,44],{},[20,160482,160483],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[52,160485,160487],{"className":54,"code":160486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160488,160489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160490,160491,160493,160495,160497,160499,160502,160504,160506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160492,657],{"class":109},[61,160494,94],{"class":93},[61,160496,335],{"class":102},[61,160498,106],{"class":93},[61,160500,160501],{"class":102}," bases",[61,160503,106],{"class":93},[61,160505,1343],{"class":109},[61,160507,258],{"class":93},[20,160509,160510],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160512,295],{},[52,160514,160516],{"className":54,"code":160515,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160517,160518,160561,160565,160575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160519,160520,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531,160534,160536,160538,160541,160543,160545,160548,160550,160552,160554,160557,160559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160521,160522],{"class":67},"Person ",[61,160524,72],{"class":71},[61,160526,676],{"class":109},[61,160528,94],{"class":93},[61,160530,1010],{"class":310},[61,160532,160533],{"class":314},"Person",[61,160535,1010],{"class":310},[61,160537,106],{"class":93},[61,160539,160540],{"class":93}," (),",[61,160542,1305],{"class":93},[61,160544,1010],{"class":310},[61,160546,160547],{"class":314},"species",[61,160549,1010],{"class":310},[61,160551,1314],{"class":93},[61,160553,311],{"class":310},[61,160555,160556],{"class":314},"human",[61,160558,1010],{"class":310},[61,160560,30524],{"class":93},[61,160562,160563],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160564,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160566,160567,160569,160571,160573],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160568,90],{"class":89},[61,160570,94],{"class":93},[61,160572,160533],{"class":102},[61,160574,258],{"class":93},[61,160576,160577,160579,160581,160583,160585,160587],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,160578,90],{"class":89},[61,160580,94],{"class":93},[61,160582,160533],{"class":102},[61,160584,229],{"class":93},[61,160586,160547],{"class":24778},[61,160588,258],{"class":93},[20,160590,345],{},[52,160592,160594],{"className":54,"code":160593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160595,160596,160611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160597,160598,160600,160602,160604,160607,160609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160599,3337],{"class":71},[61,160601,3340],{"class":882},[61,160603,3343],{"class":310},[61,160605,160606],{"class":314},"__main__.Person",[61,160608,3348],{"class":310},[61,160610,3351],{"class":71},[61,160612,160613],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160614,160615],{"class":67},"human\n",[20,160617,160618,160619,160621],{},"Most beginners do ",[3784,160620,4670],{}," need this form.",[20,160623,160624],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[47,160626,5001,160628],{"id":160627},"when-to-use-type",[15,160629,44],{},[20,160631,160632,12471],{},[15,160633,44],{},[164,160635,160636,160639,160642,160645],{},[167,160637,160638],{},"debug unexpected values",[167,160640,160641],{},"check what a conversion produced",[167,160643,160644],{},"learn Python data types",[167,160646,160647],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160649,5509],{},[52,160651,160653],{"className":54,"code":160652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160654,160655,160667,160681,160685,160699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160656,160657,160659,160661,160663,160665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160658,450],{"class":67},[61,160660,72],{"class":71},[61,160662,311],{"class":310},[61,160664,1586],{"class":314},[61,160666,318],{"class":310},[61,160668,160669,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160670,2269],{"class":67},[61,160672,72],{"class":71},[61,160674,110],{"class":109},[61,160676,94],{"class":93},[61,160678,476],{"class":102},[61,160680,258],{"class":93},[61,160682,160683],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160684,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160686,160687,160689,160691,160693,160695,160697],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,160688,90],{"class":89},[61,160690,94],{"class":93},[61,160692,657],{"class":109},[61,160694,94],{"class":93},[61,160696,476],{"class":102},[61,160698,342],{"class":93},[61,160700,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,160702,90],{"class":89},[61,160704,94],{"class":93},[61,160706,657],{"class":109},[61,160708,94],{"class":93},[61,160710,1271],{"class":102},[61,160712,342],{"class":93},[20,160714,345],{},[52,160716,160717],{"className":54,"code":124900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,160718,160719,160733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160720,160721,160723,160725,160727,160729,160731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160722,3337],{"class":71},[61,160724,3340],{"class":882},[61,160726,3343],{"class":310},[61,160728,185],{"class":314},[61,160730,3348],{"class":310},[61,160732,3351],{"class":71},[61,160734,160735,160737,160739,160741,160743,160745],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160736,3337],{"class":71},[61,160738,3340],{"class":882},[61,160740,3343],{"class":310},[61,160742,189],{"class":314},[61,160744,3348],{"class":310},[61,160746,3351],{"class":71},[20,160748,160749],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160751,160752,160753,186,160757,196,160761,160765],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[221,160754,160755],{"href":42198},[15,160756,47696],{},[221,160758,160759],{"href":2923},[15,160760,2926],{},[221,160762,160763],{"href":2929},[15,160764,2932],{}," are often the next step.",[47,160767,25386],{"id":25385},[20,160769,160770,160771,160773],{},"A few things about ",[15,160772,44],{}," often confuse beginners.",[260,160775,160777,160780],{"id":160776},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160778,160779],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160782,64469],{},[52,160784,160786],{"className":54,"code":160785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160787,160788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160789,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160791,90],{"class":89},[61,160793,94],{"class":93},[61,160795,657],{"class":109},[61,160797,94],{"class":93},[61,160799,2192],{"class":75},[61,160801,342],{"class":93},[20,160803,122743],{},[52,160805,160806],{"className":54,"code":156255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,160807,160808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160809,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160811,3337],{"class":71},[61,160813,3340],{"class":882},[61,160815,3343],{"class":310},[61,160817,189],{"class":314},[61,160819,3348],{"class":310},[61,160821,3351],{"class":71},[20,160823,40931,160824,160826,160827,229],{},[3784,160825,4670],{}," print just ",[15,160828,189],{},[20,160830,6711,160831,160833],{},[15,160832,44],{}," returns a class object.",[260,160835,160837,2446,160839],{"id":160836},"input-returns-str",[15,160838,3005],{},[15,160840,185],{},[20,160842,79368],{},[52,160844,160846],{"className":54,"code":160845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160847,160848,160866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160849,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160851,68],{"class":67},[61,160853,72],{"class":71},[61,160855,8275],{"class":89},[61,160857,94],{"class":93},[61,160859,1010],{"class":310},[61,160861,46325],{"class":314},[61,160863,1010],{"class":310},[61,160865,258],{"class":93},[61,160867,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876,160878],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160869,90],{"class":89},[61,160871,94],{"class":93},[61,160873,657],{"class":109},[61,160875,94],{"class":93},[61,160877,103],{"class":102},[61,160879,342],{"class":93},[20,160881,160882],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160884,160885,160886,31,160888,229],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160887,2926],{},[15,160889,2932],{},[260,160891,160893],{"id":160892},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160895,160896],{},"Avoid code like this:",[52,160898,160900],{"className":54,"code":160899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160901,160902,160910,160914,160940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160903,160904,160906,160908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160905,68],{"class":67},[61,160907,72],{"class":71},[61,160909,1493],{"class":75},[61,160911,160912],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160913,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160915,160916,160918,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936,160938],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160917,1124],{"class":672},[61,160919,135],{"class":109},[61,160921,94],{"class":93},[61,160923,657],{"class":109},[61,160925,94],{"class":93},[61,160927,103],{"class":102},[61,160929,113],{"class":93},[61,160931,667],{"class":71},[61,160933,311],{"class":310},[61,160935,159634],{"class":314},[61,160937,1010],{"class":310},[61,160939,6433],{"class":93},[61,160941,160942,160944,160946,160948,160951,160953],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,160943,1141],{"class":89},[61,160945,94],{"class":93},[61,160947,1010],{"class":310},[61,160949,160950],{"class":314},"It is an int",[61,160952,1010],{"class":310},[61,160954,258],{"class":93},[20,160956,160957],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160959,160960],{},"Better options:",[52,160962,160964],{"className":54,"code":160963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160965,160966,160974,160978,160998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160967,160968,160970,160972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160969,68],{"class":67},[61,160971,72],{"class":71},[61,160973,1493],{"class":75},[61,160975,160976],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,160977,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,160979,160980,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,160981,90],{"class":89},[61,160983,94],{"class":93},[61,160985,657],{"class":109},[61,160987,94],{"class":93},[61,160989,103],{"class":102},[61,160991,664],{"class":93},[61,160993,667],{"class":71},[61,160995,110],{"class":109},[61,160997,258],{"class":93},[61,160999,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,161001,90],{"class":89},[61,161003,94],{"class":93},[61,161005,97],{"class":89},[61,161007,94],{"class":93},[61,161009,103],{"class":102},[61,161011,106],{"class":93},[61,161013,110],{"class":109},[61,161015,342],{"class":93},[20,161017,345],{},[52,161019,161020],{"className":54,"code":4545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,161021,161022,161026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161023,161024],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161025,348],{"class":355},[61,161027,161028],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,161029,348],{"class":355},[20,161031,161032,161033,161035],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161034,17],{}," is the more useful check.",[47,161037,2878],{"id":2877},[20,161039,14760,161040,1314],{},[15,161041,44],{},[164,161043,161044,161054,161063,161072],{},[167,161045,8449,161046,161048,161049,161053],{},[15,161047,44],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[221,161050,161051],{"href":8252},[15,161052,3005],{}," always returns a string",[167,161055,8485,161056,161058,161059,1395,161061],{},[15,161057,44],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161060,189],{},[15,161062,159634],{},[167,161064,8449,161065,44649,161068,161071],{},[15,161066,161067],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161069,161070],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[167,161073,161074],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161076,161077,161078,229],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[221,161079,161081],{"href":161080},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161083,144409],{},[52,161085,161087],{"className":54,"code":161086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161088,161089,161103,161113,161127,161137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161090,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161092,90],{"class":89},[61,161094,94],{"class":93},[61,161096,657],{"class":109},[61,161098,94],{"class":93},[61,161100,103],{"class":102},[61,161102,342],{"class":93},[61,161104,161105,161107,161109,161111],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,161106,90],{"class":89},[61,161108,94],{"class":93},[61,161110,103],{"class":102},[61,161112,258],{"class":93},[61,161114,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123,161125],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,161116,90],{"class":89},[61,161118,94],{"class":93},[61,161120,1804],{"class":89},[61,161122,94],{"class":93},[61,161124,103],{"class":102},[61,161126,342],{"class":93},[61,161128,161129,161131,161133,161135],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,161130,32181],{"class":89},[61,161132,94],{"class":93},[61,161134,657],{"class":109},[61,161136,258],{"class":93},[61,161138,161139,161141,161143,161145],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,161140,34402],{"class":89},[61,161142,94],{"class":93},[61,161144,103],{"class":102},[61,161146,258],{"class":93},[20,161148,161149],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[47,161151,1879],{"id":1878},[260,161153,1883,161155,1886],{"id":161154},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161156,44],{},[20,161158,161159,161160,186,161162,186,161164,283,161166,161168,161169,229],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161161,185],{},[15,161163,189],{},[15,161165,192],{},[15,161167,199],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161170,159631],{},[260,161172,14930,161174,57029,161176,1916],{"id":161173},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161175,44],{},[15,161177,17],{},[20,161179,46380,161180,161182,161183,161185],{},[15,161181,44],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161184,17],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[260,161187,5196,161189,161192,161193,1916],{"id":161188},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161190,161191],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161194,185],{},[20,161196,29088,161197,161199,161200,31,161202,160293],{},[15,161198,3005],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161201,2926],{},[15,161203,2932],{},[260,161205,1898,161207,161209],{"id":161206},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161208,44],{}," create classes?",[20,161211,161212,161213,229],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161214,161215],{},"type(object)",[47,161217,1938],{"id":1937},[164,161219,161220,161224,161230,161236,161240,161246,161252],{},[167,161221,161222],{},[221,161223,224],{"href":223},[167,161225,161226],{},[221,161227,13,161228,1947],{"href":160472},[15,161229,17],{},[167,161231,161232],{},[221,161233,13,161234,1947],{"href":8252},[15,161235,3005],{},[167,161237,161238],{},[221,161239,9091],{"href":9013},[167,161241,161242],{},[221,161243,13,161244,1947],{"href":2923},[15,161245,2926],{},[167,161247,161248],{},[221,161249,13,161250,1947],{"href":2929},[15,161251,2932],{},[167,161253,161254],{},[221,161255,13,161256,1947],{"href":42198},[15,161257,47696],{},[1969,161259,161260],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":161262},[161263,161264,161266,161267,161268,161270,161272,161274,161276,161283,161284,161294],{"id":49,"depth":79,"text":50},{"id":159637,"depth":79,"text":161265},"What the type() function does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":121711,"depth":79,"text":121712},{"id":159995,"depth":79,"text":161269},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160301,"depth":79,"text":161271},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160477,"depth":79,"text":161273},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160627,"depth":79,"text":161275},"When to use type()",{"id":25385,"depth":79,"text":25386,"children":161277},[161278,161280,161282],{"id":160776,"depth":86,"text":161279},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160836,"depth":86,"text":161281},"input() returns str",{"id":160892,"depth":86,"text":160893},{"id":2877,"depth":79,"text":2878},{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":161285},[161286,161288,161290,161292],{"id":161154,"depth":86,"text":161287},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161173,"depth":86,"text":161289},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161188,"depth":86,"text":161291},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161206,"depth":86,"text":161293},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159471,"description":161295},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161301,"title":161302,"body":161303,"description":163782,"extension":2017,"meta":163783,"navigation":82,"path":163784,"seo":163785,"stem":163786,"__hash__":163787},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161304,"toc":163739},[161305,161310,161315,161324,161326,161426,161428,161453,161458,161463,161479,161482,161484,161486,161511,161514,161517,161600,161602,161651,161654,161776,161778,161851,161855,161858,161972,161974,162000,162002,162023,162028,162032,162037,162040,162144,162146,162163,162172,162175,162262,162264,162275,162280,162286,162291,162297,162300,162393,162395,162444,162450,162453,162554,162556,162609,162614,162618,162621,162720,162722,162761,162764,162769,162771,162776,162780,162893,162897,162994,162998,163086,163088,163105,163109,163232,163238,163244,163250,163255,163258,163285,163289,163291,163385,163388,163392,163395,163482,163485,163520,163522,163559,163562,163570,163575,163580,163654,163661,163663,163668,163671,163677,163680,163686,163691,163697,163702,163706,163709,163711,163736],[10,161306,13,161308,18],{"id":161307},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161309,64145],{},[20,161311,161312,161314],{},[15,161313,64145],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161316,161317,161318,161320,161321,161323],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161319,64145],{}," inside a ",[15,161322,5996],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[47,161325,2059],{"id":2058},[52,161327,161329],{"className":54,"code":161328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161330,161331,161363,161383,161387,161412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161332,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161334,5035],{"class":67},[61,161336,72],{"class":71},[61,161338,1088],{"class":93},[61,161340,1010],{"class":310},[61,161342,1319],{"class":314},[61,161344,1010],{"class":310},[61,161346,106],{"class":93},[61,161348,311],{"class":310},[61,161350,35967],{"class":314},[61,161352,1010],{"class":310},[61,161354,106],{"class":93},[61,161356,311],{"class":310},[61,161358,35976],{"class":314},[61,161360,1010],{"class":310},[61,161362,1115],{"class":93},[61,161364,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,161366,5104],{"class":67},[61,161368,72],{"class":71},[61,161370,1088],{"class":93},[61,161372,13529],{"class":75},[61,161374,106],{"class":93},[61,161376,13534],{"class":75},[61,161378,106],{"class":93},[61,161380,28947],{"class":75},[61,161382,1115],{"class":93},[61,161384,161385],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,161386,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,161388,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,161390,5996],{"class":672},[61,161392,36018],{"class":67},[61,161394,106],{"class":93},[61,161396,5146],{"class":67},[61,161398,3924],{"class":672},[61,161400,161401],{"class":89}," zip",[61,161403,94],{"class":93},[61,161405,5079],{"class":102},[61,161407,106],{"class":93},[61,161409,5151],{"class":102},[61,161411,900],{"class":93},[61,161413,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,161415,1141],{"class":89},[61,161417,94],{"class":93},[61,161419,335],{"class":102},[61,161421,106],{"class":93},[61,161423,130689],{"class":102},[61,161425,258],{"class":93},[20,161427,345],{},[52,161429,161431],{"className":54,"code":161430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161432,161433,161439,161446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161434,161435,161437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161436,133708],{"class":67},[61,161438,33165],{"class":75},[61,161440,161441,161444],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,161442,161443],{"class":67},"Ben ",[61,161445,33170],{"class":75},[61,161447,161448,161451],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,161449,161450],{"class":67},"Cara ",[61,161452,33175],{"class":75},[20,161454,143,161455,161457],{},[15,161456,64145],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[47,161459,151,161461,154],{"id":161460},"what-zip-does",[15,161462,64145],{},[164,161464,161465,161470,161473,161476],{},[167,161466,161467,161469],{},[15,161468,64145],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[167,161471,161472],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[167,161474,161475],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[167,161477,161478],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161480,161481],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[47,161483,233],{"id":232},[20,161485,7252],{},[52,161487,161489],{"className":54,"code":161488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161490,161491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161492,161493,161495,161497,161500,161502,161505,161507,161509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161494,64215],{"class":89},[61,161496,94],{"class":93},[61,161498,161499],{"class":102},"iterable1",[61,161501,106],{"class":93},[61,161503,161504],{"class":102}," iterable2",[61,161506,106],{"class":93},[61,161508,34484],{"class":89},[61,161510,258],{"class":93},[20,161512,161513],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161515,161516],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[52,161518,161520],{"className":54,"code":161519,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161521,161522,161542,161574,161578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161523,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161525,3661],{"class":67},[61,161527,72],{"class":71},[61,161529,1088],{"class":93},[61,161531,3035],{"class":75},[61,161533,106],{"class":93},[61,161535,3040],{"class":75},[61,161537,106],{"class":93},[61,161539,1020],{"class":75},[61,161541,1115],{"class":93},[61,161543,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,161545,36117],{"class":67},[61,161547,72],{"class":71},[61,161549,1088],{"class":93},[61,161551,1010],{"class":310},[61,161553,221],{"class":314},[61,161555,1010],{"class":310},[61,161557,106],{"class":93},[61,161559,311],{"class":310},[61,161561,1101],{"class":314},[61,161563,1010],{"class":310},[61,161565,106],{"class":93},[61,161567,311],{"class":310},[61,161569,1110],{"class":314},[61,161571,1010],{"class":310},[61,161573,1115],{"class":93},[61,161575,161576],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,161577,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,161579,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,161581,90],{"class":89},[61,161583,94],{"class":93},[61,161585,192],{"class":109},[61,161587,94],{"class":93},[61,161589,64215],{"class":89},[61,161591,94],{"class":93},[61,161593,3691],{"class":102},[61,161595,106],{"class":93},[61,161597,69922],{"class":102},[61,161599,582],{"class":93},[20,161601,345],{},[52,161603,161605],{"className":54,"code":161604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161606,161607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161608,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161610,21768],{"class":93},[61,161612,3035],{"class":75},[61,161614,106],{"class":93},[61,161616,3343],{"class":310},[61,161618,221],{"class":314},[61,161620,3348],{"class":310},[61,161622,9266],{"class":93},[61,161624,572],{"class":93},[61,161626,2113],{"class":75},[61,161628,106],{"class":93},[61,161630,3343],{"class":310},[61,161632,1101],{"class":314},[61,161634,3348],{"class":310},[61,161636,9266],{"class":93},[61,161638,572],{"class":93},[61,161640,1046],{"class":75},[61,161642,106],{"class":93},[61,161644,3343],{"class":310},[61,161646,1110],{"class":314},[61,161648,3348],{"class":310},[61,161650,9281],{"class":93},[20,161652,161653],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[52,161655,161657],{"className":54,"code":161656,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161658,161659,161691,161711,161745,161749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161660,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161662,5035],{"class":67},[61,161664,72],{"class":71},[61,161666,1088],{"class":93},[61,161668,1010],{"class":310},[61,161670,1319],{"class":314},[61,161672,1010],{"class":310},[61,161674,106],{"class":93},[61,161676,311],{"class":310},[61,161678,35967],{"class":314},[61,161680,1010],{"class":310},[61,161682,106],{"class":93},[61,161684,311],{"class":310},[61,161686,35976],{"class":314},[61,161688,1010],{"class":310},[61,161690,1115],{"class":93},[61,161692,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,161694,5104],{"class":67},[61,161696,72],{"class":71},[61,161698,1088],{"class":93},[61,161700,13529],{"class":75},[61,161702,106],{"class":93},[61,161704,13534],{"class":75},[61,161706,106],{"class":93},[61,161708,28947],{"class":75},[61,161710,1115],{"class":93},[61,161712,161713,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161741,161743],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,161714,161715],{"class":67},"grades ",[61,161717,72],{"class":71},[61,161719,1088],{"class":93},[61,161721,1010],{"class":310},[61,161723,22273],{"class":314},[61,161725,1010],{"class":310},[61,161727,106],{"class":93},[61,161729,311],{"class":310},[61,161731,30628],{"class":314},[61,161733,1010],{"class":310},[61,161735,106],{"class":93},[61,161737,311],{"class":310},[61,161739,161740],{"class":314},"B+",[61,161742,1010],{"class":310},[61,161744,1115],{"class":93},[61,161746,161747],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,161748,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,161750,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161774],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,161752,90],{"class":89},[61,161754,94],{"class":93},[61,161756,192],{"class":109},[61,161758,94],{"class":93},[61,161760,64215],{"class":89},[61,161762,94],{"class":93},[61,161764,5079],{"class":102},[61,161766,106],{"class":93},[61,161768,5151],{"class":102},[61,161770,106],{"class":93},[61,161772,161773],{"class":102}," grades",[61,161775,582],{"class":93},[20,161777,345],{},[52,161779,161781],{"className":54,"code":161780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161782,161783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161784,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161786,21768],{"class":93},[61,161788,3348],{"class":310},[61,161790,1319],{"class":314},[61,161792,3348],{"class":310},[61,161794,106],{"class":93},[61,161796,19925],{"class":75},[61,161798,106],{"class":93},[61,161800,3343],{"class":310},[61,161802,22273],{"class":314},[61,161804,3348],{"class":310},[61,161806,9266],{"class":93},[61,161808,572],{"class":93},[61,161810,3348],{"class":310},[61,161812,35967],{"class":314},[61,161814,3348],{"class":310},[61,161816,106],{"class":93},[61,161818,13534],{"class":75},[61,161820,106],{"class":93},[61,161822,3343],{"class":310},[61,161824,30628],{"class":314},[61,161826,3348],{"class":310},[61,161828,9266],{"class":93},[61,161830,572],{"class":93},[61,161832,3348],{"class":310},[61,161834,35976],{"class":314},[61,161836,3348],{"class":310},[61,161838,106],{"class":93},[61,161840,28947],{"class":75},[61,161842,106],{"class":93},[61,161844,3343],{"class":310},[61,161846,161740],{"class":314},[61,161848,3348],{"class":310},[61,161850,9281],{"class":93},[47,161852,161854],{"id":161853},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161856,161857],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[52,161859,161861],{"className":54,"code":161860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161862,161863,161895,161915,161919,161943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161864,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161866,5035],{"class":67},[61,161868,72],{"class":71},[61,161870,1088],{"class":93},[61,161872,1010],{"class":310},[61,161874,1319],{"class":314},[61,161876,1010],{"class":310},[61,161878,106],{"class":93},[61,161880,311],{"class":310},[61,161882,35967],{"class":314},[61,161884,1010],{"class":310},[61,161886,106],{"class":93},[61,161888,311],{"class":310},[61,161890,35976],{"class":314},[61,161892,1010],{"class":310},[61,161894,1115],{"class":93},[61,161896,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,161898,5104],{"class":67},[61,161900,72],{"class":71},[61,161902,1088],{"class":93},[61,161904,13529],{"class":75},[61,161906,106],{"class":93},[61,161908,13534],{"class":75},[61,161910,106],{"class":93},[61,161912,28947],{"class":75},[61,161914,1115],{"class":93},[61,161916,161917],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,161918,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,161920,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,161922,5996],{"class":672},[61,161924,36018],{"class":67},[61,161926,106],{"class":93},[61,161928,5146],{"class":67},[61,161930,3924],{"class":672},[61,161932,161401],{"class":89},[61,161934,94],{"class":93},[61,161936,5079],{"class":102},[61,161938,106],{"class":93},[61,161940,5151],{"class":102},[61,161942,900],{"class":93},[61,161944,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,161946,1141],{"class":89},[61,161948,94],{"class":93},[61,161950,22322],{"class":882},[61,161952,1010],{"class":314},[61,161954,9310],{"class":75},[61,161956,335],{"class":102},[61,161958,22331],{"class":75},[61,161960,161961],{"class":314}," scored ",[61,161963,9310],{"class":75},[61,161965,85346],{"class":102},[61,161967,22331],{"class":75},[61,161969,1010],{"class":314},[61,161971,258],{"class":93},[20,161973,345],{},[52,161975,161977],{"className":54,"code":161976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161978,161979,161986,161993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161980,161981,161984],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161982,161983],{"class":67},"Ana scored ",[61,161985,33165],{"class":75},[61,161987,161988,161991],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,161989,161990],{"class":67},"Ben scored ",[61,161992,33170],{"class":75},[61,161994,161995,161998],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,161996,161997],{"class":67},"Cara scored ",[61,161999,33175],{"class":75},[20,162001,44947],{},[164,162003,162004,162013,162016],{},[167,162005,162006,162009,162010],{},[15,162007,162008],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162011,162012],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[167,162014,162015],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[167,162017,162018,749,162020,162022],{},[15,162019,335],{},[15,162021,85346],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162024,162025,162026,229],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[221,162027,69439],{"href":69438},[47,162029,162031],{"id":162030},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162033,162034,162036],{},[15,162035,64145],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162038,162039],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[52,162041,162043],{"className":54,"code":162042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162044,162045,162086,162102,162106,162130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162046,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162082,162084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162048,5035],{"class":67},[61,162050,72],{"class":71},[61,162052,1088],{"class":93},[61,162054,1010],{"class":310},[61,162056,1319],{"class":314},[61,162058,1010],{"class":310},[61,162060,106],{"class":93},[61,162062,311],{"class":310},[61,162064,35967],{"class":314},[61,162066,1010],{"class":310},[61,162068,106],{"class":93},[61,162070,311],{"class":310},[61,162072,35976],{"class":314},[61,162074,1010],{"class":310},[61,162076,106],{"class":93},[61,162078,311],{"class":310},[61,162080,162081],{"class":314},"Dan",[61,162083,1010],{"class":310},[61,162085,1115],{"class":93},[61,162087,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162089,5104],{"class":67},[61,162091,72],{"class":71},[61,162093,1088],{"class":93},[61,162095,13529],{"class":75},[61,162097,106],{"class":93},[61,162099,13534],{"class":75},[61,162101,1115],{"class":93},[61,162103,162104],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,162105,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,162107,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,162109,5996],{"class":672},[61,162111,36018],{"class":67},[61,162113,106],{"class":93},[61,162115,5146],{"class":67},[61,162117,3924],{"class":672},[61,162119,161401],{"class":89},[61,162121,94],{"class":93},[61,162123,5079],{"class":102},[61,162125,106],{"class":93},[61,162127,5151],{"class":102},[61,162129,900],{"class":93},[61,162131,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,162133,1141],{"class":89},[61,162135,94],{"class":93},[61,162137,335],{"class":102},[61,162139,106],{"class":93},[61,162141,130689],{"class":102},[61,162143,258],{"class":93},[20,162145,345],{},[52,162147,162149],{"className":54,"code":162148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162150,162151,162157],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162152,162153,162155],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162154,133708],{"class":67},[61,162156,33165],{"class":75},[61,162158,162159,162161],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162160,161443],{"class":67},[61,162162,33170],{"class":75},[20,162164,2336,162165,749,162168,162171],{},[15,162166,162167],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162169,162170],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162173,162174],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[52,162176,162178],{"className":54,"code":162177,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162179,162180,162220,162236,162240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162181,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162183,5035],{"class":67},[61,162185,72],{"class":71},[61,162187,1088],{"class":93},[61,162189,1010],{"class":310},[61,162191,1319],{"class":314},[61,162193,1010],{"class":310},[61,162195,106],{"class":93},[61,162197,311],{"class":310},[61,162199,35967],{"class":314},[61,162201,1010],{"class":310},[61,162203,106],{"class":93},[61,162205,311],{"class":310},[61,162207,35976],{"class":314},[61,162209,1010],{"class":310},[61,162211,106],{"class":93},[61,162213,311],{"class":310},[61,162215,162081],{"class":314},[61,162217,1010],{"class":310},[61,162219,1115],{"class":93},[61,162221,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162223,5104],{"class":67},[61,162225,72],{"class":71},[61,162227,1088],{"class":93},[61,162229,13529],{"class":75},[61,162231,106],{"class":93},[61,162233,13534],{"class":75},[61,162235,1115],{"class":93},[61,162237,162238],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,162239,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,162241,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,162243,90],{"class":89},[61,162245,94],{"class":93},[61,162247,11191],{"class":89},[61,162249,94],{"class":93},[61,162251,5079],{"class":102},[61,162253,9266],{"class":93},[61,162255,38414],{"class":89},[61,162257,94],{"class":93},[61,162259,16417],{"class":102},[61,162261,342],{"class":93},[20,162263,345],{},[52,162265,162267],{"className":54,"code":162266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4 2\n",[15,162268,162269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162270,162271,162273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162272,2552],{"class":75},[61,162274,45604],{"class":75},[20,162276,162277,162278,229],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162279,64145],{},[47,162281,91937,162283,162285],{"id":162282},"converting-zip-output",[15,162284,64145],{}," output",[20,162287,29088,162288,162290],{},[15,162289,64145],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[260,162292,143,162294],{"id":162293},"use-listzip",[15,162295,162296],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162298,162299],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[52,162301,162303],{"className":54,"code":162302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162304,162305,162337,162357,162361,162383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162306,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162308,5035],{"class":67},[61,162310,72],{"class":71},[61,162312,1088],{"class":93},[61,162314,1010],{"class":310},[61,162316,1319],{"class":314},[61,162318,1010],{"class":310},[61,162320,106],{"class":93},[61,162322,311],{"class":310},[61,162324,35967],{"class":314},[61,162326,1010],{"class":310},[61,162328,106],{"class":93},[61,162330,311],{"class":310},[61,162332,35976],{"class":314},[61,162334,1010],{"class":310},[61,162336,1115],{"class":93},[61,162338,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162340,5104],{"class":67},[61,162342,72],{"class":71},[61,162344,1088],{"class":93},[61,162346,13529],{"class":75},[61,162348,106],{"class":93},[61,162350,13534],{"class":75},[61,162352,106],{"class":93},[61,162354,28947],{"class":75},[61,162356,1115],{"class":93},[61,162358,162359],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,162360,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,162362,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,162364,9248],{"class":67},[61,162366,72],{"class":71},[61,162368,605],{"class":109},[61,162370,94],{"class":93},[61,162372,64215],{"class":89},[61,162374,94],{"class":93},[61,162376,5079],{"class":102},[61,162378,106],{"class":93},[61,162380,5151],{"class":102},[61,162382,342],{"class":93},[61,162384,162385,162387,162389,162391],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,162386,90],{"class":89},[61,162388,94],{"class":93},[61,162390,9294],{"class":102},[61,162392,258],{"class":93},[20,162394,345],{},[52,162396,162398],{"className":54,"code":162397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162399,162400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162401,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162403,21768],{"class":93},[61,162405,3348],{"class":310},[61,162407,1319],{"class":314},[61,162409,3348],{"class":310},[61,162411,106],{"class":93},[61,162413,19925],{"class":75},[61,162415,9266],{"class":93},[61,162417,572],{"class":93},[61,162419,3348],{"class":310},[61,162421,35967],{"class":314},[61,162423,3348],{"class":310},[61,162425,106],{"class":93},[61,162427,13534],{"class":75},[61,162429,9266],{"class":93},[61,162431,572],{"class":93},[61,162433,3348],{"class":310},[61,162435,35976],{"class":314},[61,162437,3348],{"class":310},[61,162439,106],{"class":93},[61,162441,28947],{"class":75},[61,162443,9281],{"class":93},[260,162445,143,162447],{"id":162446},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162448,162449],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162451,162452],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[52,162454,162456],{"className":54,"code":162455,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162457,162458,162490,162518,162522,162544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162459,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162461,17268],{"class":67},[61,162463,72],{"class":71},[61,162465,1088],{"class":93},[61,162467,1010],{"class":310},[61,162469,335],{"class":314},[61,162471,1010],{"class":310},[61,162473,106],{"class":93},[61,162475,311],{"class":310},[61,162477,9331],{"class":314},[61,162479,1010],{"class":310},[61,162481,106],{"class":93},[61,162483,311],{"class":310},[61,162485,10440],{"class":314},[61,162487,1010],{"class":310},[61,162489,1115],{"class":93},[61,162491,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162493,3865],{"class":67},[61,162495,72],{"class":71},[61,162497,1088],{"class":93},[61,162499,1010],{"class":310},[61,162501,1319],{"class":314},[61,162503,1010],{"class":310},[61,162505,106],{"class":93},[61,162507,9338],{"class":75},[61,162509,106],{"class":93},[61,162511,311],{"class":310},[61,162513,16059],{"class":314},[61,162515,1010],{"class":310},[61,162517,1115],{"class":93},[61,162519,162520],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,162521,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,162523,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,162525,13231],{"class":67},[61,162527,72],{"class":71},[61,162529,1343],{"class":109},[61,162531,94],{"class":93},[61,162533,64215],{"class":89},[61,162535,94],{"class":93},[61,162537,16950],{"class":102},[61,162539,106],{"class":93},[61,162541,3927],{"class":102},[61,162543,342],{"class":93},[61,162545,162546,162548,162550,162552],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,162547,90],{"class":89},[61,162549,94],{"class":93},[61,162551,17333],{"class":102},[61,162553,258],{"class":93},[20,162555,345],{},[52,162557,162559],{"className":54,"code":162558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162560,162561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162562,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162564,9310],{"class":93},[61,162566,3348],{"class":310},[61,162568,335],{"class":314},[61,162570,3348],{"class":310},[61,162572,1314],{"class":93},[61,162574,3343],{"class":310},[61,162576,1319],{"class":314},[61,162578,3348],{"class":310},[61,162580,106],{"class":93},[61,162582,3343],{"class":310},[61,162584,9331],{"class":314},[61,162586,3348],{"class":310},[61,162588,1314],{"class":93},[61,162590,9338],{"class":75},[61,162592,106],{"class":93},[61,162594,3343],{"class":310},[61,162596,10440],{"class":314},[61,162598,3348],{"class":310},[61,162600,1314],{"class":93},[61,162602,3343],{"class":310},[61,162604,16059],{"class":314},[61,162606,3348],{"class":310},[61,162608,1324],{"class":93},[20,162610,162611,162612,229],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[221,162613,31115],{"href":31114},[260,162615,162617],{"id":162616},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162619,162620],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[52,162622,162624],{"className":54,"code":162623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162625,162626,162650,162666,162670,162688,162692,162706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162627,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162629,5035],{"class":67},[61,162631,72],{"class":71},[61,162633,1088],{"class":93},[61,162635,1010],{"class":310},[61,162637,1319],{"class":314},[61,162639,1010],{"class":310},[61,162641,106],{"class":93},[61,162643,311],{"class":310},[61,162645,35967],{"class":314},[61,162647,1010],{"class":310},[61,162649,1115],{"class":93},[61,162651,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162653,5104],{"class":67},[61,162655,72],{"class":71},[61,162657,1088],{"class":93},[61,162659,13529],{"class":75},[61,162661,106],{"class":93},[61,162663,13534],{"class":75},[61,162665,1115],{"class":93},[61,162667,162668],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,162669,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,162671,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,162673,9248],{"class":67},[61,162675,72],{"class":71},[61,162677,161401],{"class":89},[61,162679,94],{"class":93},[61,162681,5079],{"class":102},[61,162683,106],{"class":93},[61,162685,5151],{"class":102},[61,162687,258],{"class":93},[61,162689,162690],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,162691,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,162693,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,162695,90],{"class":89},[61,162697,94],{"class":93},[61,162699,192],{"class":109},[61,162701,94],{"class":93},[61,162703,9294],{"class":102},[61,162705,342],{"class":93},[61,162707,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716,162718],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,162709,90],{"class":89},[61,162711,94],{"class":93},[61,162713,192],{"class":109},[61,162715,94],{"class":93},[61,162717,9294],{"class":102},[61,162719,342],{"class":93},[20,162721,345],{},[52,162723,162725],{"className":54,"code":162724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162726,162727,162757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162728,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162730,21768],{"class":93},[61,162732,3348],{"class":310},[61,162734,1319],{"class":314},[61,162736,3348],{"class":310},[61,162738,106],{"class":93},[61,162740,19925],{"class":75},[61,162742,9266],{"class":93},[61,162744,572],{"class":93},[61,162746,3348],{"class":310},[61,162748,35967],{"class":314},[61,162750,3348],{"class":310},[61,162752,106],{"class":93},[61,162754,13534],{"class":75},[61,162756,9281],{"class":93},[61,162758,162759],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162760,38325],{"class":93},[20,162762,162763],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162765,162766,162767,229],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[221,162768,5177],{"href":5624},[47,162770,41071],{"id":41070},[20,162772,162773,162774,229],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162775,64145],{},[260,162777,162779],{"id":162778},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[52,162781,162783],{"className":54,"code":162782,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162784,162785,162817,162837,162841,162865],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162786,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162788,5035],{"class":67},[61,162790,72],{"class":71},[61,162792,1088],{"class":93},[61,162794,1010],{"class":310},[61,162796,1319],{"class":314},[61,162798,1010],{"class":310},[61,162800,106],{"class":93},[61,162802,311],{"class":310},[61,162804,35967],{"class":314},[61,162806,1010],{"class":310},[61,162808,106],{"class":93},[61,162810,311],{"class":310},[61,162812,35976],{"class":314},[61,162814,1010],{"class":310},[61,162816,1115],{"class":93},[61,162818,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162820,5104],{"class":67},[61,162822,72],{"class":71},[61,162824,1088],{"class":93},[61,162826,13529],{"class":75},[61,162828,106],{"class":93},[61,162830,13534],{"class":75},[61,162832,106],{"class":93},[61,162834,28947],{"class":75},[61,162836,1115],{"class":93},[61,162838,162839],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,162840,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,162842,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,162844,5996],{"class":672},[61,162846,36018],{"class":67},[61,162848,106],{"class":93},[61,162850,5146],{"class":67},[61,162852,3924],{"class":672},[61,162854,161401],{"class":89},[61,162856,94],{"class":93},[61,162858,5079],{"class":102},[61,162860,106],{"class":93},[61,162862,5151],{"class":102},[61,162864,900],{"class":93},[61,162866,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,162868,1141],{"class":89},[61,162870,94],{"class":93},[61,162872,22322],{"class":882},[61,162874,1010],{"class":314},[61,162876,9310],{"class":75},[61,162878,335],{"class":102},[61,162880,22331],{"class":75},[61,162882,22334],{"class":314},[61,162884,9310],{"class":75},[61,162886,85346],{"class":102},[61,162888,22331],{"class":75},[61,162890,1010],{"class":314},[61,162892,258],{"class":93},[260,162894,162896],{"id":162895},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[52,162898,162900],{"className":54,"code":162899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162901,162902,162934,162958,162962,162984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162903,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162905,17268],{"class":67},[61,162907,72],{"class":71},[61,162909,1088],{"class":93},[61,162911,1010],{"class":310},[61,162913,12676],{"class":314},[61,162915,1010],{"class":310},[61,162917,106],{"class":93},[61,162919,311],{"class":310},[61,162921,335],{"class":314},[61,162923,1010],{"class":310},[61,162925,106],{"class":93},[61,162927,311],{"class":310},[61,162929,15849],{"class":314},[61,162931,1010],{"class":310},[61,162933,1115],{"class":93},[61,162935,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,162937,3865],{"class":67},[61,162939,72],{"class":71},[61,162941,1088],{"class":93},[61,162943,46606],{"class":75},[61,162945,106],{"class":93},[61,162947,311],{"class":310},[61,162949,1319],{"class":314},[61,162951,1010],{"class":310},[61,162953,106],{"class":93},[61,162955,3956],{"class":355},[61,162957,1115],{"class":93},[61,162959,162960],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,162961,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,162963,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,162965,9199],{"class":67},[61,162967,72],{"class":71},[61,162969,1343],{"class":109},[61,162971,94],{"class":93},[61,162973,64215],{"class":89},[61,162975,94],{"class":93},[61,162977,16950],{"class":102},[61,162979,106],{"class":93},[61,162981,3927],{"class":102},[61,162983,342],{"class":93},[61,162985,162986,162988,162990,162992],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,162987,90],{"class":89},[61,162989,94],{"class":93},[61,162991,9237],{"class":102},[61,162993,258],{"class":93},[260,162995,162997],{"id":162996},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[52,162999,163001],{"className":54,"code":163000,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163002,163003,163023,163043,163047,163072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163006,80484],{"class":67},[61,163008,72],{"class":71},[61,163010,1088],{"class":93},[61,163012,2379],{"class":75},[61,163014,106],{"class":93},[61,163016,7825],{"class":75},[61,163018,106],{"class":93},[61,163020,7830],{"class":75},[61,163022,1115],{"class":93},[61,163024,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,163026,80505],{"class":67},[61,163028,72],{"class":71},[61,163030,1088],{"class":93},[61,163032,2379],{"class":75},[61,163034,106],{"class":93},[61,163036,9338],{"class":75},[61,163038,106],{"class":93},[61,163040,7830],{"class":75},[61,163042,1115],{"class":93},[61,163044,163045],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,163046,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,163048,163049,163051,163053,163055,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,163050,5996],{"class":672},[61,163052,56711],{"class":67},[61,163054,106],{"class":93},[61,163056,163057],{"class":67}," b ",[61,163059,3924],{"class":672},[61,163061,161401],{"class":89},[61,163063,94],{"class":93},[61,163065,111576],{"class":102},[61,163067,106],{"class":93},[61,163069,80548],{"class":102},[61,163071,900],{"class":93},[61,163073,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,163075,1141],{"class":89},[61,163077,94],{"class":93},[61,163079,2602],{"class":102},[61,163081,4728],{"class":71},[61,163083,2607],{"class":102},[61,163085,258],{"class":93},[20,163087,345],{},[52,163089,163091],{"className":54,"code":163090,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163092,163093,163097,163101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163094,163095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163096,348],{"class":355},[61,163098,163099],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,163100,436],{"class":355},[61,163102,163103],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,163104,348],{"class":355},[260,163106,163108],{"id":163107},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[52,163110,163112],{"className":54,"code":163111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163113,163114,163149,163172,163176,163203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163115,163116,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163136,163138,163140,163142,163145,163147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163117,163118],{"class":67},"products ",[61,163120,72],{"class":71},[61,163122,1088],{"class":93},[61,163124,1010],{"class":310},[61,163126,25169],{"class":314},[61,163128,1010],{"class":310},[61,163130,106],{"class":93},[61,163132,311],{"class":310},[61,163134,163135],{"class":314},"Pen",[61,163137,1010],{"class":310},[61,163139,106],{"class":93},[61,163141,311],{"class":310},[61,163143,163144],{"class":314},"Bag",[61,163146,1010],{"class":310},[61,163148,1115],{"class":93},[61,163150,163151,163153,163155,163157,163160,163162,163165,163167,163170],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,163152,82874],{"class":67},[61,163154,72],{"class":71},[61,163156,1088],{"class":93},[61,163158,163159],{"class":75},"12.5",[61,163161,106],{"class":93},[61,163163,163164],{"class":75}," 1.2",[61,163166,106],{"class":93},[61,163168,163169],{"class":75}," 25.0",[61,163171,1115],{"class":93},[61,163173,163174],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,163175,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,163177,163178,163180,163182,163184,163187,163189,163191,163193,163196,163198,163201],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,163179,5996],{"class":672},[61,163181,25230],{"class":67},[61,163183,106],{"class":93},[61,163185,163186],{"class":67}," price ",[61,163188,3924],{"class":672},[61,163190,161401],{"class":89},[61,163192,94],{"class":93},[61,163194,163195],{"class":102},"products",[61,163197,106],{"class":93},[61,163199,163200],{"class":102}," prices",[61,163202,900],{"class":93},[61,163204,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,163206,1141],{"class":89},[61,163208,94],{"class":93},[61,163210,22322],{"class":882},[61,163212,1010],{"class":314},[61,163214,9310],{"class":75},[61,163216,27035],{"class":102},[61,163218,22331],{"class":75},[61,163220,163221],{"class":314}," costs $",[61,163223,9310],{"class":75},[61,163225,25178],{"class":102},[61,163227,22331],{"class":75},[61,163229,1010],{"class":314},[61,163231,258],{"class":93},[20,163233,36629,163234,229],{},[221,163235,163237],{"href":163236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[47,163239,163241,163242],{"id":163240},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163243,64145],{},[260,163245,8485,163247,163249],{"id":163246},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163248,64145],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163251,163252,163254],{},[15,163253,64145],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163256,163257],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[52,163259,163261],{"className":54,"code":163260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163262,163263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163264,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163266,90],{"class":89},[61,163268,94],{"class":93},[61,163270,11191],{"class":89},[61,163272,94],{"class":93},[61,163274,111576],{"class":102},[61,163276,9266],{"class":93},[61,163278,38414],{"class":89},[61,163280,94],{"class":93},[61,163282,80771],{"class":102},[61,163284,342],{"class":93},[260,163286,163288],{"id":163287},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163290,68662],{},[52,163292,163294],{"className":54,"code":163293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163295,163296,163332,163336,163349,163359,163363,163375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163297,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163299,9248],{"class":67},[61,163301,72],{"class":71},[61,163303,161401],{"class":89},[61,163305,3032],{"class":93},[61,163307,3035],{"class":75},[61,163309,106],{"class":93},[61,163311,3040],{"class":75},[61,163313,18089],{"class":93},[61,163315,1088],{"class":93},[61,163317,1010],{"class":310},[61,163319,221],{"class":314},[61,163321,1010],{"class":310},[61,163323,106],{"class":93},[61,163325,311],{"class":310},[61,163327,1101],{"class":314},[61,163329,1010],{"class":310},[61,163331,1365],{"class":93},[61,163333,163334],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,163335,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,163337,163338,163340,163342,163344,163347],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,163339,5996],{"class":672},[61,163341,5999],{"class":67},[61,163343,3924],{"class":672},[61,163345,163346],{"class":67}," pairs",[61,163348,6433],{"class":93},[61,163350,163351,163353,163355,163357],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,163352,1141],{"class":89},[61,163354,94],{"class":93},[61,163356,23338],{"class":102},[61,163358,258],{"class":93},[61,163360,163361],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,163362,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,163364,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373],{"class":63,"line":961},[61,163366,5996],{"class":672},[61,163368,5999],{"class":67},[61,163370,3924],{"class":672},[61,163372,163346],{"class":67},[61,163374,6433],{"class":93},[61,163376,163377,163379,163381,163383],{"class":63,"line":973},[61,163378,1141],{"class":89},[61,163380,94],{"class":93},[61,163382,23338],{"class":102},[61,163384,258],{"class":93},[20,163386,163387],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[260,163389,163391],{"id":163390},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163393,163394],{},"This is correct:",[52,163396,163398],{"className":54,"code":163397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163399,163400,163424,163440,163444,163468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163401,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163403,5035],{"class":67},[61,163405,72],{"class":71},[61,163407,1088],{"class":93},[61,163409,1010],{"class":310},[61,163411,1319],{"class":314},[61,163413,1010],{"class":310},[61,163415,106],{"class":93},[61,163417,311],{"class":310},[61,163419,35967],{"class":314},[61,163421,1010],{"class":310},[61,163423,1115],{"class":93},[61,163425,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,163427,5104],{"class":67},[61,163429,72],{"class":71},[61,163431,1088],{"class":93},[61,163433,13529],{"class":75},[61,163435,106],{"class":93},[61,163437,13534],{"class":75},[61,163439,1115],{"class":93},[61,163441,163442],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,163443,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,163445,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,163447,5996],{"class":672},[61,163449,36018],{"class":67},[61,163451,106],{"class":93},[61,163453,5146],{"class":67},[61,163455,3924],{"class":672},[61,163457,161401],{"class":89},[61,163459,94],{"class":93},[61,163461,5079],{"class":102},[61,163463,106],{"class":93},[61,163465,5151],{"class":102},[61,163467,900],{"class":93},[61,163469,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480],{"class":63,"line":941},[61,163471,1141],{"class":89},[61,163473,94],{"class":93},[61,163475,335],{"class":102},[61,163477,106],{"class":93},[61,163479,130689],{"class":102},[61,163481,258],{"class":93},[20,163483,163484],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[52,163486,163488],{"className":54,"code":163487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163489,163490,163510],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163491,163492,163494,163496,163498,163500,163502,163504,163506,163508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163493,5996],{"class":672},[61,163495,5999],{"class":67},[61,163497,3924],{"class":672},[61,163499,161401],{"class":89},[61,163501,94],{"class":93},[61,163503,5079],{"class":102},[61,163505,106],{"class":93},[61,163507,5151],{"class":102},[61,163509,900],{"class":93},[61,163511,163512,163514,163516,163518],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,163513,1141],{"class":89},[61,163515,94],{"class":93},[61,163517,23338],{"class":102},[61,163519,258],{"class":93},[20,163521,345],{},[52,163523,163525],{"className":54,"code":163524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163526,163527,163543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163528,163529,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539,163541],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163530,94],{"class":93},[61,163532,3348],{"class":310},[61,163534,1319],{"class":314},[61,163536,3348],{"class":310},[61,163538,106],{"class":93},[61,163540,19925],{"class":75},[61,163542,258],{"class":93},[61,163544,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,163546,94],{"class":93},[61,163548,3348],{"class":310},[61,163550,35967],{"class":314},[61,163552,3348],{"class":310},[61,163554,106],{"class":93},[61,163556,13534],{"class":75},[61,163558,258],{"class":93},[20,163560,163561],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[260,163563,8449,163565,163567,163568],{"id":163564},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163566,64145],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163569,35775],{},[20,163571,143,163572,163574],{},[15,163573,64145],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163576,143,163577,163579],{},[15,163578,35775],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[52,163581,163582],{"className":54,"code":35944,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[15,163583,163584,163616,163620,163640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163585,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163587,5035],{"class":67},[61,163589,72],{"class":71},[61,163591,1088],{"class":93},[61,163593,1010],{"class":310},[61,163595,1319],{"class":314},[61,163597,1010],{"class":310},[61,163599,106],{"class":93},[61,163601,311],{"class":310},[61,163603,35967],{"class":314},[61,163605,1010],{"class":310},[61,163607,106],{"class":93},[61,163609,311],{"class":310},[61,163611,35976],{"class":314},[61,163613,1010],{"class":310},[61,163615,1115],{"class":93},[61,163617,163618],{"class":63,"line":79},[61,163619,83],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":82},[61,163621,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634,163636,163638],{"class":63,"line":86},[61,163623,5996],{"class":672},[61,163625,35847],{"class":67},[61,163627,106],{"class":93},[61,163629,35995],{"class":67},[61,163631,3924],{"class":672},[61,163633,35857],{"class":89},[61,163635,94],{"class":93},[61,163637,5079],{"class":102},[61,163639,900],{"class":93},[61,163641,163642,163644,163646,163648,163650,163652],{"class":63,"line":120},[61,163643,1141],{"class":89},[61,163645,94],{"class":93},[61,163647,35872],{"class":102},[61,163649,106],{"class":93},[61,163651,36018],{"class":102},[61,163653,258],{"class":93},[20,163655,163656,163657,229],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[221,163658,13,163659,1947],{"href":91849},[15,163660,35775],{},[47,163662,1879],{"id":1878},[260,163664,1883,163666,1886],{"id":163665},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163667,64145],{},[20,163669,163670],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[260,163672,1928,163674,163676],{"id":163673},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163675,64145],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163678,163679],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[260,163681,163683,163684,1916],{"id":163682},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163685,64145],{},[20,163687,163688,163689,229],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163690,162296],{},[260,163692,163694,163695,1916],{"id":163693},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163696,64145],{},[20,163698,128054,163699,163701],{},[15,163700,162449],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[260,163703,163705],{"id":163704},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163707,163708],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[47,163710,1938],{"id":1937},[164,163712,163713,163718,163724,163728,163732],{},[167,163714,163715],{},[221,163716,163717],{"href":163236},"How to use zip in Python",[167,163719,163720],{},[221,163721,13,163722,1947],{"href":91849},[15,163723,35775],{},[167,163725,163726],{},[221,163727,5253],{"href":5624},[167,163729,163730],{},[221,163731,69515],{"href":69438},[167,163733,163734],{},[221,163735,32289],{"href":31114},[1969,163737,163738],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":163740},[163741,163742,163744,163745,163746,163747,163755,163761,163770,163781],{"id":2058,"depth":79,"text":2059},{"id":161460,"depth":79,"text":163743},"What zip() does",{"id":232,"depth":79,"text":233},{"id":161853,"depth":79,"text":161854},{"id":162030,"depth":79,"text":162031},{"id":162282,"depth":79,"text":163748,"children":163749},"Converting zip() output",[163750,163752,163754],{"id":162293,"depth":86,"text":163751},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162446,"depth":86,"text":163753},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162616,"depth":86,"text":162617},{"id":41070,"depth":79,"text":41071,"children":163756},[163757,163758,163759,163760],{"id":162778,"depth":86,"text":162779},{"id":162895,"depth":86,"text":162896},{"id":162996,"depth":86,"text":162997},{"id":163107,"depth":86,"text":163108},{"id":163240,"depth":79,"text":163762,"children":163763},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163764,163766,163767,163768],{"id":163246,"depth":86,"text":163765},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163287,"depth":86,"text":163288},{"id":163390,"depth":86,"text":163391},{"id":163564,"depth":86,"text":163769},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1878,"depth":79,"text":1879,"children":163771},[163772,163774,163776,163778,163780],{"id":163665,"depth":86,"text":163773},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163673,"depth":86,"text":163775},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163682,"depth":86,"text":163777},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163693,"depth":86,"text":163779},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163704,"depth":86,"text":163705},{"id":1937,"depth":79,"text":1938},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161302,"description":163782},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945082363]