[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163909},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2180},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2173,"extension":2174,"meta":2175,"navigation":120,"path":2176,"seo":2177,"stem":2178,"__hash__":2179},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2148},"minimark",[9,13,22,28,44,47,52,167,173,177,182,185,199,202,392,410,414,417,435,438,441,458,460,565,569,575,578,589,591,626,633,655,660,666,699,702,766,770,776,779,837,840,881,884,957,960,1014,1021,1025,1031,1126,1132,1138,1187,1190,1193,1246,1250,1255,1260,1311,1315,1365,1369,1449,1453,1518,1521,1525,1530,1536,1549,1551,1570,1576,1579,1599,1604,1635,1642,1646,1652,1655,1755,1758,1761,1814,1821,1825,1830,1867,1870,1930,1944,1947,1981,1984,1988,1992,1995,1999,2002,2006,2009,2013,2029,2033,2039,2041,2093,2106,2110,2144],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-len-function-explained",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"The built-in ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"len()"," function returns the size of an object.",[14,23,24,25,27],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,26,20],{}," to count:",[29,30,31,35,38,41],"ul",{},[32,33,34],"li",{},"characters in a string",[32,36,37],{},"items in a list or tuple",[32,39,40],{},"keys in a dictionary",[32,42,43],{},"unique items in a set",[14,45,46],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[48,49,51],"h2",{"id":50},"quick-example","Quick example",[53,54,59],"pre",{"className":55,"code":56,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n","python","",[18,60,61,85,115,122,148],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63,66,70,74,78,82],"span",{"class":64,"line":65},"line",1,[62,67,69],{"class":68},"su5hD","text ",[62,71,73],{"class":72},"smGrS","=",[62,75,77],{"class":76},"sjJ54"," \"",[62,79,81],{"class":80},"s_sjI","hello",[62,83,84],{"class":76},"\"\n",[62,86,88,91,93,97,101,104,107,109,112],{"class":64,"line":87},2,[62,89,90],{"class":68},"items ",[62,92,73],{"class":72},[62,94,96],{"class":95},"sP7_E"," [",[62,98,100],{"class":99},"srdBf","10",[62,102,103],{"class":95},",",[62,105,106],{"class":99}," 20",[62,108,103],{"class":95},[62,110,111],{"class":99}," 30",[62,113,114],{"class":95},"]\n",[62,116,118],{"class":64,"line":117},3,[62,119,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},true,"\n",[62,123,125,129,132,135,137,141,144],{"class":64,"line":124},4,[62,126,128],{"class":127},"sptTA","print",[62,130,131],{"class":95},"(",[62,133,134],{"class":127},"len",[62,136,131],{"class":95},[62,138,140],{"class":139},"slqww","text",[62,142,143],{"class":95},"))",[62,145,147],{"class":146},"sutJx","   # 5\n",[62,149,151,153,155,157,159,162,164],{"class":64,"line":150},5,[62,152,128],{"class":127},[62,154,131],{"class":95},[62,156,134],{"class":127},[62,158,131],{"class":95},[62,160,161],{"class":139},"items",[62,163,143],{"class":95},[62,165,166],{"class":146},"  # 3\n",[14,168,169,170,172],{},"Use ",[18,171,20],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[48,174,176],{"id":175},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,178,179,181],{},[18,180,20],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,183,184],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[29,186,187,190,193,196],{},[32,188,189],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[32,191,192],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[32,194,195],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[32,197,198],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,200,201],{},"Example:",[53,203,205],{"className":55,"code":204,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,206,207,221,247,288,312,316,335,354,373],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,208,209,212,214,216,219],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,210,211],{"class":68},"name ",[62,213,73],{"class":72},[62,215,77],{"class":76},[62,217,218],{"class":80},"Sam",[62,220,84],{"class":76},[62,222,223,226,228,230,232,234,236,238,240,242,245],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,224,225],{"class":68},"numbers ",[62,227,73],{"class":72},[62,229,96],{"class":95},[62,231,100],{"class":99},[62,233,103],{"class":95},[62,235,106],{"class":99},[62,237,103],{"class":95},[62,239,111],{"class":99},[62,241,103],{"class":95},[62,243,244],{"class":99}," 40",[62,246,114],{"class":95},[62,248,249,252,254,257,260,263,265,268,271,273,275,278,280,282,285],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,250,251],{"class":68},"data ",[62,253,73],{"class":72},[62,255,256],{"class":95}," {",[62,258,259],{"class":76},"\"",[62,261,262],{"class":80},"a",[62,264,259],{"class":76},[62,266,267],{"class":95},":",[62,269,270],{"class":99}," 1",[62,272,103],{"class":95},[62,274,77],{"class":76},[62,276,277],{"class":80},"b",[62,279,259],{"class":76},[62,281,267],{"class":95},[62,283,284],{"class":99}," 2",[62,286,287],{"class":95},"}\n",[62,289,290,293,295,297,300,302,305,307,310],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,291,292],{"class":68},"values ",[62,294,73],{"class":72},[62,296,256],{"class":95},[62,298,299],{"class":99},"5",[62,301,103],{"class":95},[62,303,304],{"class":99}," 6",[62,306,103],{"class":95},[62,308,309],{"class":99}," 7",[62,311,287],{"class":95},[62,313,314],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,315,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,317,319,321,323,325,327,330,332],{"class":64,"line":318},6,[62,320,128],{"class":127},[62,322,131],{"class":95},[62,324,134],{"class":127},[62,326,131],{"class":95},[62,328,329],{"class":139},"name",[62,331,143],{"class":95},[62,333,334],{"class":146},"     # 3\n",[62,336,338,340,342,344,346,349,351],{"class":64,"line":337},7,[62,339,128],{"class":127},[62,341,131],{"class":95},[62,343,134],{"class":127},[62,345,131],{"class":95},[62,347,348],{"class":139},"numbers",[62,350,143],{"class":95},[62,352,353],{"class":146},"  # 4\n",[62,355,357,359,361,363,365,368,370],{"class":64,"line":356},8,[62,358,128],{"class":127},[62,360,131],{"class":95},[62,362,134],{"class":127},[62,364,131],{"class":95},[62,366,367],{"class":139},"data",[62,369,143],{"class":95},[62,371,372],{"class":146},"     # 2\n",[62,374,376,378,380,382,384,387,389],{"class":64,"line":375},9,[62,377,128],{"class":127},[62,379,131],{"class":95},[62,381,134],{"class":127},[62,383,131],{"class":95},[62,385,386],{"class":139},"values",[62,388,143],{"class":95},[62,390,391],{"class":146},"   # 3\n",[14,393,394,395,399,400,404,405,409],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[262,396,398],{"href":397},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",", ",[262,401,403],{"href":402},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",", and ",[262,406,408],{"href":407},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",".",[48,411,413],{"id":412},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,415,416],{},"The syntax is:",[53,418,420],{"className":55,"code":419,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"len(object)\n",[18,421,422],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,423,424,426,428,432],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,425,134],{"class":127},[62,427,131],{"class":95},[62,429,431],{"class":430},"sZMiF","object",[62,433,434],{"class":95},")\n",[14,436,437],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,439,440],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[29,442,443,446,449,452,455],{},[32,444,445],{},"a string",[32,447,448],{},"a list",[32,450,451],{},"a tuple",[32,453,454],{},"a set",[32,456,457],{},"a dictionary",[14,459,201],{},[53,461,463],{"className":55,"code":462,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,464,465,486,514,537],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,466,467,469,471,473,475,477,479,481,483],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,468,128],{"class":127},[62,470,131],{"class":95},[62,472,134],{"class":127},[62,474,131],{"class":95},[62,476,259],{"class":76},[62,478,57],{"class":80},[62,480,259],{"class":76},[62,482,143],{"class":95},[62,484,485],{"class":146},"      # 6\n",[62,487,488,490,492,494,497,500,502,504,506,509,512],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,489,128],{"class":127},[62,491,131],{"class":95},[62,493,134],{"class":127},[62,495,496],{"class":95},"([",[62,498,499],{"class":99},"1",[62,501,103],{"class":95},[62,503,284],{"class":99},[62,505,103],{"class":95},[62,507,508],{"class":99}," 3",[62,510,511],{"class":95},"]))",[62,513,334],{"class":146},[62,515,516,518,520,522,525,527,529,531,534],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,517,128],{"class":127},[62,519,131],{"class":95},[62,521,134],{"class":127},[62,523,524],{"class":95},"((",[62,526,100],{"class":99},[62,528,103],{"class":95},[62,530,106],{"class":99},[62,532,533],{"class":95},")))",[62,535,536],{"class":146},"      # 2\n",[62,538,539,541,543,545,548,550,553,555,557,559,562],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,540,128],{"class":127},[62,542,131],{"class":95},[62,544,134],{"class":127},[62,546,547],{"class":95},"({",[62,549,259],{"class":76},[62,551,552],{"class":80},"x",[62,554,259],{"class":76},[62,556,267],{"class":95},[62,558,270],{"class":99},[62,560,561],{"class":95},"}))",[62,563,564],{"class":146},"      # 1\n",[48,566,568],{"id":567},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,570,571,572,574],{},"When you use ",[18,573,20],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,576,577],{},"That includes:",[29,579,580,583,586],{},[32,581,582],{},"letters",[32,584,585],{},"spaces",[32,587,588],{},"punctuation",[14,590,201],{},[53,592,594],{"className":55,"code":593,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,595,596,609],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,597,598,600,602,604,607],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,599,69],{"class":68},[62,601,73],{"class":72},[62,603,77],{"class":76},[62,605,606],{"class":80},"Hi there!",[62,608,84],{"class":76},[62,610,611,613,615,617,619,621,623],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,612,128],{"class":127},[62,614,131],{"class":95},[62,616,134],{"class":127},[62,618,131],{"class":95},[62,620,140],{"class":139},[62,622,143],{"class":95},[62,624,625],{"class":146},"  # 9\n",[14,627,628,629,632],{},"Why is the result ",[18,630,631],{},"9","?",[29,634,635,641,646,649],{},[32,636,637,640],{},[18,638,639],{},"H"," = 1",[32,642,643,640],{},[18,644,645],{},"i",[32,647,648],{},"space = 1",[32,650,651,654],{},[18,652,653],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,656,657,658],{},"Total: ",[18,659,631],{},[14,661,662,663,267],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,664,665],{},"0",[53,667,669],{"className":55,"code":668,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,670,671,681],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,672,673,676,678],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,674,675],{"class":68},"empty_text ",[62,677,73],{"class":72},[62,679,680],{"class":76}," \"\"\n",[62,682,683,685,687,689,691,694,696],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,684,128],{"class":127},[62,686,131],{"class":95},[62,688,134],{"class":127},[62,690,131],{"class":95},[62,692,693],{"class":139},"empty_text",[62,695,143],{"class":95},[62,697,698],{"class":146},"  # 0\n",[14,700,701],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[53,703,705],{"className":55,"code":704,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,706,707,721,725,750],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,708,709,712,714,716,719],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,710,711],{"class":68},"user_name ",[62,713,73],{"class":72},[62,715,77],{"class":76},[62,717,718],{"class":80},"Alice",[62,720,84],{"class":76},[62,722,723],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,724,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,726,727,731,734,736,739,742,745,747],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,728,730],{"class":729},"sVHd0","if",[62,732,733],{"class":127}," len",[62,735,131],{"class":95},[62,737,738],{"class":139},"user_name",[62,740,741],{"class":95},")",[62,743,744],{"class":72}," >=",[62,746,508],{"class":99},[62,748,749],{"class":95},":\n",[62,751,752,755,757,759,762,764],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,753,754],{"class":127},"    print",[62,756,131],{"class":95},[62,758,259],{"class":76},[62,760,761],{"class":80},"Name is long enough",[62,763,259],{"class":76},[62,765,434],{"class":95},[48,767,769],{"id":768},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,771,772,773,775],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,774,20],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,777,778],{},"Example with a list:",[53,780,782],{"className":55,"code":781,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,783,784,820],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,785,786,789,791,793,795,798,800,802,804,807,809,811,813,816,818],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,787,788],{"class":68},"colors ",[62,790,73],{"class":72},[62,792,96],{"class":95},[62,794,259],{"class":76},[62,796,797],{"class":80},"red",[62,799,259],{"class":76},[62,801,103],{"class":95},[62,803,77],{"class":76},[62,805,806],{"class":80},"green",[62,808,259],{"class":76},[62,810,103],{"class":95},[62,812,77],{"class":76},[62,814,815],{"class":80},"blue",[62,817,259],{"class":76},[62,819,114],{"class":95},[62,821,822,824,826,828,830,833,835],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,823,128],{"class":127},[62,825,131],{"class":95},[62,827,134],{"class":127},[62,829,131],{"class":95},[62,831,832],{"class":139},"colors",[62,834,143],{"class":95},[62,836,166],{"class":146},[14,838,839],{},"Example with a tuple:",[53,841,843],{"className":55,"code":842,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,844,845,863],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,846,847,850,852,855,857,859,861],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,848,849],{"class":68},"point ",[62,851,73],{"class":72},[62,853,854],{"class":95}," (",[62,856,100],{"class":99},[62,858,103],{"class":95},[62,860,106],{"class":99},[62,862,434],{"class":95},[62,864,865,867,869,871,873,876,878],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,866,128],{"class":127},[62,868,131],{"class":95},[62,870,134],{"class":127},[62,872,131],{"class":95},[62,874,875],{"class":139},"point",[62,877,143],{"class":95},[62,879,880],{"class":146},"  # 2\n",[14,882,883],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[53,885,887],{"className":55,"code":886,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,888,889,915,919,938],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,890,891,893,895,897,899,902,904,906,908,911,913],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,892,90],{"class":68},[62,894,73],{"class":72},[62,896,96],{"class":95},[62,898,259],{"class":76},[62,900,901],{"class":80},"apple",[62,903,259],{"class":76},[62,905,103],{"class":95},[62,907,77],{"class":76},[62,909,910],{"class":80},"banana",[62,912,259],{"class":76},[62,914,114],{"class":95},[62,916,917],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,918,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,920,921,923,925,927,929,931,934,936],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,922,730],{"class":729},[62,924,733],{"class":127},[62,926,131],{"class":95},[62,928,161],{"class":139},[62,930,741],{"class":95},[62,932,933],{"class":72}," >",[62,935,270],{"class":99},[62,937,749],{"class":95},[62,939,940,942,944,946,949,951,954],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,941,754],{"class":127},[62,943,131],{"class":95},[62,945,161],{"class":139},[62,947,948],{"class":95},"[",[62,950,499],{"class":99},[62,952,953],{"class":95},"])",[62,955,956],{"class":146},"  # banana\n",[14,958,959],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[53,961,963],{"className":55,"code":962,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,964,965,989],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,966,967,970,972,974,977,979,982,984,987],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,968,969],{"class":68},"scores ",[62,971,73],{"class":72},[62,973,96],{"class":95},[62,975,976],{"class":99},"88",[62,978,103],{"class":95},[62,980,981],{"class":99}," 91",[62,983,103],{"class":95},[62,985,986],{"class":99}," 75",[62,988,114],{"class":95},[62,990,991,993,995,997,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1011],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,992,128],{"class":127},[62,994,131],{"class":95},[62,996,259],{"class":76},[62,998,999],{"class":80},"Number of scores:",[62,1001,259],{"class":76},[62,1003,103],{"class":95},[62,1005,733],{"class":127},[62,1007,131],{"class":95},[62,1009,1010],{"class":139},"scores",[62,1012,1013],{"class":95},"))\n",[14,1015,1016,1017,409],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[262,1018,1020],{"href":1019},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[48,1022,1024],{"id":1023},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,1026,1027,1028,1030],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,1029,20],{}," counts keys.",[53,1032,1034],{"className":55,"code":1033,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,1035,1036,1046,1067,1083,1101,1105,1109],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1037,1038,1041,1043],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1039,1040],{"class":68},"student ",[62,1042,73],{"class":72},[62,1044,1045],{"class":95}," {\n",[62,1047,1048,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059,1062,1064],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1049,1050],{"class":76},"    \"",[62,1052,329],{"class":80},[62,1054,259],{"class":76},[62,1056,267],{"class":95},[62,1058,77],{"class":76},[62,1060,1061],{"class":80},"Mia",[62,1063,259],{"class":76},[62,1065,1066],{"class":95},",\n",[62,1068,1069,1071,1074,1076,1078,1081],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,1070,1050],{"class":76},[62,1072,1073],{"class":80},"age",[62,1075,259],{"class":76},[62,1077,267],{"class":95},[62,1079,1080],{"class":99}," 12",[62,1082,1066],{"class":95},[62,1084,1085,1087,1090,1092,1094,1096,1099],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,1086,1050],{"class":76},[62,1088,1089],{"class":80},"grade",[62,1091,259],{"class":76},[62,1093,267],{"class":95},[62,1095,77],{"class":76},[62,1097,1098],{"class":80},"A",[62,1100,84],{"class":76},[62,1102,1103],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,1104,287],{"class":95},[62,1106,1107],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,1108,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,1110,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1122,1124],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,1112,128],{"class":127},[62,1114,131],{"class":95},[62,1116,134],{"class":127},[62,1118,131],{"class":95},[62,1120,1121],{"class":139},"student",[62,1123,143],{"class":95},[62,1125,166],{"class":146},[14,1127,1128,1129,1131],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,1130,20],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,1133,1134,1135,1137],{},"For sets, ",[18,1136,20],{}," counts unique items:",[53,1139,1141],{"className":55,"code":1140,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,1142,1143,1171],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1144,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1165,1167,1169],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1146,225],{"class":68},[62,1148,73],{"class":72},[62,1150,256],{"class":95},[62,1152,499],{"class":99},[62,1154,103],{"class":95},[62,1156,284],{"class":99},[62,1158,103],{"class":95},[62,1160,508],{"class":99},[62,1162,103],{"class":95},[62,1164,508],{"class":99},[62,1166,103],{"class":95},[62,1168,284],{"class":99},[62,1170,287],{"class":95},[62,1172,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1174,128],{"class":127},[62,1176,131],{"class":95},[62,1178,134],{"class":127},[62,1180,131],{"class":95},[62,1182,348],{"class":139},[62,1184,143],{"class":95},[62,1186,166],{"class":146},[14,1188,1189],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,1191,1192],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[53,1194,1196],{"className":55,"code":1195,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,1197,1198,1207,1211,1231],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1199,1200,1202,1204],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1201,251],{"class":68},[62,1203,73],{"class":72},[62,1205,1206],{"class":95}," {}\n",[62,1208,1209],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1210,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,1212,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1226,1229],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,1214,730],{"class":729},[62,1216,733],{"class":127},[62,1218,131],{"class":95},[62,1220,367],{"class":139},[62,1222,741],{"class":95},[62,1224,1225],{"class":72}," ==",[62,1227,1228],{"class":99}," 0",[62,1230,749],{"class":95},[62,1232,1233,1235,1237,1239,1242,1244],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,1234,754],{"class":127},[62,1236,131],{"class":95},[62,1238,259],{"class":76},[62,1240,1241],{"class":80},"The dictionary is empty",[62,1243,259],{"class":76},[62,1245,434],{"class":95},[48,1247,1249],{"id":1248},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[14,1251,1252,1253,409],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,1254,20],{},[1256,1257,1259],"h3",{"id":1258},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[53,1261,1263],{"className":55,"code":1262,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,1264,1265,1274,1278,1296],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1266,1267,1269,1271],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1268,90],{"class":68},[62,1270,73],{"class":72},[62,1272,1273],{"class":95}," []\n",[62,1275,1276],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1277,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,1279,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292,1294],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,1281,730],{"class":729},[62,1283,733],{"class":127},[62,1285,131],{"class":95},[62,1287,161],{"class":139},[62,1289,741],{"class":95},[62,1291,1225],{"class":72},[62,1293,1228],{"class":99},[62,1295,749],{"class":95},[62,1297,1298,1300,1302,1304,1307,1309],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,1299,754],{"class":127},[62,1301,131],{"class":95},[62,1303,259],{"class":76},[62,1305,1306],{"class":80},"The list is empty",[62,1308,259],{"class":76},[62,1310,434],{"class":95},[1256,1312,1314],{"id":1313},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[53,1316,1318],{"className":55,"code":1317,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,1319,1320,1341],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1321,1322,1325,1327,1330,1332,1334,1337,1339],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1323,1324],{"class":68},"word ",[62,1326,73],{"class":72},[62,1328,1329],{"class":127}," input",[62,1331,131],{"class":95},[62,1333,259],{"class":76},[62,1335,1336],{"class":80},"Enter a word: ",[62,1338,259],{"class":76},[62,1340,434],{"class":95},[62,1342,1343,1345,1347,1349,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1363],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1344,128],{"class":127},[62,1346,131],{"class":95},[62,1348,259],{"class":76},[62,1350,1351],{"class":80},"Number of characters:",[62,1353,259],{"class":76},[62,1355,103],{"class":95},[62,1357,733],{"class":127},[62,1359,131],{"class":95},[62,1361,1362],{"class":139},"word",[62,1364,1013],{"class":95},[1256,1366,1368],{"id":1367},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[53,1370,1372],{"className":55,"code":1371,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,1373,1374,1388,1392,1412,1427,1434],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1375,1376,1379,1381,1383,1386],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1377,1378],{"class":68},"password ",[62,1380,73],{"class":72},[62,1382,77],{"class":76},[62,1384,1385],{"class":80},"secret123",[62,1387,84],{"class":76},[62,1389,1390],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1391,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,1393,1394,1396,1398,1400,1403,1405,1407,1410],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,1395,730],{"class":729},[62,1397,733],{"class":127},[62,1399,131],{"class":95},[62,1401,1402],{"class":139},"password",[62,1404,741],{"class":95},[62,1406,744],{"class":72},[62,1408,1409],{"class":99}," 8",[62,1411,749],{"class":95},[62,1413,1414,1416,1418,1420,1423,1425],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,1415,754],{"class":127},[62,1417,131],{"class":95},[62,1419,259],{"class":76},[62,1421,1422],{"class":80},"Password length is valid",[62,1424,259],{"class":76},[62,1426,434],{"class":95},[62,1428,1429,1432],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,1430,1431],{"class":729},"else",[62,1433,749],{"class":95},[62,1435,1436,1438,1440,1442,1445,1447],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,1437,754],{"class":127},[62,1439,131],{"class":95},[62,1441,259],{"class":76},[62,1443,1444],{"class":80},"Password is too short",[62,1446,259],{"class":76},[62,1448,434],{"class":95},[1256,1450,1452],{"id":1451},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[53,1454,1456],{"className":55,"code":1455,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,1457,1458,1494],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1459,1460,1463,1465,1467,1469,1472,1474,1476,1478,1481,1483,1485,1487,1490,1492],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1461,1462],{"class":68},"results ",[62,1464,73],{"class":72},[62,1466,96],{"class":95},[62,1468,259],{"class":76},[62,1470,1471],{"class":80},"item1",[62,1473,259],{"class":76},[62,1475,103],{"class":95},[62,1477,77],{"class":76},[62,1479,1480],{"class":80},"item2",[62,1482,259],{"class":76},[62,1484,103],{"class":95},[62,1486,77],{"class":76},[62,1488,1489],{"class":80},"item3",[62,1491,259],{"class":76},[62,1493,114],{"class":95},[62,1495,1496,1498,1500,1502,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513,1516],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1497,128],{"class":127},[62,1499,131],{"class":95},[62,1501,259],{"class":76},[62,1503,1504],{"class":80},"Items found:",[62,1506,259],{"class":76},[62,1508,103],{"class":95},[62,1510,733],{"class":127},[62,1512,131],{"class":95},[62,1514,1515],{"class":139},"results",[62,1517,1013],{"class":95},[14,1519,1520],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[48,1522,1524],{"id":1523},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,1526,1527,1529],{},[18,1528,20],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,1531,1532,1533,267],{},"These will raise a ",[18,1534,1535],{},"TypeError",[29,1537,1538,1541,1544],{},[32,1539,1540],{},"plain integers",[32,1542,1543],{},"floats",[32,1545,1546],{},[18,1547,1548],{},"None",[14,1550,201],{},[53,1552,1554],{"className":55,"code":1553,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(len(5))\n",[18,1555,1556],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1557,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1559,128],{"class":127},[62,1561,131],{"class":95},[62,1563,134],{"class":127},[62,1565,131],{"class":95},[62,1567,299],{"class":99},[62,1569,1013],{"class":95},[14,1571,1572,1573,1575],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,1574,299],{}," does not have a length.",[14,1577,1578],{},"Another example:",[53,1580,1582],{"className":55,"code":1581,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,1583,1584],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1585,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594,1597],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1587,128],{"class":127},[62,1589,131],{"class":95},[62,1591,134],{"class":127},[62,1593,131],{"class":95},[62,1595,1596],{"class":99},"3.14",[62,1598,1013],{"class":95},[14,1600,1601,1602,267],{},"And with ",[18,1603,1548],{},[53,1605,1607],{"className":55,"code":1606,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,1608,1609,1620],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1610,1611,1614,1616],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1612,1613],{"class":68},"value ",[62,1615,73],{"class":72},[62,1617,1619],{"class":1618},"s39Yj"," None\n",[62,1621,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1633],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1623,128],{"class":127},[62,1625,131],{"class":95},[62,1627,134],{"class":127},[62,1629,131],{"class":95},[62,1631,1632],{"class":139},"value",[62,1634,1013],{"class":95},[14,1636,1637,1638,409],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[262,1639,1641],{"href":1640},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[48,1643,1645],{"id":1644},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,1647,1648,1649,1651],{},"Before using ",[18,1650,20],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,1653,1654],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[53,1656,1658],{"className":55,"code":1657,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,1659,1660,1668,1672,1682,1697,1717,1736],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1661,1662,1664,1666],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1663,1613],{"class":68},[62,1665,73],{"class":72},[62,1667,1619],{"class":1618},[62,1669,1670],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1671,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,1673,1674,1676,1678,1680],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,1675,128],{"class":127},[62,1677,131],{"class":95},[62,1679,1632],{"class":139},[62,1681,434],{"class":95},[62,1683,1684,1686,1688,1691,1693,1695],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,1685,128],{"class":127},[62,1687,131],{"class":95},[62,1689,1690],{"class":430},"type",[62,1692,131],{"class":95},[62,1694,1632],{"class":139},[62,1696,1013],{"class":95},[62,1698,1699,1701,1703,1706,1708,1710,1712,1715],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,1700,128],{"class":127},[62,1702,131],{"class":95},[62,1704,1705],{"class":127},"isinstance",[62,1707,131],{"class":95},[62,1709,1632],{"class":139},[62,1711,103],{"class":95},[62,1713,1714],{"class":430}," str",[62,1716,1013],{"class":95},[62,1718,1719,1721,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1734],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,1720,128],{"class":127},[62,1722,131],{"class":95},[62,1724,1705],{"class":127},[62,1726,131],{"class":95},[62,1728,1632],{"class":139},[62,1730,103],{"class":95},[62,1732,1733],{"class":430}," list",[62,1735,1013],{"class":95},[62,1737,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750,1753],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,1739,128],{"class":127},[62,1741,131],{"class":95},[62,1743,1705],{"class":127},[62,1745,131],{"class":95},[62,1747,1632],{"class":139},[62,1749,103],{"class":95},[62,1751,1752],{"class":430}," dict",[62,1754,1013],{"class":95},[14,1756,1757],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,1759,1760],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[53,1762,1764],{"className":55,"code":1763,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,1765,1766,1778,1782,1800],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1767,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1769,1613],{"class":68},[62,1771,73],{"class":72},[62,1773,77],{"class":76},[62,1775,81],{"class":80},[62,1777,84],{"class":76},[62,1779,1780],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1781,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,1783,1784,1786,1789,1792,1795,1798],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,1785,730],{"class":729},[62,1787,1788],{"class":68}," value ",[62,1790,1791],{"class":72},"is",[62,1793,1794],{"class":72}," not",[62,1796,1797],{"class":1618}," None",[62,1799,749],{"class":95},[62,1801,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810,1812],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,1803,754],{"class":127},[62,1805,131],{"class":95},[62,1807,134],{"class":127},[62,1809,131],{"class":95},[62,1811,1632],{"class":139},[62,1813,1013],{"class":95},[14,1815,1816,1817,409],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[262,1818,1820],{"href":1819},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F","Python type() function explained",[48,1822,1824],{"id":1823},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1826,1827,1828,267],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,1829,20],{},[29,1831,1832,1841,1849,1857,1864],{},[32,1833,1834,1835,1837,1838],{},"Using ",[18,1836,20],{}," on an integer like ",[18,1839,1840],{},"len(5)",[32,1842,1834,1843,1845,1846],{},[18,1844,20],{}," on a float like ",[18,1847,1848],{},"len(3.14)",[32,1850,1834,1851,1853,1854,1856],{},[18,1852,20],{}," on ",[18,1855,1548],{}," after a function returns nothing",[32,1858,1859,1860,1863],{},"Assuming ",[18,1861,1862],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[32,1865,1866],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,1868,1869],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[53,1871,1873],{"className":55,"code":1872,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,1874,1875,1913],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1876,1877,1880,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909,1911],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1878,1879],{"class":68},"person ",[62,1881,73],{"class":72},[62,1883,256],{"class":95},[62,1885,259],{"class":76},[62,1887,329],{"class":80},[62,1889,259],{"class":76},[62,1891,267],{"class":95},[62,1893,77],{"class":76},[62,1895,1896],{"class":80},"Ana",[62,1898,259],{"class":76},[62,1900,103],{"class":95},[62,1902,77],{"class":76},[62,1904,1073],{"class":80},[62,1906,259],{"class":76},[62,1908,267],{"class":95},[62,1910,106],{"class":99},[62,1912,287],{"class":95},[62,1914,1915,1917,1919,1921,1923,1926,1928],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1916,128],{"class":127},[62,1918,131],{"class":95},[62,1920,134],{"class":127},[62,1922,131],{"class":95},[62,1924,1925],{"class":139},"person",[62,1927,143],{"class":95},[62,1929,880],{"class":146},[14,1931,1932,1933,1936,1937,1940,1941,409],{},"The result is ",[18,1934,1935],{},"2"," because there are two keys: ",[18,1938,1939],{},"\"name\""," and ",[18,1942,1943],{},"\"age\"",[14,1945,1946],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[53,1948,1950],{"className":55,"code":1949,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,1951,1952,1965],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,1953,1954,1956,1958,1960,1963],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,1955,69],{"class":68},[62,1957,73],{"class":72},[62,1959,77],{"class":76},[62,1961,1962],{"class":80},"a b",[62,1964,84],{"class":76},[62,1966,1967,1969,1971,1973,1975,1977,1979],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,1968,128],{"class":127},[62,1970,131],{"class":95},[62,1972,134],{"class":127},[62,1974,131],{"class":95},[62,1976,140],{"class":139},[62,1978,143],{"class":95},[62,1980,166],{"class":146},[14,1982,1983],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[48,1985,1987],{"id":1986},"faq","FAQ",[1256,1989,1991],{"id":1990},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,1993,1994],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1256,1996,1998],{"id":1997},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,2000,2001],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1256,2003,2005],{"id":2004},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,2007,2008],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1256,2010,2012],{"id":2011},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,2014,2015,2016,2018,2019,2022,2023,2026,2027,409],{},"No. Using ",[18,2017,20],{}," on an ",[18,2020,2021],{},"int"," or ",[18,2024,2025],{},"float"," raises a ",[18,2028,1535],{},[1256,2030,2032],{"id":2031},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,2034,2035,2036,409],{},"You can use ",[18,2037,2038],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,2040,201],{},[53,2042,2044],{"className":55,"code":2043,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,2045,2046,2055,2059,2078],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2047,2048,2051,2053],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2049,2050],{"class":68},"my_list ",[62,2052,73],{"class":72},[62,2054,1273],{"class":95},[62,2056,2057],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2058,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,2060,2061,2063,2065,2067,2070,2072,2074,2076],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2062,730],{"class":729},[62,2064,733],{"class":127},[62,2066,131],{"class":95},[62,2068,2069],{"class":139},"my_list",[62,2071,741],{"class":95},[62,2073,1225],{"class":72},[62,2075,1228],{"class":99},[62,2077,749],{"class":95},[62,2079,2080,2082,2084,2086,2089,2091],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,2081,754],{"class":127},[62,2083,131],{"class":95},[62,2085,259],{"class":76},[62,2087,2088],{"class":80},"Empty list",[62,2090,259],{"class":76},[62,2092,434],{"class":95},[14,2094,2095,2096,2099,2100,2102,2103,2105],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,2097,2098],{},"False"," in an ",[18,2101,730],{}," statement, but ",[18,2104,20],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[48,2107,2109],{"id":2108},"see-also","See also",[29,2111,2112,2116,2120,2124,2129,2133,2139],{},[32,2113,2114],{},[262,2115,398],{"href":397},[32,2117,2118],{},[262,2119,403],{"href":402},[32,2121,2122],{},[262,2123,408],{"href":407},[32,2125,2126],{},[262,2127,2128],{"href":1019},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[32,2130,2131],{},[262,2132,1820],{"href":1819},[32,2134,2135],{},[262,2136,2138],{"href":2137},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[32,2140,2141],{},[262,2142,2143],{"href":1640},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2145,2146,2147],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":2149},[2150,2151,2152,2153,2154,2155,2156,2162,2163,2164,2165,2172],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":175,"depth":87,"text":176},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":567,"depth":87,"text":568},{"id":768,"depth":87,"text":769},{"id":1023,"depth":87,"text":1024},{"id":1248,"depth":87,"text":1249,"children":2157},[2158,2159,2160,2161],{"id":1258,"depth":117,"text":1259},{"id":1313,"depth":117,"text":1314},{"id":1367,"depth":117,"text":1368},{"id":1451,"depth":117,"text":1452},{"id":1523,"depth":87,"text":1524},{"id":1644,"depth":87,"text":1645},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":2166},[2167,2168,2169,2170,2171],{"id":1990,"depth":117,"text":1991},{"id":1997,"depth":117,"text":1998},{"id":2004,"depth":117,"text":2005},{"id":2011,"depth":117,"text":2012},{"id":2031,"depth":117,"text":2032},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2173},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",[2181,3771,5476,7164,9290,11482,12999,15170,17374,19830,21667,24229,26328,28609,30557,32467,34464,35901,37728,40243,42402,43629,45000,46648,48968,50810,52584,54278,55531,57225,58976,60948,62698,64798,66158,68109,69672,71663,73458,75358,77800,79878,82518,84547,86510,88698,90702,93015,94697,96142,97336,98514,100354,102794,104498,106513,108037,109282,110445,111827,113898,115795,117569,119435,121554,123294,124756,126350,128273,129950,131885,133374,136158,137735,139294,141322,143274,144737,145926,147812,149223,150919,152473,153895,155298,157196,159590,161421],{"id":2182,"title":2183,"body":2184,"description":3765,"extension":2174,"meta":3766,"navigation":120,"path":3767,"seo":3768,"stem":3769,"__hash__":3770},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2185,"toc":3737},[2186,2189,2196,2199,2210,2213,2215,2280,2283,2303,2308,2312,2317,2320,2335,2338,2362,2365,2367,2369,2384,2387,2411,2413,2473,2475,2490,2500,2510,2514,2517,2570,2572,2592,2595,2619,2626,2630,2635,2641,2643,2679,2681,2690,2696,2714,2717,2729,2733,2738,2742,2745,2766,2768,2826,2828,2836,2839,2843,2875,2877,2885,2888,2892,2897,2945,2947,2955,2959,3019,3021,3029,3032,3034,3038,3041,3064,3073,3088,3139,3141,3156,3167,3171,3174,3202,3208,3212,3217,3258,3260,3271,3274,3317,3319,3327,3331,3336,3358,3360,3369,3378,3382,3387,3409,3411,3481,3483,3535,3538,3541,3544,3623,3625,3656,3658,3662,3665,3669,3672,3676,3679,3683,3695,3699,3702,3704,3734],[10,2187,2183],{"id":2188},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2190,2191,2192,2195],{},"The ",[18,2193,2194],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2197,2198],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[29,2200,2201,2204,2207],{},[32,2202,2203],{},"a number without its negative sign",[32,2205,2206],{},"the distance between two numbers",[32,2208,2209],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2211,2212],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[48,2214,51],{"id":50},[53,2216,2218],{"className":55,"code":2217,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,2219,2220,2239,2254],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2221,2222,2224,2226,2229,2231,2234,2237],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2223,128],{"class":127},[62,2225,131],{"class":95},[62,2227,2228],{"class":127},"abs",[62,2230,131],{"class":95},[62,2232,2233],{"class":72},"-",[62,2235,2236],{"class":99},"7",[62,2238,1013],{"class":95},[62,2240,2241,2243,2245,2247,2249,2252],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2242,128],{"class":127},[62,2244,131],{"class":95},[62,2246,2228],{"class":127},[62,2248,131],{"class":95},[62,2250,2251],{"class":99},"3.5",[62,2253,1013],{"class":95},[62,2255,2256,2258,2260,2262,2264,2266,2268,2271,2274,2278],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2257,128],{"class":127},[62,2259,131],{"class":95},[62,2261,2228],{"class":127},[62,2263,131],{"class":95},[62,2265,2233],{"class":72},[62,2267,1935],{"class":99},[62,2269,2270],{"class":72},"+",[62,2272,2273],{"class":99},"3",[62,2275,2277],{"class":2276},"sbsja","j",[62,2279,1013],{"class":95},[14,2281,2282],{},"Output:",[53,2284,2286],{"className":55,"code":2285,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,2287,2288,2293,2298],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2289,2290],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2291,2292],{"class":99},"7\n",[62,2294,2295],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2296,2297],{"class":99},"3.5\n",[62,2299,2300],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2301,2302],{"class":99},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2304,169,2305,2307],{},[18,2306,2194],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[48,2309,2311],{"id":2310},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2313,2314,2316],{},[18,2315,2194],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2318,2319],{},"That means:",[29,2321,2322,2325,2328],{},[32,2323,2324],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[32,2326,2327],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[32,2329,2330,2332,2333],{},[18,2331,665],{}," stays ",[18,2334,665],{},[14,2336,2337],{},"Examples:",[29,2339,2340,2348,2355],{},[32,2341,2342,2345,2346],{},[18,2343,2344],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,2347,299],{},[32,2349,2350,2345,2353],{},[18,2351,2352],{},"abs(9)",[18,2354,631],{},[32,2356,2357,2345,2360],{},[18,2358,2359],{},"abs(0)",[18,2361,665],{},[14,2363,2364],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[48,2366,413],{"id":412},[14,2368,416],{},[53,2370,2372],{"className":55,"code":2371,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"abs(x)\n",[18,2373,2374],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2375,2376,2378,2380,2382],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2377,2228],{"class":127},[62,2379,131],{"class":95},[62,2381,552],{"class":139},[62,2383,434],{"class":95},[14,2385,2386],{},"Here:",[29,2388,2389,2403,2408],{},[32,2390,2391,2393,2394,399,2396,2398,2399,2402],{},[18,2392,552],{}," is usually an ",[18,2395,2021],{},[18,2397,2025],{},", or ",[18,2400,2401],{},"complex"," number",[32,2404,2405,2407],{},[18,2406,2194],{}," returns a new value",[32,2409,2410],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2412,201],{},[53,2414,2416],{"className":55,"code":2415,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,2417,2418,2431,2448,2452,2462],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2419,2420,2423,2425,2428],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2421,2422],{"class":68},"number ",[62,2424,73],{"class":72},[62,2426,2427],{"class":72}," -",[62,2429,2430],{"class":99},"12\n",[62,2432,2433,2436,2438,2441,2443,2446],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2434,2435],{"class":68},"result ",[62,2437,73],{"class":72},[62,2439,2440],{"class":127}," abs",[62,2442,131],{"class":95},[62,2444,2445],{"class":139},"number",[62,2447,434],{"class":95},[62,2449,2450],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2451,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,2453,2454,2456,2458,2460],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,2455,128],{"class":127},[62,2457,131],{"class":95},[62,2459,2445],{"class":139},[62,2461,434],{"class":95},[62,2463,2464,2466,2468,2471],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,2465,128],{"class":127},[62,2467,131],{"class":95},[62,2469,2470],{"class":139},"result",[62,2472,434],{"class":95},[14,2474,2282],{},[53,2476,2478],{"className":55,"code":2477,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"-12\n12\n",[18,2479,2480,2486],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2481,2482,2484],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2483,2233],{"class":72},[62,2485,2430],{"class":99},[62,2487,2488],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2489,2430],{"class":99},[14,2491,2492,2493,2495,2496,2499],{},"Notice that ",[18,2494,2445],{}," is still ",[18,2497,2498],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2501,2502,2503,2509],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[262,2504,2505,2508],{"href":1819},[18,2506,2507],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[48,2511,2513],{"id":2512},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2515,2516],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[53,2518,2520],{"className":55,"code":2519,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2521,2522,2538,2553],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2523,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532,2534,2536],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2525,128],{"class":127},[62,2527,131],{"class":95},[62,2529,2228],{"class":127},[62,2531,131],{"class":95},[62,2533,2233],{"class":72},[62,2535,100],{"class":99},[62,2537,1013],{"class":95},[62,2539,2540,2542,2544,2546,2548,2551],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2541,128],{"class":127},[62,2543,131],{"class":95},[62,2545,2228],{"class":127},[62,2547,131],{"class":95},[62,2549,2550],{"class":99},"8",[62,2552,1013],{"class":95},[62,2554,2555,2557,2559,2561,2563,2565,2568],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2556,128],{"class":127},[62,2558,131],{"class":95},[62,2560,2228],{"class":127},[62,2562,131],{"class":95},[62,2564,2233],{"class":72},[62,2566,2567],{"class":99},"4.2",[62,2569,1013],{"class":95},[14,2571,2282],{},[53,2573,2575],{"className":55,"code":2574,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2576,2577,2582,2587],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2578,2579],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2580,2581],{"class":99},"10\n",[62,2583,2584],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2585,2586],{"class":99},"8\n",[62,2588,2589],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2590,2591],{"class":99},"4.2\n",[14,2593,2594],{},"What each line does:",[29,2596,2597,2605,2612],{},[32,2598,2599,2602,2603],{},[18,2600,2601],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[18,2604,100],{},[32,2606,2607,2602,2610],{},[18,2608,2609],{},"abs(8)",[18,2611,2550],{},[32,2613,2614,2602,2617],{},[18,2615,2616],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,2618,2567],{},[14,2620,2621,2622,409],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[262,2623,2625],{"href":2624},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[48,2627,2629],{"id":2628},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2631,2632,2634],{},[18,2633,2194],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2636,2637,2638,2640],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,2639,665],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2642,201],{},[53,2644,2646],{"className":55,"code":2645,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,2647,2648,2665],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2649,2650,2652,2654,2656,2659,2662],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2651,1613],{"class":68},[62,2653,73],{"class":72},[62,2655,508],{"class":99},[62,2657,2658],{"class":72}," +",[62,2660,2661],{"class":99}," 4",[62,2663,2664],{"class":2276},"j\n",[62,2666,2667,2669,2671,2673,2675,2677],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2668,128],{"class":127},[62,2670,131],{"class":95},[62,2672,2228],{"class":127},[62,2674,131],{"class":95},[62,2676,1632],{"class":139},[62,2678,1013],{"class":95},[14,2680,2282],{},[53,2682,2684],{"className":55,"code":2683,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"5.0\n",[18,2685,2686],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2687,2688],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2689,2683],{"class":99},[14,2691,2692,2693,632],{},"Why ",[18,2694,2695],{},"5.0",[29,2697,2698,2703,2709],{},[32,2699,2700,2701],{},"the real part is ",[18,2702,2273],{},[32,2704,2705,2706],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,2707,2708],{},"4",[32,2710,2711,2712],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,2713,2695],{},[14,2715,2716],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[29,2718,2719,2726],{},[32,2720,2721,2723,2724],{},[18,2722,2194],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,2725,2025],{},[32,2727,2728],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[48,2730,2732],{"id":2731},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2734,2735,2736,409],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,2737,2194],{},[1256,2739,2741],{"id":2740},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2743,2744],{},"A very common pattern is:",[53,2746,2748],{"className":55,"code":2747,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,2749,2750],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2751,2752,2754,2756,2759,2761,2764],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2753,2228],{"class":127},[62,2755,131],{"class":95},[62,2757,2758],{"class":139},"a ",[62,2760,2233],{"class":72},[62,2762,2763],{"class":139}," b",[62,2765,434],{"class":95},[14,2767,201],{},[53,2769,2771],{"className":55,"code":2770,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,2772,2773,2782,2792,2796,2815],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2774,2775,2777,2779],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2776,2758],{"class":68},[62,2778,73],{"class":72},[62,2780,2781],{"class":99}," 3\n",[62,2783,2784,2787,2789],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2785,2786],{"class":68},"b ",[62,2788,73],{"class":72},[62,2790,2791],{"class":99}," 10\n",[62,2793,2794],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2795,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,2797,2798,2801,2803,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,2799,2800],{"class":68},"distance ",[62,2802,73],{"class":72},[62,2804,2440],{"class":127},[62,2806,131],{"class":95},[62,2808,2758],{"class":139},[62,2810,2233],{"class":72},[62,2812,2763],{"class":139},[62,2814,434],{"class":95},[62,2816,2817,2819,2821,2824],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,2818,128],{"class":127},[62,2820,131],{"class":95},[62,2822,2823],{"class":139},"distance",[62,2825,434],{"class":95},[14,2827,2282],{},[53,2829,2830],{"className":55,"code":2292,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,2831,2832],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2833,2834],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2835,2292],{"class":99},[14,2837,2838],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1256,2840,2842],{"id":2841},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[53,2844,2846],{"className":55,"code":2845,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2847,2848,2860],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2849,2850,2853,2855,2857],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2851,2852],{"class":68},"temperature_change ",[62,2854,73],{"class":72},[62,2856,2427],{"class":72},[62,2858,2859],{"class":99},"6\n",[62,2861,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870,2873],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2863,128],{"class":127},[62,2865,131],{"class":95},[62,2867,2228],{"class":127},[62,2869,131],{"class":95},[62,2871,2872],{"class":139},"temperature_change",[62,2874,1013],{"class":95},[14,2876,2282],{},[53,2878,2879],{"className":55,"code":2859,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,2880,2881],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2882,2883],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2884,2859],{"class":99},[14,2886,2887],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1256,2889,2891],{"id":2890},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2893,2894,2895,2509],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,2896,2194],{},[53,2898,2900],{"className":55,"code":2899,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,2901,2902,2914,2930,2934],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2903,2904,2907,2909,2911],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2905,2906],{"class":68},"balance_change ",[62,2908,73],{"class":72},[62,2910,2427],{"class":72},[62,2912,2913],{"class":99},"25\n",[62,2915,2916,2919,2921,2923,2925,2928],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2917,2918],{"class":68},"safe_value ",[62,2920,73],{"class":72},[62,2922,2440],{"class":127},[62,2924,131],{"class":95},[62,2926,2927],{"class":139},"balance_change",[62,2929,434],{"class":95},[62,2931,2932],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2933,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,2935,2936,2938,2940,2943],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,2937,128],{"class":127},[62,2939,131],{"class":95},[62,2941,2942],{"class":139},"safe_value",[62,2944,434],{"class":95},[14,2946,2282],{},[53,2948,2949],{"className":55,"code":2913,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,2950,2951],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2952,2953],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2954,2913],{"class":99},[1256,2956,2958],{"id":2957},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[53,2960,2962],{"className":55,"code":2961,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,2963,2964,2974,2984,2988,3008],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,2965,2966,2969,2971],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,2967,2968],{"class":68},"guess ",[62,2970,73],{"class":72},[62,2972,2973],{"class":99}," 42\n",[62,2975,2976,2979,2981],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,2977,2978],{"class":68},"target ",[62,2980,73],{"class":72},[62,2982,2983],{"class":99}," 50\n",[62,2985,2986],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,2987,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,2989,2990,2993,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003,3006],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,2991,2992],{"class":68},"difference ",[62,2994,73],{"class":72},[62,2996,2440],{"class":127},[62,2998,131],{"class":95},[62,3000,2968],{"class":139},[62,3002,2233],{"class":72},[62,3004,3005],{"class":139}," target",[62,3007,434],{"class":95},[62,3009,3010,3012,3014,3017],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,3011,128],{"class":127},[62,3013,131],{"class":95},[62,3015,3016],{"class":139},"difference",[62,3018,434],{"class":95},[14,3020,2282],{},[53,3022,3023],{"className":55,"code":2586,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,3024,3025],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3026,3027],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3028,2586],{"class":99},[14,3030,3031],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[48,3033,1824],{"id":1823},[1256,3035,3037],{"id":3036},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3039,3040],{},"This causes an error:",[53,3042,3044],{"className":55,"code":3043,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,3045,3046],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3047,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056,3058,3060,3062],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3049,128],{"class":127},[62,3051,131],{"class":95},[62,3053,2228],{"class":127},[62,3055,131],{"class":95},[62,3057,259],{"class":76},[62,3059,299],{"class":80},[62,3061,259],{"class":76},[62,3063,1013],{"class":95},[14,3065,3066,3069,3070,3072],{},[18,3067,3068],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,3071,2194],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3074,3075,3076,2022,3082,267],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[262,3077,3079],{"href":3078},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,3080,3081],{},"int()",[262,3083,3085],{"href":3084},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,3086,3087],{},"float()",[53,3089,3091],{"className":55,"code":3090,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,3092,3093,3116],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3094,3095,3097,3099,3101,3103,3105,3107,3109,3111,3113],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3096,128],{"class":127},[62,3098,131],{"class":95},[62,3100,2228],{"class":127},[62,3102,131],{"class":95},[62,3104,2021],{"class":430},[62,3106,131],{"class":95},[62,3108,259],{"class":76},[62,3110,299],{"class":80},[62,3112,259],{"class":76},[62,3114,3115],{"class":95},")))\n",[62,3117,3118,3120,3122,3124,3126,3128,3130,3132,3135,3137],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3119,128],{"class":127},[62,3121,131],{"class":95},[62,3123,2228],{"class":127},[62,3125,131],{"class":95},[62,3127,2025],{"class":430},[62,3129,131],{"class":95},[62,3131,259],{"class":76},[62,3133,3134],{"class":80},"-3.2",[62,3136,259],{"class":76},[62,3138,3115],{"class":95},[14,3140,2282],{},[53,3142,3144],{"className":55,"code":3143,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"5\n3.2\n",[18,3145,3146,3151],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3147,3148],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3149,3150],{"class":99},"5\n",[62,3152,3153],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3154,3155],{"class":99},"3.2\n",[14,3157,3158,3159,3162,3163,409],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,3160,3161],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[262,3164,3166],{"href":3165},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1256,3168,3170],{"id":3169},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3172,3173],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[53,3175,3177],{"className":55,"code":3176,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,3178,3179],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3180,3181,3183,3185,3187,3189,3191,3193,3195,3197,3199],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3182,128],{"class":127},[62,3184,131],{"class":95},[62,3186,2228],{"class":127},[62,3188,496],{"class":95},[62,3190,499],{"class":99},[62,3192,103],{"class":95},[62,3194,284],{"class":99},[62,3196,103],{"class":95},[62,3198,508],{"class":99},[62,3200,3201],{"class":95},"]))\n",[14,3203,3204,3205,3207],{},"This raises a ",[18,3206,1535],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1256,3209,3211],{"id":3210},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3213,3214,3216],{},[18,3215,2194],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[53,3218,3220],{"className":55,"code":3219,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3221,3222,3234,3244,3248],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3223,3224,3227,3229,3231],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3225,3226],{"class":68},"x ",[62,3228,73],{"class":72},[62,3230,2427],{"class":72},[62,3232,3233],{"class":99},"9\n",[62,3235,3236,3238,3240,3242],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3237,2228],{"class":127},[62,3239,131],{"class":95},[62,3241,552],{"class":139},[62,3243,434],{"class":95},[62,3245,3246],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,3247,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,3249,3250,3252,3254,3256],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,3251,128],{"class":127},[62,3253,131],{"class":95},[62,3255,552],{"class":139},[62,3257,434],{"class":95},[14,3259,2282],{},[53,3261,3263],{"className":55,"code":3262,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"-9\n",[18,3264,3265],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3266,3267,3269],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3268,2233],{"class":72},[62,3270,3233],{"class":99},[14,3272,3273],{},"If you want to store the result:",[53,3275,3277],{"className":55,"code":3276,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3278,3279,3289,3303,3307],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3280,3281,3283,3285,3287],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3282,3226],{"class":68},[62,3284,73],{"class":72},[62,3286,2427],{"class":72},[62,3288,3233],{"class":99},[62,3290,3291,3293,3295,3297,3299,3301],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3292,3226],{"class":68},[62,3294,73],{"class":72},[62,3296,2440],{"class":127},[62,3298,131],{"class":95},[62,3300,552],{"class":139},[62,3302,434],{"class":95},[62,3304,3305],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,3306,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,3308,3309,3311,3313,3315],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,3310,128],{"class":127},[62,3312,131],{"class":95},[62,3314,552],{"class":139},[62,3316,434],{"class":95},[14,3318,2282],{},[53,3320,3321],{"className":55,"code":3233,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,3322,3323],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3324,3325],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3326,3233],{"class":99},[1256,3328,3330],{"id":3329},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3332,3333,3335],{},[18,3334,2194],{}," does not round numbers.",[53,3337,3339],{"className":55,"code":3338,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,3340,3341],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3342,3343,3345,3347,3349,3351,3353,3356],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3344,128],{"class":127},[62,3346,131],{"class":95},[62,3348,2228],{"class":127},[62,3350,131],{"class":95},[62,3352,2233],{"class":72},[62,3354,3355],{"class":99},"4.7",[62,3357,1013],{"class":95},[14,3359,2282],{},[53,3361,3363],{"className":55,"code":3362,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"4.7\n",[18,3364,3365],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3366,3367],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3368,3362],{"class":99},[14,3370,3371,3372,3374,3375,3377],{},"If you expected ",[18,3373,299],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,3376,2194],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[48,3379,3381],{"id":3380},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3383,3384,3386],{},[18,3385,2194],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[29,3388,3389,3396,3403],{},[32,3390,3391,3393,3394],{},[18,3392,2021],{}," input → returns an ",[18,3395,2021],{},[32,3397,3398,3400,3401],{},[18,3399,2025],{}," input → returns a ",[18,3402,2025],{},[32,3404,3405,3400,3407],{},[18,3406,2401],{},[18,3408,2025],{},[14,3410,201],{},[53,3412,3414],{"className":55,"code":3413,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,3415,3416,3436,3457],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3417,3418,3420,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3419,128],{"class":127},[62,3421,131],{"class":95},[62,3423,1690],{"class":430},[62,3425,131],{"class":95},[62,3427,2228],{"class":127},[62,3429,131],{"class":95},[62,3431,2233],{"class":72},[62,3433,299],{"class":99},[62,3435,3115],{"class":95},[62,3437,3438,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450,3452,3455],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3439,128],{"class":127},[62,3441,131],{"class":95},[62,3443,1690],{"class":430},[62,3445,131],{"class":95},[62,3447,2228],{"class":127},[62,3449,131],{"class":95},[62,3451,2233],{"class":72},[62,3453,3454],{"class":99},"3.2",[62,3456,3115],{"class":95},[62,3458,3459,3461,3463,3465,3467,3469,3471,3473,3475,3477,3479],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,3460,128],{"class":127},[62,3462,131],{"class":95},[62,3464,1690],{"class":430},[62,3466,131],{"class":95},[62,3468,2228],{"class":127},[62,3470,131],{"class":95},[62,3472,2273],{"class":99},[62,3474,2658],{"class":72},[62,3476,2661],{"class":99},[62,3478,2277],{"class":2276},[62,3480,3115],{"class":95},[14,3482,2282],{},[53,3484,3486],{"className":55,"code":3485,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3487,3488,3507,3521],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3489,3490,3493,3496,3499,3501,3504],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3491,3492],{"class":72},"\u003C",[62,3494,3495],{"class":2276},"class",[62,3497,3498],{"class":76}," '",[62,3500,2021],{"class":80},[62,3502,3503],{"class":76},"'",[62,3505,3506],{"class":72},">\n",[62,3508,3509,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3510,3492],{"class":72},[62,3512,3495],{"class":2276},[62,3514,3498],{"class":76},[62,3516,2025],{"class":80},[62,3518,3503],{"class":76},[62,3520,3506],{"class":72},[62,3522,3523,3525,3527,3529,3531,3533],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,3524,3492],{"class":72},[62,3526,3495],{"class":2276},[62,3528,3498],{"class":76},[62,3530,2025],{"class":80},[62,3532,3503],{"class":76},[62,3534,3506],{"class":72},[14,3536,3537],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3539,3540],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3542,3543],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[53,3545,3547],{"className":55,"code":3546,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3548,3549,3562,3572,3586,3590,3604],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3550,3551,3553,3555,3557,3560],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3552,1613],{"class":68},[62,3554,73],{"class":72},[62,3556,77],{"class":76},[62,3558,3559],{"class":80},"-5",[62,3561,84],{"class":76},[62,3563,3564,3566,3568,3570],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3565,128],{"class":127},[62,3567,131],{"class":95},[62,3569,1632],{"class":139},[62,3571,434],{"class":95},[62,3573,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582,3584],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,3575,128],{"class":127},[62,3577,131],{"class":95},[62,3579,1690],{"class":430},[62,3581,131],{"class":95},[62,3583,1632],{"class":139},[62,3585,1013],{"class":95},[62,3587,3588],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,3589,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,3591,3592,3595,3597,3599,3602],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,3593,3594],{"class":68},"user_input ",[62,3596,73],{"class":72},[62,3598,77],{"class":76},[62,3600,3601],{"class":80},"-3.7",[62,3603,84],{"class":76},[62,3605,3606,3608,3610,3612,3614,3616,3618,3621],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,3607,128],{"class":127},[62,3609,131],{"class":95},[62,3611,2228],{"class":127},[62,3613,131],{"class":95},[62,3615,2025],{"class":430},[62,3617,131],{"class":95},[62,3619,3620],{"class":139},"user_input",[62,3622,3115],{"class":95},[14,3624,2282],{},[53,3626,3628],{"className":55,"code":3627,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,3629,3630,3636,3651],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3631,3632,3634],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3633,2233],{"class":72},[62,3635,3150],{"class":99},[62,3637,3638,3640,3642,3644,3647,3649],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3639,3492],{"class":72},[62,3641,3495],{"class":2276},[62,3643,3498],{"class":76},[62,3645,3646],{"class":80},"str",[62,3648,3503],{"class":76},[62,3650,3506],{"class":72},[62,3652,3653],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,3654,3655],{"class":99},"3.7\n",[48,3657,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,3659,3661],{"id":3660},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3663,3664],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1256,3666,3668],{"id":3667},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3670,3671],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1256,3673,3675],{"id":3674},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3677,3678],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1256,3680,3682],{"id":3681},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3684,3685,3687,3688,2022,3690,3692,3693,409],{},[18,3686,3161],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,3689,3081],{},[18,3691,3087],{}," before using ",[18,3694,2194],{},[1256,3696,3698],{"id":3697},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3700,3701],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[48,3703,2109],{"id":2108},[29,3705,3706,3713,3719,3725,3730],{},[32,3707,3708],{},[262,3709,3710,3712],{"href":3078},[18,3711,3081],{}," function explained",[32,3714,3715],{},[262,3716,3717,3712],{"href":3084},[18,3718,3087],{},[32,3720,3721],{},[262,3722,3723,3712],{"href":1819},[18,3724,2507],{},[32,3726,3727],{},[262,3728,3729],{"href":3165},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[32,3731,3732],{},[262,3733,2625],{"href":2624},[2145,3735,3736],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":3738},[3739,3740,3741,3742,3743,3744,3750,3756,3757,3764],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":2310,"depth":87,"text":2311},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":2512,"depth":87,"text":2513},{"id":2628,"depth":87,"text":2629},{"id":2731,"depth":87,"text":2732,"children":3745},[3746,3747,3748,3749],{"id":2740,"depth":117,"text":2741},{"id":2841,"depth":117,"text":2842},{"id":2890,"depth":117,"text":2891},{"id":2957,"depth":117,"text":2958},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":3751},[3752,3753,3754,3755],{"id":3036,"depth":117,"text":3037},{"id":3169,"depth":117,"text":3170},{"id":3210,"depth":117,"text":3211},{"id":3329,"depth":117,"text":3330},{"id":3380,"depth":87,"text":3381},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":3758},[3759,3760,3761,3762,3763],{"id":3660,"depth":117,"text":3661},{"id":3667,"depth":117,"text":3668},{"id":3674,"depth":117,"text":3675},{"id":3681,"depth":117,"text":3682},{"id":3697,"depth":117,"text":3698},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2183,"description":3765},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3772,"title":3773,"body":3774,"description":5470,"extension":2174,"meta":5471,"navigation":120,"path":5472,"seo":5473,"stem":5474,"__hash__":5475},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3775,"toc":5434},[3776,3784,3790,3793,3810,3814,3867,3876,3883,3887,3906,3909,3926,3929,3933,3941,3959,3962,4001,4004,4011,4017,4089,4091,4122,4128,4132,4136,4175,4177,4186,4193,4197,4236,4238,4247,4257,4261,4315,4317,4325,4328,4331,4378,4380,4388,4394,4401,4406,4409,4412,4479,4481,4489,4492,4559,4561,4569,4583,4586,4597,4601,4607,4610,4612,4628,4630,4638,4641,4644,4647,4664,4667,4670,4700,4702,4715,4719,4723,4726,4741,4746,4749,4776,4782,4785,4825,4832,4838,4846,4849,4901,4908,4971,4976,4985,4988,5006,5012,5015,5157,5163,5168,5171,5182,5185,5240,5242,5250,5253,5311,5313,5321,5324,5335,5337,5344,5353,5362,5365,5372,5375,5384,5397,5399,5431],[10,3777,3779,3780,3783],{"id":3778},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3781,3782],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3785,3786,3787,3789],{},"Python’s ",[18,3788,3782],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3791,3792],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[29,3794,3795,3798,3801],{},[32,3796,3797],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[32,3799,3800],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[32,3802,3803,2602,3806,3809],{},[18,3804,3805],{},"all([])",[18,3807,3808],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[48,3811,3813],{"id":3812},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[53,3815,3817],{"className":55,"code":3816,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3818,3819,3839,3854],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3820,3821,3823,3825,3827,3829,3831,3833,3835,3837],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3822,225],{"class":68},[62,3824,73],{"class":72},[62,3826,96],{"class":95},[62,3828,499],{"class":99},[62,3830,103],{"class":95},[62,3832,284],{"class":99},[62,3834,103],{"class":95},[62,3836,508],{"class":99},[62,3838,114],{"class":95},[62,3840,3841,3843,3845,3848,3850,3852],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,3842,2435],{"class":68},[62,3844,73],{"class":72},[62,3846,3847],{"class":127}," all",[62,3849,131],{"class":95},[62,3851,348],{"class":139},[62,3853,434],{"class":95},[62,3855,3856,3858,3860,3862,3864],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,3857,128],{"class":127},[62,3859,131],{"class":95},[62,3861,2470],{"class":139},[62,3863,741],{"class":95},[62,3865,3866],{"class":146},"  # True\n",[14,3868,3869,2602,3871,3873,3874,409],{},[18,3870,3782],{},[18,3872,3808],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3875,2098],{},[48,3877,3879,3880,3882],{"id":3878},"what-all-does","What ",[18,3881,3782],{}," does",[14,3884,3885,267],{},[18,3886,3782],{},[29,3888,3889,3892,3898,3903],{},[32,3890,3891],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[32,3893,3894,3895,3897],{},"returns ",[18,3896,3808],{}," if all items are truthy",[32,3899,3894,3900,3902],{},[18,3901,2098],{}," if any item is falsy",[32,3904,3905],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3907,3908],{},"Basic syntax:",[53,3910,3912],{"className":55,"code":3911,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"all(iterable)\n",[18,3913,3914],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,3915,3916,3919,3921,3924],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,3917,3918],{"class":127},"all",[62,3920,131],{"class":95},[62,3922,3923],{"class":139},"iterable",[62,3925,434],{"class":95},[14,3927,3928],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[48,3930,3932],{"id":3931},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3934,3935,3936,2022,3938,3940],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,3937,3808],{},[18,3939,2098],{}," in conditions.",[29,3942,3943,3952],{},[32,3944,3945,3949,3950],{},[3946,3947,3948],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,3951,3808],{},[32,3953,3954,3949,3957],{},[3946,3955,3956],{},"Falsy",[18,3958,2098],{},[14,3960,3961],{},"Common falsy values include:",[29,3963,3964,3968,3973,3978,3982,3986,3991,3996],{},[32,3965,3966],{},[18,3967,665],{},[32,3969,3970],{},[18,3971,3972],{},"0.0",[32,3974,3975],{},[18,3976,3977],{},"''",[32,3979,3980],{},[18,3981,1548],{},[32,3983,3984],{},[18,3985,2098],{},[32,3987,3988],{},[18,3989,3990],{},"[]",[32,3992,3993],{},[18,3994,3995],{},"{}",[32,3997,3998],{},[18,3999,4000],{},"set()",[14,4002,4003],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4005,4006,4007,409],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[262,4008,4010],{"href":4009},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4012,4013,4014,267],{},"You can test this with ",[18,4015,4016],{},"bool()",[53,4018,4020],{"className":55,"code":4019,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,4021,4022,4055,4059],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4023,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036,4038,4041,4043,4045,4047,4049,4051,4053],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4025,292],{"class":68},[62,4027,73],{"class":72},[62,4029,96],{"class":95},[62,4031,499],{"class":99},[62,4033,103],{"class":95},[62,4035,1228],{"class":99},[62,4037,103],{"class":95},[62,4039,4040],{"class":76}," ''",[62,4042,103],{"class":95},[62,4044,3498],{"class":76},[62,4046,81],{"class":80},[62,4048,3503],{"class":76},[62,4050,103],{"class":95},[62,4052,1797],{"class":1618},[62,4054,114],{"class":95},[62,4056,4057],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4058,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,4060,4061,4063,4065,4068,4070,4072,4074,4077,4080,4083,4086],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,4062,128],{"class":127},[62,4064,496],{"class":95},[62,4066,4067],{"class":430},"bool",[62,4069,131],{"class":95},[62,4071,552],{"class":139},[62,4073,741],{"class":95},[62,4075,4076],{"class":729}," for",[62,4078,4079],{"class":139}," x ",[62,4081,4082],{"class":729},"in",[62,4084,4085],{"class":139}," values",[62,4087,4088],{"class":95},"])\n",[14,4090,2282],{},[53,4092,4094],{"className":55,"code":4093,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,4095,4096],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4097,4098,4100,4102,4104,4107,4109,4111,4113,4116,4118,4120],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4099,948],{"class":95},[62,4101,3808],{"class":1618},[62,4103,103],{"class":95},[62,4105,4106],{"class":1618}," False",[62,4108,103],{"class":95},[62,4110,4106],{"class":1618},[62,4112,103],{"class":95},[62,4114,4115],{"class":1618}," True",[62,4117,103],{"class":95},[62,4119,4106],{"class":1618},[62,4121,114],{"class":95},[14,4123,4124,4125,4127],{},"This matters because ",[18,4126,3782],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[48,4129,4131],{"id":4130},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1256,4133,4135],{"id":4134},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[53,4137,4139],{"className":55,"code":4138,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4140,4141,4161],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4142,4143,4145,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157,4159],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4144,225],{"class":68},[62,4146,73],{"class":72},[62,4148,96],{"class":95},[62,4150,499],{"class":99},[62,4152,103],{"class":95},[62,4154,284],{"class":99},[62,4156,103],{"class":95},[62,4158,508],{"class":99},[62,4160,114],{"class":95},[62,4162,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171,4173],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4164,128],{"class":127},[62,4166,131],{"class":95},[62,4168,3918],{"class":127},[62,4170,131],{"class":95},[62,4172,348],{"class":139},[62,4174,1013],{"class":95},[14,4176,2282],{},[53,4178,4180],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\n",[18,4181,4182],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4183,4184],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4185,4179],{"class":1618},[14,4187,4188,4189,2602,4191,409],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,4190,3782],{},[18,4192,3808],{},[1256,4194,4196],{"id":4195},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[53,4198,4200],{"className":55,"code":4199,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4201,4202,4222],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4203,4204,4206,4208,4210,4212,4214,4216,4218,4220],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4205,225],{"class":68},[62,4207,73],{"class":72},[62,4209,96],{"class":95},[62,4211,499],{"class":99},[62,4213,103],{"class":95},[62,4215,1228],{"class":99},[62,4217,103],{"class":95},[62,4219,508],{"class":99},[62,4221,114],{"class":95},[62,4223,4224,4226,4228,4230,4232,4234],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4225,128],{"class":127},[62,4227,131],{"class":95},[62,4229,3918],{"class":127},[62,4231,131],{"class":95},[62,4233,348],{"class":139},[62,4235,1013],{"class":95},[14,4237,2282],{},[53,4239,4241],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"False\n",[18,4242,4243],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4244,4245],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4246,4240],{"class":1618},[14,4248,4249,4250,4252,4253,2602,4255,409],{},"The value ",[18,4251,665],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,4254,3782],{},[18,4256,2098],{},[1256,4258,4260],{"id":4259},"example-strings","Example: strings",[53,4262,4264],{"className":55,"code":4263,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4265,4266,4300],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4267,4268,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4296,4298],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4269,4270],{"class":68},"words ",[62,4272,73],{"class":72},[62,4274,96],{"class":95},[62,4276,3503],{"class":76},[62,4278,901],{"class":80},[62,4280,3503],{"class":76},[62,4282,103],{"class":95},[62,4284,3498],{"class":76},[62,4286,910],{"class":80},[62,4288,3503],{"class":76},[62,4290,103],{"class":95},[62,4292,3498],{"class":76},[62,4294,4295],{"class":80},"cherry",[62,4297,3503],{"class":76},[62,4299,114],{"class":95},[62,4301,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4313],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4303,128],{"class":127},[62,4305,131],{"class":95},[62,4307,3918],{"class":127},[62,4309,131],{"class":95},[62,4311,4312],{"class":139},"words",[62,4314,1013],{"class":95},[14,4316,2282],{},[53,4318,4319],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,4320,4321],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4322,4323],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4324,4179],{"class":1618},[14,4326,4327],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4329,4330],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[53,4332,4334],{"className":55,"code":4333,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4335,4336,4364],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4337,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358,4360,4362],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4339,4270],{"class":68},[62,4341,73],{"class":72},[62,4343,96],{"class":95},[62,4345,3503],{"class":76},[62,4347,901],{"class":80},[62,4349,3503],{"class":76},[62,4351,103],{"class":95},[62,4353,4040],{"class":76},[62,4355,103],{"class":95},[62,4357,3498],{"class":76},[62,4359,4295],{"class":80},[62,4361,3503],{"class":76},[62,4363,114],{"class":95},[62,4365,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4367,128],{"class":127},[62,4369,131],{"class":95},[62,4371,3918],{"class":127},[62,4373,131],{"class":95},[62,4375,4312],{"class":139},[62,4377,1013],{"class":95},[14,4379,2282],{},[53,4381,4382],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,4383,4384],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4385,4386],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4387,4240],{"class":1618},[14,4389,4390,4391,4393],{},"The empty string ",[18,4392,3977],{}," is falsy.",[48,4395,4397,4398,4400],{"id":4396},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,4399,3782],{}," works with conditions",[14,4402,4403,4405],{},[18,4404,3782],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4407,4408],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4410,4411],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[53,4413,4415],{"className":55,"code":4414,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4416,4417,4437,4465,4469],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4418,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4420,225],{"class":68},[62,4422,73],{"class":72},[62,4424,96],{"class":95},[62,4426,499],{"class":99},[62,4428,103],{"class":95},[62,4430,284],{"class":99},[62,4432,103],{"class":95},[62,4434,508],{"class":99},[62,4436,114],{"class":95},[62,4438,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4463],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4440,2435],{"class":68},[62,4442,73],{"class":72},[62,4444,3847],{"class":127},[62,4446,131],{"class":95},[62,4448,3226],{"class":139},[62,4450,4451],{"class":72},">",[62,4453,1228],{"class":99},[62,4455,4076],{"class":729},[62,4457,4079],{"class":139},[62,4459,4082],{"class":729},[62,4461,4462],{"class":139}," numbers",[62,4464,434],{"class":95},[62,4466,4467],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,4468,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,4470,4471,4473,4475,4477],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,4472,128],{"class":127},[62,4474,131],{"class":95},[62,4476,2470],{"class":139},[62,4478,434],{"class":95},[14,4480,2282],{},[53,4482,4483],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,4484,4485],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4486,4487],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4488,4179],{"class":1618},[14,4490,4491],{},"Here is one that fails:",[53,4493,4495],{"className":55,"code":4494,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4496,4497,4519,4545,4549],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4498,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4500,225],{"class":68},[62,4502,73],{"class":72},[62,4504,96],{"class":95},[62,4506,499],{"class":99},[62,4508,103],{"class":95},[62,4510,2427],{"class":72},[62,4512,1935],{"class":99},[62,4514,103],{"class":95},[62,4516,508],{"class":99},[62,4518,114],{"class":95},[62,4520,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4522,2435],{"class":68},[62,4524,73],{"class":72},[62,4526,3847],{"class":127},[62,4528,131],{"class":95},[62,4530,3226],{"class":139},[62,4532,4451],{"class":72},[62,4534,1228],{"class":99},[62,4536,4076],{"class":729},[62,4538,4079],{"class":139},[62,4540,4082],{"class":729},[62,4542,4462],{"class":139},[62,4544,434],{"class":95},[62,4546,4547],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,4548,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,4550,4551,4553,4555,4557],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,4552,128],{"class":127},[62,4554,131],{"class":95},[62,4556,2470],{"class":139},[62,4558,434],{"class":95},[14,4560,2282],{},[53,4562,4563],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,4564,4565],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4566,4567],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4568,4240],{"class":1618},[14,4570,4571,4572,4575,4576,4578,4579,2602,4581,409],{},"The expression ",[18,4573,4574],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4577,3808],{},", then ",[18,4580,3782],{},[18,4582,3808],{},[14,4584,4585],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4587,4588,4589,1940,4593,409],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[262,4590,4592],{"href":4591},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[262,4594,4596],{"href":4595},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[48,4598,4600],{"id":4599},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4602,4603,2602,4605,409],{},[18,4604,3805],{},[18,4606,3808],{},[14,4608,4609],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4611,201],{},[53,4613,4615],{"className":55,"code":4614,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(all([]))\n",[18,4616,4617],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4618,4619,4621,4623,4625],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4620,128],{"class":127},[62,4622,131],{"class":95},[62,4624,3918],{"class":127},[62,4626,4627],{"class":95},"([]))\n",[14,4629,2282],{},[53,4631,4632],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,4633,4634],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4635,4636],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4637,4179],{"class":1618},[14,4639,4640],{},"Why?",[14,4642,4643],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4645,4646],{},"Think of it this way:",[29,4648,4649,4656,4659],{},[32,4650,4651,2602,4653,4655],{},[18,4652,3782],{},[18,4654,2098],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[32,4657,4658],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[32,4660,4661,4662],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,4663,2098],{},[14,4665,4666],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4668,4669],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[53,4671,4673],{"className":55,"code":4672,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,4674,4675,4686],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4676,4677,4679,4681,4683],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4678,128],{"class":127},[62,4680,131],{"class":95},[62,4682,3918],{"class":127},[62,4684,4685],{"class":95},"(()))\n",[62,4687,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4689,128],{"class":127},[62,4691,131],{"class":95},[62,4693,3918],{"class":127},[62,4695,131],{"class":95},[62,4697,3977],{"class":76},[62,4699,1013],{"class":95},[14,4701,2282],{},[53,4703,4705],{"className":55,"code":4704,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\nTrue\n",[18,4706,4707,4711],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4708,4709],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4710,4179],{"class":1618},[62,4712,4713],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4714,4179],{"class":1618},[48,4716,4718],{"id":4717},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1256,4720,4722],{"id":4721},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4724,4725],{},"This is wrong:",[53,4727,4729],{"className":55,"code":4728,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4730,4731,4736],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4732,4733],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4734,4735],{"class":146},"# Wrong\n",[62,4737,4738],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4739,4740],{"class":146},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4742,4743,4745],{},[18,4744,3782],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4747,4748],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[53,4750,4752],{"className":55,"code":4751,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4753,4754],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4755,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4757,128],{"class":127},[62,4759,131],{"class":95},[62,4761,3918],{"class":127},[62,4763,496],{"class":95},[62,4765,499],{"class":99},[62,4767,103],{"class":95},[62,4769,284],{"class":99},[62,4771,103],{"class":95},[62,4773,508],{"class":99},[62,4775,3201],{"class":95},[1256,4777,1859,4779,4781],{"id":4778},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[18,4780,3782],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4783,4784],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[53,4786,4788],{"className":55,"code":4787,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4789,4790,4811],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4791,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4805,4807,4809],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4793,225],{"class":68},[62,4795,73],{"class":72},[62,4797,96],{"class":95},[62,4799,299],{"class":99},[62,4801,103],{"class":95},[62,4803,4804],{"class":99}," 5",[62,4806,103],{"class":95},[62,4808,4804],{"class":99},[62,4810,114],{"class":95},[62,4812,4813,4815,4817,4819,4821,4823],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4814,128],{"class":127},[62,4816,131],{"class":95},[62,4818,3918],{"class":127},[62,4820,131],{"class":95},[62,4822,348],{"class":139},[62,4824,1013],{"class":95},[14,4826,4827,4828,4831],{},"This does ",[3946,4829,4830],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4833,4834,4835,4837],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4836,299],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[53,4839,4840],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,4841,4842],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4843,4844],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4845,4179],{"class":1618},[14,4847,4848],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[53,4850,4852],{"className":55,"code":4851,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4853,4854,4874],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4855,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4857,225],{"class":68},[62,4859,73],{"class":72},[62,4861,96],{"class":95},[62,4863,299],{"class":99},[62,4865,103],{"class":95},[62,4867,4804],{"class":99},[62,4869,103],{"class":95},[62,4871,4804],{"class":99},[62,4873,114],{"class":95},[62,4875,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4877,128],{"class":127},[62,4879,131],{"class":95},[62,4881,3918],{"class":127},[62,4883,131],{"class":95},[62,4885,3226],{"class":139},[62,4887,4888],{"class":72},"==",[62,4890,4804],{"class":99},[62,4892,4076],{"class":729},[62,4894,4079],{"class":139},[62,4896,4082],{"class":729},[62,4898,4462],{"class":139},[62,4900,1013],{"class":95},[1256,4902,4904,4905,4907],{"id":4903},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,4906,665],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[53,4909,4911],{"className":55,"code":4910,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,4912,4913,4938],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4914,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4935],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4916,128],{"class":127},[62,4918,131],{"class":95},[62,4920,3918],{"class":127},[62,4922,496],{"class":95},[62,4924,499],{"class":99},[62,4926,103],{"class":95},[62,4928,284],{"class":99},[62,4930,103],{"class":95},[62,4932,1228],{"class":99},[62,4934,511],{"class":95},[62,4936,4937],{"class":146},"       # False\n",[62,4939,4940,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,4941,128],{"class":127},[62,4943,131],{"class":95},[62,4945,3918],{"class":127},[62,4947,496],{"class":95},[62,4949,3503],{"class":76},[62,4951,262],{"class":80},[62,4953,3503],{"class":76},[62,4955,103],{"class":95},[62,4957,3498],{"class":76},[62,4959,277],{"class":80},[62,4961,3503],{"class":76},[62,4963,103],{"class":95},[62,4965,4040],{"class":76},[62,4967,511],{"class":95},[62,4969,4970],{"class":146},"  # False\n",[14,4972,4973,4974,409],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,4975,2098],{},[1256,4977,4979,4980,4982,4983],{"id":4978},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,4981,3805],{}," is ",[18,4984,3808],{},[14,4986,4987],{},"This is expected behavior:",[53,4989,4991],{"className":55,"code":4990,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,4992,4993],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,4994,4995,4997,4999,5001,5004],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,4996,128],{"class":127},[62,4998,131],{"class":95},[62,5000,3918],{"class":127},[62,5002,5003],{"class":95},"([]))",[62,5005,3866],{"class":146},[14,5007,5008,5009,5011],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,5010,3808],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5013,5014],{},"Useful quick tests:",[53,5016,5018],{"className":55,"code":5017,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,5019,5020,5042,5064,5111,5147],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5021,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5023,128],{"class":127},[62,5025,131],{"class":95},[62,5027,3918],{"class":127},[62,5029,496],{"class":95},[62,5031,499],{"class":99},[62,5033,103],{"class":95},[62,5035,284],{"class":99},[62,5037,103],{"class":95},[62,5039,508],{"class":99},[62,5041,3201],{"class":95},[62,5043,5044,5046,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,5045,128],{"class":127},[62,5047,131],{"class":95},[62,5049,3918],{"class":127},[62,5051,496],{"class":95},[62,5053,499],{"class":99},[62,5055,103],{"class":95},[62,5057,1228],{"class":99},[62,5059,103],{"class":95},[62,5061,508],{"class":99},[62,5063,3201],{"class":95},[62,5065,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5102,5104,5106,5108],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,5067,128],{"class":127},[62,5069,496],{"class":95},[62,5071,4067],{"class":430},[62,5073,131],{"class":95},[62,5075,552],{"class":139},[62,5077,741],{"class":95},[62,5079,4076],{"class":729},[62,5081,4079],{"class":139},[62,5083,4082],{"class":729},[62,5085,96],{"class":95},[62,5087,499],{"class":99},[62,5089,103],{"class":95},[62,5091,1228],{"class":99},[62,5093,103],{"class":95},[62,5095,4040],{"class":76},[62,5097,103],{"class":95},[62,5099,3498],{"class":76},[62,5101,81],{"class":80},[62,5103,3503],{"class":76},[62,5105,103],{"class":95},[62,5107,1797],{"class":1618},[62,5109,5110],{"class":95},"]])\n",[62,5112,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127,5129,5131,5133,5135,5137,5139,5141,5143,5145],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,5114,128],{"class":127},[62,5116,131],{"class":95},[62,5118,3918],{"class":127},[62,5120,131],{"class":95},[62,5122,3226],{"class":139},[62,5124,4451],{"class":72},[62,5126,1228],{"class":99},[62,5128,4076],{"class":729},[62,5130,4079],{"class":139},[62,5132,4082],{"class":729},[62,5134,96],{"class":95},[62,5136,499],{"class":99},[62,5138,103],{"class":95},[62,5140,284],{"class":99},[62,5142,103],{"class":95},[62,5144,508],{"class":99},[62,5146,3201],{"class":95},[62,5148,5149,5151,5153,5155],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,5150,128],{"class":127},[62,5152,131],{"class":95},[62,5154,3918],{"class":127},[62,5156,4627],{"class":95},[48,5158,5160,5161],{"id":5159},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,5162,3782],{},[14,5164,5165,5167],{},[18,5166,3782],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5169,5170],{},"Common use cases:",[29,5172,5173,5176,5179],{},[32,5174,5175],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[32,5177,5178],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[32,5180,5181],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5183,5184],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[53,5186,5188],{"className":55,"code":5187,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,5189,5190,5225],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5191,5192,5195,5197,5199,5201,5203,5205,5207,5209,5212,5214,5216,5218,5221,5223],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5193,5194],{"class":68},"names ",[62,5196,73],{"class":72},[62,5198,96],{"class":95},[62,5200,3503],{"class":76},[62,5202,718],{"class":80},[62,5204,3503],{"class":76},[62,5206,103],{"class":95},[62,5208,3498],{"class":76},[62,5210,5211],{"class":80},"Bob",[62,5213,3503],{"class":76},[62,5215,103],{"class":95},[62,5217,3498],{"class":76},[62,5219,5220],{"class":80},"Charlie",[62,5222,3503],{"class":76},[62,5224,114],{"class":95},[62,5226,5227,5229,5231,5233,5235,5238],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,5228,128],{"class":127},[62,5230,131],{"class":95},[62,5232,3918],{"class":127},[62,5234,131],{"class":95},[62,5236,5237],{"class":139},"names",[62,5239,1013],{"class":95},[14,5241,2282],{},[53,5243,5244],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,5245,5246],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5247,5248],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5249,4179],{"class":1618},[14,5251,5252],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[53,5254,5256],{"className":55,"code":5255,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,5257,5258,5281],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5259,5260,5262,5264,5266,5269,5271,5274,5276,5279],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5261,969],{"class":68},[62,5263,73],{"class":72},[62,5265,96],{"class":95},[62,5267,5268],{"class":99},"75",[62,5270,103],{"class":95},[62,5272,5273],{"class":99}," 80",[62,5275,103],{"class":95},[62,5277,5278],{"class":99}," 50",[62,5280,114],{"class":95},[62,5282,5283,5285,5287,5289,5291,5294,5297,5299,5301,5304,5306,5309],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,5284,128],{"class":127},[62,5286,131],{"class":95},[62,5288,3918],{"class":127},[62,5290,131],{"class":95},[62,5292,5293],{"class":139},"score ",[62,5295,5296],{"class":72},">=",[62,5298,5278],{"class":99},[62,5300,4076],{"class":729},[62,5302,5303],{"class":139}," score ",[62,5305,4082],{"class":729},[62,5307,5308],{"class":139}," scores",[62,5310,1013],{"class":95},[14,5312,2282],{},[53,5314,5315],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,5316,5317],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5318,5319],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5320,4179],{"class":1618},[14,5322,5323],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5325,5326,5327,1940,5331,409],{},"For related tasks, see ",[262,5328,5330],{"href":5329},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[262,5332,5334],{"href":5333},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[48,5336,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,5338,5340,5341,5343],{"id":5339},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,5342,3782],{}," return in Python?",[14,5345,5346,5347,5349,5350,5352],{},"It returns ",[18,5348,3808],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,5351,2098],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1256,5354,5356,5357,5359,5360,632],{"id":5355},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,5358,3805],{}," return ",[18,5361,3808],{},[14,5363,5364],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1256,5366,5368,5369,5371],{"id":5367},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,5370,3782],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5373,5374],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1256,5376,5378,5379,1940,5381,632],{"id":5377},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,5380,3782],{},[18,5382,5383],{},"any()",[14,5385,5386,5388,5389,5391,5392,409],{},[18,5387,3782],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,5390,5383],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[262,5393,3779,5395,3712],{"href":5394},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,5396,5383],{},[48,5398,2109],{"id":2108},[29,5400,5401,5407,5411,5416,5421,5426],{},[32,5402,5403],{},[262,5404,3779,5405,3712],{"href":5394},[18,5406,5383],{},[32,5408,5409],{},[262,5410,4010],{"href":4009},[32,5412,5413],{},[262,5414,5415],{"href":5333},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[32,5417,5418],{},[262,5419,5420],{"href":5329},"How to filter a list in Python",[32,5422,5423],{},[262,5424,5425],{"href":4591},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[32,5427,5428],{},[262,5429,5430],{"href":4595},"What is an iterable in Python",[2145,5432,5433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":5435},[5436,5437,5439,5440,5445,5447,5448,5457,5459,5469],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":3878,"depth":87,"text":5438},"What all() does",{"id":3931,"depth":87,"text":3932},{"id":4130,"depth":87,"text":4131,"children":5441},[5442,5443,5444],{"id":4134,"depth":117,"text":4135},{"id":4195,"depth":117,"text":4196},{"id":4259,"depth":117,"text":4260},{"id":4396,"depth":87,"text":5446},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4599,"depth":87,"text":4600},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":5449},[5450,5451,5453,5455],{"id":4721,"depth":117,"text":4722},{"id":4778,"depth":117,"text":5452},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4903,"depth":117,"text":5454},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4978,"depth":117,"text":5456},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5159,"depth":87,"text":5458},"When to use all()",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":5460},[5461,5463,5465,5467],{"id":5339,"depth":117,"text":5462},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5355,"depth":117,"text":5464},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5367,"depth":117,"text":5466},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5377,"depth":117,"text":5468},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3773,"description":5470},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5477,"title":5478,"body":5479,"description":7159,"extension":2174,"meta":7160,"navigation":120,"path":5394,"seo":7161,"stem":7162,"__hash__":7163},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5480,"toc":7137},[5481,5484,5492,5495,5512,5520,5562,5571,5575,5580,5583,5600,5603,5614,5626,5630,5633,5648,5653,5656,5668,5671,5753,5756,5777,5783,5785,5793,5807,5809,5843,5845,5848,5909,5911,5928,5931,5958,5960,5968,5980,5984,5987,6026,6028,6036,6038,6054,6062,6065,6108,6110,6118,6123,6127,6135,6138,6165,6168,6171,6244,6246,6254,6261,6285,6296,6299,6377,6379,6387,6394,6398,6403,6418,6420,6428,6431,6437,6440,6486,6488,6505,6509,6514,6525,6528,6637,6640,6699,6705,6707,6712,6716,6718,6737,6743,6746,6765,6769,6778,6805,6807,6815,6823,6827,6833,6856,6858,6866,6873,6877,6880,6931,6934,6985,6988,6990,6994,7001,7005,7012,7016,7024,7028,7031,7053,7055,7105,7107,7134],[10,5482,5478],{"id":5483},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5485,5486,5488,5489,409],{},[18,5487,5383],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3946,5490,5491],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5493,5494],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[29,5496,5497,5500,5503,5506,5509],{},[32,5498,5499],{},"lists",[32,5501,5502],{},"tuples",[32,5504,5505],{},"sets",[32,5507,5508],{},"strings",[32,5510,5511],{},"generator expressions",[14,5513,5514,5515,2022,5517,5519],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5516,3808],{},[18,5518,2098],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[53,5521,5523],{"className":55,"code":5522,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5524,5525,5545],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5526,5527,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5528,292],{"class":68},[62,5530,73],{"class":72},[62,5532,96],{"class":95},[62,5534,665],{"class":99},[62,5536,103],{"class":95},[62,5538,4040],{"class":76},[62,5540,103],{"class":95},[62,5542,4804],{"class":99},[62,5544,114],{"class":95},[62,5546,5547,5549,5551,5554,5556,5558,5560],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,5548,128],{"class":127},[62,5550,131],{"class":95},[62,5552,5553],{"class":127},"any",[62,5555,131],{"class":95},[62,5557,386],{"class":139},[62,5559,143],{"class":95},[62,5561,3866],{"class":146},[14,5563,169,5564,5567,5568,5570],{},[18,5565,5566],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5569,3808],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[48,5572,5574],{"id":5573},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5576,5577,5579],{},[18,5578,5383],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5581,5582],{},"It returns:",[29,5584,5585,5590,5595],{},[32,5586,5587,5589],{},[18,5588,3808],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[32,5591,5592,5594],{},[18,5593,2098],{}," if all items are falsy",[32,5596,5597,5599],{},[18,5598,2098],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5601,5602],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[29,5604,5605,5608,5611],{},[32,5606,5607],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[32,5609,5610],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[32,5612,5613],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5615,5616,5617,5620,5621,409],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3946,5618,5619],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[262,5622,5624],{"href":5623},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,5625,3782],{},[48,5627,5629],{"id":5628},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5631,5632],{},"The syntax is simple:",[53,5634,5636],{"className":55,"code":5635,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"any(iterable)\n",[18,5637,5638],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5639,5640,5642,5644,5646],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5641,5553],{"class":127},[62,5643,131],{"class":95},[62,5645,3923],{"class":139},[62,5647,434],{"class":95},[14,5649,5650,5651,409],{},"The argument must be an ",[3946,5652,3923],{},[14,5654,5655],{},"Common inputs include:",[29,5657,5658,5660,5662,5664,5666],{},[32,5659,5499],{},[32,5661,5502],{},[32,5663,5505],{},[32,5665,5508],{},[32,5667,5511],{},[14,5669,5670],{},"For example:",[53,5672,5674],{"className":55,"code":5673,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,5675,5676,5698,5716,5735],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5677,5678,5680,5682,5684,5686,5688,5690,5692,5694,5696],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5679,128],{"class":127},[62,5681,131],{"class":95},[62,5683,5553],{"class":127},[62,5685,496],{"class":95},[62,5687,665],{"class":99},[62,5689,103],{"class":95},[62,5691,1228],{"class":99},[62,5693,103],{"class":95},[62,5695,270],{"class":99},[62,5697,3201],{"class":95},[62,5699,5700,5702,5704,5706,5708,5710,5712,5714],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,5701,128],{"class":127},[62,5703,131],{"class":95},[62,5705,5553],{"class":127},[62,5707,524],{"class":95},[62,5709,2098],{"class":1618},[62,5711,103],{"class":95},[62,5713,4106],{"class":1618},[62,5715,3115],{"class":95},[62,5717,5718,5720,5722,5724,5726,5728,5730,5732],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,5719,128],{"class":127},[62,5721,131],{"class":95},[62,5723,5553],{"class":127},[62,5725,547],{"class":95},[62,5727,665],{"class":99},[62,5729,103],{"class":95},[62,5731,284],{"class":99},[62,5733,5734],{"class":95},"}))\n",[62,5736,5737,5739,5741,5743,5745,5747,5749,5751],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,5738,128],{"class":127},[62,5740,131],{"class":95},[62,5742,5553],{"class":127},[62,5744,131],{"class":95},[62,5746,259],{"class":76},[62,5748,81],{"class":80},[62,5750,259],{"class":76},[62,5752,1013],{"class":95},[14,5754,5755],{},"Expected output:",[53,5757,5759],{"className":55,"code":5758,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5760,5761,5765,5769,5773],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5762,5763],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5764,4179],{"class":1618},[62,5766,5767],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,5768,4240],{"class":1618},[62,5770,5771],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,5772,4179],{"class":1618},[62,5774,5775],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,5776,4179],{"class":1618},[14,5778,5779,5780,409],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[262,5781,5334],{"href":5782},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[48,5784,3932],{"id":3931},[14,5786,3935,5787,2022,5790,3940],{},[3946,5788,5789],{},"truthy",[3946,5791,5792],{},"falsy",[29,5794,5795,5801],{},[32,5796,5797,3949,5799],{},[3946,5798,3948],{},[18,5800,3808],{},[32,5802,5803,3949,5805],{},[3946,5804,3956],{},[18,5806,2098],{},[14,5808,3961],{},[29,5810,5811,5815,5819,5823,5827,5831,5835,5839],{},[32,5812,5813],{},[18,5814,2098],{},[32,5816,5817],{},[18,5818,665],{},[32,5820,5821],{},[18,5822,3972],{},[32,5824,5825],{},[18,5826,3977],{},[32,5828,5829],{},[18,5830,3990],{},[32,5832,5833],{},[18,5834,3995],{},[32,5836,5837],{},[18,5838,4000],{},[32,5840,5841],{},[18,5842,1548],{},[14,5844,4003],{},[14,5846,5847],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[53,5849,5851],{"className":55,"code":5850,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5852,5853,5867,5885],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5854,5855,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5856,128],{"class":127},[62,5858,131],{"class":95},[62,5860,5553],{"class":127},[62,5862,496],{"class":95},[62,5864,499],{"class":99},[62,5866,3201],{"class":95},[62,5868,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,5870,128],{"class":127},[62,5872,131],{"class":95},[62,5874,5553],{"class":127},[62,5876,496],{"class":95},[62,5878,3503],{"class":76},[62,5880,81],{"class":80},[62,5882,3503],{"class":76},[62,5884,3201],{"class":95},[62,5886,5887,5889,5891,5893,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904,5906],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,5888,128],{"class":127},[62,5890,131],{"class":95},[62,5892,5553],{"class":127},[62,5894,5895],{"class":95},"([[",[62,5897,499],{"class":99},[62,5899,103],{"class":95},[62,5901,284],{"class":99},[62,5903,103],{"class":95},[62,5905,508],{"class":99},[62,5907,5908],{"class":95},"]]))\n",[14,5910,5755],{},[53,5912,5914],{"className":55,"code":5913,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5915,5916,5920,5924],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5917,5918],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5919,4179],{"class":1618},[62,5921,5922],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,5923,4179],{"class":1618},[62,5925,5926],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,5927,4179],{"class":1618},[14,5929,5930],{},"And these are all falsy:",[53,5932,5934],{"className":55,"code":5933,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,5935,5936],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5937,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950,5952,5954,5956],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5939,128],{"class":127},[62,5941,131],{"class":95},[62,5943,5553],{"class":127},[62,5945,496],{"class":95},[62,5947,665],{"class":99},[62,5949,103],{"class":95},[62,5951,4040],{"class":76},[62,5953,103],{"class":95},[62,5955,1797],{"class":1618},[62,5957,3201],{"class":95},[14,5959,5755],{},[53,5961,5962],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,5963,5964],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5965,5966],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5967,4240],{"class":1618},[14,5969,5970,5971,1940,5974,409],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[262,5972,4010],{"href":5973},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[262,5975,5977,5979],{"href":5976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,5978,4016],{}," explained",[48,5981,5983],{"id":5982},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5985,5986],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[53,5988,5990],{"className":55,"code":5989,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5991,5992,6012],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,5993,5994,5996,5998,6000,6002,6004,6006,6008,6010],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,5995,292],{"class":68},[62,5997,73],{"class":72},[62,5999,96],{"class":95},[62,6001,665],{"class":99},[62,6003,103],{"class":95},[62,6005,4040],{"class":76},[62,6007,103],{"class":95},[62,6009,4804],{"class":99},[62,6011,114],{"class":95},[62,6013,6014,6016,6018,6020,6022,6024],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6015,128],{"class":127},[62,6017,131],{"class":95},[62,6019,5553],{"class":127},[62,6021,131],{"class":95},[62,6023,386],{"class":139},[62,6025,1013],{"class":95},[14,6027,2282],{},[53,6029,6030],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,6031,6032],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6033,6034],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6035,4179],{"class":1618},[14,6037,4640],{},[29,6039,6040,6045,6049],{},[32,6041,6042,6044],{},[18,6043,665],{}," is falsy",[32,6046,6047,6044],{},[18,6048,3977],{},[32,6050,6051,6053],{},[18,6052,299],{}," is truthy",[14,6055,6056,6057,2602,6060,409],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,6058,6059],{},"any(values)",[18,6061,3808],{},[14,6063,6064],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[53,6066,6068],{"className":55,"code":6067,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6069,6070,6094],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6071,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6073,292],{"class":68},[62,6075,73],{"class":72},[62,6077,96],{"class":95},[62,6079,665],{"class":99},[62,6081,103],{"class":95},[62,6083,4040],{"class":76},[62,6085,103],{"class":95},[62,6087,1797],{"class":1618},[62,6089,103],{"class":95},[62,6091,4106],{"class":1618},[62,6093,114],{"class":95},[62,6095,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6097,128],{"class":127},[62,6099,131],{"class":95},[62,6101,5553],{"class":127},[62,6103,131],{"class":95},[62,6105,386],{"class":139},[62,6107,1013],{"class":95},[14,6109,2282],{},[53,6111,6112],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,6113,6114],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6115,6116],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6117,4240],{"class":1618},[14,6119,6120,6121,409],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,6122,2098],{},[48,6124,6126],{"id":6125},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6128,6129,6131,6132,409],{},[18,6130,5383],{}," is often used with a ",[3946,6133,6134],{},"generator expression",[14,6136,6137],{},"This is a common pattern:",[53,6139,6141],{"className":55,"code":6140,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,6142,6143],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6144,6145,6147,6149,6152,6155,6158,6160,6163],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6146,5553],{"class":127},[62,6148,131],{"class":95},[62,6150,6151],{"class":139},"condition ",[62,6153,6154],{"class":729},"for",[62,6156,6157],{"class":139}," item ",[62,6159,4082],{"class":729},[62,6161,6162],{"class":139}," items",[62,6164,434],{"class":95},[14,6166,6167],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6169,6170],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[53,6172,6174],{"className":55,"code":6173,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,6175,6176,6203,6207,6234],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6177,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198,6201],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6179,225],{"class":68},[62,6181,73],{"class":72},[62,6183,96],{"class":95},[62,6185,2708],{"class":99},[62,6187,103],{"class":95},[62,6189,309],{"class":99},[62,6191,103],{"class":95},[62,6193,2427],{"class":72},[62,6195,1935],{"class":99},[62,6197,103],{"class":95},[62,6199,6200],{"class":99}," 10",[62,6202,114],{"class":95},[62,6204,6205],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6206,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,6208,6209,6211,6213,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6232],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,6210,2435],{"class":68},[62,6212,73],{"class":72},[62,6214,6215],{"class":127}," any",[62,6217,131],{"class":95},[62,6219,3226],{"class":139},[62,6221,3492],{"class":72},[62,6223,1228],{"class":99},[62,6225,4076],{"class":729},[62,6227,4079],{"class":139},[62,6229,4082],{"class":729},[62,6231,4462],{"class":139},[62,6233,434],{"class":95},[62,6235,6236,6238,6240,6242],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,6237,128],{"class":127},[62,6239,131],{"class":95},[62,6241,2470],{"class":139},[62,6243,434],{"class":95},[14,6245,2282],{},[53,6247,6248],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,6249,6250],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6251,6252],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6253,4179],{"class":1618},[14,6255,6256,6257,6260],{},"This works because ",[18,6258,6259],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[29,6262,6263,6271,6278],{},[32,6264,6265,6268,6269],{},[18,6266,6267],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,6270,2098],{},[32,6272,6273,6268,6276],{},[18,6274,6275],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,6277,2098],{},[32,6279,6280,6268,6283],{},[18,6281,6282],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,6284,3808],{},[14,6286,6287,6288,6290,6291,6293,6294,409],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,6289,3808],{}," result, ",[18,6292,5383],{}," can return ",[18,6295,3808],{},[14,6297,6298],{},"Here is another example:",[53,6300,6302],{"className":55,"code":6301,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,6303,6304,6333,6337,6366],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6305,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6323,6325,6327,6329,6331],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6307,4270],{"class":68},[62,6309,73],{"class":72},[62,6311,96],{"class":95},[62,6313,259],{"class":76},[62,6315,901],{"class":80},[62,6317,259],{"class":76},[62,6319,103],{"class":95},[62,6321,6322],{"class":76}," \"\"",[62,6324,103],{"class":95},[62,6326,77],{"class":76},[62,6328,910],{"class":80},[62,6330,259],{"class":76},[62,6332,114],{"class":95},[62,6334,6335],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6336,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,6338,6339,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356,6359,6361,6364],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,6340,6341],{"class":68},"has_empty_string ",[62,6343,73],{"class":72},[62,6345,6215],{"class":127},[62,6347,131],{"class":95},[62,6349,1324],{"class":139},[62,6351,4888],{"class":72},[62,6353,6322],{"class":76},[62,6355,4076],{"class":729},[62,6357,6358],{"class":139}," word ",[62,6360,4082],{"class":729},[62,6362,6363],{"class":139}," words",[62,6365,434],{"class":95},[62,6367,6368,6370,6372,6375],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,6369,128],{"class":127},[62,6371,131],{"class":95},[62,6373,6374],{"class":139},"has_empty_string",[62,6376,434],{"class":95},[14,6378,2282],{},[53,6380,6381],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,6382,6383],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6384,6385],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6386,4179],{"class":1618},[14,6388,6389,6390,409],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[262,6391,6393],{"href":6392},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[48,6395,6397],{"id":6396},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6399,6400,6401,267],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,6402,2098],{},[53,6404,6406],{"className":55,"code":6405,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any([]))\n",[18,6407,6408],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6409,6410,6412,6414,6416],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6411,128],{"class":127},[62,6413,131],{"class":95},[62,6415,5553],{"class":127},[62,6417,4627],{"class":95},[14,6419,2282],{},[53,6421,6422],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,6423,6424],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6425,6426],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6427,4240],{"class":1618},[14,6429,6430],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6432,6433,6434,6436],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,6435,5383],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6438,6439],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[53,6441,6443],{"className":55,"code":6442,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6444,6445,6455,6470],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6446,6447,6449,6451,6453],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6448,128],{"class":127},[62,6450,131],{"class":95},[62,6452,5553],{"class":127},[62,6454,4685],{"class":95},[62,6456,6457,6459,6461,6463,6465,6468],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6458,128],{"class":127},[62,6460,131],{"class":95},[62,6462,5553],{"class":127},[62,6464,131],{"class":95},[62,6466,6467],{"class":76},"\"\"",[62,6469,1013],{"class":95},[62,6471,6472,6474,6476,6478,6480,6483],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,6473,128],{"class":127},[62,6475,131],{"class":95},[62,6477,5553],{"class":127},[62,6479,131],{"class":95},[62,6481,6482],{"class":430},"set",[62,6484,6485],{"class":95},"()))\n",[14,6487,2282],{},[53,6489,6491],{"className":55,"code":6490,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6492,6493,6497,6501],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6494,6495],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6496,4240],{"class":1618},[62,6498,6499],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6500,4240],{"class":1618},[62,6502,6503],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,6504,4240],{"class":1618},[48,6506,6508],{"id":6507},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6510,169,6511,6513],{},[18,6512,5383],{}," when you want to:",[29,6515,6516,6519,6522],{},[32,6517,6518],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[32,6520,6521],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[32,6523,6524],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6526,6527],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[53,6529,6531],{"className":55,"code":6530,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6532,6533,6557,6561,6571,6575,6588,6606,6616,6621,6625],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6534,6535,6537,6539,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551,6553,6555],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6536,225],{"class":68},[62,6538,73],{"class":72},[62,6540,96],{"class":95},[62,6542,499],{"class":99},[62,6544,103],{"class":95},[62,6546,508],{"class":99},[62,6548,103],{"class":95},[62,6550,4804],{"class":99},[62,6552,103],{"class":95},[62,6554,1409],{"class":99},[62,6556,114],{"class":95},[62,6558,6559],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6560,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,6562,6563,6566,6568],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,6564,6565],{"class":68},"found_even ",[62,6567,73],{"class":72},[62,6569,6570],{"class":1618}," False\n",[62,6572,6573],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,6574,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,6576,6577,6579,6582,6584,6586],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,6578,6154],{"class":729},[62,6580,6581],{"class":68}," number ",[62,6583,4082],{"class":729},[62,6585,4462],{"class":68},[62,6587,749],{"class":95},[62,6589,6590,6593,6595,6598,6600,6602,6604],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,6591,6592],{"class":729},"    if",[62,6594,6581],{"class":68},[62,6596,6597],{"class":72},"%",[62,6599,284],{"class":99},[62,6601,1225],{"class":72},[62,6603,1228],{"class":99},[62,6605,749],{"class":95},[62,6607,6608,6611,6613],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,6609,6610],{"class":68},"        found_even ",[62,6612,73],{"class":72},[62,6614,6615],{"class":1618}," True\n",[62,6617,6618],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,6619,6620],{"class":729},"        break\n",[62,6622,6623],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,6624,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,6626,6628,6630,6632,6635],{"class":64,"line":6627},10,[62,6629,128],{"class":127},[62,6631,131],{"class":95},[62,6633,6634],{"class":139},"found_even",[62,6636,434],{"class":95},[14,6638,6639],{},"You can write:",[53,6641,6643],{"className":55,"code":6642,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,6644,6645,6669],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6646,6647,6649,6651,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6648,225],{"class":68},[62,6650,73],{"class":72},[62,6652,96],{"class":95},[62,6654,499],{"class":99},[62,6656,103],{"class":95},[62,6658,508],{"class":99},[62,6660,103],{"class":95},[62,6662,4804],{"class":99},[62,6664,103],{"class":95},[62,6666,1409],{"class":99},[62,6668,114],{"class":95},[62,6670,6671,6673,6675,6677,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6672,128],{"class":127},[62,6674,131],{"class":95},[62,6676,5553],{"class":127},[62,6678,131],{"class":95},[62,6680,2422],{"class":139},[62,6682,6597],{"class":72},[62,6684,284],{"class":99},[62,6686,1225],{"class":72},[62,6688,1228],{"class":99},[62,6690,4076],{"class":729},[62,6692,6581],{"class":139},[62,6694,4082],{"class":729},[62,6696,4462],{"class":139},[62,6698,1013],{"class":95},[14,6700,6701,6702,6704],{},"Both work, but ",[18,6703,5383],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[48,6706,4718],{"id":4717},[14,6708,6709,6710,409],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,6711,5383],{},[1256,6713,6715],{"id":6714},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6717,4725],{},[53,6719,6721],{"className":55,"code":6720,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6722,6723],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6724,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733,6735],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6726,128],{"class":127},[62,6728,131],{"class":95},[62,6730,5553],{"class":127},[62,6732,131],{"class":95},[62,6734,299],{"class":99},[62,6736,1013],{"class":95},[14,6738,6739,6740,6742],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6741,299],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6744,6745],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[53,6747,6749],{"className":55,"code":6748,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6750,6751],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6752,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6754,128],{"class":127},[62,6756,131],{"class":95},[62,6758,5553],{"class":127},[62,6760,496],{"class":95},[62,6762,299],{"class":99},[62,6764,3201],{"class":95},[1256,6766,6768],{"id":6767},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6770,6771,6773,6774,6777],{},[18,6772,5383],{}," needs only ",[3946,6775,6776],{},"one"," truthy item.",[53,6779,6781],{"className":55,"code":6780,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6782,6783],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6784,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801,6803],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6786,128],{"class":127},[62,6788,131],{"class":95},[62,6790,5553],{"class":127},[62,6792,496],{"class":95},[62,6794,2098],{"class":1618},[62,6796,103],{"class":95},[62,6798,4106],{"class":1618},[62,6800,103],{"class":95},[62,6802,4115],{"class":1618},[62,6804,3201],{"class":95},[14,6806,2282],{},[53,6808,6809],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,6810,6811],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6812,6813],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6814,4179],{"class":1618},[14,6816,6817,6818,6822],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[262,6819,6820],{"href":5623},[18,6821,3782],{}," instead.",[1256,6824,6826],{"id":6825},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6828,6829,6830,409],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6831,6832],{},"\"True\"",[53,6834,6836],{"className":55,"code":6835,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6837,6838],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6839,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6841,128],{"class":127},[62,6843,131],{"class":95},[62,6845,5553],{"class":127},[62,6847,496],{"class":95},[62,6849,259],{"class":76},[62,6851,2098],{"class":80},[62,6853,259],{"class":76},[62,6855,3201],{"class":95},[14,6857,2282],{},[53,6859,6860],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,6861,6862],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6863,6864],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6865,4179],{"class":1618},[14,6867,6868,6869,6872],{},"That is because ",[18,6870,6871],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1256,6874,6876],{"id":6875},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6878,6879],{},"This works:",[53,6881,6883],{"className":55,"code":6882,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,6884,6885,6905],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6886,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6888,225],{"class":68},[62,6890,73],{"class":72},[62,6892,96],{"class":95},[62,6894,499],{"class":99},[62,6896,103],{"class":95},[62,6898,284],{"class":99},[62,6900,103],{"class":95},[62,6902,508],{"class":99},[62,6904,114],{"class":95},[62,6906,6907,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925,6927,6929],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6908,128],{"class":127},[62,6910,131],{"class":95},[62,6912,5553],{"class":127},[62,6914,496],{"class":95},[62,6916,3226],{"class":139},[62,6918,4451],{"class":72},[62,6920,284],{"class":99},[62,6922,4076],{"class":729},[62,6924,4079],{"class":139},[62,6926,4082],{"class":729},[62,6928,4462],{"class":139},[62,6930,3201],{"class":95},[14,6932,6933],{},"But this is usually better:",[53,6935,6937],{"className":55,"code":6936,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,6938,6939,6959],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,6940,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951,6953,6955,6957],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,6942,225],{"class":68},[62,6944,73],{"class":72},[62,6946,96],{"class":95},[62,6948,499],{"class":99},[62,6950,103],{"class":95},[62,6952,284],{"class":99},[62,6954,103],{"class":95},[62,6956,508],{"class":99},[62,6958,114],{"class":95},[62,6960,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,6962,128],{"class":127},[62,6964,131],{"class":95},[62,6966,5553],{"class":127},[62,6968,131],{"class":95},[62,6970,3226],{"class":139},[62,6972,4451],{"class":72},[62,6974,284],{"class":99},[62,6976,4076],{"class":729},[62,6978,4079],{"class":139},[62,6980,4082],{"class":729},[62,6982,4462],{"class":139},[62,6984,1013],{"class":95},[14,6986,6987],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[48,6989,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,6991,6993],{"id":6992},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6995,5346,6996,6998,6999,409],{},[18,6997,3808],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,7000,2098],{},[1256,7002,7004],{"id":7003},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7006,7007,2602,7009,7011],{},[18,7008,5383],{},[18,7010,2098],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1256,7013,7015],{"id":7014},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7017,7018,7020,7021,7023],{},[18,7019,5383],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,7022,3782],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1256,7025,7027],{"id":7026},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7029,7030],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[53,7032,7033],{"className":55,"code":6140,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,7034,7035],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7036,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7038,5553],{"class":127},[62,7040,131],{"class":95},[62,7042,6151],{"class":139},[62,7044,6154],{"class":729},[62,7046,6157],{"class":139},[62,7048,4082],{"class":729},[62,7050,6162],{"class":139},[62,7052,434],{"class":95},[14,7054,5670],{},[53,7056,7057],{"className":55,"code":6936,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,7058,7059,7079],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7060,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7062,225],{"class":68},[62,7064,73],{"class":72},[62,7066,96],{"class":95},[62,7068,499],{"class":99},[62,7070,103],{"class":95},[62,7072,284],{"class":99},[62,7074,103],{"class":95},[62,7076,508],{"class":99},[62,7078,114],{"class":95},[62,7080,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101,7103],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7082,128],{"class":127},[62,7084,131],{"class":95},[62,7086,5553],{"class":127},[62,7088,131],{"class":95},[62,7090,3226],{"class":139},[62,7092,4451],{"class":72},[62,7094,284],{"class":99},[62,7096,4076],{"class":729},[62,7098,4079],{"class":139},[62,7100,4082],{"class":729},[62,7102,4462],{"class":139},[62,7104,1013],{"class":95},[48,7106,2109],{"id":2108},[29,7108,7109,7115,7119,7123,7128],{},[32,7110,7111],{},[262,7112,7113,3712],{"href":5623},[18,7114,3782],{},[32,7116,7117],{},[262,7118,4010],{"href":5973},[32,7120,7121],{},[262,7122,5415],{"href":5782},[32,7124,7125],{},[262,7126,7127],{"href":6392},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[32,7129,7130],{},[262,7131,7132,3712],{"href":5976},[18,7133,4016],{},[2145,7135,7136],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":7138},[7139,7140,7141,7142,7143,7144,7145,7146,7152,7158],{"id":5573,"depth":87,"text":5574},{"id":5628,"depth":87,"text":5629},{"id":3931,"depth":87,"text":3932},{"id":5982,"depth":87,"text":5983},{"id":6125,"depth":87,"text":6126},{"id":6396,"depth":87,"text":6397},{"id":6507,"depth":87,"text":6508},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":7147},[7148,7149,7150,7151],{"id":6714,"depth":117,"text":6715},{"id":6767,"depth":117,"text":6768},{"id":6825,"depth":117,"text":6826},{"id":6875,"depth":117,"text":6876},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":7153},[7154,7155,7156,7157],{"id":6992,"depth":117,"text":6993},{"id":7003,"depth":117,"text":7004},{"id":7014,"depth":117,"text":7015},{"id":7026,"depth":117,"text":7027},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5478,"description":7159},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7165,"title":7166,"body":7167,"description":9284,"extension":2174,"meta":9285,"navigation":120,"path":9286,"seo":9287,"stem":9288,"__hash__":9289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7168,"toc":9247},[7169,7172,7181,7190,7192,7289,7291,7320,7336,7340,7345,7348,7358,7364,7370,7386,7388,7396,7403,7407,7410,7425,7430,7448,7453,7455,7503,7505,7522,7526,7532,7535,7570,7572,7678,7680,7717,7721,7729,7731,7751,7753,7872,7874,7903,7906,7929,7931,7939,7947,7951,7956,7960,7999,8001,8009,8012,8039,8041,8049,8053,8080,8082,8090,8121,8123,8131,8135,8186,8188,8196,8204,8208,8211,8263,8265,8285,8292,8296,8302,8305,8313,8335,8337,8345,8353,8376,8378,8386,8391,8396,8408,8410,8450,8461,8465,8474,8477,8480,8537,8540,8592,8595,8600,8616,8621,8623,8628,8637,8640,8662,8664,8672,8677,8680,8715,8717,8725,8729,8734,8772,8784,8787,8842,8850,8854,8857,8879,8888,8891,8932,8934,8957,8963,8969,8984,8986,9006,9009,9028,9030,9049,9053,9059,9138,9141,9155,9162,9164,9168,9175,9179,9183,9187,9192,9196,9201,9205,9212,9214,9244],[10,7170,7166],{"id":7171},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7173,2191,7174,7176,7177,2022,7179,409],{},[18,7175,4016],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,7178,3808],{},[18,7180,2098],{},[14,7182,7183,7184,7186,7187,7189],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,7185,4016],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,7188,730],{}," statements and other conditions.",[48,7191,3813],{"id":3812},[53,7193,7195],{"className":55,"code":7194,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,7196,7197,7211,7225,7239,7257,7267],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7198,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7200,128],{"class":127},[62,7202,131],{"class":95},[62,7204,4067],{"class":430},[62,7206,131],{"class":95},[62,7208,665],{"class":99},[62,7210,1013],{"class":95},[62,7212,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7214,128],{"class":127},[62,7216,131],{"class":95},[62,7218,4067],{"class":430},[62,7220,131],{"class":95},[62,7222,499],{"class":99},[62,7224,1013],{"class":95},[62,7226,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,7228,128],{"class":127},[62,7230,131],{"class":95},[62,7232,4067],{"class":430},[62,7234,131],{"class":95},[62,7236,6467],{"class":76},[62,7238,1013],{"class":95},[62,7240,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,7242,128],{"class":127},[62,7244,131],{"class":95},[62,7246,4067],{"class":430},[62,7248,131],{"class":95},[62,7250,259],{"class":76},[62,7252,81],{"class":80},[62,7254,259],{"class":76},[62,7256,1013],{"class":95},[62,7258,7259,7261,7263,7265],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,7260,128],{"class":127},[62,7262,131],{"class":95},[62,7264,4067],{"class":430},[62,7266,4627],{"class":95},[62,7268,7269,7271,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285,7287],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,7270,128],{"class":127},[62,7272,131],{"class":95},[62,7274,4067],{"class":430},[62,7276,496],{"class":95},[62,7278,499],{"class":99},[62,7280,103],{"class":95},[62,7282,284],{"class":99},[62,7284,103],{"class":95},[62,7286,508],{"class":99},[62,7288,3201],{"class":95},[14,7290,5755],{},[53,7292,7294],{"className":55,"code":7293,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,7295,7296,7300,7304,7308,7312,7316],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7297,7298],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7299,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7301,7302],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7303,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7305,7306],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,7307,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7309,7310],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,7311,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7313,7314],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,7315,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7317,7318],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,7319,4179],{"class":1618},[14,7321,169,7322,7325,7326,2022,7328,7330,7331,7333,7334,409],{},[18,7323,7324],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,7327,3808],{},[18,7329,2098],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,7332,2098],{},". Most other values become ",[18,7335,3808],{},[48,7337,7339],{"id":7338},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7341,7342,7344],{},[18,7343,4016],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7346,7347],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[29,7349,7350,7354],{},[32,7351,7352],{},[18,7353,3808],{},[32,7355,7356],{},[18,7357,2098],{},[14,7359,7360,7361,7363],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,7362,730],{}," statements.",[14,7365,7366,7367,7369],{},"You can also call ",[18,7368,4016],{}," with no argument:",[53,7371,7373],{"className":55,"code":7372,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(bool())\n",[18,7374,7375],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7376,7377,7379,7381,7383],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7378,128],{"class":127},[62,7380,131],{"class":95},[62,7382,4067],{"class":430},[62,7384,7385],{"class":95},"())\n",[14,7387,2282],{},[53,7389,7390],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,7391,7392],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7393,7394],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7395,4240],{"class":1618},[14,7397,7398,7399,409],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[262,7400,7402],{"href":7401},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[48,7404,7406],{"id":7405},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7408,7409],{},"The basic syntax is:",[53,7411,7413],{"className":55,"code":7412,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"bool(value)\n",[18,7414,7415],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7416,7417,7419,7421,7423],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7418,4067],{"class":430},[62,7420,131],{"class":95},[62,7422,1632],{"class":139},[62,7424,434],{"class":95},[14,7426,2191,7427,7429],{},[18,7428,1632],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[29,7431,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440,7443,7445],{},[32,7433,348],{},[32,7435,5508],{},[32,7437,5499],{},[32,7439,5502],{},[32,7441,7442],{},"dictionaries",[32,7444,5505],{},[32,7446,7447],{},"other objects",[14,7449,7450,7451,409],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,7452,2098],{},[14,7454,201],{},[53,7456,7458],{"className":55,"code":7457,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,7459,7460,7474,7493],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7461,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7472],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7463,128],{"class":127},[62,7465,131],{"class":95},[62,7467,4067],{"class":430},[62,7469,131],{"class":95},[62,7471,100],{"class":99},[62,7473,1013],{"class":95},[62,7475,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486,7489,7491],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7477,128],{"class":127},[62,7479,131],{"class":95},[62,7481,4067],{"class":430},[62,7483,131],{"class":95},[62,7485,259],{"class":76},[62,7487,7488],{"class":80},"Python",[62,7490,259],{"class":76},[62,7492,1013],{"class":95},[62,7494,7495,7497,7499,7501],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,7496,128],{"class":127},[62,7498,131],{"class":95},[62,7500,4067],{"class":430},[62,7502,7385],{"class":95},[14,7504,2282],{},[53,7506,7508],{"className":55,"code":7507,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,7509,7510,7514,7518],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7511,7512],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7513,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7515,7516],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7517,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7519,7520],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,7521,4240],{"class":1618},[48,7523,7525],{"id":7524},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7527,7528,7529,7531],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3946,7530,5792],{}," values.",[14,7533,7534],{},"Common examples:",[29,7536,7537,7541,7545,7549,7553,7558,7562,7566],{},[32,7538,7539],{},[18,7540,665],{},[32,7542,7543],{},[18,7544,3972],{},[32,7546,7547],{},[18,7548,6467],{},[32,7550,7551],{},[18,7552,3990],{},[32,7554,7555],{},[18,7556,7557],{},"()",[32,7559,7560],{},[18,7561,3995],{},[32,7563,7564],{},[18,7565,4000],{},[32,7567,7568],{},[18,7569,1548],{},[14,7571,201],{},[53,7573,7575],{"className":55,"code":7574,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,7576,7577,7591,7605,7619,7629,7639,7650,7664],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7578,7579,7581,7583,7585,7587,7589],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7580,128],{"class":127},[62,7582,131],{"class":95},[62,7584,4067],{"class":430},[62,7586,131],{"class":95},[62,7588,665],{"class":99},[62,7590,1013],{"class":95},[62,7592,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7594,128],{"class":127},[62,7596,131],{"class":95},[62,7598,4067],{"class":430},[62,7600,131],{"class":95},[62,7602,3972],{"class":99},[62,7604,1013],{"class":95},[62,7606,7607,7609,7611,7613,7615,7617],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,7608,128],{"class":127},[62,7610,131],{"class":95},[62,7612,4067],{"class":430},[62,7614,131],{"class":95},[62,7616,6467],{"class":76},[62,7618,1013],{"class":95},[62,7620,7621,7623,7625,7627],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,7622,128],{"class":127},[62,7624,131],{"class":95},[62,7626,4067],{"class":430},[62,7628,4627],{"class":95},[62,7630,7631,7633,7635,7637],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,7632,128],{"class":127},[62,7634,131],{"class":95},[62,7636,4067],{"class":430},[62,7638,4685],{"class":95},[62,7640,7641,7643,7645,7647],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,7642,128],{"class":127},[62,7644,131],{"class":95},[62,7646,4067],{"class":430},[62,7648,7649],{"class":95},"({}))\n",[62,7651,7652,7654,7656,7658,7660,7662],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,7653,128],{"class":127},[62,7655,131],{"class":95},[62,7657,4067],{"class":430},[62,7659,131],{"class":95},[62,7661,6482],{"class":430},[62,7663,6485],{"class":95},[62,7665,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,7667,128],{"class":127},[62,7669,131],{"class":95},[62,7671,4067],{"class":430},[62,7673,131],{"class":95},[62,7675,1548],{"class":1618},[62,7677,1013],{"class":95},[14,7679,2282],{},[53,7681,7683],{"className":55,"code":7682,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,7684,7685,7689,7693,7697,7701,7705,7709,7713],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7686,7687],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7688,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7690,7691],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7692,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7694,7695],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,7696,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7698,7699],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,7700,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7702,7703],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,7704,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7706,7707],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,7708,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7710,7711],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,7712,4240],{"class":1618},[62,7714,7715],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,7716,4240],{"class":1618},[48,7718,7720],{"id":7719},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7722,7723,7724,7726,7727,7531],{},"Many values become ",[18,7725,3808],{},". These are often called ",[3946,7728,5789],{},[14,7730,7534],{},[29,7732,7733,7736,7739,7742,7745,7748],{},[32,7734,7735],{},"non-zero numbers",[32,7737,7738],{},"non-empty strings",[32,7740,7741],{},"non-empty lists",[32,7743,7744],{},"non-empty tuples",[32,7746,7747],{},"non-empty sets",[32,7749,7750],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7752,201],{},[53,7754,7756],{"className":55,"code":7755,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,7757,7758,7772,7788,7806,7828,7846],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7759,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7761,128],{"class":127},[62,7763,131],{"class":95},[62,7765,4067],{"class":430},[62,7767,131],{"class":95},[62,7769,299],{"class":99},[62,7771,1013],{"class":95},[62,7773,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784,7786],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7775,128],{"class":127},[62,7777,131],{"class":95},[62,7779,4067],{"class":430},[62,7781,131],{"class":95},[62,7783,2233],{"class":72},[62,7785,1935],{"class":99},[62,7787,1013],{"class":95},[62,7789,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,7791,128],{"class":127},[62,7793,131],{"class":95},[62,7795,4067],{"class":430},[62,7797,131],{"class":95},[62,7799,259],{"class":76},[62,7801,81],{"class":80},[62,7803,259],{"class":76},[62,7805,1013],{"class":95},[62,7807,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,7809,128],{"class":127},[62,7811,131],{"class":95},[62,7813,4067],{"class":430},[62,7815,496],{"class":95},[62,7817,499],{"class":99},[62,7819,103],{"class":95},[62,7821,284],{"class":99},[62,7823,103],{"class":95},[62,7825,508],{"class":99},[62,7827,3201],{"class":95},[62,7829,7830,7832,7834,7836,7838,7840,7842,7844],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,7831,128],{"class":127},[62,7833,131],{"class":95},[62,7835,4067],{"class":430},[62,7837,524],{"class":95},[62,7839,499],{"class":99},[62,7841,103],{"class":95},[62,7843,284],{"class":99},[62,7845,3115],{"class":95},[62,7847,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868,7870],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,7849,128],{"class":127},[62,7851,131],{"class":95},[62,7853,4067],{"class":430},[62,7855,547],{"class":95},[62,7857,259],{"class":76},[62,7859,329],{"class":80},[62,7861,259],{"class":76},[62,7863,267],{"class":95},[62,7865,77],{"class":76},[62,7867,218],{"class":80},[62,7869,259],{"class":76},[62,7871,5734],{"class":95},[14,7873,2282],{},[53,7875,7877],{"className":55,"code":7876,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,7878,7879,7883,7887,7891,7895,7899],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7880,7881],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7882,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7884,7885],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7886,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7888,7889],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,7890,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7892,7893],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,7894,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7896,7897],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,7898,4179],{"class":1618},[62,7900,7901],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,7902,4179],{"class":1618},[14,7904,7905],{},"One important example is this:",[53,7907,7909],{"className":55,"code":7908,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,7910,7911],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7912,7913,7915,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7914,128],{"class":127},[62,7916,131],{"class":95},[62,7918,4067],{"class":430},[62,7920,131],{"class":95},[62,7922,259],{"class":76},[62,7924,2098],{"class":80},[62,7926,259],{"class":76},[62,7928,1013],{"class":95},[14,7930,2282],{},[53,7932,7933],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,7934,7935],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7936,7937],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7938,4179],{"class":1618},[14,7940,7941,7942,7944,7945,409],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,7943,6871],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,7946,3808],{},[48,7948,7950],{"id":7949},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7952,2035,7953,7955],{},[18,7954,4016],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1256,7957,7959],{"id":7958},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[53,7961,7963],{"className":55,"code":7962,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7964,7965,7985],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,7966,7967,7969,7971,7973,7975,7977,7979,7981,7983],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,7968,90],{"class":68},[62,7970,73],{"class":72},[62,7972,96],{"class":95},[62,7974,100],{"class":99},[62,7976,103],{"class":95},[62,7978,106],{"class":99},[62,7980,103],{"class":95},[62,7982,111],{"class":99},[62,7984,114],{"class":95},[62,7986,7987,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,7988,128],{"class":127},[62,7990,131],{"class":95},[62,7992,4067],{"class":430},[62,7994,131],{"class":95},[62,7996,161],{"class":139},[62,7998,1013],{"class":95},[14,8000,2282],{},[53,8002,8003],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8004,8005],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8006,8007],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8008,4179],{"class":1618},[14,8010,8011],{},"With an empty list:",[53,8013,8015],{"className":55,"code":8014,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8016,8017,8025],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8018,8019,8021,8023],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8020,90],{"class":68},[62,8022,73],{"class":72},[62,8024,1273],{"class":95},[62,8026,8027,8029,8031,8033,8035,8037],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8028,128],{"class":127},[62,8030,131],{"class":95},[62,8032,4067],{"class":430},[62,8034,131],{"class":95},[62,8036,161],{"class":139},[62,8038,1013],{"class":95},[14,8040,2282],{},[53,8042,8043],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8044,8045],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8046,8047],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8048,4240],{"class":1618},[1256,8050,8052],{"id":8051},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[53,8054,8056],{"className":55,"code":8055,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8057,8058,8066],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8059,8060,8062,8064],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8061,211],{"class":68},[62,8063,73],{"class":72},[62,8065,680],{"class":76},[62,8067,8068,8070,8072,8074,8076,8078],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8069,128],{"class":127},[62,8071,131],{"class":95},[62,8073,4067],{"class":430},[62,8075,131],{"class":95},[62,8077,329],{"class":139},[62,8079,1013],{"class":95},[14,8081,2282],{},[53,8083,8084],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8085,8086],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8087,8088],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8089,4240],{"class":1618},[53,8091,8093],{"className":55,"code":8092,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8094,8095,8107],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8096,8097,8099,8101,8103,8105],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8098,211],{"class":68},[62,8100,73],{"class":72},[62,8102,77],{"class":76},[62,8104,1061],{"class":80},[62,8106,84],{"class":76},[62,8108,8109,8111,8113,8115,8117,8119],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8110,128],{"class":127},[62,8112,131],{"class":95},[62,8114,4067],{"class":430},[62,8116,131],{"class":95},[62,8118,329],{"class":139},[62,8120,1013],{"class":95},[14,8122,2282],{},[53,8124,8125],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8126,8127],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8128,8129],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8130,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,8132,8134],{"id":8133},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[53,8136,8138],{"className":55,"code":8137,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,8139,8140,8154,8171,8175],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8141,8142,8145,8147,8149,8152],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8143,8144],{"class":68},"username ",[62,8146,73],{"class":72},[62,8148,77],{"class":76},[62,8150,8151],{"class":80},"alex",[62,8153,84],{"class":76},[62,8155,8156,8159,8161,8164,8166,8169],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8157,8158],{"class":68},"has_name ",[62,8160,73],{"class":72},[62,8162,8163],{"class":430}," bool",[62,8165,131],{"class":95},[62,8167,8168],{"class":139},"username",[62,8170,434],{"class":95},[62,8172,8173],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,8174,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,8176,8177,8179,8181,8184],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,8178,128],{"class":127},[62,8180,131],{"class":95},[62,8182,8183],{"class":139},"has_name",[62,8185,434],{"class":95},[14,8187,2282],{},[53,8189,8190],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8191,8192],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8193,8194],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8195,4179],{"class":1618},[14,8197,8198,8199,2022,8201,8203],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,8200,3808],{},[18,8202,2098],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1256,8205,8207],{"id":8206},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8209,8210],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[53,8212,8214],{"className":55,"code":8213,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,8215,8216,8236,8240,8248],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8217,8218,8220,8222,8224,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8219,225],{"class":68},[62,8221,73],{"class":72},[62,8223,96],{"class":95},[62,8225,499],{"class":99},[62,8227,103],{"class":95},[62,8229,284],{"class":99},[62,8231,103],{"class":95},[62,8233,508],{"class":99},[62,8235,114],{"class":95},[62,8237,8238],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8239,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,8241,8242,8244,8246],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,8243,730],{"class":729},[62,8245,4462],{"class":68},[62,8247,749],{"class":95},[62,8249,8250,8252,8254,8256,8259,8261],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,8251,754],{"class":127},[62,8253,131],{"class":95},[62,8255,259],{"class":76},[62,8257,8258],{"class":80},"The list is not empty",[62,8260,259],{"class":76},[62,8262,434],{"class":95},[14,8264,2282],{},[53,8266,8268],{"className":55,"code":8267,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"The list is not empty\n",[18,8269,8270],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8271,8272,8274,8277,8280,8282],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8273,2191],{"class":68},[62,8275,8276],{"class":430},"list",[62,8278,8279],{"class":72}," is",[62,8281,1794],{"class":72},[62,8283,8284],{"class":68}," empty\n",[14,8286,8287,8288,409],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[262,8289,8291],{"href":8290},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[48,8293,8295],{"id":8294},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8297,8298,8299,8301],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,8300,4016],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8303,8304],{},"It does not do that.",[1256,8306,8308,2602,8311],{"id":8307},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,8309,8310],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,8312,3808],{},[53,8314,8315],{"className":55,"code":7908,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8316,8317],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8318,8319,8321,8323,8325,8327,8329,8331,8333],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8320,128],{"class":127},[62,8322,131],{"class":95},[62,8324,4067],{"class":430},[62,8326,131],{"class":95},[62,8328,259],{"class":76},[62,8330,2098],{"class":80},[62,8332,259],{"class":76},[62,8334,1013],{"class":95},[14,8336,2282],{},[53,8338,8339],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8340,8341],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8342,8343],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8344,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,8346,8348,2602,8351],{"id":8347},"bool0-returns-true",[18,8349,8350],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,8352,3808],{},[53,8354,8356],{"className":55,"code":8355,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,8357,8358],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8359,8360,8362,8364,8366,8368,8370,8372,8374],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8361,128],{"class":127},[62,8363,131],{"class":95},[62,8365,4067],{"class":430},[62,8367,131],{"class":95},[62,8369,259],{"class":76},[62,8371,665],{"class":80},[62,8373,259],{"class":76},[62,8375,1013],{"class":95},[14,8377,2282],{},[53,8379,8380],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8381,8382],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8383,8384],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8385,4179],{"class":1618},[14,8387,8388,8389,409],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3946,8390,7738],{},[14,8392,8393,8395],{},[18,8394,4016],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8397,8398,8399,8404,8405,8407],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[262,8400,8402],{"href":8401},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,8403,3161],{},", because ",[18,8406,3161],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8409,201],{},[53,8411,8413],{"className":55,"code":8412,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,8414,8415,8435],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8416,8417,8420,8422,8424,8426,8428,8431,8433],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8418,8419],{"class":68},"user_value ",[62,8421,73],{"class":72},[62,8423,1329],{"class":127},[62,8425,131],{"class":95},[62,8427,259],{"class":76},[62,8429,8430],{"class":80},"Enter True or False: ",[62,8432,259],{"class":76},[62,8434,434],{"class":95},[62,8436,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445,8448],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8438,128],{"class":127},[62,8440,131],{"class":95},[62,8442,4067],{"class":430},[62,8444,131],{"class":95},[62,8446,8447],{"class":139},"user_value",[62,8449,1013],{"class":95},[14,8451,8452,8453,8455,8456,8404,8458,8460],{},"If the user types ",[18,8454,2098],{},", the result will still be ",[18,8457,3808],{},[18,8459,6871],{}," is not empty.",[48,8462,8464],{"id":8463},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8466,8467,8468,8470,8471,8473],{},"In many ",[18,8469,730],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,8472,4016],{}," yourself.",[14,8475,8476],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8478,8479],{},"Instead of this:",[53,8481,8483],{"className":55,"code":8482,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8484,8485,8505,8509,8522],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8486,8487,8489,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8488,2050],{"class":68},[62,8490,73],{"class":72},[62,8492,96],{"class":95},[62,8494,499],{"class":99},[62,8496,103],{"class":95},[62,8498,284],{"class":99},[62,8500,103],{"class":95},[62,8502,508],{"class":99},[62,8504,114],{"class":95},[62,8506,8507],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8508,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,8510,8511,8513,8515,8517,8519],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,8512,730],{"class":729},[62,8514,8163],{"class":430},[62,8516,131],{"class":95},[62,8518,2069],{"class":139},[62,8520,8521],{"class":95},"):\n",[62,8523,8524,8526,8528,8530,8533,8535],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,8525,754],{"class":127},[62,8527,131],{"class":95},[62,8529,259],{"class":76},[62,8531,8532],{"class":80},"List has items",[62,8534,259],{"class":76},[62,8536,434],{"class":95},[14,8538,8539],{},"You can simply write:",[53,8541,8543],{"className":55,"code":8542,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8544,8545,8565,8569,8578],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8546,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561,8563],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8548,2050],{"class":68},[62,8550,73],{"class":72},[62,8552,96],{"class":95},[62,8554,499],{"class":99},[62,8556,103],{"class":95},[62,8558,284],{"class":99},[62,8560,103],{"class":95},[62,8562,508],{"class":99},[62,8564,114],{"class":95},[62,8566,8567],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8568,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,8570,8571,8573,8576],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,8572,730],{"class":729},[62,8574,8575],{"class":68}," my_list",[62,8577,749],{"class":95},[62,8579,8580,8582,8584,8586,8588,8590],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,8581,754],{"class":127},[62,8583,131],{"class":95},[62,8585,259],{"class":76},[62,8587,8532],{"class":80},[62,8589,259],{"class":76},[62,8591,434],{"class":95},[14,8593,8594],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8596,1834,8597,8599],{},[18,8598,4016],{}," is still helpful when:",[29,8601,8602,8605,8613],{},[32,8603,8604],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[32,8606,8607,8608,2022,8610,8612],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,8609,3808],{},[18,8611,2098],{}," value",[32,8614,8615],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8617,8618,8619,409],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[262,8620,1820],{"href":1819},[48,8622,1824],{"id":1823},[14,8624,8625,8626,409],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,8627,4016],{},[1256,8629,8631,8632,8634,8635],{"id":8630},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,8633,8310],{}," to return ",[18,8636,2098],{},[14,8638,8639],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[53,8641,8642],{"className":55,"code":7908,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8643,8644],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8645,8646,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8647,128],{"class":127},[62,8649,131],{"class":95},[62,8651,4067],{"class":430},[62,8653,131],{"class":95},[62,8655,259],{"class":76},[62,8657,2098],{"class":80},[62,8659,259],{"class":76},[62,8661,1013],{"class":95},[14,8663,2282],{},[53,8665,8666],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8667,8668],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8669,8670],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8671,4179],{"class":1618},[14,8673,8674,8675,6872],{},"Why? Because ",[18,8676,6871],{},[14,8678,8679],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[53,8681,8683],{"className":55,"code":8682,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,8684,8685,8697],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8686,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8688,1613],{"class":68},[62,8690,73],{"class":72},[62,8692,77],{"class":76},[62,8694,2098],{"class":80},[62,8696,84],{"class":76},[62,8698,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8700,128],{"class":127},[62,8702,131],{"class":95},[62,8704,1613],{"class":139},[62,8706,4888],{"class":72},[62,8708,77],{"class":76},[62,8710,3808],{"class":80},[62,8712,259],{"class":76},[62,8714,434],{"class":95},[14,8716,2282],{},[53,8718,8719],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,8720,8721],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8722,8723],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8724,4240],{"class":1618},[1256,8726,8728],{"id":8727},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8730,8731,8733],{},[18,8732,3161],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[53,8735,8737],{"className":55,"code":8736,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8738,8739,8758],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8740,8741,8743,8745,8747,8749,8751,8754,8756],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8742,1613],{"class":68},[62,8744,73],{"class":72},[62,8746,1329],{"class":127},[62,8748,131],{"class":95},[62,8750,259],{"class":76},[62,8752,8753],{"class":80},"Enter yes or no: ",[62,8755,259],{"class":76},[62,8757,434],{"class":95},[62,8759,8760,8762,8764,8766,8768,8770],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8761,128],{"class":127},[62,8763,131],{"class":95},[62,8765,4067],{"class":430},[62,8767,131],{"class":95},[62,8769,1632],{"class":139},[62,8771,1013],{"class":95},[14,8773,8452,8774,8777,8778,8780,8781,8460],{},[18,8775,8776],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8779,3808],{}," because ",[18,8782,8783],{},"\"no\"",[14,8785,8786],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[53,8788,8790],{"className":55,"code":8789,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8791,8792,8823],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8793,8794,8796,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806,8808,8811,8814,8817,8820],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8795,1613],{"class":68},[62,8797,73],{"class":72},[62,8799,1329],{"class":127},[62,8801,131],{"class":95},[62,8803,259],{"class":76},[62,8805,8753],{"class":80},[62,8807,259],{"class":76},[62,8809,8810],{"class":95},").",[62,8812,8813],{"class":139},"strip",[62,8815,8816],{"class":95},"().",[62,8818,8819],{"class":139},"lower",[62,8821,8822],{"class":95},"()\n",[62,8824,8825,8827,8829,8831,8833,8835,8838,8840],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8826,128],{"class":127},[62,8828,131],{"class":95},[62,8830,1613],{"class":139},[62,8832,4888],{"class":72},[62,8834,77],{"class":76},[62,8836,8837],{"class":80},"yes",[62,8839,259],{"class":76},[62,8841,434],{"class":95},[14,8843,8844,8845,8847,8848,409],{},"This gives ",[18,8846,3808],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8849,8837],{},[1256,8851,8853],{"id":8852},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8855,8856],{},"These are different:",[29,8858,8859,8863,8867,8871,8875],{},[32,8860,8861],{},[18,8862,2098],{},[32,8864,8865],{},[18,8866,665],{},[32,8868,8869],{},[18,8870,6467],{},[32,8872,8873],{},[18,8874,3990],{},[32,8876,8877],{},[18,8878,1548],{},[14,8880,8881,8882,8884,8885,8887],{},"They all become ",[18,8883,2098],{}," with ",[18,8886,4016],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8889,8890],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[53,8892,8894],{"className":55,"code":8893,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8895,8896,8904,8918],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8897,8898,8900,8902],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8899,1613],{"class":68},[62,8901,73],{"class":72},[62,8903,1273],{"class":95},[62,8905,8906,8908,8910,8912,8914,8916],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8907,128],{"class":127},[62,8909,131],{"class":95},[62,8911,1690],{"class":430},[62,8913,131],{"class":95},[62,8915,1632],{"class":139},[62,8917,1013],{"class":95},[62,8919,8920,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,8921,128],{"class":127},[62,8923,131],{"class":95},[62,8925,4067],{"class":430},[62,8927,131],{"class":95},[62,8929,1632],{"class":139},[62,8931,1013],{"class":95},[14,8933,2282],{},[53,8935,8937],{"className":55,"code":8936,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,8938,8939,8953],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8940,8941,8943,8945,8947,8949,8951],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8942,3492],{"class":72},[62,8944,3495],{"class":2276},[62,8946,3498],{"class":76},[62,8948,8276],{"class":80},[62,8950,3503],{"class":76},[62,8952,3506],{"class":72},[62,8954,8955],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,8956,4240],{"class":1618},[1256,8958,1834,8960,8962],{"id":8959},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,8961,3995],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8964,8965,8966,8968],{},"In Python, ",[18,8967,3995],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[53,8970,8972],{"className":55,"code":8971,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type({}))\n",[18,8973,8974],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8975,8976,8978,8980,8982],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8977,128],{"class":127},[62,8979,131],{"class":95},[62,8981,1690],{"class":430},[62,8983,7649],{"class":95},[14,8985,2282],{},[53,8987,8989],{"className":55,"code":8988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,8990,8991],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,8992,8993,8995,8997,8999,9002,9004],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,8994,3492],{"class":72},[62,8996,3495],{"class":2276},[62,8998,3498],{"class":76},[62,9000,9001],{"class":80},"dict",[62,9003,3503],{"class":76},[62,9005,3506],{"class":72},[14,9007,9008],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[53,9010,9012],{"className":55,"code":9011,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,9013,9014],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9015,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9017,128],{"class":127},[62,9019,131],{"class":95},[62,9021,1690],{"class":430},[62,9023,131],{"class":95},[62,9025,6482],{"class":430},[62,9027,6485],{"class":95},[14,9029,2282],{},[53,9031,9033],{"className":55,"code":9032,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,9034,9035],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9036,9037,9039,9041,9043,9045,9047],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9038,3492],{"class":72},[62,9040,3495],{"class":2276},[62,9042,3498],{"class":76},[62,9044,6482],{"class":80},[62,9046,3503],{"class":76},[62,9048,3506],{"class":72},[48,9050,9052],{"id":9051},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9054,9055,9056,9058],{},"If ",[18,9057,4016],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[53,9060,9062],{"className":55,"code":9061,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,9063,9064,9078,9092,9102,9120],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9065,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074,9076],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9067,128],{"class":127},[62,9069,131],{"class":95},[62,9071,4067],{"class":430},[62,9073,131],{"class":95},[62,9075,1632],{"class":139},[62,9077,1013],{"class":95},[62,9079,9080,9082,9084,9086,9088,9090],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9081,128],{"class":127},[62,9083,131],{"class":95},[62,9085,1690],{"class":430},[62,9087,131],{"class":95},[62,9089,1632],{"class":139},[62,9091,1013],{"class":95},[62,9093,9094,9096,9098,9100],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,9095,128],{"class":127},[62,9097,131],{"class":95},[62,9099,1632],{"class":139},[62,9101,434],{"class":95},[62,9103,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114,9116,9118],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,9105,128],{"class":127},[62,9107,131],{"class":95},[62,9109,1613],{"class":139},[62,9111,4888],{"class":72},[62,9113,77],{"class":76},[62,9115,3808],{"class":80},[62,9117,259],{"class":76},[62,9119,434],{"class":95},[62,9121,9122,9124,9126,9128,9130,9132,9134,9136],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,9123,128],{"class":127},[62,9125,131],{"class":95},[62,9127,1632],{"class":139},[62,9129,409],{"class":95},[62,9131,8813],{"class":139},[62,9133,8816],{"class":95},[62,9135,8819],{"class":139},[62,9137,7385],{"class":95},[14,9139,9140],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[29,9142,9143,9146,9149,9152],{},[32,9144,9145],{},"what the value really is",[32,9147,9148],{},"whether it is a string",[32,9150,9151],{},"whether it contains spaces",[32,9153,9154],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9156,9157,9158,409],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[262,9159,9161],{"href":9160},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[48,9163,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,9165,9167],{"id":9166},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9169,9170,9171,2022,9173,409],{},"It returns either ",[18,9172,3808],{},[18,9174,2098],{},[1256,9176,9178],{"id":9177},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9180,5346,9181,409],{},[18,9182,2098],{},[1256,9184,9186],{"id":9185},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9188,9189,9190,409],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,9191,3808],{},[1256,9193,9195],{"id":9194},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9197,9198,9199,409],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,9200,2098],{},[1256,9202,9204],{"id":9203},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9206,9207,9208,2022,9210,3940],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,9209,3808],{},[18,9211,2098],{},[48,9213,2109],{"id":2108},[29,9215,9216,9221,9225,9230,9234,9239],{},[32,9217,9218],{},[262,9219,9220],{"href":5973},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[32,9222,9223],{},[262,9224,8291],{"href":8290},[32,9226,9227],{},[262,9228,9229],{"href":8401},"Python input() function explained",[32,9231,9232],{},[262,9233,1820],{"href":1819},[32,9235,9236],{},[262,9237,9238],{"href":9160},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[32,9240,9241],{},[262,9242,9243],{"href":7401},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2145,9245,9246],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":9248},[9249,9250,9251,9252,9253,9254,9260,9266,9267,9275,9276,9283],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":7338,"depth":87,"text":7339},{"id":7405,"depth":87,"text":7406},{"id":7524,"depth":87,"text":7525},{"id":7719,"depth":87,"text":7720},{"id":7949,"depth":87,"text":7950,"children":9255},[9256,9257,9258,9259],{"id":7958,"depth":117,"text":7959},{"id":8051,"depth":117,"text":8052},{"id":8133,"depth":117,"text":8134},{"id":8206,"depth":117,"text":8207},{"id":8294,"depth":87,"text":8295,"children":9261},[9262,9264],{"id":8307,"depth":117,"text":9263},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8347,"depth":117,"text":9265},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8463,"depth":87,"text":8464},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":9268},[9269,9271,9272,9273],{"id":8630,"depth":117,"text":9270},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8727,"depth":117,"text":8728},{"id":8852,"depth":117,"text":8853},{"id":8959,"depth":117,"text":9274},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9051,"depth":87,"text":9052},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":9277},[9278,9279,9280,9281,9282],{"id":9166,"depth":117,"text":9167},{"id":9177,"depth":117,"text":9178},{"id":9185,"depth":117,"text":9186},{"id":9194,"depth":117,"text":9195},{"id":9203,"depth":117,"text":9204},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7166,"description":9284},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9291,"title":9292,"body":9293,"description":11476,"extension":2174,"meta":11477,"navigation":120,"path":11478,"seo":11479,"stem":11480,"__hash__":11481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9294,"toc":11438},[9295,9301,9306,9313,9318,9329,9334,9439,9443,9510,9515,9520,9525,9528,9539,9544,9547,9558,9565,9567,9572,9576,9601,9605,9614,9618,9681,9685,9718,9722,9767,9771,9808,9812,9815,9871,9875,9921,9924,9929,9968,9972,9995,9998,10011,10024,10028,10033,10100,10104,10140,10143,10151,10154,10218,10222,10254,10260,10262,10322,10329,10332,10410,10414,10447,10451,10454,10498,10502,10538,10541,10558,10561,10564,10617,10620,10630,10637,10646,10649,10706,10710,10751,10759,10767,10773,10781,10793,10798,10809,10882,10885,10897,10913,10917,10922,10926,10928,10971,10977,10980,11043,11047,11050,11059,11064,11101,11105,11108,11116,11119,11158,11162,11165,11216,11220,11241,11248,11250,11256,11283,11286,11340,11343,11354,11356,11363,11371,11377,11382,11389,11392,11399,11406,11408,11435],[10,9296,3779,9298,3783],{"id":9297},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,9299,9300],{},"dict()",[14,9302,16,9303,9305],{},[18,9304,9300],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9307,9308,9309,9312],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3946,9310,9311],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9314,9315,9317],{},[18,9316,9300],{}," is commonly used to:",[29,9319,9320,9323,9326],{},[32,9321,9322],{},"create an empty dictionary",[32,9324,9325],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,9327,9328],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9330,9331,9332,409],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[262,9333,408],{"href":407},[53,9335,9337],{"className":55,"code":9336,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,9338,9339,9372,9382,9386,9424],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9340,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9352,9354,9356,9358,9360,9362,9365,9367,9370],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9342,251],{"class":68},[62,9344,73],{"class":72},[62,9346,1752],{"class":430},[62,9348,131],{"class":95},[62,9350,329],{"class":9351},"s99_P",[62,9353,73],{"class":72},[62,9355,3503],{"class":76},[62,9357,718],{"class":80},[62,9359,3503],{"class":76},[62,9361,103],{"class":95},[62,9363,9364],{"class":9351}," age",[62,9366,73],{"class":72},[62,9368,9369],{"class":99},"25",[62,9371,434],{"class":95},[62,9373,9374,9376,9378,9380],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9375,128],{"class":127},[62,9377,131],{"class":95},[62,9379,367],{"class":139},[62,9381,434],{"class":95},[62,9383,9384],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,9385,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,9387,9388,9391,9393,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419,9421],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,9389,9390],{"class":68},"pairs ",[62,9392,73],{"class":72},[62,9394,9395],{"class":95}," [(",[62,9397,3503],{"class":76},[62,9399,262],{"class":80},[62,9401,3503],{"class":76},[62,9403,103],{"class":95},[62,9405,270],{"class":99},[62,9407,9408],{"class":95},"),",[62,9410,854],{"class":95},[62,9412,3503],{"class":76},[62,9414,277],{"class":80},[62,9416,3503],{"class":76},[62,9418,103],{"class":95},[62,9420,284],{"class":99},[62,9422,9423],{"class":95},")]\n",[62,9425,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9437],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,9427,128],{"class":127},[62,9429,131],{"class":95},[62,9431,9001],{"class":430},[62,9433,131],{"class":95},[62,9435,9436],{"class":139},"pairs",[62,9438,1013],{"class":95},[14,9440,9441],{},[3946,9442,2282],{},[53,9444,9446],{"className":55,"code":9445,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9447,9448,9482],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9449,9450,9453,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9480],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9451,9452],{"class":95},"{",[62,9454,3503],{"class":76},[62,9456,329],{"class":80},[62,9458,3503],{"class":76},[62,9460,267],{"class":95},[62,9462,3498],{"class":76},[62,9464,718],{"class":80},[62,9466,3503],{"class":76},[62,9468,103],{"class":95},[62,9470,3498],{"class":76},[62,9472,1073],{"class":80},[62,9474,3503],{"class":76},[62,9476,267],{"class":95},[62,9478,9479],{"class":99}," 25",[62,9481,287],{"class":95},[62,9483,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9485,9452],{"class":95},[62,9487,3503],{"class":76},[62,9489,262],{"class":80},[62,9491,3503],{"class":76},[62,9493,267],{"class":95},[62,9495,270],{"class":99},[62,9497,103],{"class":95},[62,9499,3498],{"class":76},[62,9501,277],{"class":80},[62,9503,3503],{"class":76},[62,9505,267],{"class":95},[62,9507,284],{"class":99},[62,9509,287],{"class":95},[14,9511,169,9512,9514],{},[18,9513,9300],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[48,9516,3879,9518,3882],{"id":9517},"what-dict-does",[18,9519,9300],{},[14,9521,9522,9524],{},[18,9523,9300],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9526,9527],{},"A dictionary:",[29,9529,9530,9533,9536],{},[32,9531,9532],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[32,9534,9535],{},"lets you look up values by key",[32,9537,9538],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9540,9541,9543],{},[18,9542,9300],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9545,9546],{},"Common uses include:",[29,9548,9549,9552,9555],{},[32,9550,9551],{},"making an empty dictionary",[32,9553,9554],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[32,9556,9557],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9559,9560,9561,409],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[262,9562,9564],{"href":9563},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[48,9566,413],{"id":412},[14,9568,9569,9571],{},[18,9570,9300],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1256,9573,9575],{"id":9574},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[53,9577,9579],{"className":55,"code":9578,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,9580,9581,9591],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9582,9583,9585,9587,9589],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9584,251],{"class":68},[62,9586,73],{"class":72},[62,9588,1752],{"class":430},[62,9590,8822],{"class":95},[62,9592,9593,9595,9597,9599],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9594,128],{"class":127},[62,9596,131],{"class":95},[62,9598,367],{"class":139},[62,9600,434],{"class":95},[14,9602,9603],{},[3946,9604,2282],{},[53,9606,9608],{"className":55,"code":9607,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{}\n",[18,9609,9610],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9611,9612],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9613,9607],{"class":95},[1256,9615,9617],{"id":9616},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[53,9619,9621],{"className":55,"code":9620,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9622,9623,9657,9671],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9624,9625,9627,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9626,9390],{"class":68},[62,9628,73],{"class":72},[62,9630,9395],{"class":95},[62,9632,3503],{"class":76},[62,9634,262],{"class":80},[62,9636,3503],{"class":76},[62,9638,103],{"class":95},[62,9640,270],{"class":99},[62,9642,9408],{"class":95},[62,9644,854],{"class":95},[62,9646,3503],{"class":76},[62,9648,277],{"class":80},[62,9650,3503],{"class":76},[62,9652,103],{"class":95},[62,9654,284],{"class":99},[62,9656,9423],{"class":95},[62,9658,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9660,251],{"class":68},[62,9662,73],{"class":72},[62,9664,1752],{"class":430},[62,9666,131],{"class":95},[62,9668,9436],{"class":139},[62,9670,434],{"class":95},[62,9672,9673,9675,9677,9679],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,9674,128],{"class":127},[62,9676,131],{"class":95},[62,9678,367],{"class":139},[62,9680,434],{"class":95},[14,9682,9683],{},[3946,9684,2282],{},[53,9686,9688],{"className":55,"code":9687,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9689,9690],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9691,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9693,9452],{"class":95},[62,9695,3503],{"class":76},[62,9697,262],{"class":80},[62,9699,3503],{"class":76},[62,9701,267],{"class":95},[62,9703,270],{"class":99},[62,9705,103],{"class":95},[62,9707,3498],{"class":76},[62,9709,277],{"class":80},[62,9711,3503],{"class":76},[62,9713,267],{"class":95},[62,9715,284],{"class":99},[62,9717,287],{"class":95},[1256,9719,9721],{"id":9720},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[53,9723,9725],{"className":55,"code":9724,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9726,9727,9757],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9728,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9730,251],{"class":68},[62,9732,73],{"class":72},[62,9734,1752],{"class":430},[62,9736,131],{"class":95},[62,9738,329],{"class":9351},[62,9740,73],{"class":72},[62,9742,3503],{"class":76},[62,9744,718],{"class":80},[62,9746,3503],{"class":76},[62,9748,103],{"class":95},[62,9750,9364],{"class":9351},[62,9752,73],{"class":72},[62,9754,9369],{"class":99},[62,9756,434],{"class":95},[62,9758,9759,9761,9763,9765],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9760,128],{"class":127},[62,9762,131],{"class":95},[62,9764,367],{"class":139},[62,9766,434],{"class":95},[14,9768,9769],{},[3946,9770,2282],{},[53,9772,9774],{"className":55,"code":9773,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9775,9776],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9777,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9779,9452],{"class":95},[62,9781,3503],{"class":76},[62,9783,329],{"class":80},[62,9785,3503],{"class":76},[62,9787,267],{"class":95},[62,9789,3498],{"class":76},[62,9791,718],{"class":80},[62,9793,3503],{"class":76},[62,9795,103],{"class":95},[62,9797,3498],{"class":76},[62,9799,1073],{"class":80},[62,9801,3503],{"class":76},[62,9803,267],{"class":95},[62,9805,9479],{"class":99},[62,9807,287],{"class":95},[1256,9809,9811],{"id":9810},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9813,9814],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[53,9816,9818],{"className":55,"code":9817,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9819,9820,9861],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9821,9822,9824,9826,9828,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9855,9857,9859],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9823,251],{"class":68},[62,9825,73],{"class":72},[62,9827,1752],{"class":430},[62,9829,9830],{"class":95},"([(",[62,9832,3503],{"class":76},[62,9834,262],{"class":80},[62,9836,3503],{"class":76},[62,9838,103],{"class":95},[62,9840,270],{"class":99},[62,9842,9843],{"class":95},")],",[62,9845,2763],{"class":9351},[62,9847,73],{"class":72},[62,9849,1935],{"class":99},[62,9851,103],{"class":95},[62,9853,9854],{"class":9351}," c",[62,9856,73],{"class":72},[62,9858,2273],{"class":99},[62,9860,434],{"class":95},[62,9862,9863,9865,9867,9869],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9864,128],{"class":127},[62,9866,131],{"class":95},[62,9868,367],{"class":139},[62,9870,434],{"class":95},[14,9872,9873],{},[3946,9874,2282],{},[53,9876,9878],{"className":55,"code":9877,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,9879,9880],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9881,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9913,9915,9917,9919],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9883,9452],{"class":95},[62,9885,3503],{"class":76},[62,9887,262],{"class":80},[62,9889,3503],{"class":76},[62,9891,267],{"class":95},[62,9893,270],{"class":99},[62,9895,103],{"class":95},[62,9897,3498],{"class":76},[62,9899,277],{"class":80},[62,9901,3503],{"class":76},[62,9903,267],{"class":95},[62,9905,284],{"class":99},[62,9907,103],{"class":95},[62,9909,3498],{"class":76},[62,9911,9912],{"class":80},"c",[62,9914,3503],{"class":76},[62,9916,267],{"class":95},[62,9918,508],{"class":99},[62,9920,287],{"class":95},[48,9922,9575],{"id":9923},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9925,169,9926,9928],{},[18,9927,9300],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[53,9930,9932],{"className":55,"code":9931,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,9933,9934,9944,9958],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9935,9936,9938,9940,9942],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9937,251],{"class":68},[62,9939,73],{"class":72},[62,9941,1752],{"class":430},[62,9943,8822],{"class":95},[62,9945,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9947,128],{"class":127},[62,9949,131],{"class":95},[62,9951,1690],{"class":430},[62,9953,131],{"class":95},[62,9955,367],{"class":139},[62,9957,1013],{"class":95},[62,9959,9960,9962,9964,9966],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,9961,128],{"class":127},[62,9963,131],{"class":95},[62,9965,367],{"class":139},[62,9967,434],{"class":95},[14,9969,9970],{},[3946,9971,2282],{},[53,9973,9975],{"className":55,"code":9974,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,9976,9977,9991],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,9978,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,9980,3492],{"class":72},[62,9982,3495],{"class":2276},[62,9984,3498],{"class":76},[62,9986,9001],{"class":80},[62,9988,3503],{"class":76},[62,9990,3506],{"class":72},[62,9992,9993],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,9994,9607],{"class":95},[14,9996,9997],{},"This gives the same result as:",[53,9999,10001],{"className":55,"code":10000,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {}\n",[18,10002,10003],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10004,10005,10007,10009],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10006,251],{"class":68},[62,10008,73],{"class":72},[62,10010,1206],{"class":95},[14,10012,10013,10014,10016,10017,10020,10021,10023],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,10015,3995],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10018,10019],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,10022,9300],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[48,10025,10027],{"id":10026},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10029,10030,10031,409],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,10032,9300],{},[53,10034,10036],{"className":55,"code":10035,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10037,10038,10076,10090],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10039,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10041,9390],{"class":68},[62,10043,73],{"class":72},[62,10045,9395],{"class":95},[62,10047,3503],{"class":76},[62,10049,329],{"class":80},[62,10051,3503],{"class":76},[62,10053,103],{"class":95},[62,10055,3498],{"class":76},[62,10057,718],{"class":80},[62,10059,3503],{"class":76},[62,10061,9408],{"class":95},[62,10063,854],{"class":95},[62,10065,3503],{"class":76},[62,10067,1073],{"class":80},[62,10069,3503],{"class":76},[62,10071,103],{"class":95},[62,10073,9479],{"class":99},[62,10075,9423],{"class":95},[62,10077,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10079,251],{"class":68},[62,10081,73],{"class":72},[62,10083,1752],{"class":430},[62,10085,131],{"class":95},[62,10087,9436],{"class":139},[62,10089,434],{"class":95},[62,10091,10092,10094,10096,10098],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,10093,128],{"class":127},[62,10095,131],{"class":95},[62,10097,367],{"class":139},[62,10099,434],{"class":95},[14,10101,10102],{},[3946,10103,2282],{},[53,10105,10106],{"className":55,"code":9773,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,10107,10108],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10109,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10111,9452],{"class":95},[62,10113,3503],{"class":76},[62,10115,329],{"class":80},[62,10117,3503],{"class":76},[62,10119,267],{"class":95},[62,10121,3498],{"class":76},[62,10123,718],{"class":80},[62,10125,3503],{"class":76},[62,10127,103],{"class":95},[62,10129,3498],{"class":76},[62,10131,1073],{"class":80},[62,10133,3503],{"class":76},[62,10135,267],{"class":95},[62,10137,9479],{"class":99},[62,10139,287],{"class":95},[14,10141,10142],{},"Each pair becomes:",[29,10144,10145,10148],{},[32,10146,10147],{},"the first item as the key",[32,10149,10150],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10152,10153],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[53,10155,10157],{"className":55,"code":10156,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10158,10159,10194,10208],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10160,10161,10163,10165,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10162,9390],{"class":68},[62,10164,73],{"class":72},[62,10166,10167],{"class":95}," ((",[62,10169,3503],{"class":76},[62,10171,262],{"class":80},[62,10173,3503],{"class":76},[62,10175,103],{"class":95},[62,10177,270],{"class":99},[62,10179,9408],{"class":95},[62,10181,854],{"class":95},[62,10183,3503],{"class":76},[62,10185,277],{"class":80},[62,10187,3503],{"class":76},[62,10189,103],{"class":95},[62,10191,284],{"class":99},[62,10193,1013],{"class":95},[62,10195,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10197,251],{"class":68},[62,10199,73],{"class":72},[62,10201,1752],{"class":430},[62,10203,131],{"class":95},[62,10205,9436],{"class":139},[62,10207,434],{"class":95},[62,10209,10210,10212,10214,10216],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,10211,128],{"class":127},[62,10213,131],{"class":95},[62,10215,367],{"class":139},[62,10217,434],{"class":95},[14,10219,10220],{},[3946,10221,2282],{},[53,10223,10224],{"className":55,"code":9687,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,10225,10226],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10227,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10229,9452],{"class":95},[62,10231,3503],{"class":76},[62,10233,262],{"class":80},[62,10235,3503],{"class":76},[62,10237,267],{"class":95},[62,10239,270],{"class":99},[62,10241,103],{"class":95},[62,10243,3498],{"class":76},[62,10245,277],{"class":80},[62,10247,3503],{"class":76},[62,10249,267],{"class":95},[62,10251,284],{"class":99},[62,10253,287],{"class":95},[14,10255,10256,10257,409],{},"Each item must contain ",[3946,10258,10259],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10261,3040],{},[53,10263,10265],{"className":55,"code":10264,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,10266,10267,10307],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10268,10269,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10270,10271],{"class":68},"bad_data ",[62,10273,73],{"class":72},[62,10275,9395],{"class":95},[62,10277,3503],{"class":76},[62,10279,262],{"class":80},[62,10281,3503],{"class":76},[62,10283,103],{"class":95},[62,10285,270],{"class":99},[62,10287,103],{"class":95},[62,10289,10290],{"class":99}," 100",[62,10292,9408],{"class":95},[62,10294,854],{"class":95},[62,10296,3503],{"class":76},[62,10298,277],{"class":80},[62,10300,3503],{"class":76},[62,10302,103],{"class":95},[62,10304,284],{"class":99},[62,10306,9423],{"class":95},[62,10308,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10320],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10310,2435],{"class":68},[62,10312,73],{"class":72},[62,10314,1752],{"class":430},[62,10316,131],{"class":95},[62,10318,10319],{"class":139},"bad_data",[62,10321,434],{"class":95},[14,10323,10324,10325,10328],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,10326,10327],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10330,10331],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[53,10333,10335],{"className":55,"code":10334,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10336,10337,10386,10400],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10338,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10340,9390],{"class":68},[62,10342,73],{"class":72},[62,10344,9395],{"class":95},[62,10346,3503],{"class":76},[62,10348,262],{"class":80},[62,10350,3503],{"class":76},[62,10352,103],{"class":95},[62,10354,270],{"class":99},[62,10356,9408],{"class":95},[62,10358,854],{"class":95},[62,10360,3503],{"class":76},[62,10362,262],{"class":80},[62,10364,3503],{"class":76},[62,10366,103],{"class":95},[62,10368,10369],{"class":99}," 99",[62,10371,9408],{"class":95},[62,10373,854],{"class":95},[62,10375,3503],{"class":76},[62,10377,277],{"class":80},[62,10379,3503],{"class":76},[62,10381,103],{"class":95},[62,10383,284],{"class":99},[62,10385,9423],{"class":95},[62,10387,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10389,251],{"class":68},[62,10391,73],{"class":72},[62,10393,1752],{"class":430},[62,10395,131],{"class":95},[62,10397,9436],{"class":139},[62,10399,434],{"class":95},[62,10401,10402,10404,10406,10408],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,10403,128],{"class":127},[62,10405,131],{"class":95},[62,10407,367],{"class":139},[62,10409,434],{"class":95},[14,10411,10412],{},[3946,10413,2282],{},[53,10415,10417],{"className":55,"code":10416,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10418,10419],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10420,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10422,9452],{"class":95},[62,10424,3503],{"class":76},[62,10426,262],{"class":80},[62,10428,3503],{"class":76},[62,10430,267],{"class":95},[62,10432,10369],{"class":99},[62,10434,103],{"class":95},[62,10436,3498],{"class":76},[62,10438,277],{"class":80},[62,10440,3503],{"class":76},[62,10442,267],{"class":95},[62,10444,284],{"class":99},[62,10446,287],{"class":95},[48,10448,10450],{"id":10449},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10452,10453],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[53,10455,10456],{"className":55,"code":9724,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,10457,10458,10488],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10459,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10461,251],{"class":68},[62,10463,73],{"class":72},[62,10465,1752],{"class":430},[62,10467,131],{"class":95},[62,10469,329],{"class":9351},[62,10471,73],{"class":72},[62,10473,3503],{"class":76},[62,10475,718],{"class":80},[62,10477,3503],{"class":76},[62,10479,103],{"class":95},[62,10481,9364],{"class":9351},[62,10483,73],{"class":72},[62,10485,9369],{"class":99},[62,10487,434],{"class":95},[62,10489,10490,10492,10494,10496],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10491,128],{"class":127},[62,10493,131],{"class":95},[62,10495,367],{"class":139},[62,10497,434],{"class":95},[14,10499,10500],{},[3946,10501,2282],{},[53,10503,10504],{"className":55,"code":9773,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,10505,10506],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10507,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10509,9452],{"class":95},[62,10511,3503],{"class":76},[62,10513,329],{"class":80},[62,10515,3503],{"class":76},[62,10517,267],{"class":95},[62,10519,3498],{"class":76},[62,10521,718],{"class":80},[62,10523,3503],{"class":76},[62,10525,103],{"class":95},[62,10527,3498],{"class":76},[62,10529,1073],{"class":80},[62,10531,3503],{"class":76},[62,10533,267],{"class":95},[62,10535,9479],{"class":99},[62,10537,287],{"class":95},[14,10539,10540],{},"In this form:",[29,10542,10543,10551],{},[32,10544,10545,10547,10548],{},[18,10546,329],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10549,10550],{},"'name'",[32,10552,10553,10547,10555],{},[18,10554,1073],{},[18,10556,10557],{},"'age'",[14,10559,10560],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10562,10563],{},"Valid examples:",[53,10565,10567],{"className":55,"code":10566,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10568,10569,10607],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10570,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10582,10584,10586,10589,10591,10593,10596,10598,10600,10603,10605],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10572,251],{"class":68},[62,10574,73],{"class":72},[62,10576,1752],{"class":430},[62,10578,131],{"class":95},[62,10580,10581],{"class":9351},"city",[62,10583,73],{"class":72},[62,10585,3503],{"class":76},[62,10587,10588],{"class":80},"Paris",[62,10590,3503],{"class":76},[62,10592,103],{"class":95},[62,10594,10595],{"class":9351}," country",[62,10597,73],{"class":72},[62,10599,3503],{"class":76},[62,10601,10602],{"class":80},"France",[62,10604,3503],{"class":76},[62,10606,434],{"class":95},[62,10608,10609,10611,10613,10615],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10610,128],{"class":127},[62,10612,131],{"class":95},[62,10614,367],{"class":139},[62,10616,434],{"class":95},[14,10618,10619],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[29,10621,10622,10624,10627],{},[32,10623,585],{},[32,10625,10626],{},"hyphens",[32,10628,10629],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10631,10632,10633,10636],{},"For example, this is ",[3946,10634,10635],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[53,10638,10640],{"className":55,"code":10639,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,10641,10642],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10643,10644],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10645,10639],{"class":146},[14,10647,10648],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[53,10650,10652],{"className":55,"code":10651,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10653,10654,10696],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10655,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10657,251],{"class":68},[62,10659,73],{"class":72},[62,10661,256],{"class":95},[62,10663,3503],{"class":76},[62,10665,10666],{"class":80},"first-name",[62,10668,3503],{"class":76},[62,10670,267],{"class":95},[62,10672,3498],{"class":76},[62,10674,218],{"class":80},[62,10676,3503],{"class":76},[62,10678,103],{"class":95},[62,10680,3498],{"class":76},[62,10682,10683],{"class":80},"first name",[62,10685,3503],{"class":76},[62,10687,267],{"class":95},[62,10689,3498],{"class":76},[62,10691,218],{"class":80},[62,10693,3503],{"class":76},[62,10695,287],{"class":95},[62,10697,10698,10700,10702,10704],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10699,128],{"class":127},[62,10701,131],{"class":95},[62,10703,367],{"class":139},[62,10705,434],{"class":95},[14,10707,10708],{},[3946,10709,2282],{},[53,10711,10713],{"className":55,"code":10712,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10714,10715],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10716,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10718,9452],{"class":95},[62,10720,3503],{"class":76},[62,10722,10666],{"class":80},[62,10724,3503],{"class":76},[62,10726,267],{"class":95},[62,10728,3498],{"class":76},[62,10730,218],{"class":80},[62,10732,3503],{"class":76},[62,10734,103],{"class":95},[62,10736,3498],{"class":76},[62,10738,10683],{"class":80},[62,10740,3503],{"class":76},[62,10742,267],{"class":95},[62,10744,3498],{"class":76},[62,10746,218],{"class":80},[62,10748,3503],{"class":76},[62,10750,287],{"class":95},[48,10752,10754,10756,10757],{"id":10753},"dict-vs",[18,10755,9300],{}," vs ",[18,10758,3995],{},[14,10760,10761,10762,1940,10764,10766],{},"Both ",[18,10763,9300],{},[18,10765,3995],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1256,10768,169,10770,10772],{"id":10769},"use-when",[18,10771,3995],{}," when:",[29,10774,10775,10778],{},[32,10776,10777],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[32,10779,10780],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[53,10782,10783],{"className":55,"code":10000,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,10784,10785],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10786,10787,10789,10791],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10788,251],{"class":68},[62,10790,73],{"class":72},[62,10792,1206],{"class":95},[1256,10794,169,10796,10772],{"id":10795},"use-dict-when",[18,10797,9300],{},[29,10799,10800,10803,10806],{},[32,10801,10802],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,10804,10805],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[32,10807,10808],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[53,10810,10812],{"className":55,"code":10811,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10813,10814,10851],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10815,10816,10818,10820,10822,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10817,251],{"class":68},[62,10819,73],{"class":72},[62,10821,1752],{"class":430},[62,10823,9830],{"class":95},[62,10825,3503],{"class":76},[62,10827,262],{"class":80},[62,10829,3503],{"class":76},[62,10831,103],{"class":95},[62,10833,270],{"class":99},[62,10835,9408],{"class":95},[62,10837,854],{"class":95},[62,10839,3503],{"class":76},[62,10841,277],{"class":80},[62,10843,3503],{"class":76},[62,10845,103],{"class":95},[62,10847,284],{"class":99},[62,10849,10850],{"class":95},")])\n",[62,10852,10853,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10854,10855],{"class":68},"info ",[62,10857,73],{"class":72},[62,10859,1752],{"class":430},[62,10861,131],{"class":95},[62,10863,329],{"class":9351},[62,10865,73],{"class":72},[62,10867,3503],{"class":76},[62,10869,718],{"class":80},[62,10871,3503],{"class":76},[62,10873,103],{"class":95},[62,10875,9364],{"class":9351},[62,10877,73],{"class":72},[62,10879,9369],{"class":99},[62,10881,434],{"class":95},[14,10883,10884],{},"So:",[29,10886,10887,10892],{},[32,10888,10889,10891],{},[18,10890,3995],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[32,10893,10894,10896],{},[18,10895,9300],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10898,10899,10900,10904,10905,409],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[262,10901,10903],{"href":10902},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[262,10906,10908,10909,10912],{"href":10907},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,10910,10911],{},"get()"," method",[48,10914,10916],{"id":10915},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10918,10919,10920,409],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,10921,9300],{},[1256,10923,10925],{"id":10924},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10927,4725],{},[53,10929,10931],{"className":55,"code":10930,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,10932,10933,10957],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10934,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10936,90],{"class":68},[62,10938,73],{"class":72},[62,10940,96],{"class":95},[62,10942,3503],{"class":76},[62,10944,262],{"class":80},[62,10946,3503],{"class":76},[62,10948,103],{"class":95},[62,10950,3498],{"class":76},[62,10952,277],{"class":80},[62,10954,3503],{"class":76},[62,10956,114],{"class":95},[62,10958,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967,10969],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,10960,251],{"class":68},[62,10962,73],{"class":72},[62,10964,1752],{"class":430},[62,10966,131],{"class":95},[62,10968,161],{"class":139},[62,10970,434],{"class":95},[14,10972,10973,10974,409],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,10975,10976],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10978,10979],{},"Correct version:",[53,10981,10983],{"className":55,"code":10982,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10984,10985,11019,11033],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,10986,10987,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,10988,90],{"class":68},[62,10990,73],{"class":72},[62,10992,9395],{"class":95},[62,10994,3503],{"class":76},[62,10996,262],{"class":80},[62,10998,3503],{"class":76},[62,11000,103],{"class":95},[62,11002,270],{"class":99},[62,11004,9408],{"class":95},[62,11006,854],{"class":95},[62,11008,3503],{"class":76},[62,11010,277],{"class":80},[62,11012,3503],{"class":76},[62,11014,103],{"class":95},[62,11016,284],{"class":99},[62,11018,9423],{"class":95},[62,11020,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11022,251],{"class":68},[62,11024,73],{"class":72},[62,11026,1752],{"class":430},[62,11028,131],{"class":95},[62,11030,161],{"class":139},[62,11032,434],{"class":95},[62,11034,11035,11037,11039,11041],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,11036,128],{"class":127},[62,11038,131],{"class":95},[62,11040,367],{"class":139},[62,11042,434],{"class":95},[1256,11044,11046],{"id":11045},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11048,11049],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[53,11051,11053],{"className":55,"code":11052,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,11054,11055],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11056,11057],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11058,11052],{"class":146},[14,11060,11061,11062,267],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,11063,73],{},[53,11065,11067],{"className":55,"code":11066,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,11068,11069,11091],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11070,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085,11087,11089],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11072,251],{"class":68},[62,11074,73],{"class":72},[62,11076,1752],{"class":430},[62,11078,131],{"class":95},[62,11080,329],{"class":9351},[62,11082,73],{"class":72},[62,11084,3503],{"class":76},[62,11086,718],{"class":80},[62,11088,3503],{"class":76},[62,11090,434],{"class":95},[62,11092,11093,11095,11097,11099],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11094,128],{"class":127},[62,11096,131],{"class":95},[62,11098,367],{"class":139},[62,11100,434],{"class":95},[1256,11102,11104],{"id":11103},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11106,11107],{},"This will not work:",[53,11109,11110],{"className":55,"code":10639,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,11111,11112],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11113,11114],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11115,10639],{"class":146},[14,11117,11118],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[53,11120,11122],{"className":55,"code":11121,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,11123,11124,11148],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11125,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11127,251],{"class":68},[62,11129,73],{"class":72},[62,11131,256],{"class":95},[62,11133,3503],{"class":76},[62,11135,10666],{"class":80},[62,11137,3503],{"class":76},[62,11139,267],{"class":95},[62,11141,3498],{"class":76},[62,11143,218],{"class":80},[62,11145,3503],{"class":76},[62,11147,287],{"class":95},[62,11149,11150,11152,11154,11156],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11151,128],{"class":127},[62,11153,131],{"class":95},[62,11155,367],{"class":139},[62,11157,434],{"class":95},[1256,11159,11161],{"id":11160},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11163,11164],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[53,11166,11168],{"className":55,"code":11167,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,11169,11170,11206],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11171,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200,11202,11204],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11173,251],{"class":68},[62,11175,73],{"class":72},[62,11177,1752],{"class":430},[62,11179,9830],{"class":95},[62,11181,3503],{"class":76},[62,11183,552],{"class":80},[62,11185,3503],{"class":76},[62,11187,103],{"class":95},[62,11189,270],{"class":99},[62,11191,9408],{"class":95},[62,11193,854],{"class":95},[62,11195,3503],{"class":76},[62,11197,552],{"class":80},[62,11199,3503],{"class":76},[62,11201,103],{"class":95},[62,11203,284],{"class":99},[62,11205,10850],{"class":95},[62,11207,11208,11210,11212,11214],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11209,128],{"class":127},[62,11211,131],{"class":95},[62,11213,367],{"class":139},[62,11215,434],{"class":95},[14,11217,11218],{},[3946,11219,2282],{},[53,11221,11223],{"className":55,"code":11222,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,11224,11225],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11226,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11228,9452],{"class":95},[62,11230,3503],{"class":76},[62,11232,552],{"class":80},[62,11234,3503],{"class":76},[62,11236,267],{"class":95},[62,11238,284],{"class":99},[62,11240,287],{"class":95},[14,11242,11243,11244,409],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[262,11245,11247],{"href":11246},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[48,11249,1824],{"id":1823},[14,11251,11252,11253,11255],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,11254,9300],{}," include:",[29,11257,11258,11268,11274,11277],{},[32,11259,11260,11261,11264,11265],{},"passing a list like ",[18,11262,11263],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,11266,11267],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[32,11269,11270,11271],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,11272,11273],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[32,11275,11276],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[32,11278,11279,11280,11282],{},"confusing ",[18,11281,9300],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11284,11285],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[53,11287,11289],{"className":55,"code":11288,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,11290,11291,11305,11315,11326],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11292,11293,11295,11297,11299,11301,11303],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11294,128],{"class":127},[62,11296,131],{"class":95},[62,11298,1690],{"class":430},[62,11300,131],{"class":95},[62,11302,367],{"class":139},[62,11304,1013],{"class":95},[62,11306,11307,11309,11311,11313],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11308,128],{"class":127},[62,11310,131],{"class":95},[62,11312,367],{"class":139},[62,11314,434],{"class":95},[62,11316,11317,11319,11321,11324],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,11318,128],{"class":127},[62,11320,131],{"class":95},[62,11322,11323],{"class":139},"list_of_pairs",[62,11325,434],{"class":95},[62,11327,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,11329,128],{"class":127},[62,11331,131],{"class":95},[62,11333,134],{"class":127},[62,11335,131],{"class":95},[62,11337,11323],{"class":139},[62,11339,1013],{"class":95},[14,11341,11342],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[29,11344,11345,11348,11351],{},[32,11346,11347],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[32,11349,11350],{},"what data is being passed in",[32,11352,11353],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[48,11355,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,11357,5378,11359,1940,11361,632],{"id":11358},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,11360,9300],{},[18,11362,3995],{},[14,11364,11365,11367,11368,11370],{},[18,11366,3995],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,11369,9300],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1256,11372,5368,11374,11376],{"id":11373},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,11375,9300],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11378,11379,11380,409],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,11381,11267],{},[1256,11383,5356,11385,11388],{"id":11384},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,11386,11387],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11390,11391],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1256,11393,11395,11396,11398],{"id":11394},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,11397,9300],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11400,11401,11402,11405],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,11403,11404],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[48,11407,2109],{"id":2108},[29,11409,11410,11415,11419,11424,11430],{},[32,11411,11412],{},[262,11413,11414],{"href":9563},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[32,11416,11417],{},[262,11418,408],{"href":407},[32,11420,11421],{},[262,11422,11423],{"href":10902},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[32,11425,11426],{},[262,11427,10908,11428,10912],{"href":10907},[18,11429,10911],{},[32,11431,11432],{},[262,11433,11434],{"href":11246},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2145,11436,11437],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":11439},[11440,11442,11448,11449,11450,11451,11458,11464,11465,11475],{"id":9517,"depth":87,"text":11441},"What dict() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":11443},[11444,11445,11446,11447],{"id":9574,"depth":117,"text":9575},{"id":9616,"depth":117,"text":9617},{"id":9720,"depth":117,"text":9721},{"id":9810,"depth":117,"text":9811},{"id":9923,"depth":87,"text":9575},{"id":10026,"depth":87,"text":10027},{"id":10449,"depth":87,"text":10450},{"id":10753,"depth":87,"text":11452,"children":11453},"dict() vs {}",[11454,11456],{"id":10769,"depth":117,"text":11455},"Use {} when:",{"id":10795,"depth":117,"text":11457},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10915,"depth":87,"text":10916,"children":11459},[11460,11461,11462,11463],{"id":10924,"depth":117,"text":10925},{"id":11045,"depth":117,"text":11046},{"id":11103,"depth":117,"text":11104},{"id":11160,"depth":117,"text":11161},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":11466},[11467,11469,11471,11473],{"id":11358,"depth":117,"text":11468},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11373,"depth":117,"text":11470},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11384,"depth":117,"text":11472},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11394,"depth":117,"text":11474},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9292,"description":11476},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11483,"title":11484,"body":11485,"description":12993,"extension":2174,"meta":12994,"navigation":120,"path":12995,"seo":12996,"stem":12997,"__hash__":12998},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11486,"toc":12962},[11487,11495,11501,11508,11510,11571,11576,11581,11586,11604,11607,11611,11613,11629,11632,11645,11649,11652,11783,11785,11852,11855,11871,11877,11883,11886,11968,11970,11984,11988,11994,12059,12061,12069,12072,12095,12101,12164,12170,12173,12187,12200,12204,12215,12220,12231,12238,12242,12248,12369,12371,12397,12400,12417,12420,12531,12533,12582,12584,12597,12606,12611,12616,12627,12629,12732,12755,12757,12761,12780,12783,12841,12844,12870,12872,12879,12882,12888,12892,12899,12907,12913,12916,12918,12959],[10,11488,11490,11491,11494],{"id":11489},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11492,11493],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11496,11497,11500],{},[18,11498,11499],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11502,11503,11504,11507],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3946,11505,11506],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[48,11509,51],{"id":50},[53,11511,11513],{"className":55,"code":11512,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11514,11515,11547,11558],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11516,11517,11519,11521,11523,11525,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11518,251],{"class":68},[62,11520,73],{"class":72},[62,11522,256],{"class":95},[62,11524,259],{"class":76},[62,11526,262],{"class":80},[62,11528,259],{"class":76},[62,11530,267],{"class":95},[62,11532,270],{"class":99},[62,11534,103],{"class":95},[62,11536,77],{"class":76},[62,11538,277],{"class":80},[62,11540,259],{"class":76},[62,11542,267],{"class":95},[62,11544,284],{"class":99},[62,11546,287],{"class":95},[62,11548,11549,11551,11553,11556],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11550,367],{"class":68},[62,11552,409],{"class":95},[62,11554,11555],{"class":139},"clear",[62,11557,8822],{"class":95},[62,11559,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,11561,128],{"class":127},[62,11563,131],{"class":95},[62,11565,367],{"class":139},[62,11567,741],{"class":95},[62,11569,11570],{"class":146},"  # {}\n",[14,11572,11573,11575],{},[18,11574,11493],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[48,11577,3879,11579,3882],{"id":11578},"what-clear-does",[18,11580,11493],{},[14,11582,2191,11583,11585],{},[18,11584,11493],{}," method:",[29,11587,11588,11591,11594,11599],{},[32,11589,11590],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[32,11592,11593],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[32,11595,11596,11597],{},"Returns ",[18,11598,1548],{},[32,11600,11601,11602],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,11603,3995],{},[14,11605,11606],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11608,9331,11609,409],{},[262,11610,408],{"href":407},[48,11612,413],{"id":412},[53,11614,11616],{"className":55,"code":11615,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,11617,11618],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11619,11620,11623,11625,11627],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11621,11622],{"class":68},"my_dict",[62,11624,409],{"class":95},[62,11626,11555],{"class":139},[62,11628,8822],{"class":95},[14,11630,11631],{},"Important points:",[29,11633,11634,11639,11642],{},[32,11635,11636,11638],{},[18,11637,11493],{}," takes no arguments",[32,11640,11641],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[32,11643,11644],{},"It empties that dictionary",[48,11646,11648],{"id":11647},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11650,11651],{},"Here is a basic example:",[53,11653,11655],{"className":55,"code":11654,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,11656,11657,11666,11685,11699,11716,11720,11724,11744,11748,11759,11763],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11658,11659,11662,11664],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11660,11661],{"class":68},"user ",[62,11663,73],{"class":72},[62,11665,1045],{"class":95},[62,11667,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11681,11683],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11669,1050],{"class":76},[62,11671,329],{"class":80},[62,11673,259],{"class":76},[62,11675,267],{"class":95},[62,11677,77],{"class":76},[62,11679,11680],{"class":80},"Maya",[62,11682,259],{"class":76},[62,11684,1066],{"class":95},[62,11686,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695,11697],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,11688,1050],{"class":76},[62,11690,1073],{"class":80},[62,11692,259],{"class":76},[62,11694,267],{"class":95},[62,11696,9479],{"class":99},[62,11698,1066],{"class":95},[62,11700,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11714],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,11702,1050],{"class":76},[62,11704,10581],{"class":80},[62,11706,259],{"class":76},[62,11708,267],{"class":95},[62,11710,77],{"class":76},[62,11712,11713],{"class":80},"Berlin",[62,11715,84],{"class":76},[62,11717,11718],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,11719,287],{"class":95},[62,11721,11722],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,11723,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,11725,11726,11728,11730,11732,11735,11737,11739,11742],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,11727,128],{"class":127},[62,11729,131],{"class":95},[62,11731,259],{"class":76},[62,11733,11734],{"class":80},"Before:",[62,11736,259],{"class":76},[62,11738,103],{"class":95},[62,11740,11741],{"class":139}," user",[62,11743,434],{"class":95},[62,11745,11746],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,11747,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,11749,11750,11753,11755,11757],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,11751,11752],{"class":68},"user",[62,11754,409],{"class":95},[62,11756,11555],{"class":139},[62,11758,8822],{"class":95},[62,11760,11761],{"class":64,"line":6627},[62,11762,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11775,11777,11779,11781],{"class":64,"line":11765},11,[62,11767,128],{"class":127},[62,11769,131],{"class":95},[62,11771,259],{"class":76},[62,11773,11774],{"class":80},"After:",[62,11776,259],{"class":76},[62,11778,103],{"class":95},[62,11780,11741],{"class":139},[62,11782,434],{"class":95},[14,11784,5755],{},[53,11786,11788],{"className":55,"code":11787,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11789,11790,11843],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11791,11792,11795,11797,11799,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11793,11794],{"class":68},"Before",[62,11796,267],{"class":95},[62,11798,256],{"class":95},[62,11800,3503],{"class":76},[62,11802,329],{"class":80},[62,11804,3503],{"class":76},[62,11806,267],{"class":95},[62,11808,3498],{"class":76},[62,11810,11680],{"class":80},[62,11812,3503],{"class":76},[62,11814,103],{"class":95},[62,11816,3498],{"class":76},[62,11818,1073],{"class":80},[62,11820,3503],{"class":76},[62,11822,267],{"class":95},[62,11824,9479],{"class":99},[62,11826,103],{"class":95},[62,11828,3498],{"class":76},[62,11830,10581],{"class":80},[62,11832,3503],{"class":76},[62,11834,267],{"class":95},[62,11836,3498],{"class":76},[62,11838,11713],{"class":80},[62,11840,3503],{"class":76},[62,11842,287],{"class":95},[62,11844,11845,11848,11850],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11846,11847],{"class":68},"After",[62,11849,267],{"class":95},[62,11851,1206],{"class":95},[14,11853,11854],{},"What happens here:",[29,11856,11857,11862,11868],{},[32,11858,11859,11861],{},[18,11860,11752],{}," starts with three items",[32,11863,11864,11867],{},[18,11865,11866],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[32,11869,11870],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[48,11872,3879,11874,11876],{"id":11873},"what-clear-returns",[18,11875,11493],{}," returns",[14,11878,11879,2602,11881,409],{},[18,11880,11493],{},[18,11882,1548],{},[14,11884,11885],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[53,11887,11889],{"className":55,"code":11888,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11890,11891,11925,11929,11944,11948,11958],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11892,11893,11896,11898,11900,11902,11904,11906,11908,11910,11912,11914,11917,11919,11921,11923],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11894,11895],{"class":68},"my_dict ",[62,11897,73],{"class":72},[62,11899,256],{"class":95},[62,11901,259],{"class":76},[62,11903,552],{"class":80},[62,11905,259],{"class":76},[62,11907,267],{"class":95},[62,11909,270],{"class":99},[62,11911,103],{"class":95},[62,11913,77],{"class":76},[62,11915,11916],{"class":80},"y",[62,11918,259],{"class":76},[62,11920,267],{"class":95},[62,11922,284],{"class":99},[62,11924,287],{"class":95},[62,11926,11927],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11928,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,11930,11931,11933,11935,11938,11940,11942],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,11932,2435],{"class":68},[62,11934,73],{"class":72},[62,11936,11937],{"class":68}," my_dict",[62,11939,409],{"class":95},[62,11941,11555],{"class":139},[62,11943,8822],{"class":95},[62,11945,11946],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,11947,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,11949,11950,11952,11954,11956],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,11951,128],{"class":127},[62,11953,131],{"class":95},[62,11955,2470],{"class":139},[62,11957,434],{"class":95},[62,11959,11960,11962,11964,11966],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,11961,128],{"class":127},[62,11963,131],{"class":95},[62,11965,11622],{"class":139},[62,11967,434],{"class":95},[14,11969,2282],{},[53,11971,11973],{"className":55,"code":11972,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"None\n{}\n",[18,11974,11975,11980],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,11976,11977],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,11978,11979],{"class":1618},"None\n",[62,11981,11982],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,11983,9607],{"class":95},[1256,11985,11987],{"id":11986},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11989,11990,11991,11993],{},"Do ",[3946,11992,4830],{}," do this:",[53,11995,11997],{"className":55,"code":11996,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11998,11999,12031,12045,12049],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12000,12001,12003,12005,12007,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021,12023,12025,12027,12029],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12002,11895],{"class":68},[62,12004,73],{"class":72},[62,12006,256],{"class":95},[62,12008,259],{"class":76},[62,12010,552],{"class":80},[62,12012,259],{"class":76},[62,12014,267],{"class":95},[62,12016,270],{"class":99},[62,12018,103],{"class":95},[62,12020,77],{"class":76},[62,12022,11916],{"class":80},[62,12024,259],{"class":76},[62,12026,267],{"class":95},[62,12028,284],{"class":99},[62,12030,287],{"class":95},[62,12032,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041,12043],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,12034,11895],{"class":68},[62,12036,73],{"class":72},[62,12038,11937],{"class":68},[62,12040,409],{"class":95},[62,12042,11555],{"class":139},[62,12044,8822],{"class":95},[62,12046,12047],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,12048,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,12050,12051,12053,12055,12057],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,12052,128],{"class":127},[62,12054,131],{"class":95},[62,12056,11622],{"class":139},[62,12058,434],{"class":95},[14,12060,2282],{},[53,12062,12063],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,12064,12065],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12066,12067],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12068,11979],{"class":1618},[14,12070,12071],{},"Why this happens:",[29,12073,12074,12080,12085],{},[32,12075,12076,12079],{},[18,12077,12078],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[32,12081,12082,12083],{},"The method returns ",[18,12084,1548],{},[32,12086,12087,12088,12091,12092,12094],{},"Then ",[18,12089,12090],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,12093,1548],{}," in the variable",[14,12096,12097,12098,12100],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,12099,11493],{}," by itself:",[53,12102,12104],{"className":55,"code":12103,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,12105,12106,12138,12148,12152],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12107,12108,12110,12112,12114,12116,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126,12128,12130,12132,12134,12136],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12109,11895],{"class":68},[62,12111,73],{"class":72},[62,12113,256],{"class":95},[62,12115,259],{"class":76},[62,12117,552],{"class":80},[62,12119,259],{"class":76},[62,12121,267],{"class":95},[62,12123,270],{"class":99},[62,12125,103],{"class":95},[62,12127,77],{"class":76},[62,12129,11916],{"class":80},[62,12131,259],{"class":76},[62,12133,267],{"class":95},[62,12135,284],{"class":99},[62,12137,287],{"class":95},[62,12139,12140,12142,12144,12146],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,12141,11622],{"class":68},[62,12143,409],{"class":95},[62,12145,11555],{"class":139},[62,12147,8822],{"class":95},[62,12149,12150],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,12151,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,12153,12154,12156,12158,12160,12162],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,12155,128],{"class":127},[62,12157,131],{"class":95},[62,12159,11622],{"class":139},[62,12161,741],{"class":95},[62,12163,11570],{"class":146},[48,12165,12167,12169],{"id":12166},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,12168,11493],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12171,12172],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[53,12174,12175],{"className":55,"code":11615,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,12176,12177],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12178,12179,12181,12183,12185],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12180,11622],{"class":68},[62,12182,409],{"class":95},[62,12184,11555],{"class":139},[62,12186,8822],{"class":95},[53,12188,12190],{"className":55,"code":12189,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,12191,12192],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12193,12194,12196,12198],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12195,11895],{"class":68},[62,12197,73],{"class":72},[62,12199,1206],{"class":95},[1256,12201,12202],{"id":11555},[18,12203,11493],{},[29,12205,12206,12209,12212],{},[32,12207,12208],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[32,12210,12211],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[32,12213,12214],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1256,12216,12217],{"id":11622},[18,12218,12219],{},"my_dict = {}",[29,12221,12222,12225,12228],{},[32,12223,12224],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[32,12226,12227],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[32,12229,12230],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12232,12233,12234,409],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[262,12235,12237],{"href":12236},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[48,12239,12241],{"id":12240},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12243,12244,12245,12247],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,12246,11493],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[53,12249,12251],{"className":55,"code":12250,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12252,12253,12286,12296,12300,12311,12315,12335,12355],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12254,12255,12258,12260,12262,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12256,12257],{"class":68},"original ",[62,12259,73],{"class":72},[62,12261,256],{"class":95},[62,12263,259],{"class":76},[62,12265,262],{"class":80},[62,12267,259],{"class":76},[62,12269,267],{"class":95},[62,12271,270],{"class":99},[62,12273,103],{"class":95},[62,12275,77],{"class":76},[62,12277,277],{"class":80},[62,12279,259],{"class":76},[62,12281,267],{"class":95},[62,12283,284],{"class":99},[62,12285,287],{"class":95},[62,12287,12288,12291,12293],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,12289,12290],{"class":68},"other_ref ",[62,12292,73],{"class":72},[62,12294,12295],{"class":68}," original\n",[62,12297,12298],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,12299,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,12301,12302,12305,12307,12309],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,12303,12304],{"class":68},"original",[62,12306,409],{"class":95},[62,12308,11555],{"class":139},[62,12310,8822],{"class":95},[62,12312,12313],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,12314,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,12316,12317,12319,12321,12323,12326,12328,12330,12333],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,12318,128],{"class":127},[62,12320,131],{"class":95},[62,12322,259],{"class":76},[62,12324,12325],{"class":80},"original:",[62,12327,259],{"class":76},[62,12329,103],{"class":95},[62,12331,12332],{"class":139}," original",[62,12334,434],{"class":95},[62,12336,12337,12339,12341,12343,12346,12348,12350,12353],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,12338,128],{"class":127},[62,12340,131],{"class":95},[62,12342,259],{"class":76},[62,12344,12345],{"class":80},"other_ref:",[62,12347,259],{"class":76},[62,12349,103],{"class":95},[62,12351,12352],{"class":139}," other_ref",[62,12354,434],{"class":95},[62,12356,12357,12359,12361,12363,12365,12367],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,12358,128],{"class":127},[62,12360,131],{"class":95},[62,12362,12257],{"class":139},[62,12364,1791],{"class":729},[62,12366,12352],{"class":139},[62,12368,434],{"class":95},[14,12370,2282],{},[53,12372,12374],{"className":55,"code":12373,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,12375,12376,12384,12393],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12377,12378,12380,12382],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12379,12304],{"class":68},[62,12381,267],{"class":95},[62,12383,1206],{"class":95},[62,12385,12386,12389,12391],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,12387,12388],{"class":68},"other_ref",[62,12390,267],{"class":95},[62,12392,1206],{"class":95},[62,12394,12395],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,12396,4179],{"class":1618},[14,12398,12399],{},"This shows:",[29,12401,12402,12409,12414],{},[32,12403,12404,1940,12406,12408],{},[18,12405,12304],{},[18,12407,12388],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[32,12410,12411,12413],{},[18,12412,11493],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[32,12415,12416],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12418,12419],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[53,12421,12423],{"className":55,"code":12422,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12424,12425,12457,12465,12469,12477,12481,12499,12517],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12426,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449,12451,12453,12455],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12428,12257],{"class":68},[62,12430,73],{"class":72},[62,12432,256],{"class":95},[62,12434,259],{"class":76},[62,12436,262],{"class":80},[62,12438,259],{"class":76},[62,12440,267],{"class":95},[62,12442,270],{"class":99},[62,12444,103],{"class":95},[62,12446,77],{"class":76},[62,12448,277],{"class":80},[62,12450,259],{"class":76},[62,12452,267],{"class":95},[62,12454,284],{"class":99},[62,12456,287],{"class":95},[62,12458,12459,12461,12463],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,12460,12290],{"class":68},[62,12462,73],{"class":72},[62,12464,12295],{"class":68},[62,12466,12467],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,12468,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,12470,12471,12473,12475],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,12472,12257],{"class":68},[62,12474,73],{"class":72},[62,12476,1206],{"class":95},[62,12478,12479],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,12480,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,12482,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495,12497],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,12484,128],{"class":127},[62,12486,131],{"class":95},[62,12488,259],{"class":76},[62,12490,12325],{"class":80},[62,12492,259],{"class":76},[62,12494,103],{"class":95},[62,12496,12332],{"class":139},[62,12498,434],{"class":95},[62,12500,12501,12503,12505,12507,12509,12511,12513,12515],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,12502,128],{"class":127},[62,12504,131],{"class":95},[62,12506,259],{"class":76},[62,12508,12345],{"class":80},[62,12510,259],{"class":76},[62,12512,103],{"class":95},[62,12514,12352],{"class":139},[62,12516,434],{"class":95},[62,12518,12519,12521,12523,12525,12527,12529],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,12520,128],{"class":127},[62,12522,131],{"class":95},[62,12524,12257],{"class":139},[62,12526,1791],{"class":729},[62,12528,12352],{"class":139},[62,12530,434],{"class":95},[14,12532,2282],{},[53,12534,12536],{"className":55,"code":12535,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12537,12538,12546,12578],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12539,12540,12542,12544],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12541,12304],{"class":68},[62,12543,267],{"class":95},[62,12545,1206],{"class":95},[62,12547,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558,12560,12562,12564,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,12549,12388],{"class":68},[62,12551,267],{"class":95},[62,12553,256],{"class":95},[62,12555,3503],{"class":76},[62,12557,262],{"class":80},[62,12559,3503],{"class":76},[62,12561,267],{"class":95},[62,12563,270],{"class":99},[62,12565,103],{"class":95},[62,12567,3498],{"class":76},[62,12569,277],{"class":80},[62,12571,3503],{"class":76},[62,12573,267],{"class":95},[62,12575,284],{"class":99},[62,12577,287],{"class":95},[62,12579,12580],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,12581,4240],{"class":1618},[14,12583,2386],{},[29,12585,12586,12592],{},[32,12587,12588,12591],{},[18,12589,12590],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[32,12593,12594,12596],{},[18,12595,12388],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12598,12599,12600,409],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[262,12601,12603],{"href":12602},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,12604,12605],{},"dict.copy()",[48,12607,5160,12609],{"id":12608},"when-to-use-clear",[18,12610,11493],{},[14,12612,12613,12615],{},[18,12614,11493],{}," is useful when you want to:",[29,12617,12618,12621,12624],{},[32,12619,12620],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[32,12622,12623],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[32,12625,12626],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12628,201],{},[53,12630,12632],{"className":55,"code":12631,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,12633,12634,12643,12659,12679,12692,12696,12700,12705,12716,12720],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12635,12636,12639,12641],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12637,12638],{"class":68},"session_data ",[62,12640,73],{"class":72},[62,12642,1045],{"class":95},[62,12644,12645,12647,12650,12652,12654,12657],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,12646,1050],{"class":76},[62,12648,12649],{"class":80},"user_id",[62,12651,259],{"class":76},[62,12653,267],{"class":95},[62,12655,12656],{"class":99}," 101",[62,12658,1066],{"class":95},[62,12660,12661,12663,12666,12668,12670,12672,12675,12677],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,12662,1050],{"class":76},[62,12664,12665],{"class":80},"theme",[62,12667,259],{"class":76},[62,12669,267],{"class":95},[62,12671,77],{"class":76},[62,12673,12674],{"class":80},"dark",[62,12676,259],{"class":76},[62,12678,1066],{"class":95},[62,12680,12681,12683,12686,12688,12690],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,12682,1050],{"class":76},[62,12684,12685],{"class":80},"logged_in",[62,12687,259],{"class":76},[62,12689,267],{"class":95},[62,12691,6615],{"class":1618},[62,12693,12694],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,12695,287],{"class":95},[62,12697,12698],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,12699,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,12701,12702],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,12703,12704],{"class":146},"# Reset for a new session\n",[62,12706,12707,12710,12712,12714],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,12708,12709],{"class":68},"session_data",[62,12711,409],{"class":95},[62,12713,11555],{"class":139},[62,12715,8822],{"class":95},[62,12717,12718],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,12719,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,12721,12722,12724,12726,12728,12730],{"class":64,"line":6627},[62,12723,128],{"class":127},[62,12725,131],{"class":95},[62,12727,12709],{"class":139},[62,12729,741],{"class":95},[62,12731,11570],{"class":146},[14,12733,12734,12735,12741,12742,409,12746,12748,12749,409],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[262,12736,12738],{"href":12737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12739,12740],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[262,12743,12745],{"href":12744},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10018,12747],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[262,12750,12752],{"href":12751},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12753,12754],{},"dict.popitem()",[48,12756,1824],{"id":1823},[14,12758,10919,12759,267],{},[18,12760,11493],{},[29,12762,12763,12769,12774,12777],{},[32,12764,12765,12766,12768],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12767,11493],{}," to a variable",[32,12770,8631,12771,12773],{},[18,12772,11493],{}," to return a new dictionary",[32,12775,12776],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[32,12778,12779],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12781,12782],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[53,12784,12786],{"className":55,"code":12785,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12787,12788,12798,12812,12827],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,12789,12790,12792,12794,12796],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,12791,128],{"class":127},[62,12793,131],{"class":95},[62,12795,11622],{"class":139},[62,12797,434],{"class":95},[62,12799,12800,12802,12804,12806,12808,12810],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,12801,128],{"class":127},[62,12803,131],{"class":95},[62,12805,1690],{"class":430},[62,12807,131],{"class":95},[62,12809,11622],{"class":139},[62,12811,1013],{"class":95},[62,12813,12814,12816,12818,12821,12823,12825],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,12815,128],{"class":127},[62,12817,131],{"class":95},[62,12819,12820],{"class":127},"id",[62,12822,131],{"class":95},[62,12824,11622],{"class":139},[62,12826,1013],{"class":95},[62,12828,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,12830,128],{"class":127},[62,12832,131],{"class":95},[62,12834,12290],{"class":139},[62,12836,1791],{"class":729},[62,12838,11937],{"class":139},[62,12840,434],{"class":95},[14,12842,12843],{},"What these show:",[29,12845,12846,12852,12858,12864],{},[32,12847,12848,12851],{},[18,12849,12850],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[32,12853,12854,12857],{},[18,12855,12856],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[32,12859,12860,12863],{},[18,12861,12862],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[32,12865,12866,12869],{},[18,12867,12868],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[48,12871,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,12873,12875,12876,12878],{"id":12874},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,12877,11493],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12880,12881],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1256,12883,5340,12885,12887],{"id":12884},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,12886,11499],{}," return?",[14,12889,5346,12890,409],{},[18,12891,1548],{},[1256,12893,5378,12895,1940,12897,632],{"id":12894},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,12896,11493],{},[18,12898,3995],{},[14,12900,12901,12903,12904,12906],{},[18,12902,11493],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,12905,3995],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1256,12908,12875,12910,12912],{"id":12909},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,12911,11493],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12914,12915],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[48,12917,2109],{"id":2108},[29,12919,12920,12924,12928,12935,12942,12949,12954],{},[32,12921,12922],{},[262,12923,408],{"href":407},[32,12925,12926],{},[262,12927,11414],{"href":9563},[32,12929,12930],{},[262,12931,10908,12932,10912],{"href":12737},[18,12933,12934],{},"pop()",[32,12936,12937],{},[262,12938,10908,12939,10912],{"href":12751},[18,12940,12941],{},"popitem()",[32,12943,12944],{},[262,12945,10908,12946,10912],{"href":12602},[18,12947,12948],{},"copy()",[32,12950,12951],{},[262,12952,12953],{"href":12236},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[32,12955,12956],{},[262,12957,12958],{"href":12744},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2145,12960,12961],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":12963},[12964,12965,12967,12968,12969,12973,12978,12979,12981,12982,12992],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":11578,"depth":87,"text":12966},"What clear() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":11873,"depth":87,"text":12970,"children":12971},"What clear() returns",[12972],{"id":11986,"depth":117,"text":11987},{"id":12166,"depth":87,"text":12974,"children":12975},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12976,12977],{"id":11555,"depth":117,"text":11493},{"id":11622,"depth":117,"text":12219},{"id":12240,"depth":87,"text":12241},{"id":12608,"depth":87,"text":12980},"When to use clear()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":12983},[12984,12986,12988,12990],{"id":12874,"depth":117,"text":12985},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12884,"depth":117,"text":12987},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12894,"depth":117,"text":12989},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12909,"depth":117,"text":12991},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11484,"description":12993},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13000,"title":13001,"body":13002,"description":15164,"extension":2174,"meta":15165,"navigation":120,"path":15166,"seo":15167,"stem":15168,"__hash__":15169},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13003,"toc":15136},[13004,13009,13014,13024,13026,13113,13117,13158,13163,13170,13188,13197,13199,13220,13223,13235,13237,13313,13317,13358,13360,13363,13490,13494,13574,13577,13595,13598,13602,13608,13610,13621,13623,13817,13821,13927,13930,13948,13951,13958,13963,13967,13981,13983,14110,14114,14194,14207,14213,14216,14224,14228,14354,14358,14432,14437,14568,14572,14646,14649,14663,14667,14671,14685,14687,14823,14827,14896,14898,14903,14925,14928,15035,15038,15049,15056,15058,15064,15067,15074,15077,15084,15092,15096,15099,15101,15133],[10,13005,11490,13007,11494],{"id":13006},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,13008,12948],{},[14,13010,13011,13013],{},[18,13012,12605],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13015,13016,13017,13019,13020,13023],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,13018,12948],{}," makes a ",[3946,13021,13022],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[48,13025,51],{"id":50},[53,13027,13029],{"className":55,"code":13028,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,13030,13031,13067,13084,13088,13099],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13032,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063,13065],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13034,1040],{"class":68},[62,13036,73],{"class":72},[62,13038,256],{"class":95},[62,13040,259],{"class":76},[62,13042,329],{"class":80},[62,13044,259],{"class":76},[62,13046,267],{"class":95},[62,13048,77],{"class":76},[62,13050,1896],{"class":80},[62,13052,259],{"class":76},[62,13054,103],{"class":95},[62,13056,77],{"class":76},[62,13058,1073],{"class":80},[62,13060,259],{"class":76},[62,13062,267],{"class":95},[62,13064,106],{"class":99},[62,13066,287],{"class":95},[62,13068,13069,13072,13074,13077,13079,13082],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,13070,13071],{"class":68},"student_copy ",[62,13073,73],{"class":72},[62,13075,13076],{"class":68}," student",[62,13078,409],{"class":95},[62,13080,13081],{"class":139},"copy",[62,13083,8822],{"class":95},[62,13085,13086],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,13087,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,13089,13090,13092,13094,13097],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,13091,128],{"class":127},[62,13093,131],{"class":95},[62,13095,13096],{"class":139},"student_copy",[62,13098,434],{"class":95},[62,13100,13101,13103,13105,13107,13109,13111],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,13102,128],{"class":127},[62,13104,131],{"class":95},[62,13106,13071],{"class":139},[62,13108,1791],{"class":729},[62,13110,13076],{"class":139},[62,13112,434],{"class":95},[14,13114,13115],{},[3946,13116,2282],{},[53,13118,13120],{"className":55,"code":13119,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,13121,13122,13154],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13123,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13125,9452],{"class":95},[62,13127,3503],{"class":76},[62,13129,329],{"class":80},[62,13131,3503],{"class":76},[62,13133,267],{"class":95},[62,13135,3498],{"class":76},[62,13137,1896],{"class":80},[62,13139,3503],{"class":76},[62,13141,103],{"class":95},[62,13143,3498],{"class":76},[62,13145,1073],{"class":80},[62,13147,3503],{"class":76},[62,13149,267],{"class":95},[62,13151,106],{"class":99},[62,13153,287],{"class":95},[62,13155,13156],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,13157,4240],{"class":1618},[14,13159,169,13160,13162],{},[18,13161,12948],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[48,13164,13166,13167,13169],{"id":13165},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,13168,12948],{}," method does",[29,13171,13172,13177,13180,13185],{},[32,13173,13174,13176],{},[18,13175,12605],{}," returns a new dictionary",[32,13178,13179],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[32,13181,13182,13183],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,13184,12948],{},[32,13186,13187],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13189,13190,13191,2022,13194,409],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[262,13192,408],{"href":13193},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[262,13195,9564],{"href":13196},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[48,13198,413],{"id":412},[53,13200,13202],{"className":55,"code":13201,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,13203,13204],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13205,13206,13209,13211,13214,13216,13218],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13207,13208],{"class":68},"new_dict ",[62,13210,73],{"class":72},[62,13212,13213],{"class":68}," old_dict",[62,13215,409],{"class":95},[62,13217,13081],{"class":139},[62,13219,8822],{"class":95},[14,13221,13222],{},"Key points:",[29,13224,13225,13229,13232],{},[32,13226,13227,11638],{},[18,13228,12948],{},[32,13230,13231],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[32,13233,13234],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13236,201],{},[53,13238,13240],{"className":55,"code":13239,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,13241,13242,13282,13298,13302],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13243,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13245,788],{"class":68},[62,13247,73],{"class":72},[62,13249,256],{"class":95},[62,13251,259],{"class":76},[62,13253,262],{"class":80},[62,13255,259],{"class":76},[62,13257,267],{"class":95},[62,13259,77],{"class":76},[62,13261,797],{"class":80},[62,13263,259],{"class":76},[62,13265,103],{"class":95},[62,13267,77],{"class":76},[62,13269,277],{"class":80},[62,13271,259],{"class":76},[62,13273,267],{"class":95},[62,13275,77],{"class":76},[62,13277,815],{"class":80},[62,13279,259],{"class":76},[62,13281,287],{"class":95},[62,13283,13284,13287,13289,13292,13294,13296],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,13285,13286],{"class":68},"new_colors ",[62,13288,73],{"class":72},[62,13290,13291],{"class":68}," colors",[62,13293,409],{"class":95},[62,13295,13081],{"class":139},[62,13297,8822],{"class":95},[62,13299,13300],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,13301,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,13303,13304,13306,13308,13311],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,13305,128],{"class":127},[62,13307,131],{"class":95},[62,13309,13310],{"class":139},"new_colors",[62,13312,434],{"class":95},[14,13314,13315],{},[3946,13316,2282],{},[53,13318,13320],{"className":55,"code":13319,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,13321,13322],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13323,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13325,9452],{"class":95},[62,13327,3503],{"class":76},[62,13329,262],{"class":80},[62,13331,3503],{"class":76},[62,13333,267],{"class":95},[62,13335,3498],{"class":76},[62,13337,797],{"class":80},[62,13339,3503],{"class":76},[62,13341,103],{"class":95},[62,13343,3498],{"class":76},[62,13345,277],{"class":80},[62,13347,3503],{"class":76},[62,13349,267],{"class":95},[62,13351,3498],{"class":76},[62,13353,815],{"class":80},[62,13355,3503],{"class":76},[62,13357,287],{"class":95},[48,13359,11648],{"id":11647},[14,13361,13362],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[53,13364,13366],{"className":55,"code":13365,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,13367,13368,13405,13421,13425,13447,13451,13470],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13369,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399,13401,13403],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13371,1879],{"class":68},[62,13373,73],{"class":72},[62,13375,256],{"class":95},[62,13377,259],{"class":76},[62,13379,329],{"class":80},[62,13381,259],{"class":76},[62,13383,267],{"class":95},[62,13385,77],{"class":76},[62,13387,13388],{"class":80},"Liam",[62,13390,259],{"class":76},[62,13392,103],{"class":95},[62,13394,77],{"class":76},[62,13396,1073],{"class":80},[62,13398,259],{"class":76},[62,13400,267],{"class":95},[62,13402,9479],{"class":99},[62,13404,287],{"class":95},[62,13406,13407,13410,13412,13415,13417,13419],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,13408,13409],{"class":68},"person_copy ",[62,13411,73],{"class":72},[62,13413,13414],{"class":68}," person",[62,13416,409],{"class":95},[62,13418,13081],{"class":139},[62,13420,8822],{"class":95},[62,13422,13423],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,13424,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,13426,13427,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13441,13444],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,13428,13429],{"class":68},"person_copy",[62,13431,948],{"class":95},[62,13433,259],{"class":76},[62,13435,1073],{"class":80},[62,13437,259],{"class":76},[62,13439,13440],{"class":95},"]",[62,13442,13443],{"class":72}," =",[62,13445,13446],{"class":99}," 26\n",[62,13448,13449],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,13450,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,13452,13453,13455,13457,13459,13462,13464,13466,13468],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,13454,128],{"class":127},[62,13456,131],{"class":95},[62,13458,259],{"class":76},[62,13460,13461],{"class":80},"Original:",[62,13463,259],{"class":76},[62,13465,103],{"class":95},[62,13467,13414],{"class":139},[62,13469,434],{"class":95},[62,13471,13472,13474,13476,13478,13481,13483,13485,13488],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,13473,128],{"class":127},[62,13475,131],{"class":95},[62,13477,259],{"class":76},[62,13479,13480],{"class":80},"Copy:",[62,13482,259],{"class":76},[62,13484,103],{"class":95},[62,13486,13487],{"class":139}," person_copy",[62,13489,434],{"class":95},[14,13491,13492],{},[3946,13493,2282],{},[53,13495,13497],{"className":55,"code":13496,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13498,13499,13536],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13500,13501,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13502,13503],{"class":68},"Original",[62,13505,267],{"class":95},[62,13507,256],{"class":95},[62,13509,3503],{"class":76},[62,13511,329],{"class":80},[62,13513,3503],{"class":76},[62,13515,267],{"class":95},[62,13517,3498],{"class":76},[62,13519,13388],{"class":80},[62,13521,3503],{"class":76},[62,13523,103],{"class":95},[62,13525,3498],{"class":76},[62,13527,1073],{"class":80},[62,13529,3503],{"class":76},[62,13531,267],{"class":95},[62,13533,9479],{"class":99},[62,13535,287],{"class":95},[62,13537,13538,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13572],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,13539,13540],{"class":68},"Copy",[62,13542,267],{"class":95},[62,13544,256],{"class":95},[62,13546,3503],{"class":76},[62,13548,329],{"class":80},[62,13550,3503],{"class":76},[62,13552,267],{"class":95},[62,13554,3498],{"class":76},[62,13556,13388],{"class":80},[62,13558,3503],{"class":76},[62,13560,103],{"class":95},[62,13562,3498],{"class":76},[62,13564,1073],{"class":80},[62,13566,3503],{"class":76},[62,13568,267],{"class":95},[62,13570,13571],{"class":99}," 26",[62,13573,287],{"class":95},[14,13575,13576],{},"What happened here:",[29,13578,13579,13585,13592],{},[32,13580,13581,13584],{},[18,13582,13583],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[32,13586,13587,13588,13591],{},"Changing ",[18,13589,13590],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[32,13593,13594],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13596,13597],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[48,13599,13601],{"id":13600},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13603,13604,13019,13606,409],{},[18,13605,12948],{},[3946,13607,13022],{},[14,13609,2319],{},[29,13611,13612,13615,13618],{},[32,13613,13614],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[32,13616,13617],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[32,13619,13620],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13622,201],{},[53,13624,13626],{"className":55,"code":13625,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,13627,13628,13636,13654,13677,13681,13685,13699,13703,13728,13732,13750,13769,13784],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13629,13630,13632,13634],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13631,1040],{"class":68},[62,13633,73],{"class":72},[62,13635,1045],{"class":95},[62,13637,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,13639,1050],{"class":76},[62,13641,329],{"class":80},[62,13643,259],{"class":76},[62,13645,267],{"class":95},[62,13647,77],{"class":76},[62,13649,1896],{"class":80},[62,13651,259],{"class":76},[62,13653,1066],{"class":95},[62,13655,13656,13658,13661,13663,13665,13667,13670,13672,13675],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,13657,1050],{"class":76},[62,13659,13660],{"class":80},"grades",[62,13662,259],{"class":76},[62,13664,267],{"class":95},[62,13666,96],{"class":95},[62,13668,13669],{"class":99},"90",[62,13671,103],{"class":95},[62,13673,13674],{"class":99}," 85",[62,13676,114],{"class":95},[62,13678,13679],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,13680,287],{"class":95},[62,13682,13683],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,13684,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,13686,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,13688,13071],{"class":68},[62,13690,73],{"class":72},[62,13692,13076],{"class":68},[62,13694,409],{"class":95},[62,13696,13081],{"class":139},[62,13698,8822],{"class":95},[62,13700,13701],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,13702,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,13704,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13718,13721,13723,13726],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,13706,13096],{"class":68},[62,13708,948],{"class":95},[62,13710,259],{"class":76},[62,13712,13660],{"class":80},[62,13714,259],{"class":76},[62,13716,13717],{"class":95},"].",[62,13719,13720],{"class":139},"append",[62,13722,131],{"class":95},[62,13724,13725],{"class":99},"100",[62,13727,434],{"class":95},[62,13729,13730],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,13731,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,13733,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748],{"class":64,"line":6627},[62,13735,128],{"class":127},[62,13737,131],{"class":95},[62,13739,259],{"class":76},[62,13741,13461],{"class":80},[62,13743,259],{"class":76},[62,13745,103],{"class":95},[62,13747,13076],{"class":139},[62,13749,434],{"class":95},[62,13751,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13767],{"class":64,"line":11765},[62,13753,128],{"class":127},[62,13755,131],{"class":95},[62,13757,259],{"class":76},[62,13759,13480],{"class":80},[62,13761,259],{"class":76},[62,13763,103],{"class":95},[62,13765,13766],{"class":139}," student_copy",[62,13768,434],{"class":95},[62,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782],{"class":64,"line":13771},12,[62,13773,128],{"class":127},[62,13775,131],{"class":95},[62,13777,1040],{"class":139},[62,13779,1791],{"class":729},[62,13781,13766],{"class":139},[62,13783,434],{"class":95},[62,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815],{"class":64,"line":13786},13,[62,13788,128],{"class":127},[62,13790,131],{"class":95},[62,13792,1121],{"class":139},[62,13794,948],{"class":95},[62,13796,259],{"class":76},[62,13798,13660],{"class":80},[62,13800,259],{"class":76},[62,13802,13440],{"class":95},[62,13804,8279],{"class":729},[62,13806,13766],{"class":139},[62,13808,948],{"class":95},[62,13810,259],{"class":76},[62,13812,13660],{"class":80},[62,13814,259],{"class":76},[62,13816,4088],{"class":95},[14,13818,13819],{},[3946,13820,2282],{},[53,13822,13824],{"className":55,"code":13823,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13825,13826,13873,13919,13923],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13827,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13829,13503],{"class":68},[62,13831,267],{"class":95},[62,13833,256],{"class":95},[62,13835,3503],{"class":76},[62,13837,329],{"class":80},[62,13839,3503],{"class":76},[62,13841,267],{"class":95},[62,13843,3498],{"class":76},[62,13845,1896],{"class":80},[62,13847,3503],{"class":76},[62,13849,103],{"class":95},[62,13851,3498],{"class":76},[62,13853,13660],{"class":80},[62,13855,3503],{"class":76},[62,13857,267],{"class":95},[62,13859,96],{"class":95},[62,13861,13669],{"class":99},[62,13863,103],{"class":95},[62,13865,13674],{"class":99},[62,13867,103],{"class":95},[62,13869,10290],{"class":99},[62,13871,13872],{"class":95},"]}\n",[62,13874,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,13876,13540],{"class":68},[62,13878,267],{"class":95},[62,13880,256],{"class":95},[62,13882,3503],{"class":76},[62,13884,329],{"class":80},[62,13886,3503],{"class":76},[62,13888,267],{"class":95},[62,13890,3498],{"class":76},[62,13892,1896],{"class":80},[62,13894,3503],{"class":76},[62,13896,103],{"class":95},[62,13898,3498],{"class":76},[62,13900,13660],{"class":80},[62,13902,3503],{"class":76},[62,13904,267],{"class":95},[62,13906,96],{"class":95},[62,13908,13669],{"class":99},[62,13910,103],{"class":95},[62,13912,13674],{"class":99},[62,13914,103],{"class":95},[62,13916,10290],{"class":99},[62,13918,13872],{"class":95},[62,13920,13921],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,13922,4240],{"class":1618},[62,13924,13925],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,13926,4179],{"class":1618},[14,13928,13929],{},"Notice the difference:",[29,13931,13932,13940],{},[32,13933,13934,4982,13937,13939],{},[18,13935,13936],{},"student is student_copy",[18,13938,2098],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[32,13941,13942,4982,13945,13947],{},[18,13943,13944],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,13946,3808],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13949,13950],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13952,13953,13954,409],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[262,13955,13957],{"href":13956},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[48,13959,5160,13961],{"id":13960},"when-to-use-copy",[18,13962,12948],{},[14,13964,169,13965,10772],{},[18,13966,12948],{},[29,13968,13969,13972,13975,13978],{},[32,13970,13971],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[32,13973,13974],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[32,13976,13977],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[32,13979,13980],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13982,201],{},[53,13984,13986],{"className":55,"code":13985,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,13987,13988,14027,14043,14047,14067,14071,14090],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,13989,13990,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14018,14020,14022,14025],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,13991,13992],{"class":68},"settings ",[62,13994,73],{"class":72},[62,13996,256],{"class":95},[62,13998,259],{"class":76},[62,14000,12665],{"class":80},[62,14002,259],{"class":76},[62,14004,267],{"class":95},[62,14006,77],{"class":76},[62,14008,12674],{"class":80},[62,14010,259],{"class":76},[62,14012,103],{"class":95},[62,14014,77],{"class":76},[62,14016,14017],{"class":80},"font_size",[62,14019,259],{"class":76},[62,14021,267],{"class":95},[62,14023,14024],{"class":99}," 14",[62,14026,287],{"class":95},[62,14028,14029,14032,14034,14037,14039,14041],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14030,14031],{"class":68},"settings_backup ",[62,14033,73],{"class":72},[62,14035,14036],{"class":68}," settings",[62,14038,409],{"class":95},[62,14040,13081],{"class":139},[62,14042,8822],{"class":95},[62,14044,14045],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,14046,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,14048,14049,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,14050,14051],{"class":68},"settings",[62,14053,948],{"class":95},[62,14055,259],{"class":76},[62,14057,14017],{"class":80},[62,14059,259],{"class":76},[62,14061,13440],{"class":95},[62,14063,13443],{"class":72},[62,14065,14066],{"class":99}," 16\n",[62,14068,14069],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,14070,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,14072,14073,14075,14077,14079,14082,14084,14086,14088],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,14074,128],{"class":127},[62,14076,131],{"class":95},[62,14078,259],{"class":76},[62,14080,14081],{"class":80},"Current:",[62,14083,259],{"class":76},[62,14085,103],{"class":95},[62,14087,14036],{"class":139},[62,14089,434],{"class":95},[62,14091,14092,14094,14096,14098,14101,14103,14105,14108],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,14093,128],{"class":127},[62,14095,131],{"class":95},[62,14097,259],{"class":76},[62,14099,14100],{"class":80},"Backup:",[62,14102,259],{"class":76},[62,14104,103],{"class":95},[62,14106,14107],{"class":139}," settings_backup",[62,14109,434],{"class":95},[14,14111,14112],{},[3946,14113,2282],{},[53,14115,14117],{"className":55,"code":14116,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,14118,14119,14157],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,14120,14121,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152,14155],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,14122,14123],{"class":68},"Current",[62,14125,267],{"class":95},[62,14127,256],{"class":95},[62,14129,3503],{"class":76},[62,14131,12665],{"class":80},[62,14133,3503],{"class":76},[62,14135,267],{"class":95},[62,14137,3498],{"class":76},[62,14139,12674],{"class":80},[62,14141,3503],{"class":76},[62,14143,103],{"class":95},[62,14145,3498],{"class":76},[62,14147,14017],{"class":80},[62,14149,3503],{"class":76},[62,14151,267],{"class":95},[62,14153,14154],{"class":99}," 16",[62,14156,287],{"class":95},[62,14158,14159,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14160,14161],{"class":68},"Backup",[62,14163,267],{"class":95},[62,14165,256],{"class":95},[62,14167,3503],{"class":76},[62,14169,12665],{"class":80},[62,14171,3503],{"class":76},[62,14173,267],{"class":95},[62,14175,3498],{"class":76},[62,14177,12674],{"class":80},[62,14179,3503],{"class":76},[62,14181,103],{"class":95},[62,14183,3498],{"class":76},[62,14185,14017],{"class":80},[62,14187,3503],{"class":76},[62,14189,267],{"class":95},[62,14191,14024],{"class":99},[62,14193,287],{"class":95},[14,14195,14196,14197,2022,14203,409],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[262,14198,14200],{"href":14199},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,14201,14202],{},"dict.update()",[262,14204,14205],{"href":12995},[18,14206,11499],{},[48,14208,14210,14212],{"id":14209},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,14211,12948],{}," vs assignment",[14,14214,14215],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14217,1834,14218,14220,14221,14223],{},[18,14219,73],{}," does ",[3946,14222,4830],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1256,14225,14227],{"id":14226},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[53,14229,14231],{"className":55,"code":14230,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,14232,14233,14265,14274,14278,14298,14302,14320,14340],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,14234,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,14236,12257],{"class":68},[62,14238,73],{"class":72},[62,14240,256],{"class":95},[62,14242,259],{"class":76},[62,14244,552],{"class":80},[62,14246,259],{"class":76},[62,14248,267],{"class":95},[62,14250,270],{"class":99},[62,14252,103],{"class":95},[62,14254,77],{"class":76},[62,14256,11916],{"class":80},[62,14258,259],{"class":76},[62,14260,267],{"class":95},[62,14262,284],{"class":99},[62,14264,287],{"class":95},[62,14266,14267,14270,14272],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14268,14269],{"class":68},"assigned ",[62,14271,73],{"class":72},[62,14273,12295],{"class":68},[62,14275,14276],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,14277,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,14279,14280,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,14281,14282],{"class":68},"assigned",[62,14284,948],{"class":95},[62,14286,259],{"class":76},[62,14288,552],{"class":80},[62,14290,259],{"class":76},[62,14292,13440],{"class":95},[62,14294,13443],{"class":72},[62,14296,14297],{"class":99}," 99\n",[62,14299,14300],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,14301,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,14303,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,14305,128],{"class":127},[62,14307,131],{"class":95},[62,14309,259],{"class":76},[62,14311,13461],{"class":80},[62,14313,259],{"class":76},[62,14315,103],{"class":95},[62,14317,12332],{"class":139},[62,14319,434],{"class":95},[62,14321,14322,14324,14326,14328,14331,14333,14335,14338],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,14323,128],{"class":127},[62,14325,131],{"class":95},[62,14327,259],{"class":76},[62,14329,14330],{"class":80},"Assigned:",[62,14332,259],{"class":76},[62,14334,103],{"class":95},[62,14336,14337],{"class":139}," assigned",[62,14339,434],{"class":95},[62,14341,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,14343,128],{"class":127},[62,14345,131],{"class":95},[62,14347,12257],{"class":139},[62,14349,1791],{"class":729},[62,14351,14337],{"class":139},[62,14353,434],{"class":95},[14,14355,14356],{},[3946,14357,2282],{},[53,14359,14361],{"className":55,"code":14360,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,14362,14363,14395,14428],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,14364,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,14366,13503],{"class":68},[62,14368,267],{"class":95},[62,14370,256],{"class":95},[62,14372,3503],{"class":76},[62,14374,552],{"class":80},[62,14376,3503],{"class":76},[62,14378,267],{"class":95},[62,14380,10369],{"class":99},[62,14382,103],{"class":95},[62,14384,3498],{"class":76},[62,14386,11916],{"class":80},[62,14388,3503],{"class":76},[62,14390,267],{"class":95},[62,14392,284],{"class":99},[62,14394,287],{"class":95},[62,14396,14397,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14398,14399],{"class":68},"Assigned",[62,14401,267],{"class":95},[62,14403,256],{"class":95},[62,14405,3503],{"class":76},[62,14407,552],{"class":80},[62,14409,3503],{"class":76},[62,14411,267],{"class":95},[62,14413,10369],{"class":99},[62,14415,103],{"class":95},[62,14417,3498],{"class":76},[62,14419,11916],{"class":80},[62,14421,3503],{"class":76},[62,14423,267],{"class":95},[62,14425,284],{"class":99},[62,14427,287],{"class":95},[62,14429,14430],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,14431,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,14433,1834,14435],{"id":14434},"using-copy",[18,14436,12948],{},[53,14438,14440],{"className":55,"code":14439,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14441,14442,14474,14489,14493,14512,14516,14534,14554],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,14443,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,14445,12257],{"class":68},[62,14447,73],{"class":72},[62,14449,256],{"class":95},[62,14451,259],{"class":76},[62,14453,552],{"class":80},[62,14455,259],{"class":76},[62,14457,267],{"class":95},[62,14459,270],{"class":99},[62,14461,103],{"class":95},[62,14463,77],{"class":76},[62,14465,11916],{"class":80},[62,14467,259],{"class":76},[62,14469,267],{"class":95},[62,14471,284],{"class":99},[62,14473,287],{"class":95},[62,14475,14476,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14477,14478],{"class":68},"copied ",[62,14480,73],{"class":72},[62,14482,12332],{"class":68},[62,14484,409],{"class":95},[62,14486,13081],{"class":139},[62,14488,8822],{"class":95},[62,14490,14491],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,14492,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,14494,14495,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,14496,14497],{"class":68},"copied",[62,14499,948],{"class":95},[62,14501,259],{"class":76},[62,14503,552],{"class":80},[62,14505,259],{"class":76},[62,14507,13440],{"class":95},[62,14509,13443],{"class":72},[62,14511,14297],{"class":99},[62,14513,14514],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,14515,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,14517,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,14519,128],{"class":127},[62,14521,131],{"class":95},[62,14523,259],{"class":76},[62,14525,13461],{"class":80},[62,14527,259],{"class":76},[62,14529,103],{"class":95},[62,14531,12332],{"class":139},[62,14533,434],{"class":95},[62,14535,14536,14538,14540,14542,14545,14547,14549,14552],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,14537,128],{"class":127},[62,14539,131],{"class":95},[62,14541,259],{"class":76},[62,14543,14544],{"class":80},"Copied:",[62,14546,259],{"class":76},[62,14548,103],{"class":95},[62,14550,14551],{"class":139}," copied",[62,14553,434],{"class":95},[62,14555,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,14557,128],{"class":127},[62,14559,131],{"class":95},[62,14561,12257],{"class":139},[62,14563,1791],{"class":729},[62,14565,14551],{"class":139},[62,14567,434],{"class":95},[14,14569,14570],{},[3946,14571,2282],{},[53,14573,14575],{"className":55,"code":14574,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,14576,14577,14609,14642],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,14578,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,14580,13503],{"class":68},[62,14582,267],{"class":95},[62,14584,256],{"class":95},[62,14586,3503],{"class":76},[62,14588,552],{"class":80},[62,14590,3503],{"class":76},[62,14592,267],{"class":95},[62,14594,270],{"class":99},[62,14596,103],{"class":95},[62,14598,3498],{"class":76},[62,14600,11916],{"class":80},[62,14602,3503],{"class":76},[62,14604,267],{"class":95},[62,14606,284],{"class":99},[62,14608,287],{"class":95},[62,14610,14611,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14612,14613],{"class":68},"Copied",[62,14615,267],{"class":95},[62,14617,256],{"class":95},[62,14619,3503],{"class":76},[62,14621,552],{"class":80},[62,14623,3503],{"class":76},[62,14625,267],{"class":95},[62,14627,10369],{"class":99},[62,14629,103],{"class":95},[62,14631,3498],{"class":76},[62,14633,11916],{"class":80},[62,14635,3503],{"class":76},[62,14637,267],{"class":95},[62,14639,284],{"class":99},[62,14641,287],{"class":95},[62,14643,14644],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,14645,4240],{"class":1618},[14,14647,14648],{},"Summary:",[29,14650,14651,14657],{},[32,14652,14653,14656],{},[18,14654,14655],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[32,14658,14659,14662],{},[18,14660,14661],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[48,14664,14666],{"id":14665},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14668,14669,267],{},[18,14670,12948],{},[29,14672,14673,14676,14679,14682],{},[32,14674,14675],{},"Returns a dictionary",[32,14677,14678],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[32,14680,14681],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[32,14683,14684],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14686,201],{},[53,14688,14690],{"className":55,"code":14689,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14691,14692,14724,14740,14744,14762,14782,14786,14804],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,14693,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,14695,251],{"class":68},[62,14697,73],{"class":72},[62,14699,256],{"class":95},[62,14701,259],{"class":76},[62,14703,262],{"class":80},[62,14705,259],{"class":76},[62,14707,267],{"class":95},[62,14709,270],{"class":99},[62,14711,103],{"class":95},[62,14713,77],{"class":76},[62,14715,277],{"class":80},[62,14717,259],{"class":76},[62,14719,267],{"class":95},[62,14721,284],{"class":99},[62,14723,287],{"class":95},[62,14725,14726,14729,14731,14734,14736,14738],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14727,14728],{"class":68},"data_copy ",[62,14730,73],{"class":72},[62,14732,14733],{"class":68}," data",[62,14735,409],{"class":95},[62,14737,13081],{"class":139},[62,14739,8822],{"class":95},[62,14741,14742],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,14743,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,14745,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,14747,367],{"class":68},[62,14749,948],{"class":95},[62,14751,259],{"class":76},[62,14753,262],{"class":80},[62,14755,259],{"class":76},[62,14757,13440],{"class":95},[62,14759,13443],{"class":72},[62,14761,2791],{"class":99},[62,14763,14764,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,14765,14766],{"class":68},"data_copy",[62,14768,948],{"class":95},[62,14770,259],{"class":76},[62,14772,277],{"class":80},[62,14774,259],{"class":76},[62,14776,13440],{"class":95},[62,14778,13443],{"class":72},[62,14780,14781],{"class":99}," 20\n",[62,14783,14784],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,14785,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,14787,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,14789,128],{"class":127},[62,14791,131],{"class":95},[62,14793,259],{"class":76},[62,14795,13461],{"class":80},[62,14797,259],{"class":76},[62,14799,103],{"class":95},[62,14801,14733],{"class":139},[62,14803,434],{"class":95},[62,14805,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14821],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,14807,128],{"class":127},[62,14809,131],{"class":95},[62,14811,259],{"class":76},[62,14813,13480],{"class":80},[62,14815,259],{"class":76},[62,14817,103],{"class":95},[62,14819,14820],{"class":139}," data_copy",[62,14822,434],{"class":95},[14,14824,14825],{},[3946,14826,2282],{},[53,14828,14830],{"className":55,"code":14829,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14831,14832,14864],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,14833,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,14835,13503],{"class":68},[62,14837,267],{"class":95},[62,14839,256],{"class":95},[62,14841,3503],{"class":76},[62,14843,262],{"class":80},[62,14845,3503],{"class":76},[62,14847,267],{"class":95},[62,14849,6200],{"class":99},[62,14851,103],{"class":95},[62,14853,3498],{"class":76},[62,14855,277],{"class":80},[62,14857,3503],{"class":76},[62,14859,267],{"class":95},[62,14861,284],{"class":99},[62,14863,287],{"class":95},[62,14865,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14867,13540],{"class":68},[62,14869,267],{"class":95},[62,14871,256],{"class":95},[62,14873,3503],{"class":76},[62,14875,262],{"class":80},[62,14877,3503],{"class":76},[62,14879,267],{"class":95},[62,14881,270],{"class":99},[62,14883,103],{"class":95},[62,14885,3498],{"class":76},[62,14887,277],{"class":80},[62,14889,3503],{"class":76},[62,14891,267],{"class":95},[62,14893,106],{"class":99},[62,14895,287],{"class":95},[48,14897,1824],{"id":1823},[14,14899,14900,14901,267],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,14902,12605],{},[29,14904,14905,14912,14917,14922],{},[32,14906,1834,14907,11264,14909,14911],{},[18,14908,73],{},[18,14910,12948],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[32,14913,1859,14914,14916],{},[18,14915,12948],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[32,14918,14919,14920],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,14921,12948],{},[32,14923,14924],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14926,14927],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[53,14929,14931],{"className":55,"code":14930,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,14932,14933,14943,14953,14967,14990,15013],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,14934,14935,14937,14939,14941],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,14936,128],{"class":127},[62,14938,131],{"class":95},[62,14940,12304],{"class":139},[62,14942,434],{"class":95},[62,14944,14945,14947,14949,14951],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,14946,128],{"class":127},[62,14948,131],{"class":95},[62,14950,14497],{"class":139},[62,14952,434],{"class":95},[62,14954,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,14956,128],{"class":127},[62,14958,131],{"class":95},[62,14960,12257],{"class":139},[62,14962,1791],{"class":729},[62,14964,14551],{"class":139},[62,14966,434],{"class":95},[62,14968,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14984,14986,14988],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,14970,128],{"class":127},[62,14972,131],{"class":95},[62,14974,12820],{"class":127},[62,14976,131],{"class":95},[62,14978,12304],{"class":139},[62,14980,9408],{"class":95},[62,14982,14983],{"class":127}," id",[62,14985,131],{"class":95},[62,14987,14497],{"class":139},[62,14989,1013],{"class":95},[62,14991,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15009,15011],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,14993,128],{"class":127},[62,14995,131],{"class":95},[62,14997,12820],{"class":127},[62,14999,131],{"class":95},[62,15001,12304],{"class":139},[62,15003,948],{"class":95},[62,15005,259],{"class":76},[62,15007,15008],{"class":80},"key",[62,15010,259],{"class":76},[62,15012,3201],{"class":95},[62,15014,15015,15017,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029,15031,15033],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,15016,128],{"class":127},[62,15018,131],{"class":95},[62,15020,12820],{"class":127},[62,15022,131],{"class":95},[62,15024,14497],{"class":139},[62,15026,948],{"class":95},[62,15028,259],{"class":76},[62,15030,15008],{"class":80},[62,15032,259],{"class":76},[62,15034,3201],{"class":95},[14,15036,15037],{},"What these help you check:",[29,15039,15040,15043,15046],{},[32,15041,15042],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[32,15044,15045],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[32,15047,15048],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15050,15051,15052,409],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[262,15053,15055],{"href":15054},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[48,15057,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,15059,12875,15061,15063],{"id":15060},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,15062,12605],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15065,15066],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1256,15068,15070,15071,15073],{"id":15069},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,15072,12605],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15075,15076],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1256,15078,5378,15080,1940,15082,632],{"id":15079},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,15081,12948],{},[18,15083,73],{},[14,15085,15086,15088,15089,15091],{},[18,15087,12948],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,15090,73],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1256,15093,15095],{"id":15094},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15097,15098],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[48,15100,2109],{"id":2108},[29,15102,15103,15107,15111,15115,15122,15128],{},[32,15104,15105],{},[262,15106,11414],{"href":13196},[32,15108,15109],{},[262,15110,408],{"href":13193},[32,15112,15113],{},[262,15114,13957],{"href":13956},[32,15116,15117],{},[262,15118,10908,15119,10912],{"href":14199},[18,15120,15121],{},"update()",[32,15123,15124],{},[262,15125,10908,15126,10912],{"href":12995},[18,15127,11493],{},[32,15129,15130],{},[262,15131,15132],{"href":15054},"How to copy a list in Python",[2145,15134,15135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":15137},[15138,15139,15141,15142,15143,15144,15146,15152,15153,15154,15163],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":13165,"depth":87,"text":15140},"What the copy() method does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":13600,"depth":87,"text":13601},{"id":13960,"depth":87,"text":15145},"When to use copy()",{"id":14209,"depth":87,"text":15147,"children":15148},"copy() vs assignment",[15149,15150],{"id":14226,"depth":117,"text":14227},{"id":14434,"depth":117,"text":15151},"Using copy()",{"id":14665,"depth":87,"text":14666},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":15155},[15156,15158,15160,15162],{"id":15060,"depth":117,"text":15157},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15069,"depth":117,"text":15159},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15079,"depth":117,"text":15161},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15094,"depth":117,"text":15095},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13001,"description":15164},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15171,"title":15172,"body":15173,"description":17369,"extension":2174,"meta":17370,"navigation":120,"path":13196,"seo":17371,"stem":17372,"__hash__":17373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15174,"toc":17331},[15175,15178,15184,15193,15195,15271,15275,15324,15327,15331,15345,15348,15352,15365,15368,15401,15414,15417,15429,15433,15436,15444,15524,15528,15581,15585,15603,15605,15687,15690,15692,15695,15698,15721,15745,15749,15757,15760,15764,15773,15778,15836,15840,15873,15879,15885,15888,15943,15947,15997,16000,16006,16009,16017,16019,16064,16069,16078,16081,16084,16131,16133,16138,16141,16235,16239,16292,16295,16351,16354,16358,16361,16375,16379,16445,16449,16474,16477,16481,16558,16562,16565,16568,16588,16591,16644,16648,16651,16654,16667,16669,16758,16765,16768,16779,16781,16784,16804,16808,16811,16820,16823,16862,16866,16868,16877,16886,16888,16926,16930,16977,16981,17002,17006,17009,17121,17126,17224,17245,17247,17251,17258,17262,17268,17272,17275,17279,17282,17289,17297,17299,17325,17328],[10,15176,15172],{"id":15177},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15179,15180,15181,15183],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3946,15182,9311],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15185,15186,15187,2022,15189,409],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[262,15188,408],{"href":407},[262,15190,15192],{"href":15191},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[48,15194,51],{"id":50},[53,15196,15198],{"className":55,"code":15197,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15199,15200,15208,15226,15240,15253,15257,15261],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15201,15202,15204,15206],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15203,1040],{"class":68},[62,15205,73],{"class":72},[62,15207,1045],{"class":95},[62,15209,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15211,1050],{"class":76},[62,15213,329],{"class":80},[62,15215,259],{"class":76},[62,15217,267],{"class":95},[62,15219,77],{"class":76},[62,15221,1896],{"class":80},[62,15223,259],{"class":76},[62,15225,1066],{"class":95},[62,15227,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236,15238],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,15229,1050],{"class":76},[62,15231,1073],{"class":80},[62,15233,259],{"class":76},[62,15235,267],{"class":95},[62,15237,106],{"class":99},[62,15239,1066],{"class":95},[62,15241,15242,15244,15247,15249,15251],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,15243,1050],{"class":76},[62,15245,15246],{"class":80},"is_active",[62,15248,259],{"class":76},[62,15250,267],{"class":95},[62,15252,6615],{"class":1618},[62,15254,15255],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,15256,287],{"class":95},[62,15258,15259],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,15260,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,15262,15263,15265,15267,15269],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,15264,128],{"class":127},[62,15266,131],{"class":95},[62,15268,1121],{"class":139},[62,15270,434],{"class":95},[14,15272,15273],{},[3946,15274,2282],{},[53,15276,15278],{"className":55,"code":15277,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,15279,15280],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15281,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15283,9452],{"class":95},[62,15285,3503],{"class":76},[62,15287,329],{"class":80},[62,15289,3503],{"class":76},[62,15291,267],{"class":95},[62,15293,3498],{"class":76},[62,15295,1896],{"class":80},[62,15297,3503],{"class":76},[62,15299,103],{"class":95},[62,15301,3498],{"class":76},[62,15303,1073],{"class":80},[62,15305,3503],{"class":76},[62,15307,267],{"class":95},[62,15309,106],{"class":99},[62,15311,103],{"class":95},[62,15313,3498],{"class":76},[62,15315,15246],{"class":80},[62,15317,3503],{"class":76},[62,15319,267],{"class":95},[62,15321,4115],{"class":1618},[62,15323,287],{"class":95},[14,15325,15326],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[48,15328,15330],{"id":15329},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[29,15332,15333,15336,15339,15342],{},[32,15334,15335],{},"What a dictionary is",[32,15337,15338],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[32,15340,15341],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[32,15343,15344],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[48,15346,15335],{"id":15347},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15349,9308,15350,409],{},[3946,15351,9311],{},[29,15353,15354,15360],{},[32,15355,15356,15357,15359],{},"A ",[3946,15358,15008],{}," is the label",[32,15361,15356,15362,15364],{},[3946,15363,1632],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15366,15367],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[53,15369,15371],{"className":55,"code":15370,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,15372,15373,15381,15397],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15374,15375,15377,15379],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15376,1040],{"class":68},[62,15378,73],{"class":72},[62,15380,1045],{"class":95},[62,15382,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15384,1050],{"class":76},[62,15386,329],{"class":80},[62,15388,259],{"class":76},[62,15390,267],{"class":95},[62,15392,77],{"class":76},[62,15394,1896],{"class":80},[62,15396,84],{"class":76},[62,15398,15399],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,15400,287],{"class":95},[29,15402,15403,15408],{},[32,15404,15405,15407],{},[18,15406,1939],{}," is the key",[32,15409,15410,15413],{},[18,15411,15412],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15415,15416],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[29,15418,15419,15421,15423,15426],{},[32,15420,329],{},[32,15422,1073],{},[32,15424,15425],{},"email",[32,15427,15428],{},"country",[48,15430,15432],{"id":15431},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15434,15435],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15437,169,15438,15440,15441,409],{},[18,15439,3995],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15442,15443],{},"key: value",[53,15445,15447],{"className":55,"code":15446,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15448,15449,15457,15475,15489,15506,15510,15514],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15450,15451,15453,15455],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15452,1040],{"class":68},[62,15454,73],{"class":72},[62,15456,1045],{"class":95},[62,15458,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15460,1050],{"class":76},[62,15462,329],{"class":80},[62,15464,259],{"class":76},[62,15466,267],{"class":95},[62,15468,77],{"class":76},[62,15470,1896],{"class":80},[62,15472,259],{"class":76},[62,15474,1066],{"class":95},[62,15476,15477,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,15478,1050],{"class":76},[62,15480,1073],{"class":80},[62,15482,259],{"class":76},[62,15484,267],{"class":95},[62,15486,106],{"class":99},[62,15488,1066],{"class":95},[62,15490,15491,15493,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,15492,1050],{"class":76},[62,15494,15495],{"class":80},"course",[62,15497,259],{"class":76},[62,15499,267],{"class":95},[62,15501,77],{"class":76},[62,15503,7488],{"class":80},[62,15505,84],{"class":76},[62,15507,15508],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,15509,287],{"class":95},[62,15511,15512],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,15513,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,15515,15516,15518,15520,15522],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,15517,128],{"class":127},[62,15519,131],{"class":95},[62,15521,1121],{"class":139},[62,15523,434],{"class":95},[14,15525,15526],{},[3946,15527,2282],{},[53,15529,15531],{"className":55,"code":15530,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15532,15533],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15534,15535,15537,15539,15541,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15536,9452],{"class":95},[62,15538,3503],{"class":76},[62,15540,329],{"class":80},[62,15542,3503],{"class":76},[62,15544,267],{"class":95},[62,15546,3498],{"class":76},[62,15548,1896],{"class":80},[62,15550,3503],{"class":76},[62,15552,103],{"class":95},[62,15554,3498],{"class":76},[62,15556,1073],{"class":80},[62,15558,3503],{"class":76},[62,15560,267],{"class":95},[62,15562,106],{"class":99},[62,15564,103],{"class":95},[62,15566,3498],{"class":76},[62,15568,15495],{"class":80},[62,15570,3503],{"class":76},[62,15572,267],{"class":95},[62,15574,3498],{"class":76},[62,15576,7488],{"class":80},[62,15578,3503],{"class":76},[62,15580,287],{"class":95},[1256,15582,15584],{"id":15583},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[29,15586,15587,15592,15597,15600],{},[32,15588,169,15589,15591],{},[18,15590,3995],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[32,15593,15594,15595],{},"Write each item as ",[18,15596,15443],{},[32,15598,15599],{},"Separate items with commas",[32,15601,15602],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15604,201],{},[53,15606,15608],{"className":55,"code":15607,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,15609,15610,15619,15639,15655,15668,15672,15676],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15611,15612,15615,15617],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15613,15614],{"class":68},"book ",[62,15616,73],{"class":72},[62,15618,1045],{"class":95},[62,15620,15621,15623,15626,15628,15630,15632,15635,15637],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15622,1050],{"class":76},[62,15624,15625],{"class":80},"title",[62,15627,259],{"class":76},[62,15629,267],{"class":95},[62,15631,77],{"class":76},[62,15633,15634],{"class":80},"Python Basics",[62,15636,259],{"class":76},[62,15638,1066],{"class":95},[62,15640,15641,15643,15646,15648,15650,15653],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,15642,1050],{"class":76},[62,15644,15645],{"class":80},"pages",[62,15647,259],{"class":76},[62,15649,267],{"class":95},[62,15651,15652],{"class":99}," 150",[62,15654,1066],{"class":95},[62,15656,15657,15659,15662,15664,15666],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,15658,1050],{"class":76},[62,15660,15661],{"class":80},"available",[62,15663,259],{"class":76},[62,15665,267],{"class":95},[62,15667,6615],{"class":1618},[62,15669,15670],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,15671,287],{"class":95},[62,15673,15674],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,15675,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,15677,15678,15680,15682,15685],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,15679,128],{"class":127},[62,15681,131],{"class":95},[62,15683,15684],{"class":139},"book",[62,15686,434],{"class":95},[14,15688,15689],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[48,15691,9575],{"id":9574},[14,15693,15694],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15696,15697],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[53,15699,15701],{"className":55,"code":15700,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15702,15703,15711],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15704,15705,15707,15709],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15706,251],{"class":68},[62,15708,73],{"class":72},[62,15710,1206],{"class":95},[62,15712,15713,15715,15717,15719],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15714,128],{"class":127},[62,15716,131],{"class":95},[62,15718,367],{"class":139},[62,15720,434],{"class":95},[53,15722,15723],{"className":55,"code":9578,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,15724,15725,15735],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15726,15727,15729,15731,15733],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15728,251],{"class":68},[62,15730,73],{"class":72},[62,15732,1752],{"class":430},[62,15734,8822],{"class":95},[62,15736,15737,15739,15741,15743],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15738,128],{"class":127},[62,15740,131],{"class":95},[62,15742,367],{"class":139},[62,15744,434],{"class":95},[14,15746,15747],{},[3946,15748,2282],{},[53,15750,15751],{"className":55,"code":9607,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,15752,15753],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15754,15755],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15756,9607],{"class":95},[14,15758,15759],{},"Both are correct.",[1256,15761,15763],{"id":15762},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15765,15766,15768,15769,15772],{},[18,15767,3995],{}," creates an empty ",[3946,15770,15771],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15774,15775,15776,409],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15777,4000],{},[53,15779,15781],{"className":55,"code":15780,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15782,15783,15791,15803,15807,15821],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15784,15785,15787,15789],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15786,11895],{"class":68},[62,15788,73],{"class":72},[62,15790,1206],{"class":95},[62,15792,15793,15796,15798,15801],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15794,15795],{"class":68},"my_set ",[62,15797,73],{"class":72},[62,15799,15800],{"class":430}," set",[62,15802,8822],{"class":95},[62,15804,15805],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,15806,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,15808,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,15810,128],{"class":127},[62,15812,131],{"class":95},[62,15814,1690],{"class":430},[62,15816,131],{"class":95},[62,15818,11622],{"class":139},[62,15820,1013],{"class":95},[62,15822,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15834],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,15824,128],{"class":127},[62,15826,131],{"class":95},[62,15828,1690],{"class":430},[62,15830,131],{"class":95},[62,15832,15833],{"class":139},"my_set",[62,15835,1013],{"class":95},[14,15837,15838],{},[3946,15839,2282],{},[53,15841,15843],{"className":55,"code":15842,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15844,15845,15859],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15846,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15848,3492],{"class":72},[62,15850,3495],{"class":2276},[62,15852,3498],{"class":76},[62,15854,9001],{"class":80},[62,15856,3503],{"class":76},[62,15858,3506],{"class":72},[62,15860,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15862,3492],{"class":72},[62,15864,3495],{"class":2276},[62,15866,3498],{"class":76},[62,15868,6482],{"class":80},[62,15870,3503],{"class":76},[62,15872,3506],{"class":72},[48,15874,15876,15877],{"id":15875},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,15878,9300],{},[14,15880,15881,15882,15884],{},"You can also use ",[18,15883,9300],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15886,15887],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[53,15889,15891],{"className":55,"code":15890,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,15892,15893,15933],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15894,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15922,15924,15927,15929,15931],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15896,1040],{"class":68},[62,15898,73],{"class":72},[62,15900,1752],{"class":430},[62,15902,131],{"class":95},[62,15904,329],{"class":9351},[62,15906,73],{"class":72},[62,15908,259],{"class":76},[62,15910,1896],{"class":80},[62,15912,259],{"class":76},[62,15914,103],{"class":95},[62,15916,9364],{"class":9351},[62,15918,73],{"class":72},[62,15920,15921],{"class":99},"20",[62,15923,103],{"class":95},[62,15925,15926],{"class":9351}," active",[62,15928,73],{"class":72},[62,15930,3808],{"class":1618},[62,15932,434],{"class":95},[62,15934,15935,15937,15939,15941],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,15936,128],{"class":127},[62,15938,131],{"class":95},[62,15940,1121],{"class":139},[62,15942,434],{"class":95},[14,15944,15945],{},[3946,15946,2282],{},[53,15948,15950],{"className":55,"code":15949,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,15951,15952],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,15953,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15989,15991,15993,15995],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,15955,9452],{"class":95},[62,15957,3503],{"class":76},[62,15959,329],{"class":80},[62,15961,3503],{"class":76},[62,15963,267],{"class":95},[62,15965,3498],{"class":76},[62,15967,1896],{"class":80},[62,15969,3503],{"class":76},[62,15971,103],{"class":95},[62,15973,3498],{"class":76},[62,15975,1073],{"class":80},[62,15977,3503],{"class":76},[62,15979,267],{"class":95},[62,15981,106],{"class":99},[62,15983,103],{"class":95},[62,15985,3498],{"class":76},[62,15987,15988],{"class":80},"active",[62,15990,3503],{"class":76},[62,15992,267],{"class":95},[62,15994,4115],{"class":1618},[62,15996,287],{"class":95},[14,15998,15999],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1256,16001,16003,16004],{"id":16002},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,16005,9300],{},[14,16007,16008],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[29,16010,16011,16014],{},[32,16012,16013],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[32,16015,16016],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16018,6879],{},[53,16020,16022],{"className":55,"code":16021,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,16023,16024,16054],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16025,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16027,11661],{"class":68},[62,16029,73],{"class":72},[62,16031,1752],{"class":430},[62,16033,131],{"class":95},[62,16035,329],{"class":9351},[62,16037,73],{"class":72},[62,16039,259],{"class":76},[62,16041,218],{"class":80},[62,16043,259],{"class":76},[62,16045,103],{"class":95},[62,16047,9364],{"class":9351},[62,16049,73],{"class":72},[62,16051,9369],{"class":99},[62,16053,434],{"class":95},[62,16055,16056,16058,16060,16062],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16057,128],{"class":127},[62,16059,131],{"class":95},[62,16061,11752],{"class":139},[62,16063,434],{"class":95},[14,16065,4827,16066,16068],{},[3946,16067,4830],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[53,16070,16072],{"className":55,"code":16071,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,16073,16074],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16075,16076],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16077,16071],{"class":146},[14,16079,16080],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16082,16083],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[53,16085,16087],{"className":55,"code":16086,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,16088,16089,16097,16113,16117,16121],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16090,16091,16093,16095],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16092,11661],{"class":68},[62,16094,73],{"class":72},[62,16096,1045],{"class":95},[62,16098,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16100,1050],{"class":76},[62,16102,10666],{"class":80},[62,16104,259],{"class":76},[62,16106,267],{"class":95},[62,16108,77],{"class":76},[62,16110,218],{"class":80},[62,16112,84],{"class":76},[62,16114,16115],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,16116,287],{"class":95},[62,16118,16119],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,16120,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,16122,16123,16125,16127,16129],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,16124,128],{"class":127},[62,16126,131],{"class":95},[62,16128,11752],{"class":139},[62,16130,434],{"class":95},[48,16132,9617],{"id":9616},[14,16134,16135,16137],{},[18,16136,9300],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16139,16140],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[53,16142,16144],{"className":55,"code":16143,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,16145,16146,16203,16207,16221,16225],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16147,16148,16150,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16199,16201],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16149,9390],{"class":68},[62,16151,73],{"class":72},[62,16153,9395],{"class":95},[62,16155,259],{"class":76},[62,16157,329],{"class":80},[62,16159,259],{"class":76},[62,16161,103],{"class":95},[62,16163,77],{"class":76},[62,16165,1896],{"class":80},[62,16167,259],{"class":76},[62,16169,9408],{"class":95},[62,16171,854],{"class":95},[62,16173,259],{"class":76},[62,16175,1073],{"class":80},[62,16177,259],{"class":76},[62,16179,103],{"class":95},[62,16181,106],{"class":99},[62,16183,9408],{"class":95},[62,16185,854],{"class":95},[62,16187,259],{"class":76},[62,16189,10581],{"class":80},[62,16191,259],{"class":76},[62,16193,103],{"class":95},[62,16195,77],{"class":76},[62,16197,16198],{"class":80},"Lima",[62,16200,259],{"class":76},[62,16202,9423],{"class":95},[62,16204,16205],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16206,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,16208,16209,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,16210,1040],{"class":68},[62,16212,73],{"class":72},[62,16214,1752],{"class":430},[62,16216,131],{"class":95},[62,16218,9436],{"class":139},[62,16220,434],{"class":95},[62,16222,16223],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,16224,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,16226,16227,16229,16231,16233],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,16228,128],{"class":127},[62,16230,131],{"class":95},[62,16232,1121],{"class":139},[62,16234,434],{"class":95},[14,16236,16237],{},[3946,16238,2282],{},[53,16240,16242],{"className":55,"code":16241,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,16243,16244],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16245,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16258,16260,16262,16264,16266,16268,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16247,9452],{"class":95},[62,16249,3503],{"class":76},[62,16251,329],{"class":80},[62,16253,3503],{"class":76},[62,16255,267],{"class":95},[62,16257,3498],{"class":76},[62,16259,1896],{"class":80},[62,16261,3503],{"class":76},[62,16263,103],{"class":95},[62,16265,3498],{"class":76},[62,16267,1073],{"class":80},[62,16269,3503],{"class":76},[62,16271,267],{"class":95},[62,16273,106],{"class":99},[62,16275,103],{"class":95},[62,16277,3498],{"class":76},[62,16279,10581],{"class":80},[62,16281,3503],{"class":76},[62,16283,267],{"class":95},[62,16285,3498],{"class":76},[62,16287,16198],{"class":80},[62,16289,3503],{"class":76},[62,16291,287],{"class":95},[14,16293,16294],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[53,16296,16298],{"className":55,"code":16297,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,16299,16300,16341],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16301,16302,16304,16306,16308,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16303,1040],{"class":68},[62,16305,73],{"class":72},[62,16307,1752],{"class":430},[62,16309,16310],{"class":95},"(((",[62,16312,259],{"class":76},[62,16314,329],{"class":80},[62,16316,259],{"class":76},[62,16318,103],{"class":95},[62,16320,77],{"class":76},[62,16322,1896],{"class":80},[62,16324,259],{"class":76},[62,16326,9408],{"class":95},[62,16328,854],{"class":95},[62,16330,259],{"class":76},[62,16332,1073],{"class":80},[62,16334,259],{"class":76},[62,16336,103],{"class":95},[62,16338,106],{"class":99},[62,16340,3115],{"class":95},[62,16342,16343,16345,16347,16349],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16344,128],{"class":127},[62,16346,131],{"class":95},[62,16348,1121],{"class":139},[62,16350,434],{"class":95},[14,16352,16353],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[48,16355,16357],{"id":16356},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16359,16360],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[29,16362,16363,16366,16369,16372],{},[32,16364,16365],{},"Keys must be unique",[32,16367,16368],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[32,16370,16371],{},"Values can repeat",[32,16373,16374],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1256,16376,16378],{"id":16377},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[53,16380,16382],{"className":55,"code":16381,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,16383,16384,16392,16410,16427,16431,16435],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16385,16386,16388,16390],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16387,251],{"class":68},[62,16389,73],{"class":72},[62,16391,1045],{"class":95},[62,16393,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16395,1050],{"class":76},[62,16397,329],{"class":80},[62,16399,259],{"class":76},[62,16401,267],{"class":95},[62,16403,77],{"class":76},[62,16405,1896],{"class":80},[62,16407,259],{"class":76},[62,16409,1066],{"class":95},[62,16411,16412,16414,16416,16418,16420,16422,16425],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,16413,1050],{"class":76},[62,16415,329],{"class":80},[62,16417,259],{"class":76},[62,16419,267],{"class":95},[62,16421,77],{"class":76},[62,16423,16424],{"class":80},"Maria",[62,16426,84],{"class":76},[62,16428,16429],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,16430,287],{"class":95},[62,16432,16433],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,16434,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,16436,16437,16439,16441,16443],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,16438,128],{"class":127},[62,16440,131],{"class":95},[62,16442,367],{"class":139},[62,16444,434],{"class":95},[14,16446,16447],{},[3946,16448,2282],{},[53,16450,16452],{"className":55,"code":16451,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16453,16454],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16455,16456,16458,16460,16462,16464,16466,16468,16470,16472],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16457,9452],{"class":95},[62,16459,3503],{"class":76},[62,16461,329],{"class":80},[62,16463,3503],{"class":76},[62,16465,267],{"class":95},[62,16467,3498],{"class":76},[62,16469,16424],{"class":80},[62,16471,3503],{"class":76},[62,16473,287],{"class":95},[14,16475,16476],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1256,16478,16480],{"id":16479},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[53,16482,16484],{"className":55,"code":16483,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16485,16486,16494,16510,16526,16540,16544,16548],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16487,16488,16490,16492],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16489,969],{"class":68},[62,16491,73],{"class":72},[62,16493,1045],{"class":95},[62,16495,16496,16499,16501,16503,16506,16508],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16497,16498],{"class":99},"    1",[62,16500,267],{"class":95},[62,16502,77],{"class":76},[62,16504,16505],{"class":80},"low",[62,16507,259],{"class":76},[62,16509,1066],{"class":95},[62,16511,16512,16515,16517,16519,16522,16524],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,16513,16514],{"class":99},"    2",[62,16516,267],{"class":95},[62,16518,77],{"class":76},[62,16520,16521],{"class":80},"medium",[62,16523,259],{"class":76},[62,16525,1066],{"class":95},[62,16527,16528,16531,16533,16535,16538],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,16529,16530],{"class":99},"    3",[62,16532,267],{"class":95},[62,16534,77],{"class":76},[62,16536,16537],{"class":80},"high",[62,16539,84],{"class":76},[62,16541,16542],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,16543,287],{"class":95},[62,16545,16546],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,16547,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,16549,16550,16552,16554,16556],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,16551,128],{"class":127},[62,16553,131],{"class":95},[62,16555,1010],{"class":139},[62,16557,434],{"class":95},[1256,16559,16561],{"id":16560},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16563,16564],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16566,16567],{},"This will cause an error:",[53,16569,16571],{"className":55,"code":16570,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,16572,16573,16578,16583],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16574,16575],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16576,16577],{"class":146},"# bad = {\n",[62,16579,16580],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16581,16582],{"class":146},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[62,16584,16585],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,16586,16587],{"class":146},"# }\n",[14,16589,16590],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[53,16592,16594],{"className":55,"code":16593,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,16595,16596,16605,16625,16629,16633],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16597,16598,16601,16603],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16599,16600],{"class":68},"good ",[62,16602,73],{"class":72},[62,16604,1045],{"class":95},[62,16606,16607,16610,16612,16614,16616,16619,16621,16623],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16608,16609],{"class":95},"    (",[62,16611,499],{"class":99},[62,16613,103],{"class":95},[62,16615,284],{"class":99},[62,16617,16618],{"class":95},"):",[62,16620,77],{"class":76},[62,16622,348],{"class":80},[62,16624,84],{"class":76},[62,16626,16627],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,16628,287],{"class":95},[62,16630,16631],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,16632,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,16634,16635,16637,16639,16642],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,16636,128],{"class":127},[62,16638,131],{"class":95},[62,16640,16641],{"class":139},"good",[62,16643,434],{"class":95},[48,16645,16647],{"id":16646},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16649,16650],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16652,16653],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[29,16655,16656,16659,16661,16664],{},[32,16657,16658],{},"user data",[32,16660,14051],{},[32,16662,16663],{},"counters",[32,16665,16666],{},"lookups",[14,16668,201],{},[53,16670,16672],{"className":55,"code":16671,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16673,16674,16682,16701,16720,16732,16736,16740],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16675,16676,16678,16680],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16677,11661],{"class":68},[62,16679,73],{"class":72},[62,16681,1045],{"class":95},[62,16683,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16697,16699],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16685,1050],{"class":76},[62,16687,8168],{"class":80},[62,16689,259],{"class":76},[62,16691,267],{"class":95},[62,16693,77],{"class":76},[62,16695,16696],{"class":80},"ana123",[62,16698,259],{"class":76},[62,16700,1066],{"class":95},[62,16702,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16716,16718],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,16704,1050],{"class":76},[62,16706,15425],{"class":80},[62,16708,259],{"class":76},[62,16710,267],{"class":95},[62,16712,77],{"class":76},[62,16714,16715],{"class":80},"ana@example.com",[62,16717,259],{"class":76},[62,16719,1066],{"class":95},[62,16721,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,16723,1050],{"class":76},[62,16725,12685],{"class":80},[62,16727,259],{"class":76},[62,16729,267],{"class":95},[62,16731,6615],{"class":1618},[62,16733,16734],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,16735,287],{"class":95},[62,16737,16738],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,16739,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,16741,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,16743,128],{"class":127},[62,16745,131],{"class":95},[62,16747,11752],{"class":139},[62,16749,948],{"class":95},[62,16751,259],{"class":76},[62,16753,15425],{"class":80},[62,16755,259],{"class":76},[62,16757,4088],{"class":95},[14,16759,16760,16761,409],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[262,16762,16764],{"href":16763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16766,16767],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[29,16769,16770,16773,16776],{},[32,16771,16772],{},"labels are not needed",[32,16774,16775],{},"you mostly care about position",[32,16777,16778],{},"order matters more than named fields",[48,16780,1824],{"id":1823},[14,16782,16783],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[29,16785,16786,16789,16792,16795,16798],{},[32,16787,16788],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[32,16790,16791],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[32,16793,16794],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[32,16796,16797],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[32,16799,16800,16801,16803],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16802,3995],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1256,16805,16807],{"id":16806},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16809,16810],{},"Wrong:",[53,16812,16814],{"className":55,"code":16813,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16815,16816],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16817,16818],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16819,16813],{"class":146},[14,16821,16822],{},"Correct:",[53,16824,16826],{"className":55,"code":16825,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16827,16828,16852],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16829,16830,16832,16834,16836,16838,16840,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16831,1040],{"class":68},[62,16833,73],{"class":72},[62,16835,256],{"class":95},[62,16837,259],{"class":76},[62,16839,329],{"class":80},[62,16841,259],{"class":76},[62,16843,267],{"class":95},[62,16845,77],{"class":76},[62,16847,1896],{"class":80},[62,16849,259],{"class":76},[62,16851,287],{"class":95},[62,16853,16854,16856,16858,16860],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16855,128],{"class":127},[62,16857,131],{"class":95},[62,16859,1121],{"class":139},[62,16861,434],{"class":95},[1256,16863,16865],{"id":16864},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16867,16810],{},[53,16869,16871],{"className":55,"code":16870,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16872,16873],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16874,16875],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16876,16870],{"class":146},[14,16878,16879,16880,16882,16883,16885],{},"This only works if ",[18,16881,329],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,16884,1939],{},", use quotes.",[14,16887,16822],{},[53,16889,16890],{"className":55,"code":16825,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,16891,16892,16916],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16893,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16895,1040],{"class":68},[62,16897,73],{"class":72},[62,16899,256],{"class":95},[62,16901,259],{"class":76},[62,16903,329],{"class":80},[62,16905,259],{"class":76},[62,16907,267],{"class":95},[62,16909,77],{"class":76},[62,16911,1896],{"class":80},[62,16913,259],{"class":76},[62,16915,287],{"class":95},[62,16917,16918,16920,16922,16924],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16919,128],{"class":127},[62,16921,131],{"class":95},[62,16923,1121],{"class":139},[62,16925,434],{"class":95},[1256,16927,16929],{"id":16928},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[53,16931,16933],{"className":55,"code":16932,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16934,16935,16967],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16936,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16938,251],{"class":68},[62,16940,73],{"class":72},[62,16942,256],{"class":95},[62,16944,259],{"class":76},[62,16946,1073],{"class":80},[62,16948,259],{"class":76},[62,16950,267],{"class":95},[62,16952,106],{"class":99},[62,16954,103],{"class":95},[62,16956,77],{"class":76},[62,16958,1073],{"class":80},[62,16960,259],{"class":76},[62,16962,267],{"class":95},[62,16964,111],{"class":99},[62,16966,287],{"class":95},[62,16968,16969,16971,16973,16975],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,16970,128],{"class":127},[62,16972,131],{"class":95},[62,16974,367],{"class":139},[62,16976,434],{"class":95},[14,16978,16979],{},[3946,16980,2282],{},[53,16982,16984],{"className":55,"code":16983,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,16985,16986],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,16987,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,16989,9452],{"class":95},[62,16991,3503],{"class":76},[62,16993,1073],{"class":80},[62,16995,3503],{"class":76},[62,16997,267],{"class":95},[62,16999,111],{"class":99},[62,17001,287],{"class":95},[48,17003,17005],{"id":17004},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,17007,17008],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[53,17010,17012],{"className":55,"code":17011,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,17013,17014,17050,17054,17064,17078,17093,17107],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17015,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17017,11895],{"class":68},[62,17019,73],{"class":72},[62,17021,256],{"class":95},[62,17023,259],{"class":76},[62,17025,329],{"class":80},[62,17027,259],{"class":76},[62,17029,267],{"class":95},[62,17031,77],{"class":76},[62,17033,1896],{"class":80},[62,17035,259],{"class":76},[62,17037,103],{"class":95},[62,17039,77],{"class":76},[62,17041,1073],{"class":80},[62,17043,259],{"class":76},[62,17045,267],{"class":95},[62,17047,106],{"class":99},[62,17049,287],{"class":95},[62,17051,17052],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,17053,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,17055,17056,17058,17060,17062],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,17057,128],{"class":127},[62,17059,131],{"class":95},[62,17061,11622],{"class":139},[62,17063,434],{"class":95},[62,17065,17066,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,17067,128],{"class":127},[62,17069,131],{"class":95},[62,17071,1690],{"class":430},[62,17073,131],{"class":95},[62,17075,11622],{"class":139},[62,17077,1013],{"class":95},[62,17079,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17091],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,17081,128],{"class":127},[62,17083,131],{"class":95},[62,17085,11622],{"class":139},[62,17087,409],{"class":95},[62,17089,17090],{"class":139},"keys",[62,17092,7385],{"class":95},[62,17094,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,17096,128],{"class":127},[62,17098,131],{"class":95},[62,17100,11622],{"class":139},[62,17102,409],{"class":95},[62,17104,386],{"class":139},[62,17106,7385],{"class":95},[62,17108,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,17110,128],{"class":127},[62,17112,131],{"class":95},[62,17114,134],{"class":127},[62,17116,131],{"class":95},[62,17118,11622],{"class":139},[62,17120,1013],{"class":95},[14,17122,17123],{},[3946,17124,17125],{},"Example output:",[53,17127,17129],{"className":55,"code":17128,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,17130,17131,17163,17177,17200,17219],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17132,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17134,9452],{"class":95},[62,17136,3503],{"class":76},[62,17138,329],{"class":80},[62,17140,3503],{"class":76},[62,17142,267],{"class":95},[62,17144,3498],{"class":76},[62,17146,1896],{"class":80},[62,17148,3503],{"class":76},[62,17150,103],{"class":95},[62,17152,3498],{"class":76},[62,17154,1073],{"class":80},[62,17156,3503],{"class":76},[62,17158,267],{"class":95},[62,17160,106],{"class":99},[62,17162,287],{"class":95},[62,17164,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173,17175],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,17166,3492],{"class":72},[62,17168,3495],{"class":2276},[62,17170,3498],{"class":76},[62,17172,9001],{"class":80},[62,17174,3503],{"class":76},[62,17176,3506],{"class":72},[62,17178,17179,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,17180,17181],{"class":139},"dict_keys",[62,17183,496],{"class":95},[62,17185,3503],{"class":76},[62,17187,329],{"class":80},[62,17189,3503],{"class":76},[62,17191,103],{"class":95},[62,17193,3498],{"class":76},[62,17195,1073],{"class":80},[62,17197,3503],{"class":76},[62,17199,4088],{"class":95},[62,17201,17202,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,17203,17204],{"class":139},"dict_values",[62,17206,496],{"class":95},[62,17208,3503],{"class":76},[62,17210,1896],{"class":80},[62,17212,3503],{"class":76},[62,17214,103],{"class":95},[62,17216,106],{"class":99},[62,17218,4088],{"class":95},[62,17220,17221],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,17222,17223],{"class":99},"2\n",[14,17225,17226,17227,399,17233,404,17239,409],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[262,17228,10908,17230],{"href":17229},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,17231,17232],{},"keys()",[262,17234,10908,17236],{"href":17235},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,17237,17238],{},"values()",[262,17240,10908,17242],{"href":17241},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,17243,17244],{},"items()",[48,17246,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,17248,17250],{"id":17249},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17252,169,17253,2022,17255,17257],{},[18,17254,3995],{},[18,17256,9300],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1256,17259,17261],{"id":17260},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17263,17264,17265,409],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,17266,17267],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1256,17269,17271],{"id":17270},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17273,17274],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1256,17276,17278],{"id":17277},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17280,17281],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1256,17283,5378,17285,1940,17287,632],{"id":17284},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,17286,3995],{},[18,17288,9300],{},[14,17290,17291,17293,17294,17296],{},[18,17292,3995],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,17295,9300],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[48,17298,2109],{"id":2108},[29,17300,17301,17305,17311,17315,17321],{},[32,17302,17303],{},[262,17304,408],{"href":407},[32,17306,17307],{},[262,17308,10908,17309,10912],{"href":10907},[18,17310,10911],{},[32,17312,17313],{},[262,17314,11423],{"href":10902},[32,17316,17317],{},[262,17318,17320],{"href":17319},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[32,17322,17323],{},[262,17324,11434],{"href":11246},[14,17326,17327],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2145,17329,17330],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":17332},[17333,17334,17335,17336,17339,17342,17347,17348,17353,17354,17359,17360,17368],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":15329,"depth":87,"text":15330},{"id":15347,"depth":87,"text":15335},{"id":15431,"depth":87,"text":15432,"children":17337},[17338],{"id":15583,"depth":117,"text":15584},{"id":9574,"depth":87,"text":9575,"children":17340},[17341],{"id":15762,"depth":117,"text":15763},{"id":15875,"depth":87,"text":17343,"children":17344},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17345],{"id":16002,"depth":117,"text":17346},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9616,"depth":87,"text":9617},{"id":16356,"depth":87,"text":16357,"children":17349},[17350,17351,17352],{"id":16377,"depth":117,"text":16378},{"id":16479,"depth":117,"text":16480},{"id":16560,"depth":117,"text":16561},{"id":16646,"depth":87,"text":16647},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":17355},[17356,17357,17358],{"id":16806,"depth":117,"text":16807},{"id":16864,"depth":117,"text":16865},{"id":16928,"depth":117,"text":16929},{"id":17004,"depth":87,"text":17005},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":17361},[17362,17363,17364,17365,17366],{"id":17249,"depth":117,"text":17250},{"id":17260,"depth":117,"text":17261},{"id":17270,"depth":117,"text":17271},{"id":17277,"depth":117,"text":17278},{"id":17284,"depth":117,"text":17367},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15172,"description":17369},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17375,"title":17376,"body":17377,"description":19824,"extension":2174,"meta":19825,"navigation":120,"path":19826,"seo":19827,"stem":19828,"__hash__":19829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17378,"toc":19780},[17379,17385,17391,17394,17397,17399,17480,17486,17491,17495,17513,17525,17530,17534,17557,17561,17573,17581,17585,17591,17593,17596,17669,17671,17716,17718,17735,17740,17746,17751,17824,17826,17871,17874,17885,17887,18006,18008,18061,18068,18072,18075,18092,18098,18102,18200,18202,18254,18261,18265,18271,18274,18277,18304,18309,18313,18316,18420,18422,18467,18470,18473,18478,18483,18494,18496,18557,18617,18623,18631,18637,18642,18647,18707,18711,18778,18781,18785,18856,18859,18872,18879,18881,18885,18889,18960,18962,18999,19002,19005,19068,19075,19078,19120,19130,19133,19202,19208,19213,19297,19299,19348,19355,19361,19406,19408,19441,19446,19450,19456,19495,19539,19607,19650,19652,19658,19661,19665,19670,19674,19677,19681,19683,19744,19746,19772,19777],[10,17380,11490,17382,11494],{"id":17381},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,17383,17384],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17386,17387,17390],{},[18,17388,17389],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17392,17393],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17395,17396],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[48,17398,51],{"id":50},[53,17400,17402],{"className":55,"code":17401,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,17403,17404,17437,17465,17475],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17405,17406,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17407,17408],{"class":68},"keys ",[62,17410,73],{"class":72},[62,17412,96],{"class":95},[62,17414,259],{"class":76},[62,17416,329],{"class":80},[62,17418,259],{"class":76},[62,17420,103],{"class":95},[62,17422,77],{"class":76},[62,17424,1073],{"class":80},[62,17426,259],{"class":76},[62,17428,103],{"class":95},[62,17430,77],{"class":76},[62,17432,10581],{"class":80},[62,17434,259],{"class":76},[62,17436,114],{"class":95},[62,17438,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17461,17463],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,17440,1879],{"class":68},[62,17442,73],{"class":72},[62,17444,1752],{"class":430},[62,17446,409],{"class":95},[62,17448,17449],{"class":139},"fromkeys",[62,17451,131],{"class":95},[62,17453,17090],{"class":139},[62,17455,103],{"class":95},[62,17457,77],{"class":76},[62,17459,17460],{"class":80},"unknown",[62,17462,259],{"class":76},[62,17464,434],{"class":95},[62,17466,17467,17469,17471,17473],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,17468,128],{"class":127},[62,17470,131],{"class":95},[62,17472,1925],{"class":139},[62,17474,434],{"class":95},[62,17476,17477],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,17478,17479],{"class":146},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17481,169,17482,17485],{},[18,17483,17484],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[48,17487,3879,17489,3882],{"id":17488},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17490,17389],{},[14,17492,17493,267],{},[18,17494,17389],{},[29,17496,17497,17500,17503,17506],{},[32,17498,17499],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[32,17501,17502],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[32,17504,17505],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[32,17507,17508,17509,17512],{},"Is called as ",[18,17510,17511],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17514,17515,17516,17518,17519,17521,17522,409],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17517,9001],{},", so you write ",[18,17520,17511],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17523,17524],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17526,17527,17528,409],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[262,17529,408],{"href":13193},[48,17531,17533],{"id":17532},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[53,17535,17537],{"className":55,"code":17536,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17538,17539],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17540,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17542,9001],{"class":430},[62,17544,409],{"class":95},[62,17546,17449],{"class":139},[62,17548,131],{"class":95},[62,17550,3923],{"class":139},[62,17552,103],{"class":95},[62,17554,8612],{"class":139},[62,17556,434],{"class":95},[1256,17558,17560],{"id":17559},"parameters","Parameters",[29,17562,17563,17568],{},[32,17564,17565,17567],{},[18,17566,3923],{},": the keys to use",[32,17569,17570,17572],{},[18,17571,1632],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17574,17575,17576,17578,17579,409],{},"If you leave out ",[18,17577,1632],{},", each key gets ",[18,17580,1548],{},[1256,17582,17584],{"id":17583},"return-value","Return value",[14,17586,17587,17588,409],{},"It returns a ",[3946,17589,17590],{},"new dictionary",[48,17592,5983],{"id":5982},[14,17594,17595],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[53,17597,17599],{"className":55,"code":17598,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,17600,17601,17633,17655,17659],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17602,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17604,17408],{"class":68},[62,17606,73],{"class":72},[62,17608,96],{"class":95},[62,17610,259],{"class":76},[62,17612,797],{"class":80},[62,17614,259],{"class":76},[62,17616,103],{"class":95},[62,17618,77],{"class":76},[62,17620,806],{"class":80},[62,17622,259],{"class":76},[62,17624,103],{"class":95},[62,17626,77],{"class":76},[62,17628,815],{"class":80},[62,17630,259],{"class":76},[62,17632,114],{"class":95},[62,17634,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,17636,788],{"class":68},[62,17638,73],{"class":72},[62,17640,1752],{"class":430},[62,17642,409],{"class":95},[62,17644,17449],{"class":139},[62,17646,131],{"class":95},[62,17648,17090],{"class":139},[62,17650,103],{"class":95},[62,17652,1228],{"class":99},[62,17654,434],{"class":95},[62,17656,17657],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,17658,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,17660,17661,17663,17665,17667],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,17662,128],{"class":127},[62,17664,131],{"class":95},[62,17666,832],{"class":139},[62,17668,434],{"class":95},[14,17670,2282],{},[53,17672,17674],{"className":55,"code":17673,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17675,17676],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17677,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17679,9452],{"class":95},[62,17681,3503],{"class":76},[62,17683,797],{"class":80},[62,17685,3503],{"class":76},[62,17687,267],{"class":95},[62,17689,1228],{"class":99},[62,17691,103],{"class":95},[62,17693,3498],{"class":76},[62,17695,806],{"class":80},[62,17697,3503],{"class":76},[62,17699,267],{"class":95},[62,17701,1228],{"class":99},[62,17703,103],{"class":95},[62,17705,3498],{"class":76},[62,17707,815],{"class":80},[62,17709,3503],{"class":76},[62,17711,267],{"class":95},[62,17713,1228],{"class":99},[62,17715,287],{"class":95},[14,17717,11854],{},[29,17719,17720,17725,17730],{},[32,17721,17722,17724],{},[18,17723,17090],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[32,17726,17727,17729],{},[18,17728,665],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[32,17731,17732,17734],{},[18,17733,17389],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17736,17737,17738,409],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[262,17739,9564],{"href":13196},[48,17741,1834,17743,17745],{"id":17742},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17744,17384],{}," without a value",[14,17747,17748,17749,409],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17750,1548],{},[53,17752,17754],{"className":55,"code":17753,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17755,17756,17789,17809,17813],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17757,17758,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17759,17760],{"class":68},"fields ",[62,17762,73],{"class":72},[62,17764,96],{"class":95},[62,17766,259],{"class":76},[62,17768,8168],{"class":80},[62,17770,259],{"class":76},[62,17772,103],{"class":95},[62,17774,77],{"class":76},[62,17776,15425],{"class":80},[62,17778,259],{"class":76},[62,17780,103],{"class":95},[62,17782,77],{"class":76},[62,17784,1402],{"class":80},[62,17786,259],{"class":76},[62,17788,114],{"class":95},[62,17790,17791,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17807],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,17792,17793],{"class":68},"user_data ",[62,17795,73],{"class":72},[62,17797,1752],{"class":430},[62,17799,409],{"class":95},[62,17801,17449],{"class":139},[62,17803,131],{"class":95},[62,17805,17806],{"class":139},"fields",[62,17808,434],{"class":95},[62,17810,17811],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,17812,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,17814,17815,17817,17819,17822],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,17816,128],{"class":127},[62,17818,131],{"class":95},[62,17820,17821],{"class":139},"user_data",[62,17823,434],{"class":95},[14,17825,2282],{},[53,17827,17829],{"className":55,"code":17828,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17830,17831],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17832,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17834,9452],{"class":95},[62,17836,3503],{"class":76},[62,17838,8168],{"class":80},[62,17840,3503],{"class":76},[62,17842,267],{"class":95},[62,17844,1797],{"class":1618},[62,17846,103],{"class":95},[62,17848,3498],{"class":76},[62,17850,15425],{"class":80},[62,17852,3503],{"class":76},[62,17854,267],{"class":95},[62,17856,1797],{"class":1618},[62,17858,103],{"class":95},[62,17860,3498],{"class":76},[62,17862,1402],{"class":80},[62,17864,3503],{"class":76},[62,17866,267],{"class":95},[62,17868,1797],{"class":1618},[62,17870,287],{"class":95},[14,17872,17873],{},"This is useful when:",[29,17875,17876,17879,17882],{},[32,17877,17878],{},"You want to create the keys first",[32,17880,17881],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[32,17883,17884],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17886,201],{},[53,17888,17890],{"className":55,"code":17889,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17891,17892,17924,17942,17946,17969,17992,17996],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,17893,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,17895,17760],{"class":68},[62,17897,73],{"class":72},[62,17899,96],{"class":95},[62,17901,259],{"class":76},[62,17903,8168],{"class":80},[62,17905,259],{"class":76},[62,17907,103],{"class":95},[62,17909,77],{"class":76},[62,17911,15425],{"class":80},[62,17913,259],{"class":76},[62,17915,103],{"class":95},[62,17917,77],{"class":76},[62,17919,1402],{"class":80},[62,17921,259],{"class":76},[62,17923,114],{"class":95},[62,17925,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,17927,17793],{"class":68},[62,17929,73],{"class":72},[62,17931,1752],{"class":430},[62,17933,409],{"class":95},[62,17935,17449],{"class":139},[62,17937,131],{"class":95},[62,17939,17806],{"class":139},[62,17941,434],{"class":95},[62,17943,17944],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,17945,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,17947,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17967],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,17949,17821],{"class":68},[62,17951,948],{"class":95},[62,17953,259],{"class":76},[62,17955,8168],{"class":80},[62,17957,259],{"class":76},[62,17959,13440],{"class":95},[62,17961,13443],{"class":72},[62,17963,77],{"class":76},[62,17965,17966],{"class":80},"alice",[62,17968,84],{"class":76},[62,17970,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17990],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,17972,17821],{"class":68},[62,17974,948],{"class":95},[62,17976,259],{"class":76},[62,17978,15425],{"class":80},[62,17980,259],{"class":76},[62,17982,13440],{"class":95},[62,17984,13443],{"class":72},[62,17986,77],{"class":76},[62,17988,17989],{"class":80},"alice@example.com",[62,17991,84],{"class":76},[62,17993,17994],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,17995,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,17997,17998,18000,18002,18004],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,17999,128],{"class":127},[62,18001,131],{"class":95},[62,18003,17821],{"class":139},[62,18005,434],{"class":95},[14,18007,2282],{},[53,18009,18011],{"className":55,"code":18010,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,18012,18013],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18014,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18016,9452],{"class":95},[62,18018,3503],{"class":76},[62,18020,8168],{"class":80},[62,18022,3503],{"class":76},[62,18024,267],{"class":95},[62,18026,3498],{"class":76},[62,18028,17966],{"class":80},[62,18030,3503],{"class":76},[62,18032,103],{"class":95},[62,18034,3498],{"class":76},[62,18036,15425],{"class":80},[62,18038,3503],{"class":76},[62,18040,267],{"class":95},[62,18042,3498],{"class":76},[62,18044,17989],{"class":80},[62,18046,3503],{"class":76},[62,18048,103],{"class":95},[62,18050,3498],{"class":76},[62,18052,1402],{"class":80},[62,18054,3503],{"class":76},[62,18056,267],{"class":95},[62,18058,1797],{"class":1618},[62,18060,287],{"class":95},[14,18062,18063,18064,409],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[262,18065,18067],{"href":18066},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[48,18069,18071],{"id":18070},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18073,18074],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[29,18076,18077,18082,18087],{},[32,18078,18079,18081],{},[18,18080,3990],{}," (list)",[32,18083,18084,18086],{},[18,18085,3995],{}," (dictionary)",[32,18088,18089,18091],{},[18,18090,4000],{}," (set)",[14,18093,18094,18095,409],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3946,18096,18097],{},"same object",[1256,18099,18101],{"id":18100},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[53,18103,18105],{"className":55,"code":18104,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18106,18107,18139,18160,18164,18186,18190],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18108,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18110,17408],{"class":68},[62,18112,73],{"class":72},[62,18114,96],{"class":95},[62,18116,259],{"class":76},[62,18118,262],{"class":80},[62,18120,259],{"class":76},[62,18122,103],{"class":95},[62,18124,77],{"class":76},[62,18126,277],{"class":80},[62,18128,259],{"class":76},[62,18130,103],{"class":95},[62,18132,77],{"class":76},[62,18134,9912],{"class":80},[62,18136,259],{"class":76},[62,18138,114],{"class":95},[62,18140,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,18142,251],{"class":68},[62,18144,73],{"class":72},[62,18146,1752],{"class":430},[62,18148,409],{"class":95},[62,18150,17449],{"class":139},[62,18152,131],{"class":95},[62,18154,17090],{"class":139},[62,18156,103],{"class":95},[62,18158,18159],{"class":95}," [])\n",[62,18161,18162],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,18163,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,18165,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,18167,367],{"class":68},[62,18169,948],{"class":95},[62,18171,259],{"class":76},[62,18173,262],{"class":80},[62,18175,259],{"class":76},[62,18177,13717],{"class":95},[62,18179,13720],{"class":139},[62,18181,131],{"class":95},[62,18183,499],{"class":99},[62,18185,434],{"class":95},[62,18187,18188],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,18189,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,18191,18192,18194,18196,18198],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,18193,128],{"class":127},[62,18195,131],{"class":95},[62,18197,367],{"class":139},[62,18199,434],{"class":95},[14,18201,2282],{},[53,18203,18205],{"className":55,"code":18204,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,18206,18207],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18208,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18210,9452],{"class":95},[62,18212,3503],{"class":76},[62,18214,262],{"class":80},[62,18216,3503],{"class":76},[62,18218,267],{"class":95},[62,18220,96],{"class":95},[62,18222,499],{"class":99},[62,18224,18225],{"class":95},"],",[62,18227,3498],{"class":76},[62,18229,277],{"class":80},[62,18231,3503],{"class":76},[62,18233,267],{"class":95},[62,18235,96],{"class":95},[62,18237,499],{"class":99},[62,18239,18225],{"class":95},[62,18241,3498],{"class":76},[62,18243,9912],{"class":80},[62,18245,3503],{"class":76},[62,18247,267],{"class":95},[62,18249,96],{"class":95},[62,18251,499],{"class":99},[62,18253,13872],{"class":95},[14,18255,18256,18257,18260],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,18258,18259],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1256,18262,18264],{"id":18263},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18266,18267,18270],{},[18,18268,18269],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18272,18273],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18275,18276],{},"So this:",[53,18278,18280],{"className":55,"code":18279,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,18281,18282],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18283,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18285,367],{"class":68},[62,18287,948],{"class":95},[62,18289,259],{"class":76},[62,18291,262],{"class":80},[62,18293,259],{"class":76},[62,18295,13717],{"class":95},[62,18297,13720],{"class":139},[62,18299,131],{"class":95},[62,18301,499],{"class":99},[62,18303,434],{"class":95},[14,18305,18306,18307,409],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,18308,18259],{},[1256,18310,18312],{"id":18311},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18314,18315],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[53,18317,18319],{"className":55,"code":18318,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18320,18321,18353,18380,18384,18406,18410],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18322,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18324,17408],{"class":68},[62,18326,73],{"class":72},[62,18328,96],{"class":95},[62,18330,259],{"class":76},[62,18332,262],{"class":80},[62,18334,259],{"class":76},[62,18336,103],{"class":95},[62,18338,77],{"class":76},[62,18340,277],{"class":80},[62,18342,259],{"class":76},[62,18344,103],{"class":95},[62,18346,77],{"class":76},[62,18348,9912],{"class":80},[62,18350,259],{"class":76},[62,18352,114],{"class":95},[62,18354,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18368,18370,18373,18375,18378],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,18356,251],{"class":68},[62,18358,73],{"class":72},[62,18360,256],{"class":95},[62,18362,15008],{"class":68},[62,18364,267],{"class":95},[62,18366,18367],{"class":95}," []",[62,18369,4076],{"class":729},[62,18371,18372],{"class":68}," key ",[62,18374,4082],{"class":729},[62,18376,18377],{"class":68}," keys",[62,18379,287],{"class":95},[62,18381,18382],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,18383,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,18385,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,18387,367],{"class":68},[62,18389,948],{"class":95},[62,18391,259],{"class":76},[62,18393,262],{"class":80},[62,18395,259],{"class":76},[62,18397,13717],{"class":95},[62,18399,13720],{"class":139},[62,18401,131],{"class":95},[62,18403,499],{"class":99},[62,18405,434],{"class":95},[62,18407,18408],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,18409,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,18411,18412,18414,18416,18418],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,18413,128],{"class":127},[62,18415,131],{"class":95},[62,18417,367],{"class":139},[62,18419,434],{"class":95},[14,18421,2282],{},[53,18423,18425],{"className":55,"code":18424,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18426,18427],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18428,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18430,9452],{"class":95},[62,18432,3503],{"class":76},[62,18434,262],{"class":80},[62,18436,3503],{"class":76},[62,18438,267],{"class":95},[62,18440,96],{"class":95},[62,18442,499],{"class":99},[62,18444,18225],{"class":95},[62,18446,3498],{"class":76},[62,18448,277],{"class":80},[62,18450,3503],{"class":76},[62,18452,267],{"class":95},[62,18454,18455],{"class":95}," [],",[62,18457,3498],{"class":76},[62,18459,9912],{"class":80},[62,18461,3503],{"class":76},[62,18463,267],{"class":95},[62,18465,18466],{"class":95}," []}\n",[14,18468,18469],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18471,18472],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[48,18474,5160,18476],{"id":18475},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18477,17384],{},[14,18479,18480,18482],{},[18,18481,17389],{}," is a good choice when:",[29,18484,18485,18488,18491],{},[32,18486,18487],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[32,18489,18490],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[32,18492,18493],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18495,2337],{},[53,18497,18499],{"className":55,"code":18498,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18500,18501,18546],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18502,18503,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18538,18540,18542,18544],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18504,18505],{"class":68},"flags ",[62,18507,73],{"class":72},[62,18509,1752],{"class":430},[62,18511,409],{"class":95},[62,18513,17449],{"class":139},[62,18515,496],{"class":95},[62,18517,259],{"class":76},[62,18519,18520],{"class":80},"is_admin",[62,18522,259],{"class":76},[62,18524,103],{"class":95},[62,18526,77],{"class":76},[62,18528,15246],{"class":80},[62,18530,259],{"class":76},[62,18532,103],{"class":95},[62,18534,77],{"class":76},[62,18536,18537],{"class":80},"is_verified",[62,18539,259],{"class":76},[62,18541,18225],{"class":95},[62,18543,4106],{"class":1618},[62,18545,434],{"class":95},[62,18547,18548,18550,18552,18555],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,18549,128],{"class":127},[62,18551,131],{"class":95},[62,18553,18554],{"class":139},"flags",[62,18556,434],{"class":95},[53,18558,18560],{"className":55,"code":18559,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,18561,18562,18607],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18563,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18581,18583,18585,18587,18590,18592,18594,18596,18599,18601,18603,18605],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18565,969],{"class":68},[62,18567,73],{"class":72},[62,18569,1752],{"class":430},[62,18571,409],{"class":95},[62,18573,17449],{"class":139},[62,18575,496],{"class":95},[62,18577,259],{"class":76},[62,18579,18580],{"class":80},"math",[62,18582,259],{"class":76},[62,18584,103],{"class":95},[62,18586,77],{"class":76},[62,18588,18589],{"class":80},"science",[62,18591,259],{"class":76},[62,18593,103],{"class":95},[62,18595,77],{"class":76},[62,18597,18598],{"class":80},"history",[62,18600,259],{"class":76},[62,18602,18225],{"class":95},[62,18604,1228],{"class":99},[62,18606,434],{"class":95},[62,18608,18609,18611,18613,18615],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,18610,128],{"class":127},[62,18612,131],{"class":95},[62,18614,1010],{"class":139},[62,18616,434],{"class":95},[14,18618,18619,18620,18622],{},"It is ",[3946,18621,4830],{}," the best choice when:",[29,18624,18625,18628],{},[32,18626,18627],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[32,18629,18630],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[48,18632,18634,18636],{"id":18633},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,18635,17384],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18638,18639,18641],{},[18,18640,17384],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1256,18643,1834,18645],{"id":18644},"using-fromkeys",[18,18646,17384],{},[53,18648,18650],{"className":55,"code":18649,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18651,18652,18697],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18653,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18671,18673,18675,18677,18680,18682,18684,18686,18689,18691,18693,18695],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18655,13992],{"class":68},[62,18657,73],{"class":72},[62,18659,1752],{"class":430},[62,18661,409],{"class":95},[62,18663,17449],{"class":139},[62,18665,496],{"class":95},[62,18667,259],{"class":76},[62,18669,18670],{"class":80},"sound",[62,18672,259],{"class":76},[62,18674,103],{"class":95},[62,18676,77],{"class":76},[62,18678,18679],{"class":80},"music",[62,18681,259],{"class":76},[62,18683,103],{"class":95},[62,18685,77],{"class":76},[62,18687,18688],{"class":80},"notifications",[62,18690,259],{"class":76},[62,18692,18225],{"class":95},[62,18694,4115],{"class":1618},[62,18696,434],{"class":95},[62,18698,18699,18701,18703,18705],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,18700,128],{"class":127},[62,18702,131],{"class":95},[62,18704,14051],{"class":139},[62,18706,434],{"class":95},[1256,18708,18710],{"id":18709},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[53,18712,18714],{"className":55,"code":18713,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18715,18716,18724,18738,18752,18764,18768],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18717,18718,18720,18722],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18719,13992],{"class":68},[62,18721,73],{"class":72},[62,18723,1045],{"class":95},[62,18725,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,18727,1050],{"class":76},[62,18729,18670],{"class":80},[62,18731,259],{"class":76},[62,18733,267],{"class":95},[62,18735,4115],{"class":1618},[62,18737,1066],{"class":95},[62,18739,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,18741,1050],{"class":76},[62,18743,18679],{"class":80},[62,18745,259],{"class":76},[62,18747,267],{"class":95},[62,18749,4106],{"class":1618},[62,18751,1066],{"class":95},[62,18753,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,18755,1050],{"class":76},[62,18757,18688],{"class":80},[62,18759,259],{"class":76},[62,18761,267],{"class":95},[62,18763,6615],{"class":1618},[62,18765,18766],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,18767,287],{"class":95},[62,18769,18770,18772,18774,18776],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,18771,128],{"class":127},[62,18773,131],{"class":95},[62,18775,14051],{"class":139},[62,18777,434],{"class":95},[14,18779,18780],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1256,18782,18784],{"id":18783},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[53,18786,18788],{"className":55,"code":18787,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18789,18790,18822,18846],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18791,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18793,17408],{"class":68},[62,18795,73],{"class":72},[62,18797,96],{"class":95},[62,18799,259],{"class":76},[62,18801,262],{"class":80},[62,18803,259],{"class":76},[62,18805,103],{"class":95},[62,18807,77],{"class":76},[62,18809,277],{"class":80},[62,18811,259],{"class":76},[62,18813,103],{"class":95},[62,18815,77],{"class":76},[62,18817,9912],{"class":80},[62,18819,259],{"class":76},[62,18821,114],{"class":95},[62,18823,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,18825,251],{"class":68},[62,18827,73],{"class":72},[62,18829,256],{"class":95},[62,18831,15008],{"class":68},[62,18833,267],{"class":95},[62,18835,18367],{"class":95},[62,18837,4076],{"class":729},[62,18839,18372],{"class":68},[62,18841,4082],{"class":729},[62,18843,18377],{"class":68},[62,18845,287],{"class":95},[62,18847,18848,18850,18852,18854],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,18849,128],{"class":127},[62,18851,131],{"class":95},[62,18853,367],{"class":139},[62,18855,434],{"class":95},[14,18857,18858],{},"Use:",[29,18860,18861,18866,18869],{},[32,18862,18863,18865],{},[18,18864,17384],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[32,18867,18868],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[32,18870,18871],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18873,18874,18875,409],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[262,18876,10908,18877,10912],{"href":14199},[18,18878,15121],{},[48,18880,1824],{"id":1823},[14,18882,14900,18883,409],{},[18,18884,17389],{},[1256,18886,18888],{"id":18887},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[53,18890,18892],{"className":55,"code":18891,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18893,18894,18927,18950],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18895,18896,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18897,18898],{"class":68},"d ",[62,18900,73],{"class":72},[62,18902,1752],{"class":430},[62,18904,409],{"class":95},[62,18906,17449],{"class":139},[62,18908,496],{"class":95},[62,18910,259],{"class":76},[62,18912,262],{"class":80},[62,18914,259],{"class":76},[62,18916,103],{"class":95},[62,18918,77],{"class":76},[62,18920,277],{"class":80},[62,18922,259],{"class":76},[62,18924,18225],{"class":95},[62,18926,18159],{"class":95},[62,18928,18929,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,18930,18931],{"class":68},"d",[62,18933,948],{"class":95},[62,18935,259],{"class":76},[62,18937,262],{"class":80},[62,18939,259],{"class":76},[62,18941,13717],{"class":95},[62,18943,13720],{"class":139},[62,18945,131],{"class":95},[62,18947,499],{"class":99},[62,18949,434],{"class":95},[62,18951,18952,18954,18956,18958],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,18953,128],{"class":127},[62,18955,131],{"class":95},[62,18957,18931],{"class":139},[62,18959,434],{"class":95},[14,18961,2282],{},[53,18963,18965],{"className":55,"code":18964,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,18966,18967],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,18968,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,18970,9452],{"class":95},[62,18972,3503],{"class":76},[62,18974,262],{"class":80},[62,18976,3503],{"class":76},[62,18978,267],{"class":95},[62,18980,96],{"class":95},[62,18982,499],{"class":99},[62,18984,18225],{"class":95},[62,18986,3498],{"class":76},[62,18988,277],{"class":80},[62,18990,3503],{"class":76},[62,18992,267],{"class":95},[62,18994,96],{"class":95},[62,18996,499],{"class":99},[62,18998,13872],{"class":95},[14,19000,19001],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,19003,19004],{},"Use this instead:",[53,19006,19008],{"className":55,"code":19007,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,19009,19010,19034,19058],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19013,17408],{"class":68},[62,19015,73],{"class":72},[62,19017,96],{"class":95},[62,19019,259],{"class":76},[62,19021,262],{"class":80},[62,19023,259],{"class":76},[62,19025,103],{"class":95},[62,19027,77],{"class":76},[62,19029,277],{"class":80},[62,19031,259],{"class":76},[62,19033,114],{"class":95},[62,19035,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19037,18898],{"class":68},[62,19039,73],{"class":72},[62,19041,256],{"class":95},[62,19043,15008],{"class":68},[62,19045,267],{"class":95},[62,19047,18367],{"class":95},[62,19049,4076],{"class":729},[62,19051,18372],{"class":68},[62,19053,4082],{"class":729},[62,19055,18377],{"class":68},[62,19057,287],{"class":95},[62,19059,19060,19062,19064,19066],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,19061,128],{"class":127},[62,19063,131],{"class":95},[62,19065,18931],{"class":139},[62,19067,434],{"class":95},[1256,19069,19071,19072,19074],{"id":19070},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,19073,17384],{}," on a list",[14,19076,19077],{},"Wrong idea:",[53,19079,19081],{"className":55,"code":19080,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,19082,19083,19115],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19084,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19086,17408],{"class":68},[62,19088,73],{"class":72},[62,19090,96],{"class":95},[62,19092,259],{"class":76},[62,19094,262],{"class":80},[62,19096,259],{"class":76},[62,19098,103],{"class":95},[62,19100,77],{"class":76},[62,19102,277],{"class":80},[62,19104,259],{"class":76},[62,19106,103],{"class":95},[62,19108,77],{"class":76},[62,19110,9912],{"class":80},[62,19112,259],{"class":76},[62,19114,114],{"class":95},[62,19116,19117],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19118,19119],{"class":146},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19121,19122,19124,19125,19127,19128,409],{},[18,19123,17384],{}," belongs to ",[18,19126,9001],{},", not ",[18,19129,8276],{},[14,19131,19132],{},"Correct usage:",[53,19134,19136],{"className":55,"code":19135,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19137,19138,19170,19192],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19139,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19141,17408],{"class":68},[62,19143,73],{"class":72},[62,19145,96],{"class":95},[62,19147,259],{"class":76},[62,19149,262],{"class":80},[62,19151,259],{"class":76},[62,19153,103],{"class":95},[62,19155,77],{"class":76},[62,19157,277],{"class":80},[62,19159,259],{"class":76},[62,19161,103],{"class":95},[62,19163,77],{"class":76},[62,19165,9912],{"class":80},[62,19167,259],{"class":76},[62,19169,114],{"class":95},[62,19171,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19173,18898],{"class":68},[62,19175,73],{"class":72},[62,19177,1752],{"class":430},[62,19179,409],{"class":95},[62,19181,17449],{"class":139},[62,19183,131],{"class":95},[62,19185,17090],{"class":139},[62,19187,103],{"class":95},[62,19189,1228],{"class":99},[62,19191,434],{"class":95},[62,19193,19194,19196,19198,19200],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,19195,128],{"class":127},[62,19197,131],{"class":95},[62,19199,18931],{"class":139},[62,19201,434],{"class":95},[1256,19203,8631,19205,19207],{"id":19204},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19206,17384],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19209,19210,19212],{},[18,19211,17389],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[53,19214,19216],{"className":55,"code":19215,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,19217,19218,19238,19272,19276,19286],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19219,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19221,12257],{"class":68},[62,19223,73],{"class":72},[62,19225,256],{"class":95},[62,19227,259],{"class":76},[62,19229,552],{"class":80},[62,19231,259],{"class":76},[62,19233,267],{"class":95},[62,19235,270],{"class":99},[62,19237,287],{"class":95},[62,19239,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19241,13208],{"class":68},[62,19243,73],{"class":72},[62,19245,1752],{"class":430},[62,19247,409],{"class":95},[62,19249,17449],{"class":139},[62,19251,496],{"class":95},[62,19253,259],{"class":76},[62,19255,262],{"class":80},[62,19257,259],{"class":76},[62,19259,103],{"class":95},[62,19261,77],{"class":76},[62,19263,277],{"class":80},[62,19265,259],{"class":76},[62,19267,18225],{"class":95},[62,19269,1228],{"class":99},[62,19271,434],{"class":95},[62,19273,19274],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,19275,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,19277,19278,19280,19282,19284],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,19279,128],{"class":127},[62,19281,131],{"class":95},[62,19283,12304],{"class":139},[62,19285,434],{"class":95},[62,19287,19288,19290,19292,19295],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,19289,128],{"class":127},[62,19291,131],{"class":95},[62,19293,19294],{"class":139},"new_dict",[62,19296,434],{"class":95},[14,19298,2282],{},[53,19300,19302],{"className":55,"code":19301,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,19303,19304,19320],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19305,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19307,9452],{"class":95},[62,19309,3503],{"class":76},[62,19311,552],{"class":80},[62,19313,3503],{"class":76},[62,19315,267],{"class":95},[62,19317,270],{"class":99},[62,19319,287],{"class":95},[62,19321,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19323,9452],{"class":95},[62,19325,3503],{"class":76},[62,19327,262],{"class":80},[62,19329,3503],{"class":76},[62,19331,267],{"class":95},[62,19333,1228],{"class":99},[62,19335,103],{"class":95},[62,19337,3498],{"class":76},[62,19339,277],{"class":80},[62,19341,3503],{"class":76},[62,19343,267],{"class":95},[62,19345,1228],{"class":99},[62,19347,287],{"class":95},[14,19349,19350,19351,409],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[262,19352,10908,19353,10912],{"href":14199},[18,19354,15121],{},[1256,19356,19358,19359],{"id":19357},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,19360,1548],{},[53,19362,19364],{"className":55,"code":19363,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,19365,19366,19396],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19367,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19369,18898],{"class":68},[62,19371,73],{"class":72},[62,19373,1752],{"class":430},[62,19375,409],{"class":95},[62,19377,17449],{"class":139},[62,19379,496],{"class":95},[62,19381,259],{"class":76},[62,19383,552],{"class":80},[62,19385,259],{"class":76},[62,19387,103],{"class":95},[62,19389,77],{"class":76},[62,19391,11916],{"class":80},[62,19393,259],{"class":76},[62,19395,4088],{"class":95},[62,19397,19398,19400,19402,19404],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19399,128],{"class":127},[62,19401,131],{"class":95},[62,19403,18931],{"class":139},[62,19405,434],{"class":95},[14,19407,2282],{},[53,19409,19411],{"className":55,"code":19410,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19412,19413],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19414,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19416,9452],{"class":95},[62,19418,3503],{"class":76},[62,19420,552],{"class":80},[62,19422,3503],{"class":76},[62,19424,267],{"class":95},[62,19426,1797],{"class":1618},[62,19428,103],{"class":95},[62,19430,3498],{"class":76},[62,19432,11916],{"class":80},[62,19434,3503],{"class":76},[62,19436,267],{"class":95},[62,19438,1797],{"class":1618},[62,19440,287],{"class":95},[14,19442,19443,19444,409],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19445,1548],{},[48,19447,19449],{"id":19448},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19451,19452,19453,19455],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19454,17384],{}," works.",[53,19457,19459],{"className":55,"code":19458,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19460,19461],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19462,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19464,128],{"class":127},[62,19466,131],{"class":95},[62,19468,9001],{"class":430},[62,19470,409],{"class":95},[62,19472,17449],{"class":139},[62,19474,496],{"class":95},[62,19476,259],{"class":76},[62,19478,262],{"class":80},[62,19480,259],{"class":76},[62,19482,103],{"class":95},[62,19484,77],{"class":76},[62,19486,277],{"class":80},[62,19488,259],{"class":76},[62,19490,18225],{"class":95},[62,19492,1228],{"class":99},[62,19494,1013],{"class":95},[53,19496,19497],{"className":55,"code":19363,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,19498,19499,19529],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19500,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19502,18898],{"class":68},[62,19504,73],{"class":72},[62,19506,1752],{"class":430},[62,19508,409],{"class":95},[62,19510,17449],{"class":139},[62,19512,496],{"class":95},[62,19514,259],{"class":76},[62,19516,552],{"class":80},[62,19518,259],{"class":76},[62,19520,103],{"class":95},[62,19522,77],{"class":76},[62,19524,11916],{"class":80},[62,19526,259],{"class":76},[62,19528,4088],{"class":95},[62,19530,19531,19533,19535,19537],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19532,128],{"class":127},[62,19534,131],{"class":95},[62,19536,18931],{"class":139},[62,19538,434],{"class":95},[53,19540,19541],{"className":55,"code":18891,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,19542,19543,19575,19597],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19544,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19546,18898],{"class":68},[62,19548,73],{"class":72},[62,19550,1752],{"class":430},[62,19552,409],{"class":95},[62,19554,17449],{"class":139},[62,19556,496],{"class":95},[62,19558,259],{"class":76},[62,19560,262],{"class":80},[62,19562,259],{"class":76},[62,19564,103],{"class":95},[62,19566,77],{"class":76},[62,19568,277],{"class":80},[62,19570,259],{"class":76},[62,19572,18225],{"class":95},[62,19574,18159],{"class":95},[62,19576,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19578,18931],{"class":68},[62,19580,948],{"class":95},[62,19582,259],{"class":76},[62,19584,262],{"class":80},[62,19586,259],{"class":76},[62,19588,13717],{"class":95},[62,19590,13720],{"class":139},[62,19592,131],{"class":95},[62,19594,499],{"class":99},[62,19596,434],{"class":95},[62,19598,19599,19601,19603,19605],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,19600,128],{"class":127},[62,19602,131],{"class":95},[62,19604,18931],{"class":139},[62,19606,434],{"class":95},[53,19608,19610],{"className":55,"code":19609,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,19611,19612],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19613,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19615,128],{"class":127},[62,19617,131],{"class":95},[62,19619,1690],{"class":430},[62,19621,131],{"class":95},[62,19623,9001],{"class":430},[62,19625,409],{"class":95},[62,19627,17449],{"class":139},[62,19629,496],{"class":95},[62,19631,499],{"class":99},[62,19633,103],{"class":95},[62,19635,284],{"class":99},[62,19637,103],{"class":95},[62,19639,508],{"class":99},[62,19641,18225],{"class":95},[62,19643,77],{"class":76},[62,19645,1632],{"class":80},[62,19647,259],{"class":76},[62,19649,3115],{"class":95},[48,19651,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,19653,12875,19655,19657],{"id":19654},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19656,17384],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19659,19660],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1256,19662,19664],{"id":19663},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19666,19667,19668,409],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19669,1548],{},[1256,19671,19673],{"id":19672},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19675,19676],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1256,19678,19680],{"id":19679},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19682,18315],{},[53,19684,19686],{"className":55,"code":19685,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19687,19688,19720],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19689,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19691,17408],{"class":68},[62,19693,73],{"class":72},[62,19695,96],{"class":95},[62,19697,259],{"class":76},[62,19699,262],{"class":80},[62,19701,259],{"class":76},[62,19703,103],{"class":95},[62,19705,77],{"class":76},[62,19707,277],{"class":80},[62,19709,259],{"class":76},[62,19711,103],{"class":95},[62,19713,77],{"class":76},[62,19715,9912],{"class":80},[62,19717,259],{"class":76},[62,19719,114],{"class":95},[62,19721,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19723,251],{"class":68},[62,19725,73],{"class":72},[62,19727,256],{"class":95},[62,19729,15008],{"class":68},[62,19731,267],{"class":95},[62,19733,18367],{"class":95},[62,19735,4076],{"class":729},[62,19737,18372],{"class":68},[62,19739,4082],{"class":729},[62,19741,18377],{"class":68},[62,19743,287],{"class":95},[48,19745,2109],{"id":2108},[29,19747,19748,19752,19756,19760,19766],{},[32,19749,19750],{},[262,19751,11414],{"href":13196},[32,19753,19754],{},[262,19755,408],{"href":13193},[32,19757,19758],{},[262,19759,11423],{"href":18066},[32,19761,19762],{},[262,19763,10908,19764,10912],{"href":14199},[18,19765,15121],{},[32,19767,19768],{},[262,19769,10908,19770,10912],{"href":15166},[18,19771,12948],{},[14,19773,169,19774,19776],{},[18,19775,17389],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2145,19778,19779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":19781},[19782,19783,19785,19789,19790,19792,19797,19799,19806,19815,19816,19823],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":17488,"depth":87,"text":19784},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17532,"depth":87,"text":17533,"children":19786},[19787,19788],{"id":17559,"depth":117,"text":17560},{"id":17583,"depth":117,"text":17584},{"id":5982,"depth":87,"text":5983},{"id":17742,"depth":87,"text":19791},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18070,"depth":87,"text":18071,"children":19793},[19794,19795,19796],{"id":18100,"depth":117,"text":18101},{"id":18263,"depth":117,"text":18264},{"id":18311,"depth":117,"text":18312},{"id":18475,"depth":87,"text":19798},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18633,"depth":87,"text":19800,"children":19801},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19802,19804,19805],{"id":18644,"depth":117,"text":19803},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18709,"depth":117,"text":18710},{"id":18783,"depth":117,"text":18784},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":19807},[19808,19809,19811,19813],{"id":18887,"depth":117,"text":18888},{"id":19070,"depth":117,"text":19810},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19204,"depth":117,"text":19812},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19357,"depth":117,"text":19814},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19448,"depth":87,"text":19449},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":19817},[19818,19820,19821,19822],{"id":19654,"depth":117,"text":19819},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19663,"depth":117,"text":19664},{"id":19672,"depth":117,"text":19673},{"id":19679,"depth":117,"text":19680},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17376,"description":19824},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19831,"title":19832,"body":19833,"description":21661,"extension":2174,"meta":21662,"navigation":120,"path":21663,"seo":21664,"stem":21665,"__hash__":21666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19834,"toc":21628},[19835,19840,19846,19857,19987,19994,19999,20003,20019,20021,20118,20121,20138,20142,20144,20149,20187,20190,20208,20210,20328,20333,20337,20353,20356,20492,20495,20500,20506,20509,20546,20549,20553,20558,20633,20637,20642,20724,20726,20742,20747,20751,20757,20826,20829,20846,20849,20931,20937,20940,20960,20964,20969,20975,20981,21052,21055,21061,21064,21138,21145,21151,21159,21169,21171,21266,21272,21277,21364,21370,21372,21377,21399,21402,21497,21500,21531,21544,21546,21554,21560,21566,21569,21575,21580,21587,21592,21594,21625],[10,19836,11490,19838,11494],{"id":19837},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19839,10911],{},[14,19841,19842,19843,19845],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19844,10911],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19847,19848,19849,399,19852,2602,19854,19856],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19850,19851],{},"KeyError",[18,19853,10911],{},[18,19855,1548],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[53,19858,19860],{"className":55,"code":19859,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19861,19862,19898,19902,19928,19953],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,19863,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,19865,1879],{"class":68},[62,19867,73],{"class":72},[62,19869,256],{"class":95},[62,19871,259],{"class":76},[62,19873,329],{"class":80},[62,19875,259],{"class":76},[62,19877,267],{"class":95},[62,19879,77],{"class":76},[62,19881,1896],{"class":80},[62,19883,259],{"class":76},[62,19885,103],{"class":95},[62,19887,77],{"class":76},[62,19889,1073],{"class":80},[62,19891,259],{"class":76},[62,19893,267],{"class":95},[62,19895,9479],{"class":99},[62,19897,287],{"class":95},[62,19899,19900],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,19901,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,19903,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,19905,128],{"class":127},[62,19907,131],{"class":95},[62,19909,1925],{"class":139},[62,19911,409],{"class":95},[62,19913,19914],{"class":139},"get",[62,19916,131],{"class":95},[62,19918,259],{"class":76},[62,19920,329],{"class":80},[62,19922,259],{"class":76},[62,19924,143],{"class":95},[62,19926,19927],{"class":146},"           # Ana\n",[62,19929,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,19931,128],{"class":127},[62,19933,131],{"class":95},[62,19935,1925],{"class":139},[62,19937,409],{"class":95},[62,19939,19914],{"class":139},[62,19941,131],{"class":95},[62,19943,259],{"class":76},[62,19945,10581],{"class":80},[62,19947,259],{"class":76},[62,19949,143],{"class":95},[62,19951,19952],{"class":146},"           # None\n",[62,19954,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19980,19982,19984],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,19956,128],{"class":127},[62,19958,131],{"class":95},[62,19960,1925],{"class":139},[62,19962,409],{"class":95},[62,19964,19914],{"class":139},[62,19966,131],{"class":95},[62,19968,259],{"class":76},[62,19970,10581],{"class":80},[62,19972,259],{"class":76},[62,19974,103],{"class":95},[62,19976,77],{"class":76},[62,19978,19979],{"class":80},"N\u002FA",[62,19981,259],{"class":76},[62,19983,143],{"class":95},[62,19985,19986],{"class":146},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19988,169,19989,19991,19992,409],{},[18,19990,10911],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,19993,19851],{},[48,19995,3879,19997,3882],{"id":19996},"what-get-does",[18,19998,10911],{},[14,20000,2191,20001,11585],{},[18,20002,10911],{},[29,20004,20005,20008,20013,20016],{},[32,20006,20007],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[32,20009,11596,20010,20012],{},[18,20011,1548],{}," if the key does not exist",[32,20014,20015],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[32,20017,20018],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20020,201],{},[53,20022,20024],{"className":55,"code":20023,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,20025,20026,20064,20068,20093],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20027,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20062],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20029,1040],{"class":68},[62,20031,73],{"class":72},[62,20033,256],{"class":95},[62,20035,259],{"class":76},[62,20037,329],{"class":80},[62,20039,259],{"class":76},[62,20041,267],{"class":95},[62,20043,77],{"class":76},[62,20045,20046],{"class":80},"Lina",[62,20048,259],{"class":76},[62,20050,103],{"class":95},[62,20052,77],{"class":76},[62,20054,1089],{"class":80},[62,20056,259],{"class":76},[62,20058,267],{"class":95},[62,20060,20061],{"class":99}," 90",[62,20063,287],{"class":95},[62,20065,20066],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20067,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,20069,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,20071,128],{"class":127},[62,20073,131],{"class":95},[62,20075,1121],{"class":139},[62,20077,409],{"class":95},[62,20079,19914],{"class":139},[62,20081,131],{"class":95},[62,20083,259],{"class":76},[62,20085,329],{"class":80},[62,20087,259],{"class":76},[62,20089,143],{"class":95},[62,20091,20092],{"class":146},"     # Lina\n",[62,20094,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,20096,128],{"class":127},[62,20098,131],{"class":95},[62,20100,1121],{"class":139},[62,20102,409],{"class":95},[62,20104,19914],{"class":139},[62,20106,131],{"class":95},[62,20108,259],{"class":76},[62,20110,15425],{"class":80},[62,20112,259],{"class":76},[62,20114,143],{"class":95},[62,20116,20117],{"class":146},"    # None\n",[14,20119,20120],{},"In this example:",[29,20122,20123,20128],{},[32,20124,20125,20127],{},[18,20126,1939],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[32,20129,20130,20133,20134,2602,20136],{},[18,20131,20132],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,20135,10911],{},[18,20137,1548],{},[14,20139,13190,20140,409],{},[262,20141,408],{"href":407},[48,20143,413],{"id":412},[14,20145,20146,20147,267],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,20148,10911],{},[53,20150,20152],{"className":55,"code":20151,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,20153,20154,20168],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20155,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20157,15771],{"class":68},[62,20159,409],{"class":95},[62,20161,19914],{"class":139},[62,20163,131],{"class":95},[62,20165,15008],{"class":139},[62,20167,434],{"class":95},[62,20169,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20185],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20171,15771],{"class":68},[62,20173,409],{"class":95},[62,20175,19914],{"class":139},[62,20177,131],{"class":95},[62,20179,15008],{"class":139},[62,20181,103],{"class":95},[62,20183,20184],{"class":139}," default_value",[62,20186,434],{"class":95},[14,20188,20189],{},"What each part means:",[29,20191,20192,20197,20203],{},[32,20193,20194,20196],{},[18,20195,15008],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[32,20198,20199,20202],{},[18,20200,20201],{},"default_value"," is optional",[32,20204,20205,20206],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,20207,1548],{},[14,20209,201],{},[53,20211,20213],{"className":55,"code":20212,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,20214,20215,20239,20243,20268,20294],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20216,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20218,13992],{"class":68},[62,20220,73],{"class":72},[62,20222,256],{"class":95},[62,20224,259],{"class":76},[62,20226,12665],{"class":80},[62,20228,259],{"class":76},[62,20230,267],{"class":95},[62,20232,77],{"class":76},[62,20234,12674],{"class":80},[62,20236,259],{"class":76},[62,20238,287],{"class":95},[62,20240,20241],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20242,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,20244,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,20246,128],{"class":127},[62,20248,131],{"class":95},[62,20250,14051],{"class":139},[62,20252,409],{"class":95},[62,20254,19914],{"class":139},[62,20256,131],{"class":95},[62,20258,259],{"class":76},[62,20260,12665],{"class":80},[62,20262,259],{"class":76},[62,20264,143],{"class":95},[62,20266,20267],{"class":146},"            # dark\n",[62,20269,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20287,20289,20291],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,20271,128],{"class":127},[62,20273,131],{"class":95},[62,20275,14051],{"class":139},[62,20277,409],{"class":95},[62,20279,19914],{"class":139},[62,20281,131],{"class":95},[62,20283,259],{"class":76},[62,20285,20286],{"class":80},"language",[62,20288,259],{"class":76},[62,20290,143],{"class":95},[62,20292,20293],{"class":146},"         # None\n",[62,20295,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20321,20323,20325],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,20297,128],{"class":127},[62,20299,131],{"class":95},[62,20301,14051],{"class":139},[62,20303,409],{"class":95},[62,20305,19914],{"class":139},[62,20307,131],{"class":95},[62,20309,259],{"class":76},[62,20311,20286],{"class":80},[62,20313,259],{"class":76},[62,20315,103],{"class":95},[62,20317,77],{"class":76},[62,20319,20320],{"class":80},"en",[62,20322,259],{"class":76},[62,20324,143],{"class":95},[62,20326,20327],{"class":146},"   # en\n",[48,20329,5160,20331],{"id":20330},"when-to-use-get",[18,20332,10911],{},[14,20334,169,20335,10772],{},[18,20336,10911],{},[29,20338,20339,20342,20347,20350],{},[32,20340,20341],{},"A key might not exist",[32,20343,20344,20345],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,20346,19851],{},[32,20348,20349],{},"You are reading optional data",[32,20351,20352],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20354,20355],{},"Example with optional user data:",[53,20357,20359],{"className":55,"code":20358,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,20360,20361,20403,20407,20432,20458],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20362,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20399,20401],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20364,11661],{"class":68},[62,20366,73],{"class":72},[62,20368,256],{"class":95},[62,20370,259],{"class":76},[62,20372,8168],{"class":80},[62,20374,259],{"class":76},[62,20376,267],{"class":95},[62,20378,77],{"class":76},[62,20380,20381],{"class":80},"sam",[62,20383,259],{"class":76},[62,20385,103],{"class":95},[62,20387,77],{"class":76},[62,20389,15425],{"class":80},[62,20391,259],{"class":76},[62,20393,267],{"class":95},[62,20395,77],{"class":76},[62,20397,20398],{"class":80},"sam@example.com",[62,20400,259],{"class":76},[62,20402,287],{"class":95},[62,20404,20405],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20406,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,20408,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,20410,128],{"class":127},[62,20412,131],{"class":95},[62,20414,11752],{"class":139},[62,20416,409],{"class":95},[62,20418,19914],{"class":139},[62,20420,131],{"class":95},[62,20422,259],{"class":76},[62,20424,8168],{"class":80},[62,20426,259],{"class":76},[62,20428,143],{"class":95},[62,20430,20431],{"class":146},"              # sam\n",[62,20433,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20451,20453,20455],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,20435,128],{"class":127},[62,20437,131],{"class":95},[62,20439,11752],{"class":139},[62,20441,409],{"class":95},[62,20443,19914],{"class":139},[62,20445,131],{"class":95},[62,20447,259],{"class":76},[62,20449,20450],{"class":80},"phone",[62,20452,259],{"class":76},[62,20454,143],{"class":95},[62,20456,20457],{"class":146},"                 # None\n",[62,20459,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20485,20487,20489],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,20461,128],{"class":127},[62,20463,131],{"class":95},[62,20465,11752],{"class":139},[62,20467,409],{"class":95},[62,20469,19914],{"class":139},[62,20471,131],{"class":95},[62,20473,259],{"class":76},[62,20475,20450],{"class":80},[62,20477,259],{"class":76},[62,20479,103],{"class":95},[62,20481,77],{"class":76},[62,20483,20484],{"class":80},"Not provided",[62,20486,259],{"class":76},[62,20488,143],{"class":95},[62,20490,20491],{"class":146}," # Not provided\n",[14,20493,20494],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20496,20497,20498,409],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[262,20499,16764],{"href":16763},[48,20501,20503,20505],{"id":20502},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20504,10911],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20507,20508],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[53,20510,20512],{"className":55,"code":20511,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20513,20514,20528],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20515,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20517,367],{"class":68},[62,20519,948],{"class":95},[62,20521,259],{"class":76},[62,20523,15008],{"class":80},[62,20525,259],{"class":76},[62,20527,114],{"class":95},[62,20529,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20531,367],{"class":68},[62,20533,409],{"class":95},[62,20535,19914],{"class":139},[62,20537,131],{"class":95},[62,20539,259],{"class":76},[62,20541,15008],{"class":80},[62,20543,259],{"class":76},[62,20545,434],{"class":95},[14,20547,20548],{},"The difference is important.",[1256,20550,20552],{"id":20551},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20554,20555,20556,409],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,20557,19851],{},[53,20559,20561],{"className":55,"code":20560,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,20562,20563,20587,20591,20612],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20564,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20566,251],{"class":68},[62,20568,73],{"class":72},[62,20570,256],{"class":95},[62,20572,259],{"class":76},[62,20574,329],{"class":80},[62,20576,259],{"class":76},[62,20578,267],{"class":95},[62,20580,77],{"class":76},[62,20582,1896],{"class":80},[62,20584,259],{"class":76},[62,20586,287],{"class":95},[62,20588,20589],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20590,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,20592,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,20594,128],{"class":127},[62,20596,131],{"class":95},[62,20598,367],{"class":139},[62,20600,948],{"class":95},[62,20602,259],{"class":76},[62,20604,329],{"class":80},[62,20606,259],{"class":76},[62,20608,953],{"class":95},[62,20610,20611],{"class":146},"   # Ana\n",[62,20613,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,20615,128],{"class":127},[62,20617,131],{"class":95},[62,20619,367],{"class":139},[62,20621,948],{"class":95},[62,20623,259],{"class":76},[62,20625,10581],{"class":80},[62,20627,259],{"class":76},[62,20629,953],{"class":95},[62,20631,20632],{"class":146},"   # KeyError\n",[1256,20634,20635],{"id":19914},[18,20636,10911],{},[14,20638,20639,20641],{},[18,20640,10911],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[53,20643,20645],{"className":55,"code":20644,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,20646,20647,20671,20675,20699],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20648,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20650,251],{"class":68},[62,20652,73],{"class":72},[62,20654,256],{"class":95},[62,20656,259],{"class":76},[62,20658,329],{"class":80},[62,20660,259],{"class":76},[62,20662,267],{"class":95},[62,20664,77],{"class":76},[62,20666,1896],{"class":80},[62,20668,259],{"class":76},[62,20670,287],{"class":95},[62,20672,20673],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20674,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,20676,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,20678,128],{"class":127},[62,20680,131],{"class":95},[62,20682,367],{"class":139},[62,20684,409],{"class":95},[62,20686,19914],{"class":139},[62,20688,131],{"class":95},[62,20690,259],{"class":76},[62,20692,329],{"class":80},[62,20694,259],{"class":76},[62,20696,143],{"class":95},[62,20698,20611],{"class":146},[62,20700,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,20702,128],{"class":127},[62,20704,131],{"class":95},[62,20706,367],{"class":139},[62,20708,409],{"class":95},[62,20710,19914],{"class":139},[62,20712,131],{"class":95},[62,20714,259],{"class":76},[62,20716,10581],{"class":80},[62,20718,259],{"class":76},[62,20720,143],{"class":95},[62,20722,20723],{"class":146},"   # None\n",[14,20725,18858],{},[29,20727,20728,20734],{},[32,20729,20730,20731],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3946,20732,20733],{},"must exist",[32,20735,20736,20738,20739],{},[18,20737,10911],{}," when the key is ",[3946,20740,20741],{},"optional",[14,20743,20744,20745,409],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[262,20746,11434],{"href":11246},[48,20748,20750],{"id":20749},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20752,20753,20754,20756],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20755,10911],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[53,20758,20760],{"className":55,"code":20759,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20761,20762,20787,20791],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20763,20764,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20765,20766],{"class":68},"profile ",[62,20768,73],{"class":72},[62,20770,256],{"class":95},[62,20772,259],{"class":76},[62,20774,329],{"class":80},[62,20776,259],{"class":76},[62,20778,267],{"class":95},[62,20780,77],{"class":76},[62,20782,1061],{"class":80},[62,20784,259],{"class":76},[62,20786,287],{"class":95},[62,20788,20789],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20790,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,20792,20793,20795,20797,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816,20819,20821,20823],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,20794,128],{"class":127},[62,20796,131],{"class":95},[62,20798,20799],{"class":139},"profile",[62,20801,409],{"class":95},[62,20803,19914],{"class":139},[62,20805,131],{"class":95},[62,20807,259],{"class":76},[62,20809,15428],{"class":80},[62,20811,259],{"class":76},[62,20813,103],{"class":95},[62,20815,77],{"class":76},[62,20817,20818],{"class":80},"Unknown",[62,20820,259],{"class":76},[62,20822,143],{"class":95},[62,20824,20825],{"class":146},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20827,20828],{},"This is useful for display text:",[29,20830,20831,20836,20841],{},[32,20832,20833],{},[18,20834,20835],{},"\"Unknown\"",[32,20837,20838],{},[18,20839,20840],{},"\"Not set\"",[32,20842,20843],{},[18,20844,20845],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20847,20848],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[53,20850,20852],{"className":55,"code":20851,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20853,20854,20886,20890,20917],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20855,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20857,969],{"class":68},[62,20859,73],{"class":72},[62,20861,256],{"class":95},[62,20863,259],{"class":76},[62,20865,18580],{"class":80},[62,20867,259],{"class":76},[62,20869,267],{"class":95},[62,20871,6200],{"class":99},[62,20873,103],{"class":95},[62,20875,77],{"class":76},[62,20877,18589],{"class":80},[62,20879,259],{"class":76},[62,20881,267],{"class":95},[62,20883,1409],{"class":99},[62,20885,287],{"class":95},[62,20887,20888],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,20889,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,20891,20892,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,20893,20894],{"class":68},"total_history ",[62,20896,73],{"class":72},[62,20898,5308],{"class":68},[62,20900,409],{"class":95},[62,20902,19914],{"class":139},[62,20904,131],{"class":95},[62,20906,259],{"class":76},[62,20908,18598],{"class":80},[62,20910,259],{"class":76},[62,20912,103],{"class":95},[62,20914,1228],{"class":99},[62,20916,434],{"class":95},[62,20918,20919,20921,20923,20926,20928],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,20920,128],{"class":127},[62,20922,131],{"class":95},[62,20924,20925],{"class":139},"total_history",[62,20927,741],{"class":95},[62,20929,20930],{"class":146},"   # 0\n",[14,20932,20933,20934,20936],{},"Here, ",[18,20935,665],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20938,20939],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[29,20941,20942,20945,20950,20955],{},[32,20943,20944],{},"Use a string for text",[32,20946,169,20947,20949],{},[18,20948,665],{}," for numbers",[32,20951,169,20952,20954],{},[18,20953,3990],{}," for lists if needed",[32,20956,169,20957,20959],{},[18,20958,3995],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[48,20961,20963],{"id":20962},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20965,20966,20967,409],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,20968,10911],{},[1256,20970,20972,20974],{"id":20971},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,20973,10911],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20976,20977,20978,20980],{},"This code does ",[3946,20979,4830],{}," create a new key:",[53,20982,20984],{"className":55,"code":20983,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,20985,20986,21010,21014,21039],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,20987,20988,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,20989,1879],{"class":68},[62,20991,73],{"class":72},[62,20993,256],{"class":95},[62,20995,259],{"class":76},[62,20997,329],{"class":80},[62,20999,259],{"class":76},[62,21001,267],{"class":95},[62,21003,77],{"class":76},[62,21005,1896],{"class":80},[62,21007,259],{"class":76},[62,21009,287],{"class":95},[62,21011,21012],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,21013,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,21015,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,21017,128],{"class":127},[62,21019,131],{"class":95},[62,21021,1925],{"class":139},[62,21023,409],{"class":95},[62,21025,19914],{"class":139},[62,21027,131],{"class":95},[62,21029,259],{"class":76},[62,21031,10581],{"class":80},[62,21033,259],{"class":76},[62,21035,143],{"class":95},[62,21037,21038],{"class":146},"  # None\n",[62,21040,21041,21043,21045,21047,21049],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,21042,128],{"class":127},[62,21044,131],{"class":95},[62,21046,1925],{"class":139},[62,21048,741],{"class":95},[62,21050,21051],{"class":146},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21053,21054],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1256,21056,21058,21060],{"id":21057},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,21059,10911],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21062,21063],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[53,21065,21067],{"className":55,"code":21066,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,21068,21069,21095,21099,21125],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21070,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21082,21084,21086,21088,21091,21093],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21072,13992],{"class":68},[62,21074,73],{"class":72},[62,21076,256],{"class":95},[62,21078,259],{"class":76},[62,21080,21081],{"class":80},"mode",[62,21083,259],{"class":76},[62,21085,267],{"class":95},[62,21087,77],{"class":76},[62,21089,21090],{"class":80},"light",[62,21092,259],{"class":76},[62,21094,287],{"class":95},[62,21096,21097],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,21098,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,21100,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,21102,14051],{"class":68},[62,21104,409],{"class":95},[62,21106,19914],{"class":139},[62,21108,131],{"class":95},[62,21110,259],{"class":76},[62,21112,12665],{"class":80},[62,21114,259],{"class":76},[62,21116,103],{"class":95},[62,21118,77],{"class":76},[62,21120,12674],{"class":80},[62,21122,259],{"class":76},[62,21124,434],{"class":95},[62,21126,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,21128,128],{"class":127},[62,21130,131],{"class":95},[62,21132,14051],{"class":139},[62,21134,741],{"class":95},[62,21136,21137],{"class":146},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21139,21140,21141,21144],{},"Even though ",[18,21142,21143],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1256,21146,21148,21149],{"id":21147},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,21150,1548],{},[14,21152,21153,21154,2602,21156,21158],{},"Sometimes ",[18,21155,10911],{},[18,21157,1548],{}," because:",[29,21160,21161,21164],{},[32,21162,21163],{},"The key is missing, or",[32,21165,21166,21167],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,21168,1548],{},[14,21170,201],{},[53,21172,21174],{"className":55,"code":21173,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,21175,21176,21213,21217,21241],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21177,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21205,21207,21209,21211],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21179,251],{"class":68},[62,21181,73],{"class":72},[62,21183,256],{"class":95},[62,21185,259],{"class":76},[62,21187,329],{"class":80},[62,21189,259],{"class":76},[62,21191,267],{"class":95},[62,21193,77],{"class":76},[62,21195,1896],{"class":80},[62,21197,259],{"class":76},[62,21199,103],{"class":95},[62,21201,77],{"class":76},[62,21203,21204],{"class":80},"nickname",[62,21206,259],{"class":76},[62,21208,267],{"class":95},[62,21210,1797],{"class":1618},[62,21212,287],{"class":95},[62,21214,21215],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,21216,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,21218,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,21220,128],{"class":127},[62,21222,131],{"class":95},[62,21224,367],{"class":139},[62,21226,409],{"class":95},[62,21228,19914],{"class":139},[62,21230,131],{"class":95},[62,21232,259],{"class":76},[62,21234,21204],{"class":80},[62,21236,259],{"class":76},[62,21238,143],{"class":95},[62,21240,21038],{"class":146},[62,21242,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,21244,128],{"class":127},[62,21246,131],{"class":95},[62,21248,367],{"class":139},[62,21250,409],{"class":95},[62,21252,19914],{"class":139},[62,21254,131],{"class":95},[62,21256,259],{"class":76},[62,21258,10581],{"class":80},[62,21260,259],{"class":76},[62,21262,143],{"class":95},[62,21264,21265],{"class":146},"      # None\n",[14,21267,21268,21269,21271],{},"Both lines print ",[18,21270,1548],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21273,21274,21275,267],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,21276,4082],{},[53,21278,21280],{"className":55,"code":21279,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,21281,21282,21318,21322,21343],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21283,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21285,251],{"class":68},[62,21287,73],{"class":72},[62,21289,256],{"class":95},[62,21291,259],{"class":76},[62,21293,329],{"class":80},[62,21295,259],{"class":76},[62,21297,267],{"class":95},[62,21299,77],{"class":76},[62,21301,1896],{"class":80},[62,21303,259],{"class":76},[62,21305,103],{"class":95},[62,21307,77],{"class":76},[62,21309,21204],{"class":80},[62,21311,259],{"class":76},[62,21313,267],{"class":95},[62,21315,1797],{"class":1618},[62,21317,287],{"class":95},[62,21319,21320],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,21321,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,21323,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21337,21339,21341],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,21325,128],{"class":127},[62,21327,131],{"class":95},[62,21329,259],{"class":76},[62,21331,21204],{"class":80},[62,21333,259],{"class":76},[62,21335,21336],{"class":729}," in",[62,21338,14733],{"class":139},[62,21340,741],{"class":95},[62,21342,3866],{"class":146},[62,21344,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,21346,128],{"class":127},[62,21348,131],{"class":95},[62,21350,259],{"class":76},[62,21352,10581],{"class":80},[62,21354,259],{"class":76},[62,21356,21336],{"class":729},[62,21358,14733],{"class":139},[62,21360,741],{"class":95},[62,21362,21363],{"class":146},"      # False\n",[14,21365,21366,21367,409],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[262,21368,21369],{"href":17319},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[48,21371,1824],{"id":1823},[14,21373,21374,21375,267],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,21376,10911],{},[29,21378,21379,21384,21391,21396],{},[32,21380,21381,21382],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,21383,19851],{},[32,21385,4904,21386,2602,21388,21390],{},[18,21387,10911],{},[18,21389,1548],{}," if no default is provided",[32,21392,1859,21393,21395],{},[18,21394,10911],{}," creates a key automatically",[32,21397,21398],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21400,21401],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[53,21403,21405],{"className":55,"code":21404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21406,21407,21417,21431,21449,21471],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21408,21409,21411,21413,21415],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21410,128],{"class":127},[62,21412,131],{"class":95},[62,21414,11622],{"class":139},[62,21416,434],{"class":95},[62,21418,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,21420,128],{"class":127},[62,21422,131],{"class":95},[62,21424,11622],{"class":139},[62,21426,409],{"class":95},[62,21428,17090],{"class":139},[62,21430,7385],{"class":95},[62,21432,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445,21447],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,21434,128],{"class":127},[62,21436,131],{"class":95},[62,21438,3503],{"class":76},[62,21440,329],{"class":80},[62,21442,3503],{"class":76},[62,21444,21336],{"class":729},[62,21446,11937],{"class":139},[62,21448,434],{"class":95},[62,21450,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,21452,128],{"class":127},[62,21454,131],{"class":95},[62,21456,11622],{"class":139},[62,21458,409],{"class":95},[62,21460,19914],{"class":139},[62,21462,131],{"class":95},[62,21464,3503],{"class":76},[62,21466,329],{"class":80},[62,21468,3503],{"class":76},[62,21470,1013],{"class":95},[62,21472,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,21474,128],{"class":127},[62,21476,131],{"class":95},[62,21478,1690],{"class":430},[62,21480,131],{"class":95},[62,21482,11622],{"class":139},[62,21484,409],{"class":95},[62,21486,19914],{"class":139},[62,21488,131],{"class":95},[62,21490,3503],{"class":76},[62,21492,329],{"class":80},[62,21494,3503],{"class":76},[62,21496,3115],{"class":95},[14,21498,21499],{},"What these checks tell you:",[29,21501,21502,21507,21513,21519,21525],{},[32,21503,21504,21506],{},[18,21505,12850],{}," shows the full dictionary",[32,21508,21509,21512],{},[18,21510,21511],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[32,21514,21515,21518],{},[18,21516,21517],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[32,21520,21521,21524],{},[18,21522,21523],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[32,21526,21527,21530],{},[18,21528,21529],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21532,21533,21534,1940,21539,21543],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[262,21535,21536,21537,10912],{"href":17229},"the dictionary ",[18,21538,17232],{},[262,21540,21536,21541,10912],{"href":17241},[18,21542,17244],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[48,21545,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,21547,12875,21549,21551,21552,632],{"id":21548},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,21550,10911],{}," raise ",[18,21553,19851],{},[14,21555,21556,21557,21559],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,21558,1548],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1256,21561,12875,21563,21565],{"id":21562},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,21564,10911],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21567,21568],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1256,21570,21572,21573,632],{"id":21571},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,21574,10911],{},[14,21576,21577,21579],{},[18,21578,1548],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1256,21581,21583,21584,21586],{"id":21582},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,21585,10911],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21588,169,21589,21591],{},[18,21590,10911],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[48,21593,2109],{"id":2108},[29,21595,21596,21600,21606,21612,21616,21621],{},[32,21597,21598],{},[262,21599,408],{"href":407},[32,21601,21602],{},[262,21603,10908,21604,10912],{"href":17229},[18,21605,17232],{},[32,21607,21608],{},[262,21609,10908,21610,10912],{"href":17241},[18,21611,17244],{},[32,21613,21614],{},[262,21615,17320],{"href":17319},[32,21617,21618],{},[262,21619,21620],{"href":16763},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[32,21622,21623],{},[262,21624,11434],{"href":11246},[2145,21626,21627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":21629},[21630,21632,21633,21635,21640,21641,21649,21650,21660],{"id":19996,"depth":87,"text":21631},"What get() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":20330,"depth":87,"text":21634},"When to use get()",{"id":20502,"depth":87,"text":21636,"children":21637},"get() vs square brackets",[21638,21639],{"id":20551,"depth":117,"text":20552},{"id":19914,"depth":117,"text":10911},{"id":20749,"depth":87,"text":20750},{"id":20962,"depth":87,"text":20963,"children":21642},[21643,21645,21647],{"id":20971,"depth":117,"text":21644},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21057,"depth":117,"text":21646},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21147,"depth":117,"text":21648},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":21651},[21652,21654,21656,21658],{"id":21548,"depth":117,"text":21653},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21562,"depth":117,"text":21655},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21571,"depth":117,"text":21657},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21582,"depth":117,"text":21659},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19832,"description":21661},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21668,"title":21669,"body":21670,"description":24223,"extension":2174,"meta":24224,"navigation":120,"path":24225,"seo":24226,"stem":24227,"__hash__":24228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21671,"toc":24189},[21672,21677,21683,21689,21691,21772,21776,21793,21798,21803,21808,21810,21824,21826,21889,21893,21933,21941,21943,21945,21960,21963,21976,21978,22057,22061,22127,22129,22133,22141,22143,22154,22156,22266,22270,22349,22355,22361,22366,22478,22482,22514,22517,22624,22630,22637,22641,22644,22746,22750,22811,22814,22817,22828,22837,22840,22857,22859,22958,22962,23037,23040,23063,23068,23073,23090,23092,23213,23217,23251,23253,23257,23264,23274,23276,23354,23357,23428,23438,23441,23473,23476,23515,23521,23528,23531,23622,23626,23707,23713,23716,23719,23824,23827,23830,23952,23956,23959,24026,24030,24067,24073,24075,24081,24086,24092,24099,24105,24108,24147,24153,24156,24158,24186],[10,21673,11490,21675,11494],{"id":21674},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21676,17244],{},[14,21678,2191,21679,21682],{},[18,21680,21681],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21684,21685,21686,21688],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21687,17244],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[48,21690,51],{"id":50},[53,21692,21694],{"className":55,"code":21693,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21695,21696,21732,21736,21758],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21697,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21699,1879],{"class":68},[62,21701,73],{"class":72},[62,21703,256],{"class":95},[62,21705,259],{"class":76},[62,21707,329],{"class":80},[62,21709,259],{"class":76},[62,21711,267],{"class":95},[62,21713,77],{"class":76},[62,21715,1896],{"class":80},[62,21717,259],{"class":76},[62,21719,103],{"class":95},[62,21721,77],{"class":76},[62,21723,1073],{"class":80},[62,21725,259],{"class":76},[62,21727,267],{"class":95},[62,21729,9479],{"class":99},[62,21731,287],{"class":95},[62,21733,21734],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,21735,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,21737,21738,21740,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,21739,6154],{"class":729},[62,21741,21742],{"class":68}," key",[62,21744,103],{"class":95},[62,21746,1788],{"class":68},[62,21748,4082],{"class":729},[62,21750,13414],{"class":68},[62,21752,409],{"class":95},[62,21754,161],{"class":139},[62,21756,21757],{"class":95},"():\n",[62,21759,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,21761,754],{"class":127},[62,21763,131],{"class":95},[62,21765,15008],{"class":139},[62,21767,103],{"class":95},[62,21769,8612],{"class":139},[62,21771,434],{"class":95},[14,21773,21774],{},[3946,21775,2282],{},[53,21777,21779],{"className":55,"code":21778,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21780,21781,21786],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21782,21783],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21784,21785],{"class":68},"name Ana\n",[62,21787,21788,21791],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,21789,21790],{"class":68},"age ",[62,21792,2913],{"class":99},[14,21794,169,21795,21797],{},[18,21796,17244],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[48,21799,3879,21801,3882],{"id":21800},"what-items-does",[18,21802,17244],{},[14,21804,21805,21807],{},[18,21806,17244],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21809,11631],{},[29,21811,21812,21818,21821],{},[32,21813,21814,21815],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21816,21817],{},"(key, value)",[32,21819,21820],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[32,21822,21823],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21825,201],{},[53,21827,21829],{"className":55,"code":21828,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21830,21831,21867,21871],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21832,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21834,1879],{"class":68},[62,21836,73],{"class":72},[62,21838,256],{"class":95},[62,21840,259],{"class":76},[62,21842,329],{"class":80},[62,21844,259],{"class":76},[62,21846,267],{"class":95},[62,21848,77],{"class":76},[62,21850,1896],{"class":80},[62,21852,259],{"class":76},[62,21854,103],{"class":95},[62,21856,77],{"class":76},[62,21858,1073],{"class":80},[62,21860,259],{"class":76},[62,21862,267],{"class":95},[62,21864,9479],{"class":99},[62,21866,287],{"class":95},[62,21868,21869],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,21870,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,21872,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,21874,128],{"class":127},[62,21876,131],{"class":95},[62,21878,8276],{"class":430},[62,21880,131],{"class":95},[62,21882,1925],{"class":139},[62,21884,409],{"class":95},[62,21886,161],{"class":139},[62,21888,6485],{"class":95},[14,21890,21891],{},[3946,21892,2282],{},[53,21894,21896],{"className":55,"code":21895,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,21897,21898],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21899,21900,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21901,21902],{"class":95},"[(",[62,21904,3503],{"class":76},[62,21906,329],{"class":80},[62,21908,3503],{"class":76},[62,21910,103],{"class":95},[62,21912,3498],{"class":76},[62,21914,1896],{"class":80},[62,21916,3503],{"class":76},[62,21918,9408],{"class":95},[62,21920,854],{"class":95},[62,21922,3503],{"class":76},[62,21924,1073],{"class":80},[62,21926,3503],{"class":76},[62,21928,103],{"class":95},[62,21930,9479],{"class":99},[62,21932,9423],{"class":95},[14,21934,21935,21936,2022,21938,409],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[262,21937,408],{"href":13193},[262,21939,15192],{"href":21940},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[48,21942,413],{"id":412},[14,21944,5632],{},[53,21946,21948],{"className":55,"code":21947,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,21949,21950],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21951,21952,21954,21956,21958],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21953,11622],{"class":68},[62,21955,409],{"class":95},[62,21957,161],{"class":139},[62,21959,8822],{"class":95},[14,21961,21962],{},"Things to remember:",[29,21964,21965,21970,21973],{},[32,21966,21967,21969],{},[18,21968,17244],{}," does not take any arguments",[32,21971,21972],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[32,21974,21975],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21977,201],{},[53,21979,21981],{"className":55,"code":21980,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,21982,21983,22015,22019,22033,22037,22047],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,21984,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,21986,969],{"class":68},[62,21988,73],{"class":72},[62,21990,256],{"class":95},[62,21992,259],{"class":76},[62,21994,718],{"class":80},[62,21996,259],{"class":76},[62,21998,267],{"class":95},[62,22000,20061],{"class":99},[62,22002,103],{"class":95},[62,22004,77],{"class":76},[62,22006,5211],{"class":80},[62,22008,259],{"class":76},[62,22010,267],{"class":95},[62,22012,13674],{"class":99},[62,22014,287],{"class":95},[62,22016,22017],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22018,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22020,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,22022,2435],{"class":68},[62,22024,73],{"class":72},[62,22026,5308],{"class":68},[62,22028,409],{"class":95},[62,22030,161],{"class":139},[62,22032,8822],{"class":95},[62,22034,22035],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,22036,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22038,22039,22041,22043,22045],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,22040,128],{"class":127},[62,22042,131],{"class":95},[62,22044,2470],{"class":139},[62,22046,434],{"class":95},[62,22048,22049,22051,22053,22055],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,22050,128],{"class":127},[62,22052,131],{"class":95},[62,22054,1010],{"class":139},[62,22056,434],{"class":95},[14,22058,22059],{},[3946,22060,2282],{},[53,22062,22064],{"className":55,"code":22063,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,22065,22066,22099],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22067,22068,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22069,22070],{"class":139},"dict_items",[62,22072,9830],{"class":95},[62,22074,3503],{"class":76},[62,22076,718],{"class":80},[62,22078,3503],{"class":76},[62,22080,103],{"class":95},[62,22082,20061],{"class":99},[62,22084,9408],{"class":95},[62,22086,854],{"class":95},[62,22088,3503],{"class":76},[62,22090,5211],{"class":80},[62,22092,3503],{"class":76},[62,22094,103],{"class":95},[62,22096,13674],{"class":99},[62,22098,10850],{"class":95},[62,22100,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22102,9452],{"class":95},[62,22104,3503],{"class":76},[62,22106,718],{"class":80},[62,22108,3503],{"class":76},[62,22110,267],{"class":95},[62,22112,20061],{"class":99},[62,22114,103],{"class":95},[62,22116,3498],{"class":76},[62,22118,5211],{"class":80},[62,22120,3503],{"class":76},[62,22122,267],{"class":95},[62,22124,13674],{"class":99},[62,22126,287],{"class":95},[14,22128,21054],{},[48,22130,22132],{"id":22131},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22134,22135,22137,22138,22140],{},[18,22136,17244],{}," returns a ",[18,22139,22070],{}," view object.",[14,22142,2319],{},[29,22144,22145,22148,22151],{},[32,22146,22147],{},"You can loop over it",[32,22149,22150],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[32,22152,22153],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22155,201],{},[53,22157,22159],{"className":55,"code":22158,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,22160,22161,22193,22207,22211,22225,22229,22248,22252],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22162,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22164,251],{"class":68},[62,22166,73],{"class":72},[62,22168,256],{"class":95},[62,22170,259],{"class":76},[62,22172,552],{"class":80},[62,22174,259],{"class":76},[62,22176,267],{"class":95},[62,22178,270],{"class":99},[62,22180,103],{"class":95},[62,22182,77],{"class":76},[62,22184,11916],{"class":80},[62,22186,259],{"class":76},[62,22188,267],{"class":95},[62,22190,284],{"class":99},[62,22192,287],{"class":95},[62,22194,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22196,9390],{"class":68},[62,22198,73],{"class":72},[62,22200,14733],{"class":68},[62,22202,409],{"class":95},[62,22204,161],{"class":139},[62,22206,8822],{"class":95},[62,22208,22209],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,22210,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22212,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,22214,128],{"class":127},[62,22216,131],{"class":95},[62,22218,8276],{"class":430},[62,22220,131],{"class":95},[62,22222,9436],{"class":139},[62,22224,1013],{"class":95},[62,22226,22227],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,22228,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22230,22231,22233,22235,22237,22240,22242,22244,22246],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,22232,367],{"class":68},[62,22234,948],{"class":95},[62,22236,259],{"class":76},[62,22238,22239],{"class":80},"z",[62,22241,259],{"class":76},[62,22243,13440],{"class":95},[62,22245,13443],{"class":72},[62,22247,2781],{"class":99},[62,22249,22250],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,22251,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22253,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,22255,128],{"class":127},[62,22257,131],{"class":95},[62,22259,8276],{"class":430},[62,22261,131],{"class":95},[62,22263,9436],{"class":139},[62,22265,1013],{"class":95},[14,22267,22268],{},[3946,22269,2282],{},[53,22271,22273],{"className":55,"code":22272,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,22274,22275,22305],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22276,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22278,21902],{"class":95},[62,22280,3503],{"class":76},[62,22282,552],{"class":80},[62,22284,3503],{"class":76},[62,22286,103],{"class":95},[62,22288,270],{"class":99},[62,22290,9408],{"class":95},[62,22292,854],{"class":95},[62,22294,3503],{"class":76},[62,22296,11916],{"class":80},[62,22298,3503],{"class":76},[62,22300,103],{"class":95},[62,22302,284],{"class":99},[62,22304,9423],{"class":95},[62,22306,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22308,21902],{"class":95},[62,22310,3503],{"class":76},[62,22312,552],{"class":80},[62,22314,3503],{"class":76},[62,22316,103],{"class":95},[62,22318,270],{"class":99},[62,22320,9408],{"class":95},[62,22322,854],{"class":95},[62,22324,3503],{"class":76},[62,22326,11916],{"class":80},[62,22328,3503],{"class":76},[62,22330,103],{"class":95},[62,22332,284],{"class":99},[62,22334,9408],{"class":95},[62,22336,854],{"class":95},[62,22338,3503],{"class":76},[62,22340,22239],{"class":80},[62,22342,3503],{"class":76},[62,22344,103],{"class":95},[62,22346,508],{"class":99},[62,22348,9423],{"class":95},[14,22350,22351,22352,22354],{},"This happens because ",[18,22353,9436],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[48,22356,22358,22359],{"id":22357},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,22360,17244],{},[14,22362,22363,22364,267],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,22365,17244],{},[53,22367,22369],{"className":55,"code":22368,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,22370,22371,22423,22427,22447],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22372,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22374,1040],{"class":68},[62,22376,73],{"class":72},[62,22378,256],{"class":95},[62,22380,259],{"class":76},[62,22382,329],{"class":80},[62,22384,259],{"class":76},[62,22386,267],{"class":95},[62,22388,77],{"class":76},[62,22390,1061],{"class":80},[62,22392,259],{"class":76},[62,22394,103],{"class":95},[62,22396,77],{"class":76},[62,22398,1089],{"class":80},[62,22400,259],{"class":76},[62,22402,267],{"class":95},[62,22404,77],{"class":76},[62,22406,1098],{"class":80},[62,22408,259],{"class":76},[62,22410,103],{"class":95},[62,22412,77],{"class":76},[62,22414,1073],{"class":80},[62,22416,259],{"class":76},[62,22418,267],{"class":95},[62,22420,14024],{"class":99},[62,22422,287],{"class":95},[62,22424,22425],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22426,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22428,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,22430,6154],{"class":729},[62,22432,21742],{"class":68},[62,22434,103],{"class":95},[62,22436,1788],{"class":68},[62,22438,4082],{"class":729},[62,22440,13076],{"class":68},[62,22442,409],{"class":95},[62,22444,161],{"class":139},[62,22446,21757],{"class":95},[62,22448,22449,22451,22453,22456,22458,22460,22462,22465,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,22450,754],{"class":127},[62,22452,131],{"class":95},[62,22454,22455],{"class":2276},"f",[62,22457,259],{"class":80},[62,22459,9452],{"class":99},[62,22461,15008],{"class":139},[62,22463,22464],{"class":99},"}",[62,22466,22467],{"class":80},": ",[62,22469,9452],{"class":99},[62,22471,1632],{"class":139},[62,22473,22464],{"class":99},[62,22475,259],{"class":80},[62,22477,434],{"class":95},[14,22479,22480],{},[3946,22481,2282],{},[53,22483,22485],{"className":55,"code":22484,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22486,22487,22496,22505],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22488,22489,22491,22493],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22490,329],{"class":68},[62,22492,267],{"class":95},[62,22494,22495],{"class":68}," Mia\n",[62,22497,22498,22500,22502],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22499,1089],{"class":68},[62,22501,267],{"class":95},[62,22503,22504],{"class":68}," A\n",[62,22506,22507,22509,22511],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,22508,1073],{"class":68},[62,22510,267],{"class":95},[62,22512,22513],{"class":99}," 14\n",[14,22515,22516],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[53,22518,22520],{"className":55,"code":22519,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22521,22522,22574,22578,22590],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22523,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22525,1040],{"class":68},[62,22527,73],{"class":72},[62,22529,256],{"class":95},[62,22531,259],{"class":76},[62,22533,329],{"class":80},[62,22535,259],{"class":76},[62,22537,267],{"class":95},[62,22539,77],{"class":76},[62,22541,1061],{"class":80},[62,22543,259],{"class":76},[62,22545,103],{"class":95},[62,22547,77],{"class":76},[62,22549,1089],{"class":80},[62,22551,259],{"class":76},[62,22553,267],{"class":95},[62,22555,77],{"class":76},[62,22557,1098],{"class":80},[62,22559,259],{"class":76},[62,22561,103],{"class":95},[62,22563,77],{"class":76},[62,22565,1073],{"class":80},[62,22567,259],{"class":76},[62,22569,267],{"class":95},[62,22571,14024],{"class":99},[62,22573,287],{"class":95},[62,22575,22576],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22577,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22579,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,22581,6154],{"class":729},[62,22583,18372],{"class":68},[62,22585,4082],{"class":729},[62,22587,13076],{"class":68},[62,22589,749],{"class":95},[62,22591,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,22593,754],{"class":127},[62,22595,131],{"class":95},[62,22597,22455],{"class":2276},[62,22599,259],{"class":80},[62,22601,9452],{"class":99},[62,22603,15008],{"class":139},[62,22605,22464],{"class":99},[62,22607,22467],{"class":80},[62,22609,9452],{"class":99},[62,22611,1121],{"class":139},[62,22613,948],{"class":95},[62,22615,15008],{"class":139},[62,22617,13440],{"class":95},[62,22619,22464],{"class":99},[62,22621,259],{"class":80},[62,22623,434],{"class":95},[14,22625,6701,22626,22629],{},[18,22627,22628],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22631,22632,22633,409],{},"For a full guide, see ",[262,22634,22636],{"href":22635},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[48,22638,22640],{"id":22639},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22642,22643],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[53,22645,22647],{"className":55,"code":22646,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,22648,22649,22708,22712,22731,22735],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22650,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22686,22688,22690,22692,22695,22697,22699,22701,22704,22706],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22652,788],{"class":68},[62,22654,73],{"class":72},[62,22656,256],{"class":95},[62,22658,259],{"class":76},[62,22660,901],{"class":80},[62,22662,259],{"class":76},[62,22664,267],{"class":95},[62,22666,77],{"class":76},[62,22668,797],{"class":80},[62,22670,259],{"class":76},[62,22672,103],{"class":95},[62,22674,77],{"class":76},[62,22676,910],{"class":80},[62,22678,259],{"class":76},[62,22680,267],{"class":95},[62,22682,77],{"class":76},[62,22684,22685],{"class":80},"yellow",[62,22687,259],{"class":76},[62,22689,103],{"class":95},[62,22691,77],{"class":76},[62,22693,22694],{"class":80},"grape",[62,22696,259],{"class":76},[62,22698,267],{"class":95},[62,22700,77],{"class":76},[62,22702,22703],{"class":80},"purple",[62,22705,259],{"class":76},[62,22707,287],{"class":95},[62,22709,22710],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22711,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22713,22714,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,22715,22716],{"class":68},"pairs_list ",[62,22718,73],{"class":72},[62,22720,1733],{"class":430},[62,22722,131],{"class":95},[62,22724,832],{"class":139},[62,22726,409],{"class":95},[62,22728,161],{"class":139},[62,22730,7385],{"class":95},[62,22732,22733],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,22734,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22736,22737,22739,22741,22744],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,22738,128],{"class":127},[62,22740,131],{"class":95},[62,22742,22743],{"class":139},"pairs_list",[62,22745,434],{"class":95},[14,22747,22748],{},[3946,22749,2282],{},[53,22751,22753],{"className":55,"code":22752,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22754,22755],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22756,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22758,21902],{"class":95},[62,22760,3503],{"class":76},[62,22762,901],{"class":80},[62,22764,3503],{"class":76},[62,22766,103],{"class":95},[62,22768,3498],{"class":76},[62,22770,797],{"class":80},[62,22772,3503],{"class":76},[62,22774,9408],{"class":95},[62,22776,854],{"class":95},[62,22778,3503],{"class":76},[62,22780,910],{"class":80},[62,22782,3503],{"class":76},[62,22784,103],{"class":95},[62,22786,3498],{"class":76},[62,22788,22685],{"class":80},[62,22790,3503],{"class":76},[62,22792,9408],{"class":95},[62,22794,854],{"class":95},[62,22796,3503],{"class":76},[62,22798,22694],{"class":80},[62,22800,3503],{"class":76},[62,22802,103],{"class":95},[62,22804,3498],{"class":76},[62,22806,22703],{"class":80},[62,22808,3503],{"class":76},[62,22810,9423],{"class":95},[14,22812,22813],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22815,22816],{},"Use this when:",[29,22818,22819,22822,22825],{},[32,22820,22821],{},"You want clearer printed output",[32,22823,22824],{},"You need list behavior",[32,22826,22827],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[48,22829,22831,10756,22833,10756,22835],{"id":22830},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22832,17244],{},[18,22834,17232],{},[18,22836,17238],{},[14,22838,22839],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[29,22841,22842,22847,22852],{},[32,22843,22844,22846],{},[18,22845,17244],{}," gives both key and value",[32,22848,22849,22851],{},[18,22850,17232],{}," gives only keys",[32,22853,22854,22856],{},[18,22855,17238],{}," gives only values",[14,22858,201],{},[53,22860,22862],{"className":55,"code":22861,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22863,22864,22900,22904,22922,22940],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22865,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22867,1879],{"class":68},[62,22869,73],{"class":72},[62,22871,256],{"class":95},[62,22873,259],{"class":76},[62,22875,329],{"class":80},[62,22877,259],{"class":76},[62,22879,267],{"class":95},[62,22881,77],{"class":76},[62,22883,1896],{"class":80},[62,22885,259],{"class":76},[62,22887,103],{"class":95},[62,22889,77],{"class":76},[62,22891,1073],{"class":80},[62,22893,259],{"class":76},[62,22895,267],{"class":95},[62,22897,9479],{"class":99},[62,22899,287],{"class":95},[62,22901,22902],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22903,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,22905,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,22907,128],{"class":127},[62,22909,131],{"class":95},[62,22911,8276],{"class":430},[62,22913,131],{"class":95},[62,22915,1925],{"class":139},[62,22917,409],{"class":95},[62,22919,17090],{"class":139},[62,22921,6485],{"class":95},[62,22923,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,22925,128],{"class":127},[62,22927,131],{"class":95},[62,22929,8276],{"class":430},[62,22931,131],{"class":95},[62,22933,1925],{"class":139},[62,22935,409],{"class":95},[62,22937,386],{"class":139},[62,22939,6485],{"class":95},[62,22941,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,22943,128],{"class":127},[62,22945,131],{"class":95},[62,22947,8276],{"class":430},[62,22949,131],{"class":95},[62,22951,1925],{"class":139},[62,22953,409],{"class":95},[62,22955,161],{"class":139},[62,22957,6485],{"class":95},[14,22959,22960],{},[3946,22961,2282],{},[53,22963,22965],{"className":55,"code":22964,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22966,22967,22987,23003],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,22968,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,22970,948],{"class":95},[62,22972,3503],{"class":76},[62,22974,329],{"class":80},[62,22976,3503],{"class":76},[62,22978,103],{"class":95},[62,22980,3498],{"class":76},[62,22982,1073],{"class":80},[62,22984,3503],{"class":76},[62,22986,114],{"class":95},[62,22988,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,22990,948],{"class":95},[62,22992,3503],{"class":76},[62,22994,1896],{"class":80},[62,22996,3503],{"class":76},[62,22998,103],{"class":95},[62,23000,9479],{"class":99},[62,23002,114],{"class":95},[62,23004,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23006,21902],{"class":95},[62,23008,3503],{"class":76},[62,23010,329],{"class":80},[62,23012,3503],{"class":76},[62,23014,103],{"class":95},[62,23016,3498],{"class":76},[62,23018,1896],{"class":80},[62,23020,3503],{"class":76},[62,23022,9408],{"class":95},[62,23024,854],{"class":95},[62,23026,3503],{"class":76},[62,23028,1073],{"class":80},[62,23030,3503],{"class":76},[62,23032,103],{"class":95},[62,23034,9479],{"class":99},[62,23036,9423],{"class":95},[14,23038,23039],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[29,23041,23042,23050,23058],{},[32,23043,23044,23045],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[262,23046,23048],{"href":23047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23049,17232],{},[32,23051,23052,23053],{},"Need just values? Use ",[262,23054,23056],{"href":23055},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,23057,17238],{},[32,23059,23060,23061],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,23062,17244],{},[48,23064,5160,23066],{"id":23065},"when-to-use-items",[18,23067,17244],{},[14,23069,23070,23072],{},[18,23071,17244],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[29,23074,23075,23078,23081,23084,23087],{},[32,23076,23077],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[32,23079,23080],{},"Building formatted output",[32,23082,23083],{},"Looping through settings and values",[32,23085,23086],{},"Showing names with scores",[32,23088,23089],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23091,201],{},[53,23093,23095],{"className":55,"code":23094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,23096,23097,23105,23123,23142,23154,23158,23162,23183],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23098,23099,23101,23103],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23100,13992],{"class":68},[62,23102,73],{"class":72},[62,23104,1045],{"class":95},[62,23106,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23108,1050],{"class":76},[62,23110,12665],{"class":80},[62,23112,259],{"class":76},[62,23114,267],{"class":95},[62,23116,77],{"class":76},[62,23118,12674],{"class":80},[62,23120,259],{"class":76},[62,23122,1066],{"class":95},[62,23124,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23138,23140],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23126,1050],{"class":76},[62,23128,20286],{"class":80},[62,23130,259],{"class":76},[62,23132,267],{"class":95},[62,23134,77],{"class":76},[62,23136,23137],{"class":80},"English",[62,23139,259],{"class":76},[62,23141,1066],{"class":95},[62,23143,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,23145,1050],{"class":76},[62,23147,18688],{"class":80},[62,23149,259],{"class":76},[62,23151,267],{"class":95},[62,23153,6615],{"class":1618},[62,23155,23156],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,23157,287],{"class":95},[62,23159,23160],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,23161,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,23163,23164,23166,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,23165,6154],{"class":729},[62,23167,23168],{"class":68}," setting",[62,23170,103],{"class":95},[62,23172,1788],{"class":68},[62,23174,4082],{"class":729},[62,23176,14036],{"class":68},[62,23178,409],{"class":95},[62,23180,161],{"class":139},[62,23182,21757],{"class":95},[62,23184,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23198,23200,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,23186,754],{"class":127},[62,23188,131],{"class":95},[62,23190,22455],{"class":2276},[62,23192,259],{"class":80},[62,23194,9452],{"class":99},[62,23196,23197],{"class":139},"setting",[62,23199,22464],{"class":99},[62,23201,23202],{"class":80}," = ",[62,23204,9452],{"class":99},[62,23206,1632],{"class":139},[62,23208,22464],{"class":99},[62,23210,259],{"class":80},[62,23212,434],{"class":95},[14,23214,23215],{},[3946,23216,2282],{},[53,23218,23220],{"className":55,"code":23219,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,23221,23222,23232,23242],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23223,23224,23227,23229],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23225,23226],{"class":68},"theme ",[62,23228,73],{"class":72},[62,23230,23231],{"class":68}," dark\n",[62,23233,23234,23237,23239],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23235,23236],{"class":68},"language ",[62,23238,73],{"class":72},[62,23240,23241],{"class":68}," English\n",[62,23243,23244,23247,23249],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23245,23246],{"class":68},"notifications ",[62,23248,73],{"class":72},[62,23250,6615],{"class":1618},[48,23252,1824],{"id":1823},[14,23254,1827,23255,409],{},[18,23256,17244],{},[1256,23258,23260,23261,23263],{"id":23259},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,23262,17244],{}," incorrectly",[14,23265,23266,23267,23269,23270,23273],{},"Each result from ",[18,23268,17244],{}," has ",[3946,23271,23272],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23275,6879],{},[53,23277,23278],{"className":55,"code":21693,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,23279,23280,23316,23320,23340],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23281,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23283,1879],{"class":68},[62,23285,73],{"class":72},[62,23287,256],{"class":95},[62,23289,259],{"class":76},[62,23291,329],{"class":80},[62,23293,259],{"class":76},[62,23295,267],{"class":95},[62,23297,77],{"class":76},[62,23299,1896],{"class":80},[62,23301,259],{"class":76},[62,23303,103],{"class":95},[62,23305,77],{"class":76},[62,23307,1073],{"class":80},[62,23309,259],{"class":76},[62,23311,267],{"class":95},[62,23313,9479],{"class":99},[62,23315,287],{"class":95},[62,23317,23318],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23319,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,23321,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23323,6154],{"class":729},[62,23325,21742],{"class":68},[62,23327,103],{"class":95},[62,23329,1788],{"class":68},[62,23331,4082],{"class":729},[62,23333,13414],{"class":68},[62,23335,409],{"class":95},[62,23337,161],{"class":139},[62,23339,21757],{"class":95},[62,23341,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,23343,754],{"class":127},[62,23345,131],{"class":95},[62,23347,15008],{"class":139},[62,23349,103],{"class":95},[62,23351,8612],{"class":139},[62,23353,434],{"class":95},[14,23355,23356],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[53,23358,23360],{"className":55,"code":23359,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,23361,23362,23398,23402,23418],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23363,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23365,1879],{"class":68},[62,23367,73],{"class":72},[62,23369,256],{"class":95},[62,23371,259],{"class":76},[62,23373,329],{"class":80},[62,23375,259],{"class":76},[62,23377,267],{"class":95},[62,23379,77],{"class":76},[62,23381,1896],{"class":80},[62,23383,259],{"class":76},[62,23385,103],{"class":95},[62,23387,77],{"class":76},[62,23389,1073],{"class":80},[62,23391,259],{"class":76},[62,23393,267],{"class":95},[62,23395,9479],{"class":99},[62,23397,287],{"class":95},[62,23399,23400],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23401,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,23403,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23405,6154],{"class":729},[62,23407,18372],{"class":68},[62,23409,4082],{"class":729},[62,23411,13414],{"class":68},[62,23413,409],{"class":95},[62,23415,161],{"class":139},[62,23417,21757],{"class":95},[62,23419,23420,23422,23424,23426],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,23421,754],{"class":127},[62,23423,131],{"class":95},[62,23425,15008],{"class":139},[62,23427,434],{"class":95},[14,23429,23430,23431,23433,23434,23437],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23432,15008],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23435,23436],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23439,23440],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[53,23442,23444],{"className":55,"code":23443,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23445,23446,23462],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23447,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23449,6154],{"class":729},[62,23451,6157],{"class":68},[62,23453,4082],{"class":729},[62,23455,13414],{"class":68},[62,23457,409],{"class":95},[62,23459,161],{"class":139},[62,23461,21757],{"class":95},[62,23463,23464,23466,23468,23471],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23465,754],{"class":127},[62,23467,131],{"class":95},[62,23469,23470],{"class":139},"item",[62,23472,434],{"class":95},[14,23474,23475],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[53,23477,23479],{"className":55,"code":23478,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23480,23481,23501],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23482,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23484,6154],{"class":729},[62,23486,21742],{"class":68},[62,23488,103],{"class":95},[62,23490,1788],{"class":68},[62,23492,4082],{"class":729},[62,23494,13414],{"class":68},[62,23496,409],{"class":95},[62,23498,161],{"class":139},[62,23500,21757],{"class":95},[62,23502,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23504,754],{"class":127},[62,23506,131],{"class":95},[62,23508,15008],{"class":139},[62,23510,103],{"class":95},[62,23512,8612],{"class":139},[62,23514,434],{"class":95},[1256,23516,8631,23518,23520],{"id":23517},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23519,17244],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23522,23523,22137,23525,23527],{},[18,23524,17244],{},[18,23526,22070],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23529,23530],{},"Check it:",[53,23532,23534],{"className":55,"code":23533,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23535,23536,23568,23572,23586,23604],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23537,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23539,11895],{"class":68},[62,23541,73],{"class":72},[62,23543,256],{"class":95},[62,23545,259],{"class":76},[62,23547,262],{"class":80},[62,23549,259],{"class":76},[62,23551,267],{"class":95},[62,23553,270],{"class":99},[62,23555,103],{"class":95},[62,23557,77],{"class":76},[62,23559,277],{"class":80},[62,23561,259],{"class":76},[62,23563,267],{"class":95},[62,23565,284],{"class":99},[62,23567,287],{"class":95},[62,23569,23570],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23571,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,23573,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23575,128],{"class":127},[62,23577,131],{"class":95},[62,23579,11622],{"class":139},[62,23581,409],{"class":95},[62,23583,161],{"class":139},[62,23585,7385],{"class":95},[62,23587,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,23589,128],{"class":127},[62,23591,131],{"class":95},[62,23593,1690],{"class":430},[62,23595,131],{"class":95},[62,23597,11622],{"class":139},[62,23599,409],{"class":95},[62,23601,161],{"class":139},[62,23603,6485],{"class":95},[62,23605,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,23607,128],{"class":127},[62,23609,131],{"class":95},[62,23611,8276],{"class":430},[62,23613,131],{"class":95},[62,23615,11622],{"class":139},[62,23617,409],{"class":95},[62,23619,161],{"class":139},[62,23621,6485],{"class":95},[14,23623,23624],{},[3946,23625,2282],{},[53,23627,23629],{"className":55,"code":23628,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,23630,23631,23663,23677],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23632,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23634,22070],{"class":139},[62,23636,9830],{"class":95},[62,23638,3503],{"class":76},[62,23640,262],{"class":80},[62,23642,3503],{"class":76},[62,23644,103],{"class":95},[62,23646,270],{"class":99},[62,23648,9408],{"class":95},[62,23650,854],{"class":95},[62,23652,3503],{"class":76},[62,23654,277],{"class":80},[62,23656,3503],{"class":76},[62,23658,103],{"class":95},[62,23660,284],{"class":99},[62,23662,10850],{"class":95},[62,23664,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23666,3492],{"class":72},[62,23668,3495],{"class":2276},[62,23670,3498],{"class":76},[62,23672,22070],{"class":80},[62,23674,3503],{"class":76},[62,23676,3506],{"class":72},[62,23678,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23680,21902],{"class":95},[62,23682,3503],{"class":76},[62,23684,262],{"class":80},[62,23686,3503],{"class":76},[62,23688,103],{"class":95},[62,23690,270],{"class":99},[62,23692,9408],{"class":95},[62,23694,854],{"class":95},[62,23696,3503],{"class":76},[62,23698,277],{"class":80},[62,23700,3503],{"class":76},[62,23702,103],{"class":95},[62,23704,284],{"class":99},[62,23706,9423],{"class":95},[1256,23708,23710,23711],{"id":23709},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23712,17244],{},[14,23714,23715],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23717,23718],{},"Problem example:",[53,23720,23722],{"className":55,"code":23721,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23723,23724,23768,23772,23792,23804],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23725,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23727,225],{"class":68},[62,23729,73],{"class":72},[62,23731,256],{"class":95},[62,23733,259],{"class":76},[62,23735,262],{"class":80},[62,23737,259],{"class":76},[62,23739,267],{"class":95},[62,23741,270],{"class":99},[62,23743,103],{"class":95},[62,23745,77],{"class":76},[62,23747,277],{"class":80},[62,23749,259],{"class":76},[62,23751,267],{"class":95},[62,23753,284],{"class":99},[62,23755,103],{"class":95},[62,23757,77],{"class":76},[62,23759,9912],{"class":80},[62,23761,259],{"class":76},[62,23763,267],{"class":95},[62,23765,508],{"class":99},[62,23767,287],{"class":95},[62,23769,23770],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23771,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,23773,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23775,6154],{"class":729},[62,23777,21742],{"class":68},[62,23779,103],{"class":95},[62,23781,1788],{"class":68},[62,23783,4082],{"class":729},[62,23785,4462],{"class":68},[62,23787,409],{"class":95},[62,23789,161],{"class":139},[62,23791,21757],{"class":95},[62,23793,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,23795,6592],{"class":729},[62,23797,1788],{"class":68},[62,23799,4888],{"class":72},[62,23801,284],{"class":99},[62,23803,749],{"class":95},[62,23805,23806,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,23807,23808],{"class":68},"        numbers",[62,23810,948],{"class":95},[62,23812,259],{"class":76},[62,23814,18931],{"class":80},[62,23816,259],{"class":76},[62,23818,13440],{"class":95},[62,23820,13443],{"class":72},[62,23822,23823],{"class":99}," 4\n",[14,23825,23826],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23828,23829],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[53,23831,23833],{"className":55,"code":23832,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23834,23835,23879,23883,23908,23920,23938,23942],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23836,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23838,225],{"class":68},[62,23840,73],{"class":72},[62,23842,256],{"class":95},[62,23844,259],{"class":76},[62,23846,262],{"class":80},[62,23848,259],{"class":76},[62,23850,267],{"class":95},[62,23852,270],{"class":99},[62,23854,103],{"class":95},[62,23856,77],{"class":76},[62,23858,277],{"class":80},[62,23860,259],{"class":76},[62,23862,267],{"class":95},[62,23864,284],{"class":99},[62,23866,103],{"class":95},[62,23868,77],{"class":76},[62,23870,9912],{"class":80},[62,23872,259],{"class":76},[62,23874,267],{"class":95},[62,23876,508],{"class":99},[62,23878,287],{"class":95},[62,23880,23881],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23882,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,23884,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,23886,6154],{"class":729},[62,23888,21742],{"class":68},[62,23890,103],{"class":95},[62,23892,1788],{"class":68},[62,23894,4082],{"class":729},[62,23896,1733],{"class":430},[62,23898,131],{"class":95},[62,23900,348],{"class":139},[62,23902,409],{"class":95},[62,23904,161],{"class":139},[62,23906,23907],{"class":95},"()):\n",[62,23909,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,23911,6592],{"class":729},[62,23913,1788],{"class":68},[62,23915,4888],{"class":72},[62,23917,284],{"class":99},[62,23919,749],{"class":95},[62,23921,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,23923,23808],{"class":68},[62,23925,948],{"class":95},[62,23927,259],{"class":76},[62,23929,18931],{"class":80},[62,23931,259],{"class":76},[62,23933,13440],{"class":95},[62,23935,13443],{"class":72},[62,23937,23823],{"class":99},[62,23939,23940],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,23941,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,23943,23944,23946,23948,23950],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,23945,128],{"class":127},[62,23947,131],{"class":95},[62,23949,348],{"class":139},[62,23951,434],{"class":95},[1256,23953,23955],{"id":23954},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23957,23958],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[53,23960,23962],{"className":55,"code":23961,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23963,23964,23996,24000,24016],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,23965,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,23967,251],{"class":68},[62,23969,73],{"class":72},[62,23971,256],{"class":95},[62,23973,259],{"class":76},[62,23975,552],{"class":80},[62,23977,259],{"class":76},[62,23979,267],{"class":95},[62,23981,6200],{"class":99},[62,23983,103],{"class":95},[62,23985,77],{"class":76},[62,23987,11916],{"class":80},[62,23989,259],{"class":76},[62,23991,267],{"class":95},[62,23993,106],{"class":99},[62,23995,287],{"class":95},[62,23997,23998],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,23999,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,24001,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,24003,6154],{"class":729},[62,24005,6157],{"class":68},[62,24007,4082],{"class":729},[62,24009,14733],{"class":68},[62,24011,409],{"class":95},[62,24013,161],{"class":139},[62,24015,21757],{"class":95},[62,24017,24018,24020,24022,24024],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,24019,754],{"class":127},[62,24021,131],{"class":95},[62,24023,23470],{"class":139},[62,24025,434],{"class":95},[14,24027,24028],{},[3946,24029,2282],{},[53,24031,24033],{"className":55,"code":24032,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,24034,24035,24051],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24036,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24038,131],{"class":95},[62,24040,3503],{"class":76},[62,24042,552],{"class":80},[62,24044,3503],{"class":76},[62,24046,103],{"class":95},[62,24048,6200],{"class":99},[62,24050,434],{"class":95},[62,24052,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24054,131],{"class":95},[62,24056,3503],{"class":76},[62,24058,11916],{"class":80},[62,24060,3503],{"class":76},[62,24062,103],{"class":95},[62,24064,106],{"class":99},[62,24066,434],{"class":95},[14,24068,24069,24070,24072],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,24071,21817],{}," pair.",[48,24074,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,24076,24078,24079,5343],{"id":24077},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,24080,17244],{},[14,24082,17587,24083,24085],{},[18,24084,22070],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1256,24087,12875,24089,24091],{"id":24088},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,24090,17244],{}," return a list?",[14,24093,24094,24095,24098],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,24096,24097],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1256,24100,24102,24103,632],{"id":24101},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,24104,17244],{},[14,24106,24107],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[53,24109,24111],{"className":55,"code":24110,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,24112,24113,24133],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24114,24115,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24116,6154],{"class":729},[62,24118,21742],{"class":68},[62,24120,103],{"class":95},[62,24122,1788],{"class":68},[62,24124,4082],{"class":729},[62,24126,11937],{"class":68},[62,24128,409],{"class":95},[62,24130,161],{"class":139},[62,24132,21757],{"class":95},[62,24134,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24136,754],{"class":127},[62,24138,131],{"class":95},[62,24140,15008],{"class":139},[62,24142,103],{"class":95},[62,24144,8612],{"class":139},[62,24146,434],{"class":95},[1256,24148,12875,24150,24152],{"id":24149},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,24151,17244],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24154,24155],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[48,24157,2109],{"id":2108},[29,24159,24160,24166,24172,24177,24181],{},[32,24161,24162],{},[262,24163,10908,24164,10912],{"href":23047},[18,24165,17232],{},[32,24167,24168],{},[262,24169,10908,24170,10912],{"href":23055},[18,24171,17238],{},[32,24173,24174],{},[262,24175,24176],{"href":22635},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[32,24178,24179],{},[262,24180,408],{"href":13193},[32,24182,24183],{},[262,24184,24185],{"href":21940},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2145,24187,24188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":24190},[24191,24192,24194,24195,24196,24198,24199,24201,24203,24212,24222],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":21800,"depth":87,"text":24193},"What items() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":22131,"depth":87,"text":22132},{"id":22357,"depth":87,"text":24197},"Looping with items()",{"id":22639,"depth":87,"text":22640},{"id":22830,"depth":87,"text":24200},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23065,"depth":87,"text":24202},"When to use items()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":24204},[24205,24207,24209,24211],{"id":23259,"depth":117,"text":24206},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23517,"depth":117,"text":24208},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23709,"depth":117,"text":24210},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23954,"depth":117,"text":23955},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":24213},[24214,24216,24218,24220],{"id":24077,"depth":117,"text":24215},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24088,"depth":117,"text":24217},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24101,"depth":117,"text":24219},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24149,"depth":117,"text":24221},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21669,"description":24223},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24230,"title":24231,"body":24232,"description":26323,"extension":2174,"meta":26324,"navigation":120,"path":23047,"seo":26325,"stem":26326,"__hash__":26327},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24233,"toc":26289},[24234,24239,24245,24248,24259,24266,24268,24351,24355,24402,24407,24412,24417,24419,24435,24437,24536,24540,24597,24600,24602,24605,24698,24702,24765,24768,24784,24789,24791,24793,24808,24810,24821,24823,24866,24869,24913,24916,24918,24925,24928,24945,24947,25040,25044,25085,25097,25101,25104,25192,25196,25216,25219,25246,25253,25258,25262,25273,25275,25379,25383,25409,25412,25479,25484,25487,25510,25515,25519,25524,25530,25535,25537,25592,25596,25623,25630,25636,25639,25664,25670,25696,25699,25774,25781,25786,25788,25827,25845,25849,25852,25895,25898,25900,25919,25921,25926,25951,25954,26024,26027,26100,26104,26106,26167,26170,26186,26188,26193,26198,26205,26214,26220,26226,26233,26239,26243,26248,26250,26286],[10,24235,11490,24237,11494],{"id":24236},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,24238,17232],{},[14,24240,24241,24242,24244],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,24243,17232],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24246,24247],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[29,24249,24250,24253,24256],{},[32,24251,24252],{},"view the available keys",[32,24254,24255],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[32,24257,24258],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24260,24261,24263,24264,409],{},[18,24262,17232],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,24265,17181],{},[48,24267,51],{"id":50},[53,24269,24271],{"className":55,"code":24270,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,24272,24273,24309,24323,24327,24337],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24274,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24276,1040],{"class":68},[62,24278,73],{"class":72},[62,24280,256],{"class":95},[62,24282,259],{"class":76},[62,24284,329],{"class":80},[62,24286,259],{"class":76},[62,24288,267],{"class":95},[62,24290,77],{"class":76},[62,24292,1896],{"class":80},[62,24294,259],{"class":76},[62,24296,103],{"class":95},[62,24298,77],{"class":76},[62,24300,1073],{"class":80},[62,24302,259],{"class":76},[62,24304,267],{"class":95},[62,24306,106],{"class":99},[62,24308,287],{"class":95},[62,24310,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24312,17408],{"class":68},[62,24314,73],{"class":72},[62,24316,13076],{"class":68},[62,24318,409],{"class":95},[62,24320,17090],{"class":139},[62,24322,8822],{"class":95},[62,24324,24325],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,24326,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,24328,24329,24331,24333,24335],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,24330,128],{"class":127},[62,24332,131],{"class":95},[62,24334,17090],{"class":139},[62,24336,434],{"class":95},[62,24338,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,24340,128],{"class":127},[62,24342,131],{"class":95},[62,24344,8276],{"class":430},[62,24346,131],{"class":95},[62,24348,17090],{"class":139},[62,24350,1013],{"class":95},[14,24352,24353],{},[3946,24354,2282],{},[53,24356,24358],{"className":55,"code":24357,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,24359,24360,24382],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24361,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24363,17181],{"class":139},[62,24365,496],{"class":95},[62,24367,3503],{"class":76},[62,24369,329],{"class":80},[62,24371,3503],{"class":76},[62,24373,103],{"class":95},[62,24375,3498],{"class":76},[62,24377,1073],{"class":80},[62,24379,3503],{"class":76},[62,24381,4088],{"class":95},[62,24383,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24385,948],{"class":95},[62,24387,3503],{"class":76},[62,24389,329],{"class":80},[62,24391,3503],{"class":76},[62,24393,103],{"class":95},[62,24395,3498],{"class":76},[62,24397,1073],{"class":80},[62,24399,3503],{"class":76},[62,24401,114],{"class":95},[14,24403,169,24404,24406],{},[18,24405,17232],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[48,24408,3879,24410,3882],{"id":24409},"what-keys-does",[18,24411,17232],{},[14,24413,24414,24416],{},[18,24415,17232],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24418,11631],{},[29,24420,24421,24424,24427,24432],{},[32,24422,24423],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[32,24425,24426],{},"It does not need any arguments",[32,24428,17587,24429,24431],{},[18,24430,17181],{}," view object, not a list",[32,24433,24434],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24436,201],{},[53,24438,24440],{"className":55,"code":24439,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24441,24442,24478,24482,24496,24500,24522],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24443,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24445,1879],{"class":68},[62,24447,73],{"class":72},[62,24449,256],{"class":95},[62,24451,259],{"class":76},[62,24453,329],{"class":80},[62,24455,259],{"class":76},[62,24457,267],{"class":95},[62,24459,77],{"class":76},[62,24461,13388],{"class":80},[62,24463,259],{"class":76},[62,24465,103],{"class":95},[62,24467,77],{"class":76},[62,24469,1073],{"class":80},[62,24471,259],{"class":76},[62,24473,267],{"class":95},[62,24475,9479],{"class":99},[62,24477,287],{"class":95},[62,24479,24480],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24481,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,24483,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,24485,128],{"class":127},[62,24487,131],{"class":95},[62,24489,1925],{"class":139},[62,24491,409],{"class":95},[62,24493,17090],{"class":139},[62,24495,7385],{"class":95},[62,24497,24498],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,24499,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,24501,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,24503,1925],{"class":68},[62,24505,948],{"class":95},[62,24507,259],{"class":76},[62,24509,10581],{"class":80},[62,24511,259],{"class":76},[62,24513,13440],{"class":95},[62,24515,13443],{"class":72},[62,24517,77],{"class":76},[62,24519,10588],{"class":80},[62,24521,84],{"class":76},[62,24523,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,24525,128],{"class":127},[62,24527,131],{"class":95},[62,24529,1925],{"class":139},[62,24531,409],{"class":95},[62,24533,17090],{"class":139},[62,24535,7385],{"class":95},[14,24537,24538],{},[3946,24539,2282],{},[53,24541,24543],{"className":55,"code":24542,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,24544,24545,24567],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24546,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24548,17181],{"class":139},[62,24550,496],{"class":95},[62,24552,3503],{"class":76},[62,24554,329],{"class":80},[62,24556,3503],{"class":76},[62,24558,103],{"class":95},[62,24560,3498],{"class":76},[62,24562,1073],{"class":80},[62,24564,3503],{"class":76},[62,24566,4088],{"class":95},[62,24568,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24570,17181],{"class":139},[62,24572,496],{"class":95},[62,24574,3503],{"class":76},[62,24576,329],{"class":80},[62,24578,3503],{"class":76},[62,24580,103],{"class":95},[62,24582,3498],{"class":76},[62,24584,1073],{"class":80},[62,24586,3503],{"class":76},[62,24588,103],{"class":95},[62,24590,3498],{"class":76},[62,24592,10581],{"class":80},[62,24594,3503],{"class":76},[62,24596,4088],{"class":95},[14,24598,24599],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[48,24601,5983],{"id":5982},[14,24603,24604],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[53,24606,24608],{"className":55,"code":24607,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,24609,24610,24662,24666,24680],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24611,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24613,251],{"class":68},[62,24615,73],{"class":72},[62,24617,256],{"class":95},[62,24619,259],{"class":76},[62,24621,329],{"class":80},[62,24623,259],{"class":76},[62,24625,267],{"class":95},[62,24627,77],{"class":76},[62,24629,1896],{"class":80},[62,24631,259],{"class":76},[62,24633,103],{"class":95},[62,24635,77],{"class":76},[62,24637,1073],{"class":80},[62,24639,259],{"class":76},[62,24641,267],{"class":95},[62,24643,106],{"class":99},[62,24645,103],{"class":95},[62,24647,77],{"class":76},[62,24649,1089],{"class":80},[62,24651,259],{"class":76},[62,24653,267],{"class":95},[62,24655,77],{"class":76},[62,24657,1098],{"class":80},[62,24659,259],{"class":76},[62,24661,287],{"class":95},[62,24663,24664],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24665,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,24667,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,24669,128],{"class":127},[62,24671,131],{"class":95},[62,24673,367],{"class":139},[62,24675,409],{"class":95},[62,24677,17090],{"class":139},[62,24679,7385],{"class":95},[62,24681,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,24683,128],{"class":127},[62,24685,131],{"class":95},[62,24687,8276],{"class":430},[62,24689,131],{"class":95},[62,24691,367],{"class":139},[62,24693,409],{"class":95},[62,24695,17090],{"class":139},[62,24697,6485],{"class":95},[14,24699,24700],{},[3946,24701,2282],{},[53,24703,24705],{"className":55,"code":24704,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24706,24707,24737],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24708,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24710,17181],{"class":139},[62,24712,496],{"class":95},[62,24714,3503],{"class":76},[62,24716,329],{"class":80},[62,24718,3503],{"class":76},[62,24720,103],{"class":95},[62,24722,3498],{"class":76},[62,24724,1073],{"class":80},[62,24726,3503],{"class":76},[62,24728,103],{"class":95},[62,24730,3498],{"class":76},[62,24732,1089],{"class":80},[62,24734,3503],{"class":76},[62,24736,4088],{"class":95},[62,24738,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24740,948],{"class":95},[62,24742,3503],{"class":76},[62,24744,329],{"class":80},[62,24746,3503],{"class":76},[62,24748,103],{"class":95},[62,24750,3498],{"class":76},[62,24752,1073],{"class":80},[62,24754,3503],{"class":76},[62,24756,103],{"class":95},[62,24758,3498],{"class":76},[62,24760,1089],{"class":80},[62,24762,3503],{"class":76},[62,24764,114],{"class":95},[14,24766,24767],{},"This shows two things:",[29,24769,24770,24778],{},[32,24771,24772,22137,24775,24777],{},[18,24773,24774],{},"data.keys()",[18,24776,17181],{}," object",[32,24779,24780,24783],{},[18,24781,24782],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24785,9331,24786,409],{},[262,24787,24788],{"href":9563},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[48,24790,5629],{"id":5628},[14,24792,416],{},[53,24794,24796],{"className":55,"code":24795,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24797,24798],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24799,24800,24802,24804,24806],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24801,11622],{"class":68},[62,24803,409],{"class":95},[62,24805,17090],{"class":139},[62,24807,8822],{"class":95},[14,24809,21962],{},[29,24811,24812,24815,24818],{},[32,24813,24814],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[32,24816,24817],{},"It takes no parameters",[32,24819,24820],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24822,16822],{},[53,24824,24826],{"className":55,"code":24825,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24827,24828,24852],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24829,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24831,1040],{"class":68},[62,24833,73],{"class":72},[62,24835,256],{"class":95},[62,24837,259],{"class":76},[62,24839,329],{"class":80},[62,24841,259],{"class":76},[62,24843,267],{"class":95},[62,24845,77],{"class":76},[62,24847,1896],{"class":80},[62,24849,259],{"class":76},[62,24851,287],{"class":95},[62,24853,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24855,128],{"class":127},[62,24857,131],{"class":95},[62,24859,1121],{"class":139},[62,24861,409],{"class":95},[62,24863,17090],{"class":139},[62,24865,7385],{"class":95},[14,24867,24868],{},"Incorrect:",[53,24870,24872],{"className":55,"code":24871,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,24873,24874,24898],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24875,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24877,1040],{"class":68},[62,24879,73],{"class":72},[62,24881,256],{"class":95},[62,24883,259],{"class":76},[62,24885,329],{"class":80},[62,24887,259],{"class":76},[62,24889,267],{"class":95},[62,24891,77],{"class":76},[62,24893,1896],{"class":80},[62,24895,259],{"class":76},[62,24897,287],{"class":95},[62,24899,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24911],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24901,128],{"class":127},[62,24903,131],{"class":95},[62,24905,1121],{"class":139},[62,24907,409],{"class":95},[62,24909,17090],{"class":24910},"skxfh",[62,24912,434],{"class":95},[14,24914,24915],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[48,24917,17584],{"id":17583},[14,24919,24920,22137,24922,24924],{},[18,24921,17232],{},[18,24923,17181],{}," object.",[14,24926,24927],{},"This object:",[29,24929,24930,24933,24936,24942],{},[32,24931,24932],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[32,24934,24935],{},"can be used in a loop",[32,24937,24938,24939],{},"can be converted with ",[18,24940,24941],{},"list()",[32,24943,24944],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24946,201],{},[53,24948,24950],{"className":55,"code":24949,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,24951,24952,24993,24997,25012,25016,25026],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,24953,24954,24957,24959,24961,24963,24966,24968,24970,24972,24975,24977,24979,24981,24984,24986,24988,24991],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,24955,24956],{"class":68},"car ",[62,24958,73],{"class":72},[62,24960,256],{"class":95},[62,24962,259],{"class":76},[62,24964,24965],{"class":80},"brand",[62,24967,259],{"class":76},[62,24969,267],{"class":95},[62,24971,77],{"class":76},[62,24973,24974],{"class":80},"Toyota",[62,24976,259],{"class":76},[62,24978,103],{"class":95},[62,24980,77],{"class":76},[62,24982,24983],{"class":80},"year",[62,24985,259],{"class":76},[62,24987,267],{"class":95},[62,24989,24990],{"class":99}," 2020",[62,24992,287],{"class":95},[62,24994,24995],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,24996,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,24998,24999,25001,25003,25006,25008,25010],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,25000,2435],{"class":68},[62,25002,73],{"class":72},[62,25004,25005],{"class":68}," car",[62,25007,409],{"class":95},[62,25009,17090],{"class":139},[62,25011,8822],{"class":95},[62,25013,25014],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,25015,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,25017,25018,25020,25022,25024],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,25019,128],{"class":127},[62,25021,131],{"class":95},[62,25023,2470],{"class":139},[62,25025,434],{"class":95},[62,25027,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,25029,128],{"class":127},[62,25031,131],{"class":95},[62,25033,1690],{"class":430},[62,25035,131],{"class":95},[62,25037,2470],{"class":139},[62,25039,1013],{"class":95},[14,25041,25042],{},[3946,25043,2282],{},[53,25045,25047],{"className":55,"code":25046,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,25048,25049,25071],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25050,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25052,17181],{"class":139},[62,25054,496],{"class":95},[62,25056,3503],{"class":76},[62,25058,24965],{"class":80},[62,25060,3503],{"class":76},[62,25062,103],{"class":95},[62,25064,3498],{"class":76},[62,25066,24983],{"class":80},[62,25068,3503],{"class":76},[62,25070,4088],{"class":95},[62,25072,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25074,3492],{"class":72},[62,25076,3495],{"class":2276},[62,25078,3498],{"class":76},[62,25080,17181],{"class":80},[62,25082,3503],{"class":76},[62,25084,3506],{"class":72},[14,25086,25087,25088,25092,25093,409],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[262,25089,10908,25090,10912],{"href":17235},[18,25091,17238],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[262,25094,10908,25095,10912],{"href":17241},[18,25096,17244],{},[48,25098,25100],{"id":25099},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25102,25103],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[53,25105,25107],{"className":55,"code":25106,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25108,25109,25162,25166,25182],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25110,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25158,25160],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25112,1040],{"class":68},[62,25114,73],{"class":72},[62,25116,256],{"class":95},[62,25118,259],{"class":76},[62,25120,329],{"class":80},[62,25122,259],{"class":76},[62,25124,267],{"class":95},[62,25126,77],{"class":76},[62,25128,1896],{"class":80},[62,25130,259],{"class":76},[62,25132,103],{"class":95},[62,25134,77],{"class":76},[62,25136,1073],{"class":80},[62,25138,259],{"class":76},[62,25140,267],{"class":95},[62,25142,106],{"class":99},[62,25144,103],{"class":95},[62,25146,77],{"class":76},[62,25148,15495],{"class":80},[62,25150,259],{"class":76},[62,25152,267],{"class":95},[62,25154,77],{"class":76},[62,25156,25157],{"class":80},"Math",[62,25159,259],{"class":76},[62,25161,287],{"class":95},[62,25163,25164],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25165,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,25167,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,25169,6154],{"class":729},[62,25171,18372],{"class":68},[62,25173,4082],{"class":729},[62,25175,13076],{"class":68},[62,25177,409],{"class":95},[62,25179,17090],{"class":139},[62,25181,21757],{"class":95},[62,25183,25184,25186,25188,25190],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,25185,754],{"class":127},[62,25187,131],{"class":95},[62,25189,15008],{"class":139},[62,25191,434],{"class":95},[14,25193,25194],{},[3946,25195,2282],{},[53,25197,25199],{"className":55,"code":25198,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,25200,25201,25206,25211],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25202,25203],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25204,25205],{"class":68},"name\n",[62,25207,25208],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25209,25210],{"class":68},"age\n",[62,25212,25213],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,25214,25215],{"class":68},"course\n",[14,25217,25218],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[53,25220,25222],{"className":55,"code":25221,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,25223,25224,25236],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25225,25226,25228,25230,25232,25234],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25227,6154],{"class":729},[62,25229,18372],{"class":68},[62,25231,4082],{"class":729},[62,25233,13076],{"class":68},[62,25235,749],{"class":95},[62,25237,25238,25240,25242,25244],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25239,754],{"class":127},[62,25241,131],{"class":95},[62,25243,15008],{"class":139},[62,25245,434],{"class":95},[14,25247,25248,25249,25252],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,25250,25251],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[48,25254,5160,25256],{"id":25255},"when-to-use-keys",[18,25257,17232],{},[14,25259,169,25260,10772],{},[18,25261,17232],{},[29,25263,25264,25267,25270],{},[32,25265,25266],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[32,25268,25269],{},"you want to display available fields",[32,25271,25272],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25274,201],{},[53,25276,25278],{"className":55,"code":25277,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25279,25280,25333,25337,25352,25369],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25281,25282,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25302,25304,25306,25308,25311,25313,25315,25318,25320,25322,25325,25327,25329,25331],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25283,25284],{"class":68},"product ",[62,25286,73],{"class":72},[62,25288,256],{"class":95},[62,25290,259],{"class":76},[62,25292,329],{"class":80},[62,25294,259],{"class":76},[62,25296,267],{"class":95},[62,25298,77],{"class":76},[62,25300,25301],{"class":80},"Book",[62,25303,259],{"class":76},[62,25305,103],{"class":95},[62,25307,77],{"class":76},[62,25309,25310],{"class":80},"price",[62,25312,259],{"class":76},[62,25314,267],{"class":95},[62,25316,25317],{"class":99}," 12.99",[62,25319,103],{"class":95},[62,25321,77],{"class":76},[62,25323,25324],{"class":80},"stock",[62,25326,259],{"class":76},[62,25328,267],{"class":95},[62,25330,4804],{"class":99},[62,25332,287],{"class":95},[62,25334,25335],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25336,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,25338,25339,25341,25343,25345,25348,25350],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,25340,128],{"class":127},[62,25342,131],{"class":95},[62,25344,259],{"class":76},[62,25346,25347],{"class":80},"Available fields:",[62,25349,259],{"class":76},[62,25351,434],{"class":95},[62,25353,25354,25356,25358,25360,25363,25365,25367],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,25355,6154],{"class":729},[62,25357,18372],{"class":68},[62,25359,4082],{"class":729},[62,25361,25362],{"class":68}," product",[62,25364,409],{"class":95},[62,25366,17090],{"class":139},[62,25368,21757],{"class":95},[62,25370,25371,25373,25375,25377],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,25372,754],{"class":127},[62,25374,131],{"class":95},[62,25376,15008],{"class":139},[62,25378,434],{"class":95},[14,25380,25381],{},[3946,25382,2282],{},[53,25384,25386],{"className":55,"code":25385,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,25387,25388,25395,25399,25404],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25389,25390,25393],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25391,25392],{"class":68},"Available fields",[62,25394,749],{"class":95},[62,25396,25397],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25398,25205],{"class":68},[62,25400,25401],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,25402,25403],{"class":68},"price\n",[62,25405,25406],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,25407,25408],{"class":68},"stock\n",[14,25410,25411],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[53,25413,25415],{"className":55,"code":25414,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25416,25417,25453,25457],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25418,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25420,25284],{"class":68},[62,25422,73],{"class":72},[62,25424,256],{"class":95},[62,25426,259],{"class":76},[62,25428,329],{"class":80},[62,25430,259],{"class":76},[62,25432,267],{"class":95},[62,25434,77],{"class":76},[62,25436,25301],{"class":80},[62,25438,259],{"class":76},[62,25440,103],{"class":95},[62,25442,77],{"class":76},[62,25444,25310],{"class":80},[62,25446,259],{"class":76},[62,25448,267],{"class":95},[62,25450,25317],{"class":99},[62,25452,287],{"class":95},[62,25454,25455],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25456,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,25458,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,25460,128],{"class":127},[62,25462,131],{"class":95},[62,25464,259],{"class":76},[62,25466,329],{"class":80},[62,25468,259],{"class":76},[62,25470,21336],{"class":729},[62,25472,25362],{"class":139},[62,25474,409],{"class":95},[62,25476,17090],{"class":139},[62,25478,7385],{"class":95},[14,25480,25481,25482,409],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25483,3808],{},[14,25485,25486],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[53,25488,25490],{"className":55,"code":25489,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25491,25492],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25493,25494,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25495,128],{"class":127},[62,25497,131],{"class":95},[62,25499,259],{"class":76},[62,25501,329],{"class":80},[62,25503,259],{"class":76},[62,25505,21336],{"class":729},[62,25507,25362],{"class":139},[62,25509,434],{"class":95},[14,25511,25512,25513,409],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[262,25514,21369],{"href":17319},[48,25516,25518],{"id":25517},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25520,25521,25522,409],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25523,17232],{},[1256,25525,8631,25527,25529],{"id":25526},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25528,17232],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25531,25532,25534],{},[18,25533,17232],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25536,201],{},[53,25538,25540],{"className":55,"code":25539,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,25541,25542,25578],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25543,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574,25576],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25545,251],{"class":68},[62,25547,73],{"class":72},[62,25549,256],{"class":95},[62,25551,259],{"class":76},[62,25553,329],{"class":80},[62,25555,259],{"class":76},[62,25557,267],{"class":95},[62,25559,77],{"class":76},[62,25561,1896],{"class":80},[62,25563,259],{"class":76},[62,25565,103],{"class":95},[62,25567,77],{"class":76},[62,25569,1073],{"class":80},[62,25571,259],{"class":76},[62,25573,267],{"class":95},[62,25575,106],{"class":99},[62,25577,287],{"class":95},[62,25579,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25581,128],{"class":127},[62,25583,131],{"class":95},[62,25585,367],{"class":139},[62,25587,409],{"class":95},[62,25589,17090],{"class":139},[62,25591,7385],{"class":95},[14,25593,25594],{},[3946,25595,2282],{},[53,25597,25599],{"className":55,"code":25598,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,25600,25601],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25602,25603,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615,25617,25619,25621],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25604,17181],{"class":139},[62,25606,496],{"class":95},[62,25608,3503],{"class":76},[62,25610,329],{"class":80},[62,25612,3503],{"class":76},[62,25614,103],{"class":95},[62,25616,3498],{"class":76},[62,25618,1073],{"class":80},[62,25620,3503],{"class":76},[62,25622,4088],{"class":95},[14,25624,25625,25626,409],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[262,25627,25628],{"href":17241},[18,25629,17244],{},[1256,25631,25633,25634],{"id":25632},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,25635,17181],{},[14,25637,25638],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[53,25640,25642],{"className":55,"code":25641,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,25643,25644],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25645,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25647,948],{"class":95},[62,25649,3503],{"class":76},[62,25651,329],{"class":80},[62,25653,3503],{"class":76},[62,25655,103],{"class":95},[62,25657,3498],{"class":76},[62,25659,1073],{"class":80},[62,25661,3503],{"class":76},[62,25663,114],{"class":95},[14,25665,25666,25667,25669],{},"But ",[18,25668,17232],{}," returns:",[53,25671,25672],{"className":55,"code":25598,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,25673,25674],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25675,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25677,17181],{"class":139},[62,25679,496],{"class":95},[62,25681,3503],{"class":76},[62,25683,329],{"class":80},[62,25685,3503],{"class":76},[62,25687,103],{"class":95},[62,25689,3498],{"class":76},[62,25691,1073],{"class":80},[62,25693,3503],{"class":76},[62,25695,4088],{"class":95},[14,25697,25698],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[53,25700,25702],{"className":55,"code":25701,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25703,25704,25740,25759,25763],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25705,25706,25708,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732,25734,25736,25738],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25707,251],{"class":68},[62,25709,73],{"class":72},[62,25711,256],{"class":95},[62,25713,259],{"class":76},[62,25715,329],{"class":80},[62,25717,259],{"class":76},[62,25719,267],{"class":95},[62,25721,77],{"class":76},[62,25723,1896],{"class":80},[62,25725,259],{"class":76},[62,25727,103],{"class":95},[62,25729,77],{"class":76},[62,25731,1073],{"class":80},[62,25733,259],{"class":76},[62,25735,267],{"class":95},[62,25737,106],{"class":99},[62,25739,287],{"class":95},[62,25741,25742,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25743,25744],{"class":68},"key_list ",[62,25746,73],{"class":72},[62,25748,1733],{"class":430},[62,25750,131],{"class":95},[62,25752,367],{"class":139},[62,25754,409],{"class":95},[62,25756,17090],{"class":139},[62,25758,7385],{"class":95},[62,25760,25761],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,25762,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,25764,25765,25767,25769,25772],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,25766,128],{"class":127},[62,25768,131],{"class":95},[62,25770,25771],{"class":139},"key_list",[62,25773,434],{"class":95},[1256,25775,25777,25778,25780],{"id":25776},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25779,17232],{}," on a list or string",[14,25782,25783,25785],{},[18,25784,17232],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25787,3040],{},[53,25789,25791],{"className":55,"code":25790,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25792,25793,25813],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25794,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25796,225],{"class":68},[62,25798,73],{"class":72},[62,25800,96],{"class":95},[62,25802,499],{"class":99},[62,25804,103],{"class":95},[62,25806,284],{"class":99},[62,25808,103],{"class":95},[62,25810,508],{"class":99},[62,25812,114],{"class":95},[62,25814,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25816,128],{"class":127},[62,25818,131],{"class":95},[62,25820,348],{"class":139},[62,25822,409],{"class":95},[62,25824,17090],{"class":139},[62,25826,7385],{"class":95},[14,25828,25829,25830,25833,25834,25836,25837,409],{},"You may get an ",[18,25831,25832],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25835,17232],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[262,25838,25840,25841,25844],{"href":25839},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25842,25843],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1256,25846,25848],{"id":25847},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25850,25851],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[53,25853,25855],{"className":55,"code":25854,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25856,25857,25881],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25858,25859,25861,25863,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25860,251],{"class":68},[62,25862,73],{"class":72},[62,25864,256],{"class":95},[62,25866,259],{"class":76},[62,25868,329],{"class":80},[62,25870,259],{"class":76},[62,25872,267],{"class":95},[62,25874,77],{"class":76},[62,25876,1896],{"class":80},[62,25878,259],{"class":76},[62,25880,287],{"class":95},[62,25882,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25884,128],{"class":127},[62,25886,131],{"class":95},[62,25888,367],{"class":139},[62,25890,409],{"class":95},[62,25892,17090],{"class":24910},[62,25894,434],{"class":95},[14,25896,25897],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25899,18858],{},[53,25901,25903],{"className":55,"code":25902,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,25904,25905],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25906,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25908,128],{"class":127},[62,25910,131],{"class":95},[62,25912,367],{"class":139},[62,25914,409],{"class":95},[62,25916,17090],{"class":139},[62,25918,7385],{"class":95},[48,25920,1824],{"id":1823},[14,25922,25923,25924,267],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,25925,17232],{},[29,25927,25928,25933,25939,25945],{},[32,25929,1834,25930,25932],{},[18,25931,17232],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[32,25934,25935,25936,25938],{},"Thinking ",[18,25937,17232],{}," returns values too",[32,25940,25941,25942,25944],{},"Trying to index ",[18,25943,17181],{}," like a normal list",[32,25946,25947,25948,25950],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,25949,17181],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25952,25953],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[53,25955,25957],{"className":55,"code":25956,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,25958,25959,25991,26005,26009,26019],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,25960,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983,25985,25987,25989],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,25962,251],{"class":68},[62,25964,73],{"class":72},[62,25966,256],{"class":95},[62,25968,259],{"class":76},[62,25970,262],{"class":80},[62,25972,259],{"class":76},[62,25974,267],{"class":95},[62,25976,270],{"class":99},[62,25978,103],{"class":95},[62,25980,77],{"class":76},[62,25982,277],{"class":80},[62,25984,259],{"class":76},[62,25986,267],{"class":95},[62,25988,284],{"class":99},[62,25990,287],{"class":95},[62,25992,25993,25995,25997,25999,26001,26003],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,25994,17408],{"class":68},[62,25996,73],{"class":72},[62,25998,14733],{"class":68},[62,26000,409],{"class":95},[62,26002,17090],{"class":139},[62,26004,8822],{"class":95},[62,26006,26007],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,26008,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,26010,26011,26013,26015,26017],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,26012,128],{"class":127},[62,26014,131],{"class":95},[62,26016,17090],{"class":139},[62,26018,434],{"class":95},[62,26020,26021],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,26022,26023],{"class":146},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26025,26026],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[53,26028,26030],{"className":55,"code":26029,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,26031,26032,26064,26082,26086],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,26033,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,26035,251],{"class":68},[62,26037,73],{"class":72},[62,26039,256],{"class":95},[62,26041,259],{"class":76},[62,26043,262],{"class":80},[62,26045,259],{"class":76},[62,26047,267],{"class":95},[62,26049,270],{"class":99},[62,26051,103],{"class":95},[62,26053,77],{"class":76},[62,26055,277],{"class":80},[62,26057,259],{"class":76},[62,26059,267],{"class":95},[62,26061,284],{"class":99},[62,26063,287],{"class":95},[62,26065,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,26067,17408],{"class":68},[62,26069,73],{"class":72},[62,26071,1733],{"class":430},[62,26073,131],{"class":95},[62,26075,367],{"class":139},[62,26077,409],{"class":95},[62,26079,17090],{"class":139},[62,26081,7385],{"class":95},[62,26083,26084],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,26085,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,26087,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,26089,128],{"class":127},[62,26091,131],{"class":95},[62,26093,17090],{"class":139},[62,26095,948],{"class":95},[62,26097,665],{"class":99},[62,26099,4088],{"class":95},[48,26101,26103],{"id":26102},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26105,11285],{},[53,26107,26109],{"className":55,"code":26108,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,26110,26111,26125,26135,26149],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,26112,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,26114,128],{"class":127},[62,26116,131],{"class":95},[62,26118,1690],{"class":430},[62,26120,131],{"class":95},[62,26122,11622],{"class":139},[62,26124,1013],{"class":95},[62,26126,26127,26129,26131,26133],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,26128,128],{"class":127},[62,26130,131],{"class":95},[62,26132,11622],{"class":139},[62,26134,434],{"class":95},[62,26136,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,26138,128],{"class":127},[62,26140,131],{"class":95},[62,26142,11622],{"class":139},[62,26144,409],{"class":95},[62,26146,17090],{"class":139},[62,26148,7385],{"class":95},[62,26150,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,26152,128],{"class":127},[62,26154,131],{"class":95},[62,26156,8276],{"class":430},[62,26158,131],{"class":95},[62,26160,11622],{"class":139},[62,26162,409],{"class":95},[62,26164,17090],{"class":139},[62,26166,6485],{"class":95},[14,26168,26169],{},"These help you confirm:",[29,26171,26172,26175,26178,26183],{},[32,26173,26174],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[32,26176,26177],{},"what data it contains",[32,26179,26180,26181,11876],{},"what ",[18,26182,17232],{},[32,26184,26185],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[48,26187,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,26189,24078,26191,5343],{"id":26190},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,26192,17232],{},[14,26194,17587,26195,26197],{},[18,26196,17181],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1256,26199,15070,26201,26204],{"id":26200},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,26202,26203],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26206,26207,26208,26210,26211,409],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,26209,17181],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,26212,26213],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1256,26215,26217,26218,632],{"id":26216},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,26219,26203],{},[14,26221,26222,26223,26225],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,26224,6154],{}," loop.",[1256,26227,26229,26230,26232],{"id":26228},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,26231,17232],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26234,26235,26236,26238],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,26237,17232],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1256,26240,26242],{"id":26241},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26244,169,26245,409],{},[18,26246,26247],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[48,26249,2109],{"id":2108},[29,26251,26252,26257,26263,26269,26275,26279],{},[32,26253,26254],{},[262,26255,26256],{"href":9563},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[32,26258,26259],{},[262,26260,10908,26261,10912],{"href":17235},[18,26262,17238],{},[32,26264,26265],{},[262,26266,10908,26267,10912],{"href":17241},[18,26268,17244],{},[32,26270,26271],{},[262,26272,26274],{"href":26273},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[32,26276,26277],{},[262,26278,17320],{"href":17319},[32,26280,26281],{},[262,26282,26283,26284,25844],{"href":25839},"How to fix ",[18,26285,25843],{},[2145,26287,26288],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":26290},[26291,26292,26294,26295,26296,26297,26298,26300,26309,26310,26311,26322],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":24409,"depth":87,"text":26293},"What keys() does",{"id":5982,"depth":87,"text":5983},{"id":5628,"depth":87,"text":5629},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":25099,"depth":87,"text":25100},{"id":25255,"depth":87,"text":26299},"When to use keys()",{"id":25517,"depth":87,"text":25518,"children":26301},[26302,26304,26306,26308],{"id":25526,"depth":117,"text":26303},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25632,"depth":117,"text":26305},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25776,"depth":117,"text":26307},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25847,"depth":117,"text":25848},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":26102,"depth":87,"text":26103},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":26312},[26313,26315,26317,26319,26321],{"id":26190,"depth":117,"text":26314},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26200,"depth":117,"text":26316},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26216,"depth":117,"text":26318},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26228,"depth":117,"text":26320},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26241,"depth":117,"text":26242},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24231,"description":26323},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26329,"title":26330,"body":26331,"description":28603,"extension":2174,"meta":28604,"navigation":120,"path":28605,"seo":28606,"stem":28607,"__hash__":28608},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26332,"toc":28556},[26333,26338,26343,26346,26348,26494,26507,26512,26516,26530,26532,26635,26644,26646,26649,26687,26712,26714,26821,26823,26830,26833,26841,26843,26984,26992,26997,27001,27012,27014,27176,27179,27187,27194,27200,27297,27303,27380,27383,27395,27400,27406,27409,27413,27502,27505,27509,27612,27619,27706,27715,27717,27722,27728,27731,27777,27780,27846,27855,27861,27954,27960,27966,28009,28012,28077,28083,28175,28178,28182,28188,28213,28216,28312,28319,28321,28326,28417,28419,28447,28452,28454,28461,28464,28468,28478,28483,28486,28493,28503,28510,28518,28520,28553],[10,26334,11490,26336,11494],{"id":26335},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,26337,12934],{},[14,26339,26340,26342],{},[18,26341,12740],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26344,26345],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[48,26347,3813],{"id":3812},[53,26349,26351],{"className":55,"code":26350,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,26352,26353,26389,26413,26427,26440,26444,26449,26481],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,26354,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,26356,1879],{"class":68},[62,26358,73],{"class":72},[62,26360,256],{"class":95},[62,26362,259],{"class":76},[62,26364,329],{"class":80},[62,26366,259],{"class":76},[62,26368,267],{"class":95},[62,26370,77],{"class":76},[62,26372,1896],{"class":80},[62,26374,259],{"class":76},[62,26376,103],{"class":95},[62,26378,77],{"class":76},[62,26380,1073],{"class":80},[62,26382,259],{"class":76},[62,26384,267],{"class":95},[62,26386,9479],{"class":99},[62,26388,287],{"class":95},[62,26390,26391,26394,26396,26398,26400,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,26392,26393],{"class":68},"removed_age ",[62,26395,73],{"class":72},[62,26397,13414],{"class":68},[62,26399,409],{"class":95},[62,26401,26402],{"class":139},"pop",[62,26404,131],{"class":95},[62,26406,259],{"class":76},[62,26408,1073],{"class":80},[62,26410,259],{"class":76},[62,26412,434],{"class":95},[62,26414,26415,26417,26419,26422,26424],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,26416,128],{"class":127},[62,26418,131],{"class":95},[62,26420,26421],{"class":139},"removed_age",[62,26423,741],{"class":95},[62,26425,26426],{"class":146},"   # 25\n",[62,26428,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,26430,128],{"class":127},[62,26432,131],{"class":95},[62,26434,1925],{"class":139},[62,26436,741],{"class":95},[62,26438,26439],{"class":146},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[62,26441,26442],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,26443,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,26445,26446],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,26447,26448],{"class":146},"# Safe version with default value\n",[62,26450,26451,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26477,26479],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,26452,26453],{"class":68},"country ",[62,26455,73],{"class":72},[62,26457,13414],{"class":68},[62,26459,409],{"class":95},[62,26461,26402],{"class":139},[62,26463,131],{"class":95},[62,26465,259],{"class":76},[62,26467,15428],{"class":80},[62,26469,259],{"class":76},[62,26471,103],{"class":95},[62,26473,77],{"class":76},[62,26475,26476],{"class":80},"Not found",[62,26478,259],{"class":76},[62,26480,434],{"class":95},[62,26482,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,26484,128],{"class":127},[62,26486,131],{"class":95},[62,26488,15428],{"class":139},[62,26490,741],{"class":95},[62,26492,26493],{"class":146},"       # Not found\n",[14,26495,169,26496,26499,26500,26503,26504,26506],{},[18,26497,26498],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26501,26502],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26505,19851],{}," when the key might not exist.",[48,26508,3879,26510,3882],{"id":26509},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26511,12740],{},[14,26513,26514,267],{},[18,26515,12740],{},[29,26517,26518,26521,26524,26527],{},[32,26519,26520],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[32,26522,26523],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[32,26525,26526],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[32,26528,26529],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26531,201],{},[53,26533,26535],{"className":55,"code":26534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26536,26537,26577,26581,26604,26608,26622],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,26538,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,26540,11661],{"class":68},[62,26542,73],{"class":72},[62,26544,256],{"class":95},[62,26546,259],{"class":76},[62,26548,329],{"class":80},[62,26550,259],{"class":76},[62,26552,267],{"class":95},[62,26554,77],{"class":76},[62,26556,13388],{"class":80},[62,26558,259],{"class":76},[62,26560,103],{"class":95},[62,26562,77],{"class":76},[62,26564,10581],{"class":80},[62,26566,259],{"class":76},[62,26568,267],{"class":95},[62,26570,77],{"class":76},[62,26572,10588],{"class":80},[62,26574,259],{"class":76},[62,26576,287],{"class":95},[62,26578,26579],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,26580,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,26582,26583,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,26584,26585],{"class":68},"removed_city ",[62,26587,73],{"class":72},[62,26589,11741],{"class":68},[62,26591,409],{"class":95},[62,26593,26402],{"class":139},[62,26595,131],{"class":95},[62,26597,259],{"class":76},[62,26599,10581],{"class":80},[62,26601,259],{"class":76},[62,26603,434],{"class":95},[62,26605,26606],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,26607,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,26609,26610,26612,26614,26617,26619],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,26611,128],{"class":127},[62,26613,131],{"class":95},[62,26615,26616],{"class":139},"removed_city",[62,26618,741],{"class":95},[62,26620,26621],{"class":146},"  # Paris\n",[62,26623,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,26625,128],{"class":127},[62,26627,131],{"class":95},[62,26629,11752],{"class":139},[62,26631,741],{"class":95},[62,26633,26634],{"class":146},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26636,20933,26637,26640,26641,409],{},[18,26638,26639],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,26642,26643],{},"\"Paris\"",[48,26645,413],{"id":412},[14,26647,26648],{},"There are two common forms:",[53,26650,26652],{"className":55,"code":26651,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,26653,26654,26668],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,26655,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,26657,11622],{"class":68},[62,26659,409],{"class":95},[62,26661,26402],{"class":139},[62,26663,131],{"class":95},[62,26665,15008],{"class":139},[62,26667,434],{"class":95},[62,26669,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26685],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,26671,11622],{"class":68},[62,26673,409],{"class":95},[62,26675,26402],{"class":139},[62,26677,131],{"class":95},[62,26679,15008],{"class":139},[62,26681,103],{"class":95},[62,26683,26684],{"class":139}," default",[62,26686,434],{"class":95},[29,26688,26689,26695,26703,26709],{},[32,26690,26691,26694],{},[18,26692,26693],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[32,26696,26697,26699,26700,26702],{},[18,26698,26693],{}," raises ",[18,26701,19851],{}," if the key is missing",[32,26704,26705,26708],{},[18,26706,26707],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[32,26710,26711],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26713,201],{},[53,26715,26717],{"className":55,"code":26716,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26718,26719,26751,26755,26780,26808],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,26720,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,26722,969],{"class":68},[62,26724,73],{"class":72},[62,26726,256],{"class":95},[62,26728,259],{"class":76},[62,26730,18580],{"class":80},[62,26732,259],{"class":76},[62,26734,267],{"class":95},[62,26736,20061],{"class":99},[62,26738,103],{"class":95},[62,26740,77],{"class":76},[62,26742,18589],{"class":80},[62,26744,259],{"class":76},[62,26746,267],{"class":95},[62,26748,13674],{"class":99},[62,26750,287],{"class":95},[62,26752,26753],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,26754,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,26756,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,26758,128],{"class":127},[62,26760,131],{"class":95},[62,26762,1010],{"class":139},[62,26764,409],{"class":95},[62,26766,26402],{"class":139},[62,26768,131],{"class":95},[62,26770,259],{"class":76},[62,26772,18580],{"class":80},[62,26774,259],{"class":76},[62,26776,143],{"class":95},[62,26778,26779],{"class":146},"         # 90\n",[62,26781,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,26783,128],{"class":127},[62,26785,131],{"class":95},[62,26787,1010],{"class":139},[62,26789,409],{"class":95},[62,26791,26402],{"class":139},[62,26793,131],{"class":95},[62,26795,259],{"class":76},[62,26797,18598],{"class":80},[62,26799,259],{"class":76},[62,26801,103],{"class":95},[62,26803,1228],{"class":99},[62,26805,143],{"class":95},[62,26807,20930],{"class":146},[62,26809,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,26811,128],{"class":127},[62,26813,131],{"class":95},[62,26815,1010],{"class":139},[62,26817,741],{"class":95},[62,26819,26820],{"class":146},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[48,26822,17584],{"id":17583},[14,26824,26825,14220,26827,26829],{},[18,26826,12934],{},[3946,26828,4830],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26831,26832],{},"Instead, it returns:",[29,26834,26835,26838],{},[32,26836,26837],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[32,26839,26840],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26842,201],{},[53,26844,26846],{"className":55,"code":26845,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26847,26848,26880,26884,26907,26939,26943,26957,26971],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,26849,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,26851,251],{"class":68},[62,26853,73],{"class":72},[62,26855,256],{"class":95},[62,26857,259],{"class":76},[62,26859,262],{"class":80},[62,26861,259],{"class":76},[62,26863,267],{"class":95},[62,26865,6200],{"class":99},[62,26867,103],{"class":95},[62,26869,77],{"class":76},[62,26871,277],{"class":80},[62,26873,259],{"class":76},[62,26875,267],{"class":95},[62,26877,106],{"class":99},[62,26879,287],{"class":95},[62,26881,26882],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,26883,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,26885,26886,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,26887,26888],{"class":68},"result1 ",[62,26890,73],{"class":72},[62,26892,14733],{"class":68},[62,26894,409],{"class":95},[62,26896,26402],{"class":139},[62,26898,131],{"class":95},[62,26900,259],{"class":76},[62,26902,262],{"class":80},[62,26904,259],{"class":76},[62,26906,434],{"class":95},[62,26908,26909,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26935,26937],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,26910,26911],{"class":68},"result2 ",[62,26913,73],{"class":72},[62,26915,14733],{"class":68},[62,26917,409],{"class":95},[62,26919,26402],{"class":139},[62,26921,131],{"class":95},[62,26923,259],{"class":76},[62,26925,9912],{"class":80},[62,26927,259],{"class":76},[62,26929,103],{"class":95},[62,26931,77],{"class":76},[62,26933,26934],{"class":80},"missing",[62,26936,259],{"class":76},[62,26938,434],{"class":95},[62,26940,26941],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,26942,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,26944,26945,26947,26949,26952,26954],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,26946,128],{"class":127},[62,26948,131],{"class":95},[62,26950,26951],{"class":139},"result1",[62,26953,741],{"class":95},[62,26955,26956],{"class":146},"  # 10\n",[62,26958,26959,26961,26963,26966,26968],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,26960,128],{"class":127},[62,26962,131],{"class":95},[62,26964,26965],{"class":139},"result2",[62,26967,741],{"class":95},[62,26969,26970],{"class":146},"  # missing\n",[62,26972,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,26974,128],{"class":127},[62,26976,131],{"class":95},[62,26978,367],{"class":139},[62,26980,741],{"class":95},[62,26982,26983],{"class":146},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26985,26986,26987,6822],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[262,26988,26989],{"href":10907},[18,26990,26991],{},"dict.get()",[48,26993,5160,26995],{"id":26994},"when-to-use-pop",[18,26996,12934],{},[14,26998,169,26999,10772],{},[18,27000,12934],{},[29,27002,27003,27006,27009],{},[32,27004,27005],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[32,27007,27008],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[32,27010,27011],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27013,201],{},[53,27015,27017],{"className":55,"code":27016,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,27018,27019,27071,27075,27102,27106,27130,27134,27148,27162],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27020,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27055,27057,27059,27062,27064,27066,27069],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27022,25284],{"class":68},[62,27024,73],{"class":72},[62,27026,256],{"class":95},[62,27028,259],{"class":76},[62,27030,329],{"class":80},[62,27032,259],{"class":76},[62,27034,267],{"class":95},[62,27036,77],{"class":76},[62,27038,27039],{"class":80},"Laptop",[62,27041,259],{"class":76},[62,27043,103],{"class":95},[62,27045,77],{"class":76},[62,27047,25310],{"class":80},[62,27049,259],{"class":76},[62,27051,267],{"class":95},[62,27053,27054],{"class":99}," 1200",[62,27056,103],{"class":95},[62,27058,77],{"class":76},[62,27060,27061],{"class":80},"discount",[62,27063,259],{"class":76},[62,27065,267],{"class":95},[62,27067,27068],{"class":99}," 200",[62,27070,287],{"class":95},[62,27072,27073],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27074,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27076,27077,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,27078,27079],{"class":68},"discount_amount ",[62,27081,73],{"class":72},[62,27083,25362],{"class":68},[62,27085,409],{"class":95},[62,27087,26402],{"class":139},[62,27089,131],{"class":95},[62,27091,259],{"class":76},[62,27093,27061],{"class":80},[62,27095,259],{"class":76},[62,27097,103],{"class":95},[62,27099,1228],{"class":99},[62,27101,434],{"class":95},[62,27103,27104],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,27105,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27107,27108,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,27109,27110],{"class":68},"final_price ",[62,27112,73],{"class":72},[62,27114,25362],{"class":68},[62,27116,948],{"class":95},[62,27118,259],{"class":76},[62,27120,25310],{"class":80},[62,27122,259],{"class":76},[62,27124,13440],{"class":95},[62,27126,2427],{"class":72},[62,27128,27129],{"class":68}," discount_amount\n",[62,27131,27132],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,27133,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27135,27136,27138,27140,27143,27145],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,27137,128],{"class":127},[62,27139,131],{"class":95},[62,27141,27142],{"class":139},"discount_amount",[62,27144,741],{"class":95},[62,27146,27147],{"class":146},"  # 200\n",[62,27149,27150,27152,27154,27157,27159],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,27151,128],{"class":127},[62,27153,131],{"class":95},[62,27155,27156],{"class":139},"final_price",[62,27158,741],{"class":95},[62,27160,27161],{"class":146},"      # 1000\n",[62,27163,27164,27166,27168,27171,27173],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,27165,128],{"class":127},[62,27167,131],{"class":95},[62,27169,27170],{"class":139},"product",[62,27172,741],{"class":95},[62,27174,27175],{"class":146},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27177,27178],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[48,27180,27182,10756,27184],{"id":27181},"pop-vs-del",[18,27183,12934],{},[18,27185,27186],{},"del",[14,27188,10761,27189,1940,27191,27193],{},[18,27190,12934],{},[18,27192,27186],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1256,27195,169,27197,27199],{"id":27196},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,27198,12934],{}," when you need the removed value",[53,27201,27203],{"className":55,"code":27202,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27204,27205,27241,27245,27267,27271,27284],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27206,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27208,1879],{"class":68},[62,27210,73],{"class":72},[62,27212,256],{"class":95},[62,27214,259],{"class":76},[62,27216,329],{"class":80},[62,27218,259],{"class":76},[62,27220,267],{"class":95},[62,27222,77],{"class":76},[62,27224,1896],{"class":80},[62,27226,259],{"class":76},[62,27228,103],{"class":95},[62,27230,77],{"class":76},[62,27232,1073],{"class":80},[62,27234,259],{"class":76},[62,27236,267],{"class":95},[62,27238,9479],{"class":99},[62,27240,287],{"class":95},[62,27242,27243],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27244,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27246,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,27248,21790],{"class":68},[62,27250,73],{"class":72},[62,27252,13414],{"class":68},[62,27254,409],{"class":95},[62,27256,26402],{"class":139},[62,27258,131],{"class":95},[62,27260,259],{"class":76},[62,27262,1073],{"class":80},[62,27264,259],{"class":76},[62,27266,434],{"class":95},[62,27268,27269],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,27270,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27272,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,27274,128],{"class":127},[62,27276,131],{"class":95},[62,27278,1073],{"class":139},[62,27280,741],{"class":95},[62,27282,27283],{"class":146},"     # 25\n",[62,27285,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,27287,128],{"class":127},[62,27289,131],{"class":95},[62,27291,1925],{"class":139},[62,27293,741],{"class":95},[62,27295,27296],{"class":146},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1256,27298,169,27300,27302],{"id":27299},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,27301,27186],{}," when you only want deletion",[53,27304,27306],{"className":55,"code":27305,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27307,27308,27344,27348,27364,27368],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27309,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27311,1879],{"class":68},[62,27313,73],{"class":72},[62,27315,256],{"class":95},[62,27317,259],{"class":76},[62,27319,329],{"class":80},[62,27321,259],{"class":76},[62,27323,267],{"class":95},[62,27325,77],{"class":76},[62,27327,1896],{"class":80},[62,27329,259],{"class":76},[62,27331,103],{"class":95},[62,27333,77],{"class":76},[62,27335,1073],{"class":80},[62,27337,259],{"class":76},[62,27339,267],{"class":95},[62,27341,9479],{"class":99},[62,27343,287],{"class":95},[62,27345,27346],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27347,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27349,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,27351,27186],{"class":729},[62,27353,13414],{"class":68},[62,27355,948],{"class":95},[62,27357,259],{"class":76},[62,27359,1073],{"class":80},[62,27361,259],{"class":76},[62,27363,114],{"class":95},[62,27365,27366],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,27367,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27369,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,27371,128],{"class":127},[62,27373,131],{"class":95},[62,27375,1925],{"class":139},[62,27377,741],{"class":95},[62,27379,27296],{"class":146},[14,27381,27382],{},"Difference:",[29,27384,27385,27390],{},[32,27386,27387,27389],{},[18,27388,12934],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[32,27391,27392,27394],{},[18,27393,27186],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27396,27397,27398,409],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[262,27399,12745],{"href":12744},[48,27401,27403,27404],{"id":27402},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27405,19851],{},[14,27407,27408],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1256,27410,27412],{"id":27411},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[53,27414,27416],{"className":55,"code":27415,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27417,27418,27443,27447,27473,27477,27489],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27419,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27439,27441],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27421,11895],{"class":68},[62,27423,73],{"class":72},[62,27425,256],{"class":95},[62,27427,259],{"class":76},[62,27429,329],{"class":80},[62,27431,259],{"class":76},[62,27433,267],{"class":95},[62,27435,77],{"class":76},[62,27437,27438],{"class":80},"Sara",[62,27440,259],{"class":76},[62,27442,287],{"class":95},[62,27444,27445],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27446,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27448,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,27450,1613],{"class":68},[62,27452,73],{"class":72},[62,27454,11937],{"class":68},[62,27456,409],{"class":95},[62,27458,26402],{"class":139},[62,27460,131],{"class":95},[62,27462,259],{"class":76},[62,27464,1073],{"class":80},[62,27466,259],{"class":76},[62,27468,103],{"class":95},[62,27470,1797],{"class":1618},[62,27472,434],{"class":95},[62,27474,27475],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,27476,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27478,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,27480,128],{"class":127},[62,27482,131],{"class":95},[62,27484,1632],{"class":139},[62,27486,741],{"class":95},[62,27488,20723],{"class":146},[62,27490,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,27492,128],{"class":127},[62,27494,131],{"class":95},[62,27496,11622],{"class":139},[62,27498,741],{"class":95},[62,27500,27501],{"class":146}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27503,27504],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1256,27506,27508],{"id":27507},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[53,27510,27512],{"className":55,"code":27511,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27513,27514,27538,27542,27558,27581,27591,27597],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27515,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27517,11895],{"class":68},[62,27519,73],{"class":72},[62,27521,256],{"class":95},[62,27523,259],{"class":76},[62,27525,329],{"class":80},[62,27527,259],{"class":76},[62,27529,267],{"class":95},[62,27531,77],{"class":76},[62,27533,27438],{"class":80},[62,27535,259],{"class":76},[62,27537,287],{"class":95},[62,27539,27540],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27541,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27543,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,27545,730],{"class":729},[62,27547,77],{"class":76},[62,27549,1073],{"class":80},[62,27551,259],{"class":76},[62,27553,21336],{"class":72},[62,27555,11937],{"class":68},[62,27557,749],{"class":95},[62,27559,27560,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,27561,27562],{"class":68},"    value ",[62,27564,73],{"class":72},[62,27566,11937],{"class":68},[62,27568,409],{"class":95},[62,27570,26402],{"class":139},[62,27572,131],{"class":95},[62,27574,259],{"class":76},[62,27576,1073],{"class":80},[62,27578,259],{"class":76},[62,27580,434],{"class":95},[62,27582,27583,27585,27587,27589],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,27584,754],{"class":127},[62,27586,131],{"class":95},[62,27588,1632],{"class":139},[62,27590,434],{"class":95},[62,27592,27593,27595],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,27594,1431],{"class":729},[62,27596,749],{"class":95},[62,27598,27599,27601,27603,27605,27608,27610],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,27600,754],{"class":127},[62,27602,131],{"class":95},[62,27604,259],{"class":76},[62,27606,27607],{"class":80},"Key not found",[62,27609,259],{"class":76},[62,27611,434],{"class":95},[1256,27613,27615,27616,27618],{"id":27614},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,27617,10911],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[53,27620,27622],{"className":55,"code":27621,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27623,27624,27648,27652,27678,27682,27694],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27625,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27627,11895],{"class":68},[62,27629,73],{"class":72},[62,27631,256],{"class":95},[62,27633,259],{"class":76},[62,27635,329],{"class":80},[62,27637,259],{"class":76},[62,27639,267],{"class":95},[62,27641,77],{"class":76},[62,27643,27438],{"class":80},[62,27645,259],{"class":76},[62,27647,287],{"class":95},[62,27649,27650],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27651,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27653,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,27655,1613],{"class":68},[62,27657,73],{"class":72},[62,27659,11937],{"class":68},[62,27661,409],{"class":95},[62,27663,19914],{"class":139},[62,27665,131],{"class":95},[62,27667,259],{"class":76},[62,27669,1073],{"class":80},[62,27671,259],{"class":76},[62,27673,103],{"class":95},[62,27675,1797],{"class":1618},[62,27677,434],{"class":95},[62,27679,27680],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,27681,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27683,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,27685,128],{"class":127},[62,27687,131],{"class":95},[62,27689,1632],{"class":139},[62,27691,741],{"class":95},[62,27693,20723],{"class":146},[62,27695,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,27697,128],{"class":127},[62,27699,131],{"class":95},[62,27701,11622],{"class":139},[62,27703,741],{"class":95},[62,27705,27501],{"class":146},[14,27707,169,27708,27712,27713,409],{},[262,27709,27710],{"href":10907},[18,27711,26991],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[262,27714,11434],{"href":11246},[48,27716,4718],{"id":4717},[14,27718,27719,27720,409],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27721,12740],{},[1256,27723,25935,27725,27727],{"id":27724},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27726,12934],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27729,27730],{},"Lists use indexes:",[53,27732,27734],{"className":55,"code":27733,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27735,27736,27756],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27737,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27739,225],{"class":68},[62,27741,73],{"class":72},[62,27743,96],{"class":95},[62,27745,100],{"class":99},[62,27747,103],{"class":95},[62,27749,106],{"class":99},[62,27751,103],{"class":95},[62,27753,111],{"class":99},[62,27755,114],{"class":95},[62,27757,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27759,128],{"class":127},[62,27761,131],{"class":95},[62,27763,348],{"class":139},[62,27765,409],{"class":95},[62,27767,26402],{"class":139},[62,27769,131],{"class":95},[62,27771,499],{"class":99},[62,27773,143],{"class":95},[62,27775,27776],{"class":146},"  # 20\n",[14,27778,27779],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[53,27781,27783],{"className":55,"code":27782,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27784,27785,27821],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27786,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27788,1879],{"class":68},[62,27790,73],{"class":72},[62,27792,256],{"class":95},[62,27794,259],{"class":76},[62,27796,329],{"class":80},[62,27798,259],{"class":76},[62,27800,267],{"class":95},[62,27802,77],{"class":76},[62,27804,1896],{"class":80},[62,27806,259],{"class":76},[62,27808,103],{"class":95},[62,27810,77],{"class":76},[62,27812,1073],{"class":80},[62,27814,259],{"class":76},[62,27816,267],{"class":95},[62,27818,9479],{"class":99},[62,27820,287],{"class":95},[62,27822,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27824,128],{"class":127},[62,27826,131],{"class":95},[62,27828,1925],{"class":139},[62,27830,409],{"class":95},[62,27832,26402],{"class":139},[62,27834,131],{"class":95},[62,27836,259],{"class":76},[62,27838,1073],{"class":80},[62,27840,259],{"class":76},[62,27842,143],{"class":95},[62,27844,27845],{"class":146},"  # 25\n",[14,27847,27848,27849,27851,27852,27854],{},"A dictionary does ",[3946,27850,4830],{}," use positions with ",[18,27853,12934],{},". It uses keys.",[1256,27856,4904,27858,27860],{"id":27857},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27859,12934],{}," changes the original dictionary",[53,27862,27864],{"className":55,"code":27863,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27865,27866,27898,27902,27924,27928,27941],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27867,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27869,251],{"class":68},[62,27871,73],{"class":72},[62,27873,256],{"class":95},[62,27875,259],{"class":76},[62,27877,552],{"class":80},[62,27879,259],{"class":76},[62,27881,267],{"class":95},[62,27883,270],{"class":99},[62,27885,103],{"class":95},[62,27887,77],{"class":76},[62,27889,11916],{"class":80},[62,27891,259],{"class":76},[62,27893,267],{"class":95},[62,27895,284],{"class":99},[62,27897,287],{"class":95},[62,27899,27900],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27901,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27903,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,27905,1613],{"class":68},[62,27907,73],{"class":72},[62,27909,14733],{"class":68},[62,27911,409],{"class":95},[62,27913,26402],{"class":139},[62,27915,131],{"class":95},[62,27917,259],{"class":76},[62,27919,552],{"class":80},[62,27921,259],{"class":76},[62,27923,434],{"class":95},[62,27925,27926],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,27927,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,27929,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,27931,128],{"class":127},[62,27933,131],{"class":95},[62,27935,1632],{"class":139},[62,27937,741],{"class":95},[62,27939,27940],{"class":146},"  # 1\n",[62,27942,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,27944,128],{"class":127},[62,27946,131],{"class":95},[62,27948,367],{"class":139},[62,27950,741],{"class":95},[62,27952,27953],{"class":146},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27955,27956,27957,27959],{},"After ",[18,27958,12934],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1256,27961,1834,27963,27965],{"id":27962},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,27964,12934],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[53,27967,27969],{"className":55,"code":27968,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,27970,27971,27995,27999,28004],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,27972,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,27974,251],{"class":68},[62,27976,73],{"class":72},[62,27978,256],{"class":95},[62,27980,259],{"class":76},[62,27982,329],{"class":80},[62,27984,259],{"class":76},[62,27986,267],{"class":95},[62,27988,77],{"class":76},[62,27990,1061],{"class":80},[62,27992,259],{"class":76},[62,27994,287],{"class":95},[62,27996,27997],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,27998,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,28000,28001],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,28002,28003],{"class":146},"# This causes an error\n",[62,28005,28006],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,28007,28008],{"class":146},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28010,28011],{},"Safer version:",[53,28013,28015],{"className":55,"code":28014,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,28016,28017,28041,28045],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28018,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28020,251],{"class":68},[62,28022,73],{"class":72},[62,28024,256],{"class":95},[62,28026,259],{"class":76},[62,28028,329],{"class":80},[62,28030,259],{"class":76},[62,28032,267],{"class":95},[62,28034,77],{"class":76},[62,28036,1061],{"class":80},[62,28038,259],{"class":76},[62,28040,287],{"class":95},[62,28042,28043],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,28044,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,28046,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,28048,128],{"class":127},[62,28050,131],{"class":95},[62,28052,367],{"class":139},[62,28054,409],{"class":95},[62,28056,26402],{"class":139},[62,28058,131],{"class":95},[62,28060,259],{"class":76},[62,28062,1073],{"class":80},[62,28064,259],{"class":76},[62,28066,103],{"class":95},[62,28068,77],{"class":76},[62,28070,26934],{"class":80},[62,28072,259],{"class":76},[62,28074,143],{"class":95},[62,28076,26970],{"class":146},[1256,28078,8631,28080,28082],{"id":28079},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,28081,12934],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[53,28084,28086],{"className":55,"code":28085,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,28087,28088,28120,28124,28146,28150,28162],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28089,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28091,251],{"class":68},[62,28093,73],{"class":72},[62,28095,256],{"class":95},[62,28097,259],{"class":76},[62,28099,262],{"class":80},[62,28101,259],{"class":76},[62,28103,267],{"class":95},[62,28105,270],{"class":99},[62,28107,103],{"class":95},[62,28109,77],{"class":76},[62,28111,277],{"class":80},[62,28113,259],{"class":76},[62,28115,267],{"class":95},[62,28117,284],{"class":99},[62,28119,287],{"class":95},[62,28121,28122],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,28123,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,28125,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,28127,2435],{"class":68},[62,28129,73],{"class":72},[62,28131,14733],{"class":68},[62,28133,409],{"class":95},[62,28135,26402],{"class":139},[62,28137,131],{"class":95},[62,28139,259],{"class":76},[62,28141,262],{"class":80},[62,28143,259],{"class":76},[62,28145,434],{"class":95},[62,28147,28148],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,28149,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,28151,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,28153,128],{"class":127},[62,28155,131],{"class":95},[62,28157,2470],{"class":139},[62,28159,741],{"class":95},[62,28161,27940],{"class":146},[62,28163,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,28165,128],{"class":127},[62,28167,131],{"class":95},[62,28169,367],{"class":139},[62,28171,741],{"class":95},[62,28173,28174],{"class":146},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28176,28177],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[48,28179,28181],{"id":28180},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28183,28184,28185,28187],{},"Problems with ",[18,28186,12740],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[29,28189,28190,28193,28202,28205],{},[32,28191,28192],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[32,28194,28195,28196,28199,28200],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,28197,28198],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,28201,26498],{},[32,28203,28204],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[32,28206,28207,28208,11264,28210],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,28209,499],{},[18,28211,28212],{},"\"1\"",[14,28214,28215],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[53,28217,28219],{"className":55,"code":28218,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,28220,28221,28245,28249,28279],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28222,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28224,251],{"class":68},[62,28226,73],{"class":72},[62,28228,256],{"class":95},[62,28230,259],{"class":76},[62,28232,499],{"class":80},[62,28234,259],{"class":76},[62,28236,267],{"class":95},[62,28238,77],{"class":76},[62,28240,6776],{"class":80},[62,28242,259],{"class":76},[62,28244,287],{"class":95},[62,28246,28247],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,28248,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,28250,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28272,28274,28276],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,28252,128],{"class":127},[62,28254,131],{"class":95},[62,28256,367],{"class":139},[62,28258,409],{"class":95},[62,28260,26402],{"class":139},[62,28262,131],{"class":95},[62,28264,499],{"class":99},[62,28266,103],{"class":95},[62,28268,77],{"class":76},[62,28270,28271],{"class":80},"not found",[62,28273,259],{"class":76},[62,28275,143],{"class":95},[62,28277,28278],{"class":146},"    # not found\n",[62,28280,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,28282,128],{"class":127},[62,28284,131],{"class":95},[62,28286,367],{"class":139},[62,28288,409],{"class":95},[62,28290,26402],{"class":139},[62,28292,131],{"class":95},[62,28294,259],{"class":76},[62,28296,499],{"class":80},[62,28298,259],{"class":76},[62,28300,103],{"class":95},[62,28302,77],{"class":76},[62,28304,28271],{"class":80},[62,28306,259],{"class":76},[62,28308,143],{"class":95},[62,28310,28311],{"class":146},"  # one\n",[14,28313,28314,1940,28316,28318],{},[18,28315,499],{},[18,28317,28212],{}," are different keys.",[48,28320,9052],{"id":9051},[14,28322,9055,28323,28325],{},[18,28324,12934],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[53,28327,28329],{"className":55,"code":28328,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,28330,28331,28341,28355,28373,28403],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28332,28333,28335,28337,28339],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28334,128],{"class":127},[62,28336,131],{"class":95},[62,28338,11622],{"class":139},[62,28340,434],{"class":95},[62,28342,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,28344,128],{"class":127},[62,28346,131],{"class":95},[62,28348,11622],{"class":139},[62,28350,409],{"class":95},[62,28352,17090],{"class":139},[62,28354,7385],{"class":95},[62,28356,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,28358,128],{"class":127},[62,28360,131],{"class":95},[62,28362,3503],{"class":76},[62,28364,329],{"class":80},[62,28366,3503],{"class":76},[62,28368,21336],{"class":729},[62,28370,11937],{"class":139},[62,28372,434],{"class":95},[62,28374,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,28376,128],{"class":127},[62,28378,131],{"class":95},[62,28380,11622],{"class":139},[62,28382,409],{"class":95},[62,28384,26402],{"class":139},[62,28386,131],{"class":95},[62,28388,3503],{"class":76},[62,28390,329],{"class":80},[62,28392,3503],{"class":76},[62,28394,103],{"class":95},[62,28396,3498],{"class":76},[62,28398,26934],{"class":80},[62,28400,3503],{"class":76},[62,28402,1013],{"class":95},[62,28404,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,28406,128],{"class":127},[62,28408,131],{"class":95},[62,28410,1690],{"class":430},[62,28412,131],{"class":95},[62,28414,11622],{"class":139},[62,28416,1013],{"class":95},[14,28418,21499],{},[29,28420,28421,28426,28431,28436,28442],{},[32,28422,28423,28425],{},[18,28424,12850],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[32,28427,28428,28430],{},[18,28429,21511],{}," shows all available keys",[32,28432,28433,28435],{},[18,28434,21517],{}," checks whether a key exists",[32,28437,28438,28441],{},[18,28439,28440],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[32,28443,28444,28446],{},[18,28445,12856],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28448,28449,28450,409],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[262,28451,9564],{"href":9563},[48,28453,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,28455,28457,28458,28460],{"id":28456},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28459,12934],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28462,28463],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1256,28465,28467],{"id":28466},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28469,28470,26699,28472,28474,28475,28477],{},[18,28471,26498],{},[18,28473,19851],{},". ",[18,28476,26502],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1256,28479,12875,28481,15063],{"id":28480},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28482,12934],{},[14,28484,28485],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1256,28487,28489,28490,28492],{"id":28488},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28491,12934],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28494,28495,28496,28498,28499,409],{},"Not with ",[18,28497,12740],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[262,28500,28501],{"href":12751},[18,28502,12941],{},[1256,28504,5378,28506,1940,28508,632],{"id":28505},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28507,10911],{},[18,28509,12934],{},[14,28511,28512,28514,28515,28517],{},[18,28513,10911],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28516,12934],{}," reads and removes it.",[48,28519,2109],{"id":2108},[29,28521,28522,28528,28535,28539,28543,28547],{},[32,28523,28524],{},[262,28525,28526],{"href":10907},[18,28527,19832],{},[32,28529,28530],{},[262,28531,28532],{"href":12751},[18,28533,28534],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[32,28536,28537],{},[262,28538,12958],{"href":12744},[32,28540,28541],{},[262,28542,21620],{"href":16763},[32,28544,28545],{},[262,28546,11434],{"href":11246},[32,28548,28549],{},[262,28550,28552],{"href":28551},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2145,28554,28555],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":28557},[28558,28559,28561,28562,28563,28565,28572,28579,28589,28590,28591,28602],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":26509,"depth":87,"text":28560},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":26994,"depth":87,"text":28564},"When to use pop()",{"id":27181,"depth":87,"text":28566,"children":28567},"pop() vs del",[28568,28570],{"id":27196,"depth":117,"text":28569},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27299,"depth":117,"text":28571},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27402,"depth":87,"text":28573,"children":28574},"How to avoid KeyError",[28575,28576,28577],{"id":27411,"depth":117,"text":27412},{"id":27507,"depth":117,"text":27508},{"id":27614,"depth":117,"text":28578},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":28580},[28581,28583,28585,28587],{"id":27724,"depth":117,"text":28582},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27857,"depth":117,"text":28584},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27962,"depth":117,"text":28586},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28079,"depth":117,"text":28588},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28180,"depth":87,"text":28181},{"id":9051,"depth":87,"text":9052},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":28592},[28593,28595,28596,28598,28600],{"id":28456,"depth":117,"text":28594},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28466,"depth":117,"text":28467},{"id":28480,"depth":117,"text":28597},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28488,"depth":117,"text":28599},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28505,"depth":117,"text":28601},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26330,"description":28603},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28610,"title":28534,"body":28611,"description":30551,"extension":2174,"meta":30552,"navigation":120,"path":30553,"seo":30554,"stem":30555,"__hash__":30556},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28612,"toc":30515},[28613,28618,28623,28626,28634,28644,28646,28735,28739,28788,28793,28798,28802,28818,28821,28823,28838,28840,28856,28863,28867,28873,28882,28884,28953,28957,28978,28981,29000,29003,29026,29028,29031,29146,29150,29209,29216,29220,29226,29351,29355,29405,29408,29412,29419,29421,29484,29488,29509,29512,29521,29536,29544,29551,29555,29567,29571,29582,29584,29730,29734,29793,29800,29805,29809,29815,29838,29843,29862,29866,29937,29944,30017,30026,30031,30036,30047,30050,30187,30192,30224,30229,30231,30235,30295,30298,30355,30358,30401,30403,30408,30414,30420,30423,30430,30438,30443,30446,30453,30461,30463,30512],[10,28614,11490,28616,11494],{"id":28615},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,28617,12941],{},[14,28619,2191,28620,28622],{},[18,28621,12941],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28624,28625],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[29,28627,28628,28631],{},[32,28629,28630],{},"remove an item",[32,28632,28633],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28635,28636,28637,28639,28640,28643],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,28638,12941],{}," removes the ",[3946,28641,28642],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[48,28645,51],{"id":50},[53,28647,28649],{"className":55,"code":28648,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,28650,28651,28695,28711,28715,28725],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28652,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28654,251],{"class":68},[62,28656,73],{"class":72},[62,28658,256],{"class":95},[62,28660,259],{"class":76},[62,28662,262],{"class":80},[62,28664,259],{"class":76},[62,28666,267],{"class":95},[62,28668,270],{"class":99},[62,28670,103],{"class":95},[62,28672,77],{"class":76},[62,28674,277],{"class":80},[62,28676,259],{"class":76},[62,28678,267],{"class":95},[62,28680,284],{"class":99},[62,28682,103],{"class":95},[62,28684,77],{"class":76},[62,28686,9912],{"class":80},[62,28688,259],{"class":76},[62,28690,267],{"class":95},[62,28692,508],{"class":99},[62,28694,287],{"class":95},[62,28696,28697,28700,28702,28704,28706,28709],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,28698,28699],{"class":68},"item ",[62,28701,73],{"class":72},[62,28703,14733],{"class":68},[62,28705,409],{"class":95},[62,28707,28708],{"class":139},"popitem",[62,28710,8822],{"class":95},[62,28712,28713],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,28714,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,28716,28717,28719,28721,28723],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,28718,128],{"class":127},[62,28720,131],{"class":95},[62,28722,23470],{"class":139},[62,28724,434],{"class":95},[62,28726,28727,28729,28731,28733],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,28728,128],{"class":127},[62,28730,131],{"class":95},[62,28732,367],{"class":139},[62,28734,434],{"class":95},[14,28736,28737],{},[3946,28738,2282],{},[53,28740,28742],{"className":55,"code":28741,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28743,28744,28760],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28745,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756,28758],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28747,131],{"class":95},[62,28749,3503],{"class":76},[62,28751,9912],{"class":80},[62,28753,3503],{"class":76},[62,28755,103],{"class":95},[62,28757,508],{"class":99},[62,28759,434],{"class":95},[62,28761,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28772,28774,28776,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,28763,9452],{"class":95},[62,28765,3503],{"class":76},[62,28767,262],{"class":80},[62,28769,3503],{"class":76},[62,28771,267],{"class":95},[62,28773,270],{"class":99},[62,28775,103],{"class":95},[62,28777,3498],{"class":76},[62,28779,277],{"class":80},[62,28781,3503],{"class":76},[62,28783,267],{"class":95},[62,28785,284],{"class":99},[62,28787,287],{"class":95},[14,28789,28790,28792],{},[18,28791,12941],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[48,28794,3879,28796,3882],{"id":28795},"what-popitem-does",[18,28797,12941],{},[14,28799,28800,267],{},[18,28801,12941],{},[29,28803,28804,28807,28812,28815],{},[32,28805,28806],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[32,28808,28809,28810],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28811,21817],{},[32,28813,28814],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[32,28816,28817],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28819,28820],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[48,28822,413],{"id":412},[53,28824,28826],{"className":55,"code":28825,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28827,28828],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28829,28830,28832,28834,28836],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28831,15771],{"class":68},[62,28833,409],{"class":95},[62,28835,28708],{"class":139},[62,28837,8822],{"class":95},[14,28839,11631],{},[29,28841,28842,28850,28853],{},[32,28843,28844,28846,28847],{},[18,28845,12941],{}," takes ",[3946,28848,28849],{},"no arguments",[32,28851,28852],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[32,28854,28855],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28857,28858,28859,6822],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[262,28860,28861],{"href":12737},[18,28862,12934],{},[48,28864,28866],{"id":28865},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28868,28869,28870,28872],{},"The value returned by ",[18,28871,12941],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28874,28875,28876,28879],"ol",{},[32,28877,28878],{},"the key",[32,28880,28881],{},"the value",[14,28883,201],{},[53,28885,28887],{"className":55,"code":28886,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,28888,28889,28925,28939,28943],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28890,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28892,1879],{"class":68},[62,28894,73],{"class":72},[62,28896,256],{"class":95},[62,28898,259],{"class":76},[62,28900,329],{"class":80},[62,28902,259],{"class":76},[62,28904,267],{"class":95},[62,28906,77],{"class":76},[62,28908,718],{"class":80},[62,28910,259],{"class":76},[62,28912,103],{"class":95},[62,28914,77],{"class":76},[62,28916,1073],{"class":80},[62,28918,259],{"class":76},[62,28920,267],{"class":95},[62,28922,9479],{"class":99},[62,28924,287],{"class":95},[62,28926,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,28928,2435],{"class":68},[62,28930,73],{"class":72},[62,28932,13414],{"class":68},[62,28934,409],{"class":95},[62,28936,28708],{"class":139},[62,28938,8822],{"class":95},[62,28940,28941],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,28942,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,28944,28945,28947,28949,28951],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,28946,128],{"class":127},[62,28948,131],{"class":95},[62,28950,2470],{"class":139},[62,28952,434],{"class":95},[14,28954,28955],{},[3946,28956,2282],{},[53,28958,28960],{"className":55,"code":28959,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('age', 25)\n",[18,28961,28962],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28963,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28965,131],{"class":95},[62,28967,3503],{"class":76},[62,28969,1073],{"class":80},[62,28971,3503],{"class":76},[62,28973,103],{"class":95},[62,28975,9479],{"class":99},[62,28977,434],{"class":95},[14,28979,28980],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[53,28982,28984],{"className":55,"code":28983,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,28985,28986],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,28987,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,28989,2435],{"class":68},[62,28991,73],{"class":72},[62,28993,13414],{"class":68},[62,28995,409],{"class":95},[62,28997,28708],{"class":139},[62,28999,8822],{"class":95},[14,29001,29002],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[53,29004,29006],{"className":55,"code":29005,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,29007,29008],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29009,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29011,15008],{"class":68},[62,29013,103],{"class":95},[62,29015,1788],{"class":68},[62,29017,73],{"class":72},[62,29019,13414],{"class":68},[62,29021,409],{"class":95},[62,29023,28708],{"class":139},[62,29025,8822],{"class":95},[48,29027,11648],{"id":11647},[14,29029,29030],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[53,29032,29034],{"className":55,"code":29033,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,29035,29036,29084,29088,29103,29107,29127],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29037,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29068,29070,29072,29075,29077,29079,29082],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29039,969],{"class":68},[62,29041,73],{"class":72},[62,29043,256],{"class":95},[62,29045,259],{"class":76},[62,29047,29048],{"class":80},"Tom",[62,29050,259],{"class":76},[62,29052,267],{"class":95},[62,29054,5273],{"class":99},[62,29056,103],{"class":95},[62,29058,77],{"class":76},[62,29060,1896],{"class":80},[62,29062,259],{"class":76},[62,29064,267],{"class":95},[62,29066,29067],{"class":99}," 95",[62,29069,103],{"class":95},[62,29071,77],{"class":76},[62,29073,29074],{"class":80},"Leo",[62,29076,259],{"class":76},[62,29078,267],{"class":95},[62,29080,29081],{"class":99}," 88",[62,29083,287],{"class":95},[62,29085,29086],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29087,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29089,29090,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,29091,29092],{"class":68},"removed_pair ",[62,29094,73],{"class":72},[62,29096,5308],{"class":68},[62,29098,409],{"class":95},[62,29100,28708],{"class":139},[62,29102,8822],{"class":95},[62,29104,29105],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,29106,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29108,29109,29111,29113,29115,29118,29120,29122,29125],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,29110,128],{"class":127},[62,29112,131],{"class":95},[62,29114,259],{"class":76},[62,29116,29117],{"class":80},"Removed:",[62,29119,259],{"class":76},[62,29121,103],{"class":95},[62,29123,29124],{"class":139}," removed_pair",[62,29126,434],{"class":95},[62,29128,29129,29131,29133,29135,29138,29140,29142,29144],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,29130,128],{"class":127},[62,29132,131],{"class":95},[62,29134,259],{"class":76},[62,29136,29137],{"class":80},"After removal:",[62,29139,259],{"class":76},[62,29141,103],{"class":95},[62,29143,5308],{"class":139},[62,29145,434],{"class":95},[14,29147,29148],{},[3946,29149,2282],{},[53,29151,29153],{"className":55,"code":29152,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,29154,29155,29176],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29156,29157,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29158,29159],{"class":68},"Removed",[62,29161,267],{"class":95},[62,29163,854],{"class":95},[62,29165,3503],{"class":76},[62,29167,29074],{"class":80},[62,29169,3503],{"class":76},[62,29171,103],{"class":95},[62,29173,29081],{"class":99},[62,29175,434],{"class":95},[62,29177,29178,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29179,29180],{"class":68},"After removal",[62,29182,267],{"class":95},[62,29184,256],{"class":95},[62,29186,3503],{"class":76},[62,29188,29048],{"class":80},[62,29190,3503],{"class":76},[62,29192,267],{"class":95},[62,29194,5273],{"class":99},[62,29196,103],{"class":95},[62,29198,3498],{"class":76},[62,29200,1896],{"class":80},[62,29202,3503],{"class":76},[62,29204,267],{"class":95},[62,29206,29067],{"class":99},[62,29208,287],{"class":95},[14,29210,29211,29212,29215],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,29213,29214],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[48,29217,29219],{"id":29218},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29221,29222,29223,29225],{},"Because ",[18,29224,12941],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[53,29227,29229],{"className":55,"code":29228,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,29230,29231,29267,29271,29290,29294,29313,29332],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29232,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29234,15614],{"class":68},[62,29236,73],{"class":72},[62,29238,256],{"class":95},[62,29240,259],{"class":76},[62,29242,15625],{"class":80},[62,29244,259],{"class":76},[62,29246,267],{"class":95},[62,29248,77],{"class":76},[62,29250,15634],{"class":80},[62,29252,259],{"class":76},[62,29254,103],{"class":95},[62,29256,77],{"class":76},[62,29258,15645],{"class":80},[62,29260,259],{"class":76},[62,29262,267],{"class":95},[62,29264,27068],{"class":99},[62,29266,287],{"class":95},[62,29268,29269],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29270,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29272,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29284,29286,29288],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,29274,15008],{"class":68},[62,29276,103],{"class":95},[62,29278,1788],{"class":68},[62,29280,73],{"class":72},[62,29282,29283],{"class":68}," book",[62,29285,409],{"class":95},[62,29287,28708],{"class":139},[62,29289,8822],{"class":95},[62,29291,29292],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,29293,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29295,29296,29298,29300,29302,29305,29307,29309,29311],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,29297,128],{"class":127},[62,29299,131],{"class":95},[62,29301,259],{"class":76},[62,29303,29304],{"class":80},"Key:",[62,29306,259],{"class":76},[62,29308,103],{"class":95},[62,29310,21742],{"class":139},[62,29312,434],{"class":95},[62,29314,29315,29317,29319,29321,29324,29326,29328,29330],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,29316,128],{"class":127},[62,29318,131],{"class":95},[62,29320,259],{"class":76},[62,29322,29323],{"class":80},"Value:",[62,29325,259],{"class":76},[62,29327,103],{"class":95},[62,29329,8612],{"class":139},[62,29331,434],{"class":95},[62,29333,29334,29336,29338,29340,29343,29345,29347,29349],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,29335,128],{"class":127},[62,29337,131],{"class":95},[62,29339,259],{"class":76},[62,29341,29342],{"class":80},"Dictionary:",[62,29344,259],{"class":76},[62,29346,103],{"class":95},[62,29348,29283],{"class":139},[62,29350,434],{"class":95},[14,29352,29353],{},[3946,29354,2282],{},[53,29356,29358],{"className":55,"code":29357,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,29359,29360,29370,29380],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29361,29362,29365,29367],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29363,29364],{"class":68},"Key",[62,29366,267],{"class":95},[62,29368,29369],{"class":68}," pages\n",[62,29371,29372,29375,29377],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29373,29374],{"class":68},"Value",[62,29376,267],{"class":95},[62,29378,29379],{"class":99}," 200\n",[62,29381,29382,29385,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,29383,29384],{"class":68},"Dictionary",[62,29386,267],{"class":95},[62,29388,256],{"class":95},[62,29390,3503],{"class":76},[62,29392,15625],{"class":80},[62,29394,3503],{"class":76},[62,29396,267],{"class":95},[62,29398,3498],{"class":76},[62,29400,15634],{"class":80},[62,29402,3503],{"class":76},[62,29404,287],{"class":95},[14,29406,29407],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[48,29409,29411],{"id":29410},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29413,29414,29415,28639,29417,409],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29416,12941],{},[3946,29418,28642],{},[14,29420,201],{},[53,29422,29424],{"className":55,"code":29423,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29425,29426,29470],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29427,29428,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466,29468],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29429,251],{"class":68},[62,29431,73],{"class":72},[62,29433,256],{"class":95},[62,29435,259],{"class":76},[62,29437,552],{"class":80},[62,29439,259],{"class":76},[62,29441,267],{"class":95},[62,29443,270],{"class":99},[62,29445,103],{"class":95},[62,29447,77],{"class":76},[62,29449,11916],{"class":80},[62,29451,259],{"class":76},[62,29453,267],{"class":95},[62,29455,284],{"class":99},[62,29457,103],{"class":95},[62,29459,77],{"class":76},[62,29461,22239],{"class":80},[62,29463,259],{"class":76},[62,29465,267],{"class":95},[62,29467,508],{"class":99},[62,29469,287],{"class":95},[62,29471,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29473,128],{"class":127},[62,29475,131],{"class":95},[62,29477,367],{"class":139},[62,29479,409],{"class":95},[62,29481,28708],{"class":139},[62,29483,7385],{"class":95},[14,29485,29486],{},[3946,29487,2282],{},[53,29489,29491],{"className":55,"code":29490,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29492,29493],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29494,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29496,131],{"class":95},[62,29498,3503],{"class":76},[62,29500,22239],{"class":80},[62,29502,3503],{"class":76},[62,29504,103],{"class":95},[62,29506,508],{"class":99},[62,29508,434],{"class":95},[14,29510,29511],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29513,29514,29515,29517,29518,29520],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3946,29516,4830],{}," think of ",[18,29519,12941],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29522,29523,29524,399,29528,404,29532,409],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[262,29525,29526],{"href":17241},[18,29527,17244],{},[262,29529,29530],{"href":17229},[18,29531,17232],{},[262,29533,29534],{"href":17235},[18,29535,17238],{},[48,29537,29539,29540,1940,29542],{"id":29538},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,29541,12941],{},[18,29543,12934],{},[14,29545,29546,1940,29548,29550],{},[18,29547,12941],{},[18,29549,12934],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1256,29552,29553],{"id":28708},[18,29554,12941],{},[29,29556,29557,29560,29563],{},[32,29558,29559],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[32,29561,29562],{},"does not need a key argument",[32,29564,3894,29565],{},[18,29566,21817],{},[1256,29568,29569],{"id":26402},[18,29570,12934],{},[29,29572,29573,29576,29579],{},[32,29574,29575],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[32,29577,29578],{},"needs the key name",[32,29580,29581],{},"returns only the value",[14,29583,201],{},[53,29585,29587],{"className":55,"code":29586,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,29588,29589,29633,29637,29651,29671,29675,29697,29716,29720],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29590,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29592,251],{"class":68},[62,29594,73],{"class":72},[62,29596,256],{"class":95},[62,29598,259],{"class":76},[62,29600,262],{"class":80},[62,29602,259],{"class":76},[62,29604,267],{"class":95},[62,29606,270],{"class":99},[62,29608,103],{"class":95},[62,29610,77],{"class":76},[62,29612,277],{"class":80},[62,29614,259],{"class":76},[62,29616,267],{"class":95},[62,29618,284],{"class":99},[62,29620,103],{"class":95},[62,29622,77],{"class":76},[62,29624,9912],{"class":80},[62,29626,259],{"class":76},[62,29628,267],{"class":95},[62,29630,508],{"class":99},[62,29632,287],{"class":95},[62,29634,29635],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29636,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29638,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647,29649],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,29640,28699],{"class":68},[62,29642,73],{"class":72},[62,29644,14733],{"class":68},[62,29646,409],{"class":95},[62,29648,28708],{"class":139},[62,29650,8822],{"class":95},[62,29652,29653,29655,29657,29659,29662,29664,29666,29669],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,29654,128],{"class":127},[62,29656,131],{"class":95},[62,29658,259],{"class":76},[62,29660,29661],{"class":80},"popitem():",[62,29663,259],{"class":76},[62,29665,103],{"class":95},[62,29667,29668],{"class":139}," item",[62,29670,434],{"class":95},[62,29672,29673],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,29674,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29676,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685,29687,29689,29691,29693,29695],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,29678,1613],{"class":68},[62,29680,73],{"class":72},[62,29682,14733],{"class":68},[62,29684,409],{"class":95},[62,29686,26402],{"class":139},[62,29688,131],{"class":95},[62,29690,259],{"class":76},[62,29692,262],{"class":80},[62,29694,259],{"class":76},[62,29696,434],{"class":95},[62,29698,29699,29701,29703,29705,29708,29710,29712,29714],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,29700,128],{"class":127},[62,29702,131],{"class":95},[62,29704,259],{"class":76},[62,29706,29707],{"class":80},"pop('a'):",[62,29709,259],{"class":76},[62,29711,103],{"class":95},[62,29713,8612],{"class":139},[62,29715,434],{"class":95},[62,29717,29718],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,29719,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29721,29722,29724,29726,29728],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,29723,128],{"class":127},[62,29725,131],{"class":95},[62,29727,367],{"class":139},[62,29729,434],{"class":95},[14,29731,29732],{},[3946,29733,2282],{},[53,29735,29737],{"className":55,"code":29736,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29738,29739,29760,29777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29740,29741,29743,29746,29748,29750,29752,29754,29756,29758],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29742,28708],{"class":139},[62,29744,29745],{"class":95},"():",[62,29747,854],{"class":95},[62,29749,3503],{"class":76},[62,29751,9912],{"class":80},[62,29753,3503],{"class":76},[62,29755,103],{"class":95},[62,29757,508],{"class":99},[62,29759,434],{"class":95},[62,29761,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29763,26402],{"class":139},[62,29765,131],{"class":95},[62,29767,3503],{"class":76},[62,29769,262],{"class":80},[62,29771,3503],{"class":76},[62,29773,16618],{"class":95},[62,29775,29776],{"class":99}," 1\n",[62,29778,29779,29781,29783,29785,29787,29789,29791],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,29780,9452],{"class":95},[62,29782,3503],{"class":76},[62,29784,277],{"class":80},[62,29786,3503],{"class":76},[62,29788,267],{"class":95},[62,29790,284],{"class":99},[62,29792,287],{"class":95},[14,29794,169,29795,29799],{},[262,29796,29797],{"href":12737},[18,29798,12934],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29801,169,29802,29804],{},[18,29803,12941],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[48,29806,29808],{"id":29807},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29810,29811,29812,29814],{},"Calling ",[18,29813,12941],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[53,29816,29818],{"className":55,"code":29817,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29819,29820,29828],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29821,29822,29824,29826],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29823,251],{"class":68},[62,29825,73],{"class":72},[62,29827,1206],{"class":95},[62,29829,29830,29832,29834,29836],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29831,367],{"class":68},[62,29833,409],{"class":95},[62,29835,28708],{"class":139},[62,29837,8822],{"class":95},[14,29839,29840],{},[3946,29841,29842],{},"Error:",[53,29844,29846],{"className":55,"code":29845,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29847,29848],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29849,29850,29852,29854,29856,29859],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29851,19851],{"class":430},[62,29853,267],{"class":95},[62,29855,3498],{"class":76},[62,29857,29858],{"class":80},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[62,29860,29861],{"class":76},"'\n",[1256,29863,29865],{"id":29864},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[53,29867,29869],{"className":55,"code":29868,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,29870,29871,29879,29883,29891,29906,29916,29922],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29872,29873,29875,29877],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29874,251],{"class":68},[62,29876,73],{"class":72},[62,29878,1206],{"class":95},[62,29880,29881],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29882,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29884,29885,29887,29889],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,29886,730],{"class":729},[62,29888,14733],{"class":68},[62,29890,749],{"class":95},[62,29892,29893,29896,29898,29900,29902,29904],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,29894,29895],{"class":68},"    item ",[62,29897,73],{"class":72},[62,29899,14733],{"class":68},[62,29901,409],{"class":95},[62,29903,28708],{"class":139},[62,29905,8822],{"class":95},[62,29907,29908,29910,29912,29914],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,29909,754],{"class":127},[62,29911,131],{"class":95},[62,29913,23470],{"class":139},[62,29915,434],{"class":95},[62,29917,29918,29920],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,29919,1431],{"class":729},[62,29921,749],{"class":95},[62,29923,29924,29926,29928,29930,29933,29935],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,29925,754],{"class":127},[62,29927,131],{"class":95},[62,29929,259],{"class":76},[62,29931,29932],{"class":80},"Dictionary is empty",[62,29934,259],{"class":76},[62,29936,434],{"class":95},[1256,29938,29940,29941],{"id":29939},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,29942,29943],{},"try-except",[53,29945,29947],{"className":55,"code":29946,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,29948,29949,29957,29961,29968,29982,29992,30002],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,29950,29951,29953,29955],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,29952,251],{"class":68},[62,29954,73],{"class":72},[62,29956,1206],{"class":95},[62,29958,29959],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,29960,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,29962,29963,29966],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,29964,29965],{"class":729},"try",[62,29967,749],{"class":95},[62,29969,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,29971,29895],{"class":68},[62,29973,73],{"class":72},[62,29975,14733],{"class":68},[62,29977,409],{"class":95},[62,29979,28708],{"class":139},[62,29981,8822],{"class":95},[62,29983,29984,29986,29988,29990],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,29985,754],{"class":127},[62,29987,131],{"class":95},[62,29989,23470],{"class":139},[62,29991,434],{"class":95},[62,29993,29994,29997,30000],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,29995,29996],{"class":729},"except",[62,29998,29999],{"class":430}," KeyError",[62,30001,749],{"class":95},[62,30003,30004,30006,30008,30010,30013,30015],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,30005,754],{"class":127},[62,30007,131],{"class":95},[62,30009,259],{"class":76},[62,30011,30012],{"class":80},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[62,30014,259],{"class":76},[62,30016,434],{"class":95},[14,30018,30019,30020,409],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[262,30021,25840,30023],{"href":30022},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,30024,30025],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[48,30027,5160,30029],{"id":30028},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,30030,12941],{},[14,30032,30033,30035],{},[18,30034,12941],{}," is useful when:",[29,30037,30038,30041,30044],{},[32,30039,30040],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[32,30042,30043],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[32,30045,30046],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30048,30049],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[53,30051,30053],{"className":55,"code":30052,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,30054,30055,30064,30084,30104,30122,30126,30130,30140,30159],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30056,30057,30060,30062],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30058,30059],{"class":68},"tasks ",[62,30061,73],{"class":72},[62,30063,1045],{"class":95},[62,30065,30066,30068,30071,30073,30075,30077,30080,30082],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,30067,1050],{"class":76},[62,30069,30070],{"class":80},"first",[62,30072,259],{"class":76},[62,30074,267],{"class":95},[62,30076,77],{"class":76},[62,30078,30079],{"class":80},"wash dishes",[62,30081,259],{"class":76},[62,30083,1066],{"class":95},[62,30085,30086,30088,30091,30093,30095,30097,30100,30102],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,30087,1050],{"class":76},[62,30089,30090],{"class":80},"second",[62,30092,259],{"class":76},[62,30094,267],{"class":95},[62,30096,77],{"class":76},[62,30098,30099],{"class":80},"do homework",[62,30101,259],{"class":76},[62,30103,1066],{"class":95},[62,30105,30106,30108,30111,30113,30115,30117,30120],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,30107,1050],{"class":76},[62,30109,30110],{"class":80},"third",[62,30112,259],{"class":76},[62,30114,267],{"class":95},[62,30116,77],{"class":76},[62,30118,30119],{"class":80},"read book",[62,30121,84],{"class":76},[62,30123,30124],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,30125,287],{"class":95},[62,30127,30128],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,30129,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,30131,30132,30135,30138],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,30133,30134],{"class":729},"while",[62,30136,30137],{"class":68}," tasks",[62,30139,749],{"class":95},[62,30141,30142,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,30143,30144],{"class":68},"    key",[62,30146,103],{"class":95},[62,30148,1788],{"class":68},[62,30150,73],{"class":72},[62,30152,30137],{"class":68},[62,30154,409],{"class":95},[62,30156,28708],{"class":139},[62,30158,8822],{"class":95},[62,30160,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,30162,754],{"class":127},[62,30164,131],{"class":95},[62,30166,22455],{"class":2276},[62,30168,259],{"class":80},[62,30170,9452],{"class":99},[62,30172,15008],{"class":139},[62,30174,22464],{"class":99},[62,30176,22467],{"class":80},[62,30178,9452],{"class":99},[62,30180,1632],{"class":139},[62,30182,22464],{"class":99},[62,30184,259],{"class":80},[62,30186,434],{"class":95},[14,30188,30189],{},[3946,30190,30191],{},"Possible output:",[53,30193,30195],{"className":55,"code":30194,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,30196,30197,30206,30215],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30198,30199,30201,30203],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30200,30110],{"class":68},[62,30202,267],{"class":95},[62,30204,30205],{"class":68}," read book\n",[62,30207,30208,30210,30212],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,30209,30090],{"class":68},[62,30211,267],{"class":95},[62,30213,30214],{"class":68}," do homework\n",[62,30216,30217,30219,30221],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,30218,30070],{"class":68},[62,30220,267],{"class":95},[62,30222,30223],{"class":68}," wash dishes\n",[14,30225,29222,30226,30228],{},[18,30227,12941],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[48,30230,1824],{"id":1823},[14,30232,14900,30233,267],{},[18,30234,12941],{},[29,30236,30237,30251,30270,30281],{},[32,30238,30239,30244],{},[3946,30240,29811,30241,30243],{},[18,30242,12941],{}," on an empty dictionary",[29,30245,30246],{},[32,30247,30248,30249,409],{},"This raises ",[18,30250,19851],{},[32,30252,30253,30258],{},[3946,30254,8631,30255,30257],{},[18,30256,12941],{}," to remove a specific key",[29,30259,30260,30263],{},[32,30261,30262],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[32,30264,169,30265,30269],{},[262,30266,30267],{"href":12737},[18,30268,12934],{}," if you need that.",[32,30271,30272,30276],{},[3946,30273,4904,30274,27860],{},[18,30275,12941],{},[29,30277,30278],{},[32,30279,30280],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[32,30282,30283,30286],{},[3946,30284,30285],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[29,30287,30288],{},[32,30289,30290,22137,30292,30294],{},[18,30291,12941],{},[18,30293,21817],{}," tuple.",[14,30296,30297],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[53,30299,30301],{"className":55,"code":30300,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,30302,30303,30313,30327,30331,30345],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30304,30305,30307,30309,30311],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30306,128],{"class":127},[62,30308,131],{"class":95},[62,30310,11622],{"class":139},[62,30312,434],{"class":95},[62,30314,30315,30317,30319,30321,30323,30325],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,30316,128],{"class":127},[62,30318,131],{"class":95},[62,30320,134],{"class":127},[62,30322,131],{"class":95},[62,30324,11622],{"class":139},[62,30326,1013],{"class":95},[62,30328,30329],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,30330,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,30332,30333,30335,30337,30339,30341,30343],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,30334,28699],{"class":68},[62,30336,73],{"class":72},[62,30338,11937],{"class":68},[62,30340,409],{"class":95},[62,30342,28708],{"class":139},[62,30344,8822],{"class":95},[62,30346,30347,30349,30351,30353],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,30348,128],{"class":127},[62,30350,131],{"class":95},[62,30352,23470],{"class":139},[62,30354,434],{"class":95},[14,30356,30357],{},"Or with unpacking:",[53,30359,30361],{"className":55,"code":30360,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,30362,30363,30381,30391],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30364,30365,30367,30369,30371,30373,30375,30377,30379],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30366,15008],{"class":68},[62,30368,103],{"class":95},[62,30370,1788],{"class":68},[62,30372,73],{"class":72},[62,30374,11937],{"class":68},[62,30376,409],{"class":95},[62,30378,28708],{"class":139},[62,30380,8822],{"class":95},[62,30382,30383,30385,30387,30389],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,30384,128],{"class":127},[62,30386,131],{"class":95},[62,30388,15008],{"class":139},[62,30390,434],{"class":95},[62,30392,30393,30395,30397,30399],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,30394,128],{"class":127},[62,30396,131],{"class":95},[62,30398,1632],{"class":139},[62,30400,434],{"class":95},[48,30402,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,30404,5340,30406,5343],{"id":30405},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30407,12941],{},[14,30409,30410,30411,409],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30412,30413],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1256,30415,12875,30417,30419],{"id":30416},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30418,12941],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30421,30422],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1256,30424,30426,30427,30429],{"id":30425},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30428,12941],{}," removes?",[14,30431,30432,30433,30437],{},"No. Use ",[262,30434,30435],{"href":12737},[18,30436,12934],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1256,30439,12875,30441,15063],{"id":30440},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30442,12941],{},[14,30444,30445],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1256,30447,30449,30450,30452],{"id":30448},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30451,12941],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30454,30455,30456,30458,30459,409],{},"It raises ",[18,30457,19851],{}," with the message ",[18,30460,29858],{},[48,30462,2109],{"id":2108},[29,30464,30465,30472,30478,30484,30490,30497,30501,30505],{},[32,30466,30467],{},[262,30468,30469,30471],{"href":12737},[18,30470,12934],{}," method for dictionaries",[32,30473,30474],{},[262,30475,30476,30471],{"href":17241},[18,30477,17244],{},[32,30479,30480],{},[262,30481,30482,30471],{"href":17229},[18,30483,17232],{},[32,30485,30486],{},[262,30487,30488,30471],{"href":17235},[18,30489,17238],{},[32,30491,30492],{},[262,30493,30495,30471],{"href":30494},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30496,11493],{},[32,30498,30499],{},[262,30500,12958],{"href":12744},[32,30502,30503],{},[262,30504,21620],{"href":16763},[32,30506,30507],{},[262,30508,30509,30510],{"href":30022},"Fix ",[18,30511,30025],{},[2145,30513,30514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":30516},[30517,30518,30520,30521,30522,30523,30524,30525,30530,30535,30537,30538,30550],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":28795,"depth":87,"text":30519},"What popitem() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":28865,"depth":87,"text":28866},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":29218,"depth":87,"text":29219},{"id":29410,"depth":87,"text":29411},{"id":29538,"depth":87,"text":30526,"children":30527},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30528,30529],{"id":28708,"depth":117,"text":12941},{"id":26402,"depth":117,"text":12934},{"id":29807,"depth":87,"text":29808,"children":30531},[30532,30533],{"id":29864,"depth":117,"text":29865},{"id":29939,"depth":117,"text":30534},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30028,"depth":87,"text":30536},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":30539},[30540,30542,30544,30546,30548],{"id":30405,"depth":117,"text":30541},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30416,"depth":117,"text":30543},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30425,"depth":117,"text":30545},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30440,"depth":117,"text":30547},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30448,"depth":117,"text":30549},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28534,"description":30551},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30558,"title":30559,"body":30560,"description":32462,"extension":2174,"meta":32463,"navigation":120,"path":14199,"seo":32464,"stem":32465,"__hash__":32466},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30561,"toc":32434},[30562,30567,30572,30575,30577,30674,30679,30684,30689,30692,30700,30703,30718,30720,30820,30822,30879,30883,30885,30888,30908,30913,30924,30927,30954,30957,30959,31016,31018,31039,31045,31050,31053,31064,31066,31173,31175,31228,31230,31242,31249,31255,31260,31263,31351,31353,31398,31401,31409,31412,31415,31484,31487,31490,31494,31497,31568,31570,31623,31626,31629,31632,31647,31650,31662,31665,31728,31730,31736,31738,31740,31819,31821,31862,31864,31929,31931,31968,31973,31978,31982,31996,31999,32122,32124,32209,32214,32216,32220,32242,32245,32325,32328,32347,32352,32354,32360,32365,32371,32374,32380,32383,32389,32394,32400,32406,32408,32431],[10,30563,11490,30565,11494],{"id":30564},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,30566,15121],{},[14,30568,2191,30569,30571],{},[18,30570,15121],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30573,30574],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[48,30576,51],{"id":50},[53,30578,30580],{"className":55,"code":30579,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,30581,30582,30618,30659,30669],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30583,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30585,1879],{"class":68},[62,30587,73],{"class":72},[62,30589,256],{"class":95},[62,30591,259],{"class":76},[62,30593,329],{"class":80},[62,30595,259],{"class":76},[62,30597,267],{"class":95},[62,30599,77],{"class":76},[62,30601,1896],{"class":80},[62,30603,259],{"class":76},[62,30605,103],{"class":95},[62,30607,77],{"class":76},[62,30609,1073],{"class":80},[62,30611,259],{"class":76},[62,30613,267],{"class":95},[62,30615,106],{"class":99},[62,30617,287],{"class":95},[62,30619,30620,30622,30624,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,30621,1925],{"class":68},[62,30623,409],{"class":95},[62,30625,30626],{"class":139},"update",[62,30628,547],{"class":95},[62,30630,259],{"class":76},[62,30632,1073],{"class":80},[62,30634,259],{"class":76},[62,30636,267],{"class":95},[62,30638,30639],{"class":99}," 21",[62,30641,103],{"class":95},[62,30643,77],{"class":76},[62,30645,10581],{"class":80},[62,30647,259],{"class":76},[62,30649,267],{"class":95},[62,30651,77],{"class":76},[62,30653,16198],{"class":80},[62,30655,259],{"class":76},[62,30657,30658],{"class":95},"})\n",[62,30660,30661,30663,30665,30667],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,30662,128],{"class":127},[62,30664,131],{"class":95},[62,30666,1925],{"class":139},[62,30668,434],{"class":95},[62,30670,30671],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,30672,30673],{"class":146},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30675,169,30676,30678],{},[18,30677,15121],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[48,30680,3879,30682,3882],{"id":30681},"what-update-does",[18,30683,15121],{},[14,30685,30686,30688],{},[18,30687,15121],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30690,30691],{},"It can do two main things:",[29,30693,30694,30697],{},[32,30695,30696],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[32,30698,30699],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30701,30702],{},"Important things to know:",[29,30704,30705,30708,30711,30715],{},[32,30706,30707],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[32,30709,30710],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[32,30712,5346,30713],{},[18,30714,1548],{},[32,30716,30717],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30719,201],{},[53,30721,30723],{"className":55,"code":30722,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30724,30725,30767,30810],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30726,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30763,30765],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30728,1040],{"class":68},[62,30730,73],{"class":72},[62,30732,256],{"class":95},[62,30734,259],{"class":76},[62,30736,329],{"class":80},[62,30738,259],{"class":76},[62,30740,267],{"class":95},[62,30742,77],{"class":76},[62,30744,30745],{"class":80},"Mira",[62,30747,259],{"class":76},[62,30749,103],{"class":95},[62,30751,77],{"class":76},[62,30753,1089],{"class":80},[62,30755,259],{"class":76},[62,30757,267],{"class":95},[62,30759,77],{"class":76},[62,30761,30762],{"class":80},"B",[62,30764,259],{"class":76},[62,30766,287],{"class":95},[62,30768,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30806,30808],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,30770,1121],{"class":68},[62,30772,409],{"class":95},[62,30774,30626],{"class":139},[62,30776,547],{"class":95},[62,30778,259],{"class":76},[62,30780,1089],{"class":80},[62,30782,259],{"class":76},[62,30784,267],{"class":95},[62,30786,77],{"class":76},[62,30788,1098],{"class":80},[62,30790,259],{"class":76},[62,30792,103],{"class":95},[62,30794,77],{"class":76},[62,30796,10581],{"class":80},[62,30798,259],{"class":76},[62,30800,267],{"class":95},[62,30802,77],{"class":76},[62,30804,30805],{"class":80},"Quito",[62,30807,259],{"class":76},[62,30809,30658],{"class":95},[62,30811,30812,30814,30816,30818],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,30813,128],{"class":127},[62,30815,131],{"class":95},[62,30817,1121],{"class":139},[62,30819,434],{"class":95},[14,30821,2282],{},[53,30823,30825],{"className":55,"code":30824,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30826,30827],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30828,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30830,9452],{"class":95},[62,30832,3503],{"class":76},[62,30834,329],{"class":80},[62,30836,3503],{"class":76},[62,30838,267],{"class":95},[62,30840,3498],{"class":76},[62,30842,30745],{"class":80},[62,30844,3503],{"class":76},[62,30846,103],{"class":95},[62,30848,3498],{"class":76},[62,30850,1089],{"class":80},[62,30852,3503],{"class":76},[62,30854,267],{"class":95},[62,30856,3498],{"class":76},[62,30858,1098],{"class":80},[62,30860,3503],{"class":76},[62,30862,103],{"class":95},[62,30864,3498],{"class":76},[62,30866,10581],{"class":80},[62,30868,3503],{"class":76},[62,30870,267],{"class":95},[62,30872,3498],{"class":76},[62,30874,30805],{"class":80},[62,30876,3503],{"class":76},[62,30878,287],{"class":95},[14,30880,9331,30881,409],{},[262,30882,24788],{"href":9563},[48,30884,413],{"id":412},[14,30886,30887],{},"The basic form is:",[53,30889,30891],{"className":55,"code":30890,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,30892,30893],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30894,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30906],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30896,15771],{"class":68},[62,30898,409],{"class":95},[62,30900,30626],{"class":139},[62,30902,131],{"class":95},[62,30904,30905],{"class":139},"other",[62,30907,434],{"class":95},[14,30909,30910,30912],{},[18,30911,30905],{}," can be:",[29,30914,30915,30918,30921],{},[32,30916,30917],{},"Another dictionary",[32,30919,30920],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[32,30922,30923],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30925,30926],{},"You can also use:",[53,30928,30930],{"className":55,"code":30929,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,30931,30932],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30933,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30935,15771],{"class":68},[62,30937,409],{"class":95},[62,30939,30626],{"class":139},[62,30941,131],{"class":95},[62,30943,329],{"class":9351},[62,30945,73],{"class":72},[62,30947,259],{"class":76},[62,30949,218],{"class":80},[62,30951,259],{"class":76},[62,30953,434],{"class":95},[14,30955,30956],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30958,201],{},[53,30960,30962],{"className":55,"code":30961,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,30963,30964,30984,31006],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,30965,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,30967,251],{"class":68},[62,30969,73],{"class":72},[62,30971,256],{"class":95},[62,30973,259],{"class":76},[62,30975,262],{"class":80},[62,30977,259],{"class":76},[62,30979,267],{"class":95},[62,30981,270],{"class":99},[62,30983,287],{"class":95},[62,30985,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,30987,367],{"class":68},[62,30989,409],{"class":95},[62,30991,30626],{"class":139},[62,30993,547],{"class":95},[62,30995,259],{"class":76},[62,30997,262],{"class":80},[62,30999,259],{"class":76},[62,31001,267],{"class":95},[62,31003,6200],{"class":99},[62,31005,30658],{"class":95},[62,31007,31008,31010,31012,31014],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,31009,128],{"class":127},[62,31011,131],{"class":95},[62,31013,367],{"class":139},[62,31015,434],{"class":95},[14,31017,2282],{},[53,31019,31021],{"className":55,"code":31020,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,31022,31023],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31024,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31026,9452],{"class":95},[62,31028,3503],{"class":76},[62,31030,262],{"class":80},[62,31032,3503],{"class":76},[62,31034,267],{"class":95},[62,31036,6200],{"class":99},[62,31038,287],{"class":95},[48,31040,1834,31042,31044],{"id":31041},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,31043,15121],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31046,31047,31048,409],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,31049,15121],{},[14,31051,31052],{},"It is useful when:",[29,31054,31055,31058,31061],{},[32,31056,31057],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[32,31059,31060],{},"Adding extra settings",[32,31062,31063],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31065,201],{},[53,31067,31069],{"className":55,"code":31068,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,31070,31071,31107,31144,31148,31163],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31072,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31074,13992],{"class":68},[62,31076,73],{"class":72},[62,31078,256],{"class":95},[62,31080,259],{"class":76},[62,31082,12665],{"class":80},[62,31084,259],{"class":76},[62,31086,267],{"class":95},[62,31088,77],{"class":76},[62,31090,21090],{"class":80},[62,31092,259],{"class":76},[62,31094,103],{"class":95},[62,31096,77],{"class":76},[62,31098,14017],{"class":80},[62,31100,259],{"class":76},[62,31102,267],{"class":95},[62,31104,1080],{"class":99},[62,31106,287],{"class":95},[62,31108,31109,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,31110,31111],{"class":68},"new_settings ",[62,31113,73],{"class":72},[62,31115,256],{"class":95},[62,31117,259],{"class":76},[62,31119,14017],{"class":80},[62,31121,259],{"class":76},[62,31123,267],{"class":95},[62,31125,14024],{"class":99},[62,31127,103],{"class":95},[62,31129,77],{"class":76},[62,31131,20286],{"class":80},[62,31133,259],{"class":76},[62,31135,267],{"class":95},[62,31137,77],{"class":76},[62,31139,20320],{"class":80},[62,31141,259],{"class":76},[62,31143,287],{"class":95},[62,31145,31146],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,31147,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,31149,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31161],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,31151,14051],{"class":68},[62,31153,409],{"class":95},[62,31155,30626],{"class":139},[62,31157,131],{"class":95},[62,31159,31160],{"class":139},"new_settings",[62,31162,434],{"class":95},[62,31164,31165,31167,31169,31171],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,31166,128],{"class":127},[62,31168,131],{"class":95},[62,31170,14051],{"class":139},[62,31172,434],{"class":95},[14,31174,2282],{},[53,31176,31178],{"className":55,"code":31177,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,31179,31180],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31181,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31183,9452],{"class":95},[62,31185,3503],{"class":76},[62,31187,12665],{"class":80},[62,31189,3503],{"class":76},[62,31191,267],{"class":95},[62,31193,3498],{"class":76},[62,31195,21090],{"class":80},[62,31197,3503],{"class":76},[62,31199,103],{"class":95},[62,31201,3498],{"class":76},[62,31203,14017],{"class":80},[62,31205,3503],{"class":76},[62,31207,267],{"class":95},[62,31209,14024],{"class":99},[62,31211,103],{"class":95},[62,31213,3498],{"class":76},[62,31215,20286],{"class":80},[62,31217,3503],{"class":76},[62,31219,267],{"class":95},[62,31221,3498],{"class":76},[62,31223,20320],{"class":80},[62,31225,3503],{"class":76},[62,31227,287],{"class":95},[14,31229,13576],{},[29,31231,31232,31237],{},[32,31233,31234,31236],{},[18,31235,14017],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[32,31238,31239,31241],{},[18,31240,20286],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31243,31244,31245,409],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[262,31246,31248],{"href":31247},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[48,31250,1834,31252,31254],{"id":31251},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,31253,15121],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31256,31257,31259],{},[18,31258,15121],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31261,31262],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[53,31264,31266],{"className":55,"code":31265,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,31267,31268,31288,31323,31327,31341],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31269,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31271,969],{"class":68},[62,31273,73],{"class":72},[62,31275,256],{"class":95},[62,31277,259],{"class":76},[62,31279,18580],{"class":80},[62,31281,259],{"class":76},[62,31283,267],{"class":95},[62,31285,20061],{"class":99},[62,31287,287],{"class":95},[62,31289,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31315,31317,31319,31321],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,31291,9390],{"class":68},[62,31293,73],{"class":72},[62,31295,9395],{"class":95},[62,31297,259],{"class":76},[62,31299,18589],{"class":80},[62,31301,259],{"class":76},[62,31303,103],{"class":95},[62,31305,13674],{"class":99},[62,31307,9408],{"class":95},[62,31309,854],{"class":95},[62,31311,259],{"class":76},[62,31313,31314],{"class":80},"english",[62,31316,259],{"class":76},[62,31318,103],{"class":95},[62,31320,29081],{"class":99},[62,31322,9423],{"class":95},[62,31324,31325],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,31326,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,31328,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,31330,1010],{"class":68},[62,31332,409],{"class":95},[62,31334,30626],{"class":139},[62,31336,131],{"class":95},[62,31338,9436],{"class":139},[62,31340,434],{"class":95},[62,31342,31343,31345,31347,31349],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,31344,128],{"class":127},[62,31346,131],{"class":95},[62,31348,1010],{"class":139},[62,31350,434],{"class":95},[14,31352,2282],{},[53,31354,31356],{"className":55,"code":31355,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,31357,31358],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31359,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31361,9452],{"class":95},[62,31363,3503],{"class":76},[62,31365,18580],{"class":80},[62,31367,3503],{"class":76},[62,31369,267],{"class":95},[62,31371,20061],{"class":99},[62,31373,103],{"class":95},[62,31375,3498],{"class":76},[62,31377,18589],{"class":80},[62,31379,3503],{"class":76},[62,31381,267],{"class":95},[62,31383,13674],{"class":99},[62,31385,103],{"class":95},[62,31387,3498],{"class":76},[62,31389,31314],{"class":80},[62,31391,3503],{"class":76},[62,31393,267],{"class":95},[62,31395,29081],{"class":99},[62,31397,287],{"class":95},[14,31399,31400],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[29,31402,31403,31406],{},[32,31404,31405],{},"The key",[32,31407,31408],{},"The value",[14,31410,31411],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31413,31414],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[53,31416,31418],{"className":55,"code":31417,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31419,31420,31440,31465,31469],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31421,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31423,251],{"class":68},[62,31425,73],{"class":72},[62,31427,256],{"class":95},[62,31429,259],{"class":76},[62,31431,262],{"class":80},[62,31433,259],{"class":76},[62,31435,267],{"class":95},[62,31437,270],{"class":99},[62,31439,287],{"class":95},[62,31441,31442,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,31443,31444],{"class":68},"bad_pairs ",[62,31446,73],{"class":72},[62,31448,9395],{"class":95},[62,31450,259],{"class":76},[62,31452,277],{"class":80},[62,31454,259],{"class":76},[62,31456,103],{"class":95},[62,31458,284],{"class":99},[62,31460,103],{"class":95},[62,31462,508],{"class":99},[62,31464,9423],{"class":95},[62,31466,31467],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,31468,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,31470,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31482],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,31472,367],{"class":68},[62,31474,409],{"class":95},[62,31476,30626],{"class":139},[62,31478,131],{"class":95},[62,31480,31481],{"class":139},"bad_pairs",[62,31483,434],{"class":95},[14,31485,31486],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31488,31489],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[48,31491,31493],{"id":31492},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31495,31496],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[53,31498,31500],{"className":55,"code":31499,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31501,31502,31526,31558],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31503,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31505,11661],{"class":68},[62,31507,73],{"class":72},[62,31509,256],{"class":95},[62,31511,259],{"class":76},[62,31513,329],{"class":80},[62,31515,259],{"class":76},[62,31517,267],{"class":95},[62,31519,77],{"class":76},[62,31521,29074],{"class":80},[62,31523,259],{"class":76},[62,31525,287],{"class":95},[62,31527,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31547,31549,31551,31554,31556],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,31529,11752],{"class":68},[62,31531,409],{"class":95},[62,31533,30626],{"class":139},[62,31535,131],{"class":95},[62,31537,1073],{"class":9351},[62,31539,73],{"class":72},[62,31541,9369],{"class":99},[62,31543,103],{"class":95},[62,31545,31546],{"class":9351}," city",[62,31548,73],{"class":72},[62,31550,259],{"class":76},[62,31552,31553],{"class":80},"Madrid",[62,31555,259],{"class":76},[62,31557,434],{"class":95},[62,31559,31560,31562,31564,31566],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,31561,128],{"class":127},[62,31563,131],{"class":95},[62,31565,11752],{"class":139},[62,31567,434],{"class":95},[14,31569,2282],{},[53,31571,31573],{"className":55,"code":31572,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,31574,31575],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31576,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31578,9452],{"class":95},[62,31580,3503],{"class":76},[62,31582,329],{"class":80},[62,31584,3503],{"class":76},[62,31586,267],{"class":95},[62,31588,3498],{"class":76},[62,31590,29074],{"class":80},[62,31592,3503],{"class":76},[62,31594,103],{"class":95},[62,31596,3498],{"class":76},[62,31598,1073],{"class":80},[62,31600,3503],{"class":76},[62,31602,267],{"class":95},[62,31604,9479],{"class":99},[62,31606,103],{"class":95},[62,31608,3498],{"class":76},[62,31610,10581],{"class":80},[62,31612,3503],{"class":76},[62,31614,267],{"class":95},[62,31616,3498],{"class":76},[62,31618,31553],{"class":80},[62,31620,3503],{"class":76},[62,31622,287],{"class":95},[14,31624,31625],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31627,31628],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31630,31631],{},"These work:",[29,31633,31634,31638,31642],{},[32,31635,31636],{},[18,31637,1073],{},[32,31639,31640],{},[18,31641,10581],{},[32,31643,31644],{},[18,31645,31646],{},"first_name",[14,31648,31649],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[29,31651,31652,31657],{},[32,31653,31654],{},[18,31655,31656],{},"\"first name\"",[32,31658,31659],{},[18,31660,31661],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31663,31664],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[53,31666,31668],{"className":55,"code":31667,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31669,31670,31678,31718],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31671,31672,31674,31676],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31673,11661],{"class":68},[62,31675,73],{"class":72},[62,31677,1206],{"class":95},[62,31679,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31709,31711,31713,31716],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,31681,11752],{"class":68},[62,31683,409],{"class":95},[62,31685,30626],{"class":139},[62,31687,547],{"class":95},[62,31689,259],{"class":76},[62,31691,10683],{"class":80},[62,31693,259],{"class":76},[62,31695,267],{"class":95},[62,31697,77],{"class":76},[62,31699,29074],{"class":80},[62,31701,259],{"class":76},[62,31703,103],{"class":95},[62,31705,77],{"class":76},[62,31707,31708],{"class":80},"user-id",[62,31710,259],{"class":76},[62,31712,267],{"class":95},[62,31714,31715],{"class":99}," 1001",[62,31717,30658],{"class":95},[62,31719,31720,31722,31724,31726],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,31721,128],{"class":127},[62,31723,131],{"class":95},[62,31725,11752],{"class":139},[62,31727,434],{"class":95},[48,31729,17584],{"id":17583},[14,31731,31732,2602,31734,409],{},[18,31733,15121],{},[18,31735,1548],{},[14,31737,14215],{},[14,31739,24868],{},[53,31741,31743],{"className":55,"code":31742,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31744,31745,31769,31795,31799,31809],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31746,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31748,1879],{"class":68},[62,31750,73],{"class":72},[62,31752,256],{"class":95},[62,31754,259],{"class":76},[62,31756,329],{"class":80},[62,31758,259],{"class":76},[62,31760,267],{"class":95},[62,31762,77],{"class":76},[62,31764,1896],{"class":80},[62,31766,259],{"class":76},[62,31768,287],{"class":95},[62,31770,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,31772,2435],{"class":68},[62,31774,73],{"class":72},[62,31776,13414],{"class":68},[62,31778,409],{"class":95},[62,31780,30626],{"class":139},[62,31782,547],{"class":95},[62,31784,259],{"class":76},[62,31786,1073],{"class":80},[62,31788,259],{"class":76},[62,31790,267],{"class":95},[62,31792,106],{"class":99},[62,31794,30658],{"class":95},[62,31796,31797],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,31798,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,31800,31801,31803,31805,31807],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,31802,128],{"class":127},[62,31804,131],{"class":95},[62,31806,2470],{"class":139},[62,31808,434],{"class":95},[62,31810,31811,31813,31815,31817],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,31812,128],{"class":127},[62,31814,131],{"class":95},[62,31816,1925],{"class":139},[62,31818,434],{"class":95},[14,31820,2282],{},[53,31822,31824],{"className":55,"code":31823,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31825,31826,31830],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31827,31828],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31829,11979],{"class":1618},[62,31831,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,31833,9452],{"class":95},[62,31835,3503],{"class":76},[62,31837,329],{"class":80},[62,31839,3503],{"class":76},[62,31841,267],{"class":95},[62,31843,3498],{"class":76},[62,31845,1896],{"class":80},[62,31847,3503],{"class":76},[62,31849,103],{"class":95},[62,31851,3498],{"class":76},[62,31853,1073],{"class":80},[62,31855,3503],{"class":76},[62,31857,267],{"class":95},[62,31859,106],{"class":99},[62,31861,287],{"class":95},[14,31863,16822],{},[53,31865,31867],{"className":55,"code":31866,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31868,31869,31893,31915,31919],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31870,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31872,1879],{"class":68},[62,31874,73],{"class":72},[62,31876,256],{"class":95},[62,31878,259],{"class":76},[62,31880,329],{"class":80},[62,31882,259],{"class":76},[62,31884,267],{"class":95},[62,31886,77],{"class":76},[62,31888,1896],{"class":80},[62,31890,259],{"class":76},[62,31892,287],{"class":95},[62,31894,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,31896,1925],{"class":68},[62,31898,409],{"class":95},[62,31900,30626],{"class":139},[62,31902,547],{"class":95},[62,31904,259],{"class":76},[62,31906,1073],{"class":80},[62,31908,259],{"class":76},[62,31910,267],{"class":95},[62,31912,106],{"class":99},[62,31914,30658],{"class":95},[62,31916,31917],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,31918,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,31920,31921,31923,31925,31927],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,31922,128],{"class":127},[62,31924,131],{"class":95},[62,31926,1925],{"class":139},[62,31928,434],{"class":95},[14,31930,2282],{},[53,31932,31934],{"className":55,"code":31933,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31935,31936],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,31937,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,31939,9452],{"class":95},[62,31941,3503],{"class":76},[62,31943,329],{"class":80},[62,31945,3503],{"class":76},[62,31947,267],{"class":95},[62,31949,3498],{"class":76},[62,31951,1896],{"class":80},[62,31953,3503],{"class":76},[62,31955,103],{"class":95},[62,31957,3498],{"class":76},[62,31959,1073],{"class":80},[62,31961,3503],{"class":76},[62,31963,267],{"class":95},[62,31965,106],{"class":99},[62,31967,287],{"class":95},[14,31969,31970,31971,409],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[262,31972,18067],{"href":10902},[48,31974,5160,31976],{"id":31975},"when-to-use-update",[18,31977,15121],{},[14,31979,169,31980,10772],{},[18,31981,15121],{},[29,31983,31984,31987,31990,31993],{},[32,31985,31986],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[32,31988,31989],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[32,31991,31992],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[32,31994,31995],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31997,31998],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[53,32000,32002],{"className":55,"code":32001,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,32003,32004,32040,32055,32059,32098,32102,32112],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32005,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32007,12257],{"class":68},[62,32009,73],{"class":72},[62,32011,256],{"class":95},[62,32013,259],{"class":76},[62,32015,329],{"class":80},[62,32017,259],{"class":76},[62,32019,267],{"class":95},[62,32021,77],{"class":76},[62,32023,1896],{"class":80},[62,32025,259],{"class":76},[62,32027,103],{"class":95},[62,32029,77],{"class":76},[62,32031,1073],{"class":80},[62,32033,259],{"class":76},[62,32035,267],{"class":95},[62,32037,106],{"class":99},[62,32039,287],{"class":95},[62,32041,32042,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,32043,32044],{"class":68},"updated ",[62,32046,73],{"class":72},[62,32048,12332],{"class":68},[62,32050,409],{"class":95},[62,32052,13081],{"class":139},[62,32054,8822],{"class":95},[62,32056,32057],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,32058,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,32060,32061,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,32062,32063],{"class":68},"updated",[62,32065,409],{"class":95},[62,32067,30626],{"class":139},[62,32069,547],{"class":95},[62,32071,259],{"class":76},[62,32073,1073],{"class":80},[62,32075,259],{"class":76},[62,32077,267],{"class":95},[62,32079,30639],{"class":99},[62,32081,103],{"class":95},[62,32083,77],{"class":76},[62,32085,10581],{"class":80},[62,32087,259],{"class":76},[62,32089,267],{"class":95},[62,32091,77],{"class":76},[62,32093,16198],{"class":80},[62,32095,259],{"class":76},[62,32097,30658],{"class":95},[62,32099,32100],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,32101,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,32103,32104,32106,32108,32110],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,32105,128],{"class":127},[62,32107,131],{"class":95},[62,32109,12304],{"class":139},[62,32111,434],{"class":95},[62,32113,32114,32116,32118,32120],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,32115,128],{"class":127},[62,32117,131],{"class":95},[62,32119,32063],{"class":139},[62,32121,434],{"class":95},[14,32123,2282],{},[53,32125,32127],{"className":55,"code":32126,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,32128,32129,32161],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32130,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32132,9452],{"class":95},[62,32134,3503],{"class":76},[62,32136,329],{"class":80},[62,32138,3503],{"class":76},[62,32140,267],{"class":95},[62,32142,3498],{"class":76},[62,32144,1896],{"class":80},[62,32146,3503],{"class":76},[62,32148,103],{"class":95},[62,32150,3498],{"class":76},[62,32152,1073],{"class":80},[62,32154,3503],{"class":76},[62,32156,267],{"class":95},[62,32158,106],{"class":99},[62,32160,287],{"class":95},[62,32162,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,32164,9452],{"class":95},[62,32166,3503],{"class":76},[62,32168,329],{"class":80},[62,32170,3503],{"class":76},[62,32172,267],{"class":95},[62,32174,3498],{"class":76},[62,32176,1896],{"class":80},[62,32178,3503],{"class":76},[62,32180,103],{"class":95},[62,32182,3498],{"class":76},[62,32184,1073],{"class":80},[62,32186,3503],{"class":76},[62,32188,267],{"class":95},[62,32190,30639],{"class":99},[62,32192,103],{"class":95},[62,32194,3498],{"class":76},[62,32196,10581],{"class":80},[62,32198,3503],{"class":76},[62,32200,267],{"class":95},[62,32202,3498],{"class":76},[62,32204,16198],{"class":80},[62,32206,3503],{"class":76},[62,32208,287],{"class":95},[14,32210,32211,32212,409],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[262,32213,16764],{"href":16763},[48,32215,1824],{"id":1823},[14,32217,10919,32218,267],{},[18,32219,15121],{},[29,32221,32222,32229,32233,32236,32239],{},[32,32223,12765,32224,32226,32227],{},[18,32225,15121],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,32228,1548],{},[32,32230,8631,32231,12773],{},[18,32232,15121],{},[32,32234,32235],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[32,32237,32238],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[32,32240,32241],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32243,32244],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[53,32246,32248],{"className":55,"code":32247,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,32249,32250,32260,32274,32288,32310],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32251,32252,32254,32256,32258],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32253,128],{"class":127},[62,32255,131],{"class":95},[62,32257,11622],{"class":139},[62,32259,434],{"class":95},[62,32261,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,32263,128],{"class":127},[62,32265,131],{"class":95},[62,32267,1690],{"class":430},[62,32269,131],{"class":95},[62,32271,367],{"class":139},[62,32273,1013],{"class":95},[62,32275,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,32277,128],{"class":127},[62,32279,131],{"class":95},[62,32281,8276],{"class":430},[62,32283,131],{"class":95},[62,32285,367],{"class":139},[62,32287,1013],{"class":95},[62,32289,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,32291,128],{"class":127},[62,32293,131],{"class":95},[62,32295,11622],{"class":139},[62,32297,409],{"class":95},[62,32299,19914],{"class":139},[62,32301,131],{"class":95},[62,32303,3503],{"class":76},[62,32305,15008],{"class":80},[62,32307,3503],{"class":76},[62,32309,1013],{"class":95},[62,32311,32312,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,32313,32314],{"class":127},"help",[62,32316,131],{"class":95},[62,32318,9001],{"class":430},[62,32320,409],{"class":95},[62,32322,30626],{"class":24910},[62,32324,434],{"class":95},[14,32326,32327],{},"These can help you check:",[29,32329,32330,32333,32338,32341,32344],{},[32,32331,32332],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[32,32334,32335,32336],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,32337,15121],{},[32,32339,32340],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[32,32342,32343],{},"Whether a key exists",[32,32345,32346],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32348,32349,32350,409],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[262,32351,11434],{"href":11246},[48,32353,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,32355,12875,32357,32359],{"id":32356},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,32358,15121],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32361,32362,32363,409],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,32364,1548],{},[1256,32366,12875,32368,32370],{"id":32367},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,32369,15121],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32372,32373],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1256,32375,5368,32377,32379],{"id":32376},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,32378,15121],{}," add new keys?",[14,32381,32382],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1256,32384,28489,32386,32388],{"id":32385},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,32387,15121],{}," with a list?",[14,32390,32391,32392,409],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,32393,11267],{},[1256,32395,5378,32397,32399],{"id":32396},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,32398,15121],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32401,32402,32403,32405],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,32404,15121],{}," can change many keys at once.",[48,32407,2109],{"id":2108},[29,32409,32410,32414,32418,32423,32427],{},[32,32411,32412],{},[262,32413,26256],{"href":9563},[32,32415,32416],{},[262,32417,11423],{"href":10902},[32,32419,32420],{},[262,32421,32422],{"href":31247},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[32,32424,32425],{},[262,32426,21620],{"href":16763},[32,32428,32429],{},[262,32430,11434],{"href":11246},[2145,32432,32433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":32435},[32436,32437,32439,32440,32442,32444,32445,32446,32448,32449,32461],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":30681,"depth":87,"text":32438},"What update() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":31041,"depth":87,"text":32441},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31251,"depth":87,"text":32443},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31492,"depth":87,"text":31493},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":31975,"depth":87,"text":32447},"When to use update()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":32450},[32451,32453,32455,32457,32459],{"id":32356,"depth":117,"text":32452},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32367,"depth":117,"text":32454},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32376,"depth":117,"text":32456},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32385,"depth":117,"text":32458},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32396,"depth":117,"text":32460},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30559,"description":32462},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32468,"title":32469,"body":32470,"description":34459,"extension":2174,"meta":34460,"navigation":120,"path":23055,"seo":34461,"stem":34462,"__hash__":34463},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32471,"toc":34422},[32472,32477,32484,32487,32489,32588,32590,32645,32650,32655,32669,32674,32676,32691,32693,32707,32720,32725,32731,32738,32740,32847,32849,32898,32904,32979,32981,33002,33004,33007,33112,33114,33169,33171,33199,33203,33208,33287,33289,33309,33311,33322,33332,33336,33341,33445,33447,33472,33475,33486,33491,33500,33503,33520,33522,33609,33611,33674,33676,33699,33701,33706,33712,33717,33719,33758,33764,33767,33786,33797,33803,33806,33879,33881,33900,33905,33908,33931,33937,33940,34004,34007,34084,34091,34094,34153,34159,34161,34180,34184,34187,34238,34241,34261,34263,34324,34326,34331,34336,34341,34346,34351,34356,34362,34365,34374,34382,34384,34419],[10,32473,11490,32475,11494],{"id":32474},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32476,17238],{},[14,32478,32479,32480,32483],{},"The Python ",[18,32481,32482],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32485,32486],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[48,32488,51],{"id":50},[53,32490,32492],{"className":55,"code":32491,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32493,32494,32546,32560,32564,32574],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32495,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32497,1040],{"class":68},[62,32499,73],{"class":72},[62,32501,256],{"class":95},[62,32503,259],{"class":76},[62,32505,329],{"class":80},[62,32507,259],{"class":76},[62,32509,267],{"class":95},[62,32511,77],{"class":76},[62,32513,1896],{"class":80},[62,32515,259],{"class":76},[62,32517,103],{"class":95},[62,32519,77],{"class":76},[62,32521,1073],{"class":80},[62,32523,259],{"class":76},[62,32525,267],{"class":95},[62,32527,106],{"class":99},[62,32529,103],{"class":95},[62,32531,77],{"class":76},[62,32533,10581],{"class":80},[62,32535,259],{"class":76},[62,32537,267],{"class":95},[62,32539,77],{"class":76},[62,32541,16198],{"class":80},[62,32543,259],{"class":76},[62,32545,287],{"class":95},[62,32547,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,32549,292],{"class":68},[62,32551,73],{"class":72},[62,32553,13076],{"class":68},[62,32555,409],{"class":95},[62,32557,386],{"class":139},[62,32559,8822],{"class":95},[62,32561,32562],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,32563,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,32565,32566,32568,32570,32572],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,32567,128],{"class":127},[62,32569,131],{"class":95},[62,32571,386],{"class":139},[62,32573,434],{"class":95},[62,32575,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,32577,128],{"class":127},[62,32579,131],{"class":95},[62,32581,8276],{"class":430},[62,32583,131],{"class":95},[62,32585,386],{"class":139},[62,32587,1013],{"class":95},[14,32589,2282],{},[53,32591,32593],{"className":55,"code":32592,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,32594,32595,32621],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32596,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32598,17204],{"class":139},[62,32600,496],{"class":95},[62,32602,3503],{"class":76},[62,32604,1896],{"class":80},[62,32606,3503],{"class":76},[62,32608,103],{"class":95},[62,32610,106],{"class":99},[62,32612,103],{"class":95},[62,32614,3498],{"class":76},[62,32616,16198],{"class":80},[62,32618,3503],{"class":76},[62,32620,4088],{"class":95},[62,32622,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,32624,948],{"class":95},[62,32626,3503],{"class":76},[62,32628,1896],{"class":80},[62,32630,3503],{"class":76},[62,32632,103],{"class":95},[62,32634,106],{"class":99},[62,32636,103],{"class":95},[62,32638,3498],{"class":76},[62,32640,16198],{"class":80},[62,32642,3503],{"class":76},[62,32644,114],{"class":95},[14,32646,32647,32649],{},[18,32648,17238],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[48,32651,3879,32653,3882],{"id":32652},"what-values-does",[18,32654,17238],{},[29,32656,32657,32660,32663,32666],{},[32,32658,32659],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[32,32661,32662],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[32,32664,32665],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[32,32667,32668],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32670,32671,32672,409],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[262,32673,9564],{"href":9563},[48,32675,413],{"id":412},[53,32677,32679],{"className":55,"code":32678,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32680,32681],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32682,32683,32685,32687,32689],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32684,11622],{"class":68},[62,32686,409],{"class":95},[62,32688,386],{"class":139},[62,32690,8822],{"class":95},[14,32692,13222],{},[29,32694,32695,32699,32702],{},[32,32696,32697,11638],{},[18,32698,17238],{},[32,32700,32701],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[32,32703,32704,32705],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32706,17238],{},[14,32708,32709,32710,1940,32715,409],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[262,32711,32712,32714],{"href":17229},[18,32713,17232],{}," for dictionary keys",[262,32716,32717,32719],{"href":17241},[18,32718,17244],{}," for key-value pairs",[48,32721,3879,32723,11876],{"id":32722},"what-values-returns",[18,32724,17238],{},[14,32726,32727,22137,32729,24924],{},[18,32728,17238],{},[18,32730,17204],{},[14,32732,32733,32734,32737],{},"This object is a ",[3946,32735,32736],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32739,201],{},[53,32741,32743],{"className":55,"code":32742,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32744,32745,32781,32785,32800,32811,32815,32837],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32746,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32748,1879],{"class":68},[62,32750,73],{"class":72},[62,32752,256],{"class":95},[62,32754,259],{"class":76},[62,32756,329],{"class":80},[62,32758,259],{"class":76},[62,32760,267],{"class":95},[62,32762,77],{"class":76},[62,32764,1061],{"class":80},[62,32766,259],{"class":76},[62,32768,103],{"class":95},[62,32770,77],{"class":76},[62,32772,1073],{"class":80},[62,32774,259],{"class":76},[62,32776,267],{"class":95},[62,32778,9479],{"class":99},[62,32780,287],{"class":95},[62,32782,32783],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,32784,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,32786,32787,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,32788,32789],{"class":68},"values_view ",[62,32791,73],{"class":72},[62,32793,13414],{"class":68},[62,32795,409],{"class":95},[62,32797,386],{"class":139},[62,32799,8822],{"class":95},[62,32801,32802,32804,32806,32809],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,32803,128],{"class":127},[62,32805,131],{"class":95},[62,32807,32808],{"class":139},"values_view",[62,32810,434],{"class":95},[62,32812,32813],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,32814,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,32816,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,32818,1925],{"class":68},[62,32820,948],{"class":95},[62,32822,259],{"class":76},[62,32824,10581],{"class":80},[62,32826,259],{"class":76},[62,32828,13440],{"class":95},[62,32830,13443],{"class":72},[62,32832,77],{"class":76},[62,32834,30805],{"class":80},[62,32836,84],{"class":76},[62,32838,32839,32841,32843,32845],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,32840,128],{"class":127},[62,32842,131],{"class":95},[62,32844,32808],{"class":139},[62,32846,434],{"class":95},[14,32848,2282],{},[53,32850,32852],{"className":55,"code":32851,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32853,32854,32872],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32855,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32857,17204],{"class":139},[62,32859,496],{"class":95},[62,32861,3503],{"class":76},[62,32863,1061],{"class":80},[62,32865,3503],{"class":76},[62,32867,103],{"class":95},[62,32869,9479],{"class":99},[62,32871,4088],{"class":95},[62,32873,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,32875,17204],{"class":139},[62,32877,496],{"class":95},[62,32879,3503],{"class":76},[62,32881,1061],{"class":80},[62,32883,3503],{"class":76},[62,32885,103],{"class":95},[62,32887,9479],{"class":99},[62,32889,103],{"class":95},[62,32891,3498],{"class":76},[62,32893,30805],{"class":80},[62,32895,3503],{"class":76},[62,32897,4088],{"class":95},[14,32899,32900,32901,409],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,32902,32903],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[53,32905,32907],{"className":55,"code":32906,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,32908,32909,32945,32964,32968],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32910,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32912,1879],{"class":68},[62,32914,73],{"class":72},[62,32916,256],{"class":95},[62,32918,259],{"class":76},[62,32920,329],{"class":80},[62,32922,259],{"class":76},[62,32924,267],{"class":95},[62,32926,77],{"class":76},[62,32928,1061],{"class":80},[62,32930,259],{"class":76},[62,32932,103],{"class":95},[62,32934,77],{"class":76},[62,32936,1073],{"class":80},[62,32938,259],{"class":76},[62,32940,267],{"class":95},[62,32942,9479],{"class":99},[62,32944,287],{"class":95},[62,32946,32947,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,32948,32949],{"class":68},"values_list ",[62,32951,73],{"class":72},[62,32953,1733],{"class":430},[62,32955,131],{"class":95},[62,32957,1925],{"class":139},[62,32959,409],{"class":95},[62,32961,386],{"class":139},[62,32963,7385],{"class":95},[62,32965,32966],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,32967,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,32969,32970,32972,32974,32977],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,32971,128],{"class":127},[62,32973,131],{"class":95},[62,32975,32976],{"class":139},"values_list",[62,32978,434],{"class":95},[14,32980,2282],{},[53,32982,32984],{"className":55,"code":32983,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,32985,32986],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,32987,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,32989,948],{"class":95},[62,32991,3503],{"class":76},[62,32993,1061],{"class":80},[62,32995,3503],{"class":76},[62,32997,103],{"class":95},[62,32999,9479],{"class":99},[62,33001,114],{"class":95},[48,33003,11648],{"id":11647},[14,33005,33006],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[53,33008,33010],{"className":55,"code":33009,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,33011,33012,33066,33070,33084,33088,33098],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33013,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33047,33049,33051,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33015,24956],{"class":68},[62,33017,73],{"class":72},[62,33019,256],{"class":95},[62,33021,259],{"class":76},[62,33023,24965],{"class":80},[62,33025,259],{"class":76},[62,33027,267],{"class":95},[62,33029,77],{"class":76},[62,33031,24974],{"class":80},[62,33033,259],{"class":76},[62,33035,103],{"class":95},[62,33037,77],{"class":76},[62,33039,24983],{"class":80},[62,33041,259],{"class":76},[62,33043,267],{"class":95},[62,33045,33046],{"class":99}," 2022",[62,33048,103],{"class":95},[62,33050,77],{"class":76},[62,33052,33053],{"class":80},"color",[62,33055,259],{"class":76},[62,33057,267],{"class":95},[62,33059,77],{"class":76},[62,33061,815],{"class":80},[62,33063,259],{"class":76},[62,33065,287],{"class":95},[62,33067,33068],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33069,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,33071,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,33073,2435],{"class":68},[62,33075,73],{"class":72},[62,33077,25005],{"class":68},[62,33079,409],{"class":95},[62,33081,386],{"class":139},[62,33083,8822],{"class":95},[62,33085,33086],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,33087,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,33089,33090,33092,33094,33096],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,33091,128],{"class":127},[62,33093,131],{"class":95},[62,33095,2470],{"class":139},[62,33097,434],{"class":95},[62,33099,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,33101,128],{"class":127},[62,33103,131],{"class":95},[62,33105,8276],{"class":430},[62,33107,131],{"class":95},[62,33109,2470],{"class":139},[62,33111,1013],{"class":95},[14,33113,2282],{},[53,33115,33117],{"className":55,"code":33116,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,33118,33119,33145],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33120,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33122,17204],{"class":139},[62,33124,496],{"class":95},[62,33126,3503],{"class":76},[62,33128,24974],{"class":80},[62,33130,3503],{"class":76},[62,33132,103],{"class":95},[62,33134,33046],{"class":99},[62,33136,103],{"class":95},[62,33138,3498],{"class":76},[62,33140,815],{"class":80},[62,33142,3503],{"class":76},[62,33144,4088],{"class":95},[62,33146,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33148,948],{"class":95},[62,33150,3503],{"class":76},[62,33152,24974],{"class":80},[62,33154,3503],{"class":76},[62,33156,103],{"class":95},[62,33158,33046],{"class":99},[62,33160,103],{"class":95},[62,33162,3498],{"class":76},[62,33164,815],{"class":80},[62,33166,3503],{"class":76},[62,33168,114],{"class":95},[14,33170,11854],{},[29,33172,33173,33179,33185,33193],{},[32,33174,33175,33178],{},[18,33176,33177],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[32,33180,33181,33184],{},[18,33182,33183],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[32,33186,33187,33190,33191,24777],{},[18,33188,33189],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,33192,17204],{},[32,33194,33195,33198],{},[18,33196,33197],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[48,33200,33202],{"id":33201},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33204,33205,33206,26225],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,33207,6154],{},[53,33209,33211],{"className":55,"code":33210,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,33212,33213,33257,33261,33277],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33214,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33216,969],{"class":68},[62,33218,73],{"class":72},[62,33220,256],{"class":95},[62,33222,259],{"class":76},[62,33224,18580],{"class":80},[62,33226,259],{"class":76},[62,33228,267],{"class":95},[62,33230,20061],{"class":99},[62,33232,103],{"class":95},[62,33234,77],{"class":76},[62,33236,31314],{"class":80},[62,33238,259],{"class":76},[62,33240,267],{"class":95},[62,33242,13674],{"class":99},[62,33244,103],{"class":95},[62,33246,77],{"class":76},[62,33248,18589],{"class":80},[62,33250,259],{"class":76},[62,33252,267],{"class":95},[62,33254,29081],{"class":99},[62,33256,287],{"class":95},[62,33258,33259],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33260,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,33262,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,33264,6154],{"class":729},[62,33266,1788],{"class":68},[62,33268,4082],{"class":729},[62,33270,5308],{"class":68},[62,33272,409],{"class":95},[62,33274,386],{"class":139},[62,33276,21757],{"class":95},[62,33278,33279,33281,33283,33285],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,33280,754],{"class":127},[62,33282,131],{"class":95},[62,33284,1632],{"class":139},[62,33286,434],{"class":95},[14,33288,2282],{},[53,33290,33292],{"className":55,"code":33291,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,33293,33294,33299,33304],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33295,33296],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33297,33298],{"class":99},"90\n",[62,33300,33301],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33302,33303],{"class":99},"85\n",[62,33305,33306],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,33307,33308],{"class":99},"88\n",[14,33310,17873],{},[29,33312,33313,33316,33319],{},[32,33314,33315],{},"You only need the values",[32,33317,33318],{},"You do not care about the keys",[32,33320,33321],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33323,33324,33325,2022,33329,409],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[262,33326,10908,33327,10912],{"href":17241},[18,33328,17244],{},[262,33330,22636],{"href":33331},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[48,33333,33335],{"id":33334},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33337,169,33338,33340],{},[18,33339,32903],{}," when you need a list.",[53,33342,33344],{"className":55,"code":33343,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,33345,33346,33392,33396,33416,33420,33431],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33347,33348,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33384,33386,33388,33390],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33349,33350],{"class":68},"fruit_prices ",[62,33352,73],{"class":72},[62,33354,256],{"class":95},[62,33356,259],{"class":76},[62,33358,901],{"class":80},[62,33360,259],{"class":76},[62,33362,267],{"class":95},[62,33364,284],{"class":99},[62,33366,103],{"class":95},[62,33368,77],{"class":76},[62,33370,910],{"class":80},[62,33372,259],{"class":76},[62,33374,267],{"class":95},[62,33376,270],{"class":99},[62,33378,103],{"class":95},[62,33380,77],{"class":76},[62,33382,33383],{"class":80},"orange",[62,33385,259],{"class":76},[62,33387,267],{"class":95},[62,33389,508],{"class":99},[62,33391,287],{"class":95},[62,33393,33394],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33395,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,33397,33398,33401,33403,33405,33407,33410,33412,33414],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,33399,33400],{"class":68},"price_list ",[62,33402,73],{"class":72},[62,33404,1733],{"class":430},[62,33406,131],{"class":95},[62,33408,33409],{"class":139},"fruit_prices",[62,33411,409],{"class":95},[62,33413,386],{"class":139},[62,33415,7385],{"class":95},[62,33417,33418],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,33419,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,33421,33422,33424,33426,33429],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,33423,128],{"class":127},[62,33425,131],{"class":95},[62,33427,33428],{"class":139},"price_list",[62,33430,434],{"class":95},[62,33432,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,33434,128],{"class":127},[62,33436,131],{"class":95},[62,33438,33428],{"class":139},[62,33440,948],{"class":95},[62,33442,665],{"class":99},[62,33444,4088],{"class":95},[14,33446,2282],{},[53,33448,33450],{"className":55,"code":33449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33451,33452,33468],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33453,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33455,948],{"class":95},[62,33457,1935],{"class":99},[62,33459,103],{"class":95},[62,33461,270],{"class":99},[62,33463,103],{"class":95},[62,33465,508],{"class":99},[62,33467,114],{"class":95},[62,33469,33470],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33471,17223],{"class":99},[14,33473,33474],{},"This is helpful for:",[29,33476,33477,33480,33483],{},[32,33478,33479],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[32,33481,33482],{},"Accessing values by index",[32,33484,33485],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33487,4124,33488,33490],{},[18,33489,17204],{}," is not the same as a list.",[48,33492,33494,10756,33496,10756,33498],{"id":33493},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33495,17238],{},[18,33497,17232],{},[18,33499,17244],{},[14,33501,33502],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[29,33504,33505,33510,33515],{},[32,33506,33507,33509],{},[18,33508,17238],{}," returns only the values",[32,33511,33512,33514],{},[18,33513,17232],{}," returns only the keys",[32,33516,33517,33519],{},[18,33518,17244],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33521,2337],{},[53,33523,33525],{"className":55,"code":33524,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33526,33527,33563,33567,33581,33595],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33528,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33530,1040],{"class":68},[62,33532,73],{"class":72},[62,33534,256],{"class":95},[62,33536,259],{"class":76},[62,33538,329],{"class":80},[62,33540,259],{"class":76},[62,33542,267],{"class":95},[62,33544,77],{"class":76},[62,33546,1896],{"class":80},[62,33548,259],{"class":76},[62,33550,103],{"class":95},[62,33552,77],{"class":76},[62,33554,1073],{"class":80},[62,33556,259],{"class":76},[62,33558,267],{"class":95},[62,33560,106],{"class":99},[62,33562,287],{"class":95},[62,33564,33565],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33566,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,33568,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,33570,128],{"class":127},[62,33572,131],{"class":95},[62,33574,1121],{"class":139},[62,33576,409],{"class":95},[62,33578,17090],{"class":139},[62,33580,7385],{"class":95},[62,33582,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,33584,128],{"class":127},[62,33586,131],{"class":95},[62,33588,1121],{"class":139},[62,33590,409],{"class":95},[62,33592,386],{"class":139},[62,33594,7385],{"class":95},[62,33596,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,33598,128],{"class":127},[62,33600,131],{"class":95},[62,33602,1121],{"class":139},[62,33604,409],{"class":95},[62,33606,161],{"class":139},[62,33608,7385],{"class":95},[14,33610,2282],{},[53,33612,33614],{"className":55,"code":33613,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,33615,33616,33638,33656],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33617,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33619,17181],{"class":139},[62,33621,496],{"class":95},[62,33623,3503],{"class":76},[62,33625,329],{"class":80},[62,33627,3503],{"class":76},[62,33629,103],{"class":95},[62,33631,3498],{"class":76},[62,33633,1073],{"class":80},[62,33635,3503],{"class":76},[62,33637,4088],{"class":95},[62,33639,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33641,17204],{"class":139},[62,33643,496],{"class":95},[62,33645,3503],{"class":76},[62,33647,1896],{"class":80},[62,33649,3503],{"class":76},[62,33651,103],{"class":95},[62,33653,106],{"class":99},[62,33655,4088],{"class":95},[62,33657,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,33659,22070],{"class":139},[62,33661,9830],{"class":95},[62,33663,3503],{"class":76},[62,33665,329],{"class":80},[62,33667,3503],{"class":76},[62,33669,103],{"class":95},[62,33671,106],{"class":99},[62,33673,10850],{"class":95},[14,33675,18858],{},[29,33677,33678,33685,33692],{},[32,33679,33680,33684],{},[262,33681,33682],{"href":17229},[18,33683,17232],{}," when you need just the keys",[32,33686,33687,33691],{},[262,33688,33689],{"href":17235},[18,33690,17238],{}," when you need just the values",[32,33693,33694,33698],{},[262,33695,33696],{"href":17241},[18,33697,17244],{}," when you need both",[48,33700,4718],{"id":4717},[14,33702,33703,33704,409],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33705,17238],{},[1256,33707,29811,33709,33711],{"id":33708},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33710,17238],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33713,33714,33716],{},[18,33715,17238],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33718,16810],{},[53,33720,33722],{"className":55,"code":33721,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33723,33724,33744],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33725,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33727,2050],{"class":68},[62,33729,73],{"class":72},[62,33731,96],{"class":95},[62,33733,499],{"class":99},[62,33735,103],{"class":95},[62,33737,284],{"class":99},[62,33739,103],{"class":95},[62,33741,508],{"class":99},[62,33743,114],{"class":95},[62,33745,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33747,128],{"class":127},[62,33749,131],{"class":95},[62,33751,2069],{"class":139},[62,33753,409],{"class":95},[62,33755,386],{"class":139},[62,33757,7385],{"class":95},[14,33759,33760,33761,33763],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33762,17238],{}," method.",[14,33765,33766],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[53,33768,33770],{"className":55,"code":33769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33771,33772],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33773,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33775,128],{"class":127},[62,33777,131],{"class":95},[62,33779,1690],{"class":430},[62,33781,131],{"class":95},[62,33783,2069],{"class":139},[62,33785,1013],{"class":95},[14,33787,33788,33789,33791,33792,409],{},"If you get an ",[18,33790,25832],{},", see ",[262,33793,25840,33794,33796],{"href":25839},[18,33795,25843],{}," errors",[1256,33798,1859,33800,33802],{"id":33799},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33801,17238],{}," returns a list",[14,33804,33805],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[53,33807,33809],{"className":55,"code":33808,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33810,33811,33847,33861,33865],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33812,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33814,1040],{"class":68},[62,33816,73],{"class":72},[62,33818,256],{"class":95},[62,33820,259],{"class":76},[62,33822,329],{"class":80},[62,33824,259],{"class":76},[62,33826,267],{"class":95},[62,33828,77],{"class":76},[62,33830,1896],{"class":80},[62,33832,259],{"class":76},[62,33834,103],{"class":95},[62,33836,77],{"class":76},[62,33838,1073],{"class":80},[62,33840,259],{"class":76},[62,33842,267],{"class":95},[62,33844,106],{"class":99},[62,33846,287],{"class":95},[62,33848,33849,33851,33853,33855,33857,33859],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33850,292],{"class":68},[62,33852,73],{"class":72},[62,33854,13076],{"class":68},[62,33856,409],{"class":95},[62,33858,386],{"class":139},[62,33860,8822],{"class":95},[62,33862,33863],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,33864,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,33866,33867,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,33868,128],{"class":127},[62,33870,131],{"class":95},[62,33872,1690],{"class":430},[62,33874,131],{"class":95},[62,33876,386],{"class":139},[62,33878,1013],{"class":95},[14,33880,2282],{},[53,33882,33884],{"className":55,"code":33883,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,33885,33886],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33887,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33889,3492],{"class":72},[62,33891,3495],{"class":2276},[62,33893,3498],{"class":76},[62,33895,17204],{"class":80},[62,33897,3503],{"class":76},[62,33899,3506],{"class":72},[14,33901,5346,33902,33904],{},[18,33903,17204],{},", not a list.",[14,33906,33907],{},"If you need a list:",[53,33909,33911],{"className":55,"code":33910,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,33912,33913],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33914,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33916,292],{"class":68},[62,33918,73],{"class":72},[62,33920,1733],{"class":430},[62,33922,131],{"class":95},[62,33924,1121],{"class":139},[62,33926,409],{"class":95},[62,33928,386],{"class":139},[62,33930,7385],{"class":95},[1256,33932,33934,33935],{"id":33933},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,33936,17204],{},[14,33938,33939],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[53,33941,33943],{"className":55,"code":33942,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,33944,33945,33981,33995,33999],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,33946,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,33948,1040],{"class":68},[62,33950,73],{"class":72},[62,33952,256],{"class":95},[62,33954,259],{"class":76},[62,33956,329],{"class":80},[62,33958,259],{"class":76},[62,33960,267],{"class":95},[62,33962,77],{"class":76},[62,33964,1896],{"class":80},[62,33966,259],{"class":76},[62,33968,103],{"class":95},[62,33970,77],{"class":76},[62,33972,1073],{"class":80},[62,33974,259],{"class":76},[62,33976,267],{"class":95},[62,33978,106],{"class":99},[62,33980,287],{"class":95},[62,33982,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,33984,292],{"class":68},[62,33986,73],{"class":72},[62,33988,13076],{"class":68},[62,33990,409],{"class":95},[62,33992,386],{"class":139},[62,33994,8822],{"class":95},[62,33996,33997],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,33998,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,34000,34001],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,34002,34003],{"class":146},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,34005,34006],{},"Convert to a list first:",[53,34008,34010],{"className":55,"code":34009,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,34011,34012,34048,34066,34070],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34013,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34015,1040],{"class":68},[62,34017,73],{"class":72},[62,34019,256],{"class":95},[62,34021,259],{"class":76},[62,34023,329],{"class":80},[62,34025,259],{"class":76},[62,34027,267],{"class":95},[62,34029,77],{"class":76},[62,34031,1896],{"class":80},[62,34033,259],{"class":76},[62,34035,103],{"class":95},[62,34037,77],{"class":76},[62,34039,1073],{"class":80},[62,34041,259],{"class":76},[62,34043,267],{"class":95},[62,34045,106],{"class":99},[62,34047,287],{"class":95},[62,34049,34050,34052,34054,34056,34058,34060,34062,34064],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34051,292],{"class":68},[62,34053,73],{"class":72},[62,34055,1733],{"class":430},[62,34057,131],{"class":95},[62,34059,1121],{"class":139},[62,34061,409],{"class":95},[62,34063,386],{"class":139},[62,34065,7385],{"class":95},[62,34067,34068],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,34069,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,34071,34072,34074,34076,34078,34080,34082],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,34073,128],{"class":127},[62,34075,131],{"class":95},[62,34077,386],{"class":139},[62,34079,948],{"class":95},[62,34081,665],{"class":99},[62,34083,4088],{"class":95},[1256,34085,1834,34087,11264,34089],{"id":34086},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,34088,386],{},[18,34090,17238],{},[14,34092,34093],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[53,34095,34097],{"className":55,"code":34096,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,34098,34099,34135,34139],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34100,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131,34133],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34102,1040],{"class":68},[62,34104,73],{"class":72},[62,34106,256],{"class":95},[62,34108,259],{"class":76},[62,34110,329],{"class":80},[62,34112,259],{"class":76},[62,34114,267],{"class":95},[62,34116,77],{"class":76},[62,34118,1896],{"class":80},[62,34120,259],{"class":76},[62,34122,103],{"class":95},[62,34124,77],{"class":76},[62,34126,1073],{"class":80},[62,34128,259],{"class":76},[62,34130,267],{"class":95},[62,34132,106],{"class":99},[62,34134,287],{"class":95},[62,34136,34137],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34138,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,34140,34141,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,34142,128],{"class":127},[62,34144,131],{"class":95},[62,34146,1121],{"class":139},[62,34148,409],{"class":95},[62,34150,386],{"class":24910},[62,34152,434],{"class":95},[14,34154,34155,34158],{},[18,34156,34157],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34160,18858],{},[53,34162,34164],{"className":55,"code":34163,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(student.values())\n",[18,34165,34166],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34167,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34169,128],{"class":127},[62,34171,131],{"class":95},[62,34173,1121],{"class":139},[62,34175,409],{"class":95},[62,34177,386],{"class":139},[62,34179,7385],{"class":95},[1256,34181,34183],{"id":34182},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34185,34186],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[53,34188,34190],{"className":55,"code":34189,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,34191,34192,34224],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34193,34194,34196,34198,34200,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212,34214,34216,34218,34220,34222],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34195,251],{"class":68},[62,34197,73],{"class":72},[62,34199,256],{"class":95},[62,34201,259],{"class":76},[62,34203,262],{"class":80},[62,34205,259],{"class":76},[62,34207,267],{"class":95},[62,34209,270],{"class":99},[62,34211,103],{"class":95},[62,34213,77],{"class":76},[62,34215,277],{"class":80},[62,34217,259],{"class":76},[62,34219,267],{"class":95},[62,34221,284],{"class":99},[62,34223,287],{"class":95},[62,34225,34226,34228,34230,34232,34234,34236],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34227,128],{"class":127},[62,34229,131],{"class":95},[62,34231,367],{"class":139},[62,34233,409],{"class":95},[62,34235,386],{"class":139},[62,34237,7385],{"class":95},[14,34239,34240],{},"Not like this:",[53,34242,34244],{"className":55,"code":34243,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,34245,34246,34251,34256],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34247,34248],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34249,34250],{"class":146},"# Wrong examples:\n",[62,34252,34253],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34254,34255],{"class":146},"# data().values()\n",[62,34257,34258],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,34259,34260],{"class":146},"# values(data)\n",[14,34262,3543],{},[53,34264,34266],{"className":55,"code":34265,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,34267,34268,34282,34292,34306],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34269,34270,34272,34274,34276,34278,34280],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34271,128],{"class":127},[62,34273,131],{"class":95},[62,34275,1690],{"class":430},[62,34277,131],{"class":95},[62,34279,11622],{"class":139},[62,34281,1013],{"class":95},[62,34283,34284,34286,34288,34290],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34285,128],{"class":127},[62,34287,131],{"class":95},[62,34289,11622],{"class":139},[62,34291,434],{"class":95},[62,34293,34294,34296,34298,34300,34302,34304],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,34295,128],{"class":127},[62,34297,131],{"class":95},[62,34299,11622],{"class":139},[62,34301,409],{"class":95},[62,34303,386],{"class":139},[62,34305,7385],{"class":95},[62,34307,34308,34310,34312,34314,34316,34318,34320,34322],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,34309,128],{"class":127},[62,34311,131],{"class":95},[62,34313,8276],{"class":430},[62,34315,131],{"class":95},[62,34317,11622],{"class":139},[62,34319,409],{"class":95},[62,34321,386],{"class":139},[62,34323,6485],{"class":95},[48,34325,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,34327,5340,34329,5343],{"id":34328},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,34330,32482],{},[14,34332,17587,34333,34335],{},[18,34334,17204],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1256,34337,12875,34339,24091],{"id":34338},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,34340,17238],{},[14,34342,24094,34343,24098],{},[18,34344,34345],{},"list(...)",[1256,34347,26217,34349,632],{"id":34348},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,34350,32482],{},[14,34352,34353,34354,26225],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,34355,6154],{},[1256,34357,12875,34359,34361],{"id":34358},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,34360,32482],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34363,34364],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1256,34366,34368,34369,34371,34372,632],{"id":34367},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,34370,17238],{}," different from ",[18,34373,17244],{},[14,34375,34376,34378,34379,34381],{},[18,34377,17238],{}," returns only values. ",[18,34380,17244],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[48,34383,2109],{"id":2108},[29,34385,34386,34392,34398,34402,34408,34412],{},[32,34387,34388],{},[262,34389,10908,34390,10912],{"href":17229},[18,34391,17232],{},[32,34393,34394],{},[262,34395,10908,34396,10912],{"href":17241},[18,34397,17244],{},[32,34399,34400],{},[262,34401,11414],{"href":9563},[32,34403,34404],{},[262,34405,34407],{"href":34406},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[32,34409,34410],{},[262,34411,24176],{"href":33331},[32,34413,34414],{},[262,34415,30509,34416],{"href":25839},[18,34417,34418],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2145,34420,34421],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":34423},[34424,34425,34427,34428,34430,34431,34432,34433,34435,34446,34458],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":32652,"depth":87,"text":34426},"What values() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":32722,"depth":87,"text":34429},"What values() returns",{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":33201,"depth":87,"text":33202},{"id":33334,"depth":87,"text":33335},{"id":33493,"depth":87,"text":34434},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":34436},[34437,34439,34441,34443,34445],{"id":33708,"depth":117,"text":34438},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33799,"depth":117,"text":34440},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33933,"depth":117,"text":34442},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34086,"depth":117,"text":34444},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34182,"depth":117,"text":34183},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":34447},[34448,34450,34452,34454,34456],{"id":34328,"depth":117,"text":34449},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34338,"depth":117,"text":34451},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34348,"depth":117,"text":34453},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34358,"depth":117,"text":34455},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34367,"depth":117,"text":34457},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32469,"description":34459},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34465,"title":34466,"body":34467,"description":35895,"extension":2174,"meta":35896,"navigation":120,"path":35897,"seo":35898,"stem":35899,"__hash__":35900},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34468,"toc":35847},[34469,34475,34480,34483,34499,34508,34510,34542,34548,34551,34646,34649,34654,34659,34662,34673,34675,34689,34695,34697,34702,34708,34711,34750,34758,34763,34766,34811,34814,34826,34832,34838,34842,34873,34876,34894,34897,34901,34940,34942,34962,34965,34977,34982,34988,34991,35046,35049,35060,35063,35074,35077,35081,35087,35089,35119,35122,35137,35140,35143,35162,35165,35181,35190,35192,35223,35229,35234,35237,35244,35275,35278,35300,35303,35306,35320,35324,35355,35370,35377,35384,35388,35396,35400,35408,35411,35460,35471,35473,35476,35482,35487,35497,35501,35504,35507,35511,35514,35516,35537,35541,35547,35558,35564,35566,35571,35595,35598,35661,35664,35692,35695,35757,35759,35764,35767,35774,35782,35789,35792,35800,35806,35808,35835,35844],[10,34470,3779,34472,3783],{"id":34471},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34473,34474],{},"dir()",[14,34476,32479,34477,34479],{},[18,34478,34474],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34481,34482],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[29,34484,34485,34488,34491,34496],{},[32,34486,34487],{},"learning Python",[32,34489,34490],{},"exploring a new object",[32,34492,34493,34494],{},"debugging an ",[18,34495,25832],{},[32,34497,34498],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34500,34501,34502,34504,34505],{},"In short, ",[18,34503,34474],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3946,34506,34507],{},"“What can I use here?”",[48,34509,51],{"id":50},[53,34511,34513],{"className":55,"code":34512,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34514,34515,34527],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34516,34517,34519,34521,34523,34525],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34518,211],{"class":68},[62,34520,73],{"class":72},[62,34522,77],{"class":76},[62,34524,81],{"class":80},[62,34526,84],{"class":76},[62,34528,34529,34531,34533,34536,34538,34540],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34530,128],{"class":127},[62,34532,131],{"class":95},[62,34534,34535],{"class":127},"dir",[62,34537,131],{"class":95},[62,34539,329],{"class":139},[62,34541,1013],{"class":95},[14,34543,169,34544,34547],{},[18,34545,34546],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34549,34550],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[53,34552,34554],{"className":55,"code":34553,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,34555,34556],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34557,34558,34560,34562,34565,34567,34569,34571,34574,34576,34578,34580,34583,34585,34587,34589,34592,34594,34596,34598,34601,34603,34605,34607,34610,34612,34614,34618,34620,34622,34624,34626,34628,34630,34633,34635,34637,34639,34642,34644],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34559,948],{"class":95},[62,34561,3503],{"class":76},[62,34563,34564],{"class":80},"__add__",[62,34566,3503],{"class":76},[62,34568,103],{"class":95},[62,34570,3498],{"class":76},[62,34572,34573],{"class":80},"__class__",[62,34575,3503],{"class":76},[62,34577,103],{"class":95},[62,34579,3498],{"class":76},[62,34581,34582],{"class":80},"__contains__",[62,34584,3503],{"class":76},[62,34586,103],{"class":95},[62,34588,3498],{"class":76},[62,34590,34591],{"class":80},"__delattr__",[62,34593,3503],{"class":76},[62,34595,103],{"class":95},[62,34597,3498],{"class":76},[62,34599,34600],{"class":80},"__dir__",[62,34602,3503],{"class":76},[62,34604,103],{"class":95},[62,34606,3498],{"class":76},[62,34608,34609],{"class":80},"__doc__",[62,34611,3503],{"class":76},[62,34613,103],{"class":95},[62,34615,34617],{"class":34616},"s_hVV"," ...",[62,34619,103],{"class":95},[62,34621,3498],{"class":76},[62,34623,8819],{"class":80},[62,34625,3503],{"class":76},[62,34627,103],{"class":95},[62,34629,3498],{"class":76},[62,34631,34632],{"class":80},"split",[62,34634,3503],{"class":76},[62,34636,103],{"class":95},[62,34638,3498],{"class":76},[62,34640,34641],{"class":80},"upper",[62,34643,3503],{"class":76},[62,34645,114],{"class":95},[14,34647,34648],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[48,34650,3879,34652,3882],{"id":34651},"what-dir-does",[18,34653,34474],{},[14,34655,34656,34658],{},[18,34657,34474],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34660,34661],{},"It usually includes:",[29,34663,34664,34667,34670],{},[32,34665,34666],{},"attributes",[32,34668,34669],{},"methods",[32,34671,34672],{},"special Python names",[14,34674,11631],{},[29,34676,34677,34683,34686],{},[32,34678,34679,34680],{},"The result is a ",[3946,34681,34682],{},"list of strings",[32,34684,34685],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[32,34687,34688],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34690,34691,34692,34694],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34693,34474],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[48,34696,413],{"id":412},[14,34698,34699,34701],{},[18,34700,34474],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1256,34703,34705,34707],{"id":34704},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34706,34474],{}," with no argument",[14,34709,34710],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[53,34712,34714],{"className":55,"code":34713,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34715,34716,34724,34736,34740],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34717,34718,34720,34722],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34719,3226],{"class":68},[62,34721,73],{"class":72},[62,34723,2791],{"class":99},[62,34725,34726,34728,34730,34732,34734],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34727,211],{"class":68},[62,34729,73],{"class":72},[62,34731,77],{"class":76},[62,34733,218],{"class":80},[62,34735,84],{"class":76},[62,34737,34738],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,34739,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,34741,34742,34744,34746,34748],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,34743,128],{"class":127},[62,34745,131],{"class":95},[62,34747,34535],{"class":127},[62,34749,7385],{"class":95},[14,34751,34752,34753,1940,34755,34757],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34754,552],{},[18,34756,329],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1256,34759,34761],{"id":34760},"dirobject",[18,34762,34546],{},[14,34764,34765],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[53,34767,34769],{"className":55,"code":34768,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34770,34771,34789],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34772,34773,34775,34777,34779,34781,34783,34785,34787],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34774,128],{"class":127},[62,34776,131],{"class":95},[62,34778,34535],{"class":127},[62,34780,131],{"class":95},[62,34782,259],{"class":76},[62,34784,81],{"class":80},[62,34786,259],{"class":76},[62,34788,1013],{"class":95},[62,34790,34791,34793,34795,34797,34799,34801,34803,34805,34807,34809],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34792,128],{"class":127},[62,34794,131],{"class":95},[62,34796,34535],{"class":127},[62,34798,496],{"class":95},[62,34800,499],{"class":99},[62,34802,103],{"class":95},[62,34804,284],{"class":99},[62,34806,103],{"class":95},[62,34808,508],{"class":99},[62,34810,3201],{"class":95},[14,34812,34813],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[29,34815,34816,34818,34820,34823],{},[32,34817,5508],{},[32,34819,5499],{},[32,34821,34822],{},"modules",[32,34824,34825],{},"custom objects",[48,34827,1834,34829,34831],{"id":34828},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34830,34474],{}," with a value",[14,34833,34834,34835,34837],{},"A common use of ",[18,34836,34474],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1256,34839,34841],{"id":34840},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[53,34843,34845],{"className":55,"code":34844,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34846,34847,34859],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34848,34849,34851,34853,34855,34857],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34850,69],{"class":68},[62,34852,73],{"class":72},[62,34854,77],{"class":76},[62,34856,81],{"class":80},[62,34858,84],{"class":76},[62,34860,34861,34863,34865,34867,34869,34871],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34862,128],{"class":127},[62,34864,131],{"class":95},[62,34866,34535],{"class":127},[62,34868,131],{"class":95},[62,34870,140],{"class":139},[62,34872,1013],{"class":95},[14,34874,34875],{},"You will see method names like:",[29,34877,34878,34882,34886,34890],{},[32,34879,34880],{},[18,34881,8819],{},[32,34883,34884],{},[18,34885,34641],{},[32,34887,34888],{},[18,34889,34632],{},[32,34891,34892],{},[18,34893,8813],{},[14,34895,34896],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1256,34898,34900],{"id":34899},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[53,34902,34904],{"className":55,"code":34903,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,34905,34906,34926],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34907,34908,34910,34912,34914,34916,34918,34920,34922,34924],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34909,225],{"class":68},[62,34911,73],{"class":72},[62,34913,96],{"class":95},[62,34915,499],{"class":99},[62,34917,103],{"class":95},[62,34919,284],{"class":99},[62,34921,103],{"class":95},[62,34923,508],{"class":99},[62,34925,114],{"class":95},[62,34927,34928,34930,34932,34934,34936,34938],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,34929,128],{"class":127},[62,34931,131],{"class":95},[62,34933,34535],{"class":127},[62,34935,131],{"class":95},[62,34937,348],{"class":139},[62,34939,1013],{"class":95},[14,34941,34875],{},[29,34943,34944,34948,34952,34957],{},[32,34945,34946],{},[18,34947,13720],{},[32,34949,34950],{},[18,34951,26402],{},[32,34953,34954],{},[18,34955,34956],{},"remove",[32,34958,34959],{},[18,34960,34961],{},"sort",[14,34963,34964],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34966,34967,34968,34973,34974,34976],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[262,34969,34971],{"href":34970},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,34972,2507],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,34975,34474],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[48,34978,1834,34980,34707],{"id":34979},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,34981,34474],{},[14,34983,34984,34985,34987],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,34986,34474],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34989,34990],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[53,34992,34994],{"className":55,"code":34993,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34995,34996,35005,35009,35020,35032,35036],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,34997,34998,35000,35002],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,34999,3226],{"class":68},[62,35001,73],{"class":72},[62,35003,35004],{"class":99}," 5\n",[62,35006,35007],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35008,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,35010,35011,35014,35018],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,35012,35013],{"class":2276},"def",[62,35015,35017],{"class":35016},"sGLFI"," greet",[62,35019,21757],{"class":95},[62,35021,35022,35025,35027,35030],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,35023,35024],{"class":729},"    return",[62,35026,77],{"class":76},[62,35028,35029],{"class":80},"Hello",[62,35031,84],{"class":76},[62,35033,35034],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,35035,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,35037,35038,35040,35042,35044],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,35039,128],{"class":127},[62,35041,131],{"class":95},[62,35043,34535],{"class":127},[62,35045,7385],{"class":95},[14,35047,35048],{},"The output will include names like:",[29,35050,35051,35055],{},[32,35052,35053],{},[18,35054,552],{},[32,35056,35057],{},[18,35058,35059],{},"greet",[14,35061,35062],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[29,35064,35065,35068,35071],{},[32,35066,35067],{},"what variables exist",[32,35069,35070],{},"what functions you have defined",[32,35072,35073],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35075,35076],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[48,35078,35080],{"id":35079},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35082,35083,35084,35086],{},"When you first use ",[18,35085,34474],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35088,201],{},[53,35090,35091],{"className":55,"code":34844,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,35092,35093,35105],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35094,35095,35097,35099,35101,35103],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35096,69],{"class":68},[62,35098,73],{"class":72},[62,35100,77],{"class":76},[62,35102,81],{"class":80},[62,35104,84],{"class":76},[62,35106,35107,35109,35111,35113,35115,35117],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35108,128],{"class":127},[62,35110,131],{"class":95},[62,35112,34535],{"class":127},[62,35114,131],{"class":95},[62,35116,140],{"class":139},[62,35118,1013],{"class":95},[14,35120,35121],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[29,35123,35124,35128,35132],{},[32,35125,35126],{},[18,35127,34573],{},[32,35129,35130],{},[18,35131,34609],{},[32,35133,35134],{},[18,35135,35136],{},"__len__",[14,35138,35139],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35141,35142],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[29,35144,35145,35149,35153,35157],{},[32,35146,35147],{},[18,35148,34641],{},[32,35150,35151],{},[18,35152,8819],{},[32,35154,35155],{},[18,35156,34632],{},[32,35158,35159],{},[18,35160,35161],{},"replace",[14,35163,35164],{},"A key point to remember:",[29,35166,35167,35175],{},[32,35168,35169,35171,35172],{},[18,35170,34474],{}," lists ",[3946,35173,35174],{},"names only",[32,35176,35177,35178,35180],{},"it does ",[3946,35179,4830],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35182,35183,35184,409],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[262,35185,35187],{"href":35186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,35188,35189],{},"help()",[14,35191,5670],{},[53,35193,35195],{"className":55,"code":35194,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35196,35197,35209],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35198,35199,35201,35203,35205,35207],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35200,211],{"class":68},[62,35202,73],{"class":72},[62,35204,77],{"class":76},[62,35206,81],{"class":80},[62,35208,84],{"class":76},[62,35210,35211,35213,35215,35217,35219,35221],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35212,32314],{"class":127},[62,35214,131],{"class":95},[62,35216,329],{"class":139},[62,35218,409],{"class":95},[62,35220,34641],{"class":24910},[62,35222,434],{"class":95},[48,35224,35226,35228],{"id":35225},"dir-on-modules",[18,35227,34474],{}," on modules",[14,35230,15881,35231,35233],{},[18,35232,34474],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35235,35236],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1256,35238,35240,35241,35243],{"id":35239},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,35242,18580],{}," module",[53,35245,35247],{"className":55,"code":35246,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,35248,35249,35257,35261],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35250,35251,35254],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35252,35253],{"class":729},"import",[62,35255,35256],{"class":68}," math\n",[62,35258,35259],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35260,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,35262,35263,35265,35267,35269,35271,35273],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,35264,128],{"class":127},[62,35266,131],{"class":95},[62,35268,34535],{"class":127},[62,35270,131],{"class":95},[62,35272,18580],{"class":139},[62,35274,1013],{"class":95},[14,35276,35277],{},"You may see names like:",[29,35279,35280,35285,35290,35295],{},[32,35281,35282],{},[18,35283,35284],{},"sqrt",[32,35286,35287],{},[18,35288,35289],{},"ceil",[32,35291,35292],{},[18,35293,35294],{},"floor",[32,35296,35297],{},[18,35298,35299],{},"pi",[14,35301,35302],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35304,35305],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[29,35307,35308,35314],{},[32,35309,35310],{},[262,35311,35313],{"href":35312},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[32,35315,35316],{},[262,35317,35319],{"href":35318},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1256,35321,35323],{"id":35322},"another-example","Another example",[53,35325,35327],{"className":55,"code":35326,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,35328,35329,35336,35340],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35330,35331,35333],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35332,35253],{"class":729},[62,35334,35335],{"class":68}," json\n",[62,35337,35338],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35339,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,35341,35342,35344,35346,35348,35350,35353],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,35343,128],{"class":127},[62,35345,131],{"class":95},[62,35347,34535],{"class":127},[62,35349,131],{"class":95},[62,35351,35352],{"class":139},"json",[62,35354,1013],{"class":95},[14,35356,35357,35358,399,35361,399,35364,404,35367,409],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,35359,35360],{},"dump",[18,35362,35363],{},"dumps",[18,35365,35366],{},"load",[18,35368,35369],{},"loads",[48,35371,35373,10756,35375],{"id":35372},"dir-vs-help",[18,35374,34474],{},[18,35376,35189],{},[14,35378,35379,1940,35381,35383],{},[18,35380,34474],{},[18,35382,35189],{}," are often used together.",[1256,35385,35386],{"id":34535},[18,35387,34474],{},[29,35389,35390,35393],{},[32,35391,35392],{},"shows available names",[32,35394,35395],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1256,35397,35398],{"id":32314},[18,35399,35189],{},[29,35401,35402,35405],{},[32,35403,35404],{},"explains what an object or function does",[32,35406,35407],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35409,35410],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[53,35412,35414],{"className":55,"code":35413,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35415,35416,35428,35432,35446],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35417,35418,35420,35422,35424,35426],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35419,211],{"class":68},[62,35421,73],{"class":72},[62,35423,77],{"class":76},[62,35425,81],{"class":80},[62,35427,84],{"class":76},[62,35429,35430],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35431,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,35433,35434,35436,35438,35440,35442,35444],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,35435,128],{"class":127},[62,35437,131],{"class":95},[62,35439,34535],{"class":127},[62,35441,131],{"class":95},[62,35443,329],{"class":139},[62,35445,1013],{"class":95},[62,35447,35448,35450,35452,35454,35456,35458],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,35449,32314],{"class":127},[62,35451,131],{"class":95},[62,35453,329],{"class":139},[62,35455,409],{"class":95},[62,35457,34641],{"class":24910},[62,35459,434],{"class":95},[14,35461,169,35462,35464,35465,35467,35468,35470],{},[18,35463,34474],{}," first to find a method name.",[10018,35466],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35469,35189],{}," to understand how to use it.",[48,35472,25518],{"id":25517},[14,35474,35475],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1256,35477,35479,35481],{"id":35478},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35480,34474],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35483,35484,35486],{},[18,35485,34474],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35488,35489,35490,35492,35493,35496],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35491,34641],{}," in ",[18,35494,35495],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1256,35498,35500],{"id":35499},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35502,35503],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35505,35506],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1256,35508,35510],{"id":35509},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35512,35513],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35515,5670],{},[29,35517,35518,35523,35529],{},[32,35519,35520,35522],{},[18,35521,35495],{}," shows string-related names",[32,35524,35525,35528],{},[18,35526,35527],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[32,35530,35531,35534,35535,35243],{},[18,35532,35533],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,35536,18580],{},[1256,35538,35540],{"id":35539},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35542,35543,35544,35546],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,35545,34474],{}," does not mean you already know:",[29,35548,35549,35552,35555],{},[32,35550,35551],{},"what it does",[32,35553,35554],{},"what arguments it needs",[32,35556,35557],{},"what it returns",[14,35559,35560,35561,35563],{},"That is why ",[18,35562,35189],{}," is the natural next step.",[48,35565,1824],{"id":1823},[14,35567,24,35568,35570],{},[18,35569,34474],{}," in these situations:",[29,35572,35573,35576,35585,35588],{},[32,35574,35575],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[32,35577,35578,35579,35584],{},"Seeing an ",[262,35580,35582],{"href":35581},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,35583,25832],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[32,35586,35587],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[32,35589,1834,35590,35592,35593],{},[18,35591,34474],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,35594,35189],{},[14,35596,35597],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[53,35599,35601],{"className":55,"code":35600,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35602,35603,35615,35619,35633,35647],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35604,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35606,211],{"class":68},[62,35608,73],{"class":72},[62,35610,77],{"class":76},[62,35612,81],{"class":80},[62,35614,84],{"class":76},[62,35616,35617],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35618,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,35620,35621,35623,35625,35627,35629,35631],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,35622,128],{"class":127},[62,35624,131],{"class":95},[62,35626,1690],{"class":430},[62,35628,131],{"class":95},[62,35630,329],{"class":139},[62,35632,1013],{"class":95},[62,35634,35635,35637,35639,35641,35643,35645],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,35636,128],{"class":127},[62,35638,131],{"class":95},[62,35640,34535],{"class":127},[62,35642,131],{"class":95},[62,35644,329],{"class":139},[62,35646,1013],{"class":95},[62,35648,35649,35651,35653,35655,35657,35659],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,35650,32314],{"class":127},[62,35652,131],{"class":95},[62,35654,329],{"class":139},[62,35656,409],{"class":95},[62,35658,34641],{"class":24910},[62,35660,434],{"class":95},[14,35662,35663],{},"And for modules:",[53,35665,35666],{"className":55,"code":35246,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,35667,35668,35674,35678],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35669,35670,35672],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35671,35253],{"class":729},[62,35673,35256],{"class":68},[62,35675,35676],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35677,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,35679,35680,35682,35684,35686,35688,35690],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,35681,128],{"class":127},[62,35683,131],{"class":95},[62,35685,34535],{"class":127},[62,35687,131],{"class":95},[62,35689,18580],{"class":139},[62,35691,1013],{"class":95},[14,35693,35694],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[53,35696,35698],{"className":55,"code":35697,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35699,35700,35705,35717,35727,35741,35747],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35701,35702],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35703,35704],{"class":68},"python\n",[62,35706,35707,35709,35711,35713,35715],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35708,211],{"class":68},[62,35710,73],{"class":72},[62,35712,77],{"class":76},[62,35714,81],{"class":80},[62,35716,84],{"class":76},[62,35718,35719,35721,35723,35725],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,35720,34535],{"class":127},[62,35722,131],{"class":95},[62,35724,329],{"class":139},[62,35726,434],{"class":95},[62,35728,35729,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,35730,32314],{"class":127},[62,35732,131],{"class":95},[62,35734,329],{"class":139},[62,35736,409],{"class":95},[62,35738,34641],{"class":24910},[62,35740,434],{"class":95},[62,35742,35743,35745],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,35744,35253],{"class":729},[62,35746,35256],{"class":68},[62,35748,35749,35751,35753,35755],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,35750,34535],{"class":127},[62,35752,131],{"class":95},[62,35754,18580],{"class":139},[62,35756,434],{"class":95},[48,35758,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,35760,5340,35762,5343],{"id":35761},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35763,34474],{},[14,35765,35766],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1256,35768,5378,35770,1940,35772,632],{"id":35769},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35771,34474],{},[18,35773,35189],{},[14,35775,35776,35778,35779,35781],{},[18,35777,34474],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35780,35189],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1256,35783,35785,35786,35788],{"id":35784},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35787,34474],{}," output?",[14,35790,35791],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1256,35793,5368,35795,35797,35798,632],{"id":35794},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35796,34474],{}," help fix ",[18,35799,25832],{},[14,35801,35802,35803,409],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[262,35804,35805],{"href":35581},"object has no attribute",[48,35807,2109],{"id":2108},[29,35809,35810,35816,35821,35825,35829],{},[32,35811,35812],{},[262,35813,3779,35814,3712],{"href":35186},[18,35815,35189],{},[32,35817,35818],{},[262,35819,35820],{"href":35581},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[32,35822,35823],{},[262,35824,35313],{"href":35312},[32,35826,35827],{},[262,35828,35319],{"href":35318},[32,35830,35831],{},[262,35832,3779,35833,3712],{"href":34970},[18,35834,2507],{},[14,35836,35837,35838,35840,35841,35843],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35839,34474],{}," together with ",[18,35842,35189],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2145,35845,35846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":35848},[35849,35850,35852,35857,35862,35864,35865,35871,35876,35883,35884,35894],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":34651,"depth":87,"text":35851},"What dir() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":35853},[35854,35856],{"id":34704,"depth":117,"text":35855},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34760,"depth":117,"text":34546},{"id":34828,"depth":87,"text":35858,"children":35859},"Using dir() with a value",[35860,35861],{"id":34840,"depth":117,"text":34841},{"id":34899,"depth":117,"text":34900},{"id":34979,"depth":87,"text":35863},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35079,"depth":87,"text":35080},{"id":35225,"depth":87,"text":35866,"children":35867},"dir() on modules",[35868,35870],{"id":35239,"depth":117,"text":35869},"Example: math module",{"id":35322,"depth":117,"text":35323},{"id":35372,"depth":87,"text":35872,"children":35873},"dir() vs help()",[35874,35875],{"id":34535,"depth":117,"text":34474},{"id":32314,"depth":117,"text":35189},{"id":25517,"depth":87,"text":25518,"children":35877},[35878,35880,35881,35882],{"id":35478,"depth":117,"text":35879},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35499,"depth":117,"text":35500},{"id":35509,"depth":117,"text":35510},{"id":35539,"depth":117,"text":35540},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":35885},[35886,35888,35890,35892],{"id":35761,"depth":117,"text":35887},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35769,"depth":117,"text":35889},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35784,"depth":117,"text":35891},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35794,"depth":117,"text":35893},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34466,"description":35895},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35902,"title":35903,"body":35904,"description":37722,"extension":2174,"meta":37723,"navigation":120,"path":37724,"seo":37725,"stem":37726,"__hash__":37727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35905,"toc":37691},[35906,35912,35917,35920,35928,35934,35936,36016,36018,36044,36049,36054,36059,36062,36073,36076,36078,36157,36159,36185,36192,36194,36196,36221,36224,36237,36242,36244,36323,36325,36351,36360,36365,36373,36379,36386,36389,36391,36470,36473,36530,36532,36569,36575,36580,36585,36588,36602,36604,36707,36709,36752,36761,36771,36778,36784,36791,36874,36876,36899,36902,36905,36907,36911,36915,36918,36981,37004,37007,37011,37017,37019,37086,37089,37166,37171,37177,37180,37183,37229,37231,37255,37260,37264,37269,37275,37338,37341,37343,37346,37371,37374,37509,37511,37612,37614,37619,37622,37628,37638,37646,37651,37657,37663,37665,37688],[10,35907,3779,35909,3783],{"id":35908},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,35910,35911],{},"enumerate()",[14,35913,35914,35916],{},[18,35915,35911],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35918,35919],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[29,35921,35922,35925],{},[32,35923,35924],{},"the item itself",[32,35926,35927],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35929,35930,35931,35933],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,35932,35911],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[48,35935,51],{"id":50},[53,35937,35939],{"className":55,"code":35938,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,35940,35941,35973,35977,36000],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,35942,35943,35945,35947,35949,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959,35961,35963,35965,35967,35969,35971],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,35944,788],{"class":68},[62,35946,73],{"class":72},[62,35948,96],{"class":95},[62,35950,259],{"class":76},[62,35952,797],{"class":80},[62,35954,259],{"class":76},[62,35956,103],{"class":95},[62,35958,77],{"class":76},[62,35960,806],{"class":80},[62,35962,259],{"class":76},[62,35964,103],{"class":95},[62,35966,77],{"class":76},[62,35968,815],{"class":80},[62,35970,259],{"class":76},[62,35972,114],{"class":95},[62,35974,35975],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,35976,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,35978,35979,35981,35984,35986,35989,35991,35994,35996,35998],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,35980,6154],{"class":729},[62,35982,35983],{"class":68}," index",[62,35985,103],{"class":95},[62,35987,35988],{"class":68}," color ",[62,35990,4082],{"class":729},[62,35992,35993],{"class":127}," enumerate",[62,35995,131],{"class":95},[62,35997,832],{"class":139},[62,35999,8521],{"class":95},[62,36001,36002,36004,36006,36009,36011,36014],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,36003,754],{"class":127},[62,36005,131],{"class":95},[62,36007,36008],{"class":139},"index",[62,36010,103],{"class":95},[62,36012,36013],{"class":139}," color",[62,36015,434],{"class":95},[14,36017,2282],{},[53,36019,36021],{"className":55,"code":36020,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,36022,36023,36030,36037],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36024,36025,36027],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36026,665],{"class":99},[62,36028,36029],{"class":68}," red\n",[62,36031,36032,36034],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36033,499],{"class":99},[62,36035,36036],{"class":68}," green\n",[62,36038,36039,36041],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36040,1935],{"class":99},[62,36042,36043],{"class":68}," blue\n",[14,36045,169,36046,36048],{},[18,36047,35911],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[48,36050,3879,36052,3882],{"id":36051},"what-enumerate-does",[18,36053,35911],{},[14,36055,36056,36058],{},[18,36057,35911],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36060,36061],{},"It is commonly used with:",[29,36063,36064,36066,36068,36070],{},[32,36065,5499],{},[32,36067,5502],{},[32,36069,5508],{},[32,36071,36072],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36074,36075],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36077,201],{},[53,36079,36081],{"className":55,"code":36080,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,36082,36083,36117,36121,36142],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36084,36085,36087,36089,36091,36093,36095,36097,36099,36101,36104,36106,36108,36110,36113,36115],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36086,5194],{"class":68},[62,36088,73],{"class":72},[62,36090,96],{"class":95},[62,36092,259],{"class":76},[62,36094,1896],{"class":80},[62,36096,259],{"class":76},[62,36098,103],{"class":95},[62,36100,77],{"class":76},[62,36102,36103],{"class":80},"Ben",[62,36105,259],{"class":76},[62,36107,103],{"class":95},[62,36109,77],{"class":76},[62,36111,36112],{"class":80},"Cara",[62,36114,259],{"class":76},[62,36116,114],{"class":95},[62,36118,36119],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36120,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,36122,36123,36125,36127,36129,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36124,6154],{"class":729},[62,36126,35983],{"class":68},[62,36128,103],{"class":95},[62,36130,36131],{"class":68}," name ",[62,36133,4082],{"class":729},[62,36135,35993],{"class":127},[62,36137,131],{"class":95},[62,36139,5237],{"class":139},[62,36141,8521],{"class":95},[62,36143,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36155],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,36145,754],{"class":127},[62,36147,131],{"class":95},[62,36149,36008],{"class":139},[62,36151,103],{"class":95},[62,36153,36154],{"class":139}," name",[62,36156,434],{"class":95},[14,36158,2282],{},[53,36160,36162],{"className":55,"code":36161,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,36163,36164,36171,36178],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36165,36166,36168],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36167,665],{"class":99},[62,36169,36170],{"class":68}," Ana\n",[62,36172,36173,36175],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36174,499],{"class":99},[62,36176,36177],{"class":68}," Ben\n",[62,36179,36180,36182],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36181,1935],{"class":99},[62,36183,36184],{"class":68}," Cara\n",[14,36186,36187,36188,409],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[262,36189,36191],{"href":36190},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[48,36193,413],{"id":412},[14,36195,416],{},[53,36197,36199],{"className":55,"code":36198,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,36200,36201],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36202,36203,36206,36208,36210,36212,36215,36217,36219],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36204,36205],{"class":127},"enumerate",[62,36207,131],{"class":95},[62,36209,3923],{"class":139},[62,36211,103],{"class":95},[62,36213,36214],{"class":9351}," start",[62,36216,73],{"class":72},[62,36218,665],{"class":99},[62,36220,434],{"class":95},[14,36222,36223],{},"It has two parts:",[29,36225,36226,36231],{},[32,36227,36228,36230],{},[18,36229,3923],{},": the object you want to loop through",[32,36232,36233,36236],{},[18,36234,36235],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36238,36239,36240,409],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,36241,665],{},[14,36243,201],{},[53,36245,36247],{"className":55,"code":36246,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,36248,36249,36282,36286,36308],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36250,36251,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36252,36253],{"class":68},"letters ",[62,36255,73],{"class":72},[62,36257,96],{"class":95},[62,36259,259],{"class":76},[62,36261,262],{"class":80},[62,36263,259],{"class":76},[62,36265,103],{"class":95},[62,36267,77],{"class":76},[62,36269,277],{"class":80},[62,36271,259],{"class":76},[62,36273,103],{"class":95},[62,36275,77],{"class":76},[62,36277,9912],{"class":80},[62,36279,259],{"class":76},[62,36281,114],{"class":95},[62,36283,36284],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36285,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,36287,36288,36290,36293,36295,36298,36300,36302,36304,36306],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36289,6154],{"class":729},[62,36291,36292],{"class":68}," i",[62,36294,103],{"class":95},[62,36296,36297],{"class":68}," letter ",[62,36299,4082],{"class":729},[62,36301,35993],{"class":127},[62,36303,131],{"class":95},[62,36305,582],{"class":139},[62,36307,8521],{"class":95},[62,36309,36310,36312,36314,36316,36318,36321],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,36311,754],{"class":127},[62,36313,131],{"class":95},[62,36315,645],{"class":139},[62,36317,103],{"class":95},[62,36319,36320],{"class":139}," letter",[62,36322,434],{"class":95},[14,36324,2282],{},[53,36326,36328],{"className":55,"code":36327,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,36329,36330,36337,36344],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36331,36332,36334],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36333,665],{"class":99},[62,36335,36336],{"class":68}," a\n",[62,36338,36339,36341],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36340,499],{"class":99},[62,36342,36343],{"class":68}," b\n",[62,36345,36346,36348],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36347,1935],{"class":99},[62,36349,36350],{"class":68}," c\n",[14,36352,36353,36354,409],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[262,36355,3779,36357,3712],{"href":36356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,36358,36359],{},"range()",[48,36361,3879,36363,11876],{"id":36362},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,36364,35911],{},[14,36366,36367,36369,36370,409],{},[18,36368,35911],{}," returns an ",[3946,36371,36372],{},"enumerate object",[14,36374,36375,36376,36378],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,36377,6154],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[29,36380,36381],{},[32,36382,36383],{},[18,36384,36385],{},"(index, item)",[14,36387,36388],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36390,201],{},[53,36392,36394],{"className":55,"code":36393,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,36395,36396,36429,36433,36455],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36397,36398,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36399,36400],{"class":68},"fruits ",[62,36402,73],{"class":72},[62,36404,96],{"class":95},[62,36406,259],{"class":76},[62,36408,901],{"class":80},[62,36410,259],{"class":76},[62,36412,103],{"class":95},[62,36414,77],{"class":76},[62,36416,910],{"class":80},[62,36418,259],{"class":76},[62,36420,103],{"class":95},[62,36422,77],{"class":76},[62,36424,33383],{"class":80},[62,36426,259],{"class":76},[62,36428,114],{"class":95},[62,36430,36431],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36432,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,36434,36435,36437,36439,36441,36444,36446,36448,36450,36453],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36436,6154],{"class":729},[62,36438,35983],{"class":68},[62,36440,103],{"class":95},[62,36442,36443],{"class":68}," fruit ",[62,36445,4082],{"class":729},[62,36447,35993],{"class":127},[62,36449,131],{"class":95},[62,36451,36452],{"class":139},"fruits",[62,36454,8521],{"class":95},[62,36456,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36468],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,36458,754],{"class":127},[62,36460,131],{"class":95},[62,36462,36008],{"class":139},[62,36464,103],{"class":95},[62,36466,36467],{"class":139}," fruit",[62,36469,434],{"class":95},[14,36471,36472],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[53,36474,36476],{"className":55,"code":36475,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36477,36478,36498,36502,36520],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36479,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36481,225],{"class":68},[62,36483,73],{"class":72},[62,36485,96],{"class":95},[62,36487,100],{"class":99},[62,36489,103],{"class":95},[62,36491,106],{"class":99},[62,36493,103],{"class":95},[62,36495,111],{"class":99},[62,36497,114],{"class":95},[62,36499,36500],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36501,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,36503,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36505,2435],{"class":68},[62,36507,73],{"class":72},[62,36509,1733],{"class":430},[62,36511,131],{"class":95},[62,36513,36205],{"class":127},[62,36515,131],{"class":95},[62,36517,348],{"class":139},[62,36519,1013],{"class":95},[62,36521,36522,36524,36526,36528],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,36523,128],{"class":127},[62,36525,131],{"class":95},[62,36527,2470],{"class":139},[62,36529,434],{"class":95},[14,36531,2282],{},[53,36533,36535],{"className":55,"code":36534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,36536,36537],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36538,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547,36549,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36540,21902],{"class":95},[62,36542,665],{"class":99},[62,36544,103],{"class":95},[62,36546,6200],{"class":99},[62,36548,9408],{"class":95},[62,36550,854],{"class":95},[62,36552,499],{"class":99},[62,36554,103],{"class":95},[62,36556,106],{"class":99},[62,36558,9408],{"class":95},[62,36560,854],{"class":95},[62,36562,1935],{"class":99},[62,36564,103],{"class":95},[62,36566,111],{"class":99},[62,36568,9423],{"class":95},[14,36570,36571,36572,36574],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,36573,35911],{}," produces.",[48,36576,5160,36578],{"id":36577},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,36579,35911],{},[14,36581,169,36582,36584],{},[18,36583,35911],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36586,36587],{},"Common cases:",[29,36589,36590,36593,36596,36599],{},[32,36591,36592],{},"printing numbered output",[32,36594,36595],{},"building menus",[32,36597,36598],{},"showing positions in a list",[32,36600,36601],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36603,201],{},[53,36605,36607],{"className":55,"code":36606,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,36608,36609,36644,36648,36678],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36610,36611,36613,36615,36617,36619,36622,36624,36626,36628,36631,36633,36635,36637,36640,36642],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36612,30059],{"class":68},[62,36614,73],{"class":72},[62,36616,96],{"class":95},[62,36618,259],{"class":76},[62,36620,36621],{"class":80},"Wash dishes",[62,36623,259],{"class":76},[62,36625,103],{"class":95},[62,36627,77],{"class":76},[62,36629,36630],{"class":80},"Study Python",[62,36632,259],{"class":76},[62,36634,103],{"class":95},[62,36636,77],{"class":76},[62,36638,36639],{"class":80},"Go for a walk",[62,36641,259],{"class":76},[62,36643,114],{"class":95},[62,36645,36646],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36647,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,36649,36650,36652,36654,36656,36659,36661,36663,36665,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36651,6154],{"class":729},[62,36653,2402],{"class":68},[62,36655,103],{"class":95},[62,36657,36658],{"class":68}," task ",[62,36660,4082],{"class":729},[62,36662,35993],{"class":127},[62,36664,131],{"class":95},[62,36666,36667],{"class":139},"tasks",[62,36669,103],{"class":95},[62,36671,36214],{"class":9351},[62,36673,73],{"class":72},[62,36675,499],{"class":99},[62,36677,8521],{"class":95},[62,36679,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36692,36694,36696,36698,36701,36703,36705],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,36681,754],{"class":127},[62,36683,131],{"class":95},[62,36685,22455],{"class":2276},[62,36687,259],{"class":80},[62,36689,9452],{"class":99},[62,36691,2445],{"class":139},[62,36693,22464],{"class":99},[62,36695,28474],{"class":80},[62,36697,9452],{"class":99},[62,36699,36700],{"class":139},"task",[62,36702,22464],{"class":99},[62,36704,259],{"class":80},[62,36706,434],{"class":95},[14,36708,2282],{},[53,36710,36712],{"className":55,"code":36711,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36713,36714,36726,36738],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36715,36716,36718,36720,36723],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36717,499],{"class":99},[62,36719,409],{"class":95},[62,36721,36722],{"class":24910}," Wash",[62,36724,36725],{"class":68}," dishes\n",[62,36727,36728,36730,36732,36735],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36729,1935],{"class":99},[62,36731,409],{"class":95},[62,36733,36734],{"class":24910}," Study",[62,36736,36737],{"class":68}," Python\n",[62,36739,36740,36742,36744,36747,36749],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36741,2273],{"class":99},[62,36743,409],{"class":95},[62,36745,36746],{"class":24910}," Go",[62,36748,4076],{"class":729},[62,36750,36751],{"class":68}," a walk\n",[14,36753,36754,36755,36757,36758,409],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36756,35911],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36759,36760],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36762,36763,36764,409],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[262,36765,36767,36768,36770],{"href":36766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36769,35911],{}," in Python",[48,36772,36774,36775,36777],{"id":36773},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36776,36235],{}," argument",[14,36779,36780,36781,36783],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36782,36235],{}," argument.",[14,36785,36786,36787,11264,36789,267],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36788,499],{},[18,36790,665],{},[53,36792,36794],{"className":55,"code":36793,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36795,36796,36828,36832,36860],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36797,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36799,788],{"class":68},[62,36801,73],{"class":72},[62,36803,96],{"class":95},[62,36805,259],{"class":76},[62,36807,797],{"class":80},[62,36809,259],{"class":76},[62,36811,103],{"class":95},[62,36813,77],{"class":76},[62,36815,806],{"class":80},[62,36817,259],{"class":76},[62,36819,103],{"class":95},[62,36821,77],{"class":76},[62,36823,815],{"class":80},[62,36825,259],{"class":76},[62,36827,114],{"class":95},[62,36829,36830],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36831,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,36833,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36835,6154],{"class":729},[62,36837,35983],{"class":68},[62,36839,103],{"class":95},[62,36841,35988],{"class":68},[62,36843,4082],{"class":729},[62,36845,35993],{"class":127},[62,36847,131],{"class":95},[62,36849,832],{"class":139},[62,36851,103],{"class":95},[62,36853,36214],{"class":9351},[62,36855,73],{"class":72},[62,36857,499],{"class":99},[62,36859,8521],{"class":95},[62,36861,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,36863,754],{"class":127},[62,36865,131],{"class":95},[62,36867,36008],{"class":139},[62,36869,103],{"class":95},[62,36871,36013],{"class":139},[62,36873,434],{"class":95},[14,36875,2282],{},[53,36877,36879],{"className":55,"code":36878,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,36880,36881,36887,36893],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36882,36883,36885],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36884,499],{"class":99},[62,36886,36029],{"class":68},[62,36888,36889,36891],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36890,1935],{"class":99},[62,36892,36036],{"class":68},[62,36894,36895,36897],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36896,2273],{"class":99},[62,36898,36043],{"class":68},[14,36900,36901],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36903,36904],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[48,36906,25518],{"id":25517},[14,36908,25521,36909,409],{},[18,36910,35911],{},[1256,36912,36914],{"id":36913},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36916,36917],{},"In this loop:",[53,36919,36921],{"className":55,"code":36920,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,36922,36923,36943,36947,36967],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,36924,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,36926,225],{"class":68},[62,36928,73],{"class":72},[62,36930,96],{"class":95},[62,36932,100],{"class":99},[62,36934,103],{"class":95},[62,36936,106],{"class":99},[62,36938,103],{"class":95},[62,36940,111],{"class":99},[62,36942,114],{"class":95},[62,36944,36945],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,36946,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,36948,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963,36965],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,36950,6154],{"class":729},[62,36952,35983],{"class":68},[62,36954,103],{"class":95},[62,36956,1788],{"class":68},[62,36958,4082],{"class":729},[62,36960,35993],{"class":127},[62,36962,131],{"class":95},[62,36964,348],{"class":139},[62,36966,8521],{"class":95},[62,36968,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,36970,754],{"class":127},[62,36972,131],{"class":95},[62,36974,36008],{"class":139},[62,36976,103],{"class":95},[62,36978,8612],{"class":139},[62,36980,434],{"class":95},[29,36982,36983,36993],{},[32,36984,36985,4982,36987,399,36989,399,36991],{},[18,36986,36008],{},[18,36988,665],{},[18,36990,499],{},[18,36992,1935],{},[32,36994,36995,4982,36997,399,36999,399,37001],{},[18,36996,1632],{},[18,36998,100],{},[18,37000,15921],{},[18,37002,37003],{},"30",[14,37005,37006],{},"These are different things.",[1256,37008,37010],{"id":37009},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37012,37013,37014,37016],{},"Each item from ",[18,37015,35911],{}," is a pair.",[14,37018,6879],{},[53,37020,37022],{"className":55,"code":37021,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,37023,37024,37048,37052,37072],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37025,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37027,90],{"class":68},[62,37029,73],{"class":72},[62,37031,96],{"class":95},[62,37033,259],{"class":76},[62,37035,552],{"class":80},[62,37037,259],{"class":76},[62,37039,103],{"class":95},[62,37041,77],{"class":76},[62,37043,11916],{"class":80},[62,37045,259],{"class":76},[62,37047,114],{"class":95},[62,37049,37050],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37051,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,37053,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,37055,6154],{"class":729},[62,37057,36292],{"class":68},[62,37059,103],{"class":95},[62,37061,6157],{"class":68},[62,37063,4082],{"class":729},[62,37065,35993],{"class":127},[62,37067,131],{"class":95},[62,37069,161],{"class":139},[62,37071,8521],{"class":95},[62,37073,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,37075,754],{"class":127},[62,37077,131],{"class":95},[62,37079,645],{"class":139},[62,37081,103],{"class":95},[62,37083,29668],{"class":139},[62,37085,434],{"class":95},[14,37087,37088],{},"But this causes an error:",[53,37090,37092],{"className":55,"code":37091,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,37093,37094,37118,37122,37147],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37095,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114,37116],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37097,90],{"class":68},[62,37099,73],{"class":72},[62,37101,96],{"class":95},[62,37103,259],{"class":76},[62,37105,552],{"class":80},[62,37107,259],{"class":76},[62,37109,103],{"class":95},[62,37111,77],{"class":76},[62,37113,11916],{"class":80},[62,37115,259],{"class":76},[62,37117,114],{"class":95},[62,37119,37120],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37121,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,37123,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,37125,6154],{"class":729},[62,37127,36292],{"class":68},[62,37129,103],{"class":95},[62,37131,29668],{"class":68},[62,37133,103],{"class":95},[62,37135,37136],{"class":68}," extra ",[62,37138,4082],{"class":729},[62,37140,35993],{"class":127},[62,37142,131],{"class":95},[62,37144,161],{"class":139},[62,37146,8521],{"class":95},[62,37148,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37164],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,37150,754],{"class":127},[62,37152,131],{"class":95},[62,37154,645],{"class":139},[62,37156,103],{"class":95},[62,37158,29668],{"class":139},[62,37160,103],{"class":95},[62,37162,37163],{"class":139}," extra",[62,37165,434],{"class":95},[14,37167,29222,37168,37170],{},[18,37169,35911],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1256,37172,37174,37176],{"id":37173},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,37175,35911],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37178,37179],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37181,37182],{},"Example with a string:",[53,37184,37186],{"className":55,"code":37185,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,37187,37188,37214],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37189,37190,37192,37194,37196,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37210,37212],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37191,6154],{"class":729},[62,37193,35983],{"class":68},[62,37195,103],{"class":95},[62,37197,37198],{"class":68}," char ",[62,37200,4082],{"class":729},[62,37202,35993],{"class":127},[62,37204,131],{"class":95},[62,37206,259],{"class":76},[62,37208,37209],{"class":80},"cat",[62,37211,259],{"class":76},[62,37213,8521],{"class":95},[62,37215,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37227],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37217,754],{"class":127},[62,37219,131],{"class":95},[62,37221,36008],{"class":139},[62,37223,103],{"class":95},[62,37225,37226],{"class":139}," char",[62,37228,434],{"class":95},[14,37230,2282],{},[53,37232,37234],{"className":55,"code":37233,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,37235,37236,37242,37248],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37237,37238,37240],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37239,665],{"class":99},[62,37241,36350],{"class":68},[62,37243,37244,37246],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37245,499],{"class":99},[62,37247,36336],{"class":68},[62,37249,37250,37252],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,37251,1935],{"class":99},[62,37253,37254],{"class":68}," t\n",[14,37256,37257,37258,409],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[262,37259,5334],{"href":5782},[1256,37261,37263],{"id":37262},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37265,37266,37267,409],{},"You do not always need ",[18,37268,35911],{},[14,37270,37271,37272,37274],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,37273,6154],{}," loop:",[53,37276,37278],{"className":55,"code":37277,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,37279,37280,37312,37316,37328],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37281,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37283,788],{"class":68},[62,37285,73],{"class":72},[62,37287,96],{"class":95},[62,37289,259],{"class":76},[62,37291,797],{"class":80},[62,37293,259],{"class":76},[62,37295,103],{"class":95},[62,37297,77],{"class":76},[62,37299,806],{"class":80},[62,37301,259],{"class":76},[62,37303,103],{"class":95},[62,37305,77],{"class":76},[62,37307,815],{"class":80},[62,37309,259],{"class":76},[62,37311,114],{"class":95},[62,37313,37314],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37315,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,37317,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,37319,6154],{"class":729},[62,37321,35988],{"class":68},[62,37323,4082],{"class":729},[62,37325,13291],{"class":68},[62,37327,749],{"class":95},[62,37329,37330,37332,37334,37336],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,37331,754],{"class":127},[62,37333,131],{"class":95},[62,37335,33053],{"class":139},[62,37337,434],{"class":95},[14,37339,37340],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[48,37342,1824],{"id":1823},[14,37344,37345],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[29,37347,37348,37353,37359,37364],{},[32,37349,23260,37350,37352],{},[18,37351,35911],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[32,37354,37355,37356,37358],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,37357,665],{}," by default",[32,37360,1834,37361,37363],{},[18,37362,35911],{}," when only values are needed",[32,37365,37366,37367,8884,37369],{},"Confusing ",[18,37368,35911],{},[18,37370,36359],{},[14,37372,37373],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[53,37375,37377],{"className":55,"code":37376,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,37378,37379,37401,37428,37462,37495],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37380,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37382,128],{"class":127},[62,37384,131],{"class":95},[62,37386,36205],{"class":127},[62,37388,496],{"class":95},[62,37390,100],{"class":99},[62,37392,103],{"class":95},[62,37394,106],{"class":99},[62,37396,103],{"class":95},[62,37398,111],{"class":99},[62,37400,3201],{"class":95},[62,37402,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37404,128],{"class":127},[62,37406,131],{"class":95},[62,37408,8276],{"class":430},[62,37410,131],{"class":95},[62,37412,36205],{"class":127},[62,37414,496],{"class":95},[62,37416,100],{"class":99},[62,37418,103],{"class":95},[62,37420,106],{"class":99},[62,37422,103],{"class":95},[62,37424,111],{"class":99},[62,37426,37427],{"class":95},"])))\n",[62,37429,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,37431,128],{"class":127},[62,37433,131],{"class":95},[62,37435,8276],{"class":430},[62,37437,131],{"class":95},[62,37439,36205],{"class":127},[62,37441,496],{"class":95},[62,37443,100],{"class":99},[62,37445,103],{"class":95},[62,37447,106],{"class":99},[62,37449,103],{"class":95},[62,37451,111],{"class":99},[62,37453,18225],{"class":95},[62,37455,36214],{"class":9351},[62,37457,73],{"class":72},[62,37459,499],{"class":99},[62,37461,3115],{"class":95},[62,37463,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,37465,6154],{"class":729},[62,37467,36292],{"class":68},[62,37469,103],{"class":95},[62,37471,1788],{"class":68},[62,37473,4082],{"class":729},[62,37475,35993],{"class":127},[62,37477,496],{"class":95},[62,37479,3503],{"class":76},[62,37481,262],{"class":80},[62,37483,3503],{"class":76},[62,37485,103],{"class":95},[62,37487,3498],{"class":76},[62,37489,277],{"class":80},[62,37491,3503],{"class":76},[62,37493,37494],{"class":95},"]):\n",[62,37496,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,37498,754],{"class":127},[62,37500,131],{"class":95},[62,37502,645],{"class":139},[62,37504,103],{"class":95},[62,37506,8612],{"class":139},[62,37508,434],{"class":95},[14,37510,17125],{},[53,37512,37514],{"className":55,"code":37513,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37515,37516,37536,37568,37600,37606],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37517,37518,37520,37522,37524,37527,37531,37534],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37519,3492],{"class":72},[62,37521,36205],{"class":127},[62,37523,24777],{"class":430},[62,37525,37526],{"class":68}," at ",[62,37528,37530],{"class":37529},"srjyR","0x",[62,37532,37533],{"class":34616},"...",[62,37535,3506],{"class":72},[62,37537,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37539,21902],{"class":95},[62,37541,665],{"class":99},[62,37543,103],{"class":95},[62,37545,6200],{"class":99},[62,37547,9408],{"class":95},[62,37549,854],{"class":95},[62,37551,499],{"class":99},[62,37553,103],{"class":95},[62,37555,106],{"class":99},[62,37557,9408],{"class":95},[62,37559,854],{"class":95},[62,37561,1935],{"class":99},[62,37563,103],{"class":95},[62,37565,111],{"class":99},[62,37567,9423],{"class":95},[62,37569,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,37571,21902],{"class":95},[62,37573,499],{"class":99},[62,37575,103],{"class":95},[62,37577,6200],{"class":99},[62,37579,9408],{"class":95},[62,37581,854],{"class":95},[62,37583,1935],{"class":99},[62,37585,103],{"class":95},[62,37587,106],{"class":99},[62,37589,9408],{"class":95},[62,37591,854],{"class":95},[62,37593,2273],{"class":99},[62,37595,103],{"class":95},[62,37597,111],{"class":99},[62,37599,9423],{"class":95},[62,37601,37602,37604],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,37603,665],{"class":99},[62,37605,36336],{"class":68},[62,37607,37608,37610],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,37609,499],{"class":99},[62,37611,36343],{"class":68},[48,37613,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,37615,5340,37617,5343],{"id":37616},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,37618,35911],{},[14,37620,37621],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1256,37623,12875,37625,37627],{"id":37624},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,37626,35911],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37629,37630,37631,37633,37634,37637],{},"It starts at ",[18,37632,665],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,37635,37636],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1256,37639,21583,37641,11264,37643,632],{"id":37640},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,37642,35911],{},[18,37644,37645],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37647,36754,37648,37650],{},[18,37649,35911],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1256,37652,5368,37654,37656],{"id":37653},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37655,35911],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37658,37659,37660,37662],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37661,35911],{}," can return each character with its index.",[48,37664,2109],{"id":2108},[29,37666,37667,37671,37677,37684],{},[32,37668,37669],{},[262,37670,36191],{"href":36190},[32,37672,37673],{},[262,37674,3779,37675,3712],{"href":36356},[18,37676,36359],{},[32,37678,37679],{},[262,37680,37681,37682,36770],{"href":36766},"How to use ",[18,37683,35911],{},[32,37685,37686],{},[262,37687,5415],{"href":5782},[2145,37689,37690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":37692},[37693,37694,37696,37697,37699,37701,37703,37710,37711,37721],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":36051,"depth":87,"text":37695},"What enumerate() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":36362,"depth":87,"text":37698},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36577,"depth":87,"text":37700},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36773,"depth":87,"text":37702},"Using the start argument",{"id":25517,"depth":87,"text":25518,"children":37704},[37705,37706,37707,37709],{"id":36913,"depth":117,"text":36914},{"id":37009,"depth":117,"text":37010},{"id":37173,"depth":117,"text":37708},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37262,"depth":117,"text":37263},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":37712},[37713,37715,37717,37719],{"id":37616,"depth":117,"text":37714},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37624,"depth":117,"text":37716},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37640,"depth":117,"text":37718},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37653,"depth":117,"text":37720},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35903,"description":37722},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37729,"title":37730,"body":37731,"description":40237,"extension":2174,"meta":40238,"navigation":120,"path":40239,"seo":40240,"stem":40241,"__hash__":40242},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37732,"toc":40194},[37733,37739,37744,37747,37755,37768,37770,37860,37868,37873,37878,37880,37896,37898,37977,37979,37996,38002,38006,38008,38029,38033,38036,38048,38052,38055,38058,38071,38073,38149,38151,38168,38173,38177,38185,38188,38203,38205,38294,38296,38341,38344,38348,38351,38430,38432,38454,38457,38464,38469,38472,38572,38574,38599,38602,38609,38615,38620,38623,38634,38740,38742,38763,38771,38778,38784,38803,38808,38811,38830,38832,38917,38919,38948,38951,38956,38961,38964,38975,38977,39066,39068,39088,39094,39200,39202,39222,39225,39309,39311,39331,39338,39340,39344,39350,39353,39410,39413,39416,39477,39486,39489,39492,39520,39523,39583,39585,39602,39606,39609,39687,39689,39709,39712,39787,39791,39794,39796,39805,39810,39812,39863,39871,39883,39888,39949,39951,39968,39972,40035,40037,40062,40070,40072,40078,40084,40091,40099,40105,40108,40115,40125,40131,40137,40140,40157,40163,40165,40191],[10,37734,3779,37736,3783],{"id":37735},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37737,37738],{},"filter()",[14,37740,37741,37743],{},[18,37742,37738],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37745,37746],{},"It takes:",[29,37748,37749,37752],{},[32,37750,37751],{},"a function that checks each item",[32,37753,37754],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37756,1932,37757,37760,37761,37764,37765,37767],{},[3946,37758,37759],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37762,37763],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37766,24941],{}," to see the values.",[48,37769,51],{"id":50},[53,37771,37773],{"className":55,"code":37772,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37774,37775,37807,37843],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37776,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37778,225],{"class":68},[62,37780,73],{"class":72},[62,37782,96],{"class":95},[62,37784,499],{"class":99},[62,37786,103],{"class":95},[62,37788,284],{"class":99},[62,37790,103],{"class":95},[62,37792,508],{"class":99},[62,37794,103],{"class":95},[62,37796,2661],{"class":99},[62,37798,103],{"class":95},[62,37800,4804],{"class":99},[62,37802,103],{"class":95},[62,37804,304],{"class":99},[62,37806,114],{"class":95},[62,37808,37809,37811,37813,37816,37818,37821,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37810,2435],{"class":68},[62,37812,73],{"class":72},[62,37814,37815],{"class":127}," filter",[62,37817,131],{"class":95},[62,37819,37820],{"class":2276},"lambda",[62,37822,37824],{"class":37823},"sFwrP"," x",[62,37826,267],{"class":95},[62,37828,4079],{"class":139},[62,37830,6597],{"class":72},[62,37832,284],{"class":99},[62,37834,1225],{"class":72},[62,37836,1228],{"class":99},[62,37838,103],{"class":95},[62,37840,4462],{"class":139},[62,37842,434],{"class":95},[62,37844,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,37846,128],{"class":127},[62,37848,131],{"class":95},[62,37850,8276],{"class":430},[62,37852,131],{"class":95},[62,37854,2470],{"class":139},[62,37856,143],{"class":95},[62,37858,37859],{"class":146},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37861,37862,37864,37865,37867],{},[18,37863,37738],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37866,24941],{}," to see the results.",[48,37869,3879,37871,3882],{"id":37870},"what-filter-does",[18,37872,37738],{},[14,37874,37875,37877],{},[18,37876,37738],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37879,2319],{},[29,37881,37882,37885,37891],{},[32,37883,37884],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[32,37886,37887,37888,37890],{},"if the test returns ",[18,37889,3808],{},", the item is kept",[32,37892,37887,37893,37895],{},[18,37894,2098],{},", the item is removed",[14,37897,201],{},[53,37899,37901],{"className":55,"code":37900,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37902,37903,37931,37935,37963],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37904,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37906,225],{"class":68},[62,37908,73],{"class":72},[62,37910,96],{"class":95},[62,37912,499],{"class":99},[62,37914,103],{"class":95},[62,37916,284],{"class":99},[62,37918,103],{"class":95},[62,37920,508],{"class":99},[62,37922,103],{"class":95},[62,37924,2661],{"class":99},[62,37926,103],{"class":95},[62,37928,4804],{"class":99},[62,37930,114],{"class":95},[62,37932,37933],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,37934,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,37936,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,37938,2435],{"class":68},[62,37940,73],{"class":72},[62,37942,37815],{"class":127},[62,37944,131],{"class":95},[62,37946,37820],{"class":2276},[62,37948,37824],{"class":37823},[62,37950,267],{"class":95},[62,37952,4079],{"class":139},[62,37954,4451],{"class":72},[62,37956,508],{"class":99},[62,37958,103],{"class":95},[62,37960,4462],{"class":139},[62,37962,434],{"class":95},[62,37964,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,37966,128],{"class":127},[62,37968,131],{"class":95},[62,37970,8276],{"class":430},[62,37972,131],{"class":95},[62,37974,2470],{"class":139},[62,37976,1013],{"class":95},[14,37978,2282],{},[53,37980,37982],{"className":55,"code":37981,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[4, 5]\n",[18,37983,37984],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,37985,37986,37988,37990,37992,37994],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,37987,948],{"class":95},[62,37989,2708],{"class":99},[62,37991,103],{"class":95},[62,37993,4804],{"class":99},[62,37995,114],{"class":95},[14,37997,37998,37999,38001],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,38000,2273],{}," are kept.",[48,38003,38005],{"id":38004},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38007,416],{},[53,38009,38011],{"className":55,"code":38010,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,38012,38013],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38014,38015,38017,38019,38022,38024,38027],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38016,37763],{"class":127},[62,38018,131],{"class":95},[62,38020,38021],{"class":139},"function",[62,38023,103],{"class":95},[62,38025,38026],{"class":139}," iterable",[62,38028,434],{"class":95},[1256,38030,38031],{"id":38021},[18,38032,38021],{},[14,38034,38035],{},"This is the test function.",[29,38037,38038,38041],{},[32,38039,38040],{},"It receives one item at a time",[32,38042,38043,38044,2022,38046],{},"It should return ",[18,38045,3808],{},[18,38047,2098],{},[1256,38049,38050],{"id":3923},[18,38051,3923],{},[14,38053,38054],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38056,38057],{},"It can be:",[29,38059,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068],{},[32,38061,448],{},[32,38063,451],{},[32,38065,445],{},[32,38067,454],{},[32,38069,38070],{},"another iterable object",[14,38072,839],{},[53,38074,38076],{"className":55,"code":38075,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38077,38078,38103,38107,38135],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38079,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38081,225],{"class":68},[62,38083,73],{"class":72},[62,38085,854],{"class":95},[62,38087,100],{"class":99},[62,38089,103],{"class":95},[62,38091,38092],{"class":99}," 15",[62,38094,103],{"class":95},[62,38096,106],{"class":99},[62,38098,103],{"class":95},[62,38100,9479],{"class":99},[62,38102,434],{"class":95},[62,38104,38105],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,38106,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,38108,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,38110,2435],{"class":68},[62,38112,73],{"class":72},[62,38114,37815],{"class":127},[62,38116,131],{"class":95},[62,38118,37820],{"class":2276},[62,38120,37824],{"class":37823},[62,38122,267],{"class":95},[62,38124,4079],{"class":139},[62,38126,5296],{"class":72},[62,38128,106],{"class":99},[62,38130,103],{"class":95},[62,38132,4462],{"class":139},[62,38134,434],{"class":95},[62,38136,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,38138,128],{"class":127},[62,38140,131],{"class":95},[62,38142,8276],{"class":430},[62,38144,131],{"class":95},[62,38146,2470],{"class":139},[62,38148,1013],{"class":95},[14,38150,2282],{},[53,38152,38154],{"className":55,"code":38153,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[20, 25]\n",[18,38155,38156],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38157,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38159,948],{"class":95},[62,38161,15921],{"class":99},[62,38163,103],{"class":95},[62,38165,9479],{"class":99},[62,38167,114],{"class":95},[14,38169,38170,38171,409],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[262,38172,5334],{"href":5782},[48,38174,38176],{"id":38175},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38178,38179,38180,22137,38182,409],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,38181,37738],{},[3946,38183,38184],{},"filter object",[14,38186,38187],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[29,38189,38190,38193,38198],{},[32,38191,38192],{},"loop through it",[32,38194,38195,38196],{},"convert it with ",[18,38197,24941],{},[32,38199,38195,38200],{},[18,38201,38202],{},"tuple()",[14,38204,201],{},[53,38206,38208],{"className":55,"code":38207,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38209,38210,38252,38256,38266,38280],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38211,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38213,2435],{"class":68},[62,38215,73],{"class":72},[62,38217,37815],{"class":127},[62,38219,131],{"class":95},[62,38221,37820],{"class":2276},[62,38223,37824],{"class":37823},[62,38225,267],{"class":95},[62,38227,4079],{"class":139},[62,38229,4451],{"class":72},[62,38231,284],{"class":99},[62,38233,103],{"class":95},[62,38235,96],{"class":95},[62,38237,499],{"class":99},[62,38239,103],{"class":95},[62,38241,284],{"class":99},[62,38243,103],{"class":95},[62,38245,508],{"class":99},[62,38247,103],{"class":95},[62,38249,2661],{"class":99},[62,38251,4088],{"class":95},[62,38253,38254],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,38255,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,38257,38258,38260,38262,38264],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,38259,128],{"class":127},[62,38261,131],{"class":95},[62,38263,2470],{"class":139},[62,38265,434],{"class":95},[62,38267,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,38269,128],{"class":127},[62,38271,131],{"class":95},[62,38273,1690],{"class":430},[62,38275,131],{"class":95},[62,38277,2470],{"class":139},[62,38279,1013],{"class":95},[62,38281,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,38283,128],{"class":127},[62,38285,131],{"class":95},[62,38287,8276],{"class":430},[62,38289,131],{"class":95},[62,38291,2470],{"class":139},[62,38293,1013],{"class":95},[14,38295,2282],{},[53,38297,38299],{"className":55,"code":38298,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,38300,38301,38315,38329],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38302,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38304,3492],{"class":72},[62,38306,37763],{"class":127},[62,38308,24777],{"class":430},[62,38310,37526],{"class":68},[62,38312,37533],{"class":34616},[62,38314,3506],{"class":72},[62,38316,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,38318,3492],{"class":72},[62,38320,3495],{"class":2276},[62,38322,3498],{"class":76},[62,38324,37763],{"class":80},[62,38326,3503],{"class":76},[62,38328,3506],{"class":72},[62,38330,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,38332,948],{"class":95},[62,38334,2273],{"class":99},[62,38336,103],{"class":95},[62,38338,2661],{"class":99},[62,38340,114],{"class":95},[14,38342,38343],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1256,38345,38347],{"id":38346},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38349,38350],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[53,38352,38354],{"className":55,"code":38353,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38355,38356,38398,38402,38416],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38357,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38359,2435],{"class":68},[62,38361,73],{"class":72},[62,38363,37815],{"class":127},[62,38365,131],{"class":95},[62,38367,37820],{"class":2276},[62,38369,37824],{"class":37823},[62,38371,267],{"class":95},[62,38373,4079],{"class":139},[62,38375,4451],{"class":72},[62,38377,284],{"class":99},[62,38379,103],{"class":95},[62,38381,96],{"class":95},[62,38383,499],{"class":99},[62,38385,103],{"class":95},[62,38387,284],{"class":99},[62,38389,103],{"class":95},[62,38391,508],{"class":99},[62,38393,103],{"class":95},[62,38395,2661],{"class":99},[62,38397,4088],{"class":95},[62,38399,38400],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,38401,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,38403,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,38405,128],{"class":127},[62,38407,131],{"class":95},[62,38409,8276],{"class":430},[62,38411,131],{"class":95},[62,38413,2470],{"class":139},[62,38415,1013],{"class":95},[62,38417,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,38419,128],{"class":127},[62,38421,131],{"class":95},[62,38423,8276],{"class":430},[62,38425,131],{"class":95},[62,38427,2470],{"class":139},[62,38429,1013],{"class":95},[14,38431,2282],{},[53,38433,38435],{"className":55,"code":38434,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38436,38437,38449],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38438,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38440,948],{"class":95},[62,38442,2273],{"class":99},[62,38444,103],{"class":95},[62,38446,2661],{"class":99},[62,38448,114],{"class":95},[62,38450,38451],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,38452,38453],{"class":95},"[]\n",[14,38455,38456],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[48,38458,1834,38460,8884,38462],{"id":38459},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38461,37738],{},[18,38463,37820],{},[14,38465,15356,38466,38468],{},[18,38467,37820],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38470,38471],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[53,38473,38475],{"className":55,"code":38474,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38476,38477,38519,38523,38558],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38478,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38515,38517],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38480,4270],{"class":68},[62,38482,73],{"class":72},[62,38484,96],{"class":95},[62,38486,259],{"class":76},[62,38488,901],{"class":80},[62,38490,259],{"class":76},[62,38492,103],{"class":95},[62,38494,77],{"class":76},[62,38496,38497],{"class":80},"kiwi",[62,38499,259],{"class":76},[62,38501,103],{"class":95},[62,38503,77],{"class":76},[62,38505,910],{"class":80},[62,38507,259],{"class":76},[62,38509,103],{"class":95},[62,38511,77],{"class":76},[62,38513,38514],{"class":80},"fig",[62,38516,259],{"class":76},[62,38518,114],{"class":95},[62,38520,38521],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,38522,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,38524,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,38526,2435],{"class":68},[62,38528,73],{"class":72},[62,38530,37815],{"class":127},[62,38532,131],{"class":95},[62,38534,37820],{"class":2276},[62,38536,38537],{"class":37823}," word",[62,38539,267],{"class":95},[62,38541,733],{"class":127},[62,38543,131],{"class":95},[62,38545,1362],{"class":139},[62,38547,741],{"class":95},[62,38549,933],{"class":72},[62,38551,2661],{"class":99},[62,38553,103],{"class":95},[62,38555,6363],{"class":139},[62,38557,434],{"class":95},[62,38559,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,38561,128],{"class":127},[62,38563,131],{"class":95},[62,38565,8276],{"class":430},[62,38567,131],{"class":95},[62,38569,2470],{"class":139},[62,38571,1013],{"class":95},[14,38573,2282],{},[53,38575,38577],{"className":55,"code":38576,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,38578,38579],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38580,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38582,948],{"class":95},[62,38584,3503],{"class":76},[62,38586,901],{"class":80},[62,38588,3503],{"class":76},[62,38590,103],{"class":95},[62,38592,3498],{"class":76},[62,38594,910],{"class":80},[62,38596,3503],{"class":76},[62,38598,114],{"class":95},[14,38600,38601],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38603,38604,38605,409],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[262,38606,38608],{"href":38607},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[48,38610,1834,38612,38614],{"id":38611},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,38613,37738],{}," with a named function",[14,38616,38617,38618,409],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,38619,37820],{},[14,38621,38622],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[29,38624,38625,38628,38631],{},[32,38626,38627],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[32,38629,38630],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[32,38632,38633],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[53,38635,38637],{"className":55,"code":38636,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38638,38639,38652,38667,38671,38703,38722,38726],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38640,38641,38643,38646,38648,38650],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38642,35013],{"class":2276},[62,38644,38645],{"class":35016}," is_even",[62,38647,131],{"class":95},[62,38649,2445],{"class":37823},[62,38651,8521],{"class":95},[62,38653,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,38655,35024],{"class":729},[62,38657,6581],{"class":68},[62,38659,6597],{"class":72},[62,38661,284],{"class":99},[62,38663,1225],{"class":72},[62,38665,38666],{"class":99}," 0\n",[62,38668,38669],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,38670,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,38672,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,38674,225],{"class":68},[62,38676,73],{"class":72},[62,38678,96],{"class":95},[62,38680,499],{"class":99},[62,38682,103],{"class":95},[62,38684,284],{"class":99},[62,38686,103],{"class":95},[62,38688,508],{"class":99},[62,38690,103],{"class":95},[62,38692,2661],{"class":99},[62,38694,103],{"class":95},[62,38696,4804],{"class":99},[62,38698,103],{"class":95},[62,38700,304],{"class":99},[62,38702,114],{"class":95},[62,38704,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38716,38718,38720],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,38706,2435],{"class":68},[62,38708,73],{"class":72},[62,38710,37815],{"class":127},[62,38712,131],{"class":95},[62,38714,38715],{"class":139},"is_even",[62,38717,103],{"class":95},[62,38719,4462],{"class":139},[62,38721,434],{"class":95},[62,38723,38724],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,38725,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,38727,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,38729,128],{"class":127},[62,38731,131],{"class":95},[62,38733,8276],{"class":430},[62,38735,131],{"class":95},[62,38737,2470],{"class":139},[62,38739,1013],{"class":95},[14,38741,2282],{},[53,38743,38745],{"className":55,"code":38744,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38746,38747],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38748,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38750,948],{"class":95},[62,38752,1935],{"class":99},[62,38754,103],{"class":95},[62,38756,2661],{"class":99},[62,38758,103],{"class":95},[62,38760,304],{"class":99},[62,38762,114],{"class":95},[14,38764,20933,38765,2602,38768,38770],{},[18,38766,38767],{},"is_even()",[18,38769,3808],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[48,38772,1834,38774,8884,38776],{"id":38773},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38775,1548],{},[18,38777,37738],{},[14,38779,38780,38781,38783],{},"You can pass ",[18,38782,1548],{}," as the first argument:",[53,38785,38787],{"className":55,"code":38786,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38788,38789],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38790,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799,38801],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38792,37763],{"class":127},[62,38794,131],{"class":95},[62,38796,1548],{"class":1618},[62,38798,103],{"class":95},[62,38800,38026],{"class":139},[62,38802,434],{"class":95},[14,38804,38805,38806,7531],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3946,38807,5792],{},[14,38809,38810],{},"Falsy values include:",[29,38812,38813,38817,38822,38826],{},[32,38814,38815],{},[18,38816,665],{},[32,38818,38819,38821],{},[18,38820,3977],{}," (empty string)",[32,38823,38824],{},[18,38825,1548],{},[32,38827,38828],{},[18,38829,2098],{},[14,38831,201],{},[53,38833,38835],{"className":55,"code":38834,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38836,38837,38881,38885,38903],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38838,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38840,90],{"class":68},[62,38842,73],{"class":72},[62,38844,96],{"class":95},[62,38846,665],{"class":99},[62,38848,103],{"class":95},[62,38850,270],{"class":99},[62,38852,103],{"class":95},[62,38854,6322],{"class":76},[62,38856,103],{"class":95},[62,38858,77],{"class":76},[62,38860,81],{"class":80},[62,38862,259],{"class":76},[62,38864,103],{"class":95},[62,38866,1797],{"class":1618},[62,38868,103],{"class":95},[62,38870,4115],{"class":1618},[62,38872,103],{"class":95},[62,38874,4106],{"class":1618},[62,38876,103],{"class":95},[62,38878,4804],{"class":99},[62,38880,114],{"class":95},[62,38882,38883],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,38884,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,38886,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,38888,2435],{"class":68},[62,38890,73],{"class":72},[62,38892,37815],{"class":127},[62,38894,131],{"class":95},[62,38896,1548],{"class":1618},[62,38898,103],{"class":95},[62,38900,6162],{"class":139},[62,38902,434],{"class":95},[62,38904,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,38906,128],{"class":127},[62,38908,131],{"class":95},[62,38910,8276],{"class":430},[62,38912,131],{"class":95},[62,38914,2470],{"class":139},[62,38916,1013],{"class":95},[14,38918,2282],{},[53,38920,38922],{"className":55,"code":38921,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,38923,38924],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38925,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38927,948],{"class":95},[62,38929,499],{"class":99},[62,38931,103],{"class":95},[62,38933,3498],{"class":76},[62,38935,81],{"class":80},[62,38937,3503],{"class":76},[62,38939,103],{"class":95},[62,38941,4115],{"class":1618},[62,38943,103],{"class":95},[62,38945,4804],{"class":99},[62,38947,114],{"class":95},[14,38949,38950],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[48,38952,5160,38954],{"id":38953},"when-to-use-filter",[18,38955,37738],{},[14,38957,169,38958,38960],{},[18,38959,37738],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38962,38963],{},"It works well for:",[29,38965,38966,38969,38972],{},[32,38967,38968],{},"simple filtering rules",[32,38970,38971],{},"quick data cleaning",[32,38973,38974],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38976,201],{},[53,38978,38980],{"className":55,"code":38979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,38981,38982,39014,39047,39051],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,38983,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,38985,225],{"class":68},[62,38987,73],{"class":72},[62,38989,96],{"class":95},[62,38991,499],{"class":99},[62,38993,103],{"class":95},[62,38995,284],{"class":99},[62,38997,103],{"class":95},[62,38999,508],{"class":99},[62,39001,103],{"class":95},[62,39003,2661],{"class":99},[62,39005,103],{"class":95},[62,39007,4804],{"class":99},[62,39009,103],{"class":95},[62,39011,304],{"class":99},[62,39013,114],{"class":95},[62,39015,39016,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39017,39018],{"class":68},"evens ",[62,39020,73],{"class":72},[62,39022,37815],{"class":127},[62,39024,131],{"class":95},[62,39026,37820],{"class":2276},[62,39028,37824],{"class":37823},[62,39030,267],{"class":95},[62,39032,4079],{"class":139},[62,39034,6597],{"class":72},[62,39036,284],{"class":99},[62,39038,1225],{"class":72},[62,39040,1228],{"class":99},[62,39042,103],{"class":95},[62,39044,4462],{"class":139},[62,39046,434],{"class":95},[62,39048,39049],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,39050,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,39052,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39064],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,39054,128],{"class":127},[62,39056,131],{"class":95},[62,39058,8276],{"class":430},[62,39060,131],{"class":95},[62,39062,39063],{"class":139},"evens",[62,39065,1013],{"class":95},[14,39067,2282],{},[53,39069,39070],{"className":55,"code":38744,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,39071,39072],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39073,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39075,948],{"class":95},[62,39077,1935],{"class":99},[62,39079,103],{"class":95},[62,39081,2661],{"class":99},[62,39083,103],{"class":95},[62,39085,304],{"class":99},[62,39087,114],{"class":95},[14,39089,39090,39091,39093],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,39092,6154],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[53,39095,39097],{"className":55,"code":39096,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39098,39099,39131,39139,39143,39155,39171,39186,39190],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39100,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39102,225],{"class":68},[62,39104,73],{"class":72},[62,39106,96],{"class":95},[62,39108,499],{"class":99},[62,39110,103],{"class":95},[62,39112,284],{"class":99},[62,39114,103],{"class":95},[62,39116,508],{"class":99},[62,39118,103],{"class":95},[62,39120,2661],{"class":99},[62,39122,103],{"class":95},[62,39124,4804],{"class":99},[62,39126,103],{"class":95},[62,39128,304],{"class":99},[62,39130,114],{"class":95},[62,39132,39133,39135,39137],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39134,39018],{"class":68},[62,39136,73],{"class":72},[62,39138,1273],{"class":95},[62,39140,39141],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,39142,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,39144,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,39146,6154],{"class":729},[62,39148,6581],{"class":68},[62,39150,4082],{"class":729},[62,39152,4462],{"class":68},[62,39154,749],{"class":95},[62,39156,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,39158,6592],{"class":729},[62,39160,6581],{"class":68},[62,39162,6597],{"class":72},[62,39164,284],{"class":99},[62,39166,1225],{"class":72},[62,39168,1228],{"class":99},[62,39170,749],{"class":95},[62,39172,39173,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,39174,39175],{"class":68},"        evens",[62,39177,409],{"class":95},[62,39179,13720],{"class":139},[62,39181,131],{"class":95},[62,39183,2445],{"class":139},[62,39185,434],{"class":95},[62,39187,39188],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,39189,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,39191,39192,39194,39196,39198],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,39193,128],{"class":127},[62,39195,131],{"class":95},[62,39197,39063],{"class":139},[62,39199,434],{"class":95},[14,39201,2282],{},[53,39203,39204],{"className":55,"code":38744,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,39205,39206],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39207,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39209,948],{"class":95},[62,39211,1935],{"class":99},[62,39213,103],{"class":95},[62,39215,2661],{"class":99},[62,39217,103],{"class":95},[62,39219,304],{"class":99},[62,39221,114],{"class":95},[14,39223,39224],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[53,39226,39228],{"className":55,"code":39227,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39229,39230,39262,39295,39299],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39231,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39233,225],{"class":68},[62,39235,73],{"class":72},[62,39237,96],{"class":95},[62,39239,499],{"class":99},[62,39241,103],{"class":95},[62,39243,284],{"class":99},[62,39245,103],{"class":95},[62,39247,508],{"class":99},[62,39249,103],{"class":95},[62,39251,2661],{"class":99},[62,39253,103],{"class":95},[62,39255,4804],{"class":99},[62,39257,103],{"class":95},[62,39259,304],{"class":99},[62,39261,114],{"class":95},[62,39263,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39265,39018],{"class":68},[62,39267,73],{"class":72},[62,39269,96],{"class":95},[62,39271,2422],{"class":68},[62,39273,6154],{"class":729},[62,39275,6581],{"class":68},[62,39277,4082],{"class":729},[62,39279,39280],{"class":68}," numbers ",[62,39282,730],{"class":729},[62,39284,6581],{"class":68},[62,39286,6597],{"class":72},[62,39288,284],{"class":99},[62,39290,1225],{"class":72},[62,39292,1228],{"class":99},[62,39294,114],{"class":95},[62,39296,39297],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,39298,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,39300,39301,39303,39305,39307],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,39302,128],{"class":127},[62,39304,131],{"class":95},[62,39306,39063],{"class":139},[62,39308,434],{"class":95},[14,39310,2282],{},[53,39312,39313],{"className":55,"code":38744,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,39314,39315],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39316,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39318,948],{"class":95},[62,39320,1935],{"class":99},[62,39322,103],{"class":95},[62,39324,2661],{"class":99},[62,39326,103],{"class":95},[62,39328,304],{"class":99},[62,39330,114],{"class":95},[14,39332,39333,39334,409],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[262,39335,39337],{"href":39336},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[48,39339,1824],{"id":1823},[14,39341,14900,39342,409],{},[18,39343,37738],{},[1256,39345,8631,39347,39349],{"id":39346},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,39348,37738],{}," to return a list",[14,39351,39352],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[53,39354,39356],{"className":55,"code":39355,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,39357,39358,39400],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39359,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39361,2435],{"class":68},[62,39363,73],{"class":72},[62,39365,37815],{"class":127},[62,39367,131],{"class":95},[62,39369,37820],{"class":2276},[62,39371,37824],{"class":37823},[62,39373,267],{"class":95},[62,39375,4079],{"class":139},[62,39377,4451],{"class":72},[62,39379,284],{"class":99},[62,39381,103],{"class":95},[62,39383,96],{"class":95},[62,39385,499],{"class":99},[62,39387,103],{"class":95},[62,39389,284],{"class":99},[62,39391,103],{"class":95},[62,39393,508],{"class":99},[62,39395,103],{"class":95},[62,39397,2661],{"class":99},[62,39399,4088],{"class":95},[62,39401,39402,39404,39406,39408],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39403,128],{"class":127},[62,39405,131],{"class":95},[62,39407,2470],{"class":139},[62,39409,434],{"class":95},[14,39411,39412],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39414,39415],{},"Fix:",[53,39417,39419],{"className":55,"code":39418,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39420,39421,39463],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39422,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39424,2435],{"class":68},[62,39426,73],{"class":72},[62,39428,37815],{"class":127},[62,39430,131],{"class":95},[62,39432,37820],{"class":2276},[62,39434,37824],{"class":37823},[62,39436,267],{"class":95},[62,39438,4079],{"class":139},[62,39440,4451],{"class":72},[62,39442,284],{"class":99},[62,39444,103],{"class":95},[62,39446,96],{"class":95},[62,39448,499],{"class":99},[62,39450,103],{"class":95},[62,39452,284],{"class":99},[62,39454,103],{"class":95},[62,39456,508],{"class":99},[62,39458,103],{"class":95},[62,39460,2661],{"class":99},[62,39462,4088],{"class":95},[62,39464,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39466,128],{"class":127},[62,39468,131],{"class":95},[62,39470,8276],{"class":430},[62,39472,131],{"class":95},[62,39474,2470],{"class":139},[62,39476,1013],{"class":95},[1256,39478,39480,39481,2022,39483,39485],{"id":39479},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39482,3808],{},[18,39484,2098],{}," clearly",[14,39487,39488],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39490,39491],{},"Good example:",[53,39493,39495],{"className":55,"code":39494,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39496,39497,39510],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39498,39499,39501,39504,39506,39508],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39500,35013],{"class":2276},[62,39502,39503],{"class":35016}," is_positive",[62,39505,131],{"class":95},[62,39507,2445],{"class":37823},[62,39509,8521],{"class":95},[62,39511,39512,39514,39516,39518],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39513,35024],{"class":729},[62,39515,6581],{"class":68},[62,39517,4451],{"class":72},[62,39519,38666],{"class":99},[14,39521,39522],{},"Then use it with:",[53,39524,39526],{"className":55,"code":39525,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,39527,39528,39560],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39529,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39531,225],{"class":68},[62,39533,73],{"class":72},[62,39535,96],{"class":95},[62,39537,2233],{"class":72},[62,39539,1935],{"class":99},[62,39541,103],{"class":95},[62,39543,2427],{"class":72},[62,39545,499],{"class":99},[62,39547,103],{"class":95},[62,39549,1228],{"class":99},[62,39551,103],{"class":95},[62,39553,270],{"class":99},[62,39555,103],{"class":95},[62,39557,284],{"class":99},[62,39559,114],{"class":95},[62,39561,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39577,39579,39581],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39563,128],{"class":127},[62,39565,131],{"class":95},[62,39567,8276],{"class":430},[62,39569,131],{"class":95},[62,39571,37763],{"class":127},[62,39573,131],{"class":95},[62,39575,39576],{"class":139},"is_positive",[62,39578,103],{"class":95},[62,39580,4462],{"class":139},[62,39582,3115],{"class":95},[14,39584,2282],{},[53,39586,39588],{"className":55,"code":39587,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2]\n",[18,39589,39590],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39591,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39593,948],{"class":95},[62,39595,499],{"class":99},[62,39597,103],{"class":95},[62,39599,284],{"class":99},[62,39601,114],{"class":95},[1256,39603,39605],{"id":39604},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39607,39608],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[53,39610,39611],{"className":55,"code":38353,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,39612,39613,39655,39659,39673],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39614,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39616,2435],{"class":68},[62,39618,73],{"class":72},[62,39620,37815],{"class":127},[62,39622,131],{"class":95},[62,39624,37820],{"class":2276},[62,39626,37824],{"class":37823},[62,39628,267],{"class":95},[62,39630,4079],{"class":139},[62,39632,4451],{"class":72},[62,39634,284],{"class":99},[62,39636,103],{"class":95},[62,39638,96],{"class":95},[62,39640,499],{"class":99},[62,39642,103],{"class":95},[62,39644,284],{"class":99},[62,39646,103],{"class":95},[62,39648,508],{"class":99},[62,39650,103],{"class":95},[62,39652,2661],{"class":99},[62,39654,4088],{"class":95},[62,39656,39657],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39658,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,39660,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,39662,128],{"class":127},[62,39664,131],{"class":95},[62,39666,8276],{"class":430},[62,39668,131],{"class":95},[62,39670,2470],{"class":139},[62,39672,1013],{"class":95},[62,39674,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,39676,128],{"class":127},[62,39678,131],{"class":95},[62,39680,8276],{"class":430},[62,39682,131],{"class":95},[62,39684,2470],{"class":139},[62,39686,1013],{"class":95},[14,39688,2282],{},[53,39690,39691],{"className":55,"code":38434,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,39692,39693,39705],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39694,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39696,948],{"class":95},[62,39698,2273],{"class":99},[62,39700,103],{"class":95},[62,39702,2661],{"class":99},[62,39704,114],{"class":95},[62,39706,39707],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39708,38453],{"class":95},[14,39710,39711],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[53,39713,39715],{"className":55,"code":39714,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39716,39717,39763,39767,39777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39718,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39720,2435],{"class":68},[62,39722,73],{"class":72},[62,39724,1733],{"class":430},[62,39726,131],{"class":95},[62,39728,37763],{"class":127},[62,39730,131],{"class":95},[62,39732,37820],{"class":2276},[62,39734,37824],{"class":37823},[62,39736,267],{"class":95},[62,39738,4079],{"class":139},[62,39740,4451],{"class":72},[62,39742,284],{"class":99},[62,39744,103],{"class":95},[62,39746,96],{"class":95},[62,39748,499],{"class":99},[62,39750,103],{"class":95},[62,39752,284],{"class":99},[62,39754,103],{"class":95},[62,39756,508],{"class":99},[62,39758,103],{"class":95},[62,39760,2661],{"class":99},[62,39762,3201],{"class":95},[62,39764,39765],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39766,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,39768,39769,39771,39773,39775],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,39770,128],{"class":127},[62,39772,131],{"class":95},[62,39774,2470],{"class":139},[62,39776,434],{"class":95},[62,39778,39779,39781,39783,39785],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,39780,128],{"class":127},[62,39782,131],{"class":95},[62,39784,2470],{"class":139},[62,39786,434],{"class":95},[1256,39788,39790],{"id":39789},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39792,39793],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39795,16810],{},[53,39797,39799],{"className":55,"code":39798,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39800,39801],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39802,39803],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39804,39798],{"class":146},[14,39806,39807,39808,6742],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39809,100],{},[14,39811,16822],{},[53,39813,39815],{"className":55,"code":39814,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39816,39817],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39818,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857,39859,39861],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39820,128],{"class":127},[62,39822,131],{"class":95},[62,39824,8276],{"class":430},[62,39826,131],{"class":95},[62,39828,37763],{"class":127},[62,39830,131],{"class":95},[62,39832,37820],{"class":2276},[62,39834,37824],{"class":37823},[62,39836,267],{"class":95},[62,39838,4079],{"class":139},[62,39840,4451],{"class":72},[62,39842,284],{"class":99},[62,39844,103],{"class":95},[62,39846,96],{"class":95},[62,39848,499],{"class":99},[62,39850,103],{"class":95},[62,39852,284],{"class":99},[62,39854,103],{"class":95},[62,39856,508],{"class":99},[62,39858,103],{"class":95},[62,39860,2661],{"class":99},[62,39862,37427],{"class":95},[1256,39864,37366,39866,8884,39868],{"id":39865},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,39867,37738],{},[18,39869,39870],{},"map()",[29,39872,39873,39878],{},[32,39874,39875,39877],{},[18,39876,37738],{}," keeps or removes items",[32,39879,39880,39882],{},[18,39881,39870],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39884,39885,39886,267],{},"Example of ",[18,39887,37738],{},[53,39889,39891],{"className":55,"code":39890,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39892,39893,39917],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39894,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39896,225],{"class":68},[62,39898,73],{"class":72},[62,39900,96],{"class":95},[62,39902,499],{"class":99},[62,39904,103],{"class":95},[62,39906,284],{"class":99},[62,39908,103],{"class":95},[62,39910,508],{"class":99},[62,39912,103],{"class":95},[62,39914,2661],{"class":99},[62,39916,114],{"class":95},[62,39918,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943,39945,39947],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,39920,128],{"class":127},[62,39922,131],{"class":95},[62,39924,8276],{"class":430},[62,39926,131],{"class":95},[62,39928,37763],{"class":127},[62,39930,131],{"class":95},[62,39932,37820],{"class":2276},[62,39934,37824],{"class":37823},[62,39936,267],{"class":95},[62,39938,4079],{"class":139},[62,39940,4451],{"class":72},[62,39942,284],{"class":99},[62,39944,103],{"class":95},[62,39946,4462],{"class":139},[62,39948,3115],{"class":95},[14,39950,2282],{},[53,39952,39954],{"className":55,"code":39953,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[3, 4]\n",[18,39955,39956],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39957,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39959,948],{"class":95},[62,39961,2273],{"class":99},[62,39963,103],{"class":95},[62,39965,2661],{"class":99},[62,39967,114],{"class":95},[14,39969,39885,39970,267],{},[18,39971,39870],{},[53,39973,39975],{"className":55,"code":39974,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39976,39977,40001],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,39978,39979,39981,39983,39985,39987,39989,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,39980,225],{"class":68},[62,39982,73],{"class":72},[62,39984,96],{"class":95},[62,39986,499],{"class":99},[62,39988,103],{"class":95},[62,39990,284],{"class":99},[62,39992,103],{"class":95},[62,39994,508],{"class":99},[62,39996,103],{"class":95},[62,39998,2661],{"class":99},[62,40000,114],{"class":95},[62,40002,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40027,40029,40031,40033],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40004,128],{"class":127},[62,40006,131],{"class":95},[62,40008,8276],{"class":430},[62,40010,131],{"class":95},[62,40012,40013],{"class":127},"map",[62,40015,131],{"class":95},[62,40017,37820],{"class":2276},[62,40019,37824],{"class":37823},[62,40021,267],{"class":95},[62,40023,4079],{"class":139},[62,40025,40026],{"class":72},"*",[62,40028,284],{"class":99},[62,40030,103],{"class":95},[62,40032,4462],{"class":139},[62,40034,3115],{"class":95},[14,40036,2282],{},[53,40038,40040],{"className":55,"code":40039,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,40041,40042],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40043,40044,40046,40048,40050,40052,40054,40056,40058,40060],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40045,948],{"class":95},[62,40047,1935],{"class":99},[62,40049,103],{"class":95},[62,40051,2661],{"class":99},[62,40053,103],{"class":95},[62,40055,304],{"class":99},[62,40057,103],{"class":95},[62,40059,1409],{"class":99},[62,40061,114],{"class":95},[14,40063,40064,40065,409],{},"For the related function, see ",[262,40066,3779,40068,3712],{"href":40067},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,40069,39870],{},[48,40071,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,40073,12875,40075,40077],{"id":40074},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,40076,37738],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40079,40080,40081,40083],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,40082,24941],{}," if needed.",[1256,40085,40087,40088,40090],{"id":40086},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,40089,37738],{}," need to return?",[14,40092,38043,40093,40095,40096,40098],{},[18,40094,3808],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,40097,2098],{}," to remove it.",[1256,40100,28489,40102,40104],{"id":40101},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,40103,37738],{}," without lambda?",[14,40106,40107],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1256,40109,5340,40111,40114],{"id":40110},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,40112,40113],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40116,40117,40118,40120,40121,404,40123,409],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,40119,665],{},", empty strings, ",[18,40122,1548],{},[18,40124,2098],{},[1256,40126,21583,40128,40130],{"id":40127},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,40129,37738],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40132,40133,40134,40136],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,40135,6154],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40138,40139],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[29,40141,40142,40148,40154],{},[32,40143,40144,40145,40147],{},"use ",[18,40146,37738],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[32,40149,40150,40151,40153],{},"use a ",[18,40152,6154],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[32,40155,40156],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40158,40159,40160,409],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[262,40161,5330],{"href":40162},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[48,40164,2109],{"id":2108},[29,40166,40167,40172,40176,40181,40187],{},[32,40168,40169],{},[262,40170,40171],{"href":38607},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[32,40173,40174],{},[262,40175,5420],{"href":40162},[32,40177,40178],{},[262,40179,40180],{"href":39336},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[32,40182,40183],{},[262,40184,3779,40185,3712],{"href":40067},[18,40186,39870],{},[32,40188,40189],{},[262,40190,5415],{"href":5782},[2145,40192,40193],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":40195},[40196,40197,40199,40203,40206,40208,40210,40212,40214,40224,40236],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":37870,"depth":87,"text":40198},"What filter() does",{"id":38004,"depth":87,"text":38005,"children":40200},[40201,40202],{"id":38021,"depth":117,"text":38021},{"id":3923,"depth":117,"text":3923},{"id":38175,"depth":87,"text":38176,"children":40204},[40205],{"id":38346,"depth":117,"text":38347},{"id":38459,"depth":87,"text":40207},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38611,"depth":87,"text":40209},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38773,"depth":87,"text":40211},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38953,"depth":87,"text":40213},"When to use filter()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":40215},[40216,40218,40220,40221,40222],{"id":39346,"depth":117,"text":40217},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39479,"depth":117,"text":40219},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39604,"depth":117,"text":39605},{"id":39789,"depth":117,"text":39790},{"id":39865,"depth":117,"text":40223},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":40225},[40226,40228,40230,40232,40234],{"id":40074,"depth":117,"text":40227},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40086,"depth":117,"text":40229},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40101,"depth":117,"text":40231},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40110,"depth":117,"text":40233},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40127,"depth":117,"text":40235},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37730,"description":40237},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40244,"title":40245,"body":40246,"description":42396,"extension":2174,"meta":42397,"navigation":120,"path":42398,"seo":42399,"stem":42400,"__hash__":42401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40247,"toc":42350},[40248,40251,40256,40262,40264,40315,40317,40336,40341,40345,40350,40353,40368,40371,40393,40395,40444,40446,40470,40472,40474,40489,40494,40502,40517,40519,40528,40531,40566,40570,40575,40579,40586,40621,40623,40639,40643,40646,40687,40689,40703,40707,40710,40734,40736,40745,40749,40752,40785,40787,40800,40804,40810,40829,40831,40839,40843,40848,40852,40858,40881,40883,40912,40915,40934,40938,40941,40968,40970,41004,41008,41011,41035,41039,41050,41052,41057,41063,41065,41149,41151,41193,41196,41198,41205,41214,41270,41277,41286,41291,41295,41366,41368,41377,41381,41384,41428,41430,41439,41443,41449,41499,41503,41508,41512,41536,41538,41547,41551,41575,41577,41588,41592,41616,41618,41627,41630,41647,41653,41657,41663,41666,41671,41674,41695,41697,41729,41732,41737,41739,41750,41752,41796,41800,41807,41859,41861,41870,41874,41877,41970,41973,41997,42001,42004,42096,42101,42105,42112,42117,42141,42143,42152,42157,42180,42182,42190,42197,42220,42228,42230,42243,42253,42255,42259,42266,42270,42279,42283,42290,42294,42298,42302,42315,42317,42347],[10,40249,40245],{"id":40250},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40252,16,40253,40255],{},[18,40254,3087],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40257,40258,40259,40261],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,40260,3087],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[48,40263,51],{"id":50},[53,40265,40267],{"className":55,"code":40266,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,40268,40269,40283,40301],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40270,40271,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40272,128],{"class":127},[62,40274,131],{"class":95},[62,40276,2025],{"class":430},[62,40278,131],{"class":95},[62,40280,299],{"class":99},[62,40282,1013],{"class":95},[62,40284,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40286,128],{"class":127},[62,40288,131],{"class":95},[62,40290,2025],{"class":430},[62,40292,131],{"class":95},[62,40294,259],{"class":76},[62,40296,1596],{"class":80},[62,40298,259],{"class":76},[62,40300,1013],{"class":95},[62,40302,40303,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,40304,128],{"class":127},[62,40306,131],{"class":95},[62,40308,2025],{"class":430},[62,40310,131],{"class":95},[62,40312,3808],{"class":1618},[62,40314,1013],{"class":95},[14,40316,2282],{},[53,40318,40320],{"className":55,"code":40319,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,40321,40322,40326,40331],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40323,40324],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40325,2683],{"class":99},[62,40327,40328],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40329,40330],{"class":99},"3.14\n",[62,40332,40333],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,40334,40335],{"class":99},"1.0\n",[14,40337,169,40338,40340],{},[18,40339,3087],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[48,40342,40344],{"id":40343},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40346,40347,40349],{},[18,40348,3087],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40351,40352],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[29,40354,40355,40359,40363],{},[32,40356,40357],{},[18,40358,2695],{},[32,40360,40361],{},[18,40362,1596],{},[32,40364,40365],{},[18,40366,40367],{},"0.5",[14,40369,40370],{},"A few key points:",[29,40372,40373,40380,40383,40386],{},[32,40374,40375,40377,40378],{},[18,40376,3087],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,40379,2025],{},[32,40381,40382],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[32,40384,40385],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[32,40387,40388,40389],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[262,40390,40391],{"href":8401},[18,40392,3161],{},[14,40394,201],{},[53,40396,40398],{"className":55,"code":40397,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40399,40400,40420,40430],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40401,40402,40404,40406,40409,40411,40413,40416,40418],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40403,2422],{"class":68},[62,40405,73],{"class":72},[62,40407,40408],{"class":430}," float",[62,40410,131],{"class":95},[62,40412,259],{"class":76},[62,40414,40415],{"class":80},"2.75",[62,40417,259],{"class":76},[62,40419,434],{"class":95},[62,40421,40422,40424,40426,40428],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40423,128],{"class":127},[62,40425,131],{"class":95},[62,40427,2445],{"class":139},[62,40429,434],{"class":95},[62,40431,40432,40434,40436,40438,40440,40442],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,40433,128],{"class":127},[62,40435,131],{"class":95},[62,40437,1690],{"class":430},[62,40439,131],{"class":95},[62,40441,2445],{"class":139},[62,40443,1013],{"class":95},[14,40445,2282],{},[53,40447,40449],{"className":55,"code":40448,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40450,40451,40456],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40452,40453],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40454,40455],{"class":99},"2.75\n",[62,40457,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40459,3492],{"class":72},[62,40461,3495],{"class":2276},[62,40463,3498],{"class":76},[62,40465,2025],{"class":80},[62,40467,3503],{"class":76},[62,40469,3506],{"class":72},[48,40471,413],{"id":412},[14,40473,7409],{},[53,40475,40477],{"className":55,"code":40476,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"float(value)\n",[18,40478,40479],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40480,40481,40483,40485,40487],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40482,2025],{"class":430},[62,40484,131],{"class":95},[62,40486,1632],{"class":139},[62,40488,434],{"class":95},[14,40490,40491,40492,409],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,40493,3087],{},[14,40495,40496,40497,40499,40500,267],{},"If you call ",[18,40498,3087],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,40501,3972],{},[53,40503,40505],{"className":55,"code":40504,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float())\n",[18,40506,40507],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40508,40509,40511,40513,40515],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40510,128],{"class":127},[62,40512,131],{"class":95},[62,40514,2025],{"class":430},[62,40516,7385],{"class":95},[14,40518,2282],{},[53,40520,40522],{"className":55,"code":40521,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"0.0\n",[18,40523,40524],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40525,40526],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40527,40521],{"class":99},[14,40529,40530],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[53,40532,40534],{"className":55,"code":40533,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,40535,40536,40556],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40537,40538,40541,40543,40545,40547,40549,40552,40554],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40539,40540],{"class":68},"price ",[62,40542,73],{"class":72},[62,40544,40408],{"class":430},[62,40546,131],{"class":95},[62,40548,259],{"class":76},[62,40550,40551],{"class":80},"19.99",[62,40553,259],{"class":76},[62,40555,434],{"class":95},[62,40557,40558,40560,40562,40564],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40559,128],{"class":127},[62,40561,131],{"class":95},[62,40563,25310],{"class":139},[62,40565,434],{"class":95},[48,40567,40569],{"id":40568},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40571,40572,40574],{},[18,40573,3087],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1256,40576,40578],{"id":40577},"integers","Integers",[14,40580,40581,40582,40585],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,40583,40584],{},".0"," added:",[53,40587,40589],{"className":55,"code":40588,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,40590,40591,40605],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40592,40593,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40594,128],{"class":127},[62,40596,131],{"class":95},[62,40598,2025],{"class":430},[62,40600,131],{"class":95},[62,40602,299],{"class":99},[62,40604,1013],{"class":95},[62,40606,40607,40609,40611,40613,40615,40617,40619],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40608,128],{"class":127},[62,40610,131],{"class":95},[62,40612,2025],{"class":430},[62,40614,131],{"class":95},[62,40616,2233],{"class":72},[62,40618,1935],{"class":99},[62,40620,1013],{"class":95},[14,40622,2282],{},[53,40624,40626],{"className":55,"code":40625,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,40627,40628,40632],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40629,40630],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40631,2683],{"class":99},[62,40633,40634,40636],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40635,2233],{"class":72},[62,40637,40638],{"class":99},"2.0\n",[1256,40640,40642],{"id":40641},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40644,40645],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[53,40647,40649],{"className":55,"code":40648,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,40650,40651,40669],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40652,40653,40655,40657,40659,40661,40663,40665,40667],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40654,128],{"class":127},[62,40656,131],{"class":95},[62,40658,2025],{"class":430},[62,40660,131],{"class":95},[62,40662,259],{"class":76},[62,40664,1596],{"class":80},[62,40666,259],{"class":76},[62,40668,1013],{"class":95},[62,40670,40671,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683,40685],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40672,128],{"class":127},[62,40674,131],{"class":95},[62,40676,2025],{"class":430},[62,40678,131],{"class":95},[62,40680,259],{"class":76},[62,40682,100],{"class":80},[62,40684,259],{"class":76},[62,40686,1013],{"class":95},[14,40688,2282],{},[53,40690,40692],{"className":55,"code":40691,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,40693,40694,40698],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40695,40696],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40697,40330],{"class":99},[62,40699,40700],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40701,40702],{"class":99},"10.0\n",[1256,40704,40706],{"id":40705},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40708,40709],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[53,40711,40713],{"className":55,"code":40712,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,40714,40715],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40716,40717,40719,40721,40723,40725,40727,40730,40732],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40718,128],{"class":127},[62,40720,131],{"class":95},[62,40722,2025],{"class":430},[62,40724,131],{"class":95},[62,40726,259],{"class":76},[62,40728,40729],{"class":80},"  8.5  ",[62,40731,259],{"class":76},[62,40733,1013],{"class":95},[14,40735,2282],{},[53,40737,40739],{"className":55,"code":40738,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"8.5\n",[18,40740,40741],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40742,40743],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40744,40738],{"class":99},[1256,40746,40748],{"id":40747},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40750,40751],{},"Boolean values also work:",[53,40753,40755],{"className":55,"code":40754,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,40756,40757,40771],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40758,40759,40761,40763,40765,40767,40769],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40760,128],{"class":127},[62,40762,131],{"class":95},[62,40764,2025],{"class":430},[62,40766,131],{"class":95},[62,40768,3808],{"class":1618},[62,40770,1013],{"class":95},[62,40772,40773,40775,40777,40779,40781,40783],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40774,128],{"class":127},[62,40776,131],{"class":95},[62,40778,2025],{"class":430},[62,40780,131],{"class":95},[62,40782,2098],{"class":1618},[62,40784,1013],{"class":95},[14,40786,2282],{},[53,40788,40790],{"className":55,"code":40789,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40791,40792,40796],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40793,40794],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40795,40335],{"class":99},[62,40797,40798],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,40799,40521],{"class":99},[1256,40801,40803],{"id":40802},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40805,40806,40807,40809],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40808,3087],{}," returns a float version of it:",[53,40811,40813],{"className":55,"code":40812,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40814,40815],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40816,40817,40819,40821,40823,40825,40827],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40818,128],{"class":127},[62,40820,131],{"class":95},[62,40822,2025],{"class":430},[62,40824,131],{"class":95},[62,40826,2567],{"class":99},[62,40828,1013],{"class":95},[14,40830,2282],{},[53,40832,40833],{"className":55,"code":2591,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,40834,40835],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40836,40837],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40838,2591],{"class":99},[48,40840,40842],{"id":40841},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40844,40845,40846,409],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40847,3087],{},[1256,40849,40851],{"id":40850},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40853,40854,40855,267],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40856,40857],{},"ValueError",[53,40859,40861],{"className":55,"code":40860,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40862,40863],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40864,40865,40867,40869,40871,40873,40875,40877,40879],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40866,128],{"class":127},[62,40868,131],{"class":95},[62,40870,2025],{"class":430},[62,40872,131],{"class":95},[62,40874,259],{"class":76},[62,40876,81],{"class":80},[62,40878,259],{"class":76},[62,40880,1013],{"class":95},[14,40882,29842],{},[53,40884,40886],{"className":55,"code":40885,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,40887,40888],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40889,40890,40892,40894,40897,40899,40902,40904,40906,40908,40910],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40891,40857],{"class":430},[62,40893,267],{"class":95},[62,40895,40896],{"class":68}," could ",[62,40898,4830],{"class":72},[62,40900,40901],{"class":68}," convert string to ",[62,40903,2025],{"class":430},[62,40905,267],{"class":95},[62,40907,3498],{"class":76},[62,40909,81],{"class":80},[62,40911,29861],{"class":76},[14,40913,40914],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[53,40916,40918],{"className":55,"code":40917,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,40919,40920],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40921,40922,40924,40926,40928,40930,40932],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40923,128],{"class":127},[62,40925,131],{"class":95},[62,40927,2025],{"class":430},[62,40929,131],{"class":95},[62,40931,6467],{"class":76},[62,40933,1013],{"class":95},[1256,40935,40937],{"id":40936},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40939,40940],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[53,40942,40944],{"className":55,"code":40943,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,40945,40946],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40947,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958,40960,40962,40964,40966],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40949,128],{"class":127},[62,40951,131],{"class":95},[62,40953,2025],{"class":430},[62,40955,496],{"class":95},[62,40957,499],{"class":99},[62,40959,103],{"class":95},[62,40961,284],{"class":99},[62,40963,103],{"class":95},[62,40965,508],{"class":99},[62,40967,3201],{"class":95},[14,40969,29842],{},[53,40971,40973],{"className":55,"code":40972,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,40974,40975],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,40976,40977,40979,40981,40983,40985,40988,40991,40994,40996,40998,41000,41002],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,40978,1535],{"class":430},[62,40980,267],{"class":95},[62,40982,40408],{"class":430},[62,40984,7557],{"class":95},[62,40986,40987],{"class":68}," argument must be a string ",[62,40989,40990],{"class":72},"or",[62,40992,40993],{"class":68}," a real number",[62,40995,103],{"class":95},[62,40997,1794],{"class":72},[62,40999,3498],{"class":76},[62,41001,8276],{"class":80},[62,41003,29861],{"class":76},[1256,41005,41007],{"id":41006},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41009,41010],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[53,41012,41014],{"className":55,"code":41013,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,41015,41016],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41017,41018,41020,41022,41024,41026,41028,41031,41033],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41019,128],{"class":127},[62,41021,131],{"class":95},[62,41023,2025],{"class":430},[62,41025,131],{"class":95},[62,41027,259],{"class":76},[62,41029,41030],{"class":80},"3,14",[62,41032,259],{"class":76},[62,41034,1013],{"class":95},[14,41036,3204,41037,409],{},[18,41038,40857],{},[14,41040,41041,41042,1940,41046,409],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[262,41043,41045],{"href":41044},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[262,41047,41049],{"href":41048},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[48,41051,17584],{"id":17583},[14,41053,41054,41056],{},[18,41055,3087],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41058,41059,41060,41062],{},"It does ",[3946,41061,4830],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41064,201],{},[53,41066,41068],{"className":55,"code":41067,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,41069,41070,41083,41097,41101,41111,41121,41135],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41071,41072,41074,41076,41078,41081],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41073,69],{"class":68},[62,41075,73],{"class":72},[62,41077,77],{"class":76},[62,41079,41080],{"class":80},"6.5",[62,41082,84],{"class":76},[62,41084,41085,41087,41089,41091,41093,41095],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41086,2422],{"class":68},[62,41088,73],{"class":72},[62,41090,40408],{"class":430},[62,41092,131],{"class":95},[62,41094,140],{"class":139},[62,41096,434],{"class":95},[62,41098,41099],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,41100,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,41102,41103,41105,41107,41109],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,41104,128],{"class":127},[62,41106,131],{"class":95},[62,41108,140],{"class":139},[62,41110,434],{"class":95},[62,41112,41113,41115,41117,41119],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,41114,128],{"class":127},[62,41116,131],{"class":95},[62,41118,2445],{"class":139},[62,41120,434],{"class":95},[62,41122,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,41124,128],{"class":127},[62,41126,131],{"class":95},[62,41128,1690],{"class":430},[62,41130,131],{"class":95},[62,41132,140],{"class":139},[62,41134,1013],{"class":95},[62,41136,41137,41139,41141,41143,41145,41147],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,41138,128],{"class":127},[62,41140,131],{"class":95},[62,41142,1690],{"class":430},[62,41144,131],{"class":95},[62,41146,2445],{"class":139},[62,41148,1013],{"class":95},[14,41150,2282],{},[53,41152,41154],{"className":55,"code":41153,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,41155,41156,41161,41165,41179],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41157,41158],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41159,41160],{"class":99},"6.5\n",[62,41162,41163],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41164,41160],{"class":99},[62,41166,41167,41169,41171,41173,41175,41177],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,41168,3492],{"class":72},[62,41170,3495],{"class":2276},[62,41172,3498],{"class":76},[62,41174,3646],{"class":80},[62,41176,3503],{"class":76},[62,41178,3506],{"class":72},[62,41180,41181,41183,41185,41187,41189,41191],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,41182,3492],{"class":72},[62,41184,3495],{"class":2276},[62,41186,3498],{"class":76},[62,41188,2025],{"class":80},[62,41190,3503],{"class":76},[62,41192,3506],{"class":72},[14,41194,41195],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[48,41197,1249],{"id":1248},[1256,41199,41201,41202,41204],{"id":41200},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,41203,3161],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41206,2191,41207,41211,41212,409],{},[262,41208,41209,2508],{"href":8401},[18,41210,3161],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,41213,3087],{},[53,41215,41217],{"className":55,"code":41216,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,41218,41219,41238,41252,41256],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41220,41221,41223,41225,41227,41229,41231,41234,41236],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41222,8419],{"class":68},[62,41224,73],{"class":72},[62,41226,1329],{"class":127},[62,41228,131],{"class":95},[62,41230,259],{"class":76},[62,41232,41233],{"class":80},"Enter a price: ",[62,41235,259],{"class":76},[62,41237,434],{"class":95},[62,41239,41240,41242,41244,41246,41248,41250],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41241,40540],{"class":68},[62,41243,73],{"class":72},[62,41245,40408],{"class":430},[62,41247,131],{"class":95},[62,41249,8447],{"class":139},[62,41251,434],{"class":95},[62,41253,41254],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,41255,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,41257,41258,41260,41262,41264,41266,41268],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,41259,128],{"class":127},[62,41261,131],{"class":95},[62,41263,40540],{"class":139},[62,41265,40026],{"class":72},[62,41267,284],{"class":99},[62,41269,434],{"class":95},[14,41271,41272,41273,41276],{},"If the user enters ",[18,41274,41275],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[53,41278,41280],{"className":55,"code":41279,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"9.0\n",[18,41281,41282],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41283,41284],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41285,41279],{"class":99},[14,41287,41288,41289,409],{},"For more help with this, see ",[262,41290,9161],{"href":9160},[1256,41292,41294],{"id":41293},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[53,41296,41298],{"className":55,"code":41297,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,41299,41300,41313,41326,41330,41355],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41301,41302,41304,41306,41308,41311],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41303,2758],{"class":68},[62,41305,73],{"class":72},[62,41307,77],{"class":76},[62,41309,41310],{"class":80},"2.5",[62,41312,84],{"class":76},[62,41314,41315,41317,41319,41321,41324],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41316,2786],{"class":68},[62,41318,73],{"class":72},[62,41320,77],{"class":76},[62,41322,41323],{"class":80},"1.5",[62,41325,84],{"class":76},[62,41327,41328],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,41329,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,41331,41332,41335,41337,41339,41341,41343,41345,41347,41349,41351,41353],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,41333,41334],{"class":68},"total ",[62,41336,73],{"class":72},[62,41338,40408],{"class":430},[62,41340,131],{"class":95},[62,41342,262],{"class":139},[62,41344,741],{"class":95},[62,41346,2658],{"class":72},[62,41348,40408],{"class":430},[62,41350,131],{"class":95},[62,41352,277],{"class":139},[62,41354,434],{"class":95},[62,41356,41357,41359,41361,41364],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,41358,128],{"class":127},[62,41360,131],{"class":95},[62,41362,41363],{"class":139},"total",[62,41365,434],{"class":95},[14,41367,2282],{},[53,41369,41371],{"className":55,"code":41370,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"4.0\n",[18,41372,41373],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41374,41375],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41376,41370],{"class":99},[1256,41378,41380],{"id":41379},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41382,41383],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[53,41385,41387],{"className":55,"code":41386,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,41388,41389,41399,41414,41418],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41390,41391,41394,41396],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41392,41393],{"class":68},"count ",[62,41395,73],{"class":72},[62,41397,41398],{"class":99}," 7\n",[62,41400,41401,41403,41405,41407,41409,41412],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41402,2435],{"class":68},[62,41404,73],{"class":72},[62,41406,40408],{"class":430},[62,41408,131],{"class":95},[62,41410,41411],{"class":139},"count",[62,41413,434],{"class":95},[62,41415,41416],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,41417,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,41419,41420,41422,41424,41426],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,41421,128],{"class":127},[62,41423,131],{"class":95},[62,41425,2470],{"class":139},[62,41427,434],{"class":95},[14,41429,2282],{},[53,41431,41433],{"className":55,"code":41432,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"7.0\n",[18,41434,41435],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41436,41437],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41438,41432],{"class":99},[1256,41440,41442],{"id":41441},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41444,41445,41446,41448],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,41447,3087],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[53,41450,41452],{"className":55,"code":41451,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,41453,41454,41468,41484,41488],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41455,41456,41459,41461,41463,41466],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41457,41458],{"class":68},"temperature_text ",[62,41460,73],{"class":72},[62,41462,77],{"class":76},[62,41464,41465],{"class":80},"21.8",[62,41467,84],{"class":76},[62,41469,41470,41473,41475,41477,41479,41482],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41471,41472],{"class":68},"temperature ",[62,41474,73],{"class":72},[62,41476,40408],{"class":430},[62,41478,131],{"class":95},[62,41480,41481],{"class":139},"temperature_text",[62,41483,434],{"class":95},[62,41485,41486],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,41487,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,41489,41490,41492,41494,41497],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,41491,128],{"class":127},[62,41493,131],{"class":95},[62,41495,41496],{"class":139},"temperature",[62,41498,434],{"class":95},[48,41500,41502],{"id":41501},"special-values","Special values",[14,41504,41505,41507],{},[18,41506,3087],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1256,41509,41511],{"id":41510},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[53,41513,41515],{"className":55,"code":41514,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,41516,41517],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41518,41519,41521,41523,41525,41527,41529,41532,41534],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41520,128],{"class":127},[62,41522,131],{"class":95},[62,41524,2025],{"class":430},[62,41526,131],{"class":95},[62,41528,259],{"class":76},[62,41530,41531],{"class":80},"inf",[62,41533,259],{"class":76},[62,41535,1013],{"class":95},[14,41537,2282],{},[53,41539,41541],{"className":55,"code":41540,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"inf\n",[18,41542,41543],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41544,41545],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41546,41540],{"class":68},[1256,41548,41550],{"id":41549},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[53,41552,41554],{"className":55,"code":41553,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,41555,41556],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41557,41558,41560,41562,41564,41566,41568,41571,41573],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41559,128],{"class":127},[62,41561,131],{"class":95},[62,41563,2025],{"class":430},[62,41565,131],{"class":95},[62,41567,259],{"class":76},[62,41569,41570],{"class":80},"-inf",[62,41572,259],{"class":76},[62,41574,1013],{"class":95},[14,41576,2282],{},[53,41578,41580],{"className":55,"code":41579,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"-inf\n",[18,41581,41582],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41583,41584,41586],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41585,2233],{"class":72},[62,41587,41540],{"class":68},[1256,41589,41591],{"id":41590},"not-a-number","Not a number",[53,41593,41595],{"className":55,"code":41594,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,41596,41597],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41598,41599,41601,41603,41605,41607,41609,41612,41614],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41600,128],{"class":127},[62,41602,131],{"class":95},[62,41604,2025],{"class":430},[62,41606,131],{"class":95},[62,41608,259],{"class":76},[62,41610,41611],{"class":80},"nan",[62,41613,259],{"class":76},[62,41615,1013],{"class":95},[14,41617,2282],{},[53,41619,41621],{"className":55,"code":41620,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"nan\n",[18,41622,41623],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41624,41625],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41626,41620],{"class":68},[14,41628,41629],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[29,41631,41632,41637,41642],{},[32,41633,41634,41636],{},[18,41635,41531],{}," means positive infinity",[32,41638,41639,41641],{},[18,41640,41570],{}," means negative infinity",[32,41643,41644,41646],{},[18,41645,41611],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41648,41649,41650,41652],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,41651,3087],{}," accepts them.",[48,41654,41656],{"id":41655},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41658,41659,41660,41662],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,41661,3087],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1256,41664,40857],{"id":41665},"valueerror",[14,41667,15356,41668,41670],{},[18,41669,40857],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41672,41673],{},"Common causes:",[29,41675,41676,41682,41685,41688],{},[32,41677,41678,41679],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,41680,41681],{},"\"abc\"",[32,41683,41684],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[32,41686,41687],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[32,41689,4904,41690],{},[262,41691,41692,41694],{"href":8401},[18,41693,3161],{}," returns a string",[14,41696,201],{},[53,41698,41700],{"className":55,"code":41699,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41701,41702,41715],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41703,41704,41706,41708,41710,41713],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41705,1613],{"class":68},[62,41707,73],{"class":72},[62,41709,77],{"class":76},[62,41711,41712],{"class":80},"abc",[62,41714,84],{"class":76},[62,41716,41717,41719,41721,41723,41725,41727],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41718,128],{"class":127},[62,41720,131],{"class":95},[62,41722,2025],{"class":430},[62,41724,131],{"class":95},[62,41726,1632],{"class":139},[62,41728,1013],{"class":95},[1256,41730,1535],{"id":41731},"typeerror",[14,41733,15356,41734,41736],{},[18,41735,1535],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41738,41673],{},[29,41740,41741,41744,41747],{},[32,41742,41743],{},"Passing a list",[32,41745,41746],{},"Passing a dictionary",[32,41748,41749],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41751,201],{},[53,41753,41755],{"className":55,"code":41754,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41756,41757,41782],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41758,41759,41761,41763,41765,41767,41769,41771,41773,41775,41778,41780],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41760,1613],{"class":68},[62,41762,73],{"class":72},[62,41764,256],{"class":95},[62,41766,259],{"class":76},[62,41768,25310],{"class":80},[62,41770,259],{"class":76},[62,41772,267],{"class":95},[62,41774,77],{"class":76},[62,41776,41777],{"class":80},"9.99",[62,41779,259],{"class":76},[62,41781,287],{"class":95},[62,41783,41784,41786,41788,41790,41792,41794],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41785,128],{"class":127},[62,41787,131],{"class":95},[62,41789,2025],{"class":430},[62,41791,131],{"class":95},[62,41793,1632],{"class":139},[62,41795,1013],{"class":95},[1256,41797,41799],{"id":41798},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41801,41802,41803,41806],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41804,41805],{},"strip()"," can help:",[53,41808,41810],{"className":55,"code":41809,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41811,41812,41825,41840,41844],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41813,41814,41816,41818,41820,41823],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41815,1613],{"class":68},[62,41817,73],{"class":72},[62,41819,77],{"class":76},[62,41821,41822],{"class":80},"  7.25  ",[62,41824,84],{"class":76},[62,41826,41827,41830,41832,41834,41836,41838],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41828,41829],{"class":68},"clean_value ",[62,41831,73],{"class":72},[62,41833,8612],{"class":68},[62,41835,409],{"class":95},[62,41837,8813],{"class":139},[62,41839,8822],{"class":95},[62,41841,41842],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,41843,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,41845,41846,41848,41850,41852,41854,41857],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,41847,128],{"class":127},[62,41849,131],{"class":95},[62,41851,2025],{"class":430},[62,41853,131],{"class":95},[62,41855,41856],{"class":139},"clean_value",[62,41858,1013],{"class":95},[14,41860,2282],{},[53,41862,41864],{"className":55,"code":41863,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"7.25\n",[18,41865,41866],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41867,41868],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41869,41863],{"class":99},[1256,41871,41873],{"id":41872},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41875,41876],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[53,41878,41880],{"className":55,"code":41879,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41881,41882,41895,41899,41909,41923,41938,41942,41956],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,41883,41884,41886,41888,41890,41893],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,41885,1613],{"class":68},[62,41887,73],{"class":72},[62,41889,77],{"class":76},[62,41891,41892],{"class":80}," 3.5 ",[62,41894,84],{"class":76},[62,41896,41897],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,41898,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,41900,41901,41903,41905,41907],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,41902,128],{"class":127},[62,41904,131],{"class":95},[62,41906,1632],{"class":139},[62,41908,434],{"class":95},[62,41910,41911,41913,41915,41917,41919,41921],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,41912,128],{"class":127},[62,41914,131],{"class":95},[62,41916,1690],{"class":430},[62,41918,131],{"class":95},[62,41920,1632],{"class":139},[62,41922,1013],{"class":95},[62,41924,41925,41927,41929,41932,41934,41936],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,41926,128],{"class":127},[62,41928,131],{"class":95},[62,41930,41931],{"class":127},"repr",[62,41933,131],{"class":95},[62,41935,1632],{"class":139},[62,41937,1013],{"class":95},[62,41939,41940],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,41941,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,41943,41944,41946,41948,41950,41952,41954],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,41945,41829],{"class":68},[62,41947,73],{"class":72},[62,41949,8612],{"class":68},[62,41951,409],{"class":95},[62,41953,8813],{"class":139},[62,41955,8822],{"class":95},[62,41957,41958,41960,41962,41964,41966,41968],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,41959,128],{"class":127},[62,41961,131],{"class":95},[62,41963,2025],{"class":430},[62,41965,131],{"class":95},[62,41967,41856],{"class":139},[62,41969,1013],{"class":95},[14,41971,41972],{},"Why this helps:",[29,41974,41975,41981,41986,41992],{},[32,41976,41977,41980],{},[18,41978,41979],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[32,41982,41983,21530],{},[18,41984,41985],{},"print(type(value))",[32,41987,41988,41991],{},[18,41989,41990],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[32,41993,41994,41996],{},[18,41995,41805],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1256,41998,42000],{"id":41999},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42002,42003],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[53,42005,42007],{"className":55,"code":42006,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,42008,42009,42028,42032,42038,42053,42072,42081],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42010,42011,42013,42015,42017,42019,42021,42024,42026],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42012,1613],{"class":68},[62,42014,73],{"class":72},[62,42016,1329],{"class":127},[62,42018,131],{"class":95},[62,42020,259],{"class":76},[62,42022,42023],{"class":80},"Enter a number: ",[62,42025,259],{"class":76},[62,42027,434],{"class":95},[62,42029,42030],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,42031,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,42033,42034,42036],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,42035,29965],{"class":729},[62,42037,749],{"class":95},[62,42039,42040,42043,42045,42047,42049,42051],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,42041,42042],{"class":68},"    number ",[62,42044,73],{"class":72},[62,42046,40408],{"class":430},[62,42048,131],{"class":95},[62,42050,1632],{"class":139},[62,42052,434],{"class":95},[62,42054,42055,42057,42059,42061,42064,42066,42068,42070],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,42056,754],{"class":127},[62,42058,131],{"class":95},[62,42060,259],{"class":76},[62,42062,42063],{"class":80},"Converted:",[62,42065,259],{"class":76},[62,42067,103],{"class":95},[62,42069,2402],{"class":139},[62,42071,434],{"class":95},[62,42073,42074,42076,42079],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,42075,29996],{"class":729},[62,42077,42078],{"class":430}," ValueError",[62,42080,749],{"class":95},[62,42082,42083,42085,42087,42089,42092,42094],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,42084,754],{"class":127},[62,42086,131],{"class":95},[62,42088,259],{"class":76},[62,42090,42091],{"class":80},"That is not a valid number.",[62,42093,259],{"class":76},[62,42095,434],{"class":95},[14,42097,42098,42099,409],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[262,42100,41049],{"href":41048},[48,42102,42104],{"id":42103},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42106,10761,42107,1940,42109,42111],{},[18,42108,3087],{},[18,42110,3081],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42113,42114,42116],{},[18,42115,3087],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[53,42118,42120],{"className":55,"code":42119,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42121,42122],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42123,42124,42126,42128,42130,42132,42134,42137,42139],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42125,128],{"class":127},[62,42127,131],{"class":95},[62,42129,2025],{"class":430},[62,42131,131],{"class":95},[62,42133,259],{"class":76},[62,42135,42136],{"class":80},"3.9",[62,42138,259],{"class":76},[62,42140,1013],{"class":95},[14,42142,2282],{},[53,42144,42146],{"className":55,"code":42145,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3.9\n",[18,42147,42148],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42149,42150],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42151,42145],{"class":99},[14,42153,42154,42156],{},[18,42155,3081],{}," creates whole numbers:",[53,42158,42160],{"className":55,"code":42159,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,42161,42162],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42163,42164,42166,42168,42170,42172,42174,42176,42178],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42165,128],{"class":127},[62,42167,131],{"class":95},[62,42169,2021],{"class":430},[62,42171,131],{"class":95},[62,42173,259],{"class":76},[62,42175,100],{"class":80},[62,42177,259],{"class":76},[62,42179,1013],{"class":95},[14,42181,2282],{},[53,42183,42184],{"className":55,"code":2581,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,42185,42186],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42187,42188],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42189,2581],{"class":99},[14,42191,42192,42193,42196],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,42194,42195],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[53,42198,42200],{"className":55,"code":42199,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42201,42202],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42203,42204,42206,42208,42210,42212,42214,42216,42218],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42205,128],{"class":127},[62,42207,131],{"class":95},[62,42209,2021],{"class":430},[62,42211,131],{"class":95},[62,42213,259],{"class":76},[62,42215,42136],{"class":80},[62,42217,259],{"class":76},[62,42219,1013],{"class":95},[14,42221,3204,42222,8780,42224,42227],{},[18,42223,40857],{},[18,42225,42226],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42229,10884],{},[29,42231,42232,42238],{},[32,42233,42234,42237],{},[18,42235,42236],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[32,42239,42240,42242],{},[18,42241,42195],{}," fails",[14,42244,42245,42246,42249,42250,42252],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[262,42247,42248],{"href":3078},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[262,42251,2625],{"href":2624}," helpful.",[48,42254,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,42256,42258],{"id":42257},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42260,42261,42262,2022,42264,409],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,42263,2695],{},[18,42265,1596],{},[1256,42267,42269],{"id":42268},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42271,42272,42273,2022,42276,409],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,42274,42275],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,42277,42278],{},"\"10\"",[1256,42280,42282],{"id":42281},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42284,29222,42285,42287,42288,409],{},[18,42286,41681],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,42289,40857],{},[1256,42291,42293],{"id":42292},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42295,5346,42296,409],{},[18,42297,3972],{},[1256,42299,42301],{"id":42300},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42303,42304,42305,42307,42308,1940,42311,42307,42313,409],{},"Yes. ",[18,42306,3808],{}," becomes ",[18,42309,42310],{},"1.0",[18,42312,2098],{},[18,42314,3972],{},[48,42316,2109],{"id":2108},[29,42318,42319,42323,42329,42334,42338,42342],{},[32,42320,42321],{},[262,42322,42248],{"href":3078},[32,42324,42325],{},[262,42326,42328],{"href":42327},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[32,42330,42331],{},[262,42332,42333],{"href":41044},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[32,42335,42336],{},[262,42337,9238],{"href":9160},[32,42339,42340],{},[262,42341,41049],{"href":41048},[32,42343,42344],{},[262,42345,42346],{"href":8401},"Python input() Function Explained",[2145,42348,42349],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":42351},[42352,42353,42354,42355,42362,42367,42368,42375,42380,42387,42388,42395],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":40343,"depth":87,"text":40344},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":40568,"depth":87,"text":40569,"children":42356},[42357,42358,42359,42360,42361],{"id":40577,"depth":117,"text":40578},{"id":40641,"depth":117,"text":40642},{"id":40705,"depth":117,"text":40706},{"id":40747,"depth":117,"text":40748},{"id":40802,"depth":117,"text":40803},{"id":40841,"depth":87,"text":40842,"children":42363},[42364,42365,42366],{"id":40850,"depth":117,"text":40851},{"id":40936,"depth":117,"text":40937},{"id":41006,"depth":117,"text":41007},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":1248,"depth":87,"text":1249,"children":42369},[42370,42372,42373,42374],{"id":41200,"depth":117,"text":42371},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41293,"depth":117,"text":41294},{"id":41379,"depth":117,"text":41380},{"id":41441,"depth":117,"text":41442},{"id":41501,"depth":87,"text":41502,"children":42376},[42377,42378,42379],{"id":41510,"depth":117,"text":41511},{"id":41549,"depth":117,"text":41550},{"id":41590,"depth":117,"text":41591},{"id":41655,"depth":87,"text":41656,"children":42381},[42382,42383,42384,42385,42386],{"id":41665,"depth":117,"text":40857},{"id":41731,"depth":117,"text":1535},{"id":41798,"depth":117,"text":41799},{"id":41872,"depth":117,"text":41873},{"id":41999,"depth":117,"text":42000},{"id":42103,"depth":87,"text":42104},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":42389},[42390,42391,42392,42393,42394],{"id":42257,"depth":117,"text":42258},{"id":42268,"depth":117,"text":42269},{"id":42281,"depth":117,"text":42282},{"id":42292,"depth":117,"text":42293},{"id":42300,"depth":117,"text":42301},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40245,"description":42396},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42403,"title":42404,"body":42405,"description":43624,"extension":2174,"meta":43625,"navigation":120,"path":35186,"seo":43626,"stem":43627,"__hash__":43628},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42406,"toc":43590},[42407,42410,42415,42418,42420,42459,42473,42477,42482,42485,42502,42505,42514,42529,42532,42534,42537,42552,42555,42558,42578,42582,42593,42596,42600,42604,42618,42653,42657,42668,42703,42706,42708,42716,42749,42765,42767,42777,42798,42809,42811,42816,42819,42833,42835,42854,42857,42870,42873,42877,42881,42895,42898,42916,42919,42934,42938,42943,42957,42963,42965,43022,43024,43057,43060,43076,43080,43087,43091,43096,43099,43110,43114,43119,43134,43143,43148,43167,43170,43182,43184,43189,43199,43202,43231,43236,43245,43249,43254,43257,43261,43266,43268,43298,43301,43308,43313,43318,43322,43325,43333,43336,43414,43417,43439,43441,43445,43448,43452,43458,43521,43525,43533,43537,43540,43542,43567,43587],[10,42408,42404],{"id":42409},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42411,3786,42412,42414],{},[18,42413,35189],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42416,42417],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[48,42419,51],{"id":50},[53,42421,42423],{"className":55,"code":42422,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42424,42425,42435,42445],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42426,42427,42429,42431,42433],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42428,32314],{"class":127},[62,42430,131],{"class":95},[62,42432,134],{"class":127},[62,42434,434],{"class":95},[62,42436,42437,42439,42441,42443],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,42438,32314],{"class":127},[62,42440,131],{"class":95},[62,42442,3646],{"class":430},[62,42444,434],{"class":95},[62,42446,42447,42449,42451,42453,42455,42457],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,42448,32314],{"class":127},[62,42450,131],{"class":95},[62,42452,3503],{"class":76},[62,42454,34822],{"class":80},[62,42456,3503],{"class":76},[62,42458,434],{"class":95},[14,42460,169,42461,42463,42464,2022,42466,42468,42469,42472],{},[18,42462,35189],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42465,134],{},[18,42467,3646],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42470,42471],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[48,42474,42476],{"id":42475},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42478,42479,42481],{},[18,42480,35189],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42483,42484],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[29,42486,42487,42490,42493,42496,42499],{},[32,42488,42489],{},"Functions",[32,42491,42492],{},"Classes",[32,42494,42495],{},"Methods",[32,42497,42498],{},"Modules",[32,42500,42501],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42503,42504],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42506,42507,42508,42513],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[262,42509,42511],{"href":42510},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42512,20],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[53,42515,42517],{"className":55,"code":42516,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(len)\n",[18,42518,42519],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42520,42521,42523,42525,42527],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42522,32314],{"class":127},[62,42524,131],{"class":95},[62,42526,134],{"class":127},[62,42528,434],{"class":95},[14,42530,42531],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[48,42533,413],{"id":412},[14,42535,42536],{},"The main form is:",[53,42538,42540],{"className":55,"code":42539,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(object)\n",[18,42541,42542],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42543,42544,42546,42548,42550],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42545,32314],{"class":127},[62,42547,131],{"class":95},[62,42549,431],{"class":430},[62,42551,434],{"class":95},[14,42553,42554],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42556,42557],{},"Common examples include:",[29,42559,42560,42564,42569,42573],{},[32,42561,42562],{},[18,42563,134],{},[32,42565,42566],{},[18,42567,42568],{},"list.append",[32,42570,42571],{},[18,42572,3646],{},[32,42574,42575],{},[18,42576,42577],{},"open",[14,42579,7366,42580,7369],{},[18,42581,35189],{},[53,42583,42585],{"className":55,"code":42584,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help()\n",[18,42586,42587],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42588,42589,42591],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42590,32314],{"class":127},[62,42592,8822],{"class":95},[14,42594,42595],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[48,42597,42599],{"id":42598},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1256,42601,42603],{"id":42602},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42605,42606,42607,399,42609,399,42611,404,42614,409],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,42608,134],{},[18,42610,128],{},[18,42612,42613],{},"input",[262,42615,42616],{"href":1819},[18,42617,2507],{},[53,42619,42621],{"className":55,"code":42620,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,42622,42623,42633,42643],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42624,42625,42627,42629,42631],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42626,32314],{"class":127},[62,42628,131],{"class":95},[62,42630,128],{"class":127},[62,42632,434],{"class":95},[62,42634,42635,42637,42639,42641],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,42636,32314],{"class":127},[62,42638,131],{"class":95},[62,42640,42613],{"class":127},[62,42642,434],{"class":95},[62,42644,42645,42647,42649,42651],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,42646,32314],{"class":127},[62,42648,131],{"class":95},[62,42650,1690],{"class":430},[62,42652,434],{"class":95},[1256,42654,42656],{"id":42655},"data-types","Data types",[14,42658,42659,42660,399,42662,399,42664,404,42666,409],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42661,3646],{},[18,42663,8276],{},[18,42665,9001],{},[18,42667,6482],{},[53,42669,42671],{"className":55,"code":42670,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42672,42673,42683,42693],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42674,42675,42677,42679,42681],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42676,32314],{"class":127},[62,42678,131],{"class":95},[62,42680,3646],{"class":430},[62,42682,434],{"class":95},[62,42684,42685,42687,42689,42691],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,42686,32314],{"class":127},[62,42688,131],{"class":95},[62,42690,8276],{"class":430},[62,42692,434],{"class":95},[62,42694,42695,42697,42699,42701],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,42696,32314],{"class":127},[62,42698,131],{"class":95},[62,42700,9001],{"class":430},[62,42702,434],{"class":95},[14,42704,42705],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1256,42707,42495],{"id":34669},[14,42709,42710,42711,1940,42714,409],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42712,42713],{},"str.split",[18,42715,42568],{},[53,42717,42719],{"className":55,"code":42718,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42720,42721,42735],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42722,42723,42725,42727,42729,42731,42733],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42724,32314],{"class":127},[62,42726,131],{"class":95},[62,42728,3646],{"class":430},[62,42730,409],{"class":95},[62,42732,34632],{"class":24910},[62,42734,434],{"class":95},[62,42736,42737,42739,42741,42743,42745,42747],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,42738,32314],{"class":127},[62,42740,131],{"class":95},[62,42742,8276],{"class":430},[62,42744,409],{"class":95},[62,42746,13720],{"class":24910},[62,42748,434],{"class":95},[14,42750,42751,42752,8884,42754,28474,42759,42761,42762,42764],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42753,35189],{},[262,42755,42757],{"href":42756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42758,34474],{},[18,42760,34474],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42763,35189],{}," explains one of them.",[1256,42766,42498],{"id":34822},[14,42768,42769,42770,399,42772,404,42774,409],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42771,18580],{},[18,42773,35352],{},[18,42775,42776],{},"os",[53,42778,42780],{"className":55,"code":42779,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42781,42782,42788],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42783,42784,42786],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42785,35253],{"class":729},[62,42787,35256],{"class":68},[62,42789,42790,42792,42794,42796],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,42791,32314],{"class":127},[62,42793,131],{"class":95},[62,42795,18580],{"class":139},[62,42797,434],{"class":95},[14,42799,42800,42801,42805,42806,409],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[262,42802,42804],{"href":42803},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[262,42807,35319],{"href":42808},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[48,42810,35080],{"id":35079},[14,42812,42813,42815],{},[18,42814,35189],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42817,42818],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[29,42820,42821,42824,42827,42830],{},[32,42822,42823],{},"The function signature",[32,42825,42826],{},"The short description",[32,42828,42829],{},"Parameter names",[32,42831,42832],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42834,5670],{},[53,42836,42838],{"className":55,"code":42837,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42839,42840],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42841,42842,42844,42846,42848,42850,42852],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42843,32314],{"class":127},[62,42845,131],{"class":95},[62,42847,3646],{"class":430},[62,42849,409],{"class":95},[62,42851,34632],{"class":24910},[62,42853,434],{"class":95},[14,42855,42856],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[29,42858,42859,42862,42865,42867],{},[32,42860,42861],{},"What object this is",[32,42863,42864],{},"What arguments it accepts",[32,42866,22132],{},[32,42868,42869],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42871,42872],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[48,42874,42876],{"id":42875},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42878,42879,30035],{},[18,42880,35189],{},[29,42882,42883,42886,42889,42892],{},[32,42884,42885],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[32,42887,42888],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[32,42890,42891],{},"You are exploring a new module",[32,42893,42894],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42896,42897],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[53,42899,42900],{"className":55,"code":42837,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,42901,42902],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42903,42904,42906,42908,42910,42912,42914],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42905,32314],{"class":127},[62,42907,131],{"class":95},[62,42909,3646],{"class":430},[62,42911,409],{"class":95},[62,42913,34632],{"class":24910},[62,42915,434],{"class":95},[14,42917,42918],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[53,42920,42922],{"className":55,"code":42921,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(open)\n",[18,42923,42924],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42925,42926,42928,42930,42932],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42927,32314],{"class":127},[62,42929,131],{"class":95},[62,42931,42577],{"class":127},[62,42933,434],{"class":95},[48,42935,42937],{"id":42936},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42939,42940,42942],{},[18,42941,35189],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[29,42944,42945,42948,42951,42954],{},[32,42946,42947],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[32,42949,42950],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[32,42952,42953],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[32,42955,42956],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42958,42959,42960,42962],{},"So, ",[18,42961,35189],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42964,5670],{},[53,42966,42968],{"className":55,"code":42967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,42969,42970,42983,43007,43011],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,42971,42972,42974,42976,42978,42981],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,42973,69],{"class":68},[62,42975,73],{"class":72},[62,42977,77],{"class":76},[62,42979,42980],{"class":80},"a,b,c",[62,42982,84],{"class":76},[62,42984,42985,42988,42990,42993,42995,42997,42999,43001,43003,43005],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,42986,42987],{"class":68},"parts ",[62,42989,73],{"class":72},[62,42991,42992],{"class":68}," text",[62,42994,409],{"class":95},[62,42996,34632],{"class":139},[62,42998,131],{"class":95},[62,43000,259],{"class":76},[62,43002,103],{"class":80},[62,43004,259],{"class":76},[62,43006,434],{"class":95},[62,43008,43009],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,43010,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,43012,43013,43015,43017,43020],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,43014,128],{"class":127},[62,43016,131],{"class":95},[62,43018,43019],{"class":139},"parts",[62,43021,434],{"class":95},[14,43023,5755],{},[53,43025,43027],{"className":55,"code":43026,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,43028,43029],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43030,43031,43033,43035,43037,43039,43041,43043,43045,43047,43049,43051,43053,43055],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43032,948],{"class":95},[62,43034,3503],{"class":76},[62,43036,262],{"class":80},[62,43038,3503],{"class":76},[62,43040,103],{"class":95},[62,43042,3498],{"class":76},[62,43044,277],{"class":80},[62,43046,3503],{"class":76},[62,43048,103],{"class":95},[62,43050,3498],{"class":76},[62,43052,9912],{"class":80},[62,43054,3503],{"class":76},[62,43056,114],{"class":95},[14,43058,43059],{},"A good workflow is:",[28874,43061,43062,43067,43070,43073],{},[32,43063,169,43064,43066],{},[18,43065,35189],{}," to inspect something",[32,43068,43069],{},"Write a tiny example",[32,43071,43072],{},"Check the result",[32,43074,43075],{},"Repeat",[48,43077,43079],{"id":43078},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43081,43082,1940,43084,43086],{},[18,43083,35189],{},[18,43085,34474],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1256,43088,43089],{"id":32314},[18,43090,35189],{},[14,43092,169,43093,43095],{},[18,43094,35189],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43097,43098],{},"It tells you:",[29,43100,43101,43104,43107],{},[32,43102,43103],{},"What something is",[32,43105,43106],{},"How to use it",[32,43108,43109],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1256,43111,43112],{"id":34535},[18,43113,34474],{},[14,43115,169,43116,43118],{},[18,43117,34474],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[53,43120,43122],{"className":55,"code":43121,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dir(str)\n",[18,43123,43124],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43125,43126,43128,43130,43132],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43127,34535],{"class":127},[62,43129,131],{"class":95},[62,43131,3646],{"class":430},[62,43133,434],{"class":95},[14,43135,43136,43137,399,43139,404,43141,409],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,43138,34632],{},[18,43140,8813],{},[18,43142,8819],{},[14,43144,43145,43146,267],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,43147,35189],{},[53,43149,43151],{"className":55,"code":43150,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,43152,43153],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43154,43155,43157,43159,43161,43163,43165],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43156,32314],{"class":127},[62,43158,131],{"class":95},[62,43160,3646],{"class":430},[62,43162,409],{"class":95},[62,43164,8819],{"class":24910},[62,43166,434],{"class":95},[14,43168,43169],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[29,43171,43172,43177],{},[32,43173,169,43174,43176],{},[18,43175,34474],{}," to discover options",[32,43178,169,43179,43181],{},[18,43180,35189],{}," to understand one option",[48,43183,1824],{"id":1823},[14,43185,43186,43187,409],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,43188,35189],{},[1256,43190,1834,43192,43195,43196],{"id":43191},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,43193,43194],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,43197,43198],{},"help(len)",[14,43200,43201],{},"These are not always the same.",[53,43203,43205],{"className":55,"code":43204,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,43206,43207,43217],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43208,43209,43211,43213,43215],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43210,32314],{"class":127},[62,43212,131],{"class":95},[62,43214,134],{"class":127},[62,43216,434],{"class":95},[62,43218,43219,43221,43223,43225,43227,43229],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,43220,32314],{"class":127},[62,43222,131],{"class":95},[62,43224,3503],{"class":76},[62,43226,134],{"class":80},[62,43228,3503],{"class":76},[62,43230,434],{"class":95},[14,43232,43233,43235],{},[18,43234,43198],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43237,43238,43240,43241,43244],{},[18,43239,43194],{}," treats ",[18,43242,43243],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1256,43246,43248],{"id":43247},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43250,43251,43253],{},[18,43252,35189],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43255,43256],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1256,43258,43260],{"id":43259},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43262,40496,43263,43265],{},[18,43264,35189],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43267,201],{},[53,43269,43271],{"className":55,"code":43270,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,43272,43273,43283],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43274,43275,43277,43279,43281],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43276,32314],{"class":127},[62,43278,131],{"class":95},[62,43280,134],{"class":127},[62,43282,434],{"class":95},[62,43284,43285,43287,43289,43291,43294,43296],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,43286,128],{"class":127},[62,43288,131],{"class":95},[62,43290,259],{"class":76},[62,43292,43293],{"class":80},"Done",[62,43295,259],{"class":76},[62,43297,434],{"class":95},[14,43299,43300],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1256,43302,37366,43304,8884,43306],{"id":43303},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,43305,35189],{},[18,43307,34474],{},[14,43309,43310,43311,409],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,43312,34474],{},[14,43314,43315,43316,409],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,43317,35189],{},[48,43319,43321],{"id":43320},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43323,43324],{},"Open Python:",[53,43326,43327],{"className":55,"code":35704,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,43328,43329],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43330,43331],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43332,35704],{"class":68},[14,43334,43335],{},"Then test these commands:",[53,43337,43339],{"className":55,"code":43338,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,43340,43341,43351,43365,43379,43389,43404],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43342,43343,43345,43347,43349],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43344,32314],{"class":127},[62,43346,131],{"class":95},[62,43348,134],{"class":127},[62,43350,434],{"class":95},[62,43352,43353,43355,43357,43359,43361,43363],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,43354,32314],{"class":127},[62,43356,131],{"class":95},[62,43358,3646],{"class":430},[62,43360,409],{"class":95},[62,43362,34632],{"class":24910},[62,43364,434],{"class":95},[62,43366,43367,43369,43371,43373,43375,43377],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,43368,32314],{"class":127},[62,43370,131],{"class":95},[62,43372,8276],{"class":430},[62,43374,409],{"class":95},[62,43376,13720],{"class":24910},[62,43378,434],{"class":95},[62,43380,43381,43383,43385,43387],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,43382,32314],{"class":127},[62,43384,131],{"class":95},[62,43386,42577],{"class":127},[62,43388,434],{"class":95},[62,43390,43391,43393,43395,43397,43400,43402],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,43392,32314],{"class":127},[62,43394,131],{"class":95},[62,43396,3503],{"class":76},[62,43398,43399],{"class":80},"keywords",[62,43401,3503],{"class":76},[62,43403,434],{"class":95},[62,43405,43406,43408,43410,43412],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,43407,34535],{"class":127},[62,43409,131],{"class":95},[62,43411,3646],{"class":430},[62,43413,434],{"class":95},[14,43415,43416],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[29,43418,43419,43422,43425,43428,43431,43434],{},[32,43420,43421],{},"A built-in function",[32,43423,43424],{},"A string method",[32,43426,43427],{},"A list method",[32,43429,43430],{},"A built-in file function",[32,43432,43433],{},"A special help topic",[32,43435,15356,43436,43438],{},[18,43437,34474],{}," example for comparison",[48,43440,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,43442,43444],{"id":43443},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43446,43447],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1256,43449,43451],{"id":43450},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43453,43454,43455,43457],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43456,35189],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[53,43459,43461],{"className":55,"code":43460,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43462,43463,43475,43488,43507,43511],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43464,43465,43467,43469,43471,43473],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43466,35013],{"class":2276},[62,43468,35017],{"class":35016},[62,43470,131],{"class":95},[62,43472,329],{"class":37823},[62,43474,8521],{"class":95},[62,43476,43477,43481,43485],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,43478,43480],{"class":43479},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[62,43482,43484],{"class":43483},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[62,43486,43487],{"class":43479},"\"\"\"\n",[62,43489,43490,43492,43495,43498,43500,43502,43504],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,43491,35024],{"class":729},[62,43493,43494],{"class":2276}," f",[62,43496,43497],{"class":80},"\"Hello, ",[62,43499,9452],{"class":99},[62,43501,329],{"class":68},[62,43503,22464],{"class":99},[62,43505,43506],{"class":80},"!\"\n",[62,43508,43509],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,43510,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,43512,43513,43515,43517,43519],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,43514,32314],{"class":127},[62,43516,131],{"class":95},[62,43518,35059],{"class":139},[62,43520,434],{"class":95},[1256,43522,43524],{"id":43523},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43526,43527,43529,43530,43532],{},[18,43528,43198],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,43531,43194],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1256,43534,43536],{"id":43535},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43538,43539],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[48,43541,2109],{"id":2108},[29,43543,43544,43549,43553,43558,43563],{},[32,43545,43546],{},[262,43547,43548],{"href":42756},"Python dir() function explained",[32,43550,43551],{},[262,43552,1820],{"href":1819},[32,43554,43555],{},[262,43556,43557],{"href":42510},"Python len() function explained",[32,43559,43560],{},[262,43561,43562],{"href":42803},"How import works in Python",[32,43564,43565],{},[262,43566,35319],{"href":42808},[14,43568,43569,43570,43572,43573,399,43575,404,43577,43579,43580,2022,43583,43586],{},"Try ",[18,43571,35189],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,43574,134],{},[18,43576,128],{},[18,43578,42613],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,43581,43582],{},"dir(str)",[18,43584,43585],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2145,43588,43589],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":43591},[43592,43593,43594,43595,43601,43602,43603,43604,43608,43616,43617,43623],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":42475,"depth":87,"text":42476},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":42598,"depth":87,"text":42599,"children":43596},[43597,43598,43599,43600],{"id":42602,"depth":117,"text":42603},{"id":42655,"depth":117,"text":42656},{"id":34669,"depth":117,"text":42495},{"id":34822,"depth":117,"text":42498},{"id":35079,"depth":87,"text":35080},{"id":42875,"depth":87,"text":42876},{"id":42936,"depth":87,"text":42937},{"id":43078,"depth":87,"text":43079,"children":43605},[43606,43607],{"id":32314,"depth":117,"text":35189},{"id":34535,"depth":117,"text":34474},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":43609},[43610,43612,43613,43614],{"id":43191,"depth":117,"text":43611},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43247,"depth":117,"text":43248},{"id":43259,"depth":117,"text":43260},{"id":43303,"depth":117,"text":43615},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43320,"depth":87,"text":43321},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":43618},[43619,43620,43621,43622],{"id":43443,"depth":117,"text":43444},{"id":43450,"depth":117,"text":43451},{"id":43523,"depth":117,"text":43524},{"id":43535,"depth":117,"text":43536},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42404,"description":43624},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43630,"title":43631,"body":43632,"description":44994,"extension":2174,"meta":44995,"navigation":120,"path":44996,"seo":44997,"stem":44998,"__hash__":44999},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43633,"toc":44967},[43634,43640,43645,43651,43661,43720,43730,43741,43746,43752,43754,43772,43780,43782,43784,43799,43802,43813,43815,43906,43909,43913,43918,43939,43941,44052,44054,44081,44092,44096,44099,44182,44184,44192,44198,44204,44208,44211,44321,44323,44336,44339,44353,44361,44368,44373,44387,44393,44506,44508,44569,44572,44578,44584,44587,44609,44612,44682,44685,44717,44724,44726,44729,44747,44750,44762,44768,44770,44775,44801,44804,44876,44878,44884,44887,44893,44896,44902,44912,44918,44921,44928,44931,44933,44964],[10,43635,3779,43637,3783],{"id":43636},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43638,43639],{},"id()",[14,43641,32479,43642,43644],{},[18,43643,43639],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43646,43647,43648,43650],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43649,43639],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43652,169,43653,43655,43656,43658,43659,409],{},[18,43654,43639],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3946,43657,4830],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43660,4888],{},[53,43662,43664],{"className":55,"code":43663,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43665,43666,43678,43692,43696,43706],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43667,43668,43670,43672,43674,43676],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43669,211],{"class":68},[62,43671,73],{"class":72},[62,43673,77],{"class":76},[62,43675,7488],{"class":80},[62,43677,84],{"class":76},[62,43679,43680,43682,43684,43686,43688,43690],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,43681,128],{"class":127},[62,43683,131],{"class":95},[62,43685,12820],{"class":127},[62,43687,131],{"class":95},[62,43689,329],{"class":139},[62,43691,1013],{"class":95},[62,43693,43694],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,43695,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,43697,43698,43701,43703],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,43699,43700],{"class":68},"other ",[62,43702,73],{"class":72},[62,43704,43705],{"class":68}," name\n",[62,43707,43708,43710,43712,43714,43716,43718],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,43709,128],{"class":127},[62,43711,131],{"class":95},[62,43713,12820],{"class":127},[62,43715,131],{"class":95},[62,43717,30905],{"class":139},[62,43719,1013],{"class":95},[14,43721,43722,43723,43726,43727,43729],{},"In this example, ",[18,43724,43725],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43728,43639],{}," values match.",[43731,43732,43733],"blockquote",{},[14,43734,169,43735,43737,43738,43740],{},[18,43736,43639],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43739,4888],{}," for value comparison.",[48,43742,3879,43744,3882],{"id":43743},"what-id-does",[18,43745,43639],{},[14,43747,43748,43751],{},[18,43749,43750],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43753,13222],{},[29,43755,43756,43759,43766,43769],{},[32,43757,43758],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[32,43760,43761,43762,43765],{},"It shows ",[3946,43763,43764],{},"object identity",", not object value",[32,43767,43768],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[32,43770,43771],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43773,43774,43775,43779],{},"This is closely related to how ",[262,43776,43778],{"href":43777},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[48,43781,413],{"id":412},[14,43783,5632],{},[53,43785,43787],{"className":55,"code":43786,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"id(object)\n",[18,43788,43789],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43790,43791,43793,43795,43797],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43792,12820],{"class":127},[62,43794,131],{"class":95},[62,43796,431],{"class":430},[62,43798,434],{"class":95},[14,43800,43801],{},"Important details:",[29,43803,43804,43807,43810],{},[32,43805,43806],{},"It takes one argument",[32,43808,43809],{},"It returns an integer",[32,43811,43812],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43814,201],{},[53,43816,43818],{"className":55,"code":43817,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43819,43820,43832,43840,43860,43864,43878,43892],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43821,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43823,69],{"class":68},[62,43825,73],{"class":72},[62,43827,77],{"class":76},[62,43829,81],{"class":80},[62,43831,84],{"class":76},[62,43833,43834,43836,43838],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,43835,2422],{"class":68},[62,43837,73],{"class":72},[62,43839,2973],{"class":99},[62,43841,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856,43858],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,43843,90],{"class":68},[62,43845,73],{"class":72},[62,43847,96],{"class":95},[62,43849,499],{"class":99},[62,43851,103],{"class":95},[62,43853,284],{"class":99},[62,43855,103],{"class":95},[62,43857,508],{"class":99},[62,43859,114],{"class":95},[62,43861,43862],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,43863,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,43865,43866,43868,43870,43872,43874,43876],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,43867,128],{"class":127},[62,43869,131],{"class":95},[62,43871,12820],{"class":127},[62,43873,131],{"class":95},[62,43875,140],{"class":139},[62,43877,1013],{"class":95},[62,43879,43880,43882,43884,43886,43888,43890],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,43881,128],{"class":127},[62,43883,131],{"class":95},[62,43885,12820],{"class":127},[62,43887,131],{"class":95},[62,43889,2445],{"class":139},[62,43891,1013],{"class":95},[62,43893,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,43895,128],{"class":127},[62,43897,131],{"class":95},[62,43899,12820],{"class":127},[62,43901,131],{"class":95},[62,43903,161],{"class":139},[62,43905,1013],{"class":95},[14,43907,43908],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[48,43910,43912],{"id":43911},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43914,43915,43916,409],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,43917,43639],{},[29,43919,43920,43927,43934],{},[32,43921,43922,43924,43925],{},[18,43923,4888],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3946,43926,1632],{},[32,43928,43929,43931,43932],{},[18,43930,1791],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3946,43933,431],{},[32,43935,43936,43938],{},[18,43937,43639],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43940,201],{},[53,43942,43944],{"className":55,"code":43943,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,43945,43946,43966,43986,43990,44007,44024,44038],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,43947,43948,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43964],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,43949,2758],{"class":68},[62,43951,73],{"class":72},[62,43953,96],{"class":95},[62,43955,499],{"class":99},[62,43957,103],{"class":95},[62,43959,284],{"class":99},[62,43961,103],{"class":95},[62,43963,508],{"class":99},[62,43965,114],{"class":95},[62,43967,43968,43970,43972,43974,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,43969,2786],{"class":68},[62,43971,73],{"class":72},[62,43973,96],{"class":95},[62,43975,499],{"class":99},[62,43977,103],{"class":95},[62,43979,284],{"class":99},[62,43981,103],{"class":95},[62,43983,508],{"class":99},[62,43985,114],{"class":95},[62,43987,43988],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,43989,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,43991,43992,43994,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,43993,128],{"class":127},[62,43995,131],{"class":95},[62,43997,2758],{"class":139},[62,43999,4888],{"class":72},[62,44001,2763],{"class":139},[62,44003,741],{"class":95},[62,44005,44006],{"class":146},"   # True\n",[62,44008,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,44010,128],{"class":127},[62,44012,131],{"class":95},[62,44014,2758],{"class":139},[62,44016,1791],{"class":729},[62,44018,2763],{"class":139},[62,44020,741],{"class":95},[62,44022,44023],{"class":146},"   # False\n",[62,44025,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,44027,128],{"class":127},[62,44029,131],{"class":95},[62,44031,12820],{"class":127},[62,44033,131],{"class":95},[62,44035,262],{"class":139},[62,44037,1013],{"class":95},[62,44039,44040,44042,44044,44046,44048,44050],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,44041,128],{"class":127},[62,44043,131],{"class":95},[62,44045,12820],{"class":127},[62,44047,131],{"class":95},[62,44049,277],{"class":139},[62,44051,1013],{"class":95},[14,44053,2386],{},[29,44055,44056,44064,44072],{},[32,44057,44058,4982,44061,44063],{},[18,44059,44060],{},"a == b",[18,44062,3808],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[32,44065,44066,4982,44069,44071],{},[18,44067,44068],{},"a is b",[18,44070,2098],{}," because they are different list objects",[32,44073,44074,1940,44077,44080],{},[18,44075,44076],{},"id(a)",[18,44078,44079],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44082,44083,44084,1940,44088,409],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[262,44085,44087],{"href":44086},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[262,44089,44091],{"href":44090},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[48,44093,44095],{"id":44094},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44097,44098],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[53,44100,44102],{"className":55,"code":44101,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,44103,44104,44124,44134,44138,44152,44167],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44105,44106,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44107,225],{"class":68},[62,44109,73],{"class":72},[62,44111,96],{"class":95},[62,44113,100],{"class":99},[62,44115,103],{"class":95},[62,44117,106],{"class":99},[62,44119,103],{"class":95},[62,44121,111],{"class":99},[62,44123,114],{"class":95},[62,44125,44126,44129,44131],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,44127,44128],{"class":68},"other_numbers ",[62,44130,73],{"class":72},[62,44132,44133],{"class":68}," numbers\n",[62,44135,44136],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,44137,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,44139,44140,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,44141,128],{"class":127},[62,44143,131],{"class":95},[62,44145,12820],{"class":127},[62,44147,131],{"class":95},[62,44149,348],{"class":139},[62,44151,1013],{"class":95},[62,44153,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44165],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,44155,128],{"class":127},[62,44157,131],{"class":95},[62,44159,12820],{"class":127},[62,44161,131],{"class":95},[62,44163,44164],{"class":139},"other_numbers",[62,44166,1013],{"class":95},[62,44168,44169,44171,44173,44175,44177,44180],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,44170,128],{"class":127},[62,44172,131],{"class":95},[62,44174,225],{"class":139},[62,44176,1791],{"class":729},[62,44178,44179],{"class":139}," other_numbers",[62,44181,434],{"class":95},[14,44183,5755],{},[53,44185,44186],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,44187,44188],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44189,44190],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44191,4179],{"class":1618},[14,44193,44194,44195,44197],{},"The two ",[18,44196,43639],{}," values will also match.",[14,44199,22351,44200,44203],{},[18,44201,44202],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[48,44205,44207],{"id":44206},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44209,44210],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[53,44212,44214],{"className":55,"code":44213,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,44215,44216,44237,44258,44262,44277,44291,44306],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44217,44218,44221,44223,44225,44227,44229,44231,44233,44235],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44219,44220],{"class":68},"list_a ",[62,44222,73],{"class":72},[62,44224,96],{"class":95},[62,44226,499],{"class":99},[62,44228,103],{"class":95},[62,44230,284],{"class":99},[62,44232,103],{"class":95},[62,44234,508],{"class":99},[62,44236,114],{"class":95},[62,44238,44239,44242,44244,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,44240,44241],{"class":68},"list_b ",[62,44243,73],{"class":72},[62,44245,96],{"class":95},[62,44247,499],{"class":99},[62,44249,103],{"class":95},[62,44251,284],{"class":99},[62,44253,103],{"class":95},[62,44255,508],{"class":99},[62,44257,114],{"class":95},[62,44259,44260],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,44261,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,44263,44264,44266,44268,44270,44272,44275],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,44265,128],{"class":127},[62,44267,131],{"class":95},[62,44269,44220],{"class":139},[62,44271,4888],{"class":72},[62,44273,44274],{"class":139}," list_b",[62,44276,434],{"class":95},[62,44278,44279,44281,44283,44285,44287,44289],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,44280,128],{"class":127},[62,44282,131],{"class":95},[62,44284,44220],{"class":139},[62,44286,1791],{"class":729},[62,44288,44274],{"class":139},[62,44290,434],{"class":95},[62,44292,44293,44295,44297,44299,44301,44304],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,44294,128],{"class":127},[62,44296,131],{"class":95},[62,44298,12820],{"class":127},[62,44300,131],{"class":95},[62,44302,44303],{"class":139},"list_a",[62,44305,1013],{"class":95},[62,44307,44308,44310,44312,44314,44316,44319],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,44309,128],{"class":127},[62,44311,131],{"class":95},[62,44313,12820],{"class":127},[62,44315,131],{"class":95},[62,44317,44318],{"class":139},"list_b",[62,44320,1013],{"class":95},[14,44322,5755],{},[53,44324,44326],{"className":55,"code":44325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\nFalse\n",[18,44327,44328,44332],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44329,44330],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44331,4179],{"class":1618},[62,44333,44334],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,44335,4240],{"class":1618},[14,44337,44338],{},"What this means:",[29,44340,44341,44344,44347],{},[32,44342,44343],{},"The lists are equal in value",[32,44345,44346],{},"They are not the same object",[32,44348,44349,44350,44352],{},"Their ",[18,44351,43639],{}," values are usually different",[14,44354,44355,44356,44358,44359,409],{},"This is why ",[18,44357,43639],{}," should not replace ",[18,44360,4888],{},[48,44362,44364,44365,44367],{"id":44363},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,44366,43639],{}," is useful",[14,44369,44370,44372],{},[18,44371,43639],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[29,44374,44375,44378,44381,44384],{},[32,44376,44377],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[32,44379,44380],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[32,44382,44383],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[32,44385,44386],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44388,44389,44390,44392],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,44391,43639],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[53,44394,44396],{"className":55,"code":44395,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44397,44398,44422,44431,44435,44454,44458,44468,44478,44492],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44399,44400,44402,44404,44406,44408,44410,44412,44414,44416,44418,44420],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44401,12257],{"class":68},[62,44403,73],{"class":72},[62,44405,96],{"class":95},[62,44407,259],{"class":76},[62,44409,262],{"class":80},[62,44411,259],{"class":76},[62,44413,103],{"class":95},[62,44415,77],{"class":76},[62,44417,277],{"class":80},[62,44419,259],{"class":76},[62,44421,114],{"class":95},[62,44423,44424,44427,44429],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,44425,44426],{"class":68},"copy_ref ",[62,44428,73],{"class":72},[62,44430,12295],{"class":68},[62,44432,44433],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,44434,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,44436,44437,44440,44442,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,44438,44439],{"class":68},"copy_ref",[62,44441,409],{"class":95},[62,44443,13720],{"class":139},[62,44445,131],{"class":95},[62,44447,259],{"class":76},[62,44449,9912],{"class":80},[62,44451,259],{"class":76},[62,44453,434],{"class":95},[62,44455,44456],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,44457,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,44459,44460,44462,44464,44466],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,44461,128],{"class":127},[62,44463,131],{"class":95},[62,44465,12304],{"class":139},[62,44467,434],{"class":95},[62,44469,44470,44472,44474,44476],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,44471,128],{"class":127},[62,44473,131],{"class":95},[62,44475,44439],{"class":139},[62,44477,434],{"class":95},[62,44479,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,44481,128],{"class":127},[62,44483,131],{"class":95},[62,44485,12820],{"class":127},[62,44487,131],{"class":95},[62,44489,12304],{"class":139},[62,44491,1013],{"class":95},[62,44493,44494,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,44495,128],{"class":127},[62,44497,131],{"class":95},[62,44499,12820],{"class":127},[62,44501,131],{"class":95},[62,44503,44439],{"class":139},[62,44505,1013],{"class":95},[14,44507,5755],{},[53,44509,44511],{"className":55,"code":44510,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44512,44513,44541],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44514,44515,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525,44527,44529,44531,44533,44535,44537,44539],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44516,948],{"class":95},[62,44518,3503],{"class":76},[62,44520,262],{"class":80},[62,44522,3503],{"class":76},[62,44524,103],{"class":95},[62,44526,3498],{"class":76},[62,44528,277],{"class":80},[62,44530,3503],{"class":76},[62,44532,103],{"class":95},[62,44534,3498],{"class":76},[62,44536,9912],{"class":80},[62,44538,3503],{"class":76},[62,44540,114],{"class":95},[62,44542,44543,44545,44547,44549,44551,44553,44555,44557,44559,44561,44563,44565,44567],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,44544,948],{"class":95},[62,44546,3503],{"class":76},[62,44548,262],{"class":80},[62,44550,3503],{"class":76},[62,44552,103],{"class":95},[62,44554,3498],{"class":76},[62,44556,277],{"class":80},[62,44558,3503],{"class":76},[62,44560,103],{"class":95},[62,44562,3498],{"class":76},[62,44564,9912],{"class":80},[62,44566,3503],{"class":76},[62,44568,114],{"class":95},[14,44570,44571],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[48,44573,44575,44576],{"id":44574},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,44577,43639],{},[14,44579,44580,44581,44583],{},"Do not use ",[18,44582,43639],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44585,44586],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[29,44588,44589,44595,44601,44604],{},[32,44590,44591,44592,44594],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,44593,4888],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[32,44596,44597,44598,44600],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,44599,43639],{}," values across program runs",[32,44602,44603],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[32,44605,44606,44607],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,44608,43639],{},[14,44610,44611],{},"Bad example:",[53,44613,44615],{"className":55,"code":44614,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44616,44617,44629,44641,44645,44667],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44618,44619,44621,44623,44625,44627],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44620,2758],{"class":68},[62,44622,73],{"class":72},[62,44624,77],{"class":76},[62,44626,37209],{"class":80},[62,44628,84],{"class":76},[62,44630,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,44632,2786],{"class":68},[62,44634,73],{"class":72},[62,44636,77],{"class":76},[62,44638,37209],{"class":80},[62,44640,84],{"class":76},[62,44642,44643],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,44644,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,44646,44647,44649,44651,44653,44655,44657,44659,44661,44663,44665],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,44648,730],{"class":729},[62,44650,14983],{"class":127},[62,44652,131],{"class":95},[62,44654,262],{"class":139},[62,44656,741],{"class":95},[62,44658,1225],{"class":72},[62,44660,14983],{"class":127},[62,44662,131],{"class":95},[62,44664,277],{"class":139},[62,44666,8521],{"class":95},[62,44668,44669,44671,44673,44675,44678,44680],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,44670,754],{"class":127},[62,44672,131],{"class":95},[62,44674,259],{"class":76},[62,44676,44677],{"class":80},"The values are equal",[62,44679,259],{"class":76},[62,44681,434],{"class":95},[14,44683,44684],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[53,44686,44688],{"className":55,"code":44687,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44689,44690,44703],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44691,44692,44694,44697,44699,44701],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44693,730],{"class":729},[62,44695,44696],{"class":68}," a ",[62,44698,4888],{"class":72},[62,44700,2763],{"class":68},[62,44702,749],{"class":95},[62,44704,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713,44715],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,44706,754],{"class":127},[62,44708,131],{"class":95},[62,44710,259],{"class":76},[62,44712,44677],{"class":80},[62,44714,259],{"class":76},[62,44716,434],{"class":95},[14,44718,169,44719,2022,44721,44723],{},[18,44720,1791],{},[18,44722,43639],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[48,44725,20963],{"id":20962},[14,44727,44728],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[29,44730,44731,44734,44737,44742],{},[32,44732,44733],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[32,44735,44736],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[32,44738,44739,44740],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44741,43639],{},[32,44743,44744,44745],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44746,43639],{},[14,44748,44749],{},"The important rule is:",[29,44751,44752,44757],{},[32,44753,169,44754,44756],{},[18,44755,4888],{}," to check value",[32,44758,169,44759,44761],{},[18,44760,1791],{}," to check identity",[14,44763,44764,44765,44767],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44766,43639],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[48,44769,1824],{"id":1823},[14,44771,44772,44773,267],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44774,43639],{},[29,44776,44777,44785,44788,44791,44796],{},[32,44778,1834,44779,44781,44782,44784],{},[18,44780,43639],{}," when ",[18,44783,4888],{}," should be used",[32,44786,44787],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[32,44789,44790],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[32,44792,44793,44794],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44795,43639],{},[32,44797,1834,44798,44800],{},[18,44799,43639],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44802,44803],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[53,44805,44807],{"className":55,"code":44806,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44808,44809,44824,44838,44852,44866],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,44810,44811,44813,44815,44817,44819,44822],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,44812,128],{"class":127},[62,44814,131],{"class":95},[62,44816,12820],{"class":127},[62,44818,131],{"class":95},[62,44820,44821],{"class":139},"my_object",[62,44823,1013],{"class":95},[62,44825,44826,44828,44830,44832,44834,44836],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,44827,128],{"class":127},[62,44829,131],{"class":95},[62,44831,2758],{"class":139},[62,44833,4888],{"class":72},[62,44835,2763],{"class":139},[62,44837,434],{"class":95},[62,44839,44840,44842,44844,44846,44848,44850],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,44841,128],{"class":127},[62,44843,131],{"class":95},[62,44845,2758],{"class":139},[62,44847,1791],{"class":729},[62,44849,2763],{"class":139},[62,44851,434],{"class":95},[62,44853,44854,44856,44858,44860,44862,44864],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,44855,128],{"class":127},[62,44857,131],{"class":95},[62,44859,1690],{"class":430},[62,44861,131],{"class":95},[62,44863,44821],{"class":139},[62,44865,1013],{"class":95},[62,44867,44868,44870,44872,44874],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,44869,32314],{"class":127},[62,44871,131],{"class":95},[62,44873,12820],{"class":127},[62,44875,434],{"class":95},[48,44877,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,44879,44881,44882,12887],{"id":44880},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,44883,43639],{},[14,44885,44886],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1256,44888,15070,44890,44892],{"id":44889},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,44891,43639],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44894,44895],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1256,44897,21583,44899,44901],{"id":44898},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,44900,43639],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44903,30432,44904,44906,44907,2022,44909,44911],{},[18,44905,4888],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,44908,43639],{},[18,44910,1791],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1256,44913,44915,44916,632],{"id":44914},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,44917,43639],{},[14,44919,44920],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1256,44922,44924,44925,44927],{"id":44923},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,44926,43639],{}," values?",[14,44929,44930],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[48,44932,2109],{"id":2108},[29,44934,44935,44940,44945,44950,44958],{},[32,44936,44937],{},[262,44938,44939],{"href":43777},"Python variables explained for beginners",[32,44941,44942],{},[262,44943,44944],{"href":44086},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[32,44946,44947],{},[262,44948,44949],{"href":44090},"Python data types overview",[32,44951,44952],{},[262,44953,3779,44955,3712],{"href":44954},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,44956,44957],{},"isinstance()",[32,44959,44960],{},[262,44961,44963],{"href":44962},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2145,44965,44966],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":44968},[44969,44971,44972,44973,44974,44975,44977,44979,44980,44981,44993],{"id":43743,"depth":87,"text":44970},"What id() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":43911,"depth":87,"text":43912},{"id":44094,"depth":87,"text":44095},{"id":44206,"depth":87,"text":44207},{"id":44363,"depth":87,"text":44976},"When id() is useful",{"id":44574,"depth":87,"text":44978},"When not to use id()",{"id":20962,"depth":87,"text":20963},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":44982},[44983,44985,44987,44989,44991],{"id":44880,"depth":117,"text":44984},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44889,"depth":117,"text":44986},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44898,"depth":117,"text":44988},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44914,"depth":117,"text":44990},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44923,"depth":117,"text":44992},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43631,"description":44994},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45001,"title":42346,"body":45002,"description":46642,"extension":2174,"meta":46643,"navigation":120,"path":46644,"seo":46645,"stem":46646,"__hash__":46647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45003,"toc":46608},[45004,45009,45014,45017,45019,45062,45067,45070,45075,45080,45083,45099,45101,45145,45147,45174,45176,45191,45193,45195,45197,45213,45215,45227,45230,45264,45267,45292,45297,45299,45304,45308,45311,45313,45361,45363,45396,45402,45413,45415,45467,45469,45500,45502,45506,45510,45553,45559,45565,45617,45625,45630,45634,45725,45727,45760,45763,45765,45825,45827,45853,45863,45865,45869,45874,45879,45881,45918,45920,45939,45942,45946,45949,46005,46017,46026,46028,46055,46063,46070,46074,46077,46114,46117,46123,46160,46162,46166,46172,46190,46195,46243,46247,46336,46339,46346,46348,46350,46355,46373,46375,46418,46424,46441,46443,46505,46507,46509,46515,46523,46529,46535,46544,46554,46558,46566,46568,46570,46605],[10,45005,3779,45007,3783],{"id":45006},"python-input-function-explained",[18,45008,3161],{},[14,45010,2191,45011,45013],{},[18,45012,3161],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45015,45016],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[48,45018,51],{"id":50},[53,45020,45022],{"className":55,"code":45021,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,45023,45024,45043],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45025,45026,45028,45030,45032,45034,45036,45039,45041],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45027,211],{"class":68},[62,45029,73],{"class":72},[62,45031,1329],{"class":127},[62,45033,131],{"class":95},[62,45035,259],{"class":76},[62,45037,45038],{"class":80},"Enter your name: ",[62,45040,259],{"class":76},[62,45042,434],{"class":95},[62,45044,45045,45047,45049,45051,45054,45056,45058,45060],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45046,128],{"class":127},[62,45048,131],{"class":95},[62,45050,259],{"class":76},[62,45052,45053],{"class":80},"Hello, ",[62,45055,259],{"class":76},[62,45057,2658],{"class":72},[62,45059,36154],{"class":139},[62,45061,434],{"class":95},[14,45063,169,45064,45066],{},[18,45065,3161],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45068,45069],"hr",{},[48,45071,3879,45073,3882],{"id":45072},"what-input-does",[18,45074,3161],{},[14,45076,45077,45079],{},[18,45078,3161],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45081,45082],{},"Here is what happens:",[29,45084,45085,45090,45093,45096],{},[32,45086,45087,45089],{},[18,45088,3161],{}," waits for the user to type",[32,45091,45092],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[32,45094,45095],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[32,45097,45098],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45100,201],{},[53,45102,45104],{"className":55,"code":45103,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,45105,45106,45126],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45107,45108,45111,45113,45115,45117,45119,45122,45124],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45109,45110],{"class":68},"color ",[62,45112,73],{"class":72},[62,45114,1329],{"class":127},[62,45116,131],{"class":95},[62,45118,259],{"class":76},[62,45120,45121],{"class":80},"What is your favorite color? ",[62,45123,259],{"class":76},[62,45125,434],{"class":95},[62,45127,45128,45130,45132,45134,45137,45139,45141,45143],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45129,128],{"class":127},[62,45131,131],{"class":95},[62,45133,259],{"class":76},[62,45135,45136],{"class":80},"Your favorite color is",[62,45138,259],{"class":76},[62,45140,103],{"class":95},[62,45142,36013],{"class":139},[62,45144,434],{"class":95},[14,45146,30191],{},[53,45148,45150],{"className":55,"code":45149,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,45151,45152,45165],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45153,45154,45156,45158,45161,45163],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45155,3879],{"class":68},[62,45157,1791],{"class":72},[62,45159,45160],{"class":68}," your favorite color",[62,45162,632],{"class":37529},[62,45164,36043],{"class":68},[62,45166,45167,45170,45172],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45168,45169],{"class":68},"Your favorite color ",[62,45171,1791],{"class":72},[62,45173,36043],{"class":68},[14,45175,20120],{},[29,45177,45178,45183,45188],{},[32,45179,45180,45181],{},"The prompt is ",[18,45182,45121],{},[32,45184,45185,45186],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,45187,33053],{},[32,45189,45190],{},"That value is then printed",[45068,45192],{},[48,45194,413],{"id":412},[14,45196,7409],{},[53,45198,45200],{"className":55,"code":45199,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"input(prompt)\n",[18,45201,45202],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45203,45204,45206,45208,45211],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45205,42613],{"class":127},[62,45207,131],{"class":95},[62,45209,45210],{"class":139},"prompt",[62,45212,434],{"class":95},[14,45214,11631],{},[29,45216,45217,45221,45224],{},[32,45218,2191,45219,20202],{},[18,45220,45210],{},[32,45222,45223],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[32,45225,45226],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45228,45229],{},"Example with a prompt:",[53,45231,45233],{"className":55,"code":45232,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,45234,45235,45254],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45236,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247,45250,45252],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45238,8144],{"class":68},[62,45240,73],{"class":72},[62,45242,1329],{"class":127},[62,45244,131],{"class":95},[62,45246,259],{"class":76},[62,45248,45249],{"class":80},"Enter your username: ",[62,45251,259],{"class":76},[62,45253,434],{"class":95},[62,45255,45256,45258,45260,45262],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45257,128],{"class":127},[62,45259,131],{"class":95},[62,45261,8168],{"class":139},[62,45263,434],{"class":95},[14,45265,45266],{},"Example without a prompt:",[53,45268,45270],{"className":55,"code":45269,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,45271,45272,45282],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45273,45274,45276,45278,45280],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45275,1613],{"class":68},[62,45277,73],{"class":72},[62,45279,1329],{"class":127},[62,45281,8822],{"class":95},[62,45283,45284,45286,45288,45290],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45285,128],{"class":127},[62,45287,131],{"class":95},[62,45289,1632],{"class":139},[62,45291,434],{"class":95},[14,45293,2035,45294,45296],{},[18,45295,3161],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45068,45298],{},[48,45300,3879,45302,11876],{"id":45301},"what-input-returns",[18,45303,3161],{},[14,45305,45306,8407],{},[18,45307,3161],{},[14,45309,45310],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45312,201],{},[53,45314,45316],{"className":55,"code":45315,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45317,45318,45337,45347],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45319,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45333,45335],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45321,21790],{"class":68},[62,45323,73],{"class":72},[62,45325,1329],{"class":127},[62,45327,131],{"class":95},[62,45329,259],{"class":76},[62,45331,45332],{"class":80},"Enter your age: ",[62,45334,259],{"class":76},[62,45336,434],{"class":95},[62,45338,45339,45341,45343,45345],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45340,128],{"class":127},[62,45342,131],{"class":95},[62,45344,1073],{"class":139},[62,45346,434],{"class":95},[62,45348,45349,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45350,128],{"class":127},[62,45352,131],{"class":95},[62,45354,1690],{"class":430},[62,45356,131],{"class":95},[62,45358,1073],{"class":139},[62,45360,1013],{"class":95},[14,45362,30191],{},[53,45364,45366],{"className":55,"code":45365,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45367,45368,45378,45382],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45369,45370,45373,45375],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45371,45372],{"class":68},"Enter your age",[62,45374,267],{"class":95},[62,45376,45377],{"class":99}," 25\n",[62,45379,45380],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45381,2913],{"class":99},[62,45383,45384,45386,45388,45390,45392,45394],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45385,3492],{"class":72},[62,45387,3495],{"class":2276},[62,45389,3498],{"class":76},[62,45391,3646],{"class":80},[62,45393,3503],{"class":76},[62,45395,3506],{"class":72},[14,45397,45398,45399,45401],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45400,9369],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45403,45404,45405,2022,45409,409],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[262,45406,45407],{"href":3078},[18,45408,3081],{},[262,45410,45411],{"href":3084},[18,45412,3087],{},[14,45414,201],{},[53,45416,45418],{"className":55,"code":45417,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45419,45420,45443,45453],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45421,45422,45424,45426,45429,45431,45433,45435,45437,45439,45441],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45423,21790],{"class":68},[62,45425,73],{"class":72},[62,45427,45428],{"class":430}," int",[62,45430,131],{"class":95},[62,45432,42613],{"class":127},[62,45434,131],{"class":95},[62,45436,259],{"class":76},[62,45438,45332],{"class":80},[62,45440,259],{"class":76},[62,45442,1013],{"class":95},[62,45444,45445,45447,45449,45451],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45446,128],{"class":127},[62,45448,131],{"class":95},[62,45450,1073],{"class":139},[62,45452,434],{"class":95},[62,45454,45455,45457,45459,45461,45463,45465],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45456,128],{"class":127},[62,45458,131],{"class":95},[62,45460,1690],{"class":430},[62,45462,131],{"class":95},[62,45464,1073],{"class":139},[62,45466,1013],{"class":95},[14,45468,30191],{},[53,45470,45472],{"className":55,"code":45471,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45473,45474,45482,45486],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45475,45476,45478,45480],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45477,45372],{"class":68},[62,45479,267],{"class":95},[62,45481,45377],{"class":99},[62,45483,45484],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45485,2913],{"class":99},[62,45487,45488,45490,45492,45494,45496,45498],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45489,3492],{"class":72},[62,45491,3495],{"class":2276},[62,45493,3498],{"class":76},[62,45495,2021],{"class":80},[62,45497,3503],{"class":76},[62,45499,3506],{"class":72},[45068,45501],{},[48,45503,45505],{"id":45504},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1256,45507,45509],{"id":45508},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[53,45511,45513],{"className":55,"code":45512,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45514,45515,45534],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45516,45517,45519,45521,45523,45525,45527,45530,45532],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45518,211],{"class":68},[62,45520,73],{"class":72},[62,45522,1329],{"class":127},[62,45524,131],{"class":95},[62,45526,259],{"class":76},[62,45528,45529],{"class":80},"What is your name? ",[62,45531,259],{"class":76},[62,45533,434],{"class":95},[62,45535,45536,45538,45540,45542,45545,45547,45549,45551],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45537,128],{"class":127},[62,45539,131],{"class":95},[62,45541,259],{"class":76},[62,45543,45544],{"class":80},"Hello,",[62,45546,259],{"class":76},[62,45548,103],{"class":95},[62,45550,36154],{"class":139},[62,45552,434],{"class":95},[14,45554,45555,45556,45558],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,45557,329],{}," and prints it.",[1256,45560,45562,45563],{"id":45561},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,45564,3081],{},[53,45566,45568],{"className":55,"code":45567,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,45569,45570,45593],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45571,45572,45574,45576,45578,45580,45582,45584,45586,45589,45591],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45573,21790],{"class":68},[62,45575,73],{"class":72},[62,45577,45428],{"class":430},[62,45579,131],{"class":95},[62,45581,42613],{"class":127},[62,45583,131],{"class":95},[62,45585,259],{"class":76},[62,45587,45588],{"class":80},"How old are you? ",[62,45590,259],{"class":76},[62,45592,1013],{"class":95},[62,45594,45595,45597,45599,45601,45604,45606,45608,45611,45613,45615],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45596,128],{"class":127},[62,45598,131],{"class":95},[62,45600,259],{"class":76},[62,45602,45603],{"class":80},"Next year you will be",[62,45605,259],{"class":76},[62,45607,103],{"class":95},[62,45609,45610],{"class":139}," age ",[62,45612,2270],{"class":72},[62,45614,270],{"class":99},[62,45616,434],{"class":95},[14,45618,6256,45619,45621,45622,45624],{},[18,45620,3081],{}," converts the text from ",[18,45623,3161],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45626,45627,45628,409],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[262,45629,9161],{"href":9160},[1256,45631,45633],{"id":45632},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[53,45635,45637],{"className":55,"code":45636,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45638,45639,45663,45687,45701,45705],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45640,45641,45644,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45659,45661],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45642,45643],{"class":68},"num1 ",[62,45645,73],{"class":72},[62,45647,45428],{"class":430},[62,45649,131],{"class":95},[62,45651,42613],{"class":127},[62,45653,131],{"class":95},[62,45655,259],{"class":76},[62,45657,45658],{"class":80},"Enter the first number: ",[62,45660,259],{"class":76},[62,45662,1013],{"class":95},[62,45664,45665,45668,45670,45672,45674,45676,45678,45680,45683,45685],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45666,45667],{"class":68},"num2 ",[62,45669,73],{"class":72},[62,45671,45428],{"class":430},[62,45673,131],{"class":95},[62,45675,42613],{"class":127},[62,45677,131],{"class":95},[62,45679,259],{"class":76},[62,45681,45682],{"class":80},"Enter the second number: ",[62,45684,259],{"class":76},[62,45686,1013],{"class":95},[62,45688,45689,45691,45693,45696,45698],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45690,41334],{"class":68},[62,45692,73],{"class":72},[62,45694,45695],{"class":68}," num1 ",[62,45697,2270],{"class":72},[62,45699,45700],{"class":68}," num2\n",[62,45702,45703],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,45704,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,45706,45707,45709,45711,45713,45716,45718,45720,45723],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,45708,128],{"class":127},[62,45710,131],{"class":95},[62,45712,259],{"class":76},[62,45714,45715],{"class":80},"Total:",[62,45717,259],{"class":76},[62,45719,103],{"class":95},[62,45721,45722],{"class":139}," total",[62,45724,434],{"class":95},[14,45726,30191],{},[53,45728,45730],{"className":55,"code":45729,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45731,45732,45742,45751],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45733,45734,45737,45739],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45735,45736],{"class":68},"Enter the first number",[62,45738,267],{"class":95},[62,45740,45741],{"class":99}," 2\n",[62,45743,45744,45747,45749],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45745,45746],{"class":68},"Enter the second number",[62,45748,267],{"class":95},[62,45750,2781],{"class":99},[62,45752,45753,45756,45758],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45754,45755],{"class":68},"Total",[62,45757,267],{"class":95},[62,45759,35004],{"class":99},[14,45761,45762],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45764,201],{},[53,45766,45768],{"className":55,"code":45767,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45769,45770,45788,45806,45810],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45771,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45773,45643],{"class":68},[62,45775,73],{"class":72},[62,45777,1329],{"class":127},[62,45779,131],{"class":95},[62,45781,259],{"class":76},[62,45783,45658],{"class":80},[62,45785,259],{"class":76},[62,45787,434],{"class":95},[62,45789,45790,45792,45794,45796,45798,45800,45802,45804],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45791,45667],{"class":68},[62,45793,73],{"class":72},[62,45795,1329],{"class":127},[62,45797,131],{"class":95},[62,45799,259],{"class":76},[62,45801,45682],{"class":80},[62,45803,259],{"class":76},[62,45805,434],{"class":95},[62,45807,45808],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45809,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,45811,45812,45814,45816,45818,45820,45823],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,45813,128],{"class":127},[62,45815,131],{"class":95},[62,45817,45643],{"class":139},[62,45819,2270],{"class":72},[62,45821,45822],{"class":139}," num2",[62,45824,434],{"class":95},[14,45826,30191],{},[53,45828,45830],{"className":55,"code":45829,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45831,45832,45840,45848],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45833,45834,45836,45838],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45835,45736],{"class":68},[62,45837,267],{"class":95},[62,45839,45741],{"class":99},[62,45841,45842,45844,45846],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45843,45746],{"class":68},[62,45845,267],{"class":95},[62,45847,2781],{"class":99},[62,45849,45850],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45851,45852],{"class":99},"23\n",[14,45854,45855,45856,45859,45860,409],{},"That happens because ",[18,45857,45858],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,45861,45862],{},"\"23\"",[45068,45864],{},[48,45866,45868],{"id":45867},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45870,45871,45872,409],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,45873,3161],{},[1256,45875,4904,45877,41694],{"id":45876},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,45878,3161],{},[14,45880,39352],{},[53,45882,45884],{"className":55,"code":45883,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,45885,45886,45904],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45887,45888,45890,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45889,1613],{"class":68},[62,45891,73],{"class":72},[62,45893,1329],{"class":127},[62,45895,131],{"class":95},[62,45897,259],{"class":76},[62,45899,42023],{"class":80},[62,45901,259],{"class":76},[62,45903,434],{"class":95},[62,45905,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45907,128],{"class":127},[62,45909,131],{"class":95},[62,45911,1690],{"class":430},[62,45913,131],{"class":95},[62,45915,1632],{"class":139},[62,45917,1013],{"class":95},[14,45919,2282],{},[53,45921,45923],{"className":55,"code":45922,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45924,45925],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45926,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45928,3492],{"class":72},[62,45930,3495],{"class":2276},[62,45932,3498],{"class":76},[62,45934,3646],{"class":80},[62,45936,3503],{"class":76},[62,45938,3506],{"class":72},[14,45940,45941],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1256,45943,45945],{"id":45944},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45947,45948],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[53,45950,45952],{"className":55,"code":45951,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,45953,45954,45972,45991],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,45955,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966,45968,45970],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,45957,2758],{"class":68},[62,45959,73],{"class":72},[62,45961,1329],{"class":127},[62,45963,131],{"class":95},[62,45965,259],{"class":76},[62,45967,42023],{"class":80},[62,45969,259],{"class":76},[62,45971,434],{"class":95},[62,45973,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984,45987,45989],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,45975,2786],{"class":68},[62,45977,73],{"class":72},[62,45979,1329],{"class":127},[62,45981,131],{"class":95},[62,45983,259],{"class":76},[62,45985,45986],{"class":80},"Enter another number: ",[62,45988,259],{"class":76},[62,45990,434],{"class":95},[62,45992,45993,45995,45997,45999,46001,46003],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,45994,128],{"class":127},[62,45996,131],{"class":95},[62,45998,2758],{"class":139},[62,46000,2270],{"class":72},[62,46002,2763],{"class":139},[62,46004,434],{"class":95},[14,46006,41272,46007,1940,46009,46011,46012,19127,46015,409],{},[18,46008,2708],{},[18,46010,299],{},", the result is ",[18,46013,46014],{},"45",[18,46016,631],{},[1256,46018,46020,46021,46023,46024],{"id":46019},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,46022,40857],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,46025,3081],{},[14,46027,201],{},[53,46029,46031],{"className":55,"code":46030,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,46032,46033],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46034,46035,46037,46039,46041,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051,46053],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46036,21790],{"class":68},[62,46038,73],{"class":72},[62,46040,45428],{"class":430},[62,46042,131],{"class":95},[62,46044,42613],{"class":127},[62,46046,131],{"class":95},[62,46048,259],{"class":76},[62,46050,45332],{"class":80},[62,46052,259],{"class":76},[62,46054,1013],{"class":95},[14,46056,8452,46057,46060,46061,409],{},[18,46058,46059],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,46062,40857],{},[14,46064,46065,46066,409],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[262,46067,46069],{"href":46068},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1256,46071,46073],{"id":46072},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46075,46076],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[53,46078,46080],{"className":55,"code":46079,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,46081,46082,46100],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46083,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094,46096,46098],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46085,211],{"class":68},[62,46087,73],{"class":72},[62,46089,1329],{"class":127},[62,46091,131],{"class":95},[62,46093,259],{"class":76},[62,46095,45038],{"class":80},[62,46097,259],{"class":76},[62,46099,434],{"class":95},[62,46101,46102,46104,46106,46108,46110,46112],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46103,128],{"class":127},[62,46105,131],{"class":95},[62,46107,41931],{"class":127},[62,46109,131],{"class":95},[62,46111,329],{"class":139},[62,46113,1013],{"class":95},[14,46115,46116],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46118,46119,46120,267],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,46121,46122],{},".strip()",[53,46124,46126],{"className":55,"code":46125,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,46127,46128,46150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46129,46130,46132,46134,46136,46138,46140,46142,46144,46146,46148],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46131,211],{"class":68},[62,46133,73],{"class":72},[62,46135,1329],{"class":127},[62,46137,131],{"class":95},[62,46139,259],{"class":76},[62,46141,45038],{"class":80},[62,46143,259],{"class":76},[62,46145,8810],{"class":95},[62,46147,8813],{"class":139},[62,46149,8822],{"class":95},[62,46151,46152,46154,46156,46158],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46153,128],{"class":127},[62,46155,131],{"class":95},[62,46157,329],{"class":139},[62,46159,434],{"class":95},[45068,46161],{},[48,46163,46165],{"id":46164},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46167,46168,46169,46171],{},"These habits make ",[18,46170,3161],{}," easier and safer to use.",[29,46173,46174,46177,46182,46185],{},[32,46175,46176],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[32,46178,169,46179,46181],{},[18,46180,46122],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[32,46183,46184],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[32,46186,169,46187,46189],{},[18,46188,29943],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46191,46192,46193,267],{},"Example with ",[18,46194,46122],{},[53,46196,46198],{"className":55,"code":46197,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,46199,46200,46224],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46201,46202,46205,46207,46209,46211,46213,46216,46218,46220,46222],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46203,46204],{"class":68},"city ",[62,46206,73],{"class":72},[62,46208,1329],{"class":127},[62,46210,131],{"class":95},[62,46212,259],{"class":76},[62,46214,46215],{"class":80},"Enter your city: ",[62,46217,259],{"class":76},[62,46219,8810],{"class":95},[62,46221,8813],{"class":139},[62,46223,8822],{"class":95},[62,46225,46226,46228,46230,46232,46235,46237,46239,46241],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46227,128],{"class":127},[62,46229,131],{"class":95},[62,46231,259],{"class":76},[62,46233,46234],{"class":80},"City:",[62,46236,259],{"class":76},[62,46238,103],{"class":95},[62,46240,31546],{"class":139},[62,46242,434],{"class":95},[14,46244,46192,46245,267],{},[18,46246,29943],{},[53,46248,46250],{"className":55,"code":46249,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,46251,46252,46258,46281,46313,46321],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46253,46254,46256],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46255,29965],{"class":729},[62,46257,749],{"class":95},[62,46259,46260,46263,46265,46267,46269,46271,46273,46275,46277,46279],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46261,46262],{"class":68},"    age ",[62,46264,73],{"class":72},[62,46266,45428],{"class":430},[62,46268,131],{"class":95},[62,46270,42613],{"class":127},[62,46272,131],{"class":95},[62,46274,259],{"class":76},[62,46276,45332],{"class":80},[62,46278,259],{"class":76},[62,46280,1013],{"class":95},[62,46282,46283,46285,46287,46289,46292,46294,46296,46298,46300,46302,46304,46306,46309,46311],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,46284,754],{"class":127},[62,46286,131],{"class":95},[62,46288,259],{"class":76},[62,46290,46291],{"class":80},"You will be",[62,46293,259],{"class":76},[62,46295,103],{"class":95},[62,46297,45610],{"class":139},[62,46299,2270],{"class":72},[62,46301,270],{"class":99},[62,46303,103],{"class":95},[62,46305,77],{"class":76},[62,46307,46308],{"class":80},"next year",[62,46310,259],{"class":76},[62,46312,434],{"class":95},[62,46314,46315,46317,46319],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,46316,29996],{"class":729},[62,46318,42078],{"class":430},[62,46320,749],{"class":95},[62,46322,46323,46325,46327,46329,46332,46334],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,46324,754],{"class":127},[62,46326,131],{"class":95},[62,46328,259],{"class":76},[62,46330,46331],{"class":80},"Please enter a whole number.",[62,46333,259],{"class":76},[62,46335,434],{"class":95},[14,46337,46338],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46340,46341,46342,409],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[262,46343,46345],{"href":46344},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45068,46347],{},[48,46349,1824],{"id":1823},[14,46351,46352,46353,267],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,46354,3161],{},[29,46356,46357,46364,46367,46370],{},[32,46358,46359,46360,2022,46362],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,46361,3081],{},[18,46363,3087],{},[32,46365,46366],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[32,46368,46369],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[32,46371,46372],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46374,32244],{},[53,46376,46378],{"className":55,"code":46377,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46379,46380,46390,46404],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46381,46382,46384,46386,46388],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46383,128],{"class":127},[62,46385,131],{"class":95},[62,46387,1632],{"class":139},[62,46389,434],{"class":95},[62,46391,46392,46394,46396,46398,46400,46402],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46393,128],{"class":127},[62,46395,131],{"class":95},[62,46397,1690],{"class":430},[62,46399,131],{"class":95},[62,46401,1632],{"class":139},[62,46403,1013],{"class":95},[62,46405,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,46407,128],{"class":127},[62,46409,131],{"class":95},[62,46411,41931],{"class":127},[62,46413,131],{"class":95},[62,46415,1632],{"class":139},[62,46417,1013],{"class":95},[14,46419,46420,46421,46423],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46422,3161],{}," actually returned:",[29,46425,46426,46431,46436],{},[32,46427,46428,46430],{},[18,46429,41979],{}," shows the value",[32,46432,46433,46435],{},[18,46434,41985],{}," shows the data type",[32,46437,46438,46440],{},[18,46439,41990],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46442,201],{},[53,46444,46446],{"className":55,"code":46445,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46447,46448,46467,46477,46491],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46449,46450,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460,46463,46465],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46451,1613],{"class":68},[62,46453,73],{"class":72},[62,46455,1329],{"class":127},[62,46457,131],{"class":95},[62,46459,259],{"class":76},[62,46461,46462],{"class":80},"Enter something: ",[62,46464,259],{"class":76},[62,46466,434],{"class":95},[62,46468,46469,46471,46473,46475],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46470,128],{"class":127},[62,46472,131],{"class":95},[62,46474,1632],{"class":139},[62,46476,434],{"class":95},[62,46478,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,46480,128],{"class":127},[62,46482,131],{"class":95},[62,46484,1690],{"class":430},[62,46486,131],{"class":95},[62,46488,1632],{"class":139},[62,46490,1013],{"class":95},[62,46492,46493,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,46494,128],{"class":127},[62,46496,131],{"class":95},[62,46498,41931],{"class":127},[62,46500,131],{"class":95},[62,46502,1632],{"class":139},[62,46504,1013],{"class":95},[45068,46506],{},[48,46508,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,46510,12875,46512,46514],{"id":46511},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46513,3161],{}," return an integer?",[14,46516,46517,46518,46520,46521,40083],{},"No. ",[18,46519,3161],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46522,3081],{},[1256,46524,46526,46527,632],{"id":46525},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,46528,3161],{},[14,46530,46531,46532,46534],{},"No. You can call ",[18,46533,3161],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1256,46536,5356,46538,46541,46542,632],{"id":46537},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,46539,46540],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,46543,3161],{},[14,46545,29222,46546,46548,46549,42307,46551,46553],{},[18,46547,3161],{}," returns strings. ",[18,46550,45858],{},[18,46552,45862],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1256,46555,46557],{"id":46556},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46559,169,46560,46562,46563,409],{},[18,46561,46122],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,46564,46565],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45068,46567],{},[48,46569,2109],{"id":2108},[29,46571,46572,46577,46581,46587,46593,46597],{},[32,46573,46574],{},[262,46575,46576],{"href":46344},"How to get user input in Python",[32,46578,46579],{},[262,46580,9238],{"href":9160},[32,46582,46583],{},[262,46584,3779,46585,3712],{"href":3078},[18,46586,3081],{},[32,46588,46589],{},[262,46590,3779,46591,3712],{"href":3084},[18,46592,3087],{},[32,46594,46595],{},[262,46596,46069],{"href":46068},[32,46598,46599],{},[262,46600,3779,46602,3712],{"href":46601},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,46603,46604],{},"print()",[2145,46606,46607],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":46609},[46610,46611,46613,46614,46616,46622,46630,46631,46632,46641],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":45072,"depth":87,"text":46612},"What input() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":45301,"depth":87,"text":46615},"What input() returns",{"id":45504,"depth":87,"text":45505,"children":46617},[46618,46619,46621],{"id":45508,"depth":117,"text":45509},{"id":45561,"depth":117,"text":46620},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45632,"depth":117,"text":45633},{"id":45867,"depth":87,"text":45868,"children":46623},[46624,46626,46627,46629],{"id":45876,"depth":117,"text":46625},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45944,"depth":117,"text":45945},{"id":46019,"depth":117,"text":46628},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46072,"depth":117,"text":46073},{"id":46164,"depth":87,"text":46165},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":46633},[46634,46636,46638,46640],{"id":46511,"depth":117,"text":46635},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46525,"depth":117,"text":46637},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46537,"depth":117,"text":46639},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46556,"depth":117,"text":46557},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42346,"description":46642},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46649,"title":42248,"body":46650,"description":48962,"extension":2174,"meta":48963,"navigation":120,"path":48964,"seo":48965,"stem":48966,"__hash__":48967},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46651,"toc":48914},[46652,46657,46662,46667,46688,46691,46693,46753,46755,46774,46779,46784,46789,46791,46804,46806,46889,46891,46932,46938,46940,46970,46976,46979,46996,46998,47050,47052,47070,47076,47082,47085,47103,47105,47178,47180,47199,47206,47212,47217,47220,47280,47282,47301,47304,47307,47322,47328,47332,47393,47395,47416,47420,47549,47551,47681,47691,47697,47703,47711,47777,47779,47804,47807,47824,47837,47843,47846,47879,47881,47894,47897,47940,47942,47950,47957,47961,47968,47972,47999,48001,48009,48015,48032,48037,48041,48068,48070,48078,48082,48087,48090,48116,48119,48128,48136,48140,48150,48154,48157,48159,48210,48212,48242,48252,48279,48281,48289,48299,48303,48306,48308,48356,48358,48402,48408,48459,48461,48480,48485,48490,48493,48512,48515,48567,48569,48578,48580,48584,48588,48591,48600,48607,48609,48636,48640,48642,48651,48654,48661,48667,48726,48730,48732,48740,48743,48769,48775,48778,48798,48800,48809,48817,48819,48825,48830,48837,48847,48853,48861,48865,48868,48870,48911],[10,46653,3779,46655,3783],{"id":46654},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46656,3081],{},[14,46658,32479,46659,46661],{},[18,46660,3081],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46663,24,46664,46666],{},[18,46665,3081],{}," when they want to:",[29,46668,46669,46679,46682,46685],{},[32,46670,46671,46672,46675,46676],{},"turn text like ",[18,46673,46674],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46677,46678],{},"42",[32,46680,46681],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[32,46683,46684],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[32,46686,46687],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46689,46690],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[48,46692,51],{"id":50},[53,46694,46696],{"className":55,"code":46695,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46697,46698,46716,46730],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46699,46700,46702,46704,46706,46708,46710,46712,46714],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46701,128],{"class":127},[62,46703,131],{"class":95},[62,46705,2021],{"class":430},[62,46707,131],{"class":95},[62,46709,259],{"class":76},[62,46711,46678],{"class":80},[62,46713,259],{"class":76},[62,46715,1013],{"class":95},[62,46717,46718,46720,46722,46724,46726,46728],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46719,128],{"class":127},[62,46721,131],{"class":95},[62,46723,2021],{"class":430},[62,46725,131],{"class":95},[62,46727,42136],{"class":99},[62,46729,1013],{"class":95},[62,46731,46732,46734,46736,46738,46740,46742,46745,46747,46749,46751],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,46733,128],{"class":127},[62,46735,131],{"class":95},[62,46737,2021],{"class":430},[62,46739,131],{"class":95},[62,46741,259],{"class":76},[62,46743,46744],{"class":80},"101",[62,46746,259],{"class":76},[62,46748,103],{"class":95},[62,46750,284],{"class":99},[62,46752,1013],{"class":95},[14,46754,2282],{},[53,46756,46758],{"className":55,"code":46757,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46759,46760,46765,46770],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46761,46762],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46763,46764],{"class":99},"42\n",[62,46766,46767],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46768,46769],{"class":99},"3\n",[62,46771,46772],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,46773,3150],{"class":99},[14,46775,169,46776,46778],{},[18,46777,3081],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[48,46780,3879,46782,3882],{"id":46781},"what-int-does",[18,46783,3081],{},[14,46785,46786,46788],{},[18,46787,3081],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46790,13222],{},[29,46792,46793,46798,46801],{},[32,46794,46795,46796,7531],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46797,2021],{},[32,46799,46800],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[32,46802,46803],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46805,201],{},[53,46807,46809],{"className":55,"code":46808,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46810,46811,46823,46837,46841,46851,46861,46875],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46812,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46814,69],{"class":68},[62,46816,73],{"class":72},[62,46818,77],{"class":76},[62,46820,9369],{"class":80},[62,46822,84],{"class":76},[62,46824,46825,46827,46829,46831,46833,46835],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46826,2422],{"class":68},[62,46828,73],{"class":72},[62,46830,45428],{"class":430},[62,46832,131],{"class":95},[62,46834,140],{"class":139},[62,46836,434],{"class":95},[62,46838,46839],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,46840,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,46842,46843,46845,46847,46849],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,46844,128],{"class":127},[62,46846,131],{"class":95},[62,46848,140],{"class":139},[62,46850,434],{"class":95},[62,46852,46853,46855,46857,46859],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,46854,128],{"class":127},[62,46856,131],{"class":95},[62,46858,2445],{"class":139},[62,46860,434],{"class":95},[62,46862,46863,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,46864,128],{"class":127},[62,46866,131],{"class":95},[62,46868,1690],{"class":430},[62,46870,131],{"class":95},[62,46872,140],{"class":139},[62,46874,1013],{"class":95},[62,46876,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,46878,128],{"class":127},[62,46880,131],{"class":95},[62,46882,1690],{"class":430},[62,46884,131],{"class":95},[62,46886,2445],{"class":139},[62,46888,1013],{"class":95},[14,46890,2282],{},[53,46892,46894],{"className":55,"code":46893,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,46895,46896,46900,46904,46918],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46897,46898],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46899,2913],{"class":99},[62,46901,46902],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46903,2913],{"class":99},[62,46905,46906,46908,46910,46912,46914,46916],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,46907,3492],{"class":72},[62,46909,3495],{"class":2276},[62,46911,3498],{"class":76},[62,46913,3646],{"class":80},[62,46915,3503],{"class":76},[62,46917,3506],{"class":72},[62,46919,46920,46922,46924,46926,46928,46930],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,46921,3492],{"class":72},[62,46923,3495],{"class":2276},[62,46925,3498],{"class":76},[62,46927,2021],{"class":80},[62,46929,3503],{"class":76},[62,46931,3506],{"class":72},[14,46933,46934,46935,46937],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,46936,3081],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[48,46939,413],{"id":412},[53,46941,46943],{"className":55,"code":46942,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,46944,46945,46955],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,46946,46947,46949,46951,46953],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,46948,2021],{"class":430},[62,46950,131],{"class":95},[62,46952,552],{"class":139},[62,46954,434],{"class":95},[62,46956,46957,46959,46961,46963,46965,46968],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,46958,2021],{"class":430},[62,46960,131],{"class":95},[62,46962,552],{"class":139},[62,46964,103],{"class":95},[62,46966,46967],{"class":139}," base",[62,46969,434],{"class":95},[1256,46971,46973],{"id":46972},"intx",[18,46974,46975],{},"int(x)",[14,46977,46978],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[29,46980,46981,46986,46991],{},[32,46982,46983,46984],{},"a string such as ",[18,46985,42278],{},[32,46987,46988,46989],{},"a float such as ",[18,46990,42136],{},[32,46992,46993,46994],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,46995,3808],{},[14,46997,201],{},[53,46999,47001],{"className":55,"code":47000,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,47002,47003,47021,47036],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47004,47005,47007,47009,47011,47013,47015,47017,47019],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47006,128],{"class":127},[62,47008,131],{"class":95},[62,47010,2021],{"class":430},[62,47012,131],{"class":95},[62,47014,259],{"class":76},[62,47016,100],{"class":80},[62,47018,259],{"class":76},[62,47020,1013],{"class":95},[62,47022,47023,47025,47027,47029,47031,47034],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47024,128],{"class":127},[62,47026,131],{"class":95},[62,47028,2021],{"class":430},[62,47030,131],{"class":95},[62,47032,47033],{"class":99},"8.7",[62,47035,1013],{"class":95},[62,47037,47038,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47039,128],{"class":127},[62,47041,131],{"class":95},[62,47043,2021],{"class":430},[62,47045,131],{"class":95},[62,47047,3808],{"class":1618},[62,47049,1013],{"class":95},[14,47051,2282],{},[53,47053,47055],{"className":55,"code":47054,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,47056,47057,47061,47065],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47058,47059],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47060,2581],{"class":99},[62,47062,47063],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47064,2586],{"class":99},[62,47066,47067],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47068,47069],{"class":99},"1\n",[1256,47071,47073],{"id":47072},"intx-base",[18,47074,47075],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47077,47078,47079,47081],{},"Use this form when ",[18,47080,552],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47083,47084],{},"Common bases:",[29,47086,47087,47092,47097],{},[32,47088,47089,47091],{},[18,47090,1935],{}," for binary",[32,47093,47094,47096],{},[18,47095,2550],{}," for octal",[32,47098,47099,47102],{},[18,47100,47101],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47104,201],{},[53,47106,47108],{"className":55,"code":47107,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47109,47110,47132,47155],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47111,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47113,128],{"class":127},[62,47115,131],{"class":95},[62,47117,2021],{"class":430},[62,47119,131],{"class":95},[62,47121,259],{"class":76},[62,47123,46744],{"class":80},[62,47125,259],{"class":76},[62,47127,103],{"class":95},[62,47129,284],{"class":99},[62,47131,1013],{"class":95},[62,47133,47134,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47147,47149,47151,47153],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47135,128],{"class":127},[62,47137,131],{"class":95},[62,47139,2021],{"class":430},[62,47141,131],{"class":95},[62,47143,259],{"class":76},[62,47145,47146],{"class":80},"17",[62,47148,259],{"class":76},[62,47150,103],{"class":95},[62,47152,1409],{"class":99},[62,47154,1013],{"class":95},[62,47156,47157,47159,47161,47163,47165,47167,47170,47172,47174,47176],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47158,128],{"class":127},[62,47160,131],{"class":95},[62,47162,2021],{"class":430},[62,47164,131],{"class":95},[62,47166,259],{"class":76},[62,47168,47169],{"class":80},"1A",[62,47171,259],{"class":76},[62,47173,103],{"class":95},[62,47175,14154],{"class":99},[62,47177,1013],{"class":95},[14,47179,2282],{},[53,47181,47183],{"className":55,"code":47182,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,47184,47185,47189,47194],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47186,47187],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47188,3150],{"class":99},[62,47190,47191],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47192,47193],{"class":99},"15\n",[62,47195,47196],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47197,47198],{"class":99},"26\n",[14,47200,47201,47202,409],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[262,47203,47204,2508],{"href":3084},[18,47205,3087],{},[48,47207,1834,47209,47211],{"id":47208},"using-int-with-strings",[18,47210,3081],{}," with strings",[14,47213,47214,47216],{},[18,47215,3081],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47218,47219],{},"Examples that work:",[53,47221,47223],{"className":55,"code":47222,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,47224,47225,47243,47261],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47226,47227,47229,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47228,128],{"class":127},[62,47230,131],{"class":95},[62,47232,2021],{"class":430},[62,47234,131],{"class":95},[62,47236,259],{"class":76},[62,47238,299],{"class":80},[62,47240,259],{"class":76},[62,47242,1013],{"class":95},[62,47244,47245,47247,47249,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47246,128],{"class":127},[62,47248,131],{"class":95},[62,47250,2021],{"class":430},[62,47252,131],{"class":95},[62,47254,259],{"class":76},[62,47256,2498],{"class":80},[62,47258,259],{"class":76},[62,47260,1013],{"class":95},[62,47262,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273,47276,47278],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47264,128],{"class":127},[62,47266,131],{"class":95},[62,47268,2021],{"class":430},[62,47270,131],{"class":95},[62,47272,259],{"class":76},[62,47274,47275],{"class":80},"  42  ",[62,47277,259],{"class":76},[62,47279,1013],{"class":95},[14,47281,2282],{},[53,47283,47285],{"className":55,"code":47284,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,47286,47287,47291,47297],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47288,47289],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47290,3150],{"class":99},[62,47292,47293,47295],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47294,2233],{"class":72},[62,47296,2430],{"class":99},[62,47298,47299],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47300,46764],{"class":99},[14,47302,47303],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47305,47306],{},"Examples that fail:",[53,47308,47310],{"className":55,"code":47309,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,47311,47312,47317],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47313,47314],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47315,47316],{"class":146},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[62,47318,47319],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47320,47321],{"class":146},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47323,47324,47325,47327],{},"These raise ",[18,47326,40857],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1256,47329,47331],{"id":47330},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[53,47333,47335],{"className":55,"code":47334,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,47336,47337,47355,47374],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47338,47339,47341,47343,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47340,128],{"class":127},[62,47342,131],{"class":95},[62,47344,2021],{"class":430},[62,47346,131],{"class":95},[62,47348,259],{"class":76},[62,47350,665],{"class":80},[62,47352,259],{"class":76},[62,47354,1013],{"class":95},[62,47356,47357,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367,47370,47372],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47358,128],{"class":127},[62,47360,131],{"class":95},[62,47362,2021],{"class":430},[62,47364,131],{"class":95},[62,47366,259],{"class":76},[62,47368,47369],{"class":80},"+7",[62,47371,259],{"class":76},[62,47373,1013],{"class":95},[62,47375,47376,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386,47389,47391],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47377,128],{"class":127},[62,47379,131],{"class":95},[62,47381,2021],{"class":430},[62,47383,131],{"class":95},[62,47385,259],{"class":76},[62,47387,47388],{"class":80},"-100",[62,47390,259],{"class":76},[62,47392,1013],{"class":95},[14,47394,2282],{},[53,47396,47398],{"className":55,"code":47397,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47399,47400,47405,47409],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47401,47402],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47403,47404],{"class":99},"0\n",[62,47406,47407],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47408,2292],{"class":99},[62,47410,47411,47413],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47412,2233],{"class":72},[62,47414,47415],{"class":99},"100\n",[1256,47417,47419],{"id":47418},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[53,47421,47423],{"className":55,"code":47422,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47424,47425,47463,47467,47479,47486,47501,47516],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47426,47427,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441,47443,47446,47448,47450,47452,47454,47456,47459,47461],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47428,292],{"class":68},[62,47430,73],{"class":72},[62,47432,96],{"class":95},[62,47434,259],{"class":76},[62,47436,1596],{"class":80},[62,47438,259],{"class":76},[62,47440,103],{"class":95},[62,47442,77],{"class":76},[62,47444,47445],{"class":80},"12abc",[62,47447,259],{"class":76},[62,47449,103],{"class":95},[62,47451,6322],{"class":76},[62,47453,103],{"class":95},[62,47455,77],{"class":76},[62,47457,47458],{"class":80},"seven",[62,47460,259],{"class":76},[62,47462,114],{"class":95},[62,47464,47465],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47466,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,47468,47469,47471,47473,47475,47477],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47470,6154],{"class":729},[62,47472,1788],{"class":68},[62,47474,4082],{"class":729},[62,47476,4085],{"class":68},[62,47478,749],{"class":95},[62,47480,47481,47484],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,47482,47483],{"class":729},"    try",[62,47485,749],{"class":95},[62,47487,47488,47491,47493,47495,47497,47499],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,47489,47490],{"class":127},"        print",[62,47492,131],{"class":95},[62,47494,2021],{"class":430},[62,47496,131],{"class":95},[62,47498,1632],{"class":139},[62,47500,1013],{"class":95},[62,47502,47503,47506,47508,47511,47514],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,47504,47505],{"class":729},"    except",[62,47507,42078],{"class":430},[62,47509,47510],{"class":729}," as",[62,47512,47513],{"class":68}," error",[62,47515,749],{"class":95},[62,47517,47518,47520,47522,47524,47526,47528,47530,47533,47535,47538,47540,47543,47545,47547],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,47519,47490],{"class":127},[62,47521,131],{"class":95},[62,47523,22455],{"class":2276},[62,47525,259],{"class":80},[62,47527,9452],{"class":99},[62,47529,1632],{"class":139},[62,47531,47532],{"class":2276},"!r",[62,47534,22464],{"class":99},[62,47536,47537],{"class":80}," -> ",[62,47539,9452],{"class":99},[62,47541,47542],{"class":139},"error",[62,47544,22464],{"class":99},[62,47546,259],{"class":80},[62,47548,434],{"class":95},[14,47550,2282],{},[53,47552,47554],{"className":55,"code":47553,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,47555,47556,47592,47624,47649],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47557,47558,47560,47562,47564,47567,47570,47572,47574,47576,47579,47582,47584,47586,47588,47590],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47559,3503],{"class":43479},[62,47561,1596],{"class":43483},[62,47563,3503],{"class":43479},[62,47565,47566],{"class":37529}," ->",[62,47568,47569],{"class":68}," invalid literal ",[62,47571,6154],{"class":729},[62,47573,45428],{"class":430},[62,47575,7557],{"class":95},[62,47577,47578],{"class":729}," with",[62,47580,47581],{"class":68}," base ",[62,47583,100],{"class":99},[62,47585,267],{"class":95},[62,47587,3498],{"class":76},[62,47589,1596],{"class":80},[62,47591,29861],{"class":76},[62,47593,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47595,3503],{"class":76},[62,47597,47445],{"class":80},[62,47599,3503],{"class":76},[62,47601,47566],{"class":37529},[62,47603,47569],{"class":68},[62,47605,6154],{"class":729},[62,47607,45428],{"class":430},[62,47609,7557],{"class":95},[62,47611,47578],{"class":729},[62,47613,47581],{"class":68},[62,47615,100],{"class":99},[62,47617,267],{"class":95},[62,47619,3498],{"class":76},[62,47621,47445],{"class":80},[62,47623,29861],{"class":76},[62,47625,47626,47628,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47627,3977],{"class":76},[62,47629,47566],{"class":37529},[62,47631,47569],{"class":68},[62,47633,6154],{"class":729},[62,47635,45428],{"class":430},[62,47637,7557],{"class":95},[62,47639,47578],{"class":729},[62,47641,47581],{"class":68},[62,47643,100],{"class":99},[62,47645,267],{"class":95},[62,47647,47648],{"class":76}," ''\n",[62,47650,47651,47653,47655,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671,47673,47675,47677,47679],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,47652,3503],{"class":76},[62,47654,47458],{"class":80},[62,47656,3503],{"class":76},[62,47658,47566],{"class":37529},[62,47660,47569],{"class":68},[62,47662,6154],{"class":729},[62,47664,45428],{"class":430},[62,47666,7557],{"class":95},[62,47668,47578],{"class":729},[62,47670,47581],{"class":68},[62,47672,100],{"class":99},[62,47674,267],{"class":95},[62,47676,3498],{"class":76},[62,47678,47458],{"class":80},[62,47680,29861],{"class":76},[14,47682,47683,47684,47686,47687,409],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[262,47685,9161],{"href":9160}," and the ",[262,47688,47689,2508],{"href":8401},[18,47690,3161],{},[48,47692,1834,47694,47696],{"id":47693},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47695,3081],{}," with floats",[14,47698,47699,47700,47702],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47701,3081],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47704,47705,47706,14220,47708,47710],{},"Important: ",[18,47707,3081],{},[3946,47709,4830],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[53,47712,47714],{"className":55,"code":47713,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47715,47716,47730,47745,47761],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47717,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47719,128],{"class":127},[62,47721,131],{"class":95},[62,47723,2021],{"class":430},[62,47725,131],{"class":95},[62,47727,42136],{"class":99},[62,47729,1013],{"class":95},[62,47731,47732,47734,47736,47738,47740,47743],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47733,128],{"class":127},[62,47735,131],{"class":95},[62,47737,2021],{"class":430},[62,47739,131],{"class":95},[62,47741,47742],{"class":99},"3.1",[62,47744,1013],{"class":95},[62,47746,47747,47749,47751,47753,47755,47757,47759],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47748,128],{"class":127},[62,47750,131],{"class":95},[62,47752,2021],{"class":430},[62,47754,131],{"class":95},[62,47756,2233],{"class":72},[62,47758,42136],{"class":99},[62,47760,1013],{"class":95},[62,47762,47763,47765,47767,47769,47771,47773,47775],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,47764,128],{"class":127},[62,47766,131],{"class":95},[62,47768,2021],{"class":430},[62,47770,131],{"class":95},[62,47772,2233],{"class":72},[62,47774,47742],{"class":99},[62,47776,1013],{"class":95},[14,47778,2282],{},[53,47780,47782],{"className":55,"code":47781,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47783,47784,47788,47792,47798],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47785,47786],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47787,46769],{"class":99},[62,47789,47790],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47791,46769],{"class":99},[62,47793,47794,47796],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47795,2233],{"class":72},[62,47797,46769],{"class":99},[62,47799,47800,47802],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,47801,2233],{"class":72},[62,47803,46769],{"class":99},[14,47805,47806],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[29,47808,47809,47816],{},[32,47810,47811,42307,47814],{},[18,47812,47813],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47815,2273],{},[32,47817,47818,42307,47821],{},[18,47819,47820],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47822,47823],{},"-3",[14,47825,47826,47827,47831,47832,409],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[262,47828,47829],{"href":3084},[18,47830,3087],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[262,47833,47834],{"href":42327},[18,47835,47836],{},"str()",[48,47838,1834,47840,47842],{"id":47839},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47841,3081],{}," with booleans",[14,47844,47845],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[53,47847,47849],{"className":55,"code":47848,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47850,47851,47865],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47852,47853,47855,47857,47859,47861,47863],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47854,128],{"class":127},[62,47856,131],{"class":95},[62,47858,2021],{"class":430},[62,47860,131],{"class":95},[62,47862,3808],{"class":1618},[62,47864,1013],{"class":95},[62,47866,47867,47869,47871,47873,47875,47877],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47868,128],{"class":127},[62,47870,131],{"class":95},[62,47872,2021],{"class":430},[62,47874,131],{"class":95},[62,47876,2098],{"class":1618},[62,47878,1013],{"class":95},[14,47880,2282],{},[53,47882,47884],{"className":55,"code":47883,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1\n0\n",[18,47885,47886,47890],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47887,47888],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47889,47069],{"class":99},[62,47891,47892],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47893,47404],{"class":99},[14,47895,47896],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[53,47898,47900],{"className":55,"code":47899,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,47901,47902,47911,47926,47930],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47903,47904,47907,47909],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47905,47906],{"class":68},"passed ",[62,47908,73],{"class":72},[62,47910,6615],{"class":1618},[62,47912,47913,47915,47917,47919,47921,47924],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,47914,41334],{"class":68},[62,47916,73],{"class":72},[62,47918,45428],{"class":430},[62,47920,131],{"class":95},[62,47922,47923],{"class":139},"passed",[62,47925,434],{"class":95},[62,47927,47928],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,47929,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,47931,47932,47934,47936,47938],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,47933,128],{"class":127},[62,47935,131],{"class":95},[62,47937,41363],{"class":139},[62,47939,434],{"class":95},[14,47941,2282],{},[53,47943,47944],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,47945,47946],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47947,47948],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47949,47069],{"class":99},[14,47951,47952,47953,409],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[262,47954,47955,2508],{"href":5976},[18,47956,4016],{},[48,47958,47960],{"id":47959},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47962,47963,47964,47967],{},"Use the ",[18,47965,47966],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1256,47969,47971],{"id":47970},"binary-example","Binary example",[53,47973,47975],{"className":55,"code":47974,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47976,47977],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,47978,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,47980,128],{"class":127},[62,47982,131],{"class":95},[62,47984,2021],{"class":430},[62,47986,131],{"class":95},[62,47988,259],{"class":76},[62,47990,46744],{"class":80},[62,47992,259],{"class":76},[62,47994,103],{"class":95},[62,47996,284],{"class":99},[62,47998,1013],{"class":95},[14,48000,2282],{},[53,48002,48003],{"className":55,"code":3150,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,48004,48005],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48006,48007],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48008,3150],{"class":99},[14,48010,48011,48014],{},[18,48012,48013],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[29,48016,48017,48022,48027],{},[32,48018,48019],{},[18,48020,48021],{},"1 × 4",[32,48023,48024],{},[18,48025,48026],{},"0 × 2",[32,48028,48029],{},[18,48030,48031],{},"1 × 1",[14,48033,48034,48035,409],{},"So the result is ",[18,48036,299],{},[1256,48038,48040],{"id":48039},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[53,48042,48044],{"className":55,"code":48043,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,48045,48046],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48047,48048,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062,48064,48066],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48049,128],{"class":127},[62,48051,131],{"class":95},[62,48053,2021],{"class":430},[62,48055,131],{"class":95},[62,48057,259],{"class":76},[62,48059,47169],{"class":80},[62,48061,259],{"class":76},[62,48063,103],{"class":95},[62,48065,14154],{"class":99},[62,48067,1013],{"class":95},[14,48069,2282],{},[53,48071,48072],{"className":55,"code":47198,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,48073,48074],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48075,48076],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48077,47198],{"class":99},[1256,48079,48081],{"id":48080},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48083,2191,48084,48086],{},[18,48085,47966],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48088,48089],{},"Good:",[53,48091,48092],{"className":55,"code":47974,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,48093,48094],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48095,48096,48098,48100,48102,48104,48106,48108,48110,48112,48114],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48097,128],{"class":127},[62,48099,131],{"class":95},[62,48101,2021],{"class":430},[62,48103,131],{"class":95},[62,48105,259],{"class":76},[62,48107,46744],{"class":80},[62,48109,259],{"class":76},[62,48111,103],{"class":95},[62,48113,284],{"class":99},[62,48115,1013],{"class":95},[14,48117,48118],{},"Not correct:",[53,48120,48122],{"className":55,"code":48121,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,48123,48124],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48125,48126],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48127,48121],{"class":146},[14,48129,48130,48131,8780,48133,48135],{},"That causes a ",[18,48132,1535],{},[18,48134,47966],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[48,48137,48139],{"id":48138},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48141,48142,48143,48145,48146,1940,48148,409],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,48144,3081],{}," are ",[18,48147,40857],{},[18,48149,1535],{},[1256,48151,48152],{"id":41665},[18,48153,40857],{},[14,48155,48156],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48158,201],{},[53,48160,48162],{"className":55,"code":48161,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48163,48164,48170,48188,48200],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48165,48166,48168],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48167,29965],{"class":729},[62,48169,749],{"class":95},[62,48171,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182,48184,48186],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,48173,754],{"class":127},[62,48175,131],{"class":95},[62,48177,2021],{"class":430},[62,48179,131],{"class":95},[62,48181,259],{"class":76},[62,48183,1596],{"class":80},[62,48185,259],{"class":76},[62,48187,1013],{"class":95},[62,48189,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,48191,29996],{"class":729},[62,48193,42078],{"class":430},[62,48195,47510],{"class":729},[62,48197,47513],{"class":68},[62,48199,749],{"class":95},[62,48201,48202,48204,48206,48208],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,48203,754],{"class":127},[62,48205,131],{"class":95},[62,48207,47542],{"class":139},[62,48209,434],{"class":95},[14,48211,2282],{},[53,48213,48215],{"className":55,"code":48214,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,48216,48217],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48218,48219,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232,48234,48236,48238,48240],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48220,48221],{"class":68},"invalid literal ",[62,48223,6154],{"class":729},[62,48225,45428],{"class":430},[62,48227,7557],{"class":95},[62,48229,47578],{"class":729},[62,48231,47581],{"class":68},[62,48233,100],{"class":99},[62,48235,267],{"class":95},[62,48237,3498],{"class":76},[62,48239,1596],{"class":80},[62,48241,29861],{"class":76},[14,48243,48244,48245,48248,48249,48251],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,48246,48247],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,48250,3081],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[53,48253,48255],{"className":55,"code":48254,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,48256,48257],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48258,48259,48261,48263,48265,48267,48269,48271,48273,48275,48277],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48260,128],{"class":127},[62,48262,131],{"class":95},[62,48264,2021],{"class":430},[62,48266,131],{"class":95},[62,48268,2025],{"class":430},[62,48270,131],{"class":95},[62,48272,259],{"class":76},[62,48274,1596],{"class":80},[62,48276,259],{"class":76},[62,48278,3115],{"class":95},[14,48280,2282],{},[53,48282,48283],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,48284,48285],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48286,48287],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48288,46769],{"class":99},[14,48290,48291,48292,1940,48295,409],{},"If you see this often, read ",[262,48293,48294],{"href":3165},"how to convert string to int in Python",[262,48296,25840,48297],{"href":46068},[18,48298,46069],{},[1256,48300,48301],{"id":41731},[18,48302,1535],{},[14,48304,48305],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48307,201],{},[53,48309,48311],{"className":55,"code":48310,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48312,48313,48319,48333,48346],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48314,48315,48317],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48316,29965],{"class":729},[62,48318,749],{"class":95},[62,48320,48321,48323,48325,48327,48329,48331],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,48322,754],{"class":127},[62,48324,131],{"class":95},[62,48326,2021],{"class":430},[62,48328,131],{"class":95},[62,48330,1548],{"class":1618},[62,48332,1013],{"class":95},[62,48334,48335,48337,48340,48342,48344],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,48336,29996],{"class":729},[62,48338,48339],{"class":430}," TypeError",[62,48341,47510],{"class":729},[62,48343,47513],{"class":68},[62,48345,749],{"class":95},[62,48347,48348,48350,48352,48354],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,48349,754],{"class":127},[62,48351,131],{"class":95},[62,48353,47542],{"class":139},[62,48355,434],{"class":95},[14,48357,2282],{},[53,48359,48361],{"className":55,"code":48360,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,48362,48363],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48364,48365,48367,48369,48372,48374,48376,48379,48381,48384,48386,48389,48391,48393,48395,48397,48400],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48366,2021],{"class":430},[62,48368,7557],{"class":95},[62,48370,48371],{"class":68}," argument must be a string",[62,48373,103],{"class":95},[62,48375,44696],{"class":68},[62,48377,48378],{"class":430},"bytes",[62,48380,2233],{"class":72},[62,48382,48383],{"class":68},"like ",[62,48385,431],{"class":430},[62,48387,48388],{"class":72}," or",[62,48390,40993],{"class":68},[62,48392,103],{"class":95},[62,48394,1794],{"class":72},[62,48396,3498],{"class":76},[62,48398,48399],{"class":80},"NoneType",[62,48401,29861],{"class":76},[14,48403,48404,48405,48407],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48406,47966],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[53,48409,48411],{"className":55,"code":48410,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48412,48413,48419,48437,48449],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48414,48415,48417],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48416,29965],{"class":729},[62,48418,749],{"class":95},[62,48420,48421,48423,48425,48427,48429,48431,48433,48435],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,48422,754],{"class":127},[62,48424,131],{"class":95},[62,48426,2021],{"class":430},[62,48428,131],{"class":95},[62,48430,46744],{"class":99},[62,48432,103],{"class":95},[62,48434,284],{"class":99},[62,48436,1013],{"class":95},[62,48438,48439,48441,48443,48445,48447],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,48440,29996],{"class":729},[62,48442,48339],{"class":430},[62,48444,47510],{"class":729},[62,48446,47513],{"class":68},[62,48448,749],{"class":95},[62,48450,48451,48453,48455,48457],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,48452,754],{"class":127},[62,48454,131],{"class":95},[62,48456,47542],{"class":139},[62,48458,434],{"class":95},[14,48460,2282],{},[53,48462,48464],{"className":55,"code":48463,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48465,48466],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48467,48468,48470,48472,48475,48477],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48469,2021],{"class":430},[62,48471,7557],{"class":95},[62,48473,48474],{"class":68}," can",[62,48476,3503],{"class":76},[62,48478,48479],{"class":80},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[48,48481,5160,48483],{"id":48482},"when-to-use-int",[18,48484,3081],{},[14,48486,169,48487,48489],{},[18,48488,3081],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48491,48492],{},"Common uses:",[29,48494,48495,48501,48504,48507],{},[32,48496,48497,48498,48500],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48499,3161],{}," into integers",[32,48502,48503],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[32,48505,48506],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[32,48508,48509,48510,36777],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48511,47966],{},[14,48513,48514],{},"Example with user input:",[53,48516,48518],{"className":55,"code":48517,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48519,48520,48534,48549,48553],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48521,48522,48525,48527,48529,48532],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48523,48524],{"class":68},"age_text ",[62,48526,73],{"class":72},[62,48528,77],{"class":76},[62,48530,48531],{"class":80},"18",[62,48533,84],{"class":76},[62,48535,48536,48538,48540,48542,48544,48547],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,48537,21790],{"class":68},[62,48539,73],{"class":72},[62,48541,45428],{"class":430},[62,48543,131],{"class":95},[62,48545,48546],{"class":139},"age_text",[62,48548,434],{"class":95},[62,48550,48551],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,48552,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,48554,48555,48557,48559,48561,48563,48565],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,48556,128],{"class":127},[62,48558,131],{"class":95},[62,48560,21790],{"class":139},[62,48562,2270],{"class":72},[62,48564,270],{"class":99},[62,48566,434],{"class":95},[14,48568,2282],{},[53,48570,48572],{"className":55,"code":48571,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"19\n",[18,48573,48574],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48575,48576],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48577,48571],{"class":99},[48,48579,1824],{"id":1823},[14,48581,14900,48582,409],{},[18,48583,3081],{},[1256,48585,48587],{"id":48586},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48589,48590],{},"This fails:",[53,48592,48594],{"className":55,"code":48593,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,48595,48596],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48597,48598],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48599,48593],{"class":146},[14,48601,48602,48603,48606],{},"Why: ",[18,48604,48605],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48608,19004],{},[53,48610,48612],{"className":55,"code":48611,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,48613,48614],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48615,48616,48618,48620,48622,48624,48626,48628,48630,48632,48634],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48617,128],{"class":127},[62,48619,131],{"class":95},[62,48621,2021],{"class":430},[62,48623,131],{"class":95},[62,48625,2025],{"class":430},[62,48627,131],{"class":95},[62,48629,259],{"class":76},[62,48631,41275],{"class":80},[62,48633,259],{"class":76},[62,48635,3115],{"class":95},[1256,48637,48639],{"id":48638},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48641,48590],{},[53,48643,48645],{"className":55,"code":48644,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48646,48647],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48648,48649],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48650,48644],{"class":146},[14,48652,48653],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1256,48655,48657,48658],{"id":48656},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48659,48660],{},"int(None)",[14,48662,48663,48664,48666],{},"This fails because ",[18,48665,1548],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[53,48668,48670],{"className":55,"code":48669,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48671,48672,48680,48684,48690,48704,48716],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48673,48674,48676,48678],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48675,1613],{"class":68},[62,48677,73],{"class":72},[62,48679,1619],{"class":1618},[62,48681,48682],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,48683,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,48685,48686,48688],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,48687,29965],{"class":729},[62,48689,749],{"class":95},[62,48691,48692,48694,48696,48698,48700,48702],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,48693,754],{"class":127},[62,48695,131],{"class":95},[62,48697,2021],{"class":430},[62,48699,131],{"class":95},[62,48701,1632],{"class":139},[62,48703,1013],{"class":95},[62,48705,48706,48708,48710,48712,48714],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,48707,29996],{"class":729},[62,48709,48339],{"class":430},[62,48711,47510],{"class":729},[62,48713,47513],{"class":68},[62,48715,749],{"class":95},[62,48717,48718,48720,48722,48724],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,48719,754],{"class":127},[62,48721,131],{"class":95},[62,48723,47542],{"class":139},[62,48725,434],{"class":95},[1256,48727,48729],{"id":48728},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48731,48590],{},[53,48733,48734],{"className":55,"code":48121,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,48735,48736],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48737,48738],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48739,48121],{"class":146},[14,48741,48742],{},"Use a string instead:",[53,48744,48745],{"className":55,"code":47974,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,48746,48747],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48748,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48767],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48750,128],{"class":127},[62,48752,131],{"class":95},[62,48754,2021],{"class":430},[62,48756,131],{"class":95},[62,48758,259],{"class":76},[62,48760,46744],{"class":80},[62,48762,259],{"class":76},[62,48764,103],{"class":95},[62,48766,284],{"class":99},[62,48768,1013],{"class":95},[1256,48770,8631,48772,48774],{"id":48771},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48773,3081],{}," to round",[14,48776,48777],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[53,48779,48781],{"className":55,"code":48780,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48782,48783],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48784,48785,48787,48789,48791,48793,48796],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48786,128],{"class":127},[62,48788,131],{"class":95},[62,48790,2021],{"class":430},[62,48792,131],{"class":95},[62,48794,48795],{"class":99},"4.9",[62,48797,1013],{"class":95},[14,48799,2282],{},[53,48801,48803],{"className":55,"code":48802,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"4\n",[18,48804,48805],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,48806,48807],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,48808,48802],{"class":99},[14,48810,3371,48811,48813,48814,48816],{},[18,48812,299],{},", remember that ",[18,48815,3081],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[48,48818,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,48820,12875,48822,48824],{"id":48821},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48823,3081],{}," round numbers?",[14,48826,46517,48827,48829],{},[18,48828,3081],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1256,48831,5356,48833,48836],{"id":48832},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48834,48835],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48838,29222,48839,48841,48842,48844,48845,40083],{},[18,48840,48247],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48843,3087],{}," first, then use ",[18,48846,3081],{},[1256,48848,5340,48850,12887],{"id":48849},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48851,48852],{},"int(True)",[14,48854,5346,48855,28474,48857,42307,48859,409],{},[18,48856,499],{},[18,48858,2098],{},[18,48860,665],{},[1256,48862,48864],{"id":48863},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48866,48867],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[48,48869,2109],{"id":2108},[29,48871,48872,48878,48884,48890,48895,48899,48905],{},[32,48873,48874],{},[262,48875,48876,3712],{"href":3084},[18,48877,3087],{},[32,48879,48880],{},[262,48881,48882,3712],{"href":42327},[18,48883,47836],{},[32,48885,48886],{},[262,48887,48888,3712],{"href":5976},[18,48889,4016],{},[32,48891,48892],{},[262,48893,48894],{"href":3165},"How to convert string to int in Python",[32,48896,48897],{},[262,48898,9238],{"href":9160},[32,48900,48901],{},[262,48902,48903,3712],{"href":8401},[18,48904,3161],{},[32,48906,48907],{},[262,48908,30509,48909],{"href":46068},[18,48910,46069],{},[2145,48912,48913],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":48915},[48916,48917,48919,48923,48928,48930,48932,48937,48941,48943,48952,48961],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":46781,"depth":87,"text":48918},"What int() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":48920},[48921,48922],{"id":46972,"depth":117,"text":46975},{"id":47072,"depth":117,"text":47075},{"id":47208,"depth":87,"text":48924,"children":48925},"Using int() with strings",[48926,48927],{"id":47330,"depth":117,"text":47331},{"id":47418,"depth":117,"text":47419},{"id":47693,"depth":87,"text":48929},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47839,"depth":87,"text":48931},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47959,"depth":87,"text":47960,"children":48933},[48934,48935,48936],{"id":47970,"depth":117,"text":47971},{"id":48039,"depth":117,"text":48040},{"id":48080,"depth":117,"text":48081},{"id":48138,"depth":87,"text":48139,"children":48938},[48939,48940],{"id":41665,"depth":117,"text":40857},{"id":41731,"depth":117,"text":1535},{"id":48482,"depth":87,"text":48942},"When to use int()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":48944},[48945,48946,48947,48949,48950],{"id":48586,"depth":117,"text":48587},{"id":48638,"depth":117,"text":48639},{"id":48656,"depth":117,"text":48948},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48728,"depth":117,"text":48729},{"id":48771,"depth":117,"text":48951},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":48953},[48954,48956,48958,48960],{"id":48821,"depth":117,"text":48955},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48832,"depth":117,"text":48957},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48849,"depth":117,"text":48959},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48863,"depth":117,"text":48864},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42248,"description":48962},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48969,"title":48970,"body":48971,"description":50805,"extension":2174,"meta":50806,"navigation":120,"path":44954,"seo":50807,"stem":50808,"__hash__":50809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48972,"toc":50761},[48973,48978,48983,48991,49000,49002,49059,49065,49070,49075,49078,49106,49109,49112,49123,49133,49135,49137,49157,49161,49189,49191,49230,49232,49240,49242,49245,49249,49302,49304,49316,49320,49377,49379,49391,49397,49403,49407,49410,49413,49479,49481,49493,49499,49501,49553,49556,49597,49600,49607,49616,49622,49625,49658,49664,49667,49698,49704,49707,49719,49723,49728,49732,49890,49892,49907,49910,49914,50018,50020,50037,50041,50102,50104,50112,50115,50119,50186,50188,50197,50203,50205,50214,50216,50251,50256,50258,50288,50292,50294,50331,50334,50336,50373,50379,50381,50431,50433,50441,50451,50457,50461,50466,50515,50517,50530,50533,50535,50538,50613,50616,50635,50638,50668,50678,50680,50685,50692,50698,50704,50711,50719,50725,50728,50730,50758],[10,48974,3779,48976,3783],{"id":48975},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,48977,44957],{},[14,48979,48980,48982],{},[18,48981,44957],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48984,48985,48986,2022,48988,48990],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,48987,3808],{},[18,48989,2098],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48992,48993,48994,48996,48997,48999],{},"In many cases, ",[18,48995,44957],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,48998,2507],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[48,49001,3813],{"id":3812},[53,49003,49005],{"className":55,"code":49004,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,49006,49007,49015,49019,49039],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49008,49009,49011,49013],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49010,1613],{"class":68},[62,49012,73],{"class":72},[62,49014,2791],{"class":99},[62,49016,49017],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49018,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49020,49021,49023,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033,49035,49037],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49022,128],{"class":127},[62,49024,131],{"class":95},[62,49026,1705],{"class":127},[62,49028,131],{"class":95},[62,49030,1632],{"class":139},[62,49032,103],{"class":95},[62,49034,45428],{"class":430},[62,49036,143],{"class":95},[62,49038,44006],{"class":146},[62,49040,49041,49043,49045,49047,49049,49051,49053,49055,49057],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,49042,128],{"class":127},[62,49044,131],{"class":95},[62,49046,1705],{"class":127},[62,49048,131],{"class":95},[62,49050,1632],{"class":139},[62,49052,103],{"class":95},[62,49054,1714],{"class":430},[62,49056,143],{"class":95},[62,49058,44023],{"class":146},[14,49060,169,49061,49064],{},[18,49062,49063],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[48,49066,3879,49068,3882],{"id":49067},"what-isinstance-does",[18,49069,44957],{},[14,49071,49072,49074],{},[18,49073,44957],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49076,49077],{},"It:",[29,49079,49080,49083,49089,49092],{},[32,49081,49082],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[32,49084,11596,49085,2022,49087],{},[18,49086,3808],{},[18,49088,2098],{},[32,49090,49091],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[32,49093,49094,49095,399,49097,399,49099,399,49101,404,49104],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,49096,3646],{},[18,49098,2021],{},[18,49100,8276],{},[18,49102,49103],{},"tuple",[18,49105,9001],{},[14,49107,49108],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49110,49111],{},"For example, you might want to:",[29,49113,49114,49117,49120],{},[32,49115,49116],{},"loop through a list",[32,49118,49119],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[32,49121,49122],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49124,49125,49126,2022,49129,409],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[262,49127,44949],{"href":49128},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[262,49130,49132],{"href":49131},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[48,49134,413],{"id":412},[14,49136,416],{},[53,49138,49140],{"className":55,"code":49139,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,49141,49142],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49143,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152,49155],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49145,1705],{"class":127},[62,49147,131],{"class":95},[62,49149,431],{"class":430},[62,49151,103],{"class":95},[62,49153,49154],{"class":139}," classinfo",[62,49156,434],{"class":95},[1256,49158,49160],{"id":49159},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[29,49162,49163,49168,49182],{},[32,49164,49165,49167],{},[18,49166,431],{}," is the value you want to test",[32,49169,49170,49173,49174,399,49176,399,49178,2398,49180],{},[18,49171,49172],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,49175,2021],{},[18,49177,3646],{},[18,49179,8276],{},[18,49181,9001],{},[32,49183,49184,49185,2022,49187],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,49186,3808],{},[18,49188,2098],{},[14,49190,201],{},[53,49192,49194],{"className":55,"code":49193,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,49195,49196,49208,49212],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49197,49198,49200,49202,49204,49206],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49199,211],{"class":68},[62,49201,73],{"class":72},[62,49203,77],{"class":76},[62,49205,11680],{"class":80},[62,49207,84],{"class":76},[62,49209,49210],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49211,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49213,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49215,128],{"class":127},[62,49217,131],{"class":95},[62,49219,1705],{"class":127},[62,49221,131],{"class":95},[62,49223,329],{"class":139},[62,49225,103],{"class":95},[62,49227,1714],{"class":430},[62,49229,1013],{"class":95},[14,49231,2282],{},[53,49233,49234],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,49235,49236],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49237,49238],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49239,4179],{"class":1618},[48,49241,11648],{"id":11647},[14,49243,49244],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1256,49246,49248],{"id":49247},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[53,49250,49252],{"className":55,"code":49251,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,49253,49254,49262,49266,49284],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49255,49256,49258,49260],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49257,1613],{"class":68},[62,49259,73],{"class":72},[62,49261,45377],{"class":99},[62,49263,49264],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49265,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49267,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49269,128],{"class":127},[62,49271,131],{"class":95},[62,49273,1705],{"class":127},[62,49275,131],{"class":95},[62,49277,1632],{"class":139},[62,49279,103],{"class":95},[62,49281,45428],{"class":430},[62,49283,1013],{"class":95},[62,49285,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,49287,128],{"class":127},[62,49289,131],{"class":95},[62,49291,1705],{"class":127},[62,49293,131],{"class":95},[62,49295,1632],{"class":139},[62,49297,103],{"class":95},[62,49299,1714],{"class":430},[62,49301,1013],{"class":95},[14,49303,2282],{},[53,49305,49306],{"className":55,"code":44325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,49307,49308,49312],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49309,49310],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49311,4179],{"class":1618},[62,49313,49314],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49315,4240],{"class":1618},[1256,49317,49319],{"id":49318},"check-text","Check text",[53,49321,49323],{"className":55,"code":49322,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,49324,49325,49337,49341,49359],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49326,49327,49329,49331,49333,49335],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49328,69],{"class":68},[62,49330,73],{"class":72},[62,49332,77],{"class":76},[62,49334,81],{"class":80},[62,49336,84],{"class":76},[62,49338,49339],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49340,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49342,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49344,128],{"class":127},[62,49346,131],{"class":95},[62,49348,1705],{"class":127},[62,49350,131],{"class":95},[62,49352,140],{"class":139},[62,49354,103],{"class":95},[62,49356,1714],{"class":430},[62,49358,1013],{"class":95},[62,49360,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49375],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,49362,128],{"class":127},[62,49364,131],{"class":95},[62,49366,1705],{"class":127},[62,49368,131],{"class":95},[62,49370,140],{"class":139},[62,49372,103],{"class":95},[62,49374,45428],{"class":430},[62,49376,1013],{"class":95},[14,49378,2282],{},[53,49380,49381],{"className":55,"code":44325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,49382,49383,49387],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49384,49385],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49386,4179],{"class":1618},[62,49388,49389],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49390,4240],{"class":1618},[14,49392,49393,49394,49396],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49395,44957],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49398,49399,49400,409],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[262,49401,49402],{"href":3165},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[48,49404,49406],{"id":49405},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49408,49409],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49411,49412],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[53,49414,49416],{"className":55,"code":49415,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49417,49418,49427,49431,49455],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49419,49420,49422,49424],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49421,1613],{"class":68},[62,49423,73],{"class":72},[62,49425,49426],{"class":99}," 3.5\n",[62,49428,49429],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49430,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49432,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49434,128],{"class":127},[62,49436,131],{"class":95},[62,49438,1705],{"class":127},[62,49440,131],{"class":95},[62,49442,1632],{"class":139},[62,49444,103],{"class":95},[62,49446,854],{"class":95},[62,49448,2021],{"class":430},[62,49450,103],{"class":95},[62,49452,40408],{"class":430},[62,49454,3115],{"class":95},[62,49456,49457,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,49458,128],{"class":127},[62,49460,131],{"class":95},[62,49462,1705],{"class":127},[62,49464,131],{"class":95},[62,49466,1632],{"class":139},[62,49468,103],{"class":95},[62,49470,854],{"class":95},[62,49472,3646],{"class":430},[62,49474,103],{"class":95},[62,49476,1733],{"class":430},[62,49478,3115],{"class":95},[14,49480,2282],{},[53,49482,49483],{"className":55,"code":44325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,49484,49485,49489],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49486,49487],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49488,4179],{"class":1618},[62,49490,49491],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49492,4240],{"class":1618},[14,49494,49495,49496,49498],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49497,40990],{}," conditions.",[14,49500,8479],{},[53,49502,49504],{"className":55,"code":49503,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49505,49506,49514,49518],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49507,49508,49510,49512],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49509,1613],{"class":68},[62,49511,73],{"class":72},[62,49513,49426],{"class":99},[62,49515,49516],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49517,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49519,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49541,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49521,128],{"class":127},[62,49523,131],{"class":95},[62,49525,1690],{"class":430},[62,49527,131],{"class":95},[62,49529,1632],{"class":139},[62,49531,741],{"class":95},[62,49533,1225],{"class":72},[62,49535,45428],{"class":430},[62,49537,48388],{"class":729},[62,49539,49540],{"class":430}," type",[62,49542,131],{"class":95},[62,49544,1632],{"class":139},[62,49546,741],{"class":95},[62,49548,1225],{"class":72},[62,49550,40408],{"class":430},[62,49552,434],{"class":95},[14,49554,49555],{},"you can write this:",[53,49557,49559],{"className":55,"code":49558,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49560,49561,49569,49573],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49562,49563,49565,49567],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49564,1613],{"class":68},[62,49566,73],{"class":72},[62,49568,49426],{"class":99},[62,49570,49571],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49572,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49574,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593,49595],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49576,128],{"class":127},[62,49578,131],{"class":95},[62,49580,1705],{"class":127},[62,49582,131],{"class":95},[62,49584,1632],{"class":139},[62,49586,103],{"class":95},[62,49588,854],{"class":95},[62,49590,2021],{"class":430},[62,49592,103],{"class":95},[62,49594,40408],{"class":430},[62,49596,3115],{"class":95},[14,49598,49599],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[48,49601,49603,10756,49605],{"id":49602},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,49604,44957],{},[18,49606,2507],{},[14,49608,10761,49609,1940,49611,49615],{},[18,49610,44957],{},[262,49612,49613],{"href":1819},[18,49614,2507],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1256,49617,49619],{"id":49618},"typevalue-int",[18,49620,49621],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49623,49624],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[53,49626,49628],{"className":55,"code":49627,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,49629,49630,49638],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49631,49632,49634,49636],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49633,1613],{"class":68},[62,49635,73],{"class":72},[62,49637,2791],{"class":99},[62,49639,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49641,128],{"class":127},[62,49643,131],{"class":95},[62,49645,1690],{"class":430},[62,49647,131],{"class":95},[62,49649,1632],{"class":139},[62,49651,741],{"class":95},[62,49653,1225],{"class":72},[62,49655,45428],{"class":430},[62,49657,434],{"class":95},[1256,49659,49661],{"id":49660},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49662,49663],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49665,49666],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[53,49668,49670],{"className":55,"code":49669,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49671,49672,49680],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49673,49674,49676,49678],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49675,1613],{"class":68},[62,49677,73],{"class":72},[62,49679,2791],{"class":99},[62,49681,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49683,128],{"class":127},[62,49685,131],{"class":95},[62,49687,1705],{"class":127},[62,49689,131],{"class":95},[62,49691,1632],{"class":139},[62,49693,103],{"class":95},[62,49695,45428],{"class":430},[62,49697,1013],{"class":95},[14,49699,49700,49701,49703],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49702,44957],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49705,49706],{},"In everyday code:",[29,49708,49709,49714],{},[32,49710,40144,49711,49713],{},[18,49712,2507],{}," when you need the exact type",[32,49715,40144,49716,49718],{},[18,49717,44957],{}," when you want a practical type check",[48,49720,49722],{"id":49721},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49724,49725,49726,409],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49727,44957],{},[1256,49729,49731],{"id":49730},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[53,49733,49735],{"className":55,"code":49734,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49736,49737,49755,49774,49786,49791,49809,49820,49824,49836,49840,49864],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49738,49739,49741,49744,49746,49748,49750,49753],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49740,35013],{"class":2276},[62,49742,49743],{"class":35016}," repeat_text",[62,49745,131],{"class":95},[62,49747,140],{"class":37823},[62,49749,103],{"class":95},[62,49751,49752],{"class":37823}," count",[62,49754,8521],{"class":95},[62,49756,49757,49759,49761,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49758,6592],{"class":729},[62,49760,1794],{"class":72},[62,49762,49763],{"class":127}," isinstance",[62,49765,131],{"class":95},[62,49767,140],{"class":139},[62,49769,103],{"class":95},[62,49771,1714],{"class":430},[62,49773,8521],{"class":95},[62,49775,49776,49779,49781,49784],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49777,49778],{"class":729},"        return",[62,49780,77],{"class":76},[62,49782,49783],{"class":80},"text must be a string",[62,49785,84],{"class":76},[62,49787,49788],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,49789,49790],{"class":68},"    \n",[62,49792,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,49794,6592],{"class":729},[62,49796,1794],{"class":72},[62,49798,49763],{"class":127},[62,49800,131],{"class":95},[62,49802,41411],{"class":139},[62,49804,103],{"class":95},[62,49806,45428],{"class":430},[62,49808,8521],{"class":95},[62,49810,49811,49813,49815,49818],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,49812,49778],{"class":729},[62,49814,77],{"class":76},[62,49816,49817],{"class":80},"count must be an integer",[62,49819,84],{"class":76},[62,49821,49822],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,49823,49790],{"class":68},[62,49825,49826,49828,49831,49833],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,49827,35024],{"class":729},[62,49829,49830],{"class":68}," text ",[62,49832,40026],{"class":72},[62,49834,49835],{"class":68}," count\n",[62,49837,49838],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,49839,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49841,49842,49844,49846,49849,49851,49853,49856,49858,49860,49862],{"class":64,"line":6627},[62,49843,128],{"class":127},[62,49845,131],{"class":95},[62,49847,49848],{"class":139},"repeat_text",[62,49850,131],{"class":95},[62,49852,259],{"class":76},[62,49854,49855],{"class":80},"Hi ",[62,49857,259],{"class":76},[62,49859,103],{"class":95},[62,49861,508],{"class":99},[62,49863,1013],{"class":95},[62,49865,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888],{"class":64,"line":11765},[62,49867,128],{"class":127},[62,49869,131],{"class":95},[62,49871,49848],{"class":139},[62,49873,131],{"class":95},[62,49875,259],{"class":76},[62,49877,49855],{"class":80},[62,49879,259],{"class":76},[62,49881,103],{"class":95},[62,49883,77],{"class":76},[62,49885,2273],{"class":80},[62,49887,259],{"class":76},[62,49889,1013],{"class":95},[14,49891,2282],{},[53,49893,49895],{"className":55,"code":49894,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,49896,49897,49902],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49898,49899],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49900,49901],{"class":68},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[62,49903,49904],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49905,49906],{"class":68},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49908,49909],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1256,49911,49913],{"id":49912},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[53,49915,49917],{"className":55,"code":49916,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,49918,49919,49951,49955,49971,49986,50003],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,49920,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947,49949],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,49922,1613],{"class":68},[62,49924,73],{"class":72},[62,49926,96],{"class":95},[62,49928,259],{"class":76},[62,49930,262],{"class":80},[62,49932,259],{"class":76},[62,49934,103],{"class":95},[62,49936,77],{"class":76},[62,49938,277],{"class":80},[62,49940,259],{"class":76},[62,49942,103],{"class":95},[62,49944,77],{"class":76},[62,49946,9912],{"class":80},[62,49948,259],{"class":76},[62,49950,114],{"class":95},[62,49952,49953],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,49954,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,49956,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,49958,730],{"class":729},[62,49960,49763],{"class":127},[62,49962,131],{"class":95},[62,49964,1632],{"class":139},[62,49966,103],{"class":95},[62,49968,1714],{"class":430},[62,49970,8521],{"class":95},[62,49972,49973,49975,49977,49979,49982,49984],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,49974,754],{"class":127},[62,49976,131],{"class":95},[62,49978,259],{"class":76},[62,49980,49981],{"class":80},"This is text",[62,49983,259],{"class":76},[62,49985,434],{"class":95},[62,49987,49988,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,49989,49990],{"class":729},"elif",[62,49992,49763],{"class":127},[62,49994,131],{"class":95},[62,49996,1632],{"class":139},[62,49998,103],{"class":95},[62,50000,1733],{"class":430},[62,50002,8521],{"class":95},[62,50004,50005,50007,50009,50011,50014,50016],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,50006,754],{"class":127},[62,50008,131],{"class":95},[62,50010,259],{"class":76},[62,50012,50013],{"class":80},"This is a list",[62,50015,259],{"class":76},[62,50017,434],{"class":95},[14,50019,2282],{},[53,50021,50023],{"className":55,"code":50022,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"This is a list\n",[18,50024,50025],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50026,50027,50030,50032,50034],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50028,50029],{"class":68},"This ",[62,50031,1791],{"class":72},[62,50033,44696],{"class":68},[62,50035,50036],{"class":430},"list\n",[1256,50038,50040],{"id":50039},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[53,50042,50044],{"className":55,"code":50043,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,50045,50046,50058,50062,50078,50092],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50047,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50049,1613],{"class":68},[62,50051,73],{"class":72},[62,50053,77],{"class":76},[62,50055,46678],{"class":80},[62,50057,84],{"class":76},[62,50059,50060],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50061,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,50063,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072,50074,50076],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,50065,730],{"class":729},[62,50067,49763],{"class":127},[62,50069,131],{"class":95},[62,50071,1632],{"class":139},[62,50073,103],{"class":95},[62,50075,1714],{"class":430},[62,50077,8521],{"class":95},[62,50079,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,50081,42042],{"class":68},[62,50083,73],{"class":72},[62,50085,45428],{"class":430},[62,50087,131],{"class":95},[62,50089,1632],{"class":139},[62,50091,434],{"class":95},[62,50093,50094,50096,50098,50100],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,50095,754],{"class":127},[62,50097,131],{"class":95},[62,50099,2445],{"class":139},[62,50101,434],{"class":95},[14,50103,2282],{},[53,50105,50106],{"className":55,"code":46764,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,50107,50108],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50109,50110],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50111,46764],{"class":99},[14,50113,50114],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1256,50116,50118],{"id":50117},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[53,50120,50122],{"className":55,"code":50121,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,50123,50124,50148,50152,50168],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50125,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50127,1613],{"class":68},[62,50129,73],{"class":72},[62,50131,256],{"class":95},[62,50133,259],{"class":76},[62,50135,329],{"class":80},[62,50137,259],{"class":76},[62,50139,267],{"class":95},[62,50141,77],{"class":76},[62,50143,1896],{"class":80},[62,50145,259],{"class":76},[62,50147,287],{"class":95},[62,50149,50150],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50151,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,50153,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164,50166],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,50155,730],{"class":729},[62,50157,49763],{"class":127},[62,50159,131],{"class":95},[62,50161,1632],{"class":139},[62,50163,103],{"class":95},[62,50165,1752],{"class":430},[62,50167,8521],{"class":95},[62,50169,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,50171,754],{"class":127},[62,50173,131],{"class":95},[62,50175,1632],{"class":139},[62,50177,948],{"class":95},[62,50179,259],{"class":76},[62,50181,329],{"class":80},[62,50183,259],{"class":76},[62,50185,4088],{"class":95},[14,50187,2282],{},[53,50189,50191],{"className":55,"code":50190,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Ana\n",[18,50192,50193],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50194,50195],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50196,50190],{"class":68},[14,50198,50199,50200,50202],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,50201,1535],{}," messages later.",[48,50204,4718],{"id":4717},[1256,50206,50208,50209,11264,50212],{"id":50207},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,50210,50211],{},"\"int\"",[18,50213,2021],{},[14,50215,16810],{},[53,50217,50219],{"className":55,"code":50218,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,50220,50221,50229],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50222,50223,50225,50227],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50224,1613],{"class":68},[62,50226,73],{"class":72},[62,50228,2791],{"class":99},[62,50230,50231,50233,50235,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50232,128],{"class":127},[62,50234,131],{"class":95},[62,50236,1705],{"class":127},[62,50238,131],{"class":95},[62,50240,1632],{"class":139},[62,50242,103],{"class":95},[62,50244,77],{"class":76},[62,50246,2021],{"class":80},[62,50248,259],{"class":76},[62,50250,1013],{"class":95},[14,50252,50253,50255],{},[18,50254,50211],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50257,16822],{},[53,50259,50260],{"className":55,"code":49669,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,50261,50262,50270],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50263,50264,50266,50268],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50265,1613],{"class":68},[62,50267,73],{"class":72},[62,50269,2791],{"class":99},[62,50271,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50273,128],{"class":127},[62,50275,131],{"class":95},[62,50277,1705],{"class":127},[62,50279,131],{"class":95},[62,50281,1632],{"class":139},[62,50283,103],{"class":95},[62,50285,45428],{"class":430},[62,50287,1013],{"class":95},[1256,50289,50291],{"id":50290},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50293,16810],{},[53,50295,50297],{"className":55,"code":50296,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,50298,50299,50307],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50300,50301,50303,50305],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50302,1613],{"class":68},[62,50304,73],{"class":72},[62,50306,35004],{"class":99},[62,50308,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50310,128],{"class":127},[62,50312,131],{"class":95},[62,50314,1705],{"class":127},[62,50316,131],{"class":95},[62,50318,1632],{"class":139},[62,50320,103],{"class":95},[62,50322,96],{"class":95},[62,50324,2021],{"class":430},[62,50326,103],{"class":95},[62,50328,40408],{"class":430},[62,50330,3201],{"class":95},[14,50332,50333],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50335,16822],{},[53,50337,50339],{"className":55,"code":50338,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50340,50341,50349],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50342,50343,50345,50347],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50344,1613],{"class":68},[62,50346,73],{"class":72},[62,50348,35004],{"class":99},[62,50350,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50352,128],{"class":127},[62,50354,131],{"class":95},[62,50356,1705],{"class":127},[62,50358,131],{"class":95},[62,50360,1632],{"class":139},[62,50362,103],{"class":95},[62,50364,854],{"class":95},[62,50366,2021],{"class":430},[62,50368,103],{"class":95},[62,50370,40408],{"class":430},[62,50372,3115],{"class":95},[1256,50374,25935,50376,50378],{"id":50375},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,50377,44957],{}," converts a value",[14,50380,19077],{},[53,50382,50384],{"className":55,"code":50383,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,50385,50386,50399,50417,50421],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50387,50388,50390,50392,50394,50397],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50389,1613],{"class":68},[62,50391,73],{"class":72},[62,50393,77],{"class":76},[62,50395,50396],{"class":80},"123",[62,50398,84],{"class":76},[62,50400,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50402,2435],{"class":68},[62,50404,73],{"class":72},[62,50406,49763],{"class":127},[62,50408,131],{"class":95},[62,50410,1632],{"class":139},[62,50412,103],{"class":95},[62,50414,45428],{"class":430},[62,50416,434],{"class":95},[62,50418,50419],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,50420,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,50422,50423,50425,50427,50429],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,50424,128],{"class":127},[62,50426,131],{"class":95},[62,50428,2470],{"class":139},[62,50430,434],{"class":95},[14,50432,2282],{},[53,50434,50435],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,50436,50437],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50438,50439],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50440,4240],{"class":1618},[14,50442,50443,50444,50447,50448,50450],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50445,50446],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50449,50396],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50452,50453,50454,6822],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50455,50456],{},"int(value)",[1256,50458,50460],{"id":50459},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50462,50463,50465],{},[18,50464,44957],{}," does not modify anything.",[53,50467,50469],{"className":55,"code":50468,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50470,50471,50483,50487,50505],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50472,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50474,1613],{"class":68},[62,50476,73],{"class":72},[62,50478,77],{"class":76},[62,50480,13725],{"class":80},[62,50482,84],{"class":76},[62,50484,50485],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50486,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,50488,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,50490,128],{"class":127},[62,50492,131],{"class":95},[62,50494,1705],{"class":127},[62,50496,131],{"class":95},[62,50498,1632],{"class":139},[62,50500,103],{"class":95},[62,50502,1714],{"class":430},[62,50504,1013],{"class":95},[62,50506,50507,50509,50511,50513],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,50508,128],{"class":127},[62,50510,131],{"class":95},[62,50512,1632],{"class":139},[62,50514,434],{"class":95},[14,50516,2282],{},[53,50518,50520],{"className":55,"code":50519,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\n100\n",[18,50521,50522,50526],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50523,50524],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50525,4179],{"class":1618},[62,50527,50528],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50529,47415],{"class":99},[14,50531,50532],{},"The value stays the same.",[48,50534,26103],{"id":26102},[14,50536,50537],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[53,50539,50541],{"className":55,"code":50540,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,50542,50543,50557,50575,50599],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,50544,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,50546,128],{"class":127},[62,50548,131],{"class":95},[62,50550,1690],{"class":430},[62,50552,131],{"class":95},[62,50554,1632],{"class":139},[62,50556,1013],{"class":95},[62,50558,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571,50573],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,50560,128],{"class":127},[62,50562,131],{"class":95},[62,50564,1705],{"class":127},[62,50566,131],{"class":95},[62,50568,1632],{"class":139},[62,50570,103],{"class":95},[62,50572,45428],{"class":430},[62,50574,1013],{"class":95},[62,50576,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591,50593,50595,50597],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,50578,128],{"class":127},[62,50580,131],{"class":95},[62,50582,1705],{"class":127},[62,50584,131],{"class":95},[62,50586,1632],{"class":139},[62,50588,103],{"class":95},[62,50590,854],{"class":95},[62,50592,2021],{"class":430},[62,50594,103],{"class":95},[62,50596,40408],{"class":430},[62,50598,3115],{"class":95},[62,50600,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609,50611],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,50602,128],{"class":127},[62,50604,131],{"class":95},[62,50606,41931],{"class":127},[62,50608,131],{"class":95},[62,50610,1632],{"class":139},[62,50612,1013],{"class":95},[14,50614,50615],{},"These can help when:",[29,50617,50618,50621,50626,50629],{},[32,50619,50620],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[32,50622,50623,50624],{},"you are getting a ",[18,50625,1535],{},[32,50627,50628],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[32,50630,50631,50632,50634],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50633,44957],{}," is invalid",[14,50636,50637],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[29,50639,50640,50654,50660,50665],{},[32,50641,50642,50643,2022,50646,50649,50650,2022,50652],{},"using ",[18,50644,50645],{},"'int'",[18,50647,50648],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50651,2021],{},[18,50653,3646],{},[32,50655,50656,50657,50659],{},"expecting ",[18,50658,44957],{}," to convert a value",[32,50661,50642,50662,50664],{},[18,50663,2507],{}," when inherited types should also match",[32,50666,50667],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50669,50670,50671,409],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[262,50672,50674,50675],{"href":50673},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50676,50677],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[48,50679,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,50681,5340,50683,5343],{"id":50682},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50684,44957],{},[14,50686,5346,50687,50689,50690,409],{},[18,50688,3808],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50691,2098],{},[1256,50693,5368,50695,50697],{"id":50694},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50696,44957],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50699,50700,50701,409],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50702,50703],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1256,50705,5378,50707,1940,50709,632],{"id":50706},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50708,44957],{},[18,50710,2507],{},[14,50712,50713,50715,50716,50718],{},[18,50714,2507],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50717,44957],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1256,50720,12875,50722,50724],{"id":50721},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50723,44957],{}," convert a value?",[14,50726,50727],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[48,50729,2109],{"id":2108},[29,50731,50732,50738,50742,50747,50752],{},[32,50733,50734],{},[262,50735,3779,50736,3712],{"href":1819},[18,50737,2507],{},[32,50739,50740],{},[262,50741,44949],{"href":49128},[32,50743,50744],{},[262,50745,50746],{"href":3165},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[32,50748,50749],{},[262,50750,50751],{"href":49131},"What is a data type in Python?",[32,50753,50754],{},[262,50755,50674,50756],{"href":50673},[18,50757,50677],{},[2145,50759,50760],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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type()",[50777,50778],{"id":49618,"depth":117,"text":49621},{"id":49660,"depth":117,"text":49663},{"id":49721,"depth":87,"text":49722,"children":50780},[50781,50782,50783,50784],{"id":49730,"depth":117,"text":49731},{"id":49912,"depth":117,"text":49913},{"id":50039,"depth":117,"text":50040},{"id":50117,"depth":117,"text":50118},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":50786},[50787,50789,50790,50792],{"id":50207,"depth":117,"text":50788},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50290,"depth":117,"text":50291},{"id":50375,"depth":117,"text":50791},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50459,"depth":117,"text":50460},{"id":26102,"depth":87,"text":26103},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":50795},[50796,50798,50800,50802],{"id":50682,"depth":117,"text":50797},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50694,"depth":117,"text":50799},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50706,"depth":117,"text":50801},"What is the difference between isinstance() and 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List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52588,"toc":54245},[52589,52592,52606,52612,52614,52668,52673,52677,52693,52696,52710,52716,52718,52721,52740,52756,52758,52834,52836,52873,52884,52886,52889,52950,52952,52985,52988,52994,52998,53001,53126,53128,53187,53195,53248,53250,53277,53283,53293,53297,53300,53305,53357,53359,53385,53391,53445,53447,53472,53475,53499,53505,53507,53511,53513,53570,53572,53580,53582,53604,53606,53659,53661,53685,53689,53691,53730,53732,53740,53746,53750,53802,53804,53830,53838,53842,53847,53856,53858,53924,53926,53958,53962,53967,53969,53983,53986,54059,54061,54087,54089,54093,54100,54104,54111,54115,54118,54120,54173,54175,54201,54205,54214,54216,54242],[10,52590,52586],{"id":52591},"python-list-append-method",[14,52593,2191,52594,52597,52598,52601,52602,52605],{},[18,52595,52596],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3946,52599,52600],{},"one item"," to the ",[3946,52603,52604],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52607,52608,52609,52611],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3946,52610,4830],{}," create a new list.",[48,52613,3813],{"id":3812},[53,52615,52617],{"className":55,"code":52616,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52618,52619,52639,52653,52663],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,52620,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,52622,225],{"class":68},[62,52624,73],{"class":72},[62,52626,96],{"class":95},[62,52628,499],{"class":99},[62,52630,103],{"class":95},[62,52632,284],{"class":99},[62,52634,103],{"class":95},[62,52636,508],{"class":99},[62,52638,114],{"class":95},[62,52640,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,52642,348],{"class":68},[62,52644,409],{"class":95},[62,52646,13720],{"class":139},[62,52648,131],{"class":95},[62,52650,2708],{"class":99},[62,52652,434],{"class":95},[62,52654,52655,52657,52659,52661],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,52656,128],{"class":127},[62,52658,131],{"class":95},[62,52660,348],{"class":139},[62,52662,434],{"class":95},[62,52664,52665],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,52666,52667],{"class":146},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52669,169,52670,52672],{},[18,52671,52596],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[48,52674,52676],{"id":52675},"what-append-does","What append() does",[29,52678,52679,52684,52687,52690],{},[32,52680,52681,52683],{},[18,52682,52596],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[32,52685,52686],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[32,52688,52689],{},"It does not create a new list",[32,52691,52692],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52694,52695],{},"This means you can append:",[29,52697,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706,52708],{},[32,52699,348],{},[32,52701,5508],{},[32,52703,40747],{},[32,52705,5499],{},[32,52707,7442],{},[32,52709,34825],{},[14,52711,52712,52713,409],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[262,52714,52715],{"href":402},"Python lists explained for beginners",[48,52717,5629],{"id":5628},[14,52719,52720],{},"Basic form:",[53,52722,52724],{"className":55,"code":52723,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,52725,52726],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,52727,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,52729,2069],{"class":68},[62,52731,409],{"class":95},[62,52733,13720],{"class":139},[62,52735,131],{"class":95},[62,52737,23470],{"class":139},[62,52739,434],{"class":95},[29,52741,52742,52747,52752],{},[32,52743,52744,52746],{},[18,52745,2069],{}," is the list you want to change",[32,52748,52749,52751],{},[18,52750,23470],{}," is the value or object to add",[32,52753,12082,52754],{},[18,52755,1548],{},[14,52757,201],{},[53,52759,52761],{"className":55,"code":52760,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,52762,52763,52787,52810,52814,52824],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,52764,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,52766,36400],{"class":68},[62,52768,73],{"class":72},[62,52770,96],{"class":95},[62,52772,259],{"class":76},[62,52774,901],{"class":80},[62,52776,259],{"class":76},[62,52778,103],{"class":95},[62,52780,77],{"class":76},[62,52782,910],{"class":80},[62,52784,259],{"class":76},[62,52786,114],{"class":95},[62,52788,52789,52791,52793,52796,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,52790,2435],{"class":68},[62,52792,73],{"class":72},[62,52794,52795],{"class":68}," fruits",[62,52797,409],{"class":95},[62,52799,13720],{"class":139},[62,52801,131],{"class":95},[62,52803,259],{"class":76},[62,52805,33383],{"class":80},[62,52807,259],{"class":76},[62,52809,434],{"class":95},[62,52811,52812],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,52813,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,52815,52816,52818,52820,52822],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,52817,128],{"class":127},[62,52819,131],{"class":95},[62,52821,36452],{"class":139},[62,52823,434],{"class":95},[62,52825,52826,52828,52830,52832],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,52827,128],{"class":127},[62,52829,131],{"class":95},[62,52831,2470],{"class":139},[62,52833,434],{"class":95},[14,52835,2282],{},[53,52837,52839],{"className":55,"code":52838,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,52840,52841,52869],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,52842,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,52844,948],{"class":95},[62,52846,3503],{"class":76},[62,52848,901],{"class":80},[62,52850,3503],{"class":76},[62,52852,103],{"class":95},[62,52854,3498],{"class":76},[62,52856,910],{"class":80},[62,52858,3503],{"class":76},[62,52860,103],{"class":95},[62,52862,3498],{"class":76},[62,52864,33383],{"class":80},[62,52866,3503],{"class":76},[62,52868,114],{"class":95},[62,52870,52871],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,52872,11979],{"class":1618},[14,52874,52875,52876,52878,52879,52881,52882,409],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,52877,52596],{}," updates ",[18,52880,36452],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,52883,1548],{},[48,52885,11648],{"id":11647},[14,52887,52888],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[53,52890,52892],{"className":55,"code":52891,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,52893,52894,52918,52936,52940],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,52895,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,52897,788],{"class":68},[62,52899,73],{"class":72},[62,52901,96],{"class":95},[62,52903,259],{"class":76},[62,52905,797],{"class":80},[62,52907,259],{"class":76},[62,52909,103],{"class":95},[62,52911,77],{"class":76},[62,52913,815],{"class":80},[62,52915,259],{"class":76},[62,52917,114],{"class":95},[62,52919,52920,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,52921,832],{"class":68},[62,52923,409],{"class":95},[62,52925,13720],{"class":139},[62,52927,131],{"class":95},[62,52929,259],{"class":76},[62,52931,806],{"class":80},[62,52933,259],{"class":76},[62,52935,434],{"class":95},[62,52937,52938],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,52939,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,52941,52942,52944,52946,52948],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,52943,128],{"class":127},[62,52945,131],{"class":95},[62,52947,832],{"class":139},[62,52949,434],{"class":95},[14,52951,2282],{},[53,52953,52955],{"className":55,"code":52954,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,52956,52957],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,52958,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,52960,948],{"class":95},[62,52962,3503],{"class":76},[62,52964,797],{"class":80},[62,52966,3503],{"class":76},[62,52968,103],{"class":95},[62,52970,3498],{"class":76},[62,52972,815],{"class":80},[62,52974,3503],{"class":76},[62,52976,103],{"class":95},[62,52978,3498],{"class":76},[62,52980,806],{"class":80},[62,52982,3503],{"class":76},[62,52984,114],{"class":95},[14,52986,52987],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,52989,31244,52990,409],{},[262,52991,52993],{"href":52992},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[48,52995,52997],{"id":52996},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,52999,53000],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[53,53002,53004],{"className":55,"code":53003,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53005,53006,53014,53018,53032,53050,53064,53090,53112,53116],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53007,53008,53010,53012],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53009,90],{"class":68},[62,53011,73],{"class":72},[62,53013,1273],{"class":95},[62,53015,53016],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53017,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53019,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,53021,161],{"class":68},[62,53023,409],{"class":95},[62,53025,13720],{"class":139},[62,53027,131],{"class":95},[62,53029,100],{"class":99},[62,53031,434],{"class":95},[62,53033,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,53035,161],{"class":68},[62,53037,409],{"class":95},[62,53039,13720],{"class":139},[62,53041,131],{"class":95},[62,53043,259],{"class":76},[62,53045,81],{"class":80},[62,53047,259],{"class":76},[62,53049,434],{"class":95},[62,53051,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,53053,161],{"class":68},[62,53055,409],{"class":95},[62,53057,13720],{"class":139},[62,53059,131],{"class":95},[62,53061,3808],{"class":1618},[62,53063,434],{"class":95},[62,53065,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,53067,161],{"class":68},[62,53069,409],{"class":95},[62,53071,13720],{"class":139},[62,53073,547],{"class":95},[62,53075,259],{"class":76},[62,53077,329],{"class":80},[62,53079,259],{"class":76},[62,53081,267],{"class":95},[62,53083,77],{"class":76},[62,53085,218],{"class":80},[62,53087,259],{"class":76},[62,53089,30658],{"class":95},[62,53091,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,53093,161],{"class":68},[62,53095,409],{"class":95},[62,53097,13720],{"class":139},[62,53099,496],{"class":95},[62,53101,499],{"class":99},[62,53103,103],{"class":95},[62,53105,284],{"class":99},[62,53107,103],{"class":95},[62,53109,508],{"class":99},[62,53111,4088],{"class":95},[62,53113,53114],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,53115,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53117,53118,53120,53122,53124],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,53119,128],{"class":127},[62,53121,131],{"class":95},[62,53123,161],{"class":139},[62,53125,434],{"class":95},[14,53127,2282],{},[53,53129,53131],{"className":55,"code":53130,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,53132,53133],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53134,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53136,948],{"class":95},[62,53138,100],{"class":99},[62,53140,103],{"class":95},[62,53142,3498],{"class":76},[62,53144,81],{"class":80},[62,53146,3503],{"class":76},[62,53148,103],{"class":95},[62,53150,4115],{"class":1618},[62,53152,103],{"class":95},[62,53154,256],{"class":95},[62,53156,3503],{"class":76},[62,53158,329],{"class":80},[62,53160,3503],{"class":76},[62,53162,267],{"class":95},[62,53164,3498],{"class":76},[62,53166,218],{"class":80},[62,53168,3503],{"class":76},[62,53170,53171],{"class":95},"},",[62,53173,96],{"class":95},[62,53175,499],{"class":99},[62,53177,103],{"class":95},[62,53179,284],{"class":99},[62,53181,103],{"class":95},[62,53183,508],{"class":99},[62,53185,53186],{"class":95},"]]\n",[14,53188,53189,53190,42307,53192,409],{},"A list added with ",[18,53191,52596],{},[3946,53193,53194],{},"one single item",[53,53196,53198],{"className":55,"code":53197,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53199,53200,53216,53234,53238],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53201,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53203,225],{"class":68},[62,53205,73],{"class":72},[62,53207,96],{"class":95},[62,53209,499],{"class":99},[62,53211,103],{"class":95},[62,53213,284],{"class":99},[62,53215,114],{"class":95},[62,53217,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226,53228,53230,53232],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53219,348],{"class":68},[62,53221,409],{"class":95},[62,53223,13720],{"class":139},[62,53225,496],{"class":95},[62,53227,2273],{"class":99},[62,53229,103],{"class":95},[62,53231,2661],{"class":99},[62,53233,4088],{"class":95},[62,53235,53236],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,53237,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53239,53240,53242,53244,53246],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,53241,128],{"class":127},[62,53243,131],{"class":95},[62,53245,348],{"class":139},[62,53247,434],{"class":95},[14,53249,2282],{},[53,53251,53253],{"className":55,"code":53252,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,53254,53255],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53256,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53258,948],{"class":95},[62,53260,499],{"class":99},[62,53262,103],{"class":95},[62,53264,284],{"class":99},[62,53266,103],{"class":95},[62,53268,96],{"class":95},[62,53270,2273],{"class":99},[62,53272,103],{"class":95},[62,53274,2661],{"class":99},[62,53276,53186],{"class":95},[14,53278,2492,53279,53282],{},[18,53280,53281],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53284,53285,53286,53292],{},"This is different from ",[262,53287,53289],{"href":53288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,53290,53291],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[48,53294,53296],{"id":53295},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53298,53299],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1256,53301,1834,53303],{"id":53302},"using-append",[18,53304,52596],{},[53,53306,53307],{"className":55,"code":53197,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,53308,53309,53325,53343,53347],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53310,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53312,225],{"class":68},[62,53314,73],{"class":72},[62,53316,96],{"class":95},[62,53318,499],{"class":99},[62,53320,103],{"class":95},[62,53322,284],{"class":99},[62,53324,114],{"class":95},[62,53326,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53328,348],{"class":68},[62,53330,409],{"class":95},[62,53332,13720],{"class":139},[62,53334,496],{"class":95},[62,53336,2273],{"class":99},[62,53338,103],{"class":95},[62,53340,2661],{"class":99},[62,53342,4088],{"class":95},[62,53344,53345],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,53346,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53348,53349,53351,53353,53355],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,53350,128],{"class":127},[62,53352,131],{"class":95},[62,53354,348],{"class":139},[62,53356,434],{"class":95},[14,53358,2282],{},[53,53360,53361],{"className":55,"code":53252,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,53362,53363],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53364,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53366,948],{"class":95},[62,53368,499],{"class":99},[62,53370,103],{"class":95},[62,53372,284],{"class":99},[62,53374,103],{"class":95},[62,53376,96],{"class":95},[62,53378,2273],{"class":99},[62,53380,103],{"class":95},[62,53382,2661],{"class":99},[62,53384,53186],{"class":95},[1256,53386,1834,53388],{"id":53387},"using-extend",[18,53389,53390],{},"extend()",[53,53392,53394],{"className":55,"code":53393,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53395,53396,53412,53431,53435],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53397,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53399,225],{"class":68},[62,53401,73],{"class":72},[62,53403,96],{"class":95},[62,53405,499],{"class":99},[62,53407,103],{"class":95},[62,53409,284],{"class":99},[62,53411,114],{"class":95},[62,53413,53414,53416,53418,53421,53423,53425,53427,53429],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53415,348],{"class":68},[62,53417,409],{"class":95},[62,53419,53420],{"class":139},"extend",[62,53422,496],{"class":95},[62,53424,2273],{"class":99},[62,53426,103],{"class":95},[62,53428,2661],{"class":99},[62,53430,4088],{"class":95},[62,53432,53433],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,53434,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53436,53437,53439,53441,53443],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,53438,128],{"class":127},[62,53440,131],{"class":95},[62,53442,348],{"class":139},[62,53444,434],{"class":95},[14,53446,2282],{},[53,53448,53450],{"className":55,"code":53449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53451,53452],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53453,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53455,948],{"class":95},[62,53457,499],{"class":99},[62,53459,103],{"class":95},[62,53461,284],{"class":99},[62,53463,103],{"class":95},[62,53465,508],{"class":99},[62,53467,103],{"class":95},[62,53469,2661],{"class":99},[62,53471,114],{"class":95},[14,53473,53474],{},"The difference:",[29,53476,53477,53483,53489,53494],{},[32,53478,53479,53482],{},[18,53480,53481],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[32,53484,53485,53488],{},[18,53486,53487],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[32,53490,169,53491,53493],{},[18,53492,52596],{}," for one item",[32,53495,169,53496,53498],{},[18,53497,53390],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53500,53501,53502,409],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[262,53503,53504],{"href":53288},"Python list extend() method",[48,53506,4718],{"id":4717},[1256,53508,53510],{"id":53509},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53512,25851],{},[53,53514,53516],{"className":55,"code":53515,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53517,53518,53538,53556,53560],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53519,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53521,90],{"class":68},[62,53523,73],{"class":72},[62,53525,96],{"class":95},[62,53527,499],{"class":99},[62,53529,103],{"class":95},[62,53531,284],{"class":99},[62,53533,103],{"class":95},[62,53535,508],{"class":99},[62,53537,114],{"class":95},[62,53539,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53541,90],{"class":68},[62,53543,73],{"class":72},[62,53545,6162],{"class":68},[62,53547,409],{"class":95},[62,53549,13720],{"class":139},[62,53551,131],{"class":95},[62,53553,2708],{"class":99},[62,53555,434],{"class":95},[62,53557,53558],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,53559,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53561,53562,53564,53566,53568],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,53563,128],{"class":127},[62,53565,131],{"class":95},[62,53567,161],{"class":139},[62,53569,434],{"class":95},[14,53571,2282],{},[53,53573,53574],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,53575,53576],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53577,53578],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53579,11979],{"class":1618},[14,53581,12071],{},[29,53583,53584,53589,53595],{},[32,53585,53586,53588],{},[18,53587,52596],{}," changes the list in place",[32,53590,53591,2602,53593],{},[18,53592,52596],{},[18,53594,1548],{},[32,53596,53597,53598,53601,53602],{},"So ",[18,53599,53600],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,53603,1548],{},[14,53605,10979],{},[53,53607,53609],{"className":55,"code":53608,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53610,53611,53631,53645,53649],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53612,53613,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53614,90],{"class":68},[62,53616,73],{"class":72},[62,53618,96],{"class":95},[62,53620,499],{"class":99},[62,53622,103],{"class":95},[62,53624,284],{"class":99},[62,53626,103],{"class":95},[62,53628,508],{"class":99},[62,53630,114],{"class":95},[62,53632,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641,53643],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53634,161],{"class":68},[62,53636,409],{"class":95},[62,53638,13720],{"class":139},[62,53640,131],{"class":95},[62,53642,2708],{"class":99},[62,53644,434],{"class":95},[62,53646,53647],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,53648,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53650,53651,53653,53655,53657],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,53652,128],{"class":127},[62,53654,131],{"class":95},[62,53656,161],{"class":139},[62,53658,434],{"class":95},[14,53660,2282],{},[53,53662,53663],{"className":55,"code":53449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,53664,53665],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53666,53667,53669,53671,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681,53683],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53668,948],{"class":95},[62,53670,499],{"class":99},[62,53672,103],{"class":95},[62,53674,284],{"class":99},[62,53676,103],{"class":95},[62,53678,508],{"class":99},[62,53680,103],{"class":95},[62,53682,2661],{"class":99},[62,53684,114],{"class":95},[1256,53686,53688],{"id":53687},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53690,19077],{},[53,53692,53694],{"className":55,"code":53693,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,53695,53696,53720],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53697,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53699,32044],{"class":68},[62,53701,73],{"class":72},[62,53703,96],{"class":95},[62,53705,499],{"class":99},[62,53707,103],{"class":95},[62,53709,284],{"class":99},[62,53711,13717],{"class":95},[62,53713,13720],{"class":139},[62,53715,131],{"class":95},[62,53717,2273],{"class":99},[62,53719,434],{"class":95},[62,53721,53722,53724,53726,53728],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53723,128],{"class":127},[62,53725,131],{"class":95},[62,53727,32063],{"class":139},[62,53729,434],{"class":95},[14,53731,2282],{},[53,53733,53734],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,53735,53736],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53737,53738],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53739,11979],{"class":1618},[14,53741,53742,53743,53745],{},"Remember: ",[18,53744,52596],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1256,53747,53749],{"id":53748},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[53,53751,53752],{"className":55,"code":53197,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,53753,53754,53770,53788,53792],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53755,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53757,225],{"class":68},[62,53759,73],{"class":72},[62,53761,96],{"class":95},[62,53763,499],{"class":99},[62,53765,103],{"class":95},[62,53767,284],{"class":99},[62,53769,114],{"class":95},[62,53771,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53773,348],{"class":68},[62,53775,409],{"class":95},[62,53777,13720],{"class":139},[62,53779,496],{"class":95},[62,53781,2273],{"class":99},[62,53783,103],{"class":95},[62,53785,2661],{"class":99},[62,53787,4088],{"class":95},[62,53789,53790],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,53791,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53793,53794,53796,53798,53800],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,53795,128],{"class":127},[62,53797,131],{"class":95},[62,53799,348],{"class":139},[62,53801,434],{"class":95},[14,53803,2282],{},[53,53805,53806],{"className":55,"code":53252,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,53807,53808],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53809,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53811,948],{"class":95},[62,53813,499],{"class":99},[62,53815,103],{"class":95},[62,53817,284],{"class":99},[62,53819,103],{"class":95},[62,53821,96],{"class":95},[62,53823,2273],{"class":99},[62,53825,103],{"class":95},[62,53827,2661],{"class":99},[62,53829,53186],{"class":95},[14,53831,3371,53832,53835,53836,6822],{},[18,53833,53834],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,53837,53390],{},[1256,53839,53841],{"id":53840},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53843,53844,53846],{},[18,53845,52596],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53848,53849,53850,409],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[262,53851,53853],{"href":53852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,53854,53855],{},"list.insert()",[14,53857,201],{},[53,53859,53861],{"className":55,"code":53860,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,53862,53863,53887,53910,53914],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53864,53865,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881,53883,53885],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53866,36253],{"class":68},[62,53868,73],{"class":72},[62,53870,96],{"class":95},[62,53872,259],{"class":76},[62,53874,262],{"class":80},[62,53876,259],{"class":76},[62,53878,103],{"class":95},[62,53880,77],{"class":76},[62,53882,9912],{"class":80},[62,53884,259],{"class":76},[62,53886,114],{"class":95},[62,53888,53889,53891,53893,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,53890,582],{"class":68},[62,53892,409],{"class":95},[62,53894,53895],{"class":139},"insert",[62,53897,131],{"class":95},[62,53899,499],{"class":99},[62,53901,103],{"class":95},[62,53903,77],{"class":76},[62,53905,277],{"class":80},[62,53907,259],{"class":76},[62,53909,434],{"class":95},[62,53911,53912],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,53913,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,53915,53916,53918,53920,53922],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,53917,128],{"class":127},[62,53919,131],{"class":95},[62,53921,582],{"class":139},[62,53923,434],{"class":95},[14,53925,2282],{},[53,53927,53928],{"className":55,"code":43026,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,53929,53930],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53931,53932,53934,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954,53956],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53933,948],{"class":95},[62,53935,3503],{"class":76},[62,53937,262],{"class":80},[62,53939,3503],{"class":76},[62,53941,103],{"class":95},[62,53943,3498],{"class":76},[62,53945,277],{"class":80},[62,53947,3503],{"class":76},[62,53949,103],{"class":95},[62,53951,3498],{"class":76},[62,53953,9912],{"class":80},[62,53955,3503],{"class":76},[62,53957,114],{"class":95},[48,53959,53961],{"id":53960},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53963,53964,53966],{},[18,53965,52596],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53968,36587],{},[29,53970,53971,53974,53977,53980],{},[32,53972,53973],{},"building a list in a loop",[32,53975,53976],{},"collecting user input",[32,53978,53979],{},"storing results step by step",[32,53981,53982],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53984,53985],{},"Example with a loop:",[53,53987,53989],{"className":55,"code":53988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,53990,53991,54000,54004,54025,54044,54048],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,53992,53993,53996,53998],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,53994,53995],{"class":68},"squares ",[62,53997,73],{"class":72},[62,53999,1273],{"class":95},[62,54001,54002],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54003,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54005,54006,54008,54010,54012,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54007,6154],{"class":729},[62,54009,6581],{"class":68},[62,54011,4082],{"class":729},[62,54013,54014],{"class":127}," range",[62,54016,131],{"class":95},[62,54018,499],{"class":99},[62,54020,103],{"class":95},[62,54022,4804],{"class":99},[62,54024,8521],{"class":95},[62,54026,54027,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,54028,54029],{"class":68},"    squares",[62,54031,409],{"class":95},[62,54033,13720],{"class":139},[62,54035,131],{"class":95},[62,54037,2422],{"class":139},[62,54039,40026],{"class":72},[62,54041,2402],{"class":139},[62,54043,434],{"class":95},[62,54045,54046],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,54047,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54049,54050,54052,54054,54057],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,54051,128],{"class":127},[62,54053,131],{"class":95},[62,54055,54056],{"class":139},"squares",[62,54058,434],{"class":95},[14,54060,2282],{},[53,54062,54064],{"className":55,"code":54063,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,54065,54066],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54067,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078,54081,54083,54085],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54069,948],{"class":95},[62,54071,499],{"class":99},[62,54073,103],{"class":95},[62,54075,2661],{"class":99},[62,54077,103],{"class":95},[62,54079,54080],{"class":99}," 9",[62,54082,103],{"class":95},[62,54084,14154],{"class":99},[62,54086,114],{"class":95},[48,54088,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,54090,54092],{"id":54091},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54094,46517,54095,54097,54098,409],{},[18,54096,52596],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,54099,1548],{},[1256,54101,54103],{"id":54102},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54105,54106,54107,409],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[262,54108,54109],{"href":53288},[18,54110,53390],{},[1256,54112,54114],{"id":54113},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54116,54117],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54119,201],{},[53,54121,54123],{"className":55,"code":54122,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,54124,54125,54141,54159,54163],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54126,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137,54139],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54128,251],{"class":68},[62,54130,73],{"class":72},[62,54132,96],{"class":95},[62,54134,499],{"class":99},[62,54136,103],{"class":95},[62,54138,284],{"class":99},[62,54140,114],{"class":95},[62,54142,54143,54145,54147,54149,54151,54153,54155,54157],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54144,367],{"class":68},[62,54146,409],{"class":95},[62,54148,13720],{"class":139},[62,54150,496],{"class":95},[62,54152,2273],{"class":99},[62,54154,103],{"class":95},[62,54156,2661],{"class":99},[62,54158,4088],{"class":95},[62,54160,54161],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54162,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54164,54165,54167,54169,54171],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,54166,128],{"class":127},[62,54168,131],{"class":95},[62,54170,367],{"class":139},[62,54172,434],{"class":95},[14,54174,2282],{},[53,54176,54177],{"className":55,"code":53252,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,54178,54179],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54180,54181,54183,54185,54187,54189,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54182,948],{"class":95},[62,54184,499],{"class":99},[62,54186,103],{"class":95},[62,54188,284],{"class":99},[62,54190,103],{"class":95},[62,54192,96],{"class":95},[62,54194,2273],{"class":99},[62,54196,103],{"class":95},[62,54198,2661],{"class":99},[62,54200,53186],{"class":95},[1256,54202,54204],{"id":54203},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54206,54207,54209,54210,54213],{},[18,54208,52596],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,54211,54212],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[48,54215,2109],{"id":2108},[29,54217,54218,54223,54227,54232,54236],{},[32,54219,54220],{},[262,54221,54222],{"href":52992},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[32,54224,54225],{},[262,54226,53504],{"href":53288},[32,54228,54229],{},[262,54230,54231],{"href":53852},"Python list insert() method",[32,54233,54234],{},[262,54235,52715],{"href":402},[32,54237,54238],{},[262,54239,54241],{"href":54240},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2145,54243,54244],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":54246},[54247,54248,54249,54250,54251,54252,54258,54264,54265,54271],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":52675,"depth":87,"text":52676},{"id":5628,"depth":87,"text":5629},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":52996,"depth":87,"text":52997},{"id":53295,"depth":87,"text":53296,"children":54253},[54254,54256],{"id":53302,"depth":117,"text":54255},"Using append()",{"id":53387,"depth":117,"text":54257},"Using extend()",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":54259},[54260,54261,54262,54263],{"id":53509,"depth":117,"text":53510},{"id":53687,"depth":117,"text":53688},{"id":53748,"depth":117,"text":53749},{"id":53840,"depth":117,"text":53841},{"id":53960,"depth":87,"text":53961},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":54266},[54267,54268,54269,54270],{"id":54091,"depth":117,"text":54092},{"id":54102,"depth":117,"text":54103},{"id":54113,"depth":117,"text":54114},{"id":54203,"depth":117,"text":54204},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52586,"description":54272},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54279,"title":54280,"body":54281,"description":55525,"extension":2174,"meta":55526,"navigation":120,"path":55527,"seo":55528,"stem":55529,"__hash__":55530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54282,"toc":55490},[54283,54289,54295,54301,54303,54351,54356,54361,54365,54381,54387,54389,54392,54407,54409,54420,54422,54424,54481,54483,54491,54493,54509,54515,54517,54523,54527,54611,54614,54663,54670,54678,54681,54695,54708,54714,54789,54796,54803,54877,54885,54888,54899,54908,54912,54916,54927,54929,55006,55027,55029,55039,55042,55090,55092,55113,55116,55118,55169,55175,55182,55249,55255,55261,55264,55291,55296,55302,55305,55377,55380,55391,55397,55399,55405,55408,55414,55420,55427,55435,55441,55447,55449,55487],[10,54284,54286,54287,11494],{"id":54285},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54288,11493],{},[14,54290,54291,54294],{},[18,54292,54293],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54296,54297,54298,54300],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3946,54299,11506],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[48,54302,3813],{"id":3812},[53,54304,54306],{"className":55,"code":54305,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54307,54308,54328,54338],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54309,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54311,90],{"class":68},[62,54313,73],{"class":72},[62,54315,96],{"class":95},[62,54317,499],{"class":99},[62,54319,103],{"class":95},[62,54321,284],{"class":99},[62,54323,103],{"class":95},[62,54325,508],{"class":99},[62,54327,114],{"class":95},[62,54329,54330,54332,54334,54336],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54331,161],{"class":68},[62,54333,409],{"class":95},[62,54335,11555],{"class":139},[62,54337,8822],{"class":95},[62,54339,54340,54342,54344,54346,54348],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54341,128],{"class":127},[62,54343,131],{"class":95},[62,54345,161],{"class":139},[62,54347,741],{"class":95},[62,54349,54350],{"class":146},"  # []\n",[14,54352,169,54353,54355],{},[18,54354,11493],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[48,54357,3879,54359,3882],{"id":54358},"what-listclear-does",[18,54360,54293],{},[14,54362,54363,267],{},[18,54364,54293],{},[29,54366,54367,54370,54373,54378],{},[32,54368,54369],{},"Removes every item from a list",[32,54371,54372],{},"Changes the original list in place",[32,54374,54375,54376],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,54377,3990],{},[32,54379,54380],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54382,54383,54384,54386],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,54385,11493],{},", but it contains no values.",[48,54388,413],{"id":412},[14,54390,54391],{},"Syntax:",[53,54393,54395],{"className":55,"code":54394,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,54396,54397],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54398,54399,54401,54403,54405],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54400,2069],{"class":68},[62,54402,409],{"class":95},[62,54404,11555],{"class":139},[62,54406,8822],{"class":95},[14,54408,11631],{},[29,54410,54411,54414,54417],{},[32,54412,54413],{},"Call it on a list object",[32,54415,54416],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[32,54418,54419],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[48,54421,11648],{"id":11647},[14,54423,11651],{},[53,54425,54427],{"className":55,"code":54426,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54428,54429,54453,54457,54467,54471],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54430,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439,54441,54443,54445,54447,54449,54451],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54432,225],{"class":68},[62,54434,73],{"class":72},[62,54436,96],{"class":95},[62,54438,100],{"class":99},[62,54440,103],{"class":95},[62,54442,106],{"class":99},[62,54444,103],{"class":95},[62,54446,111],{"class":99},[62,54448,103],{"class":95},[62,54450,244],{"class":99},[62,54452,114],{"class":95},[62,54454,54455],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54456,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54458,54459,54461,54463,54465],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54460,348],{"class":68},[62,54462,409],{"class":95},[62,54464,11555],{"class":139},[62,54466,8822],{"class":95},[62,54468,54469],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,54470,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54472,54473,54475,54477,54479],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,54474,128],{"class":127},[62,54476,131],{"class":95},[62,54478,348],{"class":139},[62,54480,434],{"class":95},[14,54482,2282],{},[53,54484,54485],{"className":55,"code":38453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,54486,54487],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54488,54489],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54490,38453],{"class":95},[14,54492,11854],{},[29,54494,54495,54500,54506],{},[32,54496,54497,54499],{},[18,54498,348],{}," starts with four items",[32,54501,54502,54505],{},[18,54503,54504],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[32,54507,54508],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54510,54511,54512,409],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[262,54513,52715],{"href":54514},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[48,54516,17584],{"id":17583},[14,54518,54519,2602,54521,409],{},[18,54520,11493],{},[18,54522,1548],{},[14,54524,41059,54525,52611],{},[3946,54526,4830],{},[53,54528,54530],{"className":55,"code":54529,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54531,54532,54564,54568,54582,54586,54599],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54533,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560,54562],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54535,90],{"class":68},[62,54537,73],{"class":72},[62,54539,96],{"class":95},[62,54541,259],{"class":76},[62,54543,262],{"class":80},[62,54545,259],{"class":76},[62,54547,103],{"class":95},[62,54549,77],{"class":76},[62,54551,277],{"class":80},[62,54553,259],{"class":76},[62,54555,103],{"class":95},[62,54557,77],{"class":76},[62,54559,9912],{"class":80},[62,54561,259],{"class":76},[62,54563,114],{"class":95},[62,54565,54566],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54567,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54569,54570,54572,54574,54576,54578,54580],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54571,2435],{"class":68},[62,54573,73],{"class":72},[62,54575,6162],{"class":68},[62,54577,409],{"class":95},[62,54579,11555],{"class":139},[62,54581,8822],{"class":95},[62,54583,54584],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,54585,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54587,54588,54590,54592,54594,54596],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,54589,128],{"class":127},[62,54591,131],{"class":95},[62,54593,161],{"class":139},[62,54595,741],{"class":95},[62,54597,54598],{"class":146},"   # []\n",[62,54600,54601,54603,54605,54607,54609],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,54602,128],{"class":127},[62,54604,131],{"class":95},[62,54606,2470],{"class":139},[62,54608,741],{"class":95},[62,54610,21038],{"class":146},[14,54612,54613],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[53,54615,54617],{"className":55,"code":54616,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54618,54619,54639,54653],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54620,54621,54623,54625,54627,54629,54631,54633,54635,54637],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54622,90],{"class":68},[62,54624,73],{"class":72},[62,54626,96],{"class":95},[62,54628,499],{"class":99},[62,54630,103],{"class":95},[62,54632,284],{"class":99},[62,54634,103],{"class":95},[62,54636,508],{"class":99},[62,54638,114],{"class":95},[62,54640,54641,54643,54645,54647,54649,54651],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54642,90],{"class":68},[62,54644,73],{"class":72},[62,54646,6162],{"class":68},[62,54648,409],{"class":95},[62,54650,11555],{"class":139},[62,54652,8822],{"class":95},[62,54654,54655,54657,54659,54661],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54656,128],{"class":127},[62,54658,131],{"class":95},[62,54660,161],{"class":139},[62,54662,434],{"class":95},[14,54664,12087,54665,42307,54667,54669],{},[18,54666,161],{},[18,54668,1548],{},", not an empty list.",[48,54671,54673,54675,54676],{"id":54672},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,54674,11493],{}," vs assigning ",[18,54677,3990],{},[14,54679,54680],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[53,54682,54683],{"className":55,"code":54394,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,54684,54685],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54686,54687,54689,54691,54693],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54688,2069],{"class":68},[62,54690,409],{"class":95},[62,54692,11555],{"class":139},[62,54694,8822],{"class":95},[53,54696,54698],{"className":55,"code":54697,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = []\n",[18,54699,54700],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54701,54702,54704,54706],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54703,2050],{"class":68},[62,54705,73],{"class":72},[62,54707,1273],{"class":95},[1256,54709,54711,54713],{"id":54710},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,54712,11493],{}," empties the same list object",[53,54715,54717],{"className":55,"code":54716,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,54718,54719,54739,54747,54751,54761,54765,54777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54720,54721,54723,54725,54727,54729,54731,54733,54735,54737],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54722,2758],{"class":68},[62,54724,73],{"class":72},[62,54726,96],{"class":95},[62,54728,499],{"class":99},[62,54730,103],{"class":95},[62,54732,284],{"class":99},[62,54734,103],{"class":95},[62,54736,508],{"class":99},[62,54738,114],{"class":95},[62,54740,54741,54743,54745],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54742,2786],{"class":68},[62,54744,73],{"class":72},[62,54746,36336],{"class":68},[62,54748,54749],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54750,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54752,54753,54755,54757,54759],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,54754,262],{"class":68},[62,54756,409],{"class":95},[62,54758,11555],{"class":139},[62,54760,8822],{"class":95},[62,54762,54763],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,54764,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54766,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,54768,128],{"class":127},[62,54770,131],{"class":95},[62,54772,262],{"class":139},[62,54774,741],{"class":95},[62,54776,54350],{"class":146},[62,54778,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,54780,128],{"class":127},[62,54782,131],{"class":95},[62,54784,277],{"class":139},[62,54786,741],{"class":95},[62,54788,54350],{"class":146},[14,54790,10761,54791,1940,54793,54795],{},[18,54792,262],{},[18,54794,277],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1256,54797,54799,54802],{"id":54798},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,54800,54801],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[53,54804,54806],{"className":55,"code":54805,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54807,54808,54828,54836,54840,54848,54852,54864],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54809,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824,54826],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54811,2758],{"class":68},[62,54813,73],{"class":72},[62,54815,96],{"class":95},[62,54817,499],{"class":99},[62,54819,103],{"class":95},[62,54821,284],{"class":99},[62,54823,103],{"class":95},[62,54825,508],{"class":99},[62,54827,114],{"class":95},[62,54829,54830,54832,54834],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54831,2786],{"class":68},[62,54833,73],{"class":72},[62,54835,36336],{"class":68},[62,54837,54838],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54839,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54841,54842,54844,54846],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,54843,2758],{"class":68},[62,54845,73],{"class":72},[62,54847,1273],{"class":95},[62,54849,54850],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,54851,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54853,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,54855,128],{"class":127},[62,54857,131],{"class":95},[62,54859,262],{"class":139},[62,54861,741],{"class":95},[62,54863,54350],{"class":146},[62,54865,54866,54868,54870,54872,54874],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,54867,128],{"class":127},[62,54869,131],{"class":95},[62,54871,277],{"class":139},[62,54873,741],{"class":95},[62,54875,54876],{"class":146},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54878,20933,54879,54881,54882,54884],{},[18,54880,262],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,54883,277],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54886,54887],{},"This difference matters when:",[29,54889,54890,54893,54896],{},[32,54891,54892],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[32,54894,54895],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[32,54897,54898],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54900,54901,54902,409],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[262,54903,54905,54906,10912],{"href":54904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,54907,12948],{},[48,54909,5160,54910],{"id":12608},[18,54911,11493],{},[14,54913,169,54914,6513],{},[18,54915,11493],{},[29,54917,54918,54921,54924],{},[32,54919,54920],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[32,54922,54923],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[32,54925,54926],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54928,201],{},[53,54930,54932],{"className":55,"code":54931,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,54933,54934,54970,54974,54979,54990,54994],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,54935,54936,54939,54941,54943,54945,54948,54950,54952,54954,54957,54959,54961,54963,54966,54968],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,54937,54938],{"class":68},"shopping_cart ",[62,54940,73],{"class":72},[62,54942,96],{"class":95},[62,54944,259],{"class":76},[62,54946,54947],{"class":80},"milk",[62,54949,259],{"class":76},[62,54951,103],{"class":95},[62,54953,77],{"class":76},[62,54955,54956],{"class":80},"bread",[62,54958,259],{"class":76},[62,54960,103],{"class":95},[62,54962,77],{"class":76},[62,54964,54965],{"class":80},"eggs",[62,54967,259],{"class":76},[62,54969,114],{"class":95},[62,54971,54972],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,54973,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54975,54976],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,54977,54978],{"class":146},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[62,54980,54981,54984,54986,54988],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,54982,54983],{"class":68},"shopping_cart",[62,54985,409],{"class":95},[62,54987,11555],{"class":139},[62,54989,8822],{"class":95},[62,54991,54992],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,54993,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,54995,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,54997,128],{"class":127},[62,54999,131],{"class":95},[62,55001,54983],{"class":139},[62,55003,741],{"class":95},[62,55005,54350],{"class":146},[14,55007,55008,55009,55013,55014,55020,55021,409],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[262,55010,55012],{"href":55011},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[262,55015,55017,10912],{"href":55016},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,55018,55019],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[262,55022,55024,10912],{"href":55023},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,55025,55026],{},"list.pop()",[48,55028,4718],{"id":4717},[1256,55030,55032,55033,11264,55036],{"id":55031},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,55034,55035],{},"my_list.clear",[18,55037,55038],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55040,55041],{},"This does not call the method.",[53,55043,55045],{"className":55,"code":55044,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,55046,55047,55067,55071,55080],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55048,55049,55051,55053,55055,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55050,90],{"class":68},[62,55052,73],{"class":72},[62,55054,96],{"class":95},[62,55056,499],{"class":99},[62,55058,103],{"class":95},[62,55060,284],{"class":99},[62,55062,103],{"class":95},[62,55064,508],{"class":99},[62,55066,114],{"class":95},[62,55068,55069],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55070,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55072,55073,55075,55077],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,55074,161],{"class":68},[62,55076,409],{"class":95},[62,55078,55079],{"class":24910},"clear\n",[62,55081,55082,55084,55086,55088],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,55083,128],{"class":127},[62,55085,131],{"class":95},[62,55087,161],{"class":139},[62,55089,434],{"class":95},[14,55091,2282],{},[53,55093,55095],{"className":55,"code":55094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55096,55097],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55098,55099,55101,55103,55105,55107,55109,55111],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55100,948],{"class":95},[62,55102,499],{"class":99},[62,55104,103],{"class":95},[62,55106,284],{"class":99},[62,55108,103],{"class":95},[62,55110,508],{"class":99},[62,55112,114],{"class":95},[14,55114,55115],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55117,10979],{},[53,55119,55121],{"className":55,"code":55120,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,55122,55123,55143,55147,55157],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55124,55125,55127,55129,55131,55133,55135,55137,55139,55141],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55126,90],{"class":68},[62,55128,73],{"class":72},[62,55130,96],{"class":95},[62,55132,499],{"class":99},[62,55134,103],{"class":95},[62,55136,284],{"class":99},[62,55138,103],{"class":95},[62,55140,508],{"class":99},[62,55142,114],{"class":95},[62,55144,55145],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55146,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55148,55149,55151,55153,55155],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,55150,161],{"class":68},[62,55152,409],{"class":95},[62,55154,11555],{"class":139},[62,55156,8822],{"class":95},[62,55158,55159,55161,55163,55165,55167],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,55160,128],{"class":127},[62,55162,131],{"class":95},[62,55164,161],{"class":139},[62,55166,741],{"class":95},[62,55168,54350],{"class":146},[1256,55170,8631,55172,55174],{"id":55171},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,55173,11493],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55176,55177,2602,55179,55181],{},[18,55178,11493],{},[18,55180,1548],{},", not the list.",[53,55183,55185],{"className":55,"code":55184,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,55186,55187,55207,55221,55225,55237],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55188,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201,55203,55205],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55190,90],{"class":68},[62,55192,73],{"class":72},[62,55194,96],{"class":95},[62,55196,499],{"class":99},[62,55198,103],{"class":95},[62,55200,284],{"class":99},[62,55202,103],{"class":95},[62,55204,508],{"class":99},[62,55206,114],{"class":95},[62,55208,55209,55211,55213,55215,55217,55219],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55210,2435],{"class":68},[62,55212,73],{"class":72},[62,55214,6162],{"class":68},[62,55216,409],{"class":95},[62,55218,11555],{"class":139},[62,55220,8822],{"class":95},[62,55222,55223],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,55224,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55226,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,55228,128],{"class":127},[62,55230,131],{"class":95},[62,55232,2470],{"class":139},[62,55234,741],{"class":95},[62,55236,21038],{"class":146},[62,55238,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,55240,128],{"class":127},[62,55242,131],{"class":95},[62,55244,161],{"class":139},[62,55246,741],{"class":95},[62,55248,54598],{"class":146},[1256,55250,1834,55252,55254],{"id":55251},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55253,11493],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55256,55257,55258,55260],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55259,11493],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55262,55263],{},"This will fail:",[53,55265,55267],{"className":55,"code":55266,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55268,55269,55281],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55270,55271,55273,55275,55277,55279],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55272,69],{"class":68},[62,55274,73],{"class":72},[62,55276,77],{"class":76},[62,55278,81],{"class":80},[62,55280,84],{"class":76},[62,55282,55283,55285,55287,55289],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55284,140],{"class":68},[62,55286,409],{"class":95},[62,55288,11555],{"class":139},[62,55290,8822],{"class":95},[14,55292,55293,55294,33763],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55295,11493],{},[14,55297,55298,55299,55301],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55300,1548],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55303,55304],{},"Useful checks:",[53,55306,55308],{"className":55,"code":55307,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55309,55310,55320,55334,55348,55357,55367],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55311,55312,55314,55316,55318],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55313,128],{"class":127},[62,55315,131],{"class":95},[62,55317,2069],{"class":139},[62,55319,434],{"class":95},[62,55321,55322,55324,55326,55328,55330,55332],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55323,128],{"class":127},[62,55325,131],{"class":95},[62,55327,1690],{"class":430},[62,55329,131],{"class":95},[62,55331,2069],{"class":139},[62,55333,1013],{"class":95},[62,55335,55336,55338,55340,55342,55344,55346],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,55337,128],{"class":127},[62,55339,131],{"class":95},[62,55341,12820],{"class":127},[62,55343,131],{"class":95},[62,55345,2069],{"class":139},[62,55347,1013],{"class":95},[62,55349,55350,55352,55354],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,55351,43700],{"class":68},[62,55353,73],{"class":72},[62,55355,55356],{"class":68}," my_list\n",[62,55358,55359,55361,55363,55365],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,55360,2069],{"class":68},[62,55362,409],{"class":95},[62,55364,11555],{"class":139},[62,55366,8822],{"class":95},[62,55368,55369,55371,55373,55375],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,55370,128],{"class":127},[62,55372,131],{"class":95},[62,55374,30905],{"class":139},[62,55376,434],{"class":95},[14,55378,55379],{},"These can help you see:",[29,55381,55382,55385,55388],{},[32,55383,55384],{},"What the variable currently contains",[32,55386,55387],{},"Whether it is really a list",[32,55389,55390],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55392,55393,55394,409],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[262,55395,55396],{"href":54240},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[48,55398,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,55400,12875,55402,55404],{"id":55401},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,55403,54293],{}," delete the list?",[14,55406,55407],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1256,55409,12875,55411,55413],{"id":55410},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,55412,54293],{}," return a new list?",[14,55415,55416,55417,55419],{},"No. It returns ",[18,55418,1548],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1256,55421,5378,55423,1940,55425,632],{"id":55422},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55424,11493],{},[18,55426,54801],{},[14,55428,55429,55431,55432,55434],{},[18,55430,11493],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55433,54801],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1256,55436,28489,55438,55440],{"id":55437},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55439,11493],{}," on other types?",[14,55442,55443,55444,55446],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55445,11493],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[48,55448,2109],{"id":2108},[29,55450,55451,55455,55460,55467,55474,55480],{},[32,55452,55453],{},[262,55454,52715],{"href":54514},[32,55456,55457],{},[262,55458,55459],{"href":55011},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[32,55461,55462],{},[262,55463,55464,55465,10912],{"href":55023},"Python list ",[18,55466,12934],{},[32,55468,55469],{},[262,55470,55464,55471,10912],{"href":55016},[18,55472,55473],{},"remove()",[32,55475,55476],{},[262,55477,55464,55478,10912],{"href":54904},[18,55479,12948],{},[32,55481,55482],{},[262,55483,30509,55484,33796],{"href":54240},[18,55485,55486],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2145,55488,55489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":55491},[55492,55493,55495,55496,55497,55498,55505,55506,55514,55524],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":54358,"depth":87,"text":55494},"What list.clear() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":54672,"depth":87,"text":55499,"children":55500},"clear() vs assigning []",[55501,55503],{"id":54710,"depth":117,"text":55502},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54798,"depth":117,"text":55504},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12608,"depth":87,"text":12980},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":55507},[55508,55510,55512],{"id":55031,"depth":117,"text":55509},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55171,"depth":117,"text":55511},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55251,"depth":117,"text":55513},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":55515},[55516,55518,55520,55522],{"id":55401,"depth":117,"text":55517},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55410,"depth":117,"text":55519},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55422,"depth":117,"text":55521},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55437,"depth":117,"text":55523},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54280,"description":55525},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55532,"title":55533,"body":55534,"description":57219,"extension":2174,"meta":57220,"navigation":120,"path":57221,"seo":57222,"stem":57223,"__hash__":57224},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55535,"toc":57187},[55536,55541,55547,55555,55557,55646,55653,55658,55662,55676,55678,55755,55757,55818,55821,55823,55825,55846,55849,55863,55866,55911,55913,55921,55924,55930,55936,55939,56016,56018,56063,56066,56071,56154,56156,56197,56202,56206,56212,56214,56222,56225,56318,56320,56378,56381,56397,56402,56412,56417,56419,56424,56429,56432,56434,56491,56494,56547,56553,56558,56562,56579,56581,56665,56667,56708,56716,56718,56723,56729,56731,56794,56799,56869,56873,56908,56911,56913,56952,56956,57032,57038,57044,57049,57071,57074,57093,57101,57103,57109,57112,57119,57127,57132,57135,57139,57145,57153,57156,57158,57184],[10,55537,54286,55539,11494],{"id":55538},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55540,12948],{},[14,55542,55543,55546],{},[18,55544,55545],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55548,55549,55550,14220,55552,55554],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55551,73],{},[3946,55553,4830],{}," make a real copy.",[48,55556,51],{"id":50},[53,55558,55560],{"className":55,"code":55559,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55561,55562,55582,55597,55601,55616,55620,55633],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55563,55564,55566,55568,55570,55572,55574,55576,55578,55580],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55565,225],{"class":68},[62,55567,73],{"class":72},[62,55569,96],{"class":95},[62,55571,499],{"class":99},[62,55573,103],{"class":95},[62,55575,284],{"class":99},[62,55577,103],{"class":95},[62,55579,508],{"class":99},[62,55581,114],{"class":95},[62,55583,55584,55587,55589,55591,55593,55595],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55585,55586],{"class":68},"new_numbers ",[62,55588,73],{"class":72},[62,55590,4462],{"class":68},[62,55592,409],{"class":95},[62,55594,13081],{"class":139},[62,55596,8822],{"class":95},[62,55598,55599],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,55600,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55602,55603,55606,55608,55610,55612,55614],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,55604,55605],{"class":68},"new_numbers",[62,55607,409],{"class":95},[62,55609,13720],{"class":139},[62,55611,131],{"class":95},[62,55613,2708],{"class":99},[62,55615,434],{"class":95},[62,55617,55618],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,55619,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55621,55622,55624,55626,55628,55630],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,55623,128],{"class":127},[62,55625,131],{"class":95},[62,55627,348],{"class":139},[62,55629,741],{"class":95},[62,55631,55632],{"class":146},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[62,55634,55635,55637,55639,55641,55643],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,55636,128],{"class":127},[62,55638,131],{"class":95},[62,55640,55605],{"class":139},[62,55642,741],{"class":95},[62,55644,55645],{"class":146},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55647,169,55648,55650,55651,409],{},[18,55649,55545],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3946,55652,13022],{},[48,55654,3879,55656,3882],{"id":55655},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55657,55545],{},[14,55659,55660,267],{},[18,55661,55545],{},[29,55663,55664,55667,55670,55673],{},[32,55665,55666],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[32,55668,55669],{},"Returns that new list",[32,55671,55672],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[32,55674,55675],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55677,201],{},[53,55679,55681],{"className":55,"code":55680,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,55682,55683,55715,55730,55734,55744],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55684,55685,55687,55689,55691,55693,55695,55697,55699,55701,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55686,36400],{"class":68},[62,55688,73],{"class":72},[62,55690,96],{"class":95},[62,55692,259],{"class":76},[62,55694,901],{"class":80},[62,55696,259],{"class":76},[62,55698,103],{"class":95},[62,55700,77],{"class":76},[62,55702,910],{"class":80},[62,55704,259],{"class":76},[62,55706,103],{"class":95},[62,55708,77],{"class":76},[62,55710,33383],{"class":80},[62,55712,259],{"class":76},[62,55714,114],{"class":95},[62,55716,55717,55720,55722,55724,55726,55728],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55718,55719],{"class":68},"copied_fruits ",[62,55721,73],{"class":72},[62,55723,52795],{"class":68},[62,55725,409],{"class":95},[62,55727,13081],{"class":139},[62,55729,8822],{"class":95},[62,55731,55732],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,55733,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55735,55736,55738,55740,55742],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,55737,128],{"class":127},[62,55739,131],{"class":95},[62,55741,36452],{"class":139},[62,55743,434],{"class":95},[62,55745,55746,55748,55750,55753],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,55747,128],{"class":127},[62,55749,131],{"class":95},[62,55751,55752],{"class":139},"copied_fruits",[62,55754,434],{"class":95},[14,55756,2282],{},[53,55758,55760],{"className":55,"code":55759,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,55761,55762,55790],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55763,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55765,948],{"class":95},[62,55767,3503],{"class":76},[62,55769,901],{"class":80},[62,55771,3503],{"class":76},[62,55773,103],{"class":95},[62,55775,3498],{"class":76},[62,55777,910],{"class":80},[62,55779,3503],{"class":76},[62,55781,103],{"class":95},[62,55783,3498],{"class":76},[62,55785,33383],{"class":80},[62,55787,3503],{"class":76},[62,55789,114],{"class":95},[62,55791,55792,55794,55796,55798,55800,55802,55804,55806,55808,55810,55812,55814,55816],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55793,948],{"class":95},[62,55795,3503],{"class":76},[62,55797,901],{"class":80},[62,55799,3503],{"class":76},[62,55801,103],{"class":95},[62,55803,3498],{"class":76},[62,55805,910],{"class":80},[62,55807,3503],{"class":76},[62,55809,103],{"class":95},[62,55811,3498],{"class":76},[62,55813,33383],{"class":80},[62,55815,3503],{"class":76},[62,55817,114],{"class":95},[14,55819,55820],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[48,55822,413],{"id":412},[14,55824,416],{},[53,55826,55828],{"className":55,"code":55827,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,55829,55830],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55831,55832,55835,55837,55840,55842,55844],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55833,55834],{"class":68},"new_list ",[62,55836,73],{"class":72},[62,55838,55839],{"class":68}," old_list",[62,55841,409],{"class":95},[62,55843,13081],{"class":139},[62,55845,8822],{"class":95},[14,55847,55848],{},"How it works:",[29,55850,55851,55857,55860],{},[32,55852,55853,55854,55856],{},"Call ",[18,55855,12948],{}," on an existing list",[32,55858,55859],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[32,55861,55862],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55864,55865],{},"Example with an empty list:",[53,55867,55869],{"className":55,"code":55868,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,55870,55871,55880,55896,55900],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55872,55873,55876,55878],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55874,55875],{"class":68},"empty_list ",[62,55877,73],{"class":72},[62,55879,1273],{"class":95},[62,55881,55882,55885,55887,55890,55892,55894],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55883,55884],{"class":68},"new_empty_list ",[62,55886,73],{"class":72},[62,55888,55889],{"class":68}," empty_list",[62,55891,409],{"class":95},[62,55893,13081],{"class":139},[62,55895,8822],{"class":95},[62,55897,55898],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,55899,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55901,55902,55904,55906,55909],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,55903,128],{"class":127},[62,55905,131],{"class":95},[62,55907,55908],{"class":139},"new_empty_list",[62,55910,434],{"class":95},[14,55912,2282],{},[53,55914,55915],{"className":55,"code":38453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,55916,55917],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55918,55919],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55920,38453],{"class":95},[14,55922,55923],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[48,55925,55927,55928],{"id":55926},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,55929,73],{},[14,55931,1834,55932,14220,55934,52611],{},[18,55933,73],{},[3946,55935,4830],{},[14,55937,55938],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[53,55940,55942],{"className":55,"code":55941,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,55943,55944,55964,55973,55977,55992,55996,56006],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,55945,55946,55948,55950,55952,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,55947,225],{"class":68},[62,55949,73],{"class":72},[62,55951,96],{"class":95},[62,55953,499],{"class":99},[62,55955,103],{"class":95},[62,55957,284],{"class":99},[62,55959,103],{"class":95},[62,55961,508],{"class":99},[62,55963,114],{"class":95},[62,55965,55966,55969,55971],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,55967,55968],{"class":68},"same_list ",[62,55970,73],{"class":72},[62,55972,44133],{"class":68},[62,55974,55975],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,55976,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55978,55979,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,55980,55981],{"class":68},"same_list",[62,55983,409],{"class":95},[62,55985,13720],{"class":139},[62,55987,131],{"class":95},[62,55989,2708],{"class":99},[62,55991,434],{"class":95},[62,55993,55994],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,55995,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,55997,55998,56000,56002,56004],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,55999,128],{"class":127},[62,56001,131],{"class":95},[62,56003,348],{"class":139},[62,56005,434],{"class":95},[62,56007,56008,56010,56012,56014],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,56009,128],{"class":127},[62,56011,131],{"class":95},[62,56013,55981],{"class":139},[62,56015,434],{"class":95},[14,56017,2282],{},[53,56019,56021],{"className":55,"code":56020,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56022,56023,56043],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56024,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56026,948],{"class":95},[62,56028,499],{"class":99},[62,56030,103],{"class":95},[62,56032,284],{"class":99},[62,56034,103],{"class":95},[62,56036,508],{"class":99},[62,56038,103],{"class":95},[62,56040,2661],{"class":99},[62,56042,114],{"class":95},[62,56044,56045,56047,56049,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059,56061],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56046,948],{"class":95},[62,56048,499],{"class":99},[62,56050,103],{"class":95},[62,56052,284],{"class":99},[62,56054,103],{"class":95},[62,56056,508],{"class":99},[62,56058,103],{"class":95},[62,56060,2661],{"class":99},[62,56062,114],{"class":95},[14,56064,56065],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56067,56068,56069,267],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,56070,12948],{},[53,56072,56074],{"className":55,"code":56073,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,56075,56076,56096,56111,56115,56130,56134,56144],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56077,56078,56080,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56079,225],{"class":68},[62,56081,73],{"class":72},[62,56083,96],{"class":95},[62,56085,499],{"class":99},[62,56087,103],{"class":95},[62,56089,284],{"class":99},[62,56091,103],{"class":95},[62,56093,508],{"class":99},[62,56095,114],{"class":95},[62,56097,56098,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56099,56100],{"class":68},"copied_numbers ",[62,56102,73],{"class":72},[62,56104,4462],{"class":68},[62,56106,409],{"class":95},[62,56108,13081],{"class":139},[62,56110,8822],{"class":95},[62,56112,56113],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,56114,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56116,56117,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,56118,56119],{"class":68},"copied_numbers",[62,56121,409],{"class":95},[62,56123,13720],{"class":139},[62,56125,131],{"class":95},[62,56127,2708],{"class":99},[62,56129,434],{"class":95},[62,56131,56132],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,56133,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56135,56136,56138,56140,56142],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,56137,128],{"class":127},[62,56139,131],{"class":95},[62,56141,348],{"class":139},[62,56143,434],{"class":95},[62,56145,56146,56148,56150,56152],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,56147,128],{"class":127},[62,56149,131],{"class":95},[62,56151,56119],{"class":139},[62,56153,434],{"class":95},[14,56155,2282],{},[53,56157,56159],{"className":55,"code":56158,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56160,56161,56177],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56162,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56164,948],{"class":95},[62,56166,499],{"class":99},[62,56168,103],{"class":95},[62,56170,284],{"class":99},[62,56172,103],{"class":95},[62,56174,508],{"class":99},[62,56176,114],{"class":95},[62,56178,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56195],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56180,948],{"class":95},[62,56182,499],{"class":99},[62,56184,103],{"class":95},[62,56186,284],{"class":99},[62,56188,103],{"class":95},[62,56190,508],{"class":99},[62,56192,103],{"class":95},[62,56194,2661],{"class":99},[62,56196,114],{"class":95},[14,56198,56199,56200,409],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[262,56201,52715],{"href":402},[48,56203,56205],{"id":56204},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56207,56208,13019,56210,409],{},[18,56209,55545],{},[3946,56211,13022],{},[14,56213,2319],{},[29,56215,56216,56219],{},[32,56217,56218],{},"The outer list is new",[32,56220,56221],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56223,56224],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[53,56226,56228],{"className":55,"code":56227,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56229,56230,56257,56271,56275,56294,56298,56308],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56231,56232,56234,56236,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56233,12257],{"class":68},[62,56235,73],{"class":72},[62,56237,56238],{"class":95}," [[",[62,56240,499],{"class":99},[62,56242,103],{"class":95},[62,56244,284],{"class":99},[62,56246,18225],{"class":95},[62,56248,96],{"class":95},[62,56250,2273],{"class":99},[62,56252,103],{"class":95},[62,56254,2661],{"class":99},[62,56256,53186],{"class":95},[62,56258,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56260,14478],{"class":68},[62,56262,73],{"class":72},[62,56264,12332],{"class":68},[62,56266,409],{"class":95},[62,56268,13081],{"class":139},[62,56270,8822],{"class":95},[62,56272,56273],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,56274,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56276,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287,56289,56292],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,56278,14497],{"class":68},[62,56280,948],{"class":95},[62,56282,665],{"class":99},[62,56284,13717],{"class":95},[62,56286,13720],{"class":139},[62,56288,131],{"class":95},[62,56290,56291],{"class":99},"99",[62,56293,434],{"class":95},[62,56295,56296],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,56297,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56299,56300,56302,56304,56306],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,56301,128],{"class":127},[62,56303,131],{"class":95},[62,56305,12304],{"class":139},[62,56307,434],{"class":95},[62,56309,56310,56312,56314,56316],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,56311,128],{"class":127},[62,56313,131],{"class":95},[62,56315,14497],{"class":139},[62,56317,434],{"class":95},[14,56319,2282],{},[53,56321,56323],{"className":55,"code":56322,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,56324,56325,56352],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56326,56327,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56328,56329],{"class":95},"[[",[62,56331,499],{"class":99},[62,56333,103],{"class":95},[62,56335,284],{"class":99},[62,56337,103],{"class":95},[62,56339,10369],{"class":99},[62,56341,18225],{"class":95},[62,56343,96],{"class":95},[62,56345,2273],{"class":99},[62,56347,103],{"class":95},[62,56349,2661],{"class":99},[62,56351,53186],{"class":95},[62,56353,56354,56356,56358,56360,56362,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56355,56329],{"class":95},[62,56357,499],{"class":99},[62,56359,103],{"class":95},[62,56361,284],{"class":99},[62,56363,103],{"class":95},[62,56365,10369],{"class":99},[62,56367,18225],{"class":95},[62,56369,96],{"class":95},[62,56371,2273],{"class":99},[62,56373,103],{"class":95},[62,56375,2661],{"class":99},[62,56377,53186],{"class":95},[14,56379,56380],{},"Why did both change?",[29,56382,56383,56390],{},[32,56384,56385,1940,56387,56389],{},[18,56386,12304],{},[18,56388,14497],{}," are different outer lists",[32,56391,56392,56393,56396],{},"But the inner list ",[18,56394,56395],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56398,53597,56399,56401],{},[18,56400,12948],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[29,56403,56404,56407,56410],{},[32,56405,56406],{},"Numbers",[32,56408,56409],{},"Strings",[32,56411,40748],{},[14,56413,56414,56415,409],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[262,56416,13957],{"href":13956},[48,56418,17584],{"id":17583},[14,56420,56421,56423],{},[18,56422,55545],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56425,41059,56426,56428],{},[3946,56427,4830],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56430,56431],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56433,16822],{},[53,56435,56437],{"className":55,"code":56436,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56438,56439,56463,56477,56481],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56440,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56442,788],{"class":68},[62,56444,73],{"class":72},[62,56446,96],{"class":95},[62,56448,259],{"class":76},[62,56450,797],{"class":80},[62,56452,259],{"class":76},[62,56454,103],{"class":95},[62,56456,77],{"class":76},[62,56458,815],{"class":80},[62,56460,259],{"class":76},[62,56462,114],{"class":95},[62,56464,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56466,13286],{"class":68},[62,56468,73],{"class":72},[62,56470,13291],{"class":68},[62,56472,409],{"class":95},[62,56474,13081],{"class":139},[62,56476,8822],{"class":95},[62,56478,56479],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,56480,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56482,56483,56485,56487,56489],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,56484,128],{"class":127},[62,56486,131],{"class":95},[62,56488,13310],{"class":139},[62,56490,434],{"class":95},[14,56492,56493],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[53,56495,56497],{"className":55,"code":56496,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56498,56499,56523,56533,56537],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56502,788],{"class":68},[62,56504,73],{"class":72},[62,56506,96],{"class":95},[62,56508,259],{"class":76},[62,56510,797],{"class":80},[62,56512,259],{"class":76},[62,56514,103],{"class":95},[62,56516,77],{"class":76},[62,56518,815],{"class":80},[62,56520,259],{"class":76},[62,56522,114],{"class":95},[62,56524,56525,56527,56529,56531],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56526,832],{"class":68},[62,56528,409],{"class":95},[62,56530,13081],{"class":139},[62,56532,8822],{"class":95},[62,56534,56535],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,56536,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56538,56539,56541,56543,56545],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,56540,128],{"class":127},[62,56542,131],{"class":95},[62,56544,832],{"class":139},[62,56546,434],{"class":95},[14,56548,56549,56550,56552],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56551,12948],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[48,56554,5160,56556],{"id":56555},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56557,55545],{},[14,56559,169,56560,10772],{},[18,56561,55545],{},[29,56563,56564,56567,56570,56573],{},[32,56565,56566],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[32,56568,56569],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[32,56571,56572],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[32,56574,56575,56576],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56577,56578],{},"[:]",[14,56580,201],{},[53,56582,56584],{"className":55,"code":56583,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56585,56586,56606,56621,56625,56640,56644,56654],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56587,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56589,969],{"class":68},[62,56591,73],{"class":72},[62,56593,96],{"class":95},[62,56595,100],{"class":99},[62,56597,103],{"class":95},[62,56599,106],{"class":99},[62,56601,103],{"class":95},[62,56603,111],{"class":99},[62,56605,114],{"class":95},[62,56607,56608,56611,56613,56615,56617,56619],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56609,56610],{"class":68},"backup_scores ",[62,56612,73],{"class":72},[62,56614,5308],{"class":68},[62,56616,409],{"class":95},[62,56618,13081],{"class":139},[62,56620,8822],{"class":95},[62,56622,56623],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,56624,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56626,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56638],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,56628,1010],{"class":68},[62,56630,409],{"class":95},[62,56632,13720],{"class":139},[62,56634,131],{"class":95},[62,56636,56637],{"class":99},"40",[62,56639,434],{"class":95},[62,56641,56642],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,56643,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56645,56646,56648,56650,56652],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,56647,128],{"class":127},[62,56649,131],{"class":95},[62,56651,1010],{"class":139},[62,56653,434],{"class":95},[62,56655,56656,56658,56660,56663],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,56657,128],{"class":127},[62,56659,131],{"class":95},[62,56661,56662],{"class":139},"backup_scores",[62,56664,434],{"class":95},[14,56666,2282],{},[53,56668,56670],{"className":55,"code":56669,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,56671,56672,56692],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56673,56674,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56675,948],{"class":95},[62,56677,100],{"class":99},[62,56679,103],{"class":95},[62,56681,106],{"class":99},[62,56683,103],{"class":95},[62,56685,111],{"class":99},[62,56687,103],{"class":95},[62,56689,244],{"class":99},[62,56691,114],{"class":95},[62,56693,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56695,948],{"class":95},[62,56697,100],{"class":99},[62,56699,103],{"class":95},[62,56701,106],{"class":99},[62,56703,103],{"class":95},[62,56705,111],{"class":99},[62,56707,114],{"class":95},[14,56709,56710,56711,409],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[262,56712,55464,56714,10912],{"href":56713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,56715,52596],{},[48,56717,4718],{"id":4717},[14,56719,56720,56721,409],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,56722,55545],{},[1256,56724,1834,56726,56728],{"id":56725},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,56727,73],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56730,39352],{},[53,56732,56734],{"className":55,"code":56733,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56735,56736,56756,56764,56778,56782],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56737,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56739,2758],{"class":68},[62,56741,73],{"class":72},[62,56743,96],{"class":95},[62,56745,499],{"class":99},[62,56747,103],{"class":95},[62,56749,284],{"class":99},[62,56751,103],{"class":95},[62,56753,508],{"class":99},[62,56755,114],{"class":95},[62,56757,56758,56760,56762],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56759,2786],{"class":68},[62,56761,73],{"class":72},[62,56763,36336],{"class":68},[62,56765,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774,56776],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,56767,277],{"class":68},[62,56769,409],{"class":95},[62,56771,13720],{"class":139},[62,56773,131],{"class":95},[62,56775,2708],{"class":99},[62,56777,434],{"class":95},[62,56779,56780],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,56781,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56783,56784,56786,56788,56790,56792],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,56785,128],{"class":127},[62,56787,131],{"class":95},[62,56789,262],{"class":139},[62,56791,741],{"class":95},[62,56793,55645],{"class":146},[14,56795,56796,56797,6822],{},"Fix: use ",[18,56798,12948],{},[53,56800,56802],{"className":55,"code":56801,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,56803,56804,56824,56839,56853,56857],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56805,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56807,2758],{"class":68},[62,56809,73],{"class":72},[62,56811,96],{"class":95},[62,56813,499],{"class":99},[62,56815,103],{"class":95},[62,56817,284],{"class":99},[62,56819,103],{"class":95},[62,56821,508],{"class":99},[62,56823,114],{"class":95},[62,56825,56826,56828,56830,56833,56835,56837],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56827,2786],{"class":68},[62,56829,73],{"class":72},[62,56831,56832],{"class":68}," a",[62,56834,409],{"class":95},[62,56836,13081],{"class":139},[62,56838,8822],{"class":95},[62,56840,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849,56851],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,56842,277],{"class":68},[62,56844,409],{"class":95},[62,56846,13720],{"class":139},[62,56848,131],{"class":95},[62,56850,2708],{"class":99},[62,56852,434],{"class":95},[62,56854,56855],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,56856,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56858,56859,56861,56863,56865,56867],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,56860,128],{"class":127},[62,56862,131],{"class":95},[62,56864,262],{"class":139},[62,56866,741],{"class":95},[62,56868,54876],{"class":146},[1256,56870,56872],{"id":56871},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[53,56874,56876],{"className":55,"code":56875,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,56877,56878,56898],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56879,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890,56892,56894,56896],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56881,225],{"class":68},[62,56883,73],{"class":72},[62,56885,96],{"class":95},[62,56887,499],{"class":99},[62,56889,103],{"class":95},[62,56891,284],{"class":99},[62,56893,103],{"class":95},[62,56895,508],{"class":99},[62,56897,114],{"class":95},[62,56899,56900,56902,56904,56906],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56901,348],{"class":68},[62,56903,409],{"class":95},[62,56905,13081],{"class":139},[62,56907,8822],{"class":95},[14,56909,56910],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56912,39415],{},[53,56914,56916],{"className":55,"code":56915,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,56917,56918,56938],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56919,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932,56934,56936],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56921,225],{"class":68},[62,56923,73],{"class":72},[62,56925,96],{"class":95},[62,56927,499],{"class":99},[62,56929,103],{"class":95},[62,56931,284],{"class":99},[62,56933,103],{"class":95},[62,56935,508],{"class":99},[62,56937,114],{"class":95},[62,56939,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56941,56100],{"class":68},[62,56943,73],{"class":72},[62,56945,4462],{"class":68},[62,56947,409],{"class":95},[62,56949,13081],{"class":139},[62,56951,8822],{"class":95},[1256,56953,56955],{"id":56954},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[53,56957,56959],{"className":55,"code":56958,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,56960,56961,56979,56993,56997,57015,57019],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,56962,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,56964,2758],{"class":68},[62,56966,73],{"class":72},[62,56968,56238],{"class":95},[62,56970,499],{"class":99},[62,56972,18225],{"class":95},[62,56974,96],{"class":95},[62,56976,1935],{"class":99},[62,56978,53186],{"class":95},[62,56980,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,56982,2786],{"class":68},[62,56984,73],{"class":72},[62,56986,56832],{"class":68},[62,56988,409],{"class":95},[62,56990,13081],{"class":139},[62,56992,8822],{"class":95},[62,56994,56995],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,56996,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,56998,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,57000,277],{"class":68},[62,57002,948],{"class":95},[62,57004,665],{"class":99},[62,57006,13717],{"class":95},[62,57008,13720],{"class":139},[62,57010,131],{"class":95},[62,57012,56291],{"class":99},[62,57014,434],{"class":95},[62,57016,57017],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,57018,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,57020,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,57022,128],{"class":127},[62,57024,131],{"class":95},[62,57026,262],{"class":139},[62,57028,741],{"class":95},[62,57030,57031],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57033,57034,57035,57037],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,57036,55545],{}," is shallow.",[1256,57039,25777,57041,57043],{"id":57040},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,57042,12948],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57045,57046,57048],{},[18,57047,12948],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[53,57050,57052],{"className":55,"code":57051,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,57053,57054,57066],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57055,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57057,211],{"class":68},[62,57059,73],{"class":72},[62,57061,77],{"class":76},[62,57063,718],{"class":80},[62,57065,84],{"class":76},[62,57067,57068],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,57069,57070],{"class":146},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57072,57073],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[53,57075,57077],{"className":55,"code":57076,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(name))\n",[18,57078,57079],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57080,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57082,128],{"class":127},[62,57084,131],{"class":95},[62,57086,1690],{"class":430},[62,57088,131],{"class":95},[62,57090,329],{"class":139},[62,57092,1013],{"class":95},[14,57094,57095,57096,57100],{},"You can also review ",[262,57097,57099],{"href":57098},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[48,57102,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,57104,12875,57106,57108],{"id":57105},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,57107,55545],{}," change the original list?",[14,57110,57111],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1256,57113,5378,57115,1940,57117,632],{"id":57114},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,57116,55545],{},[18,57118,73],{},[14,57120,57121,57123,57124,57126],{},[18,57122,12948],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,57125,73],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1256,57128,15070,57130,15073],{"id":57129},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,57131,55545],{},[14,57133,57134],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1256,57136,57138],{"id":57137},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57140,42304,57141,57144],{},[18,57142,57143],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1256,57146,15070,57148,57150,57151,632],{"id":57147},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,57149,55545],{}," the same as ",[18,57152,56578],{},[14,57154,57155],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[48,57157,2109],{"id":2108},[29,57159,57160,57165,57169,57174,57180],{},[32,57161,57162],{},[262,57163,15132],{"href":57164},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[32,57166,57167],{},[262,57168,52715],{"href":402},[32,57170,57171],{},[262,57172,57173],{"href":57098},"Creating a list in Python",[32,57175,57176],{},[262,57177,55464,57178,10912],{"href":56713},[18,57179,52596],{},[32,57181,57182],{},[262,57183,13957],{"href":13956},[2145,57185,57186],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":57188},[57189,57190,57192,57193,57195,57196,57197,57199,57207,57218],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":55655,"depth":87,"text":57191},"What list.copy() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":55926,"depth":87,"text":57194},"Why not use =",{"id":56204,"depth":87,"text":56205},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":56555,"depth":87,"text":57198},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":57200},[57201,57203,57204,57205],{"id":56725,"depth":117,"text":57202},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56871,"depth":117,"text":56872},{"id":56954,"depth":117,"text":56955},{"id":57040,"depth":117,"text":57206},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":57208},[57209,57211,57213,57215,57216],{"id":57105,"depth":117,"text":57210},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57114,"depth":117,"text":57212},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57129,"depth":117,"text":57214},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57137,"depth":117,"text":57138},{"id":57147,"depth":117,"text":57217},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55533,"description":57219},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57226,"title":57227,"body":57228,"description":58970,"extension":2174,"meta":58971,"navigation":120,"path":58972,"seo":58973,"stem":58974,"__hash__":58975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57229,"toc":58929},[57230,57236,57242,57245,57256,57259,57261,57324,57330,57335,57339,57353,57356,57361,57366,57368,57370,57389,57401,57403,57470,57472,57480,57485,57487,57495,57498,57515,57517,57641,57652,57656,57661,57664,57666,57684,57688,57774,57783,57791,57860,57862,57865,57877,57882,57886,57957,57960,57964,57968,58033,58035,58043,58047,58130,58132,58140,58144,58205,58207,58215,58219,58306,58308,58316,58321,58326,58329,58340,58342,58427,58432,58441,58443,58447,58451,58456,58518,58522,58530,58536,58545,58550,58599,58602,58623,58627,58689,58696,58701,58704,58791,58794,58805,58808,58828,58830,58836,58839,58843,58847,58853,58856,58862,58869,58877,58888,58890,58926],[10,57231,54286,57233,11494],{"id":57232},"python-list-count-method",[18,57234,57235],{},"count()",[14,57237,57238,57241],{},[18,57239,57240],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57243,57244],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[29,57246,57247,57250,57253],{},[32,57248,57249],{},"count one specific item",[32,57251,57252],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[32,57254,57255],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57257,57258],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[48,57260,3813],{"id":3812},[53,57262,57264],{"className":55,"code":57263,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57265,57266,57294,57312],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57267,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57269,225],{"class":68},[62,57271,73],{"class":72},[62,57273,96],{"class":95},[62,57275,499],{"class":99},[62,57277,103],{"class":95},[62,57279,284],{"class":99},[62,57281,103],{"class":95},[62,57283,284],{"class":99},[62,57285,103],{"class":95},[62,57287,508],{"class":99},[62,57289,103],{"class":95},[62,57291,284],{"class":99},[62,57293,114],{"class":95},[62,57295,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,57297,2435],{"class":68},[62,57299,73],{"class":72},[62,57301,4462],{"class":68},[62,57303,409],{"class":95},[62,57305,41411],{"class":139},[62,57307,131],{"class":95},[62,57309,1935],{"class":99},[62,57311,434],{"class":95},[62,57313,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,57315,128],{"class":127},[62,57317,131],{"class":95},[62,57319,2470],{"class":139},[62,57321,741],{"class":95},[62,57323,166],{"class":146},[14,57325,169,57326,57329],{},[18,57327,57328],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[48,57331,3879,57333,3882],{"id":57332},"what-listcount-does",[18,57334,57240],{},[14,57336,57337,267],{},[18,57338,57240],{},[29,57340,57341,57344,57347,57350],{},[32,57342,57343],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[32,57345,57346],{},"returns an integer",[32,57348,57349],{},"does not change the original list",[32,57351,57352],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57354,57355],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57357,57358,57359,409],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,57360,2273],{},[14,57362,57363,57364,409],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,57365,665],{},[48,57367,413],{"id":412},[14,57369,416],{},[53,57371,57373],{"className":55,"code":57372,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,57374,57375],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57376,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57378,2069],{"class":68},[62,57380,409],{"class":95},[62,57382,41411],{"class":139},[62,57384,131],{"class":95},[62,57386,1632],{"class":139},[62,57388,434],{"class":95},[29,57390,57391,57396],{},[32,57392,57393,57395],{},[18,57394,2069],{}," is the list you want to search",[32,57397,57398,57400],{},[18,57399,1632],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57402,201],{},[53,57404,57406],{"className":55,"code":57405,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,57407,57408,57448],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57409,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57411,36253],{"class":68},[62,57413,73],{"class":72},[62,57415,96],{"class":95},[62,57417,259],{"class":76},[62,57419,262],{"class":80},[62,57421,259],{"class":76},[62,57423,103],{"class":95},[62,57425,77],{"class":76},[62,57427,277],{"class":80},[62,57429,259],{"class":76},[62,57431,103],{"class":95},[62,57433,77],{"class":76},[62,57435,262],{"class":80},[62,57437,259],{"class":76},[62,57439,103],{"class":95},[62,57441,77],{"class":76},[62,57443,9912],{"class":80},[62,57445,259],{"class":76},[62,57447,114],{"class":95},[62,57449,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,57451,128],{"class":127},[62,57453,131],{"class":95},[62,57455,582],{"class":139},[62,57457,409],{"class":95},[62,57459,41411],{"class":139},[62,57461,131],{"class":95},[62,57463,259],{"class":76},[62,57465,262],{"class":80},[62,57467,259],{"class":76},[62,57469,1013],{"class":95},[14,57471,2282],{},[53,57473,57474],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,57475,57476],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57477,57478],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57479,17223],{"class":99},[14,57481,57482,57483,409],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57484,665],{},[48,57486,38176],{"id":38175},[14,57488,57489,57490,57492,57493,409],{},"The return value from ",[18,57491,57235],{}," is always an ",[18,57494,2021],{},[14,57496,57497],{},"Possible results:",[29,57499,57500,57505,57510],{},[32,57501,57502,57504],{},[18,57503,665],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[32,57506,57507,57509],{},[18,57508,499],{}," if it appears once",[32,57511,57512,57514],{},[18,57513,1935],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57516,201],{},[53,57518,57520],{"className":55,"code":57519,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57521,57522,57562,57566,57591,57616],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57523,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57525,788],{"class":68},[62,57527,73],{"class":72},[62,57529,96],{"class":95},[62,57531,259],{"class":76},[62,57533,797],{"class":80},[62,57535,259],{"class":76},[62,57537,103],{"class":95},[62,57539,77],{"class":76},[62,57541,815],{"class":80},[62,57543,259],{"class":76},[62,57545,103],{"class":95},[62,57547,77],{"class":76},[62,57549,806],{"class":80},[62,57551,259],{"class":76},[62,57553,103],{"class":95},[62,57555,77],{"class":76},[62,57557,815],{"class":80},[62,57559,259],{"class":76},[62,57561,114],{"class":95},[62,57563,57564],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,57565,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,57567,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,57569,128],{"class":127},[62,57571,131],{"class":95},[62,57573,832],{"class":139},[62,57575,409],{"class":95},[62,57577,41411],{"class":139},[62,57579,131],{"class":95},[62,57581,259],{"class":76},[62,57583,815],{"class":80},[62,57585,259],{"class":76},[62,57587,143],{"class":95},[62,57589,57590],{"class":146},"   # 2\n",[62,57592,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,57594,128],{"class":127},[62,57596,131],{"class":95},[62,57598,832],{"class":139},[62,57600,409],{"class":95},[62,57602,41411],{"class":139},[62,57604,131],{"class":95},[62,57606,259],{"class":76},[62,57608,797],{"class":80},[62,57610,259],{"class":76},[62,57612,143],{"class":95},[62,57614,57615],{"class":146},"    # 1\n",[62,57617,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,57619,128],{"class":127},[62,57621,131],{"class":95},[62,57623,832],{"class":139},[62,57625,409],{"class":95},[62,57627,41411],{"class":139},[62,57629,131],{"class":95},[62,57631,259],{"class":76},[62,57633,22685],{"class":80},[62,57635,259],{"class":76},[62,57637,143],{"class":95},[62,57639,57640],{"class":146}," # 0\n",[14,57642,57643,57644,57646,57647,57649,57650,409],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57645,57235],{}," works, but using ",[18,57648,4082],{}," is often simpler. See ",[262,57651,6393],{"href":6392},[48,57653,57655],{"id":57654},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57657,57658,57660],{},[18,57659,57240],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57662,57663],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57665,43801],{},[29,57667,57668,57671,57674,57681],{},[32,57669,57670],{},"matches are based on equality",[32,57672,57673],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[32,57675,57676,1940,57678,57680],{},[18,57677,499],{},[18,57679,3808],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[32,57682,57683],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1256,57685,57687],{"id":57686},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[53,57689,57691],{"className":55,"code":57690,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,57692,57693,57726,57750],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57694,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57696,4270],{"class":68},[62,57698,73],{"class":72},[62,57700,96],{"class":95},[62,57702,259],{"class":76},[62,57704,901],{"class":80},[62,57706,259],{"class":76},[62,57708,103],{"class":95},[62,57710,77],{"class":76},[62,57712,57713],{"class":80},"Apple",[62,57715,259],{"class":76},[62,57717,103],{"class":95},[62,57719,77],{"class":76},[62,57721,901],{"class":80},[62,57723,259],{"class":76},[62,57725,114],{"class":95},[62,57727,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,57729,128],{"class":127},[62,57731,131],{"class":95},[62,57733,4312],{"class":139},[62,57735,409],{"class":95},[62,57737,41411],{"class":139},[62,57739,131],{"class":95},[62,57741,259],{"class":76},[62,57743,901],{"class":80},[62,57745,259],{"class":76},[62,57747,143],{"class":95},[62,57749,880],{"class":146},[62,57751,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,57753,128],{"class":127},[62,57755,131],{"class":95},[62,57757,4312],{"class":139},[62,57759,409],{"class":95},[62,57761,41411],{"class":139},[62,57763,131],{"class":95},[62,57765,259],{"class":76},[62,57767,57713],{"class":80},[62,57769,259],{"class":76},[62,57771,143],{"class":95},[62,57773,27940],{"class":146},[14,57775,57776,1940,57779,57782],{},[18,57777,57778],{},"\"apple\"",[18,57780,57781],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1256,57784,57786,1940,57788,57790],{"id":57785},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,57787,499],{},[18,57789,3808],{}," can match",[53,57792,57794],{"className":55,"code":57793,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,57795,57796,57820,57840],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57797,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57799,292],{"class":68},[62,57801,73],{"class":72},[62,57803,96],{"class":95},[62,57805,499],{"class":99},[62,57807,103],{"class":95},[62,57809,4115],{"class":1618},[62,57811,103],{"class":95},[62,57813,284],{"class":99},[62,57815,103],{"class":95},[62,57817,270],{"class":99},[62,57819,114],{"class":95},[62,57821,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,57823,128],{"class":127},[62,57825,131],{"class":95},[62,57827,386],{"class":139},[62,57829,409],{"class":95},[62,57831,41411],{"class":139},[62,57833,131],{"class":95},[62,57835,499],{"class":99},[62,57837,143],{"class":95},[62,57839,334],{"class":146},[62,57841,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,57843,128],{"class":127},[62,57845,131],{"class":95},[62,57847,386],{"class":139},[62,57849,409],{"class":95},[62,57851,41411],{"class":139},[62,57853,131],{"class":95},[62,57855,3808],{"class":1618},[62,57857,143],{"class":95},[62,57859,166],{"class":146},[14,57861,4609],{},[14,57863,57864],{},"In Python:",[29,57866,57867,57872],{},[32,57868,57869],{},[18,57870,57871],{},"True == 1",[32,57873,57874],{},[18,57875,57876],{},"False == 0",[14,57878,53597,57879,57881],{},[18,57880,57235],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1256,57883,57885],{"id":57884},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[53,57887,57889],{"className":55,"code":57888,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,57890,57891,57933],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57892,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57894,90],{"class":68},[62,57896,73],{"class":72},[62,57898,56238],{"class":95},[62,57900,499],{"class":99},[62,57902,103],{"class":95},[62,57904,284],{"class":99},[62,57906,18225],{"class":95},[62,57908,96],{"class":95},[62,57910,2273],{"class":99},[62,57912,103],{"class":95},[62,57914,2661],{"class":99},[62,57916,18225],{"class":95},[62,57918,96],{"class":95},[62,57920,499],{"class":99},[62,57922,103],{"class":95},[62,57924,284],{"class":99},[62,57926,18225],{"class":95},[62,57928,96],{"class":95},[62,57930,499],{"class":99},[62,57932,53186],{"class":95},[62,57934,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,57936,128],{"class":127},[62,57938,131],{"class":95},[62,57940,161],{"class":139},[62,57942,409],{"class":95},[62,57944,41411],{"class":139},[62,57946,496],{"class":95},[62,57948,499],{"class":99},[62,57950,103],{"class":95},[62,57952,284],{"class":99},[62,57954,511],{"class":95},[62,57956,880],{"class":146},[14,57958,57959],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[48,57961,57963],{"id":57962},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1256,57965,57967],{"id":57966},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[53,57969,57971],{"className":55,"code":57970,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57972,57973,58001,58019,58023],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,57974,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,57976,225],{"class":68},[62,57978,73],{"class":72},[62,57980,96],{"class":95},[62,57982,100],{"class":99},[62,57984,103],{"class":95},[62,57986,106],{"class":99},[62,57988,103],{"class":95},[62,57990,6200],{"class":99},[62,57992,103],{"class":95},[62,57994,111],{"class":99},[62,57996,103],{"class":95},[62,57998,6200],{"class":99},[62,58000,114],{"class":95},[62,58002,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58004,2435],{"class":68},[62,58006,73],{"class":72},[62,58008,4462],{"class":68},[62,58010,409],{"class":95},[62,58012,41411],{"class":139},[62,58014,131],{"class":95},[62,58016,100],{"class":99},[62,58018,434],{"class":95},[62,58020,58021],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,58022,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,58024,58025,58027,58029,58031],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,58026,128],{"class":127},[62,58028,131],{"class":95},[62,58030,2470],{"class":139},[62,58032,434],{"class":95},[14,58034,2282],{},[53,58036,58037],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,58038,58039],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58040,58041],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58042,46769],{"class":99},[1256,58044,58046],{"id":58045},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[53,58048,58050],{"className":55,"code":58049,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58051,58052,58094,58116,58120],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58053,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58090,58092],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58055,4270],{"class":68},[62,58057,73],{"class":72},[62,58059,96],{"class":95},[62,58061,259],{"class":76},[62,58063,37209],{"class":80},[62,58065,259],{"class":76},[62,58067,103],{"class":95},[62,58069,77],{"class":76},[62,58071,58072],{"class":80},"dog",[62,58074,259],{"class":76},[62,58076,103],{"class":95},[62,58078,77],{"class":76},[62,58080,37209],{"class":80},[62,58082,259],{"class":76},[62,58084,103],{"class":95},[62,58086,77],{"class":76},[62,58088,58089],{"class":80},"bird",[62,58091,259],{"class":76},[62,58093,114],{"class":95},[62,58095,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58097,2435],{"class":68},[62,58099,73],{"class":72},[62,58101,6363],{"class":68},[62,58103,409],{"class":95},[62,58105,41411],{"class":139},[62,58107,131],{"class":95},[62,58109,259],{"class":76},[62,58111,37209],{"class":80},[62,58113,259],{"class":76},[62,58115,434],{"class":95},[62,58117,58118],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,58119,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,58121,58122,58124,58126,58128],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,58123,128],{"class":127},[62,58125,131],{"class":95},[62,58127,2470],{"class":139},[62,58129,434],{"class":95},[14,58131,2282],{},[53,58133,58134],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,58135,58136],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58137,58138],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58139,17223],{"class":99},[1256,58141,58143],{"id":58142},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[53,58145,58147],{"className":55,"code":58146,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58148,58149,58173,58191,58195],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58150,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58152,225],{"class":68},[62,58154,73],{"class":72},[62,58156,96],{"class":95},[62,58158,499],{"class":99},[62,58160,103],{"class":95},[62,58162,284],{"class":99},[62,58164,103],{"class":95},[62,58166,508],{"class":99},[62,58168,103],{"class":95},[62,58170,2661],{"class":99},[62,58172,114],{"class":95},[62,58174,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58176,2435],{"class":68},[62,58178,73],{"class":72},[62,58180,4462],{"class":68},[62,58182,409],{"class":95},[62,58184,41411],{"class":139},[62,58186,131],{"class":95},[62,58188,299],{"class":99},[62,58190,434],{"class":95},[62,58192,58193],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,58194,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,58196,58197,58199,58201,58203],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,58198,128],{"class":127},[62,58200,131],{"class":95},[62,58202,2470],{"class":139},[62,58204,434],{"class":95},[14,58206,2282],{},[53,58208,58209],{"className":55,"code":47404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,58210,58211],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58212,58213],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58214,47404],{"class":99},[1256,58216,58218],{"id":58217},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[53,58220,58222],{"className":55,"code":58221,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58223,58224,58270,58292,58296],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58225,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58227,251],{"class":68},[62,58229,73],{"class":72},[62,58231,56238],{"class":95},[62,58233,499],{"class":99},[62,58235,103],{"class":95},[62,58237,284],{"class":99},[62,58239,18225],{"class":95},[62,58241,96],{"class":95},[62,58243,499],{"class":99},[62,58245,103],{"class":95},[62,58247,284],{"class":99},[62,58249,18225],{"class":95},[62,58251,96],{"class":95},[62,58253,1935],{"class":99},[62,58255,103],{"class":95},[62,58257,508],{"class":99},[62,58259,18225],{"class":95},[62,58261,96],{"class":95},[62,58263,499],{"class":99},[62,58265,103],{"class":95},[62,58267,284],{"class":99},[62,58269,53186],{"class":95},[62,58271,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58273,2435],{"class":68},[62,58275,73],{"class":72},[62,58277,14733],{"class":68},[62,58279,409],{"class":95},[62,58281,41411],{"class":139},[62,58283,496],{"class":95},[62,58285,499],{"class":99},[62,58287,103],{"class":95},[62,58289,284],{"class":99},[62,58291,4088],{"class":95},[62,58293,58294],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,58295,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,58299,128],{"class":127},[62,58301,131],{"class":95},[62,58303,2470],{"class":139},[62,58305,434],{"class":95},[14,58307,2282],{},[53,58309,58310],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,58311,58312],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58313,58314],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58315,46769],{"class":99},[48,58317,5160,58319],{"id":58318},"when-to-use-count",[18,58320,57235],{},[14,58322,169,58323,58325],{},[18,58324,57235],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58327,58328],{},"Good use cases:",[29,58330,58331,58334,58337],{},[32,58332,58333],{},"counting one specific item",[32,58335,58336],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[32,58338,58339],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58341,201],{},[53,58343,58345],{"className":55,"code":58344,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,58346,58347,58388,58412,58416],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58348,58349,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58350,58351],{"class":68},"votes ",[62,58353,73],{"class":72},[62,58355,96],{"class":95},[62,58357,259],{"class":76},[62,58359,8837],{"class":80},[62,58361,259],{"class":76},[62,58363,103],{"class":95},[62,58365,77],{"class":76},[62,58367,8776],{"class":80},[62,58369,259],{"class":76},[62,58371,103],{"class":95},[62,58373,77],{"class":76},[62,58375,8837],{"class":80},[62,58377,259],{"class":76},[62,58379,103],{"class":95},[62,58381,77],{"class":76},[62,58383,8837],{"class":80},[62,58385,259],{"class":76},[62,58387,114],{"class":95},[62,58389,58390,58393,58395,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58391,58392],{"class":68},"yes_votes ",[62,58394,73],{"class":72},[62,58396,58397],{"class":68}," votes",[62,58399,409],{"class":95},[62,58401,41411],{"class":139},[62,58403,131],{"class":95},[62,58405,259],{"class":76},[62,58407,8837],{"class":80},[62,58409,259],{"class":76},[62,58411,434],{"class":95},[62,58413,58414],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,58415,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,58417,58418,58420,58422,58425],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,58419,128],{"class":127},[62,58421,131],{"class":95},[62,58423,58424],{"class":139},"yes_votes",[62,58426,434],{"class":95},[14,58428,58429,58431],{},[18,58430,57235],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58433,58434,58435,1940,58437,409],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[262,58436,52715],{"href":402},[262,58438,58440],{"href":58439},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[48,58442,1824],{"id":1823},[14,58444,8625,58445,409],{},[18,58446,57240],{},[1256,58448,58450],{"id":58449},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58452,58453,58455],{},[18,58454,57240],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[53,58457,58459],{"className":55,"code":58458,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58460,58461,58494],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58462,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58464,4270],{"class":68},[62,58466,73],{"class":72},[62,58468,96],{"class":95},[62,58470,259],{"class":76},[62,58472,58473],{"class":80},"apple pie",[62,58475,259],{"class":76},[62,58477,103],{"class":95},[62,58479,77],{"class":76},[62,58481,910],{"class":80},[62,58483,259],{"class":76},[62,58485,103],{"class":95},[62,58487,77],{"class":76},[62,58489,58473],{"class":80},[62,58491,259],{"class":76},[62,58493,114],{"class":95},[62,58495,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58497,128],{"class":127},[62,58499,131],{"class":95},[62,58501,4312],{"class":139},[62,58503,409],{"class":95},[62,58505,41411],{"class":139},[62,58507,131],{"class":95},[62,58509,259],{"class":76},[62,58511,901],{"class":80},[62,58513,259],{"class":76},[62,58515,143],{"class":95},[62,58517,698],{"class":146},[14,58519,2692,58520,632],{},[18,58521,665],{},[14,58523,29222,58524,58526,58527,409],{},[18,58525,57778],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58528,58529],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58531,58532,58533,409],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58534,58535],{},"str.count()",[1256,58537,8631,58539,8634,58541,2022,58543],{"id":58538},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58540,57235],{},[18,58542,3808],{},[18,58544,2098],{},[14,58546,58547,58549],{},[18,58548,57235],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[53,58551,58553],{"className":55,"code":58552,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58554,58555,58579],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58556,58557,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58558,225],{"class":68},[62,58560,73],{"class":72},[62,58562,96],{"class":95},[62,58564,499],{"class":99},[62,58566,103],{"class":95},[62,58568,284],{"class":99},[62,58570,103],{"class":95},[62,58572,284],{"class":99},[62,58574,103],{"class":95},[62,58576,508],{"class":99},[62,58578,114],{"class":95},[62,58580,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58582,128],{"class":127},[62,58584,131],{"class":95},[62,58586,348],{"class":139},[62,58588,409],{"class":95},[62,58590,41411],{"class":139},[62,58592,131],{"class":95},[62,58594,1935],{"class":99},[62,58596,143],{"class":95},[62,58598,880],{"class":146},[14,58600,58601],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[53,58603,58605],{"className":55,"code":58604,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58606,58607],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58608,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58610,128],{"class":127},[62,58612,131],{"class":95},[62,58614,1935],{"class":99},[62,58616,21336],{"class":729},[62,58618,4462],{"class":139},[62,58620,741],{"class":95},[62,58622,3866],{"class":146},[1256,58624,58626],{"id":58625},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[53,58628,58630],{"className":55,"code":58629,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58631,58632,58665],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58633,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58661,58663],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58635,5194],{"class":68},[62,58637,73],{"class":72},[62,58639,96],{"class":95},[62,58641,259],{"class":76},[62,58643,218],{"class":80},[62,58645,259],{"class":76},[62,58647,103],{"class":95},[62,58649,77],{"class":76},[62,58651,20381],{"class":80},[62,58653,259],{"class":76},[62,58655,103],{"class":95},[62,58657,77],{"class":76},[62,58659,58660],{"class":80},"SAM",[62,58662,259],{"class":76},[62,58664,114],{"class":95},[62,58666,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58668,128],{"class":127},[62,58670,131],{"class":95},[62,58672,5237],{"class":139},[62,58674,409],{"class":95},[62,58676,41411],{"class":139},[62,58678,131],{"class":95},[62,58680,259],{"class":76},[62,58682,20381],{"class":80},[62,58684,259],{"class":76},[62,58686,143],{"class":95},[62,58688,27940],{"class":146},[14,58690,58691,58692,58695],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,58693,58694],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1256,58697,29811,58699,33711],{"id":58698},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,58700,57235],{},[14,58702,58703],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[53,58705,58707],{"className":55,"code":58706,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,58708,58709,58719,58733,58751,58765,58777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58710,58711,58713,58715,58717],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58712,128],{"class":127},[62,58714,131],{"class":95},[62,58716,2069],{"class":139},[62,58718,434],{"class":95},[62,58720,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,58722,128],{"class":127},[62,58724,131],{"class":95},[62,58726,1690],{"class":430},[62,58728,131],{"class":95},[62,58730,2069],{"class":139},[62,58732,1013],{"class":95},[62,58734,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,58736,128],{"class":127},[62,58738,131],{"class":95},[62,58740,2069],{"class":139},[62,58742,409],{"class":95},[62,58744,41411],{"class":139},[62,58746,131],{"class":95},[62,58748,1632],{"class":139},[62,58750,1013],{"class":95},[62,58752,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,58754,128],{"class":127},[62,58756,131],{"class":95},[62,58758,1613],{"class":139},[62,58760,4082],{"class":729},[62,58762,8575],{"class":139},[62,58764,434],{"class":95},[62,58766,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,58768,6154],{"class":729},[62,58770,6157],{"class":68},[62,58772,4082],{"class":729},[62,58774,8575],{"class":68},[62,58776,749],{"class":95},[62,58778,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,58780,754],{"class":127},[62,58782,131],{"class":95},[62,58784,41931],{"class":127},[62,58786,131],{"class":95},[62,58788,23470],{"class":139},[62,58790,1013],{"class":95},[14,58792,58793],{},"These checks can help you see:",[29,58795,58796,58799,58802],{},[32,58797,58798],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[32,58800,58801],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[32,58803,58804],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58806,58807],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[29,58809,58810,58815,58818,58825],{},[32,58811,50642,58812,58814],{},[18,58813,57235],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[32,58816,58817],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[32,58819,11279,58820,58822,58823],{},[18,58821,57240],{}," with string ",[18,58824,57235],{},[32,58826,58827],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[48,58829,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,58831,12875,58833,58835],{"id":58832},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,58834,57240],{}," change the list?",[14,58837,58838],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1256,58840,58842],{"id":58841},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58844,12082,58845,409],{},[18,58846,665],{},[1256,58848,5368,58850,58852],{"id":58849},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,58851,57240],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58854,58855],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1256,58857,15070,58859,58861],{"id":58858},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,58860,57240],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58863,42304,58864,1940,58866,58868],{},[18,58865,57781],{},[18,58867,57778],{}," are different values.",[1256,58870,5356,58872,58874,58875,632],{"id":58871},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,58873,3808],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,58876,499],{},[14,58878,8965,58879,58881,58882,1940,58884,58881,58886,409],{},[18,58880,3808],{}," compares equal to ",[18,58883,499],{},[18,58885,2098],{},[18,58887,665],{},[48,58889,2109],{"id":2108},[29,58891,58892,58896,58902,58906,58914,58921],{},[32,58893,58894],{},[262,58895,52715],{"href":402},[32,58897,58898],{},[262,58899,58901],{"href":58900},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[32,58903,58904],{},[262,58905,7127],{"href":6392},[32,58907,58908],{},[262,58909,55464,58911,10912],{"href":58910},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,58912,58913],{},"index()",[32,58915,58916],{},[262,58917,3779,58919],{"href":58918},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,58920,20],{},[32,58922,58923],{},[262,58924,58925],{"href":58439},"What is a list in Python",[2145,58927,58928],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":58930},[58931,58932,58934,58935,58936,58942,58948,58950,58958,58969],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":57332,"depth":87,"text":58933},"What list.count() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":38175,"depth":87,"text":38176},{"id":57654,"depth":87,"text":57655,"children":58937},[58938,58939,58941],{"id":57686,"depth":117,"text":57687},{"id":57785,"depth":117,"text":58940},"1 and True can match",{"id":57884,"depth":117,"text":57885},{"id":57962,"depth":87,"text":57963,"children":58943},[58944,58945,58946,58947],{"id":57966,"depth":117,"text":57967},{"id":58045,"depth":117,"text":58046},{"id":58142,"depth":117,"text":58143},{"id":58217,"depth":117,"text":58218},{"id":58318,"depth":87,"text":58949},"When to use count()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":58951},[58952,58953,58955,58956],{"id":58449,"depth":117,"text":58450},{"id":58538,"depth":117,"text":58954},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58625,"depth":117,"text":58626},{"id":58698,"depth":117,"text":58957},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":58959},[58960,58962,58963,58965,58967],{"id":58832,"depth":117,"text":58961},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58841,"depth":117,"text":58842},{"id":58849,"depth":117,"text":58964},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58858,"depth":117,"text":58966},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58871,"depth":117,"text":58968},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57227,"description":58970},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58977,"title":58978,"body":58979,"description":60942,"extension":2174,"meta":60943,"navigation":120,"path":60944,"seo":60945,"stem":60946,"__hash__":60947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58980,"toc":60905},[58981,58984,58987,58989,59117,59121,59202,59213,59215,59234,59238,59241,59244,59262,59264,59307,59311,59336,59345,59349,59354,59357,59474,59478,59547,59551,59563,59567,59570,59611,59615,59628,59631,59716,59720,59753,59760,59766,59771,59773,59785,59789,59822,59826,59858,59862,59899,59903,59923,59927,59961,59965,59994,60005,60009,60012,60015,60028,60085,60089,60128,60134,60137,60139,60142,60146,60149,60174,60176,60201,60208,60211,60256,60260,60279,60282,60321,60328,60333,60367,60371,60472,60479,60512,60516,60542,60546,60549,60587,60590,60627,60631,60634,60653,60657,60718,60720,60738,60742,60745,60748,60777,60779,60783,60786,60794,60798,60801,60821,60827,60833,60837,60840,60847,60855,60857,60896,60902],[10,58982,58978],{"id":58983},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58985,58986],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[48,58988,3813],{"id":3812},[53,58990,58992],{"className":55,"code":58991,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,58993,58994,59014,59046,59054,59072,59076,59086,59096,59107],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,58995,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,58997,225],{"class":68},[62,58999,73],{"class":72},[62,59001,96],{"class":95},[62,59003,499],{"class":99},[62,59005,103],{"class":95},[62,59007,284],{"class":99},[62,59009,103],{"class":95},[62,59011,508],{"class":99},[62,59013,114],{"class":95},[62,59015,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026,59028,59030,59032,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59017,5194],{"class":68},[62,59019,73],{"class":72},[62,59021,96],{"class":95},[62,59023,259],{"class":76},[62,59025,1896],{"class":80},[62,59027,259],{"class":76},[62,59029,103],{"class":95},[62,59031,77],{"class":76},[62,59033,36103],{"class":80},[62,59035,259],{"class":76},[62,59037,103],{"class":95},[62,59039,77],{"class":76},[62,59041,36112],{"class":80},[62,59043,259],{"class":76},[62,59045,114],{"class":95},[62,59047,59048,59050,59052],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,59049,55875],{"class":68},[62,59051,73],{"class":72},[62,59053,1273],{"class":95},[62,59055,59056,59058,59060,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,59057,36253],{"class":68},[62,59059,73],{"class":72},[62,59061,1733],{"class":430},[62,59063,131],{"class":95},[62,59065,259],{"class":76},[62,59067,41712],{"class":80},[62,59069,259],{"class":76},[62,59071,434],{"class":95},[62,59073,59074],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,59075,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,59077,59078,59080,59082,59084],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,59079,128],{"class":127},[62,59081,131],{"class":95},[62,59083,348],{"class":139},[62,59085,434],{"class":95},[62,59087,59088,59090,59092,59094],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,59089,128],{"class":127},[62,59091,131],{"class":95},[62,59093,5237],{"class":139},[62,59095,434],{"class":95},[62,59097,59098,59100,59102,59105],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,59099,128],{"class":127},[62,59101,131],{"class":95},[62,59103,59104],{"class":139},"empty_list",[62,59106,434],{"class":95},[62,59108,59109,59111,59113,59115],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,59110,128],{"class":127},[62,59112,131],{"class":95},[62,59114,582],{"class":139},[62,59116,434],{"class":95},[14,59118,59119],{},[3946,59120,2282],{},[53,59122,59124],{"className":55,"code":59123,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,59125,59126,59142,59170,59174],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59127,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59129,948],{"class":95},[62,59131,499],{"class":99},[62,59133,103],{"class":95},[62,59135,284],{"class":99},[62,59137,103],{"class":95},[62,59139,508],{"class":99},[62,59141,114],{"class":95},[62,59143,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59145,948],{"class":95},[62,59147,3503],{"class":76},[62,59149,1896],{"class":80},[62,59151,3503],{"class":76},[62,59153,103],{"class":95},[62,59155,3498],{"class":76},[62,59157,36103],{"class":80},[62,59159,3503],{"class":76},[62,59161,103],{"class":95},[62,59163,3498],{"class":76},[62,59165,36112],{"class":80},[62,59167,3503],{"class":76},[62,59169,114],{"class":95},[62,59171,59172],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,59173,38453],{"class":95},[62,59175,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,59177,948],{"class":95},[62,59179,3503],{"class":76},[62,59181,262],{"class":80},[62,59183,3503],{"class":76},[62,59185,103],{"class":95},[62,59187,3498],{"class":76},[62,59189,277],{"class":80},[62,59191,3503],{"class":76},[62,59193,103],{"class":95},[62,59195,3498],{"class":76},[62,59197,9912],{"class":80},[62,59199,3503],{"class":76},[62,59201,114],{"class":95},[14,59203,59204,59205,59207,59208,59210,59211,409],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,59206,3990],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,59209,24941],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,59212,36359],{},[48,59214,15330],{"id":15329},[29,59216,59217,59220,59223,59226,59231],{},[32,59218,59219],{},"What a list is in Python",[32,59221,59222],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[32,59224,59225],{},"How to create an empty list",[32,59227,59228,59229,2508],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59230,24941],{},[32,59232,59233],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[48,59235,59237],{"id":59236},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59239,59240],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59242,59243],{},"This means:",[29,59245,59246,59249,59252,59255],{},[32,59247,59248],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[32,59250,59251],{},"The order of items is kept",[32,59253,59254],{},"A list can hold different data types",[32,59256,59257,59258,59261],{},"A list is ",[3946,59259,59260],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59263,201],{},[53,59265,59267],{"className":55,"code":59266,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59268,59269,59293,59297],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59270,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59272,90],{"class":68},[62,59274,73],{"class":72},[62,59276,96],{"class":95},[62,59278,259],{"class":76},[62,59280,901],{"class":80},[62,59282,259],{"class":76},[62,59284,103],{"class":95},[62,59286,6200],{"class":99},[62,59288,103],{"class":95},[62,59290,4115],{"class":1618},[62,59292,114],{"class":95},[62,59294,59295],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59296,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,59298,59299,59301,59303,59305],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,59300,128],{"class":127},[62,59302,131],{"class":95},[62,59304,161],{"class":139},[62,59306,434],{"class":95},[14,59308,59309],{},[3946,59310,2282],{},[53,59312,59314],{"className":55,"code":59313,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59315,59316],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59317,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59319,948],{"class":95},[62,59321,3503],{"class":76},[62,59323,901],{"class":80},[62,59325,3503],{"class":76},[62,59327,103],{"class":95},[62,59329,6200],{"class":99},[62,59331,103],{"class":95},[62,59333,4115],{"class":1618},[62,59335,114],{"class":95},[14,59337,59338,59339,2022,59342,409],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[262,59340,59341],{"href":402},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[262,59343,59344],{"href":58439},"What is a List in Python?",[48,59346,59348],{"id":59347},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59350,59204,59351,59353],{},[18,59352,3990],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59355,59356],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[53,59358,59360],{"className":55,"code":59359,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,59361,59362,59382,59414,59439,59443,59453,59463],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59363,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59365,225],{"class":68},[62,59367,73],{"class":72},[62,59369,96],{"class":95},[62,59371,499],{"class":99},[62,59373,103],{"class":95},[62,59375,284],{"class":99},[62,59377,103],{"class":95},[62,59379,508],{"class":99},[62,59381,114],{"class":95},[62,59383,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59385,5194],{"class":68},[62,59387,73],{"class":72},[62,59389,96],{"class":95},[62,59391,259],{"class":76},[62,59393,1896],{"class":80},[62,59395,259],{"class":76},[62,59397,103],{"class":95},[62,59399,77],{"class":76},[62,59401,36103],{"class":80},[62,59403,259],{"class":76},[62,59405,103],{"class":95},[62,59407,77],{"class":76},[62,59409,36112],{"class":80},[62,59411,259],{"class":76},[62,59413,114],{"class":95},[62,59415,59416,59419,59421,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433,59435,59437],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,59417,59418],{"class":68},"mixed ",[62,59420,73],{"class":72},[62,59422,96],{"class":95},[62,59424,100],{"class":99},[62,59426,103],{"class":95},[62,59428,77],{"class":76},[62,59430,81],{"class":80},[62,59432,259],{"class":76},[62,59434,103],{"class":95},[62,59436,4106],{"class":1618},[62,59438,114],{"class":95},[62,59440,59441],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,59442,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,59444,59445,59447,59449,59451],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,59446,128],{"class":127},[62,59448,131],{"class":95},[62,59450,348],{"class":139},[62,59452,434],{"class":95},[62,59454,59455,59457,59459,59461],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,59456,128],{"class":127},[62,59458,131],{"class":95},[62,59460,5237],{"class":139},[62,59462,434],{"class":95},[62,59464,59465,59467,59469,59472],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,59466,128],{"class":127},[62,59468,131],{"class":95},[62,59470,59471],{"class":139},"mixed",[62,59473,434],{"class":95},[14,59475,59476],{},[3946,59477,2282],{},[53,59479,59481],{"className":55,"code":59480,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59482,59483,59499,59527],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59484,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59486,948],{"class":95},[62,59488,499],{"class":99},[62,59490,103],{"class":95},[62,59492,284],{"class":99},[62,59494,103],{"class":95},[62,59496,508],{"class":99},[62,59498,114],{"class":95},[62,59500,59501,59503,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59502,948],{"class":95},[62,59504,3503],{"class":76},[62,59506,1896],{"class":80},[62,59508,3503],{"class":76},[62,59510,103],{"class":95},[62,59512,3498],{"class":76},[62,59514,36103],{"class":80},[62,59516,3503],{"class":76},[62,59518,103],{"class":95},[62,59520,3498],{"class":76},[62,59522,36112],{"class":80},[62,59524,3503],{"class":76},[62,59526,114],{"class":95},[62,59528,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,59530,948],{"class":95},[62,59532,100],{"class":99},[62,59534,103],{"class":95},[62,59536,3498],{"class":76},[62,59538,81],{"class":80},[62,59540,3503],{"class":76},[62,59542,103],{"class":95},[62,59544,4106],{"class":1618},[62,59546,114],{"class":95},[1256,59548,59550],{"id":59549},"key-points","Key points",[29,59552,59553,59558,59560],{},[32,59554,169,59555,59557],{},[18,59556,3990],{}," to make a new list",[32,59559,15599],{},[32,59561,59562],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[48,59564,59566],{"id":59565},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59568,59569],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[53,59571,59573],{"className":55,"code":59572,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59574,59575,59583,59587,59597],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59576,59577,59579,59581],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59578,2050],{"class":68},[62,59580,73],{"class":72},[62,59582,1273],{"class":95},[62,59584,59585],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59586,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,59588,59589,59591,59593,59595],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,59590,128],{"class":127},[62,59592,131],{"class":95},[62,59594,2069],{"class":139},[62,59596,434],{"class":95},[62,59598,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,59600,128],{"class":127},[62,59602,131],{"class":95},[62,59604,134],{"class":127},[62,59606,131],{"class":95},[62,59608,2069],{"class":139},[62,59610,1013],{"class":95},[14,59612,59613],{},[3946,59614,2282],{},[53,59616,59618],{"className":55,"code":59617,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[]\n0\n",[18,59619,59620,59624],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59621,59622],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59623,38453],{"class":95},[62,59625,59626],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59627,47404],{"class":99},[14,59629,59630],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[53,59632,59634],{"className":55,"code":59633,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59635,59636,59644,59648,59666,59684,59702,59706],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59637,59638,59640,59642],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59639,5194],{"class":68},[62,59641,73],{"class":72},[62,59643,1273],{"class":95},[62,59645,59646],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59647,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,59649,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,59651,5237],{"class":68},[62,59653,409],{"class":95},[62,59655,13720],{"class":139},[62,59657,131],{"class":95},[62,59659,259],{"class":76},[62,59661,1896],{"class":80},[62,59663,259],{"class":76},[62,59665,434],{"class":95},[62,59667,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,59669,5237],{"class":68},[62,59671,409],{"class":95},[62,59673,13720],{"class":139},[62,59675,131],{"class":95},[62,59677,259],{"class":76},[62,59679,36103],{"class":80},[62,59681,259],{"class":76},[62,59683,434],{"class":95},[62,59685,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,59687,5237],{"class":68},[62,59689,409],{"class":95},[62,59691,13720],{"class":139},[62,59693,131],{"class":95},[62,59695,259],{"class":76},[62,59697,36112],{"class":80},[62,59699,259],{"class":76},[62,59701,434],{"class":95},[62,59703,59704],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,59705,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,59707,59708,59710,59712,59714],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,59709,128],{"class":127},[62,59711,131],{"class":95},[62,59713,5237],{"class":139},[62,59715,434],{"class":95},[14,59717,59718],{},[3946,59719,2282],{},[53,59721,59723],{"className":55,"code":59722,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,59724,59725],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59726,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59728,948],{"class":95},[62,59730,3503],{"class":76},[62,59732,1896],{"class":80},[62,59734,3503],{"class":76},[62,59736,103],{"class":95},[62,59738,3498],{"class":76},[62,59740,36103],{"class":80},[62,59742,3503],{"class":76},[62,59744,103],{"class":95},[62,59746,3498],{"class":76},[62,59748,36112],{"class":80},[62,59750,3503],{"class":76},[62,59752,114],{"class":95},[14,59754,59755,59756,409],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[262,59757,59758,10912],{"href":56713},[18,59759,52596],{},[48,59761,59763,59764],{"id":59762},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,59765,24941],{},[14,59767,169,59768,59770],{},[18,59769,24941],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59772,5655],{},[29,59774,59775,59777,59779,59781],{},[32,59776,5508],{},[32,59778,5502],{},[32,59780,5505],{},[32,59782,59783],{},[18,59784,36359],{},[1256,59786,59788],{"id":59787},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[53,59790,59792],{"className":55,"code":59791,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59793,59794,59812],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59795,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59797,36253],{"class":68},[62,59799,73],{"class":72},[62,59801,1733],{"class":430},[62,59803,131],{"class":95},[62,59805,259],{"class":76},[62,59807,41712],{"class":80},[62,59809,259],{"class":76},[62,59811,434],{"class":95},[62,59813,59814,59816,59818,59820],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59815,128],{"class":127},[62,59817,131],{"class":95},[62,59819,582],{"class":139},[62,59821,434],{"class":95},[14,59823,59824],{},[3946,59825,2282],{},[53,59827,59828],{"className":55,"code":43026,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,59829,59830],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59831,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59833,948],{"class":95},[62,59835,3503],{"class":76},[62,59837,262],{"class":80},[62,59839,3503],{"class":76},[62,59841,103],{"class":95},[62,59843,3498],{"class":76},[62,59845,277],{"class":80},[62,59847,3503],{"class":76},[62,59849,103],{"class":95},[62,59851,3498],{"class":76},[62,59853,9912],{"class":80},[62,59855,3503],{"class":76},[62,59857,114],{"class":95},[1256,59859,59861],{"id":59860},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[53,59863,59865],{"className":55,"code":59864,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,59866,59867,59889],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59868,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59870,225],{"class":68},[62,59872,73],{"class":72},[62,59874,1733],{"class":430},[62,59876,524],{"class":95},[62,59878,499],{"class":99},[62,59880,103],{"class":95},[62,59882,284],{"class":99},[62,59884,103],{"class":95},[62,59886,508],{"class":99},[62,59888,1013],{"class":95},[62,59890,59891,59893,59895,59897],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59892,128],{"class":127},[62,59894,131],{"class":95},[62,59896,348],{"class":139},[62,59898,434],{"class":95},[14,59900,59901],{},[3946,59902,2282],{},[53,59904,59905],{"className":55,"code":55094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,59906,59907],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59908,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59910,948],{"class":95},[62,59912,499],{"class":99},[62,59914,103],{"class":95},[62,59916,284],{"class":99},[62,59918,103],{"class":95},[62,59920,508],{"class":99},[62,59922,114],{"class":95},[1256,59924,59926],{"id":59925},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[53,59928,59930],{"className":55,"code":59929,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,59931,59932,59951],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59933,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942,59945,59947,59949],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59935,292],{"class":68},[62,59937,73],{"class":72},[62,59939,1733],{"class":430},[62,59941,131],{"class":95},[62,59943,59944],{"class":127},"range",[62,59946,131],{"class":95},[62,59948,299],{"class":99},[62,59950,1013],{"class":95},[62,59952,59953,59955,59957,59959],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,59954,128],{"class":127},[62,59956,131],{"class":95},[62,59958,386],{"class":139},[62,59960,434],{"class":95},[14,59962,59963],{},[3946,59964,2282],{},[53,59966,59968],{"className":55,"code":59967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,59969,59970],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,59971,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,59973,948],{"class":95},[62,59975,665],{"class":99},[62,59977,103],{"class":95},[62,59979,270],{"class":99},[62,59981,103],{"class":95},[62,59983,284],{"class":99},[62,59985,103],{"class":95},[62,59987,508],{"class":99},[62,59989,103],{"class":95},[62,59991,2661],{"class":99},[62,59993,114],{"class":95},[14,59995,59996,59998,59999,409],{},[18,59997,24941],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[262,60000,60002,60004],{"href":60001},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,60003,24941],{},": Function Explained",[48,60006,60008],{"id":60007},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60010,60011],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60013,60014],{},"Examples include:",[29,60016,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025],{},[32,60018,5508],{},[32,60020,40577],{},[32,60022,1543],{},[32,60024,40747],{},[32,60026,60027],{},"other lists",[53,60029,60031],{"className":55,"code":60030,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,60032,60033,60071,60075],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60034,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60036,251],{"class":68},[62,60038,73],{"class":72},[62,60040,96],{"class":95},[62,60042,259],{"class":76},[62,60044,1896],{"class":80},[62,60046,259],{"class":76},[62,60048,103],{"class":95},[62,60050,9479],{"class":99},[62,60052,103],{"class":95},[62,60054,4115],{"class":1618},[62,60056,103],{"class":95},[62,60058,96],{"class":95},[62,60060,499],{"class":99},[62,60062,103],{"class":95},[62,60064,284],{"class":99},[62,60066,103],{"class":95},[62,60068,508],{"class":99},[62,60070,53186],{"class":95},[62,60072,60073],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60074,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,60076,60077,60079,60081,60083],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,60078,128],{"class":127},[62,60080,131],{"class":95},[62,60082,367],{"class":139},[62,60084,434],{"class":95},[14,60086,60087],{},[3946,60088,2282],{},[53,60090,60092],{"className":55,"code":60091,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,60093,60094],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60095,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60097,948],{"class":95},[62,60099,3503],{"class":76},[62,60101,1896],{"class":80},[62,60103,3503],{"class":76},[62,60105,103],{"class":95},[62,60107,9479],{"class":99},[62,60109,103],{"class":95},[62,60111,4115],{"class":1618},[62,60113,103],{"class":95},[62,60115,96],{"class":95},[62,60117,499],{"class":99},[62,60119,103],{"class":95},[62,60121,284],{"class":99},[62,60123,103],{"class":95},[62,60125,508],{"class":99},[62,60127,53186],{"class":95},[14,60129,60130,60131,409],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3946,60132,60133],{},"nested list",[14,60135,60136],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[48,60138,4718],{"id":4717},[14,60140,60141],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1256,60143,60145],{"id":60144},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60147,60148],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[53,60150,60152],{"className":55,"code":60151,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,60153,60154,60158],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60155,60156],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60157,4735],{"class":146},[62,60159,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60161,225],{"class":68},[62,60163,73],{"class":72},[62,60165,96],{"class":95},[62,60167,499],{"class":99},[62,60169,284],{"class":99},[62,60171,508],{"class":99},[62,60173,114],{"class":95},[14,60175,10979],{},[53,60177,60179],{"className":55,"code":60178,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,60180,60181],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60182,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60184,225],{"class":68},[62,60186,73],{"class":72},[62,60188,96],{"class":95},[62,60190,499],{"class":99},[62,60192,103],{"class":95},[62,60194,284],{"class":99},[62,60196,103],{"class":95},[62,60198,508],{"class":99},[62,60200,114],{"class":95},[1256,60202,1834,60204,11264,60206],{"id":60203},"using-instead-of",[18,60205,7557],{},[18,60207,3990],{},[14,60209,60210],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[53,60212,60214],{"className":55,"code":60213,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60215,60216,60237,60241],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60217,60218,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60219,60220],{"class":68},"my_values ",[62,60222,73],{"class":72},[62,60224,854],{"class":95},[62,60226,499],{"class":99},[62,60228,103],{"class":95},[62,60230,284],{"class":99},[62,60232,103],{"class":95},[62,60234,508],{"class":99},[62,60236,434],{"class":95},[62,60238,60239],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60240,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,60242,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60254],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,60244,128],{"class":127},[62,60246,131],{"class":95},[62,60248,1690],{"class":430},[62,60250,131],{"class":95},[62,60252,60253],{"class":139},"my_values",[62,60255,1013],{"class":95},[14,60257,60258],{},[3946,60259,2282],{},[53,60261,60263],{"className":55,"code":60262,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60264,60265],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60266,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60268,3492],{"class":72},[62,60270,3495],{"class":2276},[62,60272,3498],{"class":76},[62,60274,49103],{"class":80},[62,60276,3503],{"class":76},[62,60278,3506],{"class":72},[14,60280,60281],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[53,60283,60285],{"className":55,"code":60284,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60286,60287,60307],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60288,60289,60291,60293,60295,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60290,60220],{"class":68},[62,60292,73],{"class":72},[62,60294,96],{"class":95},[62,60296,499],{"class":99},[62,60298,103],{"class":95},[62,60300,284],{"class":99},[62,60302,103],{"class":95},[62,60304,508],{"class":99},[62,60306,114],{"class":95},[62,60308,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60310,128],{"class":127},[62,60312,131],{"class":95},[62,60314,1690],{"class":430},[62,60316,131],{"class":95},[62,60318,60253],{"class":139},[62,60320,1013],{"class":95},[1256,60322,8631,60324,60327],{"id":60323},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,60325,60326],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60329,60330,60332],{},[18,60331,24941],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[53,60334,60336],{"className":55,"code":60335,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,60337,60338,60357],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60339,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350,60353,60355],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60341,2435],{"class":68},[62,60343,73],{"class":72},[62,60345,1733],{"class":430},[62,60347,131],{"class":95},[62,60349,259],{"class":76},[62,60351,60352],{"class":80},"hello world",[62,60354,259],{"class":76},[62,60356,434],{"class":95},[62,60358,60359,60361,60363,60365],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60360,128],{"class":127},[62,60362,131],{"class":95},[62,60364,2470],{"class":139},[62,60366,434],{"class":95},[14,60368,60369],{},[3946,60370,2282],{},[53,60372,60374],{"className":55,"code":60373,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,60375,60376],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60377,60378,60380,60382,60385,60387,60389,60391,60394,60396,60398,60400,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417,60420,60422,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447,60449,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60379,948],{"class":95},[62,60381,3503],{"class":76},[62,60383,60384],{"class":80},"h",[62,60386,3503],{"class":76},[62,60388,103],{"class":95},[62,60390,3498],{"class":76},[62,60392,60393],{"class":80},"e",[62,60395,3503],{"class":76},[62,60397,103],{"class":95},[62,60399,3498],{"class":76},[62,60401,60402],{"class":80},"l",[62,60404,3503],{"class":76},[62,60406,103],{"class":95},[62,60408,3498],{"class":76},[62,60410,60402],{"class":80},[62,60412,3503],{"class":76},[62,60414,103],{"class":95},[62,60416,3498],{"class":76},[62,60418,60419],{"class":80},"o",[62,60421,3503],{"class":76},[62,60423,103],{"class":95},[62,60425,3498],{"class":76},[62,60427,3498],{"class":76},[62,60429,103],{"class":95},[62,60431,3498],{"class":76},[62,60433,60434],{"class":80},"w",[62,60436,3503],{"class":76},[62,60438,103],{"class":95},[62,60440,3498],{"class":76},[62,60442,60419],{"class":80},[62,60444,3503],{"class":76},[62,60446,103],{"class":95},[62,60448,3498],{"class":76},[62,60450,60451],{"class":80},"r",[62,60453,3503],{"class":76},[62,60455,103],{"class":95},[62,60457,3498],{"class":76},[62,60459,60402],{"class":80},[62,60461,3503],{"class":76},[62,60463,103],{"class":95},[62,60465,3498],{"class":76},[62,60467,18931],{"class":80},[62,60469,3503],{"class":76},[62,60471,114],{"class":95},[14,60473,60474,60475,60478],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60476,60477],{},"split()"," instead:",[53,60480,60482],{"className":55,"code":60481,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60483,60484,60502],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60485,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494,60496,60498,60500],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60487,4270],{"class":68},[62,60489,73],{"class":72},[62,60491,77],{"class":76},[62,60493,60352],{"class":80},[62,60495,259],{"class":76},[62,60497,409],{"class":95},[62,60499,34632],{"class":139},[62,60501,8822],{"class":95},[62,60503,60504,60506,60508,60510],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60505,128],{"class":127},[62,60507,131],{"class":95},[62,60509,4312],{"class":139},[62,60511,434],{"class":95},[14,60513,60514],{},[3946,60515,2282],{},[53,60517,60519],{"className":55,"code":60518,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60520,60521],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60522,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535,60538,60540],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60524,948],{"class":95},[62,60526,3503],{"class":76},[62,60528,81],{"class":80},[62,60530,3503],{"class":76},[62,60532,103],{"class":95},[62,60534,3498],{"class":76},[62,60536,60537],{"class":80},"world",[62,60539,3503],{"class":76},[62,60541,114],{"class":95},[1256,60543,60545],{"id":60544},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60547,60548],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[53,60550,60552],{"className":55,"code":60551,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60553,60554,60558],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60555,60556],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60557,4735],{"class":146},[62,60559,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60579,60581,60583,60585],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60561,5194],{"class":68},[62,60563,73],{"class":72},[62,60565,96],{"class":95},[62,60567,259],{"class":76},[62,60569,1896],{"class":80},[62,60571,259],{"class":76},[62,60573,103],{"class":95},[62,60575,77],{"class":76},[62,60577,60578],{"class":80},"Ben', ",[62,60580,259],{"class":76},[62,60582,36112],{"class":68},[62,60584,259],{"class":76},[62,60586,114],{"class":80},[14,60588,60589],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[53,60591,60593],{"className":55,"code":60592,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60594,60595],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60596,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605,60607,60609,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60598,5194],{"class":68},[62,60600,73],{"class":72},[62,60602,96],{"class":95},[62,60604,259],{"class":76},[62,60606,1896],{"class":80},[62,60608,259],{"class":76},[62,60610,103],{"class":95},[62,60612,77],{"class":76},[62,60614,36103],{"class":80},[62,60616,259],{"class":76},[62,60618,103],{"class":95},[62,60620,77],{"class":76},[62,60622,36112],{"class":80},[62,60624,259],{"class":76},[62,60626,114],{"class":95},[1256,60628,60630],{"id":60629},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60632,60633],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[29,60635,60636,60639,60642,60647],{},[32,60637,60638],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[32,60640,60641],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[32,60643,60644,60645],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60646,24941],{},[32,60648,8631,60649,60652],{},[18,60650,60651],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1256,60654,60656],{"id":60655},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[53,60658,60660],{"className":55,"code":60659,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60661,60662,60672,60686,60700],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60663,60664,60666,60668,60670],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60665,128],{"class":127},[62,60667,131],{"class":95},[62,60669,2069],{"class":139},[62,60671,434],{"class":95},[62,60673,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60675,128],{"class":127},[62,60677,131],{"class":95},[62,60679,1690],{"class":430},[62,60681,131],{"class":95},[62,60683,2069],{"class":139},[62,60685,1013],{"class":95},[62,60687,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,60689,128],{"class":127},[62,60691,131],{"class":95},[62,60693,134],{"class":127},[62,60695,131],{"class":95},[62,60697,2069],{"class":139},[62,60699,1013],{"class":95},[62,60701,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60714,60716],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,60703,128],{"class":127},[62,60705,131],{"class":95},[62,60707,8276],{"class":430},[62,60709,131],{"class":95},[62,60711,59944],{"class":127},[62,60713,131],{"class":95},[62,60715,299],{"class":99},[62,60717,3115],{"class":95},[14,60719,26169],{},[29,60721,60722,60725,60728,60731],{},[32,60723,60724],{},"what the list contains",[32,60726,60727],{},"whether the value is really a list",[32,60729,60730],{},"how many items it has",[32,60732,26180,60733,60735,60736],{},[18,60734,24941],{}," does with ",[18,60737,36359],{},[48,60739,60741],{"id":60740},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60743,60744],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60746,60747],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[29,60749,60750,60765,60770],{},[32,60751,169,60752,399,60756,404,60760,60764],{},[262,60753,60754],{"href":56713},[18,60755,52596],{},[262,60757,60758],{"href":53288},[18,60759,53390],{},[262,60761,60762],{"href":53852},[18,60763,54212],{}," to add items later",[32,60766,169,60767,60769],{},[262,60768,59341],{"href":402}," for a broader introduction",[32,60771,169,60772,60776],{},[262,60773,60774,60004],{"href":60001},[18,60775,24941],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[48,60778,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,60780,60782],{"id":60781},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60784,60785],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[53,60787,60788],{"className":55,"code":38453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,60789,60790],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60791,60792],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60793,38453],{"class":95},[1256,60795,60797],{"id":60796},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60799,60800],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[53,60802,60803],{"className":55,"code":55094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,60804,60805],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60806,60807,60809,60811,60813,60815,60817,60819],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60808,948],{"class":95},[62,60810,499],{"class":99},[62,60812,103],{"class":95},[62,60814,284],{"class":99},[62,60816,103],{"class":95},[62,60818,508],{"class":99},[62,60820,114],{"class":95},[1256,60822,5340,60824,60826],{"id":60823},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,60825,24941],{}," do in Python?",[14,60828,60829,60830,60832],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,60831,36359],{},", into a list.",[1256,60834,60836],{"id":60835},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60838,60839],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1256,60841,5378,60843,1940,60845,632],{"id":60842},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,60844,3990],{},[18,60846,7557],{},[14,60848,60849,60851,60852,60854],{},[18,60850,3990],{}," creates a list. ",[18,60853,7557],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[48,60856,2109],{"id":2108},[29,60858,60859,60863,60869,60875,60881,60887,60891],{},[32,60860,60861],{},[262,60862,59341],{"href":402},[32,60864,60865],{},[262,60866,55464,60867,11494],{"href":56713},[18,60868,52596],{},[32,60870,60871],{},[262,60872,55464,60873,11494],{"href":53288},[18,60874,53390],{},[32,60876,60877],{},[262,60878,55464,60879,11494],{"href":53852},[18,60880,54212],{},[32,60882,60883],{},[262,60884,3779,60885,3783],{"href":60001},[18,60886,24941],{},[32,60888,60889],{},[262,60890,59344],{"href":58439},[32,60892,60893],{},[262,60894,60895],{"href":12236},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60897,60898,60899,60901],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,60900,52596],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2145,60903,60904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":60906},[60907,60908,60909,60910,60913,60914,60920,60921,60931,60932,60941],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":15329,"depth":87,"text":15330},{"id":59236,"depth":87,"text":59237},{"id":59347,"depth":87,"text":59348,"children":60911},[60912],{"id":59549,"depth":117,"text":59550},{"id":59565,"depth":87,"text":59566},{"id":59762,"depth":87,"text":60915,"children":60916},"Create a list with list()",[60917,60918,60919],{"id":59787,"depth":117,"text":59788},{"id":59860,"depth":117,"text":59861},{"id":59925,"depth":117,"text":59926},{"id":60007,"depth":87,"text":60008},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":60922},[60923,60924,60926,60928,60929,60930],{"id":60144,"depth":117,"text":60145},{"id":60203,"depth":117,"text":60925},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60323,"depth":117,"text":60927},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60544,"depth":117,"text":60545},{"id":60629,"depth":117,"text":60630},{"id":60655,"depth":117,"text":60656},{"id":60740,"depth":87,"text":60741},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":60933},[60934,60935,60936,60938,60939],{"id":60781,"depth":117,"text":60782},{"id":60796,"depth":117,"text":60797},{"id":60823,"depth":117,"text":60937},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60835,"depth":117,"text":60836},{"id":60842,"depth":117,"text":60940},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58978,"description":60942},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60949,"title":60950,"body":60951,"description":62692,"extension":2174,"meta":62693,"navigation":120,"path":62694,"seo":62695,"stem":62696,"__hash__":62697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60952,"toc":62647},[60953,60958,60963,60966,60968,61039,61044,61049,61053,61067,61072,61074,61094,61099,61102,61125,61129,61134,61226,61228,61250,61256,61262,61269,61276,61282,61339,61345,61403,61405,61417,61425,61431,61436,61440,61497,61500,61504,61563,61566,61570,61628,61640,61644,61697,61700,61704,61710,61716,61778,61781,61842,61845,61901,61906,61908,61912,61919,61980,61985,61994,62050,62057,62061,62119,62128,62186,62190,62225,62229,62239,62242,62297,62311,62314,62429,62434,62438,62449,62451,62530,62540,62542,62547,62552,62559,62567,62573,62576,62582,62585,62591,62597,62599,62635,62644],[10,60954,54286,60956,11494],{"id":60955},"python-list-extend-method",[18,60957,53390],{},[14,60959,60960,60962],{},[18,60961,53291],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60964,60965],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[48,60967,51],{"id":50},[53,60969,60971],{"className":55,"code":60970,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60972,60973,60989,61006,61010,61025,61035],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,60974,60975,60977,60979,60981,60983,60985,60987],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,60976,225],{"class":68},[62,60978,73],{"class":72},[62,60980,96],{"class":95},[62,60982,499],{"class":99},[62,60984,103],{"class":95},[62,60986,284],{"class":99},[62,60988,114],{"class":95},[62,60990,60991,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002,61004],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,60992,60993],{"class":68},"more_numbers ",[62,60995,73],{"class":72},[62,60997,96],{"class":95},[62,60999,2273],{"class":99},[62,61001,103],{"class":95},[62,61003,2661],{"class":99},[62,61005,114],{"class":95},[62,61007,61008],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61009,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61011,61012,61014,61016,61018,61020,61023],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61013,348],{"class":68},[62,61015,409],{"class":95},[62,61017,53420],{"class":139},[62,61019,131],{"class":95},[62,61021,61022],{"class":139},"more_numbers",[62,61024,434],{"class":95},[62,61026,61027,61029,61031,61033],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61028,128],{"class":127},[62,61030,131],{"class":95},[62,61032,348],{"class":139},[62,61034,434],{"class":95},[62,61036,61037],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,61038,52667],{"class":146},[14,61040,169,61041,61043],{},[18,61042,53390],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[48,61045,3879,61047,3882],{"id":61046},"what-listextend-does",[18,61048,53291],{},[14,61050,61051,267],{},[18,61052,53390],{},[29,61054,61055,61058,61060,61063],{},[32,61056,61057],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[32,61059,54372],{},[32,61061,61062],{},"Does not create a new list",[32,61064,11596,61065],{},[18,61066,1548],{},[14,61068,61069,61070,53745],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,61071,53390],{},[48,61073,413],{"id":412},[53,61075,61077],{"className":55,"code":61076,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,61078,61079],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61080,61081,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61082,61083],{"class":68},"list_name",[62,61085,409],{"class":95},[62,61087,53420],{"class":139},[62,61089,131],{"class":95},[62,61091,3923],{"class":139},[62,61093,434],{"class":95},[14,61095,5650,61096,61098],{},[3946,61097,3923],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61100,61101],{},"Common iterables include:",[29,61103,61104,61108,61112,61116,61121],{},[32,61105,61106],{},[18,61107,8276],{},[32,61109,61110],{},[18,61111,49103],{},[32,61113,61114],{},[18,61115,6482],{},[32,61117,61118],{},[18,61119,61120],{},"string",[32,61122,61123],{},[18,61124,59944],{},[48,61126,61128],{"id":61127},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61130,61131,61132,267],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,61133,53390],{},[53,61135,61137],{"className":55,"code":61136,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,61138,61139,61163,61188,61192,61207,61211,61221],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61140,61141,61143,61145,61147,61149,61151,61153,61155,61157,61159,61161],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61142,36400],{"class":68},[62,61144,73],{"class":72},[62,61146,96],{"class":95},[62,61148,259],{"class":76},[62,61150,901],{"class":80},[62,61152,259],{"class":76},[62,61154,103],{"class":95},[62,61156,77],{"class":76},[62,61158,910],{"class":80},[62,61160,259],{"class":76},[62,61162,114],{"class":95},[62,61164,61165,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61184,61186],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61166,61167],{"class":68},"more_fruits ",[62,61169,73],{"class":72},[62,61171,96],{"class":95},[62,61173,259],{"class":76},[62,61175,33383],{"class":80},[62,61177,259],{"class":76},[62,61179,103],{"class":95},[62,61181,77],{"class":76},[62,61183,22694],{"class":80},[62,61185,259],{"class":76},[62,61187,114],{"class":95},[62,61189,61190],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61191,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61193,61194,61196,61198,61200,61202,61205],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61195,36452],{"class":68},[62,61197,409],{"class":95},[62,61199,53420],{"class":139},[62,61201,131],{"class":95},[62,61203,61204],{"class":139},"more_fruits",[62,61206,434],{"class":95},[62,61208,61209],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61210,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61212,61213,61215,61217,61219],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,61214,128],{"class":127},[62,61216,131],{"class":95},[62,61218,36452],{"class":139},[62,61220,434],{"class":95},[62,61222,61223],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,61224,61225],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61227,11854],{},[29,61229,61230,61235,61240],{},[32,61231,61232,61234],{},[18,61233,36452],{}," starts with two items",[32,61236,61237,61239],{},[18,61238,61204],{}," has two more items",[32,61241,61242,61244,61245,61247,61248],{},[18,61243,53390],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61246,61204],{}," to ",[18,61249,36452],{},[14,61251,61252,61253,61255],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61254,36452],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61257,54511,61258,1940,61260,409],{},[262,61259,52715],{"href":402},[262,61261,57099],{"href":57098},[48,61263,61265,10756,61267],{"id":61264},"extend-vs-append",[18,61266,53390],{},[18,61268,52596],{},[14,61270,61271,1940,61273,61275],{},[18,61272,53390],{},[18,61274,52596],{}," are often confused.",[1256,61277,61279,61281],{"id":61278},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61280,53390],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[53,61283,61285],{"className":55,"code":61284,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61286,61287,61303,61321,61325,61335],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61288,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61290,225],{"class":68},[62,61292,73],{"class":72},[62,61294,96],{"class":95},[62,61296,499],{"class":99},[62,61298,103],{"class":95},[62,61300,284],{"class":99},[62,61302,114],{"class":95},[62,61304,61305,61307,61309,61311,61313,61315,61317,61319],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61306,348],{"class":68},[62,61308,409],{"class":95},[62,61310,53420],{"class":139},[62,61312,496],{"class":95},[62,61314,2273],{"class":99},[62,61316,103],{"class":95},[62,61318,2661],{"class":99},[62,61320,4088],{"class":95},[62,61322,61323],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61324,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61326,61327,61329,61331,61333],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61328,128],{"class":127},[62,61330,131],{"class":95},[62,61332,348],{"class":139},[62,61334,434],{"class":95},[62,61336,61337],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61338,52667],{"class":146},[1256,61340,61342,61344],{"id":61341},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,61343,52596],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[53,61346,61348],{"className":55,"code":61347,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,61349,61350,61366,61384,61388,61398],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61351,61352,61354,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61353,225],{"class":68},[62,61355,73],{"class":72},[62,61357,96],{"class":95},[62,61359,499],{"class":99},[62,61361,103],{"class":95},[62,61363,284],{"class":99},[62,61365,114],{"class":95},[62,61367,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380,61382],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61369,348],{"class":68},[62,61371,409],{"class":95},[62,61373,13720],{"class":139},[62,61375,496],{"class":95},[62,61377,2273],{"class":99},[62,61379,103],{"class":95},[62,61381,2661],{"class":99},[62,61383,4088],{"class":95},[62,61385,61386],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61387,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61389,61390,61392,61394,61396],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61391,128],{"class":127},[62,61393,131],{"class":95},[62,61395,348],{"class":139},[62,61397,434],{"class":95},[62,61399,61400],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61401,61402],{"class":146},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61404,18858],{},[29,61406,61407,61412],{},[32,61408,61409,61411],{},[18,61410,53390],{}," to combine values",[32,61413,61414,61416],{},[18,61415,52596],{}," to add one item",[14,61418,42245,61419,1940,61423,409],{},[262,61420,55464,61421,10912],{"href":56713},[18,61422,52596],{},[262,61424,52993],{"href":52992},[48,61426,1834,61428,61430],{"id":61427},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61429,53390],{}," with different iterables",[14,61432,61433,61435],{},[18,61434,53390],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1256,61437,61439],{"id":61438},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[53,61441,61443],{"className":55,"code":61442,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61444,61445,61461,61479,61483,61493],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61446,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457,61459],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61448,292],{"class":68},[62,61450,73],{"class":72},[62,61452,96],{"class":95},[62,61454,499],{"class":99},[62,61456,103],{"class":95},[62,61458,284],{"class":99},[62,61460,114],{"class":95},[62,61462,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61464,386],{"class":68},[62,61466,409],{"class":95},[62,61468,53420],{"class":139},[62,61470,524],{"class":95},[62,61472,2273],{"class":99},[62,61474,103],{"class":95},[62,61476,2661],{"class":99},[62,61478,1013],{"class":95},[62,61480,61481],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61482,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61484,61485,61487,61489,61491],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61486,128],{"class":127},[62,61488,131],{"class":95},[62,61490,386],{"class":139},[62,61492,434],{"class":95},[62,61494,61495],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61496,52667],{"class":146},[14,61498,61499],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1256,61501,61503],{"id":61502},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[53,61505,61507],{"className":55,"code":61506,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61508,61509,61525,61544,61548,61558],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61510,61511,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61512,36253],{"class":68},[62,61514,73],{"class":72},[62,61516,96],{"class":95},[62,61518,259],{"class":76},[62,61520,262],{"class":80},[62,61522,259],{"class":76},[62,61524,114],{"class":95},[62,61526,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537,61540,61542],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61528,582],{"class":68},[62,61530,409],{"class":95},[62,61532,53420],{"class":139},[62,61534,131],{"class":95},[62,61536,259],{"class":76},[62,61538,61539],{"class":80},"bc",[62,61541,259],{"class":76},[62,61543,434],{"class":95},[62,61545,61546],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61547,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61549,61550,61552,61554,61556],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61551,128],{"class":127},[62,61553,131],{"class":95},[62,61555,582],{"class":139},[62,61557,434],{"class":95},[62,61559,61560],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61561,61562],{"class":146},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61564,61565],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1256,61567,61569],{"id":61568},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[53,61571,61573],{"className":55,"code":61572,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61574,61575,61587,61609,61613,61623],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61576,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61578,225],{"class":68},[62,61580,73],{"class":72},[62,61582,96],{"class":95},[62,61584,665],{"class":99},[62,61586,114],{"class":95},[62,61588,61589,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61590,348],{"class":68},[62,61592,409],{"class":95},[62,61594,53420],{"class":139},[62,61596,131],{"class":95},[62,61598,59944],{"class":127},[62,61600,131],{"class":95},[62,61602,499],{"class":99},[62,61604,103],{"class":95},[62,61606,2661],{"class":99},[62,61608,1013],{"class":95},[62,61610,61611],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61612,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61614,61615,61617,61619,61621],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61616,128],{"class":127},[62,61618,131],{"class":95},[62,61620,348],{"class":139},[62,61622,434],{"class":95},[62,61624,61625],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61626,61627],{"class":146},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61629,61630,61633,61634,399,61636,404,61638,409],{},[18,61631,61632],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61635,499],{},[18,61637,1935],{},[18,61639,2273],{},[1256,61641,61643],{"id":61642},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[53,61645,61647],{"className":55,"code":61646,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61648,61649,61665,61683,61687],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61650,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661,61663],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61652,90],{"class":68},[62,61654,73],{"class":72},[62,61656,96],{"class":95},[62,61658,499],{"class":99},[62,61660,103],{"class":95},[62,61662,284],{"class":99},[62,61664,114],{"class":95},[62,61666,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61668,161],{"class":68},[62,61670,409],{"class":95},[62,61672,53420],{"class":139},[62,61674,547],{"class":95},[62,61676,2273],{"class":99},[62,61678,103],{"class":95},[62,61680,2661],{"class":99},[62,61682,30658],{"class":95},[62,61684,61685],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61686,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61688,61689,61691,61693,61695],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61690,128],{"class":127},[62,61692,131],{"class":95},[62,61694,161],{"class":139},[62,61696,434],{"class":95},[14,61698,61699],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[48,61701,61703],{"id":61702},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61705,61706,2602,61708,409],{},[18,61707,53390],{},[18,61709,1548],{},[14,61711,61712,61713,267],{},"That means this is ",[3946,61714,61715],{},"wrong",[53,61717,61719],{"className":55,"code":61718,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,61720,61721,61737,61759,61763,61773],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61722,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61724,225],{"class":68},[62,61726,73],{"class":72},[62,61728,96],{"class":95},[62,61730,499],{"class":99},[62,61732,103],{"class":95},[62,61734,284],{"class":99},[62,61736,114],{"class":95},[62,61738,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755,61757],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61740,2435],{"class":68},[62,61742,73],{"class":72},[62,61744,4462],{"class":68},[62,61746,409],{"class":95},[62,61748,53420],{"class":139},[62,61750,496],{"class":95},[62,61752,2273],{"class":99},[62,61754,103],{"class":95},[62,61756,2661],{"class":99},[62,61758,4088],{"class":95},[62,61760,61761],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61762,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61764,61765,61767,61769,61771],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61766,128],{"class":127},[62,61768,131],{"class":95},[62,61770,2470],{"class":139},[62,61772,434],{"class":95},[62,61774,61775],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61776,61777],{"class":146},"# None\n",[14,61779,61780],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[53,61782,61784],{"className":55,"code":61783,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61785,61786,61802,61824,61828,61838],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61787,61788,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61789,225],{"class":68},[62,61791,73],{"class":72},[62,61793,96],{"class":95},[62,61795,499],{"class":99},[62,61797,103],{"class":95},[62,61799,284],{"class":99},[62,61801,114],{"class":95},[62,61803,61804,61806,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61805,225],{"class":68},[62,61807,73],{"class":72},[62,61809,4462],{"class":68},[62,61811,409],{"class":95},[62,61813,53420],{"class":139},[62,61815,496],{"class":95},[62,61817,2273],{"class":99},[62,61819,103],{"class":95},[62,61821,2661],{"class":99},[62,61823,4088],{"class":95},[62,61825,61826],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61827,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61829,61830,61832,61834,61836],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61831,128],{"class":127},[62,61833,131],{"class":95},[62,61835,348],{"class":139},[62,61837,434],{"class":95},[62,61839,61840],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61841,61777],{"class":146},[14,61843,61844],{},"The correct way is:",[53,61846,61847],{"className":55,"code":61284,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,61848,61849,61865,61883,61887,61897],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61850,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61852,225],{"class":68},[62,61854,73],{"class":72},[62,61856,96],{"class":95},[62,61858,499],{"class":99},[62,61860,103],{"class":95},[62,61862,284],{"class":99},[62,61864,114],{"class":95},[62,61866,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61868,348],{"class":68},[62,61870,409],{"class":95},[62,61872,53420],{"class":139},[62,61874,496],{"class":95},[62,61876,2273],{"class":99},[62,61878,103],{"class":95},[62,61880,2661],{"class":99},[62,61882,4088],{"class":95},[62,61884,61885],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61886,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61888,61889,61891,61893,61895],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61890,128],{"class":127},[62,61892,131],{"class":95},[62,61894,348],{"class":139},[62,61896,434],{"class":95},[62,61898,61899],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61900,52667],{"class":146},[14,61902,55853,61903,61905],{},[18,61904,53390],{}," first, then use the original list.",[48,61907,4718],{"id":4717},[14,61909,14900,61910,409],{},[18,61911,53390],{},[1256,61913,61915,61916,61918],{"id":61914},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,61917,53390],{}," to return a new list",[53,61920,61922],{"className":55,"code":61921,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61923,61924,61940,61962,61966,61976],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61925,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,61927,225],{"class":68},[62,61929,73],{"class":72},[62,61931,96],{"class":95},[62,61933,499],{"class":99},[62,61935,103],{"class":95},[62,61937,284],{"class":99},[62,61939,114],{"class":95},[62,61941,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958,61960],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,61943,55586],{"class":68},[62,61945,73],{"class":72},[62,61947,4462],{"class":68},[62,61949,409],{"class":95},[62,61951,53420],{"class":139},[62,61953,496],{"class":95},[62,61955,2273],{"class":99},[62,61957,103],{"class":95},[62,61959,2661],{"class":99},[62,61961,4088],{"class":95},[62,61963,61964],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,61965,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,61967,61968,61970,61972,61974],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,61969,128],{"class":127},[62,61971,131],{"class":95},[62,61973,55605],{"class":139},[62,61975,434],{"class":95},[62,61977,61978],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,61979,61777],{"class":146},[14,61981,61982,61983,409],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,61984,53390],{},[1256,61986,61988,61989,44781,61991,61993],{"id":61987},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,61990,52596],{},[18,61992,53390],{}," is needed",[53,61995,61996],{"className":55,"code":61347,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,61997,61998,62014,62032,62036,62046],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,61999,62000,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62001,225],{"class":68},[62,62003,73],{"class":72},[62,62005,96],{"class":95},[62,62007,499],{"class":99},[62,62009,103],{"class":95},[62,62011,284],{"class":99},[62,62013,114],{"class":95},[62,62015,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62017,348],{"class":68},[62,62019,409],{"class":95},[62,62021,13720],{"class":139},[62,62023,496],{"class":95},[62,62025,2273],{"class":99},[62,62027,103],{"class":95},[62,62029,2661],{"class":99},[62,62031,4088],{"class":95},[62,62033,62034],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,62035,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,62037,62038,62040,62042,62044],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,62039,128],{"class":127},[62,62041,131],{"class":95},[62,62043,348],{"class":139},[62,62045,434],{"class":95},[62,62047,62048],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,62049,61402],{"class":146},[14,62051,62052,62053,53835,62055,6822],{},"If you wanted ",[18,62054,53834],{},[18,62056,53390],{},[1256,62058,62060],{"id":62059},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[53,62062,62064],{"className":55,"code":62063,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,62065,62066,62082,62100,62104,62114],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62067,62068,62070,62072,62074,62076,62078,62080],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62069,4270],{"class":68},[62,62071,73],{"class":72},[62,62073,96],{"class":95},[62,62075,259],{"class":76},[62,62077,81],{"class":80},[62,62079,259],{"class":76},[62,62081,114],{"class":95},[62,62083,62084,62086,62088,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62085,4312],{"class":68},[62,62087,409],{"class":95},[62,62089,53420],{"class":139},[62,62091,131],{"class":95},[62,62093,259],{"class":76},[62,62095,60537],{"class":80},[62,62097,259],{"class":76},[62,62099,434],{"class":95},[62,62101,62102],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,62103,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,62105,62106,62108,62110,62112],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,62107,128],{"class":127},[62,62109,131],{"class":95},[62,62111,4312],{"class":139},[62,62113,434],{"class":95},[62,62115,62116],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,62117,62118],{"class":146},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62120,62121,62122,62125,62126,267],{},"If you want ",[18,62123,62124],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,62127,52596],{},[53,62129,62131],{"className":55,"code":62130,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,62132,62133,62149,62167,62171,62181],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62134,62135,62137,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62136,4270],{"class":68},[62,62138,73],{"class":72},[62,62140,96],{"class":95},[62,62142,259],{"class":76},[62,62144,81],{"class":80},[62,62146,259],{"class":76},[62,62148,114],{"class":95},[62,62150,62151,62153,62155,62157,62159,62161,62163,62165],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62152,4312],{"class":68},[62,62154,409],{"class":95},[62,62156,13720],{"class":139},[62,62158,131],{"class":95},[62,62160,259],{"class":76},[62,62162,60537],{"class":80},[62,62164,259],{"class":76},[62,62166,434],{"class":95},[62,62168,62169],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,62170,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,62172,62173,62175,62177,62179],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,62174,128],{"class":127},[62,62176,131],{"class":95},[62,62178,4312],{"class":139},[62,62180,434],{"class":95},[62,62182,62183],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,62184,62185],{"class":146},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1256,62187,62189],{"id":62188},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[53,62191,62193],{"className":55,"code":62192,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,62194,62195,62211],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62196,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205,62207,62209],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62198,225],{"class":68},[62,62200,73],{"class":72},[62,62202,96],{"class":95},[62,62204,499],{"class":99},[62,62206,103],{"class":95},[62,62208,284],{"class":99},[62,62210,114],{"class":95},[62,62212,62213,62215,62217,62219,62221,62223],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62214,348],{"class":68},[62,62216,409],{"class":95},[62,62218,53420],{"class":139},[62,62220,131],{"class":95},[62,62222,299],{"class":99},[62,62224,434],{"class":95},[14,62226,39807,62227,6742],{},[18,62228,299],{},[14,62230,62231,62232,62234,62235,62238],{},"You will get a ",[18,62233,1535],{},". See ",[262,62236,62237],{"href":2137},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62240,62241],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[53,62243,62245],{"className":55,"code":62244,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62246,62247,62257,62271,62283],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62248,62249,62251,62253,62255],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62250,128],{"class":127},[62,62252,131],{"class":95},[62,62254,2069],{"class":139},[62,62256,434],{"class":95},[62,62258,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62260,128],{"class":127},[62,62262,131],{"class":95},[62,62264,1690],{"class":430},[62,62266,131],{"class":95},[62,62268,386],{"class":139},[62,62270,1013],{"class":95},[62,62272,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,62274,128],{"class":127},[62,62276,131],{"class":95},[62,62278,2470],{"class":139},[62,62280,741],{"class":95},[62,62282,434],{"class":68},[62,62284,62285,62287,62289,62291,62293,62295],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,62286,32314],{"class":127},[62,62288,131],{"class":95},[62,62290,8276],{"class":430},[62,62292,409],{"class":95},[62,62294,53420],{"class":24910},[62,62296,434],{"class":95},[43731,62298,62299],{},[14,62300,62301,62302,62305,62306,62308,62309,409],{},"Note: ",[18,62303,62304],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62307,741],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62310,33189],{},[14,62312,62313],{},"Correct debugging example:",[53,62315,62317],{"className":55,"code":62316,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62318,62319,62335,62351,62355,62369,62373,62381,62391,62405,62415],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62320,62321,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62322,2050],{"class":68},[62,62324,73],{"class":72},[62,62326,96],{"class":95},[62,62328,499],{"class":99},[62,62330,103],{"class":95},[62,62332,284],{"class":99},[62,62334,114],{"class":95},[62,62336,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347,62349],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62338,292],{"class":68},[62,62340,73],{"class":72},[62,62342,96],{"class":95},[62,62344,2273],{"class":99},[62,62346,103],{"class":95},[62,62348,2661],{"class":99},[62,62350,114],{"class":95},[62,62352,62353],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,62354,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,62356,62357,62359,62361,62363,62365,62367],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,62358,2069],{"class":68},[62,62360,409],{"class":95},[62,62362,53420],{"class":139},[62,62364,131],{"class":95},[62,62366,386],{"class":139},[62,62368,434],{"class":95},[62,62370,62371],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,62372,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,62374,62375,62377,62379],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,62376,2435],{"class":68},[62,62378,73],{"class":72},[62,62380,1619],{"class":1618},[62,62382,62383,62385,62387,62389],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,62384,128],{"class":127},[62,62386,131],{"class":95},[62,62388,2069],{"class":139},[62,62390,434],{"class":95},[62,62392,62393,62395,62397,62399,62401,62403],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,62394,128],{"class":127},[62,62396,131],{"class":95},[62,62398,1690],{"class":430},[62,62400,131],{"class":95},[62,62402,386],{"class":139},[62,62404,1013],{"class":95},[62,62406,62407,62409,62411,62413],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,62408,128],{"class":127},[62,62410,131],{"class":95},[62,62412,2470],{"class":139},[62,62414,434],{"class":95},[62,62416,62417,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427],{"class":64,"line":6627},[62,62418,32314],{"class":127},[62,62420,131],{"class":95},[62,62422,8276],{"class":430},[62,62424,409],{"class":95},[62,62426,53420],{"class":24910},[62,62428,434],{"class":95},[48,62430,5160,62432],{"id":62431},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62433,53390],{},[14,62435,169,62436,6513],{},[18,62437,53390],{},[29,62439,62440,62443,62446],{},[32,62441,62442],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[32,62444,62445],{},"Add multiple values at once",[32,62447,62448],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62450,5670],{},[53,62452,62454],{"className":55,"code":62453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62455,62456,62473,62491,62495,62511,62515,62525],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62457,62458,62461,62463,62465,62467,62469,62471],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62459,62460],{"class":68},"all_scores ",[62,62462,73],{"class":72},[62,62464,96],{"class":95},[62,62466,13669],{"class":99},[62,62468,103],{"class":95},[62,62470,13674],{"class":99},[62,62472,114],{"class":95},[62,62474,62475,62478,62480,62482,62484,62486,62489],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62476,62477],{"class":68},"new_scores ",[62,62479,73],{"class":72},[62,62481,96],{"class":95},[62,62483,976],{"class":99},[62,62485,103],{"class":95},[62,62487,62488],{"class":99}," 92",[62,62490,114],{"class":95},[62,62492,62493],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,62494,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,62496,62497,62500,62502,62504,62506,62509],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,62498,62499],{"class":68},"all_scores",[62,62501,409],{"class":95},[62,62503,53420],{"class":139},[62,62505,131],{"class":95},[62,62507,62508],{"class":139},"new_scores",[62,62510,434],{"class":95},[62,62512,62513],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,62514,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,62516,62517,62519,62521,62523],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,62518,128],{"class":127},[62,62520,131],{"class":95},[62,62522,62499],{"class":139},[62,62524,434],{"class":95},[62,62526,62527],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,62528,62529],{"class":146},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62531,62532,62533,62535,62536,409],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62534,52596],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[262,62537,55464,62538,10912],{"href":53852},[18,62539,54212],{},[48,62541,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,62543,12875,62545,55413],{"id":62544},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62546,53291],{},[14,62548,62549,62550,409],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62551,1548],{},[1256,62553,5378,62555,1940,62557,632],{"id":62554},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62556,53390],{},[18,62558,52596],{},[14,62560,62561,62563,62564,62566],{},[18,62562,53390],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62565,52596],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1256,62568,28489,62570,62572],{"id":62569},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62571,53390],{}," with a string?",[14,62574,62575],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1256,62577,28489,62579,62581],{"id":62578},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62580,53390],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62583,62584],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1256,62586,62588,62589,632],{"id":62587},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62590,53390],{},[14,62592,62593,62594,62596],{},"You get a ",[18,62595,1535],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[48,62598,2109],{"id":2108},[29,62600,62601,62607,62611,62615,62619,62625,62629],{},[32,62602,62603],{},[262,62604,55464,62605,10912],{"href":56713},[18,62606,52596],{},[32,62608,62609],{},[262,62610,54222],{"href":52992},[32,62612,62613],{},[262,62614,57173],{"href":57098},[32,62616,62617],{},[262,62618,52715],{"href":402},[32,62620,62621],{},[262,62622,55464,62623,10912],{"href":53852},[18,62624,54212],{},[32,62626,62627],{},[262,62628,62237],{"href":2137},[32,62630,62631],{},[262,62632,55464,62633,10912],{"href":54904},[18,62634,12948],{},[14,62636,62637,62638,62640,62641,62643],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62639,52596],{},", when to use ",[18,62642,54212],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2145,62645,62646],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":62648},[62649,62650,62652,62653,62654,62661,62668,62669,62677,62679,62691],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":61046,"depth":87,"text":62651},"What list.extend() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":61127,"depth":87,"text":61128},{"id":61264,"depth":87,"text":62655,"children":62656},"extend() vs append()",[62657,62659],{"id":61278,"depth":117,"text":62658},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61341,"depth":117,"text":62660},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61427,"depth":87,"text":62662,"children":62663},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62664,62665,62666,62667],{"id":61438,"depth":117,"text":61439},{"id":61502,"depth":117,"text":61503},{"id":61568,"depth":117,"text":61569},{"id":61642,"depth":117,"text":61643},{"id":61702,"depth":87,"text":61703},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":62670},[62671,62673,62675,62676],{"id":61914,"depth":117,"text":62672},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61987,"depth":117,"text":62674},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62059,"depth":117,"text":62060},{"id":62188,"depth":117,"text":62189},{"id":62431,"depth":87,"text":62678},"When to use extend()",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":62680},[62681,62683,62685,62687,62689],{"id":62544,"depth":117,"text":62682},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62554,"depth":117,"text":62684},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62569,"depth":117,"text":62686},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62578,"depth":117,"text":62688},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62587,"depth":117,"text":62690},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60950,"description":62692},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62699,"title":62700,"body":62701,"description":64792,"extension":2174,"meta":64793,"navigation":120,"path":64794,"seo":64795,"stem":64796,"__hash__":64797},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62702,"toc":64755},[62703,62706,62711,62717,62728,62734,62736,62805,62807,62856,62864,62868,62873,62876,62887,62892,62894,62896,62917,62930,62933,62946,62948,62953,62978,62980,62988,62991,63060,63062,63086,63092,63096,63100,63136,63138,63158,63165,63169,63202,63204,63238,63243,63247,63280,63282,63310,63318,63322,63359,63361,63382,63385,63389,63458,63460,63484,63490,63497,63501,63504,63506,63520,63523,63547,63549,63574,63577,63596,63598,63624,63633,63637,63644,63721,63723,63764,63770,63776,63867,63869,63925,63928,63933,63937,63942,63946,64005,64007,64032,64036,64099,64101,64126,64130,64193,64195,64238,64241,64245,64249,64271,64275,64357,64359,64394,64402,64404,64408,64412,64414,64441,64446,64448,64475,64482,64485,64508,64510,64559,64562,64565,64584,64588,64591,64642,64645,64651,64655,64660,64663,64665,64671,64680,64684,64690,64694,64697,64701,64704,64708,64714,64716,64752],[10,62704,62700],{"id":62705},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62707,16,62708,62710],{},[18,62709,24941],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62712,62713,62714,62716],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,62715,24941],{}," for two main reasons:",[29,62718,62719,62722],{},[32,62720,62721],{},"to make an empty list",[32,62723,62724,62725,62727],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62726,59944],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62729,62730,62731,62733],{},"This page explains how ",[18,62732,24941],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[48,62735,51],{"id":50},[53,62737,62739],{"className":55,"code":62738,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62740,62741,62763,62781,62785,62795],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62742,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62744,225],{"class":68},[62,62746,73],{"class":72},[62,62748,1733],{"class":430},[62,62750,524],{"class":95},[62,62752,499],{"class":99},[62,62754,103],{"class":95},[62,62756,284],{"class":99},[62,62758,103],{"class":95},[62,62760,508],{"class":99},[62,62762,1013],{"class":95},[62,62764,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62766,36253],{"class":68},[62,62768,73],{"class":72},[62,62770,1733],{"class":430},[62,62772,131],{"class":95},[62,62774,259],{"class":76},[62,62776,41712],{"class":80},[62,62778,259],{"class":76},[62,62780,434],{"class":95},[62,62782,62783],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,62784,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,62786,62787,62789,62791,62793],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,62788,128],{"class":127},[62,62790,131],{"class":95},[62,62792,348],{"class":139},[62,62794,434],{"class":95},[62,62796,62797,62799,62801,62803],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,62798,128],{"class":127},[62,62800,131],{"class":95},[62,62802,582],{"class":139},[62,62804,434],{"class":95},[14,62806,2282],{},[53,62808,62810],{"className":55,"code":62809,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62811,62812,62828],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62813,62814,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62815,948],{"class":95},[62,62817,499],{"class":99},[62,62819,103],{"class":95},[62,62821,284],{"class":99},[62,62823,103],{"class":95},[62,62825,508],{"class":99},[62,62827,114],{"class":95},[62,62829,62830,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850,62852,62854],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62831,948],{"class":95},[62,62833,3503],{"class":76},[62,62835,262],{"class":80},[62,62837,3503],{"class":76},[62,62839,103],{"class":95},[62,62841,3498],{"class":76},[62,62843,277],{"class":80},[62,62845,3503],{"class":76},[62,62847,103],{"class":95},[62,62849,3498],{"class":76},[62,62851,9912],{"class":80},[62,62853,3503],{"class":76},[62,62855,114],{"class":95},[14,62857,169,62858,62860,62861,62863],{},[18,62859,24941],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62862,59944],{},", set, or dictionary.",[48,62865,62867],{"id":62866},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62869,62870,62872],{},[18,62871,24941],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62874,62875],{},"It can:",[29,62877,62878,62881,62884],{},[32,62879,62880],{},"create a new list object",[32,62882,62883],{},"make an empty list",[32,62885,62886],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62888,62889,62890,409],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[262,62891,52715],{"href":402},[48,62893,413],{"id":412},[14,62895,26648],{},[53,62897,62899],{"className":55,"code":62898,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,62900,62901,62907],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62902,62903,62905],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62904,8276],{"class":430},[62,62906,8822],{"class":95},[62,62908,62909,62911,62913,62915],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62910,8276],{"class":430},[62,62912,131],{"class":95},[62,62914,3923],{"class":139},[62,62916,434],{"class":95},[29,62918,62919,62924],{},[32,62920,62921,62923],{},[18,62922,24941],{}," makes an empty list",[32,62925,62926,62929],{},[18,62927,62928],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62931,62932],{},"Common iterable values include:",[29,62934,62935,62937,62939,62941,62944],{},[32,62936,5508],{},[32,62938,5502],{},[32,62940,5505],{},[32,62942,62943],{},"ranges",[32,62945,7442],{},[48,62947,59566],{"id":59565},[14,62949,169,62950,62952],{},[18,62951,24941],{}," with no arguments:",[53,62954,62956],{"className":55,"code":62955,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,62957,62958,62968],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62959,62960,62962,62964,62966],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62961,90],{"class":68},[62,62963,73],{"class":72},[62,62965,1733],{"class":430},[62,62967,8822],{"class":95},[62,62969,62970,62972,62974,62976],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,62971,128],{"class":127},[62,62973,131],{"class":95},[62,62975,161],{"class":139},[62,62977,434],{"class":95},[14,62979,2282],{},[53,62981,62982],{"className":55,"code":38453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,62983,62984],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62985,62986],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62987,38453],{"class":95},[14,62989,62990],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[53,62992,62994],{"className":55,"code":62993,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,62995,62996,63006,63010,63028,63046,63050],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,62997,62998,63000,63002,63004],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,62999,90],{"class":68},[62,63001,73],{"class":72},[62,63003,1733],{"class":430},[62,63005,8822],{"class":95},[62,63007,63008],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63009,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,63011,63012,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,63013,161],{"class":68},[62,63015,409],{"class":95},[62,63017,13720],{"class":139},[62,63019,131],{"class":95},[62,63021,259],{"class":76},[62,63023,901],{"class":80},[62,63025,259],{"class":76},[62,63027,434],{"class":95},[62,63029,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,63031,161],{"class":68},[62,63033,409],{"class":95},[62,63035,13720],{"class":139},[62,63037,131],{"class":95},[62,63039,259],{"class":76},[62,63041,910],{"class":80},[62,63043,259],{"class":76},[62,63045,434],{"class":95},[62,63047,63048],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,63049,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,63051,63052,63054,63056,63058],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,63053,128],{"class":127},[62,63055,131],{"class":95},[62,63057,161],{"class":139},[62,63059,434],{"class":95},[14,63061,2282],{},[53,63063,63064],{"className":55,"code":38576,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,63065,63066],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63067,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082,63084],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63069,948],{"class":95},[62,63071,3503],{"class":76},[62,63073,901],{"class":80},[62,63075,3503],{"class":76},[62,63077,103],{"class":95},[62,63079,3498],{"class":76},[62,63081,910],{"class":80},[62,63083,3503],{"class":76},[62,63085,114],{"class":95},[14,63087,63088,63089,63091],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,63090,3990],{},". Both are valid.",[48,63093,63095],{"id":63094},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1256,63097,63099],{"id":63098},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[53,63101,63102],{"className":55,"code":59864,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,63103,63104,63126],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63105,63106,63108,63110,63112,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63107,225],{"class":68},[62,63109,73],{"class":72},[62,63111,1733],{"class":430},[62,63113,524],{"class":95},[62,63115,499],{"class":99},[62,63117,103],{"class":95},[62,63119,284],{"class":99},[62,63121,103],{"class":95},[62,63123,508],{"class":99},[62,63125,1013],{"class":95},[62,63127,63128,63130,63132,63134],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63129,128],{"class":127},[62,63131,131],{"class":95},[62,63133,348],{"class":139},[62,63135,434],{"class":95},[14,63137,2282],{},[53,63139,63140],{"className":55,"code":55094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,63141,63142],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63143,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63145,948],{"class":95},[62,63147,499],{"class":99},[62,63149,103],{"class":95},[62,63151,284],{"class":99},[62,63153,103],{"class":95},[62,63155,508],{"class":99},[62,63157,114],{"class":95},[14,63159,63160,63161,409],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[262,63162,63164],{"href":63163},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1256,63166,63168],{"id":63167},"string-to-list","String to list",[53,63170,63172],{"className":55,"code":63171,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,63173,63174,63192],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63175,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184,63186,63188,63190],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63177,36253],{"class":68},[62,63179,73],{"class":72},[62,63181,1733],{"class":430},[62,63183,131],{"class":95},[62,63185,259],{"class":76},[62,63187,37209],{"class":80},[62,63189,259],{"class":76},[62,63191,434],{"class":95},[62,63193,63194,63196,63198,63200],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63195,128],{"class":127},[62,63197,131],{"class":95},[62,63199,582],{"class":139},[62,63201,434],{"class":95},[14,63203,2282],{},[53,63205,63207],{"className":55,"code":63206,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,63208,63209],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63210,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231,63234,63236],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63212,948],{"class":95},[62,63214,3503],{"class":76},[62,63216,9912],{"class":80},[62,63218,3503],{"class":76},[62,63220,103],{"class":95},[62,63222,3498],{"class":76},[62,63224,262],{"class":80},[62,63226,3503],{"class":76},[62,63228,103],{"class":95},[62,63230,3498],{"class":76},[62,63232,63233],{"class":80},"t",[62,63235,3503],{"class":76},[62,63237,114],{"class":95},[14,63239,63240,63242],{},[18,63241,24941],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1256,63244,63246],{"id":63245},"range-to-list","Range to list",[53,63248,63250],{"className":55,"code":63249,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,63251,63252,63270],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266,63268],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63255,225],{"class":68},[62,63257,73],{"class":72},[62,63259,1733],{"class":430},[62,63261,131],{"class":95},[62,63263,59944],{"class":127},[62,63265,131],{"class":95},[62,63267,299],{"class":99},[62,63269,1013],{"class":95},[62,63271,63272,63274,63276,63278],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63273,128],{"class":127},[62,63275,131],{"class":95},[62,63277,348],{"class":139},[62,63279,434],{"class":95},[14,63281,2282],{},[53,63283,63284],{"className":55,"code":59967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,63285,63286],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63287,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63289,948],{"class":95},[62,63291,665],{"class":99},[62,63293,103],{"class":95},[62,63295,270],{"class":99},[62,63297,103],{"class":95},[62,63299,284],{"class":99},[62,63301,103],{"class":95},[62,63303,508],{"class":99},[62,63305,103],{"class":95},[62,63307,2661],{"class":99},[62,63309,114],{"class":95},[14,63311,63312,63313,63317],{},"This is common when working with ",[262,63314,63315],{"href":36356},[18,63316,36359],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1256,63319,63321],{"id":63320},"set-to-list","Set to list",[53,63323,63325],{"className":55,"code":63324,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,63326,63327,63349],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63328,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341,63343,63345,63347],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63330,292],{"class":68},[62,63332,73],{"class":72},[62,63334,1733],{"class":430},[62,63336,547],{"class":95},[62,63338,100],{"class":99},[62,63340,103],{"class":95},[62,63342,106],{"class":99},[62,63344,103],{"class":95},[62,63346,111],{"class":99},[62,63348,30658],{"class":95},[62,63350,63351,63353,63355,63357],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63352,128],{"class":127},[62,63354,131],{"class":95},[62,63356,386],{"class":139},[62,63358,434],{"class":95},[14,63360,17125],{},[53,63362,63364],{"className":55,"code":63363,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,63365,63366],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63367,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63369,948],{"class":95},[62,63371,100],{"class":99},[62,63373,103],{"class":95},[62,63375,106],{"class":99},[62,63377,103],{"class":95},[62,63379,111],{"class":99},[62,63381,114],{"class":95},[14,63383,63384],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1256,63386,63388],{"id":63387},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[53,63390,63392],{"className":55,"code":63391,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,63393,63394,63430,63444,63448],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63395,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63397,1879],{"class":68},[62,63399,73],{"class":72},[62,63401,256],{"class":95},[62,63403,259],{"class":76},[62,63405,329],{"class":80},[62,63407,259],{"class":76},[62,63409,267],{"class":95},[62,63411,77],{"class":76},[62,63413,1896],{"class":80},[62,63415,259],{"class":76},[62,63417,103],{"class":95},[62,63419,77],{"class":76},[62,63421,1073],{"class":80},[62,63423,259],{"class":76},[62,63425,267],{"class":95},[62,63427,9479],{"class":99},[62,63429,287],{"class":95},[62,63431,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63433,2435],{"class":68},[62,63435,73],{"class":72},[62,63437,1733],{"class":430},[62,63439,131],{"class":95},[62,63441,1925],{"class":139},[62,63443,434],{"class":95},[62,63445,63446],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,63447,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,63449,63450,63452,63454,63456],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,63451,128],{"class":127},[62,63453,131],{"class":95},[62,63455,2470],{"class":139},[62,63457,434],{"class":95},[14,63459,2282],{},[53,63461,63462],{"className":55,"code":25641,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,63463,63464],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63467,948],{"class":95},[62,63469,3503],{"class":76},[62,63471,329],{"class":80},[62,63473,3503],{"class":76},[62,63475,103],{"class":95},[62,63477,3498],{"class":76},[62,63479,1073],{"class":80},[62,63481,3503],{"class":76},[62,63483,114],{"class":95},[14,63485,63486,63487,63489],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,63488,24941],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63491,63492,63493,409],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[262,63494,63496],{"href":63495},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[48,63498,63500],{"id":63499},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63502,63503],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63505,61101],{},[29,63507,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518],{},[32,63509,5499],{},[32,63511,5502],{},[32,63513,5508],{},[32,63515,5505],{},[32,63517,62943],{},[32,63519,7442],{},[14,63521,63522],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[53,63524,63526],{"className":55,"code":63525,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,63527,63528],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63529,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63543,63545],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63531,128],{"class":127},[62,63533,131],{"class":95},[62,63535,8276],{"class":430},[62,63537,131],{"class":95},[62,63539,259],{"class":76},[62,63541,63542],{"class":80},"hi",[62,63544,259],{"class":76},[62,63546,1013],{"class":95},[14,63548,2282],{},[53,63550,63552],{"className":55,"code":63551,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,63553,63554],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63555,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63557,948],{"class":95},[62,63559,3503],{"class":76},[62,63561,60384],{"class":80},[62,63563,3503],{"class":76},[62,63565,103],{"class":95},[62,63567,3498],{"class":76},[62,63569,645],{"class":80},[62,63571,3503],{"class":76},[62,63573,114],{"class":95},[14,63575,63576],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[53,63578,63580],{"className":55,"code":63579,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(5))\n",[18,63581,63582],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63583,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63585,128],{"class":127},[62,63587,131],{"class":95},[62,63589,8276],{"class":430},[62,63591,131],{"class":95},[62,63593,299],{"class":99},[62,63595,1013],{"class":95},[14,63597,2282],{},[53,63599,63601],{"className":55,"code":63600,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,63602,63603],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63604,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63606,1535],{"class":430},[62,63608,267],{"class":95},[62,63610,3498],{"class":76},[62,63612,2021],{"class":80},[62,63614,3503],{"class":76},[62,63616,24777],{"class":430},[62,63618,8279],{"class":72},[62,63620,1794],{"class":72},[62,63622,63623],{"class":68}," iterable\n",[14,63625,63626,63627,63629,63630,409],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[262,63628,5334],{"href":5782},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[262,63631,63632],{"href":2137},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[48,63634,63636],{"id":63635},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63638,63639,63640,63643],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,63641,63642],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[53,63645,63647],{"className":55,"code":63646,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,63648,63649,63669,63683,63687,63697,63707],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63650,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63652,12257],{"class":68},[62,63654,73],{"class":72},[62,63656,96],{"class":95},[62,63658,499],{"class":99},[62,63660,103],{"class":95},[62,63662,284],{"class":99},[62,63664,103],{"class":95},[62,63666,508],{"class":99},[62,63668,114],{"class":95},[62,63670,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63672,14478],{"class":68},[62,63674,73],{"class":72},[62,63676,1733],{"class":430},[62,63678,131],{"class":95},[62,63680,12304],{"class":139},[62,63682,434],{"class":95},[62,63684,63685],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,63686,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,63688,63689,63691,63693,63695],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,63690,128],{"class":127},[62,63692,131],{"class":95},[62,63694,12304],{"class":139},[62,63696,434],{"class":95},[62,63698,63699,63701,63703,63705],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,63700,128],{"class":127},[62,63702,131],{"class":95},[62,63704,14497],{"class":139},[62,63706,434],{"class":95},[62,63708,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,63710,128],{"class":127},[62,63712,131],{"class":95},[62,63714,12257],{"class":139},[62,63716,1791],{"class":729},[62,63718,14551],{"class":139},[62,63720,434],{"class":95},[14,63722,2282],{},[53,63724,63726],{"className":55,"code":63725,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,63727,63728,63744,63760],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63729,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63731,948],{"class":95},[62,63733,499],{"class":99},[62,63735,103],{"class":95},[62,63737,284],{"class":99},[62,63739,103],{"class":95},[62,63741,508],{"class":99},[62,63743,114],{"class":95},[62,63745,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63747,948],{"class":95},[62,63749,499],{"class":99},[62,63751,103],{"class":95},[62,63753,284],{"class":99},[62,63755,103],{"class":95},[62,63757,508],{"class":99},[62,63759,114],{"class":95},[62,63761,63762],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,63763,4240],{"class":1618},[14,63765,63766,63767,63769],{},"This means ",[18,63768,14497],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63771,63772,63773,63775],{},"However, this is only a ",[3946,63774,13022],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[53,63777,63779],{"className":55,"code":63778,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,63780,63781,63807,63821,63825,63843,63847,63857],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63782,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63784,12257],{"class":68},[62,63786,73],{"class":72},[62,63788,56238],{"class":95},[62,63790,499],{"class":99},[62,63792,103],{"class":95},[62,63794,284],{"class":99},[62,63796,18225],{"class":95},[62,63798,96],{"class":95},[62,63800,2273],{"class":99},[62,63802,103],{"class":95},[62,63804,2661],{"class":99},[62,63806,53186],{"class":95},[62,63808,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63810,14478],{"class":68},[62,63812,73],{"class":72},[62,63814,1733],{"class":430},[62,63816,131],{"class":95},[62,63818,12304],{"class":139},[62,63820,434],{"class":95},[62,63822,63823],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,63824,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,63826,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,63828,14497],{"class":68},[62,63830,948],{"class":95},[62,63832,665],{"class":99},[62,63834,13717],{"class":95},[62,63836,13720],{"class":139},[62,63838,131],{"class":95},[62,63840,56291],{"class":99},[62,63842,434],{"class":95},[62,63844,63845],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,63846,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,63848,63849,63851,63853,63855],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,63850,128],{"class":127},[62,63852,131],{"class":95},[62,63854,12304],{"class":139},[62,63856,434],{"class":95},[62,63858,63859,63861,63863,63865],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,63860,128],{"class":127},[62,63862,131],{"class":95},[62,63864,14497],{"class":139},[62,63866,434],{"class":95},[14,63868,2282],{},[53,63870,63871],{"className":55,"code":56322,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,63872,63873,63899],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63874,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63876,56329],{"class":95},[62,63878,499],{"class":99},[62,63880,103],{"class":95},[62,63882,284],{"class":99},[62,63884,103],{"class":95},[62,63886,10369],{"class":99},[62,63888,18225],{"class":95},[62,63890,96],{"class":95},[62,63892,2273],{"class":99},[62,63894,103],{"class":95},[62,63896,2661],{"class":99},[62,63898,53186],{"class":95},[62,63900,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63902,56329],{"class":95},[62,63904,499],{"class":99},[62,63906,103],{"class":95},[62,63908,284],{"class":99},[62,63910,103],{"class":95},[62,63912,10369],{"class":99},[62,63914,18225],{"class":95},[62,63916,96],{"class":95},[62,63918,2273],{"class":99},[62,63920,103],{"class":95},[62,63922,2661],{"class":99},[62,63924,53186],{"class":95},[14,63926,63927],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63929,63930,63931,409],{},"For more on this, see ",[262,63932,13957],{"href":13956},[48,63934,63936],{"id":63935},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63938,63939,63940,409],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,63941,24941],{},[1256,63943,63945],{"id":63944},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[53,63947,63949],{"className":55,"code":63948,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,63950,63951,63991],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,63952,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,63954,1040],{"class":68},[62,63956,73],{"class":72},[62,63958,256],{"class":95},[62,63960,259],{"class":76},[62,63962,329],{"class":80},[62,63964,259],{"class":76},[62,63966,267],{"class":95},[62,63968,77],{"class":76},[62,63970,1061],{"class":80},[62,63972,259],{"class":76},[62,63974,103],{"class":95},[62,63976,77],{"class":76},[62,63978,1089],{"class":80},[62,63980,259],{"class":76},[62,63982,267],{"class":95},[62,63984,77],{"class":76},[62,63986,1098],{"class":80},[62,63988,259],{"class":76},[62,63990,287],{"class":95},[62,63992,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,63994,128],{"class":127},[62,63996,131],{"class":95},[62,63998,8276],{"class":430},[62,64000,131],{"class":95},[62,64002,1121],{"class":139},[62,64004,1013],{"class":95},[14,64006,2282],{},[53,64008,64010],{"className":55,"code":64009,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,64011,64012],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64013,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64015,948],{"class":95},[62,64017,3503],{"class":76},[62,64019,329],{"class":80},[62,64021,3503],{"class":76},[62,64023,103],{"class":95},[62,64025,3498],{"class":76},[62,64027,1089],{"class":80},[62,64029,3503],{"class":76},[62,64031,114],{"class":95},[1256,64033,64035],{"id":64034},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[53,64037,64039],{"className":55,"code":64038,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,64040,64041,64081],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64042,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64044,1040],{"class":68},[62,64046,73],{"class":72},[62,64048,256],{"class":95},[62,64050,259],{"class":76},[62,64052,329],{"class":80},[62,64054,259],{"class":76},[62,64056,267],{"class":95},[62,64058,77],{"class":76},[62,64060,1061],{"class":80},[62,64062,259],{"class":76},[62,64064,103],{"class":95},[62,64066,77],{"class":76},[62,64068,1089],{"class":80},[62,64070,259],{"class":76},[62,64072,267],{"class":95},[62,64074,77],{"class":76},[62,64076,1098],{"class":80},[62,64078,259],{"class":76},[62,64080,287],{"class":95},[62,64082,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,64084,128],{"class":127},[62,64086,131],{"class":95},[62,64088,8276],{"class":430},[62,64090,131],{"class":95},[62,64092,1121],{"class":139},[62,64094,409],{"class":95},[62,64096,386],{"class":139},[62,64098,6485],{"class":95},[14,64100,2282],{},[53,64102,64104],{"className":55,"code":64103,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,64105,64106],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64107,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64109,948],{"class":95},[62,64111,3503],{"class":76},[62,64113,1061],{"class":80},[62,64115,3503],{"class":76},[62,64117,103],{"class":95},[62,64119,3498],{"class":76},[62,64121,1098],{"class":80},[62,64123,3503],{"class":76},[62,64125,114],{"class":95},[1256,64127,64129],{"id":64128},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[53,64131,64133],{"className":55,"code":64132,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,64134,64135,64175],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64136,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64138,1040],{"class":68},[62,64140,73],{"class":72},[62,64142,256],{"class":95},[62,64144,259],{"class":76},[62,64146,329],{"class":80},[62,64148,259],{"class":76},[62,64150,267],{"class":95},[62,64152,77],{"class":76},[62,64154,1061],{"class":80},[62,64156,259],{"class":76},[62,64158,103],{"class":95},[62,64160,77],{"class":76},[62,64162,1089],{"class":80},[62,64164,259],{"class":76},[62,64166,267],{"class":95},[62,64168,77],{"class":76},[62,64170,1098],{"class":80},[62,64172,259],{"class":76},[62,64174,287],{"class":95},[62,64176,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,64178,128],{"class":127},[62,64180,131],{"class":95},[62,64182,8276],{"class":430},[62,64184,131],{"class":95},[62,64186,1121],{"class":139},[62,64188,409],{"class":95},[62,64190,161],{"class":139},[62,64192,6485],{"class":95},[14,64194,2282],{},[53,64196,64198],{"className":55,"code":64197,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,64199,64200],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64201,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64203,21902],{"class":95},[62,64205,3503],{"class":76},[62,64207,329],{"class":80},[62,64209,3503],{"class":76},[62,64211,103],{"class":95},[62,64213,3498],{"class":76},[62,64215,1061],{"class":80},[62,64217,3503],{"class":76},[62,64219,9408],{"class":95},[62,64221,854],{"class":95},[62,64223,3503],{"class":76},[62,64225,1089],{"class":80},[62,64227,3503],{"class":76},[62,64229,103],{"class":95},[62,64231,3498],{"class":76},[62,64233,1098],{"class":80},[62,64235,3503],{"class":76},[62,64237,9423],{"class":95},[14,64239,64240],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[48,64242,64244],{"id":64243},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64246,169,64247,10772],{},[18,64248,24941],{},[29,64250,64251,64259,64268],{},[32,64252,64253,64254,2022,64256],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,64255,52596],{},[18,64257,64258],{},"sort()",[32,64260,64261,64262,2022,64264,64267],{},"you want to convert ",[18,64263,36359],{},[18,64265,64266],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[32,64269,64270],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64272,46192,64273,267],{},[18,64274,64266],{},[53,64276,64278],{"className":55,"code":64277,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,64279,64280,64304,64320,64324,64347],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64281,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64283,5194],{"class":68},[62,64285,73],{"class":72},[62,64287,96],{"class":95},[62,64289,259],{"class":76},[62,64291,1896],{"class":80},[62,64293,259],{"class":76},[62,64295,103],{"class":95},[62,64297,77],{"class":76},[62,64299,36103],{"class":80},[62,64301,259],{"class":76},[62,64303,114],{"class":95},[62,64305,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,64307,969],{"class":68},[62,64309,73],{"class":72},[62,64311,96],{"class":95},[62,64313,13669],{"class":99},[62,64315,103],{"class":95},[62,64317,13674],{"class":99},[62,64319,114],{"class":95},[62,64321,64322],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,64323,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,64325,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,64327,9390],{"class":68},[62,64329,73],{"class":72},[62,64331,1733],{"class":430},[62,64333,131],{"class":95},[62,64335,64336],{"class":127},"zip",[62,64338,131],{"class":95},[62,64340,5237],{"class":139},[62,64342,103],{"class":95},[62,64344,5308],{"class":139},[62,64346,1013],{"class":95},[62,64348,64349,64351,64353,64355],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,64350,128],{"class":127},[62,64352,131],{"class":95},[62,64354,9436],{"class":139},[62,64356,434],{"class":95},[14,64358,2282],{},[53,64360,64362],{"className":55,"code":64361,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,64363,64364],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64365,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64367,21902],{"class":95},[62,64369,3503],{"class":76},[62,64371,1896],{"class":80},[62,64373,3503],{"class":76},[62,64375,103],{"class":95},[62,64377,20061],{"class":99},[62,64379,9408],{"class":95},[62,64381,854],{"class":95},[62,64383,3503],{"class":76},[62,64385,36103],{"class":80},[62,64387,3503],{"class":76},[62,64389,103],{"class":95},[62,64391,13674],{"class":99},[62,64393,9423],{"class":95},[14,64395,64396,64397,64399,64400,409],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,64398,52596],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[262,64401,52993],{"href":52992},[48,64403,4718],{"id":4717},[14,64405,56720,64406,409],{},[18,64407,24941],{},[1256,64409,64411],{"id":64410},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64413,4725],{},[53,64415,64417],{"className":55,"code":64416,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,64418,64419,64423],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64420,64421],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64422,4735],{"class":146},[62,64424,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,64426,8276],{"class":430},[62,64428,131],{"class":95},[62,64430,499],{"class":99},[62,64432,103],{"class":95},[62,64434,284],{"class":99},[62,64436,103],{"class":95},[62,64438,508],{"class":99},[62,64440,434],{"class":95},[14,64442,64443,64445],{},[18,64444,24941],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64447,18858],{},[53,64449,64451],{"className":55,"code":64450,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,64452,64453],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64454,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64456,128],{"class":127},[62,64458,131],{"class":95},[62,64460,8276],{"class":430},[62,64462,524],{"class":95},[62,64464,499],{"class":99},[62,64466,103],{"class":95},[62,64468,284],{"class":99},[62,64470,103],{"class":95},[62,64472,508],{"class":99},[62,64474,3115],{"class":95},[1256,64476,64478,64479],{"id":64477},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[62,64480,64481],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64483,64484],{},"This is a common surprise:",[53,64486,64488],{"className":55,"code":64487,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,64489,64490],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64491,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64493,128],{"class":127},[62,64495,131],{"class":95},[62,64497,8276],{"class":430},[62,64499,131],{"class":95},[62,64501,259],{"class":76},[62,64503,81],{"class":80},[62,64505,259],{"class":76},[62,64507,1013],{"class":95},[14,64509,2282],{},[53,64511,64513],{"className":55,"code":64512,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,64514,64515],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64516,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64518,948],{"class":95},[62,64520,3503],{"class":76},[62,64522,60384],{"class":80},[62,64524,3503],{"class":76},[62,64526,103],{"class":95},[62,64528,3498],{"class":76},[62,64530,60393],{"class":80},[62,64532,3503],{"class":76},[62,64534,103],{"class":95},[62,64536,3498],{"class":76},[62,64538,60402],{"class":80},[62,64540,3503],{"class":76},[62,64542,103],{"class":95},[62,64544,3498],{"class":76},[62,64546,60402],{"class":80},[62,64548,3503],{"class":76},[62,64550,103],{"class":95},[62,64552,3498],{"class":76},[62,64554,60419],{"class":80},[62,64556,3503],{"class":76},[62,64558,114],{"class":95},[14,64560,64561],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64563,64564],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[53,64566,64568],{"className":55,"code":64567,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,64569,64570],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64571,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64573,128],{"class":127},[62,64575,496],{"class":95},[62,64577,259],{"class":76},[62,64579,81],{"class":80},[62,64581,259],{"class":76},[62,64583,4088],{"class":95},[1256,64585,64587],{"id":64586},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64589,64590],{},"This:",[53,64592,64594],{"className":55,"code":64593,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,64595,64596,64628],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64597,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64599,251],{"class":68},[62,64601,73],{"class":72},[62,64603,256],{"class":95},[62,64605,259],{"class":76},[62,64607,262],{"class":80},[62,64609,259],{"class":76},[62,64611,267],{"class":95},[62,64613,270],{"class":99},[62,64615,103],{"class":95},[62,64617,77],{"class":76},[62,64619,277],{"class":80},[62,64621,259],{"class":76},[62,64623,267],{"class":95},[62,64625,284],{"class":99},[62,64627,287],{"class":95},[62,64629,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,64631,128],{"class":127},[62,64633,131],{"class":95},[62,64635,8276],{"class":430},[62,64637,131],{"class":95},[62,64639,367],{"class":139},[62,64641,1013],{"class":95},[14,64643,64644],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64646,169,64647,64650],{},[18,64648,64649],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1256,64652,64654],{"id":64653},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64656,64657,64659],{},[18,64658,24941],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64661,64662],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[48,64664,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,64666,5378,64668,64670],{"id":64667},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[62,64669],{}," and list()?",[14,64672,64673,64674,64676,64677,64679],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,64675,3990],{}," is shorter. ",[18,64678,24941],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1256,64681,64683],{"id":64682},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64685,64686,64687,64689],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,64688,24941],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1256,64691,64693],{"id":64692},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64695,64696],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1256,64698,64700],{"id":64699},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64702,64703],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1256,64705,64707],{"id":64706},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64709,64710,64711,64713],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,64712,24941],{}," cannot loop through it.",[48,64715,2109],{"id":2108},[29,64717,64718,64722,64727,64731,64735,64739,64743,64748],{},[32,64719,64720],{},[262,64721,52715],{"href":402},[32,64723,64724],{},[262,64725,64726],{"href":36356},"Python range() function explained",[32,64728,64729],{},[262,64730,63164],{"href":63163},[32,64732,64733],{},[262,64734,63496],{"href":63495},[32,64736,64737],{},[262,64738,5415],{"href":5782},[32,64740,64741],{},[262,64742,13957],{"href":13956},[32,64744,64745],{},[262,64746,64747],{"href":2137},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[32,64749,64750],{},[262,64751,54222],{"href":52992},[2145,64753,64754],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":64756},[64757,64758,64759,64760,64761,64768,64769,64770,64775,64776,64783,64791],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":62866,"depth":87,"text":62867},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":59565,"depth":87,"text":59566},{"id":63094,"depth":87,"text":63095,"children":64762},[64763,64764,64765,64766,64767],{"id":63098,"depth":117,"text":63099},{"id":63167,"depth":117,"text":63168},{"id":63245,"depth":117,"text":63246},{"id":63320,"depth":117,"text":63321},{"id":63387,"depth":117,"text":63388},{"id":63499,"depth":87,"text":63500},{"id":63635,"depth":87,"text":63636},{"id":63935,"depth":87,"text":63936,"children":64771},[64772,64773,64774],{"id":63944,"depth":117,"text":63945},{"id":64034,"depth":117,"text":64035},{"id":64128,"depth":117,"text":64129},{"id":64243,"depth":87,"text":64244},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":64777},[64778,64779,64781,64782],{"id":64410,"depth":117,"text":64411},{"id":64477,"depth":117,"text":64780},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64586,"depth":117,"text":64587},{"id":64653,"depth":117,"text":64654},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":64784},[64785,64787,64788,64789,64790],{"id":64667,"depth":117,"text":64786},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64682,"depth":117,"text":64683},{"id":64692,"depth":117,"text":64693},{"id":64699,"depth":117,"text":64700},{"id":64706,"depth":117,"text":64707},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62700,"description":64792},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64799,"title":64800,"body":64801,"description":66152,"extension":2174,"meta":66153,"navigation":120,"path":66154,"seo":66155,"stem":66156,"__hash__":66157},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64802,"toc":66126},[64803,64808,64814,64823,64825,64898,64907,64912,64916,64932,64936,64938,64940,64959,64962,64990,64993,65018,65026,65028,65033,65040,65042,65099,65101,65109,65115,65119,65122,65195,65197,65205,65208,65231,65238,65244,65248,65254,65325,65327,65335,65344,65351,65358,65366,65510,65512,65529,65532,65571,65574,65578,65583,65585,65644,65650,65653,65760,65762,65777,65780,65787,65789,65793,65941,65944,66005,66008,66011,66032,66037,66041,66052,66055,66057,66062,66065,66073,66078,66084,66087,66093,66101,66103,66123],[10,64804,54286,64806,11494],{"id":64805},"python-list-index-method",[18,64807,58913],{},[14,64809,64810,64813],{},[18,64811,64812],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64815,64816,64817,64820,64821,409],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3946,64818,64819],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64822,40857],{},[48,64824,3813],{"id":3812},[53,64826,64828],{"className":55,"code":64827,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64829,64830,64862,64885],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64831,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64833,90],{"class":68},[62,64835,73],{"class":72},[62,64837,96],{"class":95},[62,64839,259],{"class":76},[62,64841,901],{"class":80},[62,64843,259],{"class":76},[62,64845,103],{"class":95},[62,64847,77],{"class":76},[62,64849,910],{"class":80},[62,64851,259],{"class":76},[62,64853,103],{"class":95},[62,64855,77],{"class":76},[62,64857,4295],{"class":80},[62,64859,259],{"class":76},[62,64861,114],{"class":95},[62,64863,64864,64867,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881,64883],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,64865,64866],{"class":68},"position ",[62,64868,73],{"class":72},[62,64870,6162],{"class":68},[62,64872,409],{"class":95},[62,64874,36008],{"class":139},[62,64876,131],{"class":95},[62,64878,259],{"class":76},[62,64880,910],{"class":80},[62,64882,259],{"class":76},[62,64884,434],{"class":95},[62,64886,64887,64889,64891,64894,64896],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,64888,128],{"class":127},[62,64890,131],{"class":95},[62,64892,64893],{"class":139},"position",[62,64895,741],{"class":95},[62,64897,27940],{"class":146},[14,64899,169,64900,64903,64904,64906],{},[18,64901,64902],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,64905,40857],{}," if the item is not found.",[48,64908,3879,64910,3882],{"id":64909},"what-listindex-does",[18,64911,64812],{},[14,64913,64914,267],{},[18,64915,64812],{},[29,64917,64918,64921,64924,64929],{},[32,64919,64920],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[32,64922,64923],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[32,64925,64926,64927],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,64928,665],{},[32,64930,64931],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64933,54511,64934,409],{},[262,64935,52715],{"href":54514},[48,64937,413],{"id":412},[14,64939,30887],{},[53,64941,64943],{"className":55,"code":64942,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,64944,64945],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64946,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64948,2069],{"class":68},[62,64950,409],{"class":95},[62,64952,36008],{"class":139},[62,64954,131],{"class":95},[62,64956,1632],{"class":139},[62,64958,434],{"class":95},[14,64960,64961],{},"You can also limit the search:",[53,64963,64965],{"className":55,"code":64964,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,64966,64967],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,64968,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979,64981,64983,64985,64988],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,64970,2069],{"class":68},[62,64972,409],{"class":95},[62,64974,36008],{"class":139},[62,64976,131],{"class":95},[62,64978,1632],{"class":139},[62,64980,103],{"class":95},[62,64982,36214],{"class":139},[62,64984,103],{"class":95},[62,64986,64987],{"class":139}," end",[62,64989,434],{"class":95},[14,64991,64992],{},"Here is what each part means:",[29,64994,64995,65000,65005,65010],{},[32,64996,64997,64999],{},[18,64998,1632],{},": the item to search for",[32,65001,65002,65004],{},[18,65003,36235],{},": where the search begins",[32,65006,65007,65009],{},[18,65008,52604],{},": where the search stops",[32,65011,65012,4982,65014,65017],{},[18,65013,52604],{},[3946,65015,65016],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65019,65020,65021,65023,65024,409],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,65022,36235],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,65025,52604],{},[48,65027,38176],{"id":38175},[14,65029,65030,65032],{},[18,65031,64812],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65034,65035,65036,65039],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3946,65037,65038],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65041,201],{},[53,65043,65045],{"className":55,"code":65044,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,65046,65047,65067,65085,65089],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65048,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65050,225],{"class":68},[62,65052,73],{"class":72},[62,65054,96],{"class":95},[62,65056,100],{"class":99},[62,65058,103],{"class":95},[62,65060,106],{"class":99},[62,65062,103],{"class":95},[62,65064,111],{"class":99},[62,65066,114],{"class":95},[62,65068,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65070,2435],{"class":68},[62,65072,73],{"class":72},[62,65074,4462],{"class":68},[62,65076,409],{"class":95},[62,65078,36008],{"class":139},[62,65080,131],{"class":95},[62,65082,15921],{"class":99},[62,65084,434],{"class":95},[62,65086,65087],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,65088,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,65090,65091,65093,65095,65097],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,65092,128],{"class":127},[62,65094,131],{"class":95},[62,65096,2470],{"class":139},[62,65098,434],{"class":95},[14,65100,2282],{},[53,65102,65103],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,65104,65105],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65106,65107],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65108,47069],{"class":99},[14,65110,65111,65112,65114],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,65113,58913],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[48,65116,65118],{"id":65117},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65120,65121],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[53,65123,65125],{"className":55,"code":65124,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,65126,65127,65159,65181,65185],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65128,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65130,36400],{"class":68},[62,65132,73],{"class":72},[62,65134,96],{"class":95},[62,65136,259],{"class":76},[62,65138,901],{"class":80},[62,65140,259],{"class":76},[62,65142,103],{"class":95},[62,65144,77],{"class":76},[62,65146,910],{"class":80},[62,65148,259],{"class":76},[62,65150,103],{"class":95},[62,65152,77],{"class":76},[62,65154,4295],{"class":80},[62,65156,259],{"class":76},[62,65158,114],{"class":95},[62,65160,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65162,64866],{"class":68},[62,65164,73],{"class":72},[62,65166,52795],{"class":68},[62,65168,409],{"class":95},[62,65170,36008],{"class":139},[62,65172,131],{"class":95},[62,65174,259],{"class":76},[62,65176,4295],{"class":80},[62,65178,259],{"class":76},[62,65180,434],{"class":95},[62,65182,65183],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,65184,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,65186,65187,65189,65191,65193],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,65188,128],{"class":127},[62,65190,131],{"class":95},[62,65192,64893],{"class":139},[62,65194,434],{"class":95},[14,65196,2282],{},[53,65198,65199],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,65200,65201],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65202,65203],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65204,17223],{"class":99},[14,65206,65207],{},"In this list:",[29,65209,65210,65217,65224],{},[32,65211,65212,65214,65215],{},[18,65213,57778],{}," is at index ",[18,65216,665],{},[32,65218,65219,65214,65222],{},[18,65220,65221],{},"\"banana\"",[18,65223,499],{},[32,65225,65226,65214,65229],{},[18,65227,65228],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65230,1935],{},[14,65232,53597,65233,2602,65236,409],{},[18,65234,65235],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65237,1935],{},[14,65239,1016,65240,409],{},[262,65241,65243],{"href":65242},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[48,65245,65247],{"id":65246},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65249,65250,65251,65253],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65252,58913],{}," returns the first match only.",[53,65255,65257],{"className":55,"code":65256,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65258,65259,65299,65303],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65260,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65262,788],{"class":68},[62,65264,73],{"class":72},[62,65266,96],{"class":95},[62,65268,259],{"class":76},[62,65270,797],{"class":80},[62,65272,259],{"class":76},[62,65274,103],{"class":95},[62,65276,77],{"class":76},[62,65278,815],{"class":80},[62,65280,259],{"class":76},[62,65282,103],{"class":95},[62,65284,77],{"class":76},[62,65286,797],{"class":80},[62,65288,259],{"class":76},[62,65290,103],{"class":95},[62,65292,77],{"class":76},[62,65294,806],{"class":80},[62,65296,259],{"class":76},[62,65298,114],{"class":95},[62,65300,65301],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65302,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,65304,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,65306,128],{"class":127},[62,65308,131],{"class":95},[62,65310,832],{"class":139},[62,65312,409],{"class":95},[62,65314,36008],{"class":139},[62,65316,131],{"class":95},[62,65318,259],{"class":76},[62,65320,797],{"class":80},[62,65322,259],{"class":76},[62,65324,1013],{"class":95},[14,65326,2282],{},[53,65328,65329],{"className":55,"code":47404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,65330,65331],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65332,65333],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65334,47404],{"class":99},[14,65336,21140,65337,65340,65341,65343],{},[18,65338,65339],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,65342,665],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65345,65346,65347,409],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[262,65348,55464,65349,10912],{"href":58972},[18,65350,57235],{},[48,65352,1834,65354,1940,65356],{"id":65353},"using-start-and-end",[18,65355,36235],{},[18,65357,52604],{},[14,65359,65360,65361,1940,65363,65365],{},"The optional ",[18,65362,36235],{},[18,65364,52604],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[53,65367,65369],{"className":55,"code":65368,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,65370,65371,65419,65423,65448,65477],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65372,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65374,36253],{"class":68},[62,65376,73],{"class":72},[62,65378,96],{"class":95},[62,65380,259],{"class":76},[62,65382,262],{"class":80},[62,65384,259],{"class":76},[62,65386,103],{"class":95},[62,65388,77],{"class":76},[62,65390,277],{"class":80},[62,65392,259],{"class":76},[62,65394,103],{"class":95},[62,65396,77],{"class":76},[62,65398,9912],{"class":80},[62,65400,259],{"class":76},[62,65402,103],{"class":95},[62,65404,77],{"class":76},[62,65406,277],{"class":80},[62,65408,259],{"class":76},[62,65410,103],{"class":95},[62,65412,77],{"class":76},[62,65414,18931],{"class":80},[62,65416,259],{"class":76},[62,65418,114],{"class":95},[62,65420,65421],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65422,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,65424,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,65426,128],{"class":127},[62,65428,131],{"class":95},[62,65430,582],{"class":139},[62,65432,409],{"class":95},[62,65434,36008],{"class":139},[62,65436,131],{"class":95},[62,65438,259],{"class":76},[62,65440,277],{"class":80},[62,65442,259],{"class":76},[62,65444,143],{"class":95},[62,65446,65447],{"class":146},"        # first match\n",[62,65449,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,65451,128],{"class":127},[62,65453,131],{"class":95},[62,65455,582],{"class":139},[62,65457,409],{"class":95},[62,65459,36008],{"class":139},[62,65461,131],{"class":95},[62,65463,259],{"class":76},[62,65465,277],{"class":80},[62,65467,259],{"class":76},[62,65469,103],{"class":95},[62,65471,284],{"class":99},[62,65473,143],{"class":95},[62,65475,65476],{"class":146},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[62,65478,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,65480,128],{"class":127},[62,65482,131],{"class":95},[62,65484,582],{"class":139},[62,65486,409],{"class":95},[62,65488,36008],{"class":139},[62,65490,131],{"class":95},[62,65492,259],{"class":76},[62,65494,277],{"class":80},[62,65496,259],{"class":76},[62,65498,103],{"class":95},[62,65500,270],{"class":99},[62,65502,103],{"class":95},[62,65504,2661],{"class":99},[62,65506,143],{"class":95},[62,65508,65509],{"class":146},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65511,2282],{},[53,65513,65515],{"className":55,"code":65514,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65516,65517,65521,65525],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65518,65519],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65520,47069],{"class":99},[62,65522,65523],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65524,46769],{"class":99},[62,65526,65527],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,65528,47069],{"class":99},[14,65530,65531],{},"How this works:",[29,65533,65534,65546,65559],{},[32,65535,65536,65539,65540,65543,65544],{},[18,65537,65538],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65541,65542],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65545,499],{},[32,65547,65548,65551,65552,65554,65555,65543,65557],{},[18,65549,65550],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65553,1935],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65556,65542],{},[18,65558,2273],{},[32,65560,65561,65564,65565,399,65567,404,65569],{},[18,65562,65563],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65566,499],{},[18,65568,1935],{},[18,65570,2273],{},[14,65572,65573],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[48,65575,65577],{"id":65576},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65579,65580,65581,409],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65582,40857],{},[14,65584,201],{},[53,65586,65588],{"className":55,"code":65587,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65589,65590,65622],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65591,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65593,90],{"class":68},[62,65595,73],{"class":72},[62,65597,96],{"class":95},[62,65599,259],{"class":76},[62,65601,901],{"class":80},[62,65603,259],{"class":76},[62,65605,103],{"class":95},[62,65607,77],{"class":76},[62,65609,910],{"class":80},[62,65611,259],{"class":76},[62,65613,103],{"class":95},[62,65615,77],{"class":76},[62,65617,4295],{"class":80},[62,65619,259],{"class":76},[62,65621,114],{"class":95},[62,65623,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65625,128],{"class":127},[62,65627,131],{"class":95},[62,65629,161],{"class":139},[62,65631,409],{"class":95},[62,65633,36008],{"class":139},[62,65635,131],{"class":95},[62,65637,259],{"class":76},[62,65639,33383],{"class":80},[62,65641,259],{"class":76},[62,65643,1013],{"class":95},[14,65645,39807,65646,65649],{},[18,65647,65648],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65651,65652],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[53,65654,65656],{"className":55,"code":65655,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65657,65658,65690,65703,65707,65720,65739,65745],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65659,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65661,90],{"class":68},[62,65663,73],{"class":72},[62,65665,96],{"class":95},[62,65667,259],{"class":76},[62,65669,901],{"class":80},[62,65671,259],{"class":76},[62,65673,103],{"class":95},[62,65675,77],{"class":76},[62,65677,910],{"class":80},[62,65679,259],{"class":76},[62,65681,103],{"class":95},[62,65683,77],{"class":76},[62,65685,4295],{"class":80},[62,65687,259],{"class":76},[62,65689,114],{"class":95},[62,65691,65692,65695,65697,65699,65701],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65693,65694],{"class":68},"search_value ",[62,65696,73],{"class":72},[62,65698,77],{"class":76},[62,65700,33383],{"class":80},[62,65702,84],{"class":76},[62,65704,65705],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,65706,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,65708,65709,65711,65714,65716,65718],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,65710,730],{"class":729},[62,65712,65713],{"class":68}," search_value ",[62,65715,4082],{"class":72},[62,65717,6162],{"class":68},[62,65719,749],{"class":95},[62,65721,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65737],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,65723,754],{"class":127},[62,65725,131],{"class":95},[62,65727,161],{"class":139},[62,65729,409],{"class":95},[62,65731,36008],{"class":139},[62,65733,131],{"class":95},[62,65735,65736],{"class":139},"search_value",[62,65738,1013],{"class":95},[62,65740,65741,65743],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,65742,1431],{"class":729},[62,65744,749],{"class":95},[62,65746,65747,65749,65751,65753,65756,65758],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,65748,754],{"class":127},[62,65750,131],{"class":95},[62,65752,259],{"class":76},[62,65754,65755],{"class":80},"Item not found",[62,65757,259],{"class":76},[62,65759,434],{"class":95},[14,65761,2282],{},[53,65763,65765],{"className":55,"code":65764,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Item not found\n",[18,65766,65767],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65768,65769,65772,65774],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65770,65771],{"class":68},"Item ",[62,65773,4830],{"class":72},[62,65775,65776],{"class":68}," found\n",[14,65778,65779],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65781,65782,65783,409],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[262,65784,65786],{"href":65785},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[48,65788,4718],{"id":4717},[14,65790,21374,65791,267],{},[18,65792,64812],{},[29,65794,65795,65813,65825,65885],{},[32,65796,25935,65797,2602,65799,65802,65803,65805,65806,5359,65808,65810,65811,409],{},[18,65798,58913],{},[18,65800,65801],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10018,65804],{},"\nPython does ",[3946,65807,4830],{},[18,65809,65801],{},". It raises ",[18,65812,40857],{},[32,65814,65815,65816,65818,65821,65822,65824],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10018,65817],{},[18,65819,65820],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65823,65221],{},", not the value itself.",[32,65826,1834,65827,11264,65830,65832,65834,65835,16822,65837,65860,16810,65862],{},[18,65828,65829],{},"index[]",[18,65831,58913],{},[10018,65833],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10018,65836],{},[53,65838,65840],{"className":55,"code":65839,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65841,65842],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65843,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65845,161],{"class":68},[62,65847,409],{"class":95},[62,65849,36008],{"class":139},[62,65851,131],{"class":95},[62,65853,259],{"class":76},[62,65855,910],{"class":80},[62,65857,259],{"class":76},[62,65859,434],{"class":95},[10018,65861],{},[53,65863,65865],{"className":55,"code":65864,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,65866,65867],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65868,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65870,161],{"class":68},[62,65872,409],{"class":95},[62,65874,36008],{"class":24910},[62,65876,948],{"class":95},[62,65878,259],{"class":76},[62,65880,910],{"class":80},[62,65882,259],{"class":76},[62,65884,114],{"class":95},[32,65886,65887,65888,65890,1940,65893,65895,65896],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10018,65889],{},[18,65891,65892],{},"\"3\"",[18,65894,2273],{}," are different values in Python.",[53,65897,65899],{"className":55,"code":65898,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,65900,65901,65921],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65902,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65904,225],{"class":68},[62,65906,73],{"class":72},[62,65908,96],{"class":95},[62,65910,499],{"class":99},[62,65912,103],{"class":95},[62,65914,284],{"class":99},[62,65916,103],{"class":95},[62,65918,508],{"class":99},[62,65920,114],{"class":95},[62,65922,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935,65937,65939],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65924,128],{"class":127},[62,65926,131],{"class":95},[62,65928,259],{"class":76},[62,65930,2273],{"class":80},[62,65932,259],{"class":76},[62,65934,21336],{"class":729},[62,65936,4462],{"class":139},[62,65938,741],{"class":95},[62,65940,4970],{"class":146},[14,65942,65943],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[53,65945,65947],{"className":55,"code":65946,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,65948,65949,65959,65973,65987],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,65950,65951,65953,65955,65957],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,65952,128],{"class":127},[62,65954,131],{"class":95},[62,65956,2069],{"class":139},[62,65958,434],{"class":95},[62,65960,65961,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,65962,128],{"class":127},[62,65964,131],{"class":95},[62,65966,1690],{"class":430},[62,65968,131],{"class":95},[62,65970,65736],{"class":139},[62,65972,1013],{"class":95},[62,65974,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,65976,128],{"class":127},[62,65978,131],{"class":95},[62,65980,65694],{"class":139},[62,65982,4082],{"class":729},[62,65984,8575],{"class":139},[62,65986,434],{"class":95},[62,65988,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,65990,128],{"class":127},[62,65992,131],{"class":95},[62,65994,2069],{"class":139},[62,65996,409],{"class":95},[62,65998,36008],{"class":139},[62,66000,131],{"class":95},[62,66002,65736],{"class":139},[62,66004,1013],{"class":95},[14,66006,66007],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66009,66010],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[29,66012,66013,66016,66023,66029],{},[32,66014,66015],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[32,66017,66018,66019,11264,66021],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,66020,65892],{},[18,66022,2273],{},[32,66024,66025,66026,66028],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,66027,58913],{}," returns only the first one",[32,66030,66031],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[48,66033,5160,66035],{"id":66034},"when-to-use-index",[18,66036,58913],{},[14,66038,169,66039,10772],{},[18,66040,58913],{},[29,66042,66043,66046,66049],{},[32,66044,66045],{},"You need the position of a known value",[32,66047,66048],{},"You are working with a small list",[32,66050,66051],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66053,66054],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[48,66056,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,66058,5340,66060,5343],{"id":66059},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,66061,64812],{},[14,66063,66064],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1256,66066,12875,66068,5359,66070,66072],{"id":66067},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,66069,64812],{},[18,66071,65801],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66074,66075,66076,6822],{},"No. It raises ",[18,66077,40857],{},[1256,66079,5368,66081,66083],{"id":66080},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,66082,64812],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66085,66086],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1256,66088,66090,66091,632],{"id":66089},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,66092,58913],{},[14,66094,66095,66096,1940,66098,66100],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,66097,36235],{},[18,66099,52604],{}," arguments.",[48,66102,2109],{"id":2108},[29,66104,66105,66109,66113,66117],{},[32,66106,66107],{},[262,66108,58901],{"href":65242},[32,66110,66111],{},[262,66112,52715],{"href":54514},[32,66114,66115],{},[262,66116,65786],{"href":65785},[32,66118,66119],{},[262,66120,55464,66121,10912],{"href":58972},[18,66122,57235],{},[2145,66124,66125],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":66127},[66128,66129,66131,66132,66133,66134,66135,66137,66138,66139,66141,66151],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":64909,"depth":87,"text":66130},"What list.index() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":38175,"depth":87,"text":38176},{"id":65117,"depth":87,"text":65118},{"id":65246,"depth":87,"text":65247},{"id":65353,"depth":87,"text":66136},"Using start and end",{"id":65576,"depth":87,"text":65577},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718},{"id":66034,"depth":87,"text":66140},"When to use index()",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":66142},[66143,66145,66147,66149],{"id":66059,"depth":117,"text":66144},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66067,"depth":117,"text":66146},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66080,"depth":117,"text":66148},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66089,"depth":117,"text":66150},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64800,"description":66152},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66159,"title":66160,"body":66161,"description":68103,"extension":2174,"meta":68104,"navigation":120,"path":68105,"seo":68106,"stem":68107,"__hash__":68108},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66162,"toc":68063},[66163,66168,66173,66176,66185,66242,66248,66253,66257,66271,66277,66279,66302,66319,66321,66382,66384,66416,66429,66431,66434,66534,66536,66614,66620,66624,66632,66636,66642,66697,66699,66723,66727,66730,66783,66785,66809,66813,66816,66869,66871,66895,66899,66905,66976,66978,67019,67025,67032,67035,67040,67048,67053,67061,67063,67160,67162,67231,67238,67243,67245,67249,67254,67256,67327,67329,67358,67364,67366,67393,67396,67419,67423,67426,67448,67451,67474,67476,67536,67538,67570,67576,67581,67634,67636,67661,67664,67713,67715,67736,67740,67745,67748,67803,67805,67832,67839,67843,67848,67919,67922,67936,67941,67946,67948,67962,67974,67979,67981,67986,67991,67995,67998,68004,68010,68017,68025,68027,68060],[10,66164,54286,66166,11494],{"id":66165},"python-list-insert-method",[18,66167,54212],{},[14,66169,66170,66172],{},[18,66171,53855],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66174,66175],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66177,169,66178,66180,66181,409],{},[18,66179,54212],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[262,66182,55464,66183,10912],{"href":56713},[18,66184,52596],{},[53,66186,66188],{"className":55,"code":66187,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,66189,66190,66210,66228,66238],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66191,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66193,225],{"class":68},[62,66195,73],{"class":72},[62,66197,96],{"class":95},[62,66199,499],{"class":99},[62,66201,103],{"class":95},[62,66203,284],{"class":99},[62,66205,103],{"class":95},[62,66207,2661],{"class":99},[62,66209,114],{"class":95},[62,66211,66212,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,66213,348],{"class":68},[62,66215,409],{"class":95},[62,66217,53895],{"class":139},[62,66219,131],{"class":95},[62,66221,1935],{"class":99},[62,66223,103],{"class":95},[62,66225,508],{"class":99},[62,66227,434],{"class":95},[62,66229,66230,66232,66234,66236],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,66231,128],{"class":127},[62,66233,131],{"class":95},[62,66235,348],{"class":139},[62,66237,434],{"class":95},[62,66239,66240],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,66241,52667],{"class":146},[14,66243,169,66244,66247],{},[18,66245,66246],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[48,66249,3879,66251,3882],{"id":66250},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66252,53855],{},[14,66254,66255,267],{},[18,66256,53855],{},[29,66258,66259,66262,66265,66267],{},[32,66260,66261],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[32,66263,66264],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[32,66266,54372],{},[32,66268,11596,66269],{},[18,66270,1548],{},[14,66272,66273,66274,66276],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66275,54212],{}," does not create a new list.",[48,66278,5629],{"id":5628},[53,66280,66282],{"className":55,"code":66281,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66283,66284],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66285,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66287,2069],{"class":68},[62,66289,409],{"class":95},[62,66291,53895],{"class":139},[62,66293,131],{"class":95},[62,66295,36008],{"class":139},[62,66297,103],{"class":95},[62,66299,29668],{"class":139},[62,66301,434],{"class":95},[29,66303,66304,66309,66314],{},[32,66305,66306,66308],{},[18,66307,36008],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[32,66310,66311,66313],{},[18,66312,23470],{}," is the value to add",[32,66315,66316,66317],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66318,665],{},[14,66320,201],{},[53,66322,66324],{"className":55,"code":66323,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66325,66326,66350,66372],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66327,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66329,36253],{"class":68},[62,66331,73],{"class":72},[62,66333,96],{"class":95},[62,66335,259],{"class":76},[62,66337,262],{"class":80},[62,66339,259],{"class":76},[62,66341,103],{"class":95},[62,66343,77],{"class":76},[62,66345,9912],{"class":80},[62,66347,259],{"class":76},[62,66349,114],{"class":95},[62,66351,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,66353,582],{"class":68},[62,66355,409],{"class":95},[62,66357,53895],{"class":139},[62,66359,131],{"class":95},[62,66361,499],{"class":99},[62,66363,103],{"class":95},[62,66365,77],{"class":76},[62,66367,277],{"class":80},[62,66369,259],{"class":76},[62,66371,434],{"class":95},[62,66373,66374,66376,66378,66380],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,66375,128],{"class":127},[62,66377,131],{"class":95},[62,66379,582],{"class":139},[62,66381,434],{"class":95},[14,66383,2282],{},[53,66385,66386],{"className":55,"code":43026,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,66387,66388],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66389,66390,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66391,948],{"class":95},[62,66393,3503],{"class":76},[62,66395,262],{"class":80},[62,66397,3503],{"class":76},[62,66399,103],{"class":95},[62,66401,3498],{"class":76},[62,66403,277],{"class":80},[62,66405,3503],{"class":76},[62,66407,103],{"class":95},[62,66409,3498],{"class":76},[62,66411,9912],{"class":80},[62,66413,3503],{"class":76},[62,66415,114],{"class":95},[14,66417,20933,66418,66420,66421,66423,66424,1940,66426,409],{},[18,66419,65542],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,66422,499],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66425,18259],{},[18,66427,66428],{},"\"c\"",[48,66430,5983],{"id":5982},[14,66432,66433],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[53,66435,66437],{"className":55,"code":66436,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66438,66439,66471,66489,66493,66515],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66440,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66442,788],{"class":68},[62,66444,73],{"class":72},[62,66446,96],{"class":95},[62,66448,259],{"class":76},[62,66450,797],{"class":80},[62,66452,259],{"class":76},[62,66454,103],{"class":95},[62,66456,77],{"class":76},[62,66458,815],{"class":80},[62,66460,259],{"class":76},[62,66462,103],{"class":95},[62,66464,77],{"class":76},[62,66466,806],{"class":80},[62,66468,259],{"class":76},[62,66470,114],{"class":95},[62,66472,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,66474,128],{"class":127},[62,66476,131],{"class":95},[62,66478,259],{"class":76},[62,66480,11734],{"class":80},[62,66482,259],{"class":76},[62,66484,103],{"class":95},[62,66486,13291],{"class":139},[62,66488,434],{"class":95},[62,66490,66491],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,66492,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,66494,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,66496,832],{"class":68},[62,66498,409],{"class":95},[62,66500,53895],{"class":139},[62,66502,131],{"class":95},[62,66504,499],{"class":99},[62,66506,103],{"class":95},[62,66508,77],{"class":76},[62,66510,22685],{"class":80},[62,66512,259],{"class":76},[62,66514,434],{"class":95},[62,66516,66517,66519,66521,66523,66526,66528,66530,66532],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,66518,128],{"class":127},[62,66520,131],{"class":95},[62,66522,259],{"class":76},[62,66524,66525],{"class":80},"After: ",[62,66527,259],{"class":76},[62,66529,103],{"class":95},[62,66531,13291],{"class":139},[62,66533,434],{"class":95},[14,66535,2282],{},[53,66537,66539],{"className":55,"code":66538,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66540,66541,66573],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66542,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66544,11794],{"class":68},[62,66546,267],{"class":95},[62,66548,96],{"class":95},[62,66550,3503],{"class":76},[62,66552,797],{"class":80},[62,66554,3503],{"class":76},[62,66556,103],{"class":95},[62,66558,3498],{"class":76},[62,66560,815],{"class":80},[62,66562,3503],{"class":76},[62,66564,103],{"class":95},[62,66566,3498],{"class":76},[62,66568,806],{"class":80},[62,66570,3503],{"class":76},[62,66572,114],{"class":95},[62,66574,66575,66577,66579,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,66576,11847],{"class":68},[62,66578,267],{"class":95},[62,66580,66581],{"class":95},"  [",[62,66583,3503],{"class":76},[62,66585,797],{"class":80},[62,66587,3503],{"class":76},[62,66589,103],{"class":95},[62,66591,3498],{"class":76},[62,66593,22685],{"class":80},[62,66595,3503],{"class":76},[62,66597,103],{"class":95},[62,66599,3498],{"class":76},[62,66601,815],{"class":80},[62,66603,3503],{"class":76},[62,66605,103],{"class":95},[62,66607,3498],{"class":76},[62,66609,806],{"class":80},[62,66611,3503],{"class":76},[62,66613,114],{"class":95},[14,66615,66616,66617,66619],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66618,499],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[48,66621,66623],{"id":66622},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66625,2191,66626,35492,66628,66631],{},[18,66627,36008],{},[18,66629,66630],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1256,66633,66635],{"id":66634},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66637,66638,66639,66641],{},"Use index ",[18,66640,665],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[53,66643,66645],{"className":55,"code":66644,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66646,66647,66668,66687],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66648,66649,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66650,66651],{"class":68},"nums ",[62,66653,73],{"class":72},[62,66655,96],{"class":95},[62,66657,1935],{"class":99},[62,66659,103],{"class":95},[62,66661,508],{"class":99},[62,66663,103],{"class":95},[62,66665,2661],{"class":99},[62,66667,114],{"class":95},[62,66669,66670,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,66671,66672],{"class":68},"nums",[62,66674,409],{"class":95},[62,66676,53895],{"class":139},[62,66678,131],{"class":95},[62,66680,665],{"class":99},[62,66682,103],{"class":95},[62,66684,270],{"class":99},[62,66686,434],{"class":95},[62,66688,66689,66691,66693,66695],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,66690,128],{"class":127},[62,66692,131],{"class":95},[62,66694,66672],{"class":139},[62,66696,434],{"class":95},[14,66698,2282],{},[53,66700,66701],{"className":55,"code":53449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,66702,66703],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66704,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66706,948],{"class":95},[62,66708,499],{"class":99},[62,66710,103],{"class":95},[62,66712,284],{"class":99},[62,66714,103],{"class":95},[62,66716,508],{"class":99},[62,66718,103],{"class":95},[62,66720,2661],{"class":99},[62,66722,114],{"class":95},[1256,66724,66726],{"id":66725},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66728,66729],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[53,66731,66733],{"className":55,"code":66732,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66734,66735,66755,66773],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66736,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66738,66651],{"class":68},[62,66740,73],{"class":72},[62,66742,96],{"class":95},[62,66744,499],{"class":99},[62,66746,103],{"class":95},[62,66748,284],{"class":99},[62,66750,103],{"class":95},[62,66752,2661],{"class":99},[62,66754,114],{"class":95},[62,66756,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,66758,66672],{"class":68},[62,66760,409],{"class":95},[62,66762,53895],{"class":139},[62,66764,131],{"class":95},[62,66766,1935],{"class":99},[62,66768,103],{"class":95},[62,66770,508],{"class":99},[62,66772,434],{"class":95},[62,66774,66775,66777,66779,66781],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,66776,128],{"class":127},[62,66778,131],{"class":95},[62,66780,66672],{"class":139},[62,66782,434],{"class":95},[14,66784,2282],{},[53,66786,66787],{"className":55,"code":53449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,66788,66789],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66790,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66792,948],{"class":95},[62,66794,499],{"class":99},[62,66796,103],{"class":95},[62,66798,284],{"class":99},[62,66800,103],{"class":95},[62,66802,508],{"class":99},[62,66804,103],{"class":95},[62,66806,2661],{"class":99},[62,66808,114],{"class":95},[1256,66810,66812],{"id":66811},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66814,66815],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[53,66817,66819],{"className":55,"code":66818,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66820,66821,66841,66859],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66822,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66824,66651],{"class":68},[62,66826,73],{"class":72},[62,66828,96],{"class":95},[62,66830,499],{"class":99},[62,66832,103],{"class":95},[62,66834,284],{"class":99},[62,66836,103],{"class":95},[62,66838,508],{"class":99},[62,66840,114],{"class":95},[62,66842,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,66844,66672],{"class":68},[62,66846,409],{"class":95},[62,66848,53895],{"class":139},[62,66850,131],{"class":95},[62,66852,100],{"class":99},[62,66854,103],{"class":95},[62,66856,2661],{"class":99},[62,66858,434],{"class":95},[62,66860,66861,66863,66865,66867],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,66862,128],{"class":127},[62,66864,131],{"class":95},[62,66866,66672],{"class":139},[62,66868,434],{"class":95},[14,66870,2282],{},[53,66872,66873],{"className":55,"code":53449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,66874,66875],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66876,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66878,948],{"class":95},[62,66880,499],{"class":99},[62,66882,103],{"class":95},[62,66884,284],{"class":99},[62,66886,103],{"class":95},[62,66888,508],{"class":99},[62,66890,103],{"class":95},[62,66892,2661],{"class":99},[62,66894,114],{"class":95},[1256,66896,66898],{"id":66897},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66900,66901,66902,66904],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,66903,54212],{}," places the item before that position.",[53,66906,66908],{"className":55,"code":66907,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66909,66910,66942,66966],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66911,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66913,36253],{"class":68},[62,66915,73],{"class":72},[62,66917,96],{"class":95},[62,66919,259],{"class":76},[62,66921,262],{"class":80},[62,66923,259],{"class":76},[62,66925,103],{"class":95},[62,66927,77],{"class":76},[62,66929,277],{"class":80},[62,66931,259],{"class":76},[62,66933,103],{"class":95},[62,66935,77],{"class":76},[62,66937,18931],{"class":80},[62,66939,259],{"class":76},[62,66941,114],{"class":95},[62,66943,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,66945,582],{"class":68},[62,66947,409],{"class":95},[62,66949,53895],{"class":139},[62,66951,131],{"class":95},[62,66953,2233],{"class":72},[62,66955,499],{"class":99},[62,66957,103],{"class":95},[62,66959,77],{"class":76},[62,66961,9912],{"class":80},[62,66963,259],{"class":76},[62,66965,434],{"class":95},[62,66967,66968,66970,66972,66974],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,66969,128],{"class":127},[62,66971,131],{"class":95},[62,66973,582],{"class":139},[62,66975,434],{"class":95},[14,66977,2282],{},[53,66979,66981],{"className":55,"code":66980,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,66982,66983],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,66984,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,66986,948],{"class":95},[62,66988,3503],{"class":76},[62,66990,262],{"class":80},[62,66992,3503],{"class":76},[62,66994,103],{"class":95},[62,66996,3498],{"class":76},[62,66998,277],{"class":80},[62,67000,3503],{"class":76},[62,67002,103],{"class":95},[62,67004,3498],{"class":76},[62,67006,9912],{"class":80},[62,67008,3503],{"class":76},[62,67010,103],{"class":95},[62,67012,3498],{"class":76},[62,67014,18931],{"class":80},[62,67016,3503],{"class":76},[62,67018,114],{"class":95},[14,67020,67021,67022,2509],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[262,67023,67024],{"href":402},"Python lists beginner guide",[48,67026,67028,10756,67030],{"id":67027},"insert-vs-append",[18,67029,54212],{},[18,67031,52596],{},[14,67033,67034],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1256,67036,169,67038,10772],{"id":67037},"use-insert-when",[18,67039,54212],{},[29,67041,67042,67045],{},[32,67043,67044],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[32,67046,67047],{},"The order of the list matters",[1256,67049,169,67051,10772],{"id":67050},"use-append-when",[18,67052,52596],{},[29,67054,67055,67058],{},[32,67056,67057],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[32,67059,67060],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67062,201],{},[53,67064,67066],{"className":55,"code":67065,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,67067,67068,67092,67096,67118,67128,67132,67150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67069,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67071,90],{"class":68},[62,67073,73],{"class":72},[62,67075,96],{"class":95},[62,67077,259],{"class":76},[62,67079,901],{"class":80},[62,67081,259],{"class":76},[62,67083,103],{"class":95},[62,67085,77],{"class":76},[62,67087,33383],{"class":80},[62,67089,259],{"class":76},[62,67091,114],{"class":95},[62,67093,67094],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67095,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,67097,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,67099,161],{"class":68},[62,67101,409],{"class":95},[62,67103,53895],{"class":139},[62,67105,131],{"class":95},[62,67107,499],{"class":99},[62,67109,103],{"class":95},[62,67111,77],{"class":76},[62,67113,910],{"class":80},[62,67115,259],{"class":76},[62,67117,434],{"class":95},[62,67119,67120,67122,67124,67126],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,67121,128],{"class":127},[62,67123,131],{"class":95},[62,67125,161],{"class":139},[62,67127,434],{"class":95},[62,67129,67130],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,67131,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,67133,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,67135,161],{"class":68},[62,67137,409],{"class":95},[62,67139,13720],{"class":139},[62,67141,131],{"class":95},[62,67143,259],{"class":76},[62,67145,22694],{"class":80},[62,67147,259],{"class":76},[62,67149,434],{"class":95},[62,67151,67152,67154,67156,67158],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,67153,128],{"class":127},[62,67155,131],{"class":95},[62,67157,161],{"class":139},[62,67159,434],{"class":95},[14,67161,2282],{},[53,67163,67165],{"className":55,"code":67164,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,67166,67167,67195],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67168,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67170,948],{"class":95},[62,67172,3503],{"class":76},[62,67174,901],{"class":80},[62,67176,3503],{"class":76},[62,67178,103],{"class":95},[62,67180,3498],{"class":76},[62,67182,910],{"class":80},[62,67184,3503],{"class":76},[62,67186,103],{"class":95},[62,67188,3498],{"class":76},[62,67190,33383],{"class":80},[62,67192,3503],{"class":76},[62,67194,114],{"class":95},[62,67196,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67198,948],{"class":95},[62,67200,3503],{"class":76},[62,67202,901],{"class":80},[62,67204,3503],{"class":76},[62,67206,103],{"class":95},[62,67208,3498],{"class":76},[62,67210,910],{"class":80},[62,67212,3503],{"class":76},[62,67214,103],{"class":95},[62,67216,3498],{"class":76},[62,67218,33383],{"class":80},[62,67220,3503],{"class":76},[62,67222,103],{"class":95},[62,67224,3498],{"class":76},[62,67226,22694],{"class":80},[62,67228,3503],{"class":76},[62,67230,114],{"class":95},[14,67232,67233,67234,409],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[262,67235,55464,67236,10912],{"href":56713},[18,67237,52596],{},[14,67239,67240,67241,409],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[262,67242,52993],{"href":52992},[48,67244,4718],{"id":4717},[14,67246,14900,67247,409],{},[18,67248,54212],{},[1256,67250,12765,67252],{"id":67251},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67253,54212],{},[14,67255,25851],{},[53,67257,67259],{"className":55,"code":67258,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67260,67261,67281,67303,67307,67317],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67262,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67264,225],{"class":68},[62,67266,73],{"class":72},[62,67268,96],{"class":95},[62,67270,499],{"class":99},[62,67272,103],{"class":95},[62,67274,284],{"class":99},[62,67276,103],{"class":95},[62,67278,508],{"class":99},[62,67280,114],{"class":95},[62,67282,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67284,2435],{"class":68},[62,67286,73],{"class":72},[62,67288,4462],{"class":68},[62,67290,409],{"class":95},[62,67292,53895],{"class":139},[62,67294,131],{"class":95},[62,67296,499],{"class":99},[62,67298,103],{"class":95},[62,67300,10369],{"class":99},[62,67302,434],{"class":95},[62,67304,67305],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,67306,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,67308,67309,67311,67313,67315],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,67310,128],{"class":127},[62,67312,131],{"class":95},[62,67314,2470],{"class":139},[62,67316,434],{"class":95},[62,67318,67319,67321,67323,67325],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,67320,128],{"class":127},[62,67322,131],{"class":95},[62,67324,348],{"class":139},[62,67326,434],{"class":95},[14,67328,2282],{},[53,67330,67332],{"className":55,"code":67331,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67333,67334,67338],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67335,67336],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67337,11979],{"class":1618},[62,67339,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67341,948],{"class":95},[62,67343,499],{"class":99},[62,67345,103],{"class":95},[62,67347,10369],{"class":99},[62,67349,103],{"class":95},[62,67351,284],{"class":99},[62,67353,103],{"class":95},[62,67355,508],{"class":99},[62,67357,114],{"class":95},[14,67359,67360,54097,67362,409],{},[18,67361,54212],{},[18,67363,1548],{},[14,67365,16810],{},[53,67367,67369],{"className":55,"code":67368,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67370,67371],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67372,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67374,55834],{"class":68},[62,67376,73],{"class":72},[62,67378,4462],{"class":68},[62,67380,409],{"class":95},[62,67382,53895],{"class":139},[62,67384,131],{"class":95},[62,67386,499],{"class":99},[62,67388,103],{"class":95},[62,67390,10369],{"class":99},[62,67392,434],{"class":95},[14,67394,67395],{},"Right:",[53,67397,67399],{"className":55,"code":67398,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67400,67401],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67402,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67404,348],{"class":68},[62,67406,409],{"class":95},[62,67408,53895],{"class":139},[62,67410,131],{"class":95},[62,67412,499],{"class":99},[62,67414,103],{"class":95},[62,67416,10369],{"class":99},[62,67418,434],{"class":95},[1256,67420,67422],{"id":67421},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67424,67425],{},"The correct order is:",[53,67427,67428],{"className":55,"code":66281,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,67429,67430],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67431,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67433,2069],{"class":68},[62,67435,409],{"class":95},[62,67437,53895],{"class":139},[62,67439,131],{"class":95},[62,67441,36008],{"class":139},[62,67443,103],{"class":95},[62,67445,29668],{"class":139},[62,67447,434],{"class":95},[14,67449,67450],{},"Not:",[53,67452,67454],{"className":55,"code":67453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67455,67456],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67457,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67459,2069],{"class":68},[62,67461,409],{"class":95},[62,67463,53895],{"class":139},[62,67465,131],{"class":95},[62,67467,23470],{"class":139},[62,67469,103],{"class":95},[62,67471,35983],{"class":139},[62,67473,434],{"class":95},[14,67475,201],{},[53,67477,67478],{"className":55,"code":66323,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,67479,67480,67504,67526],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67481,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67483,36253],{"class":68},[62,67485,73],{"class":72},[62,67487,96],{"class":95},[62,67489,259],{"class":76},[62,67491,262],{"class":80},[62,67493,259],{"class":76},[62,67495,103],{"class":95},[62,67497,77],{"class":76},[62,67499,9912],{"class":80},[62,67501,259],{"class":76},[62,67503,114],{"class":95},[62,67505,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67507,582],{"class":68},[62,67509,409],{"class":95},[62,67511,53895],{"class":139},[62,67513,131],{"class":95},[62,67515,499],{"class":99},[62,67517,103],{"class":95},[62,67519,77],{"class":76},[62,67521,277],{"class":80},[62,67523,259],{"class":76},[62,67525,434],{"class":95},[62,67527,67528,67530,67532,67534],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,67529,128],{"class":127},[62,67531,131],{"class":95},[62,67533,582],{"class":139},[62,67535,434],{"class":95},[14,67537,2282],{},[53,67539,67540],{"className":55,"code":43026,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,67541,67542],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67543,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67545,948],{"class":95},[62,67547,3503],{"class":76},[62,67549,262],{"class":80},[62,67551,3503],{"class":76},[62,67553,103],{"class":95},[62,67555,3498],{"class":76},[62,67557,277],{"class":80},[62,67559,3503],{"class":76},[62,67561,103],{"class":95},[62,67563,3498],{"class":76},[62,67565,9912],{"class":80},[62,67567,3503],{"class":76},[62,67569,114],{"class":95},[1256,67571,8631,67573,67575],{"id":67572},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67574,54212],{}," to replace an item",[14,67577,67578,67580],{},[18,67579,54212],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[53,67582,67584],{"className":55,"code":67583,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67585,67586,67606,67624],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67587,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67589,225],{"class":68},[62,67591,73],{"class":72},[62,67593,96],{"class":95},[62,67595,499],{"class":99},[62,67597,103],{"class":95},[62,67599,284],{"class":99},[62,67601,103],{"class":95},[62,67603,508],{"class":99},[62,67605,114],{"class":95},[62,67607,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67609,348],{"class":68},[62,67611,409],{"class":95},[62,67613,53895],{"class":139},[62,67615,131],{"class":95},[62,67617,499],{"class":99},[62,67619,103],{"class":95},[62,67621,10369],{"class":99},[62,67623,434],{"class":95},[62,67625,67626,67628,67630,67632],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,67627,128],{"class":127},[62,67629,131],{"class":95},[62,67631,348],{"class":139},[62,67633,434],{"class":95},[14,67635,2282],{},[53,67637,67639],{"className":55,"code":67638,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67640,67641],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67642,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67644,948],{"class":95},[62,67646,499],{"class":99},[62,67648,103],{"class":95},[62,67650,10369],{"class":99},[62,67652,103],{"class":95},[62,67654,284],{"class":99},[62,67656,103],{"class":95},[62,67658,508],{"class":99},[62,67660,114],{"class":95},[14,67662,67663],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[53,67665,67667],{"className":55,"code":67666,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67668,67669,67689,67703],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67670,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67672,225],{"class":68},[62,67674,73],{"class":72},[62,67676,96],{"class":95},[62,67678,499],{"class":99},[62,67680,103],{"class":95},[62,67682,284],{"class":99},[62,67684,103],{"class":95},[62,67686,508],{"class":99},[62,67688,114],{"class":95},[62,67690,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67692,348],{"class":68},[62,67694,948],{"class":95},[62,67696,499],{"class":99},[62,67698,13440],{"class":95},[62,67700,13443],{"class":72},[62,67702,14297],{"class":99},[62,67704,67705,67707,67709,67711],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,67706,128],{"class":127},[62,67708,131],{"class":95},[62,67710,348],{"class":139},[62,67712,434],{"class":95},[14,67714,2282],{},[53,67716,67718],{"className":55,"code":67717,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67719,67720],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67721,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67723,948],{"class":95},[62,67725,499],{"class":99},[62,67727,103],{"class":95},[62,67729,10369],{"class":99},[62,67731,103],{"class":95},[62,67733,508],{"class":99},[62,67735,114],{"class":95},[1256,67737,67739],{"id":67738},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67741,67742,67744],{},[18,67743,54212],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67746,67747],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[53,67749,67751],{"className":55,"code":67750,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67752,67753,67769,67793],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67754,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67756,225],{"class":68},[62,67758,73],{"class":72},[62,67760,96],{"class":95},[62,67762,499],{"class":99},[62,67764,103],{"class":95},[62,67766,2661],{"class":99},[62,67768,114],{"class":95},[62,67770,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67772,348],{"class":68},[62,67774,409],{"class":95},[62,67776,53895],{"class":139},[62,67778,131],{"class":95},[62,67780,499],{"class":99},[62,67782,103],{"class":95},[62,67784,96],{"class":95},[62,67786,1935],{"class":99},[62,67788,103],{"class":95},[62,67790,508],{"class":99},[62,67792,4088],{"class":95},[62,67794,67795,67797,67799,67801],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,67796,128],{"class":127},[62,67798,131],{"class":95},[62,67800,348],{"class":139},[62,67802,434],{"class":95},[14,67804,2282],{},[53,67806,67808],{"className":55,"code":67807,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67809,67810],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67811,67812,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67813,948],{"class":95},[62,67815,499],{"class":99},[62,67817,103],{"class":95},[62,67819,96],{"class":95},[62,67821,1935],{"class":99},[62,67823,103],{"class":95},[62,67825,508],{"class":99},[62,67827,18225],{"class":95},[62,67829,2661],{"class":99},[62,67831,114],{"class":95},[14,67833,67834,67835,409],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[262,67836,55464,67837,10912],{"href":53288},[18,67838,53390],{},[1256,67840,67842],{"id":67841},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67844,9055,67845,67847],{},[18,67846,54212],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[53,67849,67851],{"className":55,"code":67850,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,67852,67853,67863,67877,67895,67909],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,67854,67855,67857,67859,67861],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,67856,128],{"class":127},[62,67858,131],{"class":95},[62,67860,2069],{"class":139},[62,67862,434],{"class":95},[62,67864,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,67866,128],{"class":127},[62,67868,131],{"class":95},[62,67870,134],{"class":127},[62,67872,131],{"class":95},[62,67874,2069],{"class":139},[62,67876,1013],{"class":95},[62,67878,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,67880,128],{"class":127},[62,67882,131],{"class":95},[62,67884,2069],{"class":139},[62,67886,409],{"class":95},[62,67888,53895],{"class":24910},[62,67890,409],{"class":95},[62,67892,34609],{"class":34616},[62,67894,434],{"class":95},[62,67896,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,67898,32314],{"class":127},[62,67900,131],{"class":95},[62,67902,8276],{"class":430},[62,67904,409],{"class":95},[62,67906,53895],{"class":24910},[62,67908,434],{"class":95},[62,67910,67911,67913,67915,67917],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,67912,1690],{"class":430},[62,67914,131],{"class":95},[62,67916,2069],{"class":139},[62,67918,434],{"class":95},[14,67920,67921],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[29,67923,67924,67927,67930,67933],{},[32,67925,67926],{},"What is currently in the list",[32,67928,67929],{},"How long the list is",[32,67931,67932],{},"That you are working with a real list",[32,67934,67935],{},"How Python describes the method",[48,67937,5160,67939],{"id":67938},"when-to-use-insert",[18,67940,54212],{},[14,67942,169,67943,67945],{},[18,67944,54212],{}," when position matters.",[14,67947,36587],{},[29,67949,67950,67953,67956,67959],{},[32,67951,67952],{},"Ordered menus",[32,67954,67955],{},"Rankings or score lists",[32,67957,67958],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[32,67960,67961],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67963,67964,67965,67967,67968,67970,67971,67973],{},"You usually do ",[3946,67966,4830],{}," need ",[18,67969,54212],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,67972,52596],{}," is simpler.",[14,67975,67976,67977,409],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[262,67978,57099],{"href":57098},[48,67980,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,67982,12875,67984,55413],{"id":67983},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,67985,53855],{},[14,67987,67988,67989,409],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,67990,1548],{},[1256,67992,67994],{"id":67993},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67996,67997],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1256,67999,5368,68001,68003],{"id":68000},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,68002,53855],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68005,68006,68007,68009],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,68008,53390],{}," or slicing.",[1256,68011,5378,68013,1940,68015,632],{"id":68012},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,68014,54212],{},[18,68016,52596],{},[14,68018,68019,68021,68022,68024],{},[18,68020,54212],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,68023,52596],{}," adds only at the end.",[48,68026,2109],{"id":2108},[29,68028,68029,68035,68041,68045,68049,68053],{},[32,68030,68031],{},[262,68032,55464,68033,10912],{"href":56713},[18,68034,52596],{},[32,68036,68037],{},[262,68038,55464,68039,10912],{"href":53288},[18,68040,53390],{},[32,68042,68043],{},[262,68044,54222],{"href":52992},[32,68046,68047],{},[262,68048,52715],{"href":402},[32,68050,68051],{},[262,68052,57173],{"href":57098},[32,68054,68055],{},[262,68056,30509,68057,33796],{"href":54240},[18,68058,68059],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2145,68061,68062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":68064},[68065,68067,68068,68069,68075,68082,68091,68093,68102],{"id":66250,"depth":87,"text":68066},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5628,"depth":87,"text":5629},{"id":5982,"depth":87,"text":5983},{"id":66622,"depth":87,"text":66623,"children":68070},[68071,68072,68073,68074],{"id":66634,"depth":117,"text":66635},{"id":66725,"depth":117,"text":66726},{"id":66811,"depth":117,"text":66812},{"id":66897,"depth":117,"text":66898},{"id":67027,"depth":87,"text":68076,"children":68077},"insert() vs append()",[68078,68080],{"id":67037,"depth":117,"text":68079},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67050,"depth":117,"text":68081},"Use append() when:",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":68083},[68084,68086,68087,68089,68090],{"id":67251,"depth":117,"text":68085},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67421,"depth":117,"text":67422},{"id":67572,"depth":117,"text":68088},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67738,"depth":117,"text":67739},{"id":67841,"depth":117,"text":67842},{"id":67938,"depth":87,"text":68092},"When to use insert()",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":68094},[68095,68097,68098,68100],{"id":67983,"depth":117,"text":68096},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67993,"depth":117,"text":67994},{"id":68000,"depth":117,"text":68099},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68012,"depth":117,"text":68101},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66160,"description":68103},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68110,"title":68111,"body":68112,"description":69667,"extension":2174,"meta":69668,"navigation":120,"path":58918,"seo":69669,"stem":69670,"__hash__":69671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68113,"toc":69640},[68114,68120,68129,68178,68180,68188,68194,68196,68214,68220,68225,68228,68231,68246,68248,68300,68302,68310,68318,68325,68327,68333,68398,68400,68408,68410,68429,68432,68483,68487,68492,68519,68521,68529,68532,68601,68603,68618,68624,68628,68637,68640,68695,68697,68705,68708,68710,68755,68757,68765,68771,68773,68781,68784,68786,68825,68827,68866,68871,68873,68875,68910,68913,68915,68953,68957,68963,68965,69016,69018,69026,69033,69036,69057,69060,69115,69126,69128,69189,69191,69200,69207,69213,69216,69219,69276,69279,69292,69299,69305,69311,69313,69326,69329,69426,69428,69445,69448,69530,69532,69554,69561,69567,69569,69573,69579,69585,69590,69594,69597,69603,69610,69612,69637],[10,68115,68117,68118,741],{"id":68116},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,68119,134],{},[14,68121,68122,68123,68125,68126,68128],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,68124,20],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,68127,20],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[53,68130,68132],{"className":55,"code":68131,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,68133,68134,68154,68168],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68135,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68137,225],{"class":68},[62,68139,73],{"class":72},[62,68141,96],{"class":95},[62,68143,100],{"class":99},[62,68145,103],{"class":95},[62,68147,106],{"class":99},[62,68149,103],{"class":95},[62,68151,111],{"class":99},[62,68153,114],{"class":95},[62,68155,68156,68158,68160,68162,68164,68166],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68157,41393],{"class":68},[62,68159,73],{"class":72},[62,68161,733],{"class":127},[62,68163,131],{"class":95},[62,68165,348],{"class":139},[62,68167,434],{"class":95},[62,68169,68170,68172,68174,68176],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,68171,128],{"class":127},[62,68173,131],{"class":95},[62,68175,41411],{"class":139},[62,68177,434],{"class":95},[14,68179,2282],{},[53,68181,68182],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,68183,68184],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68185,68186],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68187,46769],{"class":99},[14,68189,169,68190,68193],{},[18,68191,68192],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[48,68195,15330],{"id":15329},[29,68197,68198,68203,68208,68211],{},[32,68199,4397,68200,68202],{},[18,68201,20],{}," works with Python lists",[32,68204,68205,68206,11876],{},"What value ",[18,68207,20],{},[32,68209,68210],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[32,68212,68213],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[48,68215,3879,68217,68219],{"id":68216},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,68218,20],{}," returns for a list",[14,68221,68222,65032],{},[18,68223,68224],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68226,68227],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68229,68230],{},"A few important points:",[29,68232,68233,68236,68241],{},[32,68234,68235],{},"It counts list items",[32,68237,41059,68238,68240],{},[3946,68239,4830],{}," count characters inside a string item",[32,68242,68243,68244],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68245,665],{},[14,68247,201],{},[53,68249,68251],{"className":55,"code":68250,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68252,68253,68286],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68254,68255,68257,68259,68261,68263,68265,68267,68269,68271,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68256,4270],{"class":68},[62,68258,73],{"class":72},[62,68260,96],{"class":95},[62,68262,259],{"class":76},[62,68264,37209],{"class":80},[62,68266,259],{"class":76},[62,68268,103],{"class":95},[62,68270,77],{"class":76},[62,68272,68273],{"class":80},"elephant",[62,68275,259],{"class":76},[62,68277,103],{"class":95},[62,68279,77],{"class":76},[62,68281,58072],{"class":80},[62,68283,259],{"class":76},[62,68285,114],{"class":95},[62,68287,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68289,128],{"class":127},[62,68291,131],{"class":95},[62,68293,134],{"class":127},[62,68295,131],{"class":95},[62,68297,4312],{"class":139},[62,68299,1013],{"class":95},[14,68301,2282],{},[53,68303,68304],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,68305,68306],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68307,68308],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68309,46769],{"class":99},[14,68311,21140,68312,68315,68316,65039],{},[18,68313,68314],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3946,68317,52600],{},[14,68319,68320,68321,409],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[262,68322,3779,68323,3712],{"href":42510},[18,68324,20],{},[48,68326,5983],{"id":5982},[14,68328,68329,68330,68332],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,68331,20],{},", and print the result.",[53,68334,68336],{"className":55,"code":68335,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,68337,68338,68370,68384,68388],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68339,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68341,788],{"class":68},[62,68343,73],{"class":72},[62,68345,96],{"class":95},[62,68347,259],{"class":76},[62,68349,797],{"class":80},[62,68351,259],{"class":76},[62,68353,103],{"class":95},[62,68355,77],{"class":76},[62,68357,806],{"class":80},[62,68359,259],{"class":76},[62,68361,103],{"class":95},[62,68363,77],{"class":76},[62,68365,815],{"class":80},[62,68367,259],{"class":76},[62,68369,114],{"class":95},[62,68371,68372,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68373,41393],{"class":68},[62,68375,73],{"class":72},[62,68377,733],{"class":127},[62,68379,131],{"class":95},[62,68381,832],{"class":139},[62,68383,434],{"class":95},[62,68385,68386],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,68387,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,68389,68390,68392,68394,68396],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,68391,128],{"class":127},[62,68393,131],{"class":95},[62,68395,41411],{"class":139},[62,68397,434],{"class":95},[14,68399,2282],{},[53,68401,68402],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,68403,68404],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68405,68406],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68407,46769],{"class":99},[14,68409,11854],{},[29,68411,68412,68417,68424],{},[32,68413,68414,68416],{},[18,68415,832],{}," is a list with 3 items",[32,68418,68419,2602,68422],{},[18,68420,68421],{},"len(colors)",[18,68423,2273],{},[32,68425,68426,68427],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68428,41411],{},[14,68430,68431],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[53,68433,68435],{"className":55,"code":68434,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68436,68437,68469],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68438,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459,68461,68463,68465,68467],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68440,788],{"class":68},[62,68442,73],{"class":72},[62,68444,96],{"class":95},[62,68446,259],{"class":76},[62,68448,797],{"class":80},[62,68450,259],{"class":76},[62,68452,103],{"class":95},[62,68454,77],{"class":76},[62,68456,806],{"class":80},[62,68458,259],{"class":76},[62,68460,103],{"class":95},[62,68462,77],{"class":76},[62,68464,815],{"class":80},[62,68466,259],{"class":76},[62,68468,114],{"class":95},[62,68470,68471,68473,68475,68477,68479,68481],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68472,128],{"class":127},[62,68474,131],{"class":95},[62,68476,134],{"class":127},[62,68478,131],{"class":95},[62,68480,832],{"class":139},[62,68482,1013],{"class":95},[48,68484,68486],{"id":68485},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68488,68489,68490,409],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68491,665],{},[53,68493,68495],{"className":55,"code":68494,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68496,68497,68505],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68498,68499,68501,68503],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68500,90],{"class":68},[62,68502,73],{"class":72},[62,68504,1273],{"class":95},[62,68506,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68508,128],{"class":127},[62,68510,131],{"class":95},[62,68512,134],{"class":127},[62,68514,131],{"class":95},[62,68516,161],{"class":139},[62,68518,1013],{"class":95},[14,68520,2282],{},[53,68522,68523],{"className":55,"code":47404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,68524,68525],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68526,68527],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68528,47404],{"class":99},[14,68530,68531],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[53,68533,68535],{"className":55,"code":68534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68536,68537,68545,68549,68567,68581,68587],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68538,68539,68541,68543],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68540,90],{"class":68},[62,68542,73],{"class":72},[62,68544,1273],{"class":95},[62,68546,68547],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68548,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,68550,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,68552,730],{"class":729},[62,68554,733],{"class":127},[62,68556,131],{"class":95},[62,68558,161],{"class":139},[62,68560,741],{"class":95},[62,68562,933],{"class":72},[62,68564,1228],{"class":99},[62,68566,749],{"class":95},[62,68568,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,68570,754],{"class":127},[62,68572,131],{"class":95},[62,68574,161],{"class":139},[62,68576,948],{"class":95},[62,68578,665],{"class":99},[62,68580,4088],{"class":95},[62,68582,68583,68585],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,68584,1431],{"class":729},[62,68586,749],{"class":95},[62,68588,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,68590,754],{"class":127},[62,68592,131],{"class":95},[62,68594,259],{"class":76},[62,68596,1306],{"class":80},[62,68598,259],{"class":76},[62,68600,434],{"class":95},[14,68602,2282],{},[53,68604,68606],{"className":55,"code":68605,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"The list is empty\n",[18,68607,68608],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68609,68610,68612,68614,68616],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68611,2191],{"class":68},[62,68613,8276],{"class":430},[62,68615,8279],{"class":72},[62,68617,8284],{"class":68},[14,68619,68620,68621,68623],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[262,68622,52715],{"href":402}," is a good next step.",[48,68625,68627],{"id":68626},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68629,68630,68632,68633,68636],{},[18,68631,20],{}," counts only the ",[3946,68634,68635],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68638,68639],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[53,68641,68643],{"className":55,"code":68642,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68644,68645,68681],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68646,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68648,251],{"class":68},[62,68650,73],{"class":72},[62,68652,56238],{"class":95},[62,68654,499],{"class":99},[62,68656,103],{"class":95},[62,68658,284],{"class":99},[62,68660,18225],{"class":95},[62,68662,96],{"class":95},[62,68664,2273],{"class":99},[62,68666,103],{"class":95},[62,68668,2661],{"class":99},[62,68670,18225],{"class":95},[62,68672,96],{"class":95},[62,68674,299],{"class":99},[62,68676,103],{"class":95},[62,68678,304],{"class":99},[62,68680,53186],{"class":95},[62,68682,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68684,128],{"class":127},[62,68686,131],{"class":95},[62,68688,134],{"class":127},[62,68690,131],{"class":95},[62,68692,367],{"class":139},[62,68694,1013],{"class":95},[14,68696,2282],{},[53,68698,68699],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,68700,68701],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68702,68703],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68704,46769],{"class":99},[14,68706,68707],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68709,1578],{},[53,68711,68713],{"className":55,"code":68712,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68714,68715,68741],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68716,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68718,59418],{"class":68},[62,68720,73],{"class":72},[62,68722,96],{"class":95},[62,68724,499],{"class":99},[62,68726,103],{"class":95},[62,68728,96],{"class":95},[62,68730,1935],{"class":99},[62,68732,103],{"class":95},[62,68734,508],{"class":99},[62,68736,18225],{"class":95},[62,68738,2661],{"class":99},[62,68740,114],{"class":95},[62,68742,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68744,128],{"class":127},[62,68746,131],{"class":95},[62,68748,134],{"class":127},[62,68750,131],{"class":95},[62,68752,59471],{"class":139},[62,68754,1013],{"class":95},[14,68756,2282],{},[53,68758,68759],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,68760,68761],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68762,68763],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68764,46769],{"class":99},[14,68766,21140,68767,68770],{},[18,68768,68769],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[48,68772,4718],{"id":4717},[1256,68774,1834,68776,11264,68779],{"id":68775},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68777,68778],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68780,68224],{},[14,68782,68783],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68785,16810],{},[53,68787,68789],{"className":55,"code":68788,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68790,68791,68811],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68792,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68794,225],{"class":68},[62,68796,73],{"class":72},[62,68798,96],{"class":95},[62,68800,100],{"class":99},[62,68802,103],{"class":95},[62,68804,106],{"class":99},[62,68806,103],{"class":95},[62,68808,111],{"class":99},[62,68810,114],{"class":95},[62,68812,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68814,128],{"class":127},[62,68816,131],{"class":95},[62,68818,348],{"class":139},[62,68820,409],{"class":95},[62,68822,134],{"class":139},[62,68824,7385],{"class":95},[14,68826,16822],{},[53,68828,68830],{"className":55,"code":68829,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68831,68832,68852],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68833,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68835,225],{"class":68},[62,68837,73],{"class":72},[62,68839,96],{"class":95},[62,68841,100],{"class":99},[62,68843,103],{"class":95},[62,68845,106],{"class":99},[62,68847,103],{"class":95},[62,68849,111],{"class":99},[62,68851,114],{"class":95},[62,68853,68854,68856,68858,68860,68862,68864],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68855,128],{"class":127},[62,68857,131],{"class":95},[62,68859,134],{"class":127},[62,68861,131],{"class":95},[62,68863,348],{"class":139},[62,68865,1013],{"class":95},[14,68867,68868,68870],{},[18,68869,20],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1256,68872,25848],{"id":25847},[14,68874,16810],{},[53,68876,68878],{"className":55,"code":68877,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,68879,68880,68900],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68881,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68883,225],{"class":68},[62,68885,73],{"class":72},[62,68887,96],{"class":95},[62,68889,100],{"class":99},[62,68891,103],{"class":95},[62,68893,106],{"class":99},[62,68895,103],{"class":95},[62,68897,111],{"class":99},[62,68899,114],{"class":95},[62,68901,68902,68904,68906,68908],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68903,128],{"class":127},[62,68905,131],{"class":95},[62,68907,134],{"class":127},[62,68909,434],{"class":95},[14,68911,68912],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68914,16822],{},[53,68916,68917],{"className":55,"code":68829,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,68918,68919,68939],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68922,225],{"class":68},[62,68924,73],{"class":72},[62,68926,96],{"class":95},[62,68928,100],{"class":99},[62,68930,103],{"class":95},[62,68932,106],{"class":99},[62,68934,103],{"class":95},[62,68936,111],{"class":99},[62,68938,114],{"class":95},[62,68940,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,68942,128],{"class":127},[62,68944,131],{"class":95},[62,68946,134],{"class":127},[62,68948,131],{"class":95},[62,68950,348],{"class":139},[62,68952,1013],{"class":95},[1256,68954,68956],{"id":68955},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68958,68959,68960,68962],{},"The length of a list is ",[3946,68961,4830],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68964,201],{},[53,68966,68968],{"className":55,"code":68967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,68969,68970,69002],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,68971,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,68973,36253],{"class":68},[62,68975,73],{"class":72},[62,68977,96],{"class":95},[62,68979,259],{"class":76},[62,68981,262],{"class":80},[62,68983,259],{"class":76},[62,68985,103],{"class":95},[62,68987,77],{"class":76},[62,68989,277],{"class":80},[62,68991,259],{"class":76},[62,68993,103],{"class":95},[62,68995,77],{"class":76},[62,68997,9912],{"class":80},[62,68999,259],{"class":76},[62,69001,114],{"class":95},[62,69003,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69005,128],{"class":127},[62,69007,131],{"class":95},[62,69009,134],{"class":127},[62,69011,131],{"class":95},[62,69013,582],{"class":139},[62,69015,1013],{"class":95},[14,69017,2282],{},[53,69019,69020],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,69021,69022],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69023,69024],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69025,46769],{"class":99},[14,69027,69028,69029,19127,69031,409],{},"But the last index is ",[18,69030,1935],{},[18,69032,2273],{},[14,69034,69035],{},"Indexes are:",[29,69037,69038,69045,69051],{},[32,69039,69040,69042,69043],{},[18,69041,665],{}," for ",[18,69044,18259],{},[32,69046,69047,69042,69049],{},[18,69048,499],{},[18,69050,65542],{},[32,69052,69053,69042,69055],{},[18,69054,1935],{},[18,69056,66428],{},[14,69058,69059],{},"So this causes an error:",[53,69061,69063],{"className":55,"code":69062,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,69064,69065,69097],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69066,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093,69095],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69068,36253],{"class":68},[62,69070,73],{"class":72},[62,69072,96],{"class":95},[62,69074,259],{"class":76},[62,69076,262],{"class":80},[62,69078,259],{"class":76},[62,69080,103],{"class":95},[62,69082,77],{"class":76},[62,69084,277],{"class":80},[62,69086,259],{"class":76},[62,69088,103],{"class":95},[62,69090,77],{"class":76},[62,69092,9912],{"class":80},[62,69094,259],{"class":76},[62,69096,114],{"class":95},[62,69098,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69100,128],{"class":127},[62,69102,131],{"class":95},[62,69104,582],{"class":139},[62,69106,948],{"class":95},[62,69108,134],{"class":127},[62,69110,131],{"class":95},[62,69112,582],{"class":139},[62,69114,10850],{"class":95},[14,69116,8674,69117,4982,69120,69122,69123,69125],{},[18,69118,69119],{},"len(letters)",[18,69121,2273],{},", and index ",[18,69124,2273],{}," does not exist.",[14,69127,19004],{},[53,69129,69131],{"className":55,"code":69130,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,69132,69133,69165],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69134,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69136,36253],{"class":68},[62,69138,73],{"class":72},[62,69140,96],{"class":95},[62,69142,259],{"class":76},[62,69144,262],{"class":80},[62,69146,259],{"class":76},[62,69148,103],{"class":95},[62,69150,77],{"class":76},[62,69152,277],{"class":80},[62,69154,259],{"class":76},[62,69156,103],{"class":95},[62,69158,77],{"class":76},[62,69160,9912],{"class":80},[62,69162,259],{"class":76},[62,69164,114],{"class":95},[62,69166,69167,69169,69171,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69168,128],{"class":127},[62,69170,131],{"class":95},[62,69172,582],{"class":139},[62,69174,948],{"class":95},[62,69176,134],{"class":127},[62,69178,131],{"class":95},[62,69180,582],{"class":139},[62,69182,741],{"class":95},[62,69184,2427],{"class":72},[62,69186,270],{"class":99},[62,69188,4088],{"class":95},[14,69190,2282],{},[53,69192,69194],{"className":55,"code":69193,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"c\n",[18,69195,69196],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69197,69198],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69199,69193],{"class":68},[14,69201,69202,69203,409],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[262,69204,69206],{"href":69205},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1256,69208,1834,69210,69212],{"id":69209},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,69211,20],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69214,69215],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69217,69218],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[53,69220,69222],{"className":55,"code":69221,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69223,69224,69234,69248,69262],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69225,69226,69228,69230,69232],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69227,128],{"class":127},[62,69229,131],{"class":95},[62,69231,2069],{"class":139},[62,69233,434],{"class":95},[62,69235,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69237,128],{"class":127},[62,69239,131],{"class":95},[62,69241,134],{"class":127},[62,69243,131],{"class":95},[62,69245,2069],{"class":139},[62,69247,1013],{"class":95},[62,69249,69250,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,69251,128],{"class":127},[62,69253,131],{"class":95},[62,69255,1690],{"class":430},[62,69257,131],{"class":95},[62,69259,2069],{"class":139},[62,69261,1013],{"class":95},[62,69263,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,69265,128],{"class":127},[62,69267,131],{"class":95},[62,69269,2069],{"class":139},[62,69271,948],{"class":95},[62,69273,665],{"class":99},[62,69275,4088],{"class":95},[14,69277,69278],{},"These help you verify:",[29,69280,69281,69284,69286,69289],{},[32,69282,69283],{},"what the variable contains",[32,69285,60730],{},[32,69287,69288],{},"whether it is really a list",[32,69290,69291],{},"what the first item is",[14,69293,69294,69295,69298],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69296,69297],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[48,69300,5160,69302,69304],{"id":69301},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69303,20],{}," with lists",[14,69306,69307,69308,69310],{},"You will often use ",[18,69309,20],{}," in real programs.",[14,69312,9546],{},[29,69314,69315,69317,69320,69323],{},[32,69316,1259],{},[32,69318,69319],{},"Control loops",[32,69321,69322],{},"Validate input or results",[32,69324,69325],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69327,69328],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[53,69330,69332],{"className":55,"code":69331,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,69333,69334,69354,69370,69374,69388,69402],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69335,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69337,2758],{"class":68},[62,69339,73],{"class":72},[62,69341,96],{"class":95},[62,69343,499],{"class":99},[62,69345,103],{"class":95},[62,69347,284],{"class":99},[62,69349,103],{"class":95},[62,69351,508],{"class":99},[62,69353,114],{"class":95},[62,69355,69356,69358,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69357,2786],{"class":68},[62,69359,73],{"class":72},[62,69361,96],{"class":95},[62,69363,100],{"class":99},[62,69365,103],{"class":95},[62,69367,106],{"class":99},[62,69369,114],{"class":95},[62,69371,69372],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,69373,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,69375,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,69377,128],{"class":127},[62,69379,131],{"class":95},[62,69381,134],{"class":127},[62,69383,131],{"class":95},[62,69385,262],{"class":139},[62,69387,1013],{"class":95},[62,69389,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,69391,128],{"class":127},[62,69393,131],{"class":95},[62,69395,134],{"class":127},[62,69397,131],{"class":95},[62,69399,277],{"class":139},[62,69401,1013],{"class":95},[62,69403,69404,69406,69408,69410,69412,69414,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,69405,128],{"class":127},[62,69407,131],{"class":95},[62,69409,134],{"class":127},[62,69411,131],{"class":95},[62,69413,262],{"class":139},[62,69415,741],{"class":95},[62,69417,933],{"class":72},[62,69419,733],{"class":127},[62,69421,131],{"class":95},[62,69423,277],{"class":139},[62,69425,1013],{"class":95},[14,69427,2282],{},[53,69429,69431],{"className":55,"code":69430,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69432,69433,69437,69441],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69434,69435],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69436,46769],{"class":99},[62,69438,69439],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69440,17223],{"class":99},[62,69442,69443],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,69444,4179],{"class":1618},[14,69446,69447],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[53,69449,69451],{"className":55,"code":69450,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69452,69453,69485,69489,69511],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69454,69455,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467,69469,69471,69473,69475,69477,69479,69481,69483],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69456,5194],{"class":68},[62,69458,73],{"class":72},[62,69460,96],{"class":95},[62,69462,259],{"class":76},[62,69464,1896],{"class":80},[62,69466,259],{"class":76},[62,69468,103],{"class":95},[62,69470,77],{"class":76},[62,69472,36103],{"class":80},[62,69474,259],{"class":76},[62,69476,103],{"class":95},[62,69478,77],{"class":76},[62,69480,36112],{"class":80},[62,69482,259],{"class":76},[62,69484,114],{"class":95},[62,69486,69487],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69488,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,69490,69491,69493,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,69492,6154],{"class":729},[62,69494,69495],{"class":68}," i ",[62,69497,4082],{"class":729},[62,69499,54014],{"class":127},[62,69501,131],{"class":95},[62,69503,134],{"class":127},[62,69505,131],{"class":95},[62,69507,5237],{"class":139},[62,69509,69510],{"class":95},")):\n",[62,69512,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69524,69526,69528],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,69514,754],{"class":127},[62,69516,131],{"class":95},[62,69518,645],{"class":139},[62,69520,103],{"class":95},[62,69522,69523],{"class":139}," names",[62,69525,948],{"class":95},[62,69527,645],{"class":139},[62,69529,4088],{"class":95},[14,69531,2282],{},[53,69533,69534],{"className":55,"code":36161,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,69535,69536,69542,69548],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69537,69538,69540],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69539,665],{"class":99},[62,69541,36170],{"class":68},[62,69543,69544,69546],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69545,499],{"class":99},[62,69547,36177],{"class":68},[62,69549,69550,69552],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,69551,1935],{"class":99},[62,69553,36184],{"class":68},[14,69555,69556,69557,409],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[262,69558,69560],{"href":69559},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69562,69563,69564,69566],{},"You can also read ",[262,69565,1020],{"href":1019}," for a task-focused guide.",[48,69568,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,69570,69572],{"id":69571},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69574,169,69575,69578],{},[18,69576,69577],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1256,69580,5340,69582,12887],{"id":69581},"what-does-len-return",[18,69583,69584],{},"len([])",[14,69586,5346,69587,69589],{},[18,69588,665],{}," because the list is empty.",[1256,69591,69593],{"id":69592},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69595,69596],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1256,69598,28489,69600,69602],{"id":69599},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69601,68778],{}," in Python?",[14,69604,30432,69605,8404,69607,69609],{},[18,69606,68224],{},[18,69608,20],{}," is a built-in function.",[48,69611,2109],{"id":2108},[29,69613,69614,69620,69624,69628,69632],{},[32,69615,69616],{},[262,69617,3779,69618,3712],{"href":42510},[18,69619,20],{},[32,69621,69622],{},[262,69623,2128],{"href":1019},[32,69625,69626],{},[262,69627,52715],{"href":402},[32,69629,69630],{},[262,69631,69206],{"href":69205},[32,69633,69634],{},[262,69635,69636],{"href":69559},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2145,69638,69639],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":69641},[69642,69643,69645,69646,69647,69648,69656,69658,69666],{"id":15329,"depth":87,"text":15330},{"id":68216,"depth":87,"text":69644},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5982,"depth":87,"text":5983},{"id":68485,"depth":87,"text":68486},{"id":68626,"depth":87,"text":68627},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":69649},[69650,69652,69653,69654],{"id":68775,"depth":117,"text":69651},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25847,"depth":117,"text":25848},{"id":68955,"depth":117,"text":68956},{"id":69209,"depth":117,"text":69655},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69301,"depth":87,"text":69657},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":69659},[69660,69661,69663,69664],{"id":69571,"depth":117,"text":69572},{"id":69581,"depth":117,"text":69662},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69592,"depth":117,"text":69593},{"id":69599,"depth":117,"text":69665},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68111,"description":69667},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69673,"title":69674,"body":69675,"description":71657,"extension":2174,"meta":71658,"navigation":120,"path":71659,"seo":71660,"stem":71661,"__hash__":71662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69676,"toc":71630},[69677,69680,69685,69688,69696,69709,69711,69776,69778,69800,69805,69809,69814,69822,69824,69834,69836,69917,69919,69949,69951,69970,69975,69992,69994,70078,70080,70110,70115,70119,70125,70209,70211,70241,70244,70248,70251,70342,70344,70382,70385,70470,70472,70502,70508,70515,70519,70524,70533,70535,70620,70622,70651,70654,70662,70666,70670,70679,70702,70704,70726,70728,70742,70744,70804,70808,70813,70852,70854,70871,70873,70883,70982,70987,70991,70996,71039,71041,71069,71071,71085,71160,71162,71184,71188,71191,71196,71207,71212,71220,71223,71294,71296,71321,71378,71380,71401,71410,71418,71423,71425,71430,71451,71454,71529,71532,71546,71553,71555,71559,71565,71569,71579,71583,71590,71594,71600,71602,71627],[10,69678,69674],{"id":69679},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69681,69682,69684],{},[18,69683,55026],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69686,69687],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[29,69689,69690,69693],{},[32,69691,69692],{},"delete an item from a list",[32,69694,69695],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69697,69698,69699,69701,69702,8884,69704,69708],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69700,12934],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69703,12934],{},[262,69705,69706],{"href":55016},[18,69707,55473],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[48,69710,51],{"id":50},[53,69712,69714],{"className":55,"code":69713,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69715,69716,69736,69751,69755,69766],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69717,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69719,225],{"class":68},[62,69721,73],{"class":72},[62,69723,96],{"class":95},[62,69725,100],{"class":99},[62,69727,103],{"class":95},[62,69729,106],{"class":99},[62,69731,103],{"class":95},[62,69733,111],{"class":99},[62,69735,114],{"class":95},[62,69737,69738,69741,69743,69745,69747,69749],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69739,69740],{"class":68},"last_item ",[62,69742,73],{"class":72},[62,69744,4462],{"class":68},[62,69746,409],{"class":95},[62,69748,26402],{"class":139},[62,69750,8822],{"class":95},[62,69752,69753],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,69754,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,69756,69757,69759,69761,69764],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,69758,128],{"class":127},[62,69760,131],{"class":95},[62,69762,69763],{"class":139},"last_item",[62,69765,434],{"class":95},[62,69767,69768,69770,69772,69774],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,69769,128],{"class":127},[62,69771,131],{"class":95},[62,69773,348],{"class":139},[62,69775,434],{"class":95},[14,69777,2282],{},[53,69779,69781],{"className":55,"code":69780,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69782,69783,69788],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69784,69785],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69786,69787],{"class":99},"30\n",[62,69789,69790,69792,69794,69796,69798],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69791,948],{"class":95},[62,69793,100],{"class":99},[62,69795,103],{"class":95},[62,69797,106],{"class":99},[62,69799,114],{"class":95},[14,69801,169,69802,69804],{},[18,69803,12934],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[48,69806,69808],{"id":69807},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69810,69811,69813],{},[18,69812,12934],{}," has two main jobs:",[29,69815,69816,69819],{},[32,69817,69818],{},"It removes one item from a list",[32,69820,69821],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69823,43801],{},[29,69825,69826,69829,69832],{},[32,69827,69828],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[32,69830,69831],{},"It changes the original list",[32,69833,52689],{},[14,69835,201],{},[53,69837,69839],{"className":55,"code":69838,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69840,69841,69873,69877,69892,69896,69907],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69842,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859,69861,69863,69865,69867,69869,69871],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69844,788],{"class":68},[62,69846,73],{"class":72},[62,69848,96],{"class":95},[62,69850,259],{"class":76},[62,69852,797],{"class":80},[62,69854,259],{"class":76},[62,69856,103],{"class":95},[62,69858,77],{"class":76},[62,69860,806],{"class":80},[62,69862,259],{"class":76},[62,69864,103],{"class":95},[62,69866,77],{"class":76},[62,69868,815],{"class":80},[62,69870,259],{"class":76},[62,69872,114],{"class":95},[62,69874,69875],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69876,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,69878,69879,69882,69884,69886,69888,69890],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,69880,69881],{"class":68},"removed ",[62,69883,73],{"class":72},[62,69885,13291],{"class":68},[62,69887,409],{"class":95},[62,69889,26402],{"class":139},[62,69891,8822],{"class":95},[62,69893,69894],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,69895,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,69897,69898,69900,69902,69905],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,69899,128],{"class":127},[62,69901,131],{"class":95},[62,69903,69904],{"class":139},"removed",[62,69906,434],{"class":95},[62,69908,69909,69911,69913,69915],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,69910,128],{"class":127},[62,69912,131],{"class":95},[62,69914,832],{"class":139},[62,69916,434],{"class":95},[14,69918,2282],{},[53,69920,69922],{"className":55,"code":69921,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,69923,69924,69929],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69925,69926],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69927,69928],{"class":68},"blue\n",[62,69930,69931,69933,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,69932,948],{"class":95},[62,69934,3503],{"class":76},[62,69936,797],{"class":80},[62,69938,3503],{"class":76},[62,69940,103],{"class":95},[62,69942,3498],{"class":76},[62,69944,806],{"class":80},[62,69946,3503],{"class":76},[62,69948,114],{"class":95},[48,69950,413],{"id":412},[53,69952,69954],{"className":55,"code":69953,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,69955,69956],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,69957,69958,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,69959,8276],{"class":430},[62,69961,409],{"class":95},[62,69963,26402],{"class":139},[62,69965,496],{"class":95},[62,69967,36008],{"class":139},[62,69969,4088],{"class":95},[14,69971,2191,69972,69974],{},[18,69973,36008],{}," is optional.",[29,69976,69977,69983,69989],{},[32,69978,69979,69980,69982],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,69981,12934],{}," removes the last item",[32,69984,69985,69986,69988],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,69987,12934],{}," removes the item at that position",[32,69990,69991],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69993,201],{},[53,69995,69997],{"className":55,"code":69996,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,69998,69999,70031,70035,70054,70058,70068],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70000,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027,70029],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70002,36253],{"class":68},[62,70004,73],{"class":72},[62,70006,96],{"class":95},[62,70008,259],{"class":76},[62,70010,262],{"class":80},[62,70012,259],{"class":76},[62,70014,103],{"class":95},[62,70016,77],{"class":76},[62,70018,277],{"class":80},[62,70020,259],{"class":76},[62,70022,103],{"class":95},[62,70024,77],{"class":76},[62,70026,9912],{"class":80},[62,70028,259],{"class":76},[62,70030,114],{"class":95},[62,70032,70033],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70034,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70036,70037,70039,70041,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,70038,28699],{"class":68},[62,70040,73],{"class":72},[62,70042,70043],{"class":68}," letters",[62,70045,409],{"class":95},[62,70047,26402],{"class":139},[62,70049,131],{"class":95},[62,70051,499],{"class":99},[62,70053,434],{"class":95},[62,70055,70056],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,70057,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70059,70060,70062,70064,70066],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,70061,128],{"class":127},[62,70063,131],{"class":95},[62,70065,23470],{"class":139},[62,70067,434],{"class":95},[62,70069,70070,70072,70074,70076],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,70071,128],{"class":127},[62,70073,131],{"class":95},[62,70075,582],{"class":139},[62,70077,434],{"class":95},[14,70079,2282],{},[53,70081,70083],{"className":55,"code":70082,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,70084,70085,70090],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70086,70087],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70088,70089],{"class":68},"b\n",[62,70091,70092,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102,70104,70106,70108],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70093,948],{"class":95},[62,70095,3503],{"class":76},[62,70097,262],{"class":80},[62,70099,3503],{"class":76},[62,70101,103],{"class":95},[62,70103,3498],{"class":76},[62,70105,9912],{"class":80},[62,70107,3503],{"class":76},[62,70109,114],{"class":95},[14,70111,70112,70113,409],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[262,70114,52715],{"href":402},[48,70116,70118],{"id":70117},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70120,70121,70122,70124],{},"When you call ",[18,70123,12934],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[53,70126,70128],{"className":55,"code":70127,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,70129,70130,70165,70169,70184,70188,70199],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70131,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70143,70145,70147,70149,70152,70154,70156,70158,70161,70163],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70133,30059],{"class":68},[62,70135,73],{"class":72},[62,70137,96],{"class":95},[62,70139,259],{"class":76},[62,70141,70142],{"class":80},"write",[62,70144,259],{"class":76},[62,70146,103],{"class":95},[62,70148,77],{"class":76},[62,70150,70151],{"class":80},"test",[62,70153,259],{"class":76},[62,70155,103],{"class":95},[62,70157,77],{"class":76},[62,70159,70160],{"class":80},"submit",[62,70162,259],{"class":76},[62,70164,114],{"class":95},[62,70166,70167],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70168,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70170,70171,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,70172,70173],{"class":68},"last_task ",[62,70175,73],{"class":72},[62,70177,30137],{"class":68},[62,70179,409],{"class":95},[62,70181,26402],{"class":139},[62,70183,8822],{"class":95},[62,70185,70186],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,70187,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70189,70190,70192,70194,70197],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,70191,128],{"class":127},[62,70193,131],{"class":95},[62,70195,70196],{"class":139},"last_task",[62,70198,434],{"class":95},[62,70200,70201,70203,70205,70207],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,70202,128],{"class":127},[62,70204,131],{"class":95},[62,70206,36667],{"class":139},[62,70208,434],{"class":95},[14,70210,2282],{},[53,70212,70214],{"className":55,"code":70213,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,70215,70216,70221],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70217,70218],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70219,70220],{"class":68},"submit\n",[62,70222,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70224,948],{"class":95},[62,70226,3503],{"class":76},[62,70228,70142],{"class":80},[62,70230,3503],{"class":76},[62,70232,103],{"class":95},[62,70234,3498],{"class":76},[62,70236,70151],{"class":80},[62,70238,3503],{"class":76},[62,70240,114],{"class":95},[14,70242,70243],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[48,70245,70247],{"id":70246},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70249,70250],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[53,70252,70254],{"className":55,"code":70253,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70255,70256,70296,70300,70318,70322,70332],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70257,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70259,36400],{"class":68},[62,70261,73],{"class":72},[62,70263,96],{"class":95},[62,70265,259],{"class":76},[62,70267,901],{"class":80},[62,70269,259],{"class":76},[62,70271,103],{"class":95},[62,70273,77],{"class":76},[62,70275,910],{"class":80},[62,70277,259],{"class":76},[62,70279,103],{"class":95},[62,70281,77],{"class":76},[62,70283,4295],{"class":80},[62,70285,259],{"class":76},[62,70287,103],{"class":95},[62,70289,77],{"class":76},[62,70291,33383],{"class":80},[62,70293,259],{"class":76},[62,70295,114],{"class":95},[62,70297,70298],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70299,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70301,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,70303,69881],{"class":68},[62,70305,73],{"class":72},[62,70307,52795],{"class":68},[62,70309,409],{"class":95},[62,70311,26402],{"class":139},[62,70313,131],{"class":95},[62,70315,499],{"class":99},[62,70317,434],{"class":95},[62,70319,70320],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,70321,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70323,70324,70326,70328,70330],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,70325,128],{"class":127},[62,70327,131],{"class":95},[62,70329,69904],{"class":139},[62,70331,434],{"class":95},[62,70333,70334,70336,70338,70340],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,70335,128],{"class":127},[62,70337,131],{"class":95},[62,70339,36452],{"class":139},[62,70341,434],{"class":95},[14,70343,2282],{},[53,70345,70347],{"className":55,"code":70346,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,70348,70349,70354],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70350,70351],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70352,70353],{"class":68},"banana\n",[62,70355,70356,70358,70360,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70357,948],{"class":95},[62,70359,3503],{"class":76},[62,70361,901],{"class":80},[62,70363,3503],{"class":76},[62,70365,103],{"class":95},[62,70367,3498],{"class":76},[62,70369,4295],{"class":80},[62,70371,3503],{"class":76},[62,70373,103],{"class":95},[62,70375,3498],{"class":76},[62,70377,33383],{"class":80},[62,70379,3503],{"class":76},[62,70381,114],{"class":95},[14,70383,70384],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[53,70386,70388],{"className":55,"code":70387,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70389,70390,70422,70426,70446,70450,70460],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70391,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70393,36400],{"class":68},[62,70395,73],{"class":72},[62,70397,96],{"class":95},[62,70399,259],{"class":76},[62,70401,901],{"class":80},[62,70403,259],{"class":76},[62,70405,103],{"class":95},[62,70407,77],{"class":76},[62,70409,910],{"class":80},[62,70411,259],{"class":76},[62,70413,103],{"class":95},[62,70415,77],{"class":76},[62,70417,4295],{"class":80},[62,70419,259],{"class":76},[62,70421,114],{"class":95},[62,70423,70424],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70425,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70427,70428,70430,70432,70434,70436,70438,70440,70442,70444],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,70429,69881],{"class":68},[62,70431,73],{"class":72},[62,70433,52795],{"class":68},[62,70435,409],{"class":95},[62,70437,26402],{"class":139},[62,70439,131],{"class":95},[62,70441,2233],{"class":72},[62,70443,499],{"class":99},[62,70445,434],{"class":95},[62,70447,70448],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,70449,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70451,70452,70454,70456,70458],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,70453,128],{"class":127},[62,70455,131],{"class":95},[62,70457,69904],{"class":139},[62,70459,434],{"class":95},[62,70461,70462,70464,70466,70468],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,70463,128],{"class":127},[62,70465,131],{"class":95},[62,70467,36452],{"class":139},[62,70469,434],{"class":95},[14,70471,2282],{},[53,70473,70475],{"className":55,"code":70474,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70476,70477,70482],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70478,70479],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70480,70481],{"class":68},"cherry\n",[62,70483,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70485,948],{"class":95},[62,70487,3503],{"class":76},[62,70489,901],{"class":80},[62,70491,3503],{"class":76},[62,70493,103],{"class":95},[62,70495,3498],{"class":76},[62,70497,910],{"class":80},[62,70499,3503],{"class":76},[62,70501,114],{"class":95},[14,70503,70504,70505,70507],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70506,65801],{}," means the last item.",[14,70509,70510,70511,409],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[262,70512,70513,10912],{"href":58910},[18,70514,64812],{},[48,70516,70518],{"id":70517},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70520,70521,70523],{},[18,70522,12934],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70525,70526,70527,1940,70529,409],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70528,12934],{},[262,70530,70531],{"href":55016},[18,70532,55473],{},[14,70534,201],{},[53,70536,70538],{"className":55,"code":70537,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70539,70540,70572,70576,70595,70599,70610],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70541,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70543,5194],{"class":68},[62,70545,73],{"class":72},[62,70547,96],{"class":95},[62,70549,259],{"class":76},[62,70551,1896],{"class":80},[62,70553,259],{"class":76},[62,70555,103],{"class":95},[62,70557,77],{"class":76},[62,70559,36103],{"class":80},[62,70561,259],{"class":76},[62,70563,103],{"class":95},[62,70565,77],{"class":76},[62,70567,36112],{"class":80},[62,70569,259],{"class":76},[62,70571,114],{"class":95},[62,70573,70574],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70575,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70577,70578,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,70579,70580],{"class":68},"removed_name ",[62,70582,73],{"class":72},[62,70584,69523],{"class":68},[62,70586,409],{"class":95},[62,70588,26402],{"class":139},[62,70590,131],{"class":95},[62,70592,665],{"class":99},[62,70594,434],{"class":95},[62,70596,70597],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,70598,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70600,70601,70603,70605,70608],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,70602,128],{"class":127},[62,70604,131],{"class":95},[62,70606,70607],{"class":139},"removed_name",[62,70609,434],{"class":95},[62,70611,70612,70614,70616,70618],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,70613,128],{"class":127},[62,70615,131],{"class":95},[62,70617,5237],{"class":139},[62,70619,434],{"class":95},[14,70621,2282],{},[53,70623,70625],{"className":55,"code":70624,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70626,70627,70631],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70628,70629],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70630,50190],{"class":68},[62,70632,70633,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70634,948],{"class":95},[62,70636,3503],{"class":76},[62,70638,36103],{"class":80},[62,70640,3503],{"class":76},[62,70642,103],{"class":95},[62,70644,3498],{"class":76},[62,70646,36112],{"class":80},[62,70648,3503],{"class":76},[62,70650,114],{"class":95},[14,70652,70653],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70655,70656,70657,70659,70660,409],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70658,55473],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70661,1548],{},[48,70663,70665],{"id":70664},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1256,70667,70669],{"id":70668},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70671,70672,70673,70675,70676,409],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70674,12934],{}," raises an ",[18,70677,70678],{},"IndexError",[53,70680,70682],{"className":55,"code":70681,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70683,70684,70692],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70685,70686,70688,70690],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70687,90],{"class":68},[62,70689,73],{"class":72},[62,70691,1273],{"class":95},[62,70693,70694,70696,70698,70700],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70695,161],{"class":68},[62,70697,409],{"class":95},[62,70699,26402],{"class":139},[62,70701,8822],{"class":95},[14,70703,2282],{},[53,70705,70707],{"className":55,"code":70706,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70708,70709],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70710,70711,70713,70715,70718,70721,70724],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70712,70678],{"class":430},[62,70714,267],{"class":95},[62,70716,70717],{"class":68}," pop ",[62,70719,70720],{"class":729},"from",[62,70722,70723],{"class":68}," empty ",[62,70725,50036],{"class":430},[14,70727,39415],{},[29,70729,70730,70735],{},[32,70731,70732,70733],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,70734,12934],{},[32,70736,70737,70738,1940,70740],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70739,29965],{},[18,70741,29996],{},[14,70743,201],{},[53,70745,70747],{"className":55,"code":70746,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70748,70749,70757,70761,70769,70783,70789],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70750,70751,70753,70755],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70752,90],{"class":68},[62,70754,73],{"class":72},[62,70756,1273],{"class":95},[62,70758,70759],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70760,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70762,70763,70765,70767],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,70764,730],{"class":729},[62,70766,6162],{"class":68},[62,70768,749],{"class":95},[62,70770,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,70772,754],{"class":127},[62,70774,131],{"class":95},[62,70776,161],{"class":139},[62,70778,409],{"class":95},[62,70780,26402],{"class":139},[62,70782,7385],{"class":95},[62,70784,70785,70787],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,70786,1431],{"class":729},[62,70788,749],{"class":95},[62,70790,70791,70793,70795,70797,70800,70802],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,70792,754],{"class":127},[62,70794,131],{"class":95},[62,70796,259],{"class":76},[62,70798,70799],{"class":80},"The list is empty.",[62,70801,259],{"class":76},[62,70803,434],{"class":95},[1256,70805,70807],{"id":70806},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70809,70810,70811,409],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70812,70678],{},[53,70814,70816],{"className":55,"code":70815,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70817,70818,70838],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70819,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70821,225],{"class":68},[62,70823,73],{"class":72},[62,70825,96],{"class":95},[62,70827,100],{"class":99},[62,70829,103],{"class":95},[62,70831,106],{"class":99},[62,70833,103],{"class":95},[62,70835,111],{"class":99},[62,70837,114],{"class":95},[62,70839,70840,70842,70844,70846,70848,70850],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70841,348],{"class":68},[62,70843,409],{"class":95},[62,70845,26402],{"class":139},[62,70847,131],{"class":95},[62,70849,299],{"class":99},[62,70851,434],{"class":95},[14,70853,2282],{},[53,70855,70857],{"className":55,"code":70856,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,70858,70859],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70860,70861,70863,70865,70868],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70862,70678],{"class":430},[62,70864,267],{"class":95},[62,70866,70867],{"class":68}," pop index out of ",[62,70869,70870],{"class":127},"range\n",[14,70872,39415],{},[29,70874,70875,70880],{},[32,70876,70877,70878],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,70879,20],{},[32,70881,70882],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[53,70884,70886],{"className":55,"code":70885,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,70887,70888,70908,70917,70921,70943,70961,70967],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,70889,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898,70900,70902,70904,70906],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,70891,225],{"class":68},[62,70893,73],{"class":72},[62,70895,96],{"class":95},[62,70897,100],{"class":99},[62,70899,103],{"class":95},[62,70901,106],{"class":99},[62,70903,103],{"class":95},[62,70905,111],{"class":99},[62,70907,114],{"class":95},[62,70909,70910,70913,70915],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,70911,70912],{"class":68},"index ",[62,70914,73],{"class":72},[62,70916,45741],{"class":99},[62,70918,70919],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,70920,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,70922,70923,70925,70927,70930,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,70924,730],{"class":729},[62,70926,1228],{"class":99},[62,70928,70929],{"class":72}," \u003C=",[62,70931,70932],{"class":68}," index ",[62,70934,3492],{"class":72},[62,70936,733],{"class":127},[62,70938,131],{"class":95},[62,70940,348],{"class":139},[62,70942,8521],{"class":95},[62,70944,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,70946,754],{"class":127},[62,70948,131],{"class":95},[62,70950,348],{"class":139},[62,70952,409],{"class":95},[62,70954,26402],{"class":139},[62,70956,131],{"class":95},[62,70958,36008],{"class":139},[62,70960,1013],{"class":95},[62,70962,70963,70965],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,70964,1431],{"class":729},[62,70966,749],{"class":95},[62,70968,70969,70971,70973,70975,70978,70980],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,70970,754],{"class":127},[62,70972,131],{"class":95},[62,70974,259],{"class":76},[62,70976,70977],{"class":80},"Index is out of range.",[62,70979,259],{"class":76},[62,70981,434],{"class":95},[14,70983,70984,70985,409],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[262,70986,69206],{"href":69205},[1256,70988,70990],{"id":70989},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70992,70993,70995],{},[18,70994,12934],{}," expects an integer index.",[53,70997,70999],{"className":55,"code":70998,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,71000,71001,71021],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71002,71003,71005,71007,71009,71011,71013,71015,71017,71019],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71004,225],{"class":68},[62,71006,73],{"class":72},[62,71008,96],{"class":95},[62,71010,100],{"class":99},[62,71012,103],{"class":95},[62,71014,106],{"class":99},[62,71016,103],{"class":95},[62,71018,111],{"class":99},[62,71020,114],{"class":95},[62,71022,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71024,348],{"class":68},[62,71026,409],{"class":95},[62,71028,26402],{"class":139},[62,71030,131],{"class":95},[62,71032,259],{"class":76},[62,71034,499],{"class":80},[62,71036,259],{"class":76},[62,71038,434],{"class":95},[14,71040,2282],{},[53,71042,71044],{"className":55,"code":71043,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,71045,71046],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71047,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060,71063,71066],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71049,1535],{"class":430},[62,71051,267],{"class":95},[62,71053,3498],{"class":76},[62,71055,3646],{"class":80},[62,71057,3503],{"class":76},[62,71059,24777],{"class":430},[62,71061,71062],{"class":68}," cannot be interpreted ",[62,71064,71065],{"class":729},"as",[62,71067,71068],{"class":68}," an integer\n",[14,71070,39415],{},[29,71072,71073,71082],{},[32,71074,71075,71076,399,71078,2398,71080],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,71077,665],{},[18,71079,499],{},[18,71081,65801],{},[32,71083,71084],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[53,71086,71088],{"className":55,"code":71087,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71089,71090,71110,71128,71132,71150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71091,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106,71108],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71093,225],{"class":68},[62,71095,73],{"class":72},[62,71097,96],{"class":95},[62,71099,100],{"class":99},[62,71101,103],{"class":95},[62,71103,106],{"class":99},[62,71105,103],{"class":95},[62,71107,111],{"class":99},[62,71109,114],{"class":95},[62,71111,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71113,70912],{"class":68},[62,71115,73],{"class":72},[62,71117,45428],{"class":430},[62,71119,131],{"class":95},[62,71121,259],{"class":76},[62,71123,499],{"class":80},[62,71125,259],{"class":76},[62,71127,434],{"class":95},[62,71129,71130],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,71131,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,71133,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146,71148],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,71135,128],{"class":127},[62,71137,131],{"class":95},[62,71139,348],{"class":139},[62,71141,409],{"class":95},[62,71143,26402],{"class":139},[62,71145,131],{"class":95},[62,71147,36008],{"class":139},[62,71149,1013],{"class":95},[62,71151,71152,71154,71156,71158],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,71153,128],{"class":127},[62,71155,131],{"class":95},[62,71157,348],{"class":139},[62,71159,434],{"class":95},[14,71161,2282],{},[53,71163,71165],{"className":55,"code":71164,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,71166,71167,71172],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71168,71169],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71170,71171],{"class":99},"20\n",[62,71173,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71175,948],{"class":95},[62,71177,100],{"class":99},[62,71179,103],{"class":95},[62,71181,111],{"class":99},[62,71183,114],{"class":95},[48,71185,71187],{"id":71186},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71189,71190],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1256,71192,169,71194,10772],{"id":71193},"use-pop-when",[18,71195,12934],{},[29,71197,71198,71201,71204],{},[32,71199,71200],{},"you want to remove by index",[32,71202,71203],{},"you want the removed item returned",[32,71205,71206],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1256,71208,169,71210,10772],{"id":71209},"use-remove-when",[18,71211,55473],{},[29,71213,71214,71217],{},[32,71215,71216],{},"you want to remove by value",[32,71218,71219],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71221,71222],{},"Compare these examples:",[53,71224,71226],{"className":55,"code":71225,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71227,71228,71252,71256,71274,71284],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71229,71230,71232,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71231,225],{"class":68},[62,71233,73],{"class":72},[62,71235,96],{"class":95},[62,71237,100],{"class":99},[62,71239,103],{"class":95},[62,71241,106],{"class":99},[62,71243,103],{"class":95},[62,71245,111],{"class":99},[62,71247,103],{"class":95},[62,71249,106],{"class":99},[62,71251,114],{"class":95},[62,71253,71254],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71255,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,71257,71258,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,71259,69881],{"class":68},[62,71261,73],{"class":72},[62,71263,4462],{"class":68},[62,71265,409],{"class":95},[62,71267,26402],{"class":139},[62,71269,131],{"class":95},[62,71271,499],{"class":99},[62,71273,434],{"class":95},[62,71275,71276,71278,71280,71282],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,71277,128],{"class":127},[62,71279,131],{"class":95},[62,71281,69904],{"class":139},[62,71283,434],{"class":95},[62,71285,71286,71288,71290,71292],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,71287,128],{"class":127},[62,71289,131],{"class":95},[62,71291,348],{"class":139},[62,71293,434],{"class":95},[14,71295,2282],{},[53,71297,71299],{"className":55,"code":71298,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71300,71301,71305],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71302,71303],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71304,71171],{"class":99},[62,71306,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315,71317,71319],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71308,948],{"class":95},[62,71310,100],{"class":99},[62,71312,103],{"class":95},[62,71314,111],{"class":99},[62,71316,103],{"class":95},[62,71318,106],{"class":99},[62,71320,114],{"class":95},[53,71322,71324],{"className":55,"code":71323,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71325,71326,71350,71354,71368],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71327,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346,71348],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71329,225],{"class":68},[62,71331,73],{"class":72},[62,71333,96],{"class":95},[62,71335,100],{"class":99},[62,71337,103],{"class":95},[62,71339,106],{"class":99},[62,71341,103],{"class":95},[62,71343,111],{"class":99},[62,71345,103],{"class":95},[62,71347,106],{"class":99},[62,71349,114],{"class":95},[62,71351,71352],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71353,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,71355,71356,71358,71360,71362,71364,71366],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,71357,348],{"class":68},[62,71359,409],{"class":95},[62,71361,34956],{"class":139},[62,71363,131],{"class":95},[62,71365,15921],{"class":99},[62,71367,434],{"class":95},[62,71369,71370,71372,71374,71376],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,71371,128],{"class":127},[62,71373,131],{"class":95},[62,71375,348],{"class":139},[62,71377,434],{"class":95},[14,71379,2282],{},[53,71381,71383],{"className":55,"code":71382,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71384,71385],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71386,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71388,948],{"class":95},[62,71390,100],{"class":99},[62,71392,103],{"class":95},[62,71394,111],{"class":99},[62,71396,103],{"class":95},[62,71398,106],{"class":99},[62,71400,114],{"class":95},[14,71402,71403,71404,71407,71408,409],{},"In the first example, ",[18,71405,71406],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,71409,499],{},[14,71411,56549,71412,71415,71416,409],{},[18,71413,71414],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,71417,15921],{},[14,71419,71420,71421,409],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[262,71422,55012],{"href":55011},[48,71424,1824],{"id":1823},[14,71426,71427,71428,267],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71429,12934],{},[29,71431,71432,71435,71438,71444,71448],{},[32,71433,71434],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[32,71436,71437],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[32,71439,37366,71440,8884,71442],{},[18,71441,12934],{},[18,71443,55473],{},[32,71445,8631,71446,61918],{},[18,71447,12934],{},[32,71449,71450],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71452,71453],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[53,71455,71457],{"className":55,"code":71456,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71458,71459,71469,71483,71497,71515],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71460,71461,71463,71465,71467],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71462,128],{"class":127},[62,71464,131],{"class":95},[62,71466,2069],{"class":139},[62,71468,434],{"class":95},[62,71470,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71472,128],{"class":127},[62,71474,131],{"class":95},[62,71476,134],{"class":127},[62,71478,131],{"class":95},[62,71480,2069],{"class":139},[62,71482,1013],{"class":95},[62,71484,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,71486,128],{"class":127},[62,71488,131],{"class":95},[62,71490,2069],{"class":139},[62,71492,409],{"class":95},[62,71494,26402],{"class":139},[62,71496,7385],{"class":95},[62,71498,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,71500,128],{"class":127},[62,71502,131],{"class":95},[62,71504,2069],{"class":139},[62,71506,409],{"class":95},[62,71508,26402],{"class":139},[62,71510,131],{"class":95},[62,71512,665],{"class":99},[62,71514,1013],{"class":95},[62,71516,71517,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,71518,128],{"class":127},[62,71520,131],{"class":95},[62,71522,1690],{"class":430},[62,71524,131],{"class":95},[62,71526,36008],{"class":139},[62,71528,1013],{"class":95},[14,71530,71531],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[29,71533,71534,71540],{},[32,71535,71536,71539],{},[18,71537,71538],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[32,71541,71542,71545],{},[18,71543,71544],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71547,71548,71549,71552],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71550,71551],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[48,71554,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,71556,71558],{"id":71557},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71560,71561,71562,71564],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71563,12934],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1256,71566,71568],{"id":71567},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71570,71571,71573,71574,71576,71577,409],{},[18,71572,12934],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71575,55473],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71578,1548],{},[1256,71580,71582],{"id":71581},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71584,71585,71586,71589],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71587,71588],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1256,71591,71593],{"id":71592},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71595,71596,71597,71599],{},"Python raises ",[18,71598,70678],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[48,71601,2109],{"id":2108},[29,71603,71604,71608,71613,71618,71623],{},[32,71605,71606],{},[262,71607,55459],{"href":55011},[32,71609,71610],{},[262,71611,71612],{"href":55016},"Python list remove() method",[32,71614,71615],{},[262,71616,71617],{"href":58910},"Python list index() method",[32,71619,71620],{},[262,71621,71622],{"href":402},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[32,71624,71625],{},[262,71626,69206],{"href":69205},[2145,71628,71629],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":71631},[71632,71633,71634,71635,71636,71637,71638,71643,71649,71650,71656],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":69807,"depth":87,"text":69808},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":70117,"depth":87,"text":70118},{"id":70246,"depth":87,"text":70247},{"id":70517,"depth":87,"text":70518},{"id":70664,"depth":87,"text":70665,"children":71639},[71640,71641,71642],{"id":70668,"depth":117,"text":70669},{"id":70806,"depth":117,"text":70807},{"id":70989,"depth":117,"text":70990},{"id":71186,"depth":87,"text":71187,"children":71644},[71645,71647],{"id":71193,"depth":117,"text":71646},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71209,"depth":117,"text":71648},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":71651},[71652,71653,71654,71655],{"id":71557,"depth":117,"text":71558},{"id":71567,"depth":117,"text":71568},{"id":71581,"depth":117,"text":71582},{"id":71592,"depth":117,"text":71593},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69674,"description":71657},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71664,"title":71665,"body":71666,"description":73452,"extension":2174,"meta":73453,"navigation":120,"path":73454,"seo":73455,"stem":73456,"__hash__":73457},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71667,"toc":73434},[71668,71671,71676,71682,71684,71754,71760,71764,71769,71790,71793,71860,71862,71883,71891,71893,71912,71928,71930,71995,71997,72022,72024,72026,72091,72093,72118,72120,72134,72137,72190,72192,72213,72217,72225,72298,72300,72333,72339,72345,72436,72438,72463,72469,72558,72560,72584,72586,72590,72645,72647,72679,72682,72685,72779,72781,72814,72820,72826,72830,72837,72863,72867,72932,72934,72959,72963,73044,73046,73075,73080,73085,73091,73095,73102,73124,73128,73187,73189,73213,73222,73227,73229,73233,73262,73264,73339,73342,73356,73362,73364,73368,73371,73375,73380,73384,73393,73397,73405,73407,73431],[10,71669,71665],{"id":71670},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71672,2191,71673,71675],{},[18,71674,55019],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71677,71678,71679,71681],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3946,71680,1632],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[48,71683,51],{"id":50},[53,71685,71687],{"className":55,"code":71686,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71688,71689,71721,71739,71749],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71690,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71692,90],{"class":68},[62,71694,73],{"class":72},[62,71696,96],{"class":95},[62,71698,259],{"class":76},[62,71700,901],{"class":80},[62,71702,259],{"class":76},[62,71704,103],{"class":95},[62,71706,77],{"class":76},[62,71708,910],{"class":80},[62,71710,259],{"class":76},[62,71712,103],{"class":95},[62,71714,77],{"class":76},[62,71716,33383],{"class":80},[62,71718,259],{"class":76},[62,71720,114],{"class":95},[62,71722,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71724,161],{"class":68},[62,71726,409],{"class":95},[62,71728,34956],{"class":139},[62,71730,131],{"class":95},[62,71732,259],{"class":76},[62,71734,910],{"class":80},[62,71736,259],{"class":76},[62,71738,434],{"class":95},[62,71740,71741,71743,71745,71747],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,71742,128],{"class":127},[62,71744,131],{"class":95},[62,71746,161],{"class":139},[62,71748,434],{"class":95},[62,71750,71751],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,71752,71753],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71755,169,71756,71759],{},[18,71757,71758],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[48,71761,71763],{"id":71762},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71765,71766,71768],{},[18,71767,55473],{}," is a list method that:",[29,71770,71771,71777,71782,71787],{},[32,71772,71773,71774,71776],{},"Deletes the ",[3946,71775,30070],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[32,71778,71779,71780],{},"Changes the original list ",[3946,71781,11506],{},[32,71783,12875,71784,71786],{},[3946,71785,4830],{}," return a new list",[32,71788,71789],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71791,71792],{},"This is important for beginners:",[53,71794,71796],{"className":55,"code":71795,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,71797,71798,71818,71836,71840,71850],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71799,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71801,225],{"class":68},[62,71803,73],{"class":72},[62,71805,96],{"class":95},[62,71807,499],{"class":99},[62,71809,103],{"class":95},[62,71811,284],{"class":99},[62,71813,103],{"class":95},[62,71815,508],{"class":99},[62,71817,114],{"class":95},[62,71819,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71821,2435],{"class":68},[62,71823,73],{"class":72},[62,71825,4462],{"class":68},[62,71827,409],{"class":95},[62,71829,34956],{"class":139},[62,71831,131],{"class":95},[62,71833,1935],{"class":99},[62,71835,434],{"class":95},[62,71837,71838],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,71839,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,71841,71842,71844,71846,71848],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,71843,128],{"class":127},[62,71845,131],{"class":95},[62,71847,348],{"class":139},[62,71849,434],{"class":95},[62,71851,71852,71854,71856,71858],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,71853,128],{"class":127},[62,71855,131],{"class":95},[62,71857,2470],{"class":139},[62,71859,434],{"class":95},[14,71861,2282],{},[53,71863,71865],{"className":55,"code":71864,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,71866,71867,71879],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71868,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71870,948],{"class":95},[62,71872,499],{"class":99},[62,71874,103],{"class":95},[62,71876,508],{"class":99},[62,71878,114],{"class":95},[62,71880,71881],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71882,11979],{"class":1618},[14,71884,71885,71886,71888,71889,409],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,71887,55473],{}," itself returned ",[18,71890,1548],{},[48,71892,5629],{"id":5628},[53,71894,71896],{"className":55,"code":71895,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,71897,71898],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71899,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71901,8276],{"class":430},[62,71903,409],{"class":95},[62,71905,34956],{"class":139},[62,71907,131],{"class":95},[62,71909,1632],{"class":139},[62,71911,434],{"class":95},[29,71913,71914,71919,71922],{},[32,71915,71916,71918],{},[18,71917,1632],{}," is the item you want to delete",[32,71920,71921],{},"Python searches from left to right",[32,71923,71924,71925,71927],{},"Only the ",[3946,71926,30070],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71929,201],{},[53,71931,71933],{"className":55,"code":71932,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,71934,71935,71967,71985],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,71936,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,71938,36253],{"class":68},[62,71940,73],{"class":72},[62,71942,96],{"class":95},[62,71944,259],{"class":76},[62,71946,262],{"class":80},[62,71948,259],{"class":76},[62,71950,103],{"class":95},[62,71952,77],{"class":76},[62,71954,277],{"class":80},[62,71956,259],{"class":76},[62,71958,103],{"class":95},[62,71960,77],{"class":76},[62,71962,9912],{"class":80},[62,71964,259],{"class":76},[62,71966,114],{"class":95},[62,71968,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,71970,582],{"class":68},[62,71972,409],{"class":95},[62,71974,34956],{"class":139},[62,71976,131],{"class":95},[62,71978,259],{"class":76},[62,71980,277],{"class":80},[62,71982,259],{"class":76},[62,71984,434],{"class":95},[62,71986,71987,71989,71991,71993],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,71988,128],{"class":127},[62,71990,131],{"class":95},[62,71992,582],{"class":139},[62,71994,434],{"class":95},[14,71996,2282],{},[53,71998,72000],{"className":55,"code":71999,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,72001,72002],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72003,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72005,948],{"class":95},[62,72007,3503],{"class":76},[62,72009,262],{"class":80},[62,72011,3503],{"class":76},[62,72013,103],{"class":95},[62,72015,3498],{"class":76},[62,72017,9912],{"class":80},[62,72019,3503],{"class":76},[62,72021,114],{"class":95},[48,72023,5983],{"id":5982},[14,72025,65121],{},[53,72027,72029],{"className":55,"code":72028,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,72030,72031,72063,72081],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72032,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72034,788],{"class":68},[62,72036,73],{"class":72},[62,72038,96],{"class":95},[62,72040,259],{"class":76},[62,72042,797],{"class":80},[62,72044,259],{"class":76},[62,72046,103],{"class":95},[62,72048,77],{"class":76},[62,72050,815],{"class":80},[62,72052,259],{"class":76},[62,72054,103],{"class":95},[62,72056,77],{"class":76},[62,72058,806],{"class":80},[62,72060,259],{"class":76},[62,72062,114],{"class":95},[62,72064,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,72066,832],{"class":68},[62,72068,409],{"class":95},[62,72070,34956],{"class":139},[62,72072,131],{"class":95},[62,72074,259],{"class":76},[62,72076,815],{"class":80},[62,72078,259],{"class":76},[62,72080,434],{"class":95},[62,72082,72083,72085,72087,72089],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,72084,128],{"class":127},[62,72086,131],{"class":95},[62,72088,832],{"class":139},[62,72090,434],{"class":95},[14,72092,2282],{},[53,72094,72096],{"className":55,"code":72095,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,72097,72098],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72099,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72101,948],{"class":95},[62,72103,3503],{"class":76},[62,72105,797],{"class":80},[62,72107,3503],{"class":76},[62,72109,103],{"class":95},[62,72111,3498],{"class":76},[62,72113,806],{"class":80},[62,72115,3503],{"class":76},[62,72117,114],{"class":95},[14,72119,11854],{},[29,72121,72122,72125,72131],{},[32,72123,72124],{},"A list is created with three values",[32,72126,72127,72130],{},[18,72128,72129],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[32,72132,72133],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72135,72136],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[53,72138,72140],{"className":55,"code":72139,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,72141,72142,72166,72180],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72143,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72145,969],{"class":68},[62,72147,73],{"class":72},[62,72149,96],{"class":95},[62,72151,100],{"class":99},[62,72153,103],{"class":95},[62,72155,106],{"class":99},[62,72157,103],{"class":95},[62,72159,111],{"class":99},[62,72161,103],{"class":95},[62,72163,244],{"class":99},[62,72165,114],{"class":95},[62,72167,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,72169,1010],{"class":68},[62,72171,409],{"class":95},[62,72173,34956],{"class":139},[62,72175,131],{"class":95},[62,72177,37003],{"class":99},[62,72179,434],{"class":95},[62,72181,72182,72184,72186,72188],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,72183,128],{"class":127},[62,72185,131],{"class":95},[62,72187,1010],{"class":139},[62,72189,434],{"class":95},[14,72191,2282],{},[53,72193,72195],{"className":55,"code":72194,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,72196,72197],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72198,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72200,948],{"class":95},[62,72202,100],{"class":99},[62,72204,103],{"class":95},[62,72206,106],{"class":99},[62,72208,103],{"class":95},[62,72210,244],{"class":99},[62,72212,114],{"class":95},[48,72214,72216],{"id":72215},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72218,65111,72219,72221,72222,72224],{},[18,72220,55473],{}," deletes only the ",[3946,72223,30070],{}," one.",[53,72226,72228],{"className":55,"code":72227,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72229,72230,72270,72288],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72231,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72233,90],{"class":68},[62,72235,73],{"class":72},[62,72237,96],{"class":95},[62,72239,259],{"class":76},[62,72241,901],{"class":80},[62,72243,259],{"class":76},[62,72245,103],{"class":95},[62,72247,77],{"class":76},[62,72249,910],{"class":80},[62,72251,259],{"class":76},[62,72253,103],{"class":95},[62,72255,77],{"class":76},[62,72257,901],{"class":80},[62,72259,259],{"class":76},[62,72261,103],{"class":95},[62,72263,77],{"class":76},[62,72265,33383],{"class":80},[62,72267,259],{"class":76},[62,72269,114],{"class":95},[62,72271,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,72273,161],{"class":68},[62,72275,409],{"class":95},[62,72277,34956],{"class":139},[62,72279,131],{"class":95},[62,72281,259],{"class":76},[62,72283,901],{"class":80},[62,72285,259],{"class":76},[62,72287,434],{"class":95},[62,72289,72290,72292,72294,72296],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,72291,128],{"class":127},[62,72293,131],{"class":95},[62,72295,161],{"class":139},[62,72297,434],{"class":95},[14,72299,2282],{},[53,72301,72303],{"className":55,"code":72302,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72304,72305],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72306,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72308,948],{"class":95},[62,72310,3503],{"class":76},[62,72312,910],{"class":80},[62,72314,3503],{"class":76},[62,72316,103],{"class":95},[62,72318,3498],{"class":76},[62,72320,901],{"class":80},[62,72322,3503],{"class":76},[62,72324,103],{"class":95},[62,72326,3498],{"class":76},[62,72328,33383],{"class":80},[62,72330,3503],{"class":76},[62,72332,114],{"class":95},[14,72334,72335,72336,72338],{},"Only the first ",[18,72337,57778],{}," was removed.",[14,72340,72341,72342,72344],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,72343,55473],{}," again:",[53,72346,72348],{"className":55,"code":72347,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72349,72350,72390,72408,72426],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72351,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72353,90],{"class":68},[62,72355,73],{"class":72},[62,72357,96],{"class":95},[62,72359,259],{"class":76},[62,72361,901],{"class":80},[62,72363,259],{"class":76},[62,72365,103],{"class":95},[62,72367,77],{"class":76},[62,72369,910],{"class":80},[62,72371,259],{"class":76},[62,72373,103],{"class":95},[62,72375,77],{"class":76},[62,72377,901],{"class":80},[62,72379,259],{"class":76},[62,72381,103],{"class":95},[62,72383,77],{"class":76},[62,72385,33383],{"class":80},[62,72387,259],{"class":76},[62,72389,114],{"class":95},[62,72391,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,72393,161],{"class":68},[62,72395,409],{"class":95},[62,72397,34956],{"class":139},[62,72399,131],{"class":95},[62,72401,259],{"class":76},[62,72403,901],{"class":80},[62,72405,259],{"class":76},[62,72407,434],{"class":95},[62,72409,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,72411,161],{"class":68},[62,72413,409],{"class":95},[62,72415,34956],{"class":139},[62,72417,131],{"class":95},[62,72419,259],{"class":76},[62,72421,901],{"class":80},[62,72423,259],{"class":76},[62,72425,434],{"class":95},[62,72427,72428,72430,72432,72434],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,72429,128],{"class":127},[62,72431,131],{"class":95},[62,72433,161],{"class":139},[62,72435,434],{"class":95},[14,72437,2282],{},[53,72439,72441],{"className":55,"code":72440,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72442,72443],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72444,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459,72461],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72446,948],{"class":95},[62,72448,3503],{"class":76},[62,72450,910],{"class":80},[62,72452,3503],{"class":76},[62,72454,103],{"class":95},[62,72456,3498],{"class":76},[62,72458,33383],{"class":80},[62,72460,3503],{"class":76},[62,72462,114],{"class":95},[14,72464,72465,72466,72468],{},"If you need to remove ",[3946,72467,3918],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[53,72470,72472],{"className":55,"code":72471,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72473,72474,72514,72548],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72475,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72477,90],{"class":68},[62,72479,73],{"class":72},[62,72481,96],{"class":95},[62,72483,259],{"class":76},[62,72485,901],{"class":80},[62,72487,259],{"class":76},[62,72489,103],{"class":95},[62,72491,77],{"class":76},[62,72493,910],{"class":80},[62,72495,259],{"class":76},[62,72497,103],{"class":95},[62,72499,77],{"class":76},[62,72501,901],{"class":80},[62,72503,259],{"class":76},[62,72505,103],{"class":95},[62,72507,77],{"class":76},[62,72509,33383],{"class":80},[62,72511,259],{"class":76},[62,72513,114],{"class":95},[62,72515,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72533,72535,72537,72540,72542,72544,72546],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,72517,90],{"class":68},[62,72519,73],{"class":72},[62,72521,96],{"class":95},[62,72523,28699],{"class":68},[62,72525,6154],{"class":729},[62,72527,6157],{"class":68},[62,72529,4082],{"class":729},[62,72531,72532],{"class":68}," items ",[62,72534,730],{"class":729},[62,72536,6157],{"class":68},[62,72538,72539],{"class":72},"!=",[62,72541,77],{"class":76},[62,72543,901],{"class":80},[62,72545,259],{"class":76},[62,72547,114],{"class":95},[62,72549,72550,72552,72554,72556],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,72551,128],{"class":127},[62,72553,131],{"class":95},[62,72555,161],{"class":139},[62,72557,434],{"class":95},[14,72559,2282],{},[53,72561,72562],{"className":55,"code":72440,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,72563,72564],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72565,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72567,948],{"class":95},[62,72569,3503],{"class":76},[62,72571,910],{"class":80},[62,72573,3503],{"class":76},[62,72575,103],{"class":95},[62,72577,3498],{"class":76},[62,72579,33383],{"class":80},[62,72581,3503],{"class":76},[62,72583,114],{"class":95},[48,72585,65577],{"id":65576},[14,72587,65580,72588,409],{},[18,72589,40857],{},[53,72591,72593],{"className":55,"code":72592,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,72594,72595,72627],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72596,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72598,90],{"class":68},[62,72600,73],{"class":72},[62,72602,96],{"class":95},[62,72604,259],{"class":76},[62,72606,901],{"class":80},[62,72608,259],{"class":76},[62,72610,103],{"class":95},[62,72612,77],{"class":76},[62,72614,910],{"class":80},[62,72616,259],{"class":76},[62,72618,103],{"class":95},[62,72620,77],{"class":76},[62,72622,33383],{"class":80},[62,72624,259],{"class":76},[62,72626,114],{"class":95},[62,72628,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,72630,161],{"class":68},[62,72632,409],{"class":95},[62,72634,34956],{"class":139},[62,72636,131],{"class":95},[62,72638,259],{"class":76},[62,72640,22694],{"class":80},[62,72642,259],{"class":76},[62,72644,434],{"class":95},[14,72646,2282],{},[53,72648,72650],{"className":55,"code":72649,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,72651,72652],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72653,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72655,40857],{"class":430},[62,72657,267],{"class":95},[62,72659,1733],{"class":430},[62,72661,409],{"class":95},[62,72663,34956],{"class":139},[62,72665,131],{"class":95},[62,72667,552],{"class":139},[62,72669,16618],{"class":95},[62,72671,4079],{"class":68},[62,72673,4830],{"class":72},[62,72675,21336],{"class":72},[62,72677,72678],{"class":430}," list\n",[14,72680,72681],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72683,72684],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[53,72686,72688],{"className":55,"code":72687,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,72689,72690,72722,72734,72738,72750,72765,72769],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72691,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72693,90],{"class":68},[62,72695,73],{"class":72},[62,72697,96],{"class":95},[62,72699,259],{"class":76},[62,72701,901],{"class":80},[62,72703,259],{"class":76},[62,72705,103],{"class":95},[62,72707,77],{"class":76},[62,72709,910],{"class":80},[62,72711,259],{"class":76},[62,72713,103],{"class":95},[62,72715,77],{"class":76},[62,72717,33383],{"class":80},[62,72719,259],{"class":76},[62,72721,114],{"class":95},[62,72723,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,72725,1613],{"class":68},[62,72727,73],{"class":72},[62,72729,77],{"class":76},[62,72731,22694],{"class":80},[62,72733,84],{"class":76},[62,72735,72736],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,72737,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,72739,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,72741,730],{"class":729},[62,72743,1788],{"class":68},[62,72745,4082],{"class":72},[62,72747,6162],{"class":68},[62,72749,749],{"class":95},[62,72751,72752,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,72753,72754],{"class":68},"    items",[62,72756,409],{"class":95},[62,72758,34956],{"class":139},[62,72760,131],{"class":95},[62,72762,1632],{"class":139},[62,72764,434],{"class":95},[62,72766,72767],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,72768,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,72770,72771,72773,72775,72777],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,72772,128],{"class":127},[62,72774,131],{"class":95},[62,72776,161],{"class":139},[62,72778,434],{"class":95},[14,72780,2282],{},[53,72782,72784],{"className":55,"code":72783,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72785,72786],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72787,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72789,948],{"class":95},[62,72791,3503],{"class":76},[62,72793,901],{"class":80},[62,72795,3503],{"class":76},[62,72797,103],{"class":95},[62,72799,3498],{"class":76},[62,72801,910],{"class":80},[62,72803,3503],{"class":76},[62,72805,103],{"class":95},[62,72807,3498],{"class":76},[62,72809,33383],{"class":80},[62,72811,3503],{"class":76},[62,72813,114],{"class":95},[14,72815,72816,72817,72819],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,72818,55473],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72821,72822,72823,409],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[262,72824,65786],{"href":72825},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[48,72827,72829],{"id":72828},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72831,72832,1940,72834,72836],{},[18,72833,55473],{},[18,72835,12934],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[29,72838,72839,72846,72852,72858],{},[32,72840,72841,72843,72844],{},[18,72842,55473],{}," deletes by ",[3946,72845,1632],{},[32,72847,72848,72843,72850],{},[18,72849,12934],{},[3946,72851,36008],{},[32,72853,72854,2602,72856],{},[18,72855,55473],{},[18,72857,1548],{},[32,72859,72860,72862],{},[18,72861,12934],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72864,46192,72865,267],{},[18,72866,55473],{},[53,72868,72870],{"className":55,"code":72869,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72871,72872,72904,72922],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72873,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72875,90],{"class":68},[62,72877,73],{"class":72},[62,72879,96],{"class":95},[62,72881,259],{"class":76},[62,72883,901],{"class":80},[62,72885,259],{"class":76},[62,72887,103],{"class":95},[62,72889,77],{"class":76},[62,72891,910],{"class":80},[62,72893,259],{"class":76},[62,72895,103],{"class":95},[62,72897,77],{"class":76},[62,72899,33383],{"class":80},[62,72901,259],{"class":76},[62,72903,114],{"class":95},[62,72905,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,72907,161],{"class":68},[62,72909,409],{"class":95},[62,72911,34956],{"class":139},[62,72913,131],{"class":95},[62,72915,259],{"class":76},[62,72917,910],{"class":80},[62,72919,259],{"class":76},[62,72921,434],{"class":95},[62,72923,72924,72926,72928,72930],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,72925,128],{"class":127},[62,72927,131],{"class":95},[62,72929,161],{"class":139},[62,72931,434],{"class":95},[14,72933,2282],{},[53,72935,72937],{"className":55,"code":72936,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72938,72939],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72942,948],{"class":95},[62,72944,3503],{"class":76},[62,72946,901],{"class":80},[62,72948,3503],{"class":76},[62,72950,103],{"class":95},[62,72952,3498],{"class":76},[62,72954,33383],{"class":80},[62,72956,3503],{"class":76},[62,72958,114],{"class":95},[14,72960,46192,72961,267],{},[18,72962,12934],{},[53,72964,72966],{"className":55,"code":72965,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,72967,72968,73000,73019,73023,73033],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,72969,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,72971,90],{"class":68},[62,72973,73],{"class":72},[62,72975,96],{"class":95},[62,72977,259],{"class":76},[62,72979,901],{"class":80},[62,72981,259],{"class":76},[62,72983,103],{"class":95},[62,72985,77],{"class":76},[62,72987,910],{"class":80},[62,72989,259],{"class":76},[62,72991,103],{"class":95},[62,72993,77],{"class":76},[62,72995,33383],{"class":80},[62,72997,259],{"class":76},[62,72999,114],{"class":95},[62,73001,73002,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73003,73004],{"class":68},"removed_item ",[62,73006,73],{"class":72},[62,73008,6162],{"class":68},[62,73010,409],{"class":95},[62,73012,26402],{"class":139},[62,73014,131],{"class":95},[62,73016,499],{"class":99},[62,73018,434],{"class":95},[62,73020,73021],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,73022,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,73024,73025,73027,73029,73031],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,73026,128],{"class":127},[62,73028,131],{"class":95},[62,73030,161],{"class":139},[62,73032,434],{"class":95},[62,73034,73035,73037,73039,73042],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,73036,128],{"class":127},[62,73038,131],{"class":95},[62,73040,73041],{"class":139},"removed_item",[62,73043,434],{"class":95},[14,73045,2282],{},[53,73047,73049],{"className":55,"code":73048,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,73050,73051,73071],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73052,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73054,948],{"class":95},[62,73056,3503],{"class":76},[62,73058,901],{"class":80},[62,73060,3503],{"class":76},[62,73062,103],{"class":95},[62,73064,3498],{"class":76},[62,73066,33383],{"class":80},[62,73068,3503],{"class":76},[62,73070,114],{"class":95},[62,73072,73073],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73074,70353],{"class":68},[14,73076,169,73077,73079],{},[18,73078,55473],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73081,169,73082,73084],{},[18,73083,12934],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73086,73087,73088,409],{},"For more detail, see the ",[262,73089,73090],{"href":55023},"Python list pop() method",[48,73092,73094],{"id":73093},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73096,73097,1940,73099,73101],{},[18,73098,55473],{},[18,73100,27186],{}," are also different.",[29,73103,73104,73109,73114,73119],{},[32,73105,73106,73108],{},[18,73107,55473],{}," deletes by matching value",[32,73110,73111,73113],{},[18,73112,27186],{}," deletes by index or slice",[32,73115,169,73116,73118],{},[18,73117,27186],{}," when you know the position",[32,73120,169,73121,73123],{},[18,73122,55473],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73125,46192,73126,267],{},[18,73127,27186],{},[53,73129,73131],{"className":55,"code":73130,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,73132,73133,73165,73177],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73134,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73136,90],{"class":68},[62,73138,73],{"class":72},[62,73140,96],{"class":95},[62,73142,259],{"class":76},[62,73144,901],{"class":80},[62,73146,259],{"class":76},[62,73148,103],{"class":95},[62,73150,77],{"class":76},[62,73152,910],{"class":80},[62,73154,259],{"class":76},[62,73156,103],{"class":95},[62,73158,77],{"class":76},[62,73160,33383],{"class":80},[62,73162,259],{"class":76},[62,73164,114],{"class":95},[62,73166,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73168,27186],{"class":729},[62,73170,6162],{"class":68},[62,73172,948],{"class":95},[62,73174,499],{"class":99},[62,73176,114],{"class":95},[62,73178,73179,73181,73183,73185],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,73180,128],{"class":127},[62,73182,131],{"class":95},[62,73184,161],{"class":139},[62,73186,434],{"class":95},[14,73188,2282],{},[53,73190,73191],{"className":55,"code":72936,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,73192,73193],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73194,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73196,948],{"class":95},[62,73198,3503],{"class":76},[62,73200,901],{"class":80},[62,73202,3503],{"class":76},[62,73204,103],{"class":95},[62,73206,3498],{"class":76},[62,73208,33383],{"class":80},[62,73210,3503],{"class":76},[62,73212,114],{"class":95},[14,73214,73215,73216,73218,73219,73221],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,73217,499],{},", not the value ",[18,73220,65221],{}," directly.",[14,73223,73224,73225,409],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[262,73226,55012],{"href":55011},[48,73228,1824],{"id":1823},[14,73230,21374,73231,267],{},[18,73232,55473],{},[29,73234,73235,73238,73243,73250,73259],{},[32,73236,73237],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[32,73239,8631,73240,73242],{},[18,73241,55473],{}," to delete all matching values",[32,73244,12765,73245,73247,73248],{},[18,73246,55473],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,73249,1548],{},[32,73251,1834,73252,44781,73254,2022,73256,73258],{},[18,73253,55473],{},[18,73255,12934],{},[18,73257,27186],{}," would be a better fit",[32,73260,73261],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73263,71453],{},[53,73265,73267],{"className":55,"code":73266,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,73268,73269,73279,73293,73311,73325],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73270,73271,73273,73275,73277],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73272,128],{"class":127},[62,73274,131],{"class":95},[62,73276,2069],{"class":139},[62,73278,434],{"class":95},[62,73280,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73282,128],{"class":127},[62,73284,131],{"class":95},[62,73286,1613],{"class":139},[62,73288,4082],{"class":729},[62,73290,8575],{"class":139},[62,73292,434],{"class":95},[62,73294,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,73296,128],{"class":127},[62,73298,131],{"class":95},[62,73300,2069],{"class":139},[62,73302,409],{"class":95},[62,73304,41411],{"class":139},[62,73306,131],{"class":95},[62,73308,1632],{"class":139},[62,73310,1013],{"class":95},[62,73312,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,73314,128],{"class":127},[62,73316,131],{"class":95},[62,73318,1690],{"class":430},[62,73320,131],{"class":95},[62,73322,2069],{"class":139},[62,73324,1013],{"class":95},[62,73326,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,73328,32314],{"class":127},[62,73330,131],{"class":95},[62,73332,8276],{"class":430},[62,73334,409],{"class":95},[62,73336,34956],{"class":24910},[62,73338,434],{"class":95},[14,73340,73341],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[29,73343,73344,73347,73350,73353],{},[32,73345,73346],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[32,73348,73349],{},"How many times does it appear?",[32,73351,73352],{},"Am I working with a list?",[32,73354,73355],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73357,73358,73359,73361],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[262,73360,71617],{"href":58910}," may also help.",[48,73363,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,73365,73367],{"id":73366},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73369,73370],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1256,73372,73374],{"id":73373},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73376,5346,73377,73379],{},[18,73378,1548],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1256,73381,73383],{"id":73382},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73385,73386,73387,73390,73391,409],{},"Check with ",[18,73388,73389],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,73392,55473],{},[1256,73394,73396],{"id":73395},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73398,169,73399,73401,73402,73404],{},[18,73400,55473],{}," for a value and ",[18,73403,12934],{}," for an index.",[48,73406,2109],{"id":2108},[29,73408,73409,73413,73417,73421,73425],{},[32,73410,73411],{},[262,73412,55459],{"href":55011},[32,73414,73415],{},[262,73416,73090],{"href":55023},[32,73418,73419],{},[262,73420,71617],{"href":58910},[32,73422,73423],{},[262,73424,65786],{"href":72825},[32,73426,73427],{},[262,73428,73430],{"href":73429},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2145,73432,73433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":73435},[73436,73437,73438,73439,73440,73441,73442,73443,73444,73445,73451],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":71762,"depth":87,"text":71763},{"id":5628,"depth":87,"text":5629},{"id":5982,"depth":87,"text":5983},{"id":72215,"depth":87,"text":72216},{"id":65576,"depth":87,"text":65577},{"id":72828,"depth":87,"text":72829},{"id":73093,"depth":87,"text":73094},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":73446},[73447,73448,73449,73450],{"id":73366,"depth":117,"text":73367},{"id":73373,"depth":117,"text":73374},{"id":73382,"depth":117,"text":73383},{"id":73395,"depth":117,"text":73396},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71665,"description":73452},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73459,"title":73460,"body":73461,"description":75352,"extension":2174,"meta":75353,"navigation":120,"path":75354,"seo":75355,"stem":75356,"__hash__":75357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73462,"toc":75322},[73463,73469,73475,73478,73489,73491,73540,73545,73550,73554,73569,73571,73636,73638,73679,73681,73683,73698,73700,73711,73713,73770,73772,73805,73807,73810,73859,73861,73886,73888,73904,73910,73917,73978,73980,74013,74018,74021,74101,74103,74164,74170,74174,74177,74241,74243,74268,74270,74290,74292,74341,74343,74364,74373,74376,74380,74385,74430,74432,74453,74459,74464,74472,74536,74538,74575,74581,74585,74592,74657,74659,74696,74700,74717,74727,74732,74737,74748,74755,74757,74763,74786,74789,74816,74821,74824,74925,74927,74982,74985,75092,75094,75165,75168,75194,75196,75201,75205,75213,75218,75223,75229,75234,75238,75241,75258,75261,75281,75289,75291,75319],[10,73464,54286,73466,11494],{"id":73465},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73467,73468],{},"reverse()",[14,73470,73471,73474],{},[18,73472,73473],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73476,73477],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73479,73480,73481,73483,73484,73488],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73482,73468],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[262,73485,73487],{"href":73486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[48,73490,3813],{"id":3812},[53,73492,73494],{"className":55,"code":73493,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73495,73496,73516,73527],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73497,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73499,225],{"class":68},[62,73501,73],{"class":72},[62,73503,96],{"class":95},[62,73505,499],{"class":99},[62,73507,103],{"class":95},[62,73509,284],{"class":99},[62,73511,103],{"class":95},[62,73513,508],{"class":99},[62,73515,114],{"class":95},[62,73517,73518,73520,73522,73525],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73519,348],{"class":68},[62,73521,409],{"class":95},[62,73523,73524],{"class":139},"reverse",[62,73526,8822],{"class":95},[62,73528,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,73530,128],{"class":127},[62,73532,131],{"class":95},[62,73534,348],{"class":139},[62,73536,741],{"class":95},[62,73538,73539],{"class":146},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73541,73542,73544],{},[18,73543,73468],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[48,73546,3879,73548,3882],{"id":73547},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73549,73473],{},[14,73551,73552,267],{},[18,73553,73473],{},[29,73555,73556,73559,73562,73566],{},[32,73557,73558],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[32,73560,73561],{},"Changes the original list directly",[32,73563,11596,73564],{},[18,73565,1548],{},[32,73567,73568],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73570,201],{},[53,73572,73574],{"className":55,"code":73573,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73575,73576,73616,73626],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73577,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73579,36253],{"class":68},[62,73581,73],{"class":72},[62,73583,96],{"class":95},[62,73585,259],{"class":76},[62,73587,262],{"class":80},[62,73589,259],{"class":76},[62,73591,103],{"class":95},[62,73593,77],{"class":76},[62,73595,277],{"class":80},[62,73597,259],{"class":76},[62,73599,103],{"class":95},[62,73601,77],{"class":76},[62,73603,9912],{"class":80},[62,73605,259],{"class":76},[62,73607,103],{"class":95},[62,73609,77],{"class":76},[62,73611,18931],{"class":80},[62,73613,259],{"class":76},[62,73615,114],{"class":95},[62,73617,73618,73620,73622,73624],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73619,582],{"class":68},[62,73621,409],{"class":95},[62,73623,73524],{"class":139},[62,73625,8822],{"class":95},[62,73627,73628,73630,73632,73634],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,73629,128],{"class":127},[62,73631,131],{"class":95},[62,73633,582],{"class":139},[62,73635,434],{"class":95},[14,73637,2282],{},[53,73639,73641],{"className":55,"code":73640,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73642,73643],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73644,73645,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73646,948],{"class":95},[62,73648,3503],{"class":76},[62,73650,18931],{"class":80},[62,73652,3503],{"class":76},[62,73654,103],{"class":95},[62,73656,3498],{"class":76},[62,73658,9912],{"class":80},[62,73660,3503],{"class":76},[62,73662,103],{"class":95},[62,73664,3498],{"class":76},[62,73666,277],{"class":80},[62,73668,3503],{"class":76},[62,73670,103],{"class":95},[62,73672,3498],{"class":76},[62,73674,262],{"class":80},[62,73676,3503],{"class":76},[62,73678,114],{"class":95},[48,73680,413],{"id":412},[14,73682,416],{},[53,73684,73686],{"className":55,"code":73685,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73687,73688],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73689,73690,73692,73694,73696],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73691,2069],{"class":68},[62,73693,409],{"class":95},[62,73695,73524],{"class":139},[62,73697,8822],{"class":95},[14,73699,13222],{},[29,73701,73702,73705,73708],{},[32,73703,73704],{},"No arguments are needed",[32,73706,73707],{},"You call it on an existing list",[32,73709,73710],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73712,201],{},[53,73714,73716],{"className":55,"code":73715,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73717,73718,73750,73760],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73719,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73721,788],{"class":68},[62,73723,73],{"class":72},[62,73725,96],{"class":95},[62,73727,259],{"class":76},[62,73729,797],{"class":80},[62,73731,259],{"class":76},[62,73733,103],{"class":95},[62,73735,77],{"class":76},[62,73737,806],{"class":80},[62,73739,259],{"class":76},[62,73741,103],{"class":95},[62,73743,77],{"class":76},[62,73745,815],{"class":80},[62,73747,259],{"class":76},[62,73749,114],{"class":95},[62,73751,73752,73754,73756,73758],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73753,832],{"class":68},[62,73755,409],{"class":95},[62,73757,73524],{"class":139},[62,73759,8822],{"class":95},[62,73761,73762,73764,73766,73768],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,73763,128],{"class":127},[62,73765,131],{"class":95},[62,73767,832],{"class":139},[62,73769,434],{"class":95},[14,73771,2282],{},[53,73773,73775],{"className":55,"code":73774,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73776,73777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73778,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73780,948],{"class":95},[62,73782,3503],{"class":76},[62,73784,815],{"class":80},[62,73786,3503],{"class":76},[62,73788,103],{"class":95},[62,73790,3498],{"class":76},[62,73792,806],{"class":80},[62,73794,3503],{"class":76},[62,73796,103],{"class":95},[62,73798,3498],{"class":76},[62,73800,797],{"class":80},[62,73802,3503],{"class":76},[62,73804,114],{"class":95},[48,73806,11648],{"id":11647},[14,73808,73809],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[53,73811,73813],{"className":55,"code":73812,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73814,73815,73839,73849],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73816,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73818,225],{"class":68},[62,73820,73],{"class":72},[62,73822,96],{"class":95},[62,73824,100],{"class":99},[62,73826,103],{"class":95},[62,73828,106],{"class":99},[62,73830,103],{"class":95},[62,73832,111],{"class":99},[62,73834,103],{"class":95},[62,73836,244],{"class":99},[62,73838,114],{"class":95},[62,73840,73841,73843,73845,73847],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73842,348],{"class":68},[62,73844,409],{"class":95},[62,73846,73524],{"class":139},[62,73848,8822],{"class":95},[62,73850,73851,73853,73855,73857],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,73852,128],{"class":127},[62,73854,131],{"class":95},[62,73856,348],{"class":139},[62,73858,434],{"class":95},[14,73860,2282],{},[53,73862,73864],{"className":55,"code":73863,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,73865,73866],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73867,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73869,948],{"class":95},[62,73871,56637],{"class":99},[62,73873,103],{"class":95},[62,73875,111],{"class":99},[62,73877,103],{"class":95},[62,73879,106],{"class":99},[62,73881,103],{"class":95},[62,73883,6200],{"class":99},[62,73885,114],{"class":95},[14,73887,11854],{},[29,73889,73890,73896,73901],{},[32,73891,73892,73893],{},"The list starts as ",[18,73894,73895],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[32,73897,73898,73900],{},[18,73899,73468],{}," flips the order",[32,73902,73903],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[48,73905,73907,73909],{"id":73906},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,73908,73468],{}," changes the original list",[14,73911,73912,73913,73916],{},"This method is ",[3946,73914,73915],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[53,73918,73920],{"className":55,"code":73919,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,73921,73922,73954,73964,73968],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73923,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73925,36400],{"class":68},[62,73927,73],{"class":72},[62,73929,96],{"class":95},[62,73931,259],{"class":76},[62,73933,901],{"class":80},[62,73935,259],{"class":76},[62,73937,103],{"class":95},[62,73939,77],{"class":76},[62,73941,910],{"class":80},[62,73943,259],{"class":76},[62,73945,103],{"class":95},[62,73947,77],{"class":76},[62,73949,4295],{"class":80},[62,73951,259],{"class":76},[62,73953,114],{"class":95},[62,73955,73956,73958,73960,73962],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,73957,36452],{"class":68},[62,73959,409],{"class":95},[62,73961,73524],{"class":139},[62,73963,8822],{"class":95},[62,73965,73966],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,73967,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,73969,73970,73972,73974,73976],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,73971,128],{"class":127},[62,73973,131],{"class":95},[62,73975,36452],{"class":139},[62,73977,434],{"class":95},[14,73979,2282],{},[53,73981,73983],{"className":55,"code":73982,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73984,73985],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,73986,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,73988,948],{"class":95},[62,73990,3503],{"class":76},[62,73992,4295],{"class":80},[62,73994,3503],{"class":76},[62,73996,103],{"class":95},[62,73998,3498],{"class":76},[62,74000,910],{"class":80},[62,74002,3503],{"class":76},[62,74004,103],{"class":95},[62,74006,3498],{"class":76},[62,74008,901],{"class":80},[62,74010,3503],{"class":76},[62,74012,114],{"class":95},[14,74014,169,74015,74017],{},[18,74016,73468],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74019,74020],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[53,74022,74024],{"className":55,"code":74023,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,74025,74026,74058,74076,74080,74090],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74027,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054,74056],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74029,36400],{"class":68},[62,74031,73],{"class":72},[62,74033,96],{"class":95},[62,74035,259],{"class":76},[62,74037,901],{"class":80},[62,74039,259],{"class":76},[62,74041,103],{"class":95},[62,74043,77],{"class":76},[62,74045,910],{"class":80},[62,74047,259],{"class":76},[62,74049,103],{"class":95},[62,74051,77],{"class":76},[62,74053,4295],{"class":80},[62,74055,259],{"class":76},[62,74057,114],{"class":95},[62,74059,74060,74063,74065,74067,74070,74072,74074],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74061,74062],{"class":68},"reversed_fruits ",[62,74064,73],{"class":72},[62,74066,52795],{"class":68},[62,74068,74069],{"class":95},"[::",[62,74071,2233],{"class":72},[62,74073,499],{"class":99},[62,74075,114],{"class":95},[62,74077,74078],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,74079,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,74081,74082,74084,74086,74088],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,74083,128],{"class":127},[62,74085,131],{"class":95},[62,74087,36452],{"class":139},[62,74089,434],{"class":95},[62,74091,74092,74094,74096,74099],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,74093,128],{"class":127},[62,74095,131],{"class":95},[62,74097,74098],{"class":139},"reversed_fruits",[62,74100,434],{"class":95},[14,74102,2282],{},[53,74104,74106],{"className":55,"code":74105,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74107,74108,74136],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74109,74110,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74111,948],{"class":95},[62,74113,3503],{"class":76},[62,74115,901],{"class":80},[62,74117,3503],{"class":76},[62,74119,103],{"class":95},[62,74121,3498],{"class":76},[62,74123,910],{"class":80},[62,74125,3503],{"class":76},[62,74127,103],{"class":95},[62,74129,3498],{"class":76},[62,74131,4295],{"class":80},[62,74133,3503],{"class":76},[62,74135,114],{"class":95},[62,74137,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74139,948],{"class":95},[62,74141,3503],{"class":76},[62,74143,4295],{"class":80},[62,74145,3503],{"class":76},[62,74147,103],{"class":95},[62,74149,3498],{"class":76},[62,74151,910],{"class":80},[62,74153,3503],{"class":76},[62,74155,103],{"class":95},[62,74157,3498],{"class":76},[62,74159,901],{"class":80},[62,74161,3503],{"class":76},[62,74163,114],{"class":95},[14,74165,74166,74167,409],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[262,74168,74169],{"href":73486},"Python list slicing explained",[48,74171,74173],{"id":74172},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74175,74176],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[53,74178,74180],{"className":55,"code":74179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74181,74182,74202,74216,74220,74231],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74183,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74185,225],{"class":68},[62,74187,73],{"class":72},[62,74189,96],{"class":95},[62,74191,499],{"class":99},[62,74193,103],{"class":95},[62,74195,284],{"class":99},[62,74197,103],{"class":95},[62,74199,508],{"class":99},[62,74201,114],{"class":95},[62,74203,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74205,55834],{"class":68},[62,74207,73],{"class":72},[62,74209,4462],{"class":68},[62,74211,409],{"class":95},[62,74213,73524],{"class":139},[62,74215,8822],{"class":95},[62,74217,74218],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,74219,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,74221,74222,74224,74226,74229],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,74223,128],{"class":127},[62,74225,131],{"class":95},[62,74227,74228],{"class":139},"new_list",[62,74230,434],{"class":95},[62,74232,74233,74235,74237,74239],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,74234,128],{"class":127},[62,74236,131],{"class":95},[62,74238,348],{"class":139},[62,74240,434],{"class":95},[14,74242,2282],{},[53,74244,74246],{"className":55,"code":74245,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74247,74248,74252],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74249,74250],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74251,11979],{"class":1618},[62,74253,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74255,948],{"class":95},[62,74257,2273],{"class":99},[62,74259,103],{"class":95},[62,74261,284],{"class":99},[62,74263,103],{"class":95},[62,74265,270],{"class":99},[62,74267,114],{"class":95},[14,74269,12071],{},[29,74271,74272,74280,74284],{},[32,74273,74274,74276,74277,74279],{},[18,74275,73468],{}," changes ",[18,74278,348],{}," directly",[32,74281,41059,74282,71786],{},[3946,74283,4830],{},[32,74285,53597,74286,42307,74288],{},[18,74287,74228],{},[18,74289,1548],{},[14,74291,61844],{},[53,74293,74295],{"className":55,"code":74294,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74296,74297,74317,74327,74331],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74298,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74300,225],{"class":68},[62,74302,73],{"class":72},[62,74304,96],{"class":95},[62,74306,499],{"class":99},[62,74308,103],{"class":95},[62,74310,284],{"class":99},[62,74312,103],{"class":95},[62,74314,508],{"class":99},[62,74316,114],{"class":95},[62,74318,74319,74321,74323,74325],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74320,348],{"class":68},[62,74322,409],{"class":95},[62,74324,73524],{"class":139},[62,74326,8822],{"class":95},[62,74328,74329],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,74330,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,74332,74333,74335,74337,74339],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,74334,128],{"class":127},[62,74336,131],{"class":95},[62,74338,348],{"class":139},[62,74340,434],{"class":95},[14,74342,2282],{},[53,74344,74346],{"className":55,"code":74345,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74347,74348],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74349,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74351,948],{"class":95},[62,74353,2273],{"class":99},[62,74355,103],{"class":95},[62,74357,284],{"class":99},[62,74359,103],{"class":95},[62,74361,270],{"class":99},[62,74363,114],{"class":95},[48,74365,74367,10756,74369,74372],{"id":74366},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,74368,73468],{},[18,74370,74371],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74374,74375],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1256,74377,74378],{"id":73524},[18,74379,73468],{},[14,74381,74382,74384],{},[18,74383,73468],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[53,74386,74388],{"className":55,"code":74387,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74389,74390,74410,74420],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74391,74392,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74393,225],{"class":68},[62,74395,73],{"class":72},[62,74397,96],{"class":95},[62,74399,2273],{"class":99},[62,74401,103],{"class":95},[62,74403,270],{"class":99},[62,74405,103],{"class":95},[62,74407,284],{"class":99},[62,74409,114],{"class":95},[62,74411,74412,74414,74416,74418],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74413,348],{"class":68},[62,74415,409],{"class":95},[62,74417,73524],{"class":139},[62,74419,8822],{"class":95},[62,74421,74422,74424,74426,74428],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,74423,128],{"class":127},[62,74425,131],{"class":95},[62,74427,348],{"class":139},[62,74429,434],{"class":95},[14,74431,2282],{},[53,74433,74435],{"className":55,"code":74434,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74436,74437],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74438,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74440,948],{"class":95},[62,74442,1935],{"class":99},[62,74444,103],{"class":95},[62,74446,270],{"class":99},[62,74448,103],{"class":95},[62,74450,508],{"class":99},[62,74452,114],{"class":95},[14,74454,74455,74456,74458],{},"Notice that this is ",[3946,74457,4830],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1256,74460,74462],{"id":74461},"sorted",[18,74463,74371],{},[14,74465,74466,74471],{},[262,74467,74469],{"href":74468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74470,74371],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[53,74473,74475],{"className":55,"code":74474,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74476,74477,74497,74512,74516,74526],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74480,225],{"class":68},[62,74482,73],{"class":72},[62,74484,96],{"class":95},[62,74486,2273],{"class":99},[62,74488,103],{"class":95},[62,74490,270],{"class":99},[62,74492,103],{"class":95},[62,74494,284],{"class":99},[62,74496,114],{"class":95},[62,74498,74499,74501,74503,74506,74508,74510],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74500,2435],{"class":68},[62,74502,73],{"class":72},[62,74504,74505],{"class":127}," sorted",[62,74507,131],{"class":95},[62,74509,348],{"class":139},[62,74511,434],{"class":95},[62,74513,74514],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,74515,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,74517,74518,74520,74522,74524],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,74519,128],{"class":127},[62,74521,131],{"class":95},[62,74523,348],{"class":139},[62,74525,434],{"class":95},[62,74527,74528,74530,74532,74534],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,74529,128],{"class":127},[62,74531,131],{"class":95},[62,74533,2470],{"class":139},[62,74535,434],{"class":95},[14,74537,2282],{},[53,74539,74541],{"className":55,"code":74540,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74542,74543,74559],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74544,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74546,948],{"class":95},[62,74548,2273],{"class":99},[62,74550,103],{"class":95},[62,74552,270],{"class":99},[62,74554,103],{"class":95},[62,74556,284],{"class":99},[62,74558,114],{"class":95},[62,74560,74561,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74562,948],{"class":95},[62,74564,499],{"class":99},[62,74566,103],{"class":95},[62,74568,284],{"class":99},[62,74570,103],{"class":95},[62,74572,508],{"class":99},[62,74574,114],{"class":95},[14,74576,74577,74578,409],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74579,74580],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1256,74582,74584],{"id":74583},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74586,74587,74588,74591],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74589,74590],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[53,74593,74595],{"className":55,"code":74594,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74596,74597,74617,74633,74637,74647],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74598,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74600,225],{"class":68},[62,74602,73],{"class":72},[62,74604,96],{"class":95},[62,74606,2273],{"class":99},[62,74608,103],{"class":95},[62,74610,270],{"class":99},[62,74612,103],{"class":95},[62,74614,284],{"class":99},[62,74616,114],{"class":95},[62,74618,74619,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74620,2435],{"class":68},[62,74622,73],{"class":72},[62,74624,4462],{"class":68},[62,74626,74069],{"class":95},[62,74628,2233],{"class":72},[62,74630,499],{"class":99},[62,74632,114],{"class":95},[62,74634,74635],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,74636,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,74638,74639,74641,74643,74645],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,74640,128],{"class":127},[62,74642,131],{"class":95},[62,74644,348],{"class":139},[62,74646,434],{"class":95},[62,74648,74649,74651,74653,74655],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,74650,128],{"class":127},[62,74652,131],{"class":95},[62,74654,2470],{"class":139},[62,74656,434],{"class":95},[14,74658,2282],{},[53,74660,74662],{"className":55,"code":74661,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74663,74664,74680],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74665,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74667,948],{"class":95},[62,74669,2273],{"class":99},[62,74671,103],{"class":95},[62,74673,270],{"class":99},[62,74675,103],{"class":95},[62,74677,284],{"class":99},[62,74679,114],{"class":95},[62,74681,74682,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74683,948],{"class":95},[62,74685,1935],{"class":99},[62,74687,103],{"class":95},[62,74689,270],{"class":99},[62,74691,103],{"class":95},[62,74693,508],{"class":99},[62,74695,114],{"class":95},[1256,74697,74699],{"id":74698},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[29,74701,74702,74707,74712],{},[32,74703,169,74704,74706],{},[18,74705,73468],{}," when you want to change the original list",[32,74708,169,74709,74711],{},[18,74710,74590],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[32,74713,169,74714,74716],{},[18,74715,74371],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74718,74719,74720,74726],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[262,74721,74723,74724,10912],{"href":74722},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74725,64258],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[48,74728,5160,74730],{"id":74729},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,74731,73468],{},[14,74733,74734,74736],{},[18,74735,73468],{}," is a good choice:",[29,74738,74739,74742,74745],{},[32,74740,74741],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[32,74743,74744],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[32,74746,74747],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74749,74750,74751,409],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[262,74752,74754],{"href":74753},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[48,74756,1824],{"id":1823},[14,74758,74759,74760,74762],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74761,73468],{}," for these reasons:",[29,74764,74765,74769,74774,74779],{},[32,74766,12765,74767,12768],{},[18,74768,73468],{},[32,74770,8631,74771,74773],{},[18,74772,73468],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[32,74775,1834,74776,74778],{},[18,74777,73468],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[32,74780,37366,74781,8884,74783],{},[18,74782,73468],{},[18,74784,74785],{},"reversed()",[14,74787,74788],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[53,74790,74792],{"className":55,"code":74791,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74793,74794,74806],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74795,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74797,69],{"class":68},[62,74799,73],{"class":72},[62,74801,77],{"class":76},[62,74803,81],{"class":80},[62,74805,84],{"class":76},[62,74807,74808,74810,74812,74814],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74809,140],{"class":68},[62,74811,409],{"class":95},[62,74813,73524],{"class":139},[62,74815,8822],{"class":95},[14,74817,74818,74819,33763],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74820,73468],{},[14,74822,74823],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[53,74825,74827],{"className":55,"code":74826,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74828,74829,74849,74853,74863,74877,74881,74895,74905,74909],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74830,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74832,2050],{"class":68},[62,74834,73],{"class":72},[62,74836,96],{"class":95},[62,74838,499],{"class":99},[62,74840,103],{"class":95},[62,74842,284],{"class":99},[62,74844,103],{"class":95},[62,74846,508],{"class":99},[62,74848,114],{"class":95},[62,74850,74851],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74852,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,74854,74855,74857,74859,74861],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,74856,128],{"class":127},[62,74858,131],{"class":95},[62,74860,2069],{"class":139},[62,74862,434],{"class":95},[62,74864,74865,74867,74869,74871,74873,74875],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,74866,128],{"class":127},[62,74868,131],{"class":95},[62,74870,1690],{"class":430},[62,74872,131],{"class":95},[62,74874,2069],{"class":139},[62,74876,1013],{"class":95},[62,74878,74879],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,74880,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,74882,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,74884,2435],{"class":68},[62,74886,73],{"class":72},[62,74888,8575],{"class":68},[62,74890,409],{"class":95},[62,74892,73524],{"class":139},[62,74894,8822],{"class":95},[62,74896,74897,74899,74901,74903],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,74898,128],{"class":127},[62,74900,131],{"class":95},[62,74902,2470],{"class":139},[62,74904,434],{"class":95},[62,74906,74907],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,74908,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,74910,74911,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,74912,128],{"class":127},[62,74914,131],{"class":95},[62,74916,2069],{"class":139},[62,74918,74069],{"class":95},[62,74920,2233],{"class":72},[62,74922,499],{"class":99},[62,74924,4088],{"class":95},[14,74926,2282],{},[53,74928,74930],{"className":55,"code":74929,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,74931,74932,74948,74962,74966],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74933,74934,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944,74946],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74935,948],{"class":95},[62,74937,499],{"class":99},[62,74939,103],{"class":95},[62,74941,284],{"class":99},[62,74943,103],{"class":95},[62,74945,508],{"class":99},[62,74947,114],{"class":95},[62,74949,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,74951,3492],{"class":72},[62,74953,3495],{"class":2276},[62,74955,3498],{"class":76},[62,74957,8276],{"class":80},[62,74959,3503],{"class":76},[62,74961,3506],{"class":72},[62,74963,74964],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,74965,11979],{"class":1618},[62,74967,74968,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,74969,948],{"class":95},[62,74971,499],{"class":99},[62,74973,103],{"class":95},[62,74975,284],{"class":99},[62,74977,103],{"class":95},[62,74979,270],{"class":99},[62,74981,114],{"class":95},[14,74983,74984],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[53,74986,74988],{"className":55,"code":74987,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74989,74990,75010,75014,75024,75038,75042,75056,75066,75076],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,74991,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,74993,2050],{"class":68},[62,74995,73],{"class":72},[62,74997,96],{"class":95},[62,74999,499],{"class":99},[62,75001,103],{"class":95},[62,75003,284],{"class":99},[62,75005,103],{"class":95},[62,75007,508],{"class":99},[62,75009,114],{"class":95},[62,75011,75012],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,75013,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,75015,75016,75018,75020,75022],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,75017,128],{"class":127},[62,75019,131],{"class":95},[62,75021,2069],{"class":139},[62,75023,434],{"class":95},[62,75025,75026,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,75027,128],{"class":127},[62,75029,131],{"class":95},[62,75031,1690],{"class":430},[62,75033,131],{"class":95},[62,75035,2069],{"class":139},[62,75037,1013],{"class":95},[62,75039,75040],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,75041,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,75043,75044,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,75045,2435],{"class":68},[62,75047,73],{"class":72},[62,75049,8575],{"class":68},[62,75051,409],{"class":95},[62,75053,73524],{"class":139},[62,75055,8822],{"class":95},[62,75057,75058,75060,75062,75064],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,75059,128],{"class":127},[62,75061,131],{"class":95},[62,75063,2470],{"class":139},[62,75065,434],{"class":95},[62,75067,75068,75070,75072,75074],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,75069,128],{"class":127},[62,75071,131],{"class":95},[62,75073,2069],{"class":139},[62,75075,434],{"class":95},[62,75077,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088,75090],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,75079,128],{"class":127},[62,75081,131],{"class":95},[62,75083,2069],{"class":139},[62,75085,74069],{"class":95},[62,75087,2233],{"class":72},[62,75089,499],{"class":99},[62,75091,4088],{"class":95},[14,75093,2282],{},[53,75095,75097],{"className":55,"code":75096,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,75098,75099,75115,75129,75133,75149],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75100,75101,75103,75105,75107,75109,75111,75113],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75102,948],{"class":95},[62,75104,499],{"class":99},[62,75106,103],{"class":95},[62,75108,284],{"class":99},[62,75110,103],{"class":95},[62,75112,508],{"class":99},[62,75114,114],{"class":95},[62,75116,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,75118,3492],{"class":72},[62,75120,3495],{"class":2276},[62,75122,3498],{"class":76},[62,75124,8276],{"class":80},[62,75126,3503],{"class":76},[62,75128,3506],{"class":72},[62,75130,75131],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,75132,11979],{"class":1618},[62,75134,75135,75137,75139,75141,75143,75145,75147],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,75136,948],{"class":95},[62,75138,2273],{"class":99},[62,75140,103],{"class":95},[62,75142,284],{"class":99},[62,75144,103],{"class":95},[62,75146,270],{"class":99},[62,75148,114],{"class":95},[62,75150,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,75152,948],{"class":95},[62,75154,499],{"class":99},[62,75156,103],{"class":95},[62,75158,284],{"class":99},[62,75160,103],{"class":95},[62,75162,508],{"class":99},[62,75164,114],{"class":95},[14,75166,75167],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[29,75169,75170,75179,75188],{},[32,75171,27956,75172,75175,75176],{},[18,75173,75174],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,75177,75178],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[32,75180,12087,75181,75184,75185,1733],{},[18,75182,75183],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3946,75186,75187],{},"current",[32,75189,75190,75191],{},"So it prints ",[18,75192,75193],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[48,75195,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,75197,12875,75199,55413],{"id":75198},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,75200,73473],{},[14,75202,62549,75203,409],{},[18,75204,1548],{},[1256,75206,34368,75208,34371,75210,632],{"id":75207},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,75209,73468],{},[18,75211,75212],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75214,75215,75217],{},[18,75216,73468],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75219,75220,75222],{},[18,75221,75212],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1256,75224,28489,75226,75228],{"id":75225},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75227,73468],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75230,46517,75231,75233],{},[18,75232,73468],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1256,75235,75237],{"id":75236},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75239,75240],{},"Use slicing:",[53,75242,75244],{"className":55,"code":75243,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75245,75246],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75247,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75249,2069],{"class":68},[62,75251,74069],{"class":95},[62,75253,2233],{"class":72},[62,75255,499],{"class":99},[62,75257,114],{"class":95},[14,75259,75260],{},"Or use:",[53,75262,75264],{"className":55,"code":75263,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75265,75266],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75267,75268,75270,75272,75275,75277,75279],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75269,8276],{"class":430},[62,75271,131],{"class":95},[62,75273,75274],{"class":127},"reversed",[62,75276,131],{"class":95},[62,75278,2069],{"class":139},[62,75280,1013],{"class":95},[14,75282,75283,75284,75288],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[262,75285,55464,75286],{"href":54904},[18,75287,12948],{}," can also help.",[48,75290,2109],{"id":2108},[29,75292,75293,75299,75305,75309,75313],{},[32,75294,75295],{},[262,75296,55464,75297,10912],{"href":74722},[18,75298,64258],{},[32,75300,75301],{},[262,75302,3779,75303,3712],{"href":74468},[18,75304,74371],{},[32,75306,75307],{},[262,75308,74754],{"href":74753},[32,75310,75311],{},[262,75312,74169],{"href":73486},[32,75314,75315],{},[262,75316,55464,75317,10912],{"href":54904},[18,75318,12948],{},[2145,75320,75321],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":75323},[75324,75325,75327,75328,75329,75331,75332,75339,75341,75342,75351],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":73547,"depth":87,"text":75326},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":73906,"depth":87,"text":75330},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74172,"depth":87,"text":74173},{"id":74366,"depth":87,"text":75333,"children":75334},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75335,75336,75337,75338],{"id":73524,"depth":117,"text":73468},{"id":74461,"depth":117,"text":74371},{"id":74583,"depth":117,"text":74584},{"id":74698,"depth":117,"text":74699},{"id":74729,"depth":87,"text":75340},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":75343},[75344,75346,75348,75350],{"id":75198,"depth":117,"text":75345},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75207,"depth":117,"text":75347},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75225,"depth":117,"text":75349},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75236,"depth":117,"text":75237},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73460,"description":75352},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75359,"title":75360,"body":75361,"description":77794,"extension":2174,"meta":77795,"navigation":120,"path":77796,"seo":77797,"stem":77798,"__hash__":77799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75362,"toc":77762},[75363,75366,75378,75381,75404,75412,75414,75526,75535,75539,75542,75545,75632,75634,75667,75669,75692,75698,75702,75705,75727,75729,75746,75749,75769,75771,75881,75883,75960,75964,75967,76010,76012,76145,76147,76249,76254,76258,76261,76263,76277,76280,76394,76396,76470,76472,76500,76504,76509,76539,76542,76668,76670,76752,76758,76762,76764,76803,76812,76816,76819,76823,76870,76872,76880,76884,76935,76937,76950,76952,76966,76969,76977,76979,77026,77028,77036,77039,77082,77087,77090,77093,77116,77120,77171,77174,77195,77205,77209,77211,77241,77244,77267,77271,77274,77341,77343,77380,77383,77391,77458,77460,77497,77503,77510,77514,77517,77547,77552,77556,77559,77583,77586,77680,77690,77692,77696,77699,77703,77706,77711,77714,77720,77723,77725,77753,77759],[10,75364,75360],{"id":75365},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75367,75368,75369,399,75371,404,75374,75377],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,75370,36235],{},[18,75372,75373],{},"stop",[18,75375,75376],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75379,75380],{},"The basic slice form is:",[53,75382,75384],{"className":55,"code":75383,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,75385,75386],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75387,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75389,2069],{"class":68},[62,75391,948],{"class":95},[62,75393,36235],{"class":68},[62,75395,267],{"class":95},[62,75397,75373],{"class":68},[62,75399,267],{"class":95},[62,75401,75376],{"class":68},[62,75403,114],{"class":95},[14,75405,75406,75407,75409,75410,409],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,75408,75373],{}," position is ",[3946,75411,65016],{},[48,75413,51],{"id":50},[53,75415,75417],{"className":55,"code":75416,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75418,75419,75447,75451,75472,75490,75507],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75420,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75422,225],{"class":68},[62,75424,73],{"class":72},[62,75426,96],{"class":95},[62,75428,100],{"class":99},[62,75430,103],{"class":95},[62,75432,106],{"class":99},[62,75434,103],{"class":95},[62,75436,111],{"class":99},[62,75438,103],{"class":95},[62,75440,244],{"class":99},[62,75442,103],{"class":95},[62,75444,5278],{"class":99},[62,75446,114],{"class":95},[62,75448,75449],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,75450,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,75452,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,75454,128],{"class":127},[62,75456,131],{"class":95},[62,75458,348],{"class":139},[62,75460,948],{"class":95},[62,75462,499],{"class":99},[62,75464,267],{"class":95},[62,75466,2708],{"class":99},[62,75468,953],{"class":95},[62,75470,75471],{"class":146},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[62,75473,75474,75476,75478,75480,75483,75485,75487],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,75475,128],{"class":127},[62,75477,131],{"class":95},[62,75479,348],{"class":139},[62,75481,75482],{"class":95},"[:",[62,75484,2273],{"class":99},[62,75486,953],{"class":95},[62,75488,75489],{"class":146},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[62,75491,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,75493,128],{"class":127},[62,75495,131],{"class":95},[62,75497,348],{"class":139},[62,75499,74069],{"class":95},[62,75501,1935],{"class":99},[62,75503,953],{"class":95},[62,75505,75506],{"class":146},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[62,75508,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,75510,128],{"class":127},[62,75512,131],{"class":95},[62,75514,348],{"class":139},[62,75516,74069],{"class":95},[62,75518,2233],{"class":72},[62,75520,499],{"class":99},[62,75522,953],{"class":95},[62,75524,75525],{"class":146},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75527,169,75528,75531,75532,75534],{},[18,75529,75530],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75533,75373],{}," value is not included.",[48,75536,75538],{"id":75537},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75540,75541],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75543,75544],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[53,75546,75548],{"className":55,"code":75547,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75549,75550,75598,75602,75621],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75551,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75553,36253],{"class":68},[62,75555,73],{"class":72},[62,75557,96],{"class":95},[62,75559,259],{"class":76},[62,75561,262],{"class":80},[62,75563,259],{"class":76},[62,75565,103],{"class":95},[62,75567,77],{"class":76},[62,75569,277],{"class":80},[62,75571,259],{"class":76},[62,75573,103],{"class":95},[62,75575,77],{"class":76},[62,75577,9912],{"class":80},[62,75579,259],{"class":76},[62,75581,103],{"class":95},[62,75583,77],{"class":76},[62,75585,18931],{"class":80},[62,75587,259],{"class":76},[62,75589,103],{"class":95},[62,75591,77],{"class":76},[62,75593,60393],{"class":80},[62,75595,259],{"class":76},[62,75597,114],{"class":95},[62,75599,75600],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,75601,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,75603,75604,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,75605,75606],{"class":68},"part ",[62,75608,73],{"class":72},[62,75610,70043],{"class":68},[62,75612,948],{"class":95},[62,75614,499],{"class":99},[62,75616,267],{"class":95},[62,75618,2708],{"class":99},[62,75620,114],{"class":95},[62,75622,75623,75625,75627,75630],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,75624,128],{"class":127},[62,75626,131],{"class":95},[62,75628,75629],{"class":139},"part",[62,75631,434],{"class":95},[14,75633,2282],{},[53,75635,75637],{"className":55,"code":75636,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75638,75639],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75640,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75642,948],{"class":95},[62,75644,3503],{"class":76},[62,75646,277],{"class":80},[62,75648,3503],{"class":76},[62,75650,103],{"class":95},[62,75652,3498],{"class":76},[62,75654,9912],{"class":80},[62,75656,3503],{"class":76},[62,75658,103],{"class":95},[62,75660,3498],{"class":76},[62,75662,18931],{"class":80},[62,75664,3503],{"class":76},[62,75666,114],{"class":95},[14,75668,13222],{},[29,75670,75671,75674,75677,75683,75689],{},[32,75672,75673],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[32,75675,75676],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[32,75678,75679,75680],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75681,75682],{},"list[start:stop]",[32,75684,75685,75686,75688],{},"The item at ",[18,75687,75373],{}," is not included",[32,75690,75691],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75693,75694,75695,409],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[262,75696,75697],{"href":402},"beginner guide to Python lists",[48,75699,75701],{"id":75700},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75703,75704],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[53,75706,75707],{"className":55,"code":75383,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,75708,75709],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75710,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75712,2069],{"class":68},[62,75714,948],{"class":95},[62,75716,36235],{"class":68},[62,75718,267],{"class":95},[62,75720,75373],{"class":68},[62,75722,267],{"class":95},[62,75724,75376],{"class":68},[62,75726,114],{"class":95},[14,75728,64992],{},[29,75730,75731,75736,75741],{},[32,75732,75733,75735],{},[18,75734,36235],{}," is where slicing begins",[32,75737,75738,75740],{},[18,75739,75373],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[32,75742,75743,75745],{},[18,75744,75376],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75747,75748],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[29,75750,75751,75757,75762],{},[32,75752,75753,75754,75756],{},"Missing ",[18,75755,36235],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[32,75758,75753,75759,75761],{},[18,75760,75373],{}," means go to the end of the list",[32,75763,75753,75764,75766,75767],{},[18,75765,75376],{}," means use ",[18,75768,499],{},[14,75770,201],{},[53,75772,75774],{"className":55,"code":75773,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75775,75776,75804,75808,75829,75846,75864],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75777,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75779,225],{"class":68},[62,75781,73],{"class":72},[62,75783,96],{"class":95},[62,75785,100],{"class":99},[62,75787,103],{"class":95},[62,75789,106],{"class":99},[62,75791,103],{"class":95},[62,75793,111],{"class":99},[62,75795,103],{"class":95},[62,75797,244],{"class":99},[62,75799,103],{"class":95},[62,75801,5278],{"class":99},[62,75803,114],{"class":95},[62,75805,75806],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,75807,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,75809,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,75811,128],{"class":127},[62,75813,131],{"class":95},[62,75815,348],{"class":139},[62,75817,948],{"class":95},[62,75819,499],{"class":99},[62,75821,267],{"class":95},[62,75823,2708],{"class":99},[62,75825,953],{"class":95},[62,75827,75828],{"class":146},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[62,75830,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,75832,128],{"class":127},[62,75834,131],{"class":95},[62,75836,348],{"class":139},[62,75838,75482],{"class":95},[62,75840,2273],{"class":99},[62,75842,953],{"class":95},[62,75844,75845],{"class":146},"    # start from the beginning\n",[62,75847,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75861],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,75849,128],{"class":127},[62,75851,131],{"class":95},[62,75853,348],{"class":139},[62,75855,948],{"class":95},[62,75857,1935],{"class":99},[62,75859,75860],{"class":95},":])",[62,75862,75863],{"class":146},"    # go to the end\n",[62,75865,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,75867,128],{"class":127},[62,75869,131],{"class":95},[62,75871,348],{"class":139},[62,75873,74069],{"class":95},[62,75875,499],{"class":99},[62,75877,953],{"class":95},[62,75879,75880],{"class":146},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75882,2282],{},[53,75884,75886],{"className":55,"code":75885,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,75887,75888,75904,75920,75936],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,75889,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,75891,948],{"class":95},[62,75893,15921],{"class":99},[62,75895,103],{"class":95},[62,75897,111],{"class":99},[62,75899,103],{"class":95},[62,75901,244],{"class":99},[62,75903,114],{"class":95},[62,75905,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,75907,948],{"class":95},[62,75909,100],{"class":99},[62,75911,103],{"class":95},[62,75913,106],{"class":99},[62,75915,103],{"class":95},[62,75917,111],{"class":99},[62,75919,114],{"class":95},[62,75921,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,75923,948],{"class":95},[62,75925,37003],{"class":99},[62,75927,103],{"class":95},[62,75929,244],{"class":99},[62,75931,103],{"class":95},[62,75933,5278],{"class":99},[62,75935,114],{"class":95},[62,75937,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,75939,948],{"class":95},[62,75941,100],{"class":99},[62,75943,103],{"class":95},[62,75945,106],{"class":99},[62,75947,103],{"class":95},[62,75949,111],{"class":99},[62,75951,103],{"class":95},[62,75953,244],{"class":99},[62,75955,103],{"class":95},[62,75957,5278],{"class":99},[62,75959,114],{"class":95},[48,75961,75963],{"id":75962},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75965,75966],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[29,75968,75969,75978,75987,75998,76004],{},[32,75970,75971,75974,75975,6162],{},[18,75972,75973],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,75976,75977],{},"n",[32,75979,75980,75983,75984,75986],{},[18,75981,75982],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,75985,75977],{}," to the end",[32,75988,75989,75992,75993,75995,75996],{},[18,75990,75991],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,75994,262],{}," up to ",[18,75997,277],{},[32,75999,76000,76003],{},[18,76001,76002],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[32,76005,76006,76009],{},[18,76007,76008],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76011,201],{},[53,76013,76015],{"className":55,"code":76014,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,76016,76017,76050,76054,76071,76088,76109,76126],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76018,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045,76048],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76020,225],{"class":68},[62,76022,73],{"class":72},[62,76024,96],{"class":95},[62,76026,100],{"class":99},[62,76028,103],{"class":95},[62,76030,106],{"class":99},[62,76032,103],{"class":95},[62,76034,111],{"class":99},[62,76036,103],{"class":95},[62,76038,244],{"class":99},[62,76040,103],{"class":95},[62,76042,5278],{"class":99},[62,76044,103],{"class":95},[62,76046,76047],{"class":99}," 60",[62,76049,114],{"class":95},[62,76051,76052],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76053,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,76055,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,76057,128],{"class":127},[62,76059,131],{"class":95},[62,76061,348],{"class":139},[62,76063,75482],{"class":95},[62,76065,2273],{"class":99},[62,76067,953],{"class":95},[62,76069,76070],{"class":146},"    # first 3 items\n",[62,76072,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,76074,128],{"class":127},[62,76076,131],{"class":95},[62,76078,348],{"class":139},[62,76080,948],{"class":95},[62,76082,2273],{"class":99},[62,76084,75860],{"class":95},[62,76086,76087],{"class":146},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[62,76089,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,76091,128],{"class":127},[62,76093,131],{"class":95},[62,76095,348],{"class":139},[62,76097,948],{"class":95},[62,76099,499],{"class":99},[62,76101,267],{"class":95},[62,76103,299],{"class":99},[62,76105,953],{"class":95},[62,76107,76108],{"class":146},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[62,76110,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,76112,128],{"class":127},[62,76114,131],{"class":95},[62,76116,348],{"class":139},[62,76118,74069],{"class":95},[62,76120,1935],{"class":99},[62,76122,953],{"class":95},[62,76124,76125],{"class":146},"   # every second item\n",[62,76127,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,76129,128],{"class":127},[62,76131,131],{"class":95},[62,76133,348],{"class":139},[62,76135,74069],{"class":95},[62,76137,2233],{"class":72},[62,76139,499],{"class":99},[62,76141,953],{"class":95},[62,76143,76144],{"class":146},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76146,2282],{},[53,76148,76150],{"className":55,"code":76149,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,76151,76152,76168,76184,76204,76220],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76153,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76155,948],{"class":95},[62,76157,100],{"class":99},[62,76159,103],{"class":95},[62,76161,106],{"class":99},[62,76163,103],{"class":95},[62,76165,111],{"class":99},[62,76167,114],{"class":95},[62,76169,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76171,948],{"class":95},[62,76173,56637],{"class":99},[62,76175,103],{"class":95},[62,76177,5278],{"class":99},[62,76179,103],{"class":95},[62,76181,76047],{"class":99},[62,76183,114],{"class":95},[62,76185,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,76187,948],{"class":95},[62,76189,15921],{"class":99},[62,76191,103],{"class":95},[62,76193,111],{"class":99},[62,76195,103],{"class":95},[62,76197,244],{"class":99},[62,76199,103],{"class":95},[62,76201,5278],{"class":99},[62,76203,114],{"class":95},[62,76205,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,76207,948],{"class":95},[62,76209,100],{"class":99},[62,76211,103],{"class":95},[62,76213,111],{"class":99},[62,76215,103],{"class":95},[62,76217,5278],{"class":99},[62,76219,114],{"class":95},[62,76221,76222,76224,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,76223,948],{"class":95},[62,76225,76226],{"class":99},"60",[62,76228,103],{"class":95},[62,76230,5278],{"class":99},[62,76232,103],{"class":95},[62,76234,244],{"class":99},[62,76236,103],{"class":95},[62,76238,111],{"class":99},[62,76240,103],{"class":95},[62,76242,106],{"class":99},[62,76244,103],{"class":95},[62,76246,6200],{"class":99},[62,76248,114],{"class":95},[14,76250,76251,76252,409],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[262,76253,15055],{"href":57164},[48,76255,76257],{"id":76256},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76259,76260],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76262,5670],{},[29,76264,76265,76271],{},[32,76266,76267,76270],{},[18,76268,76269],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[32,76272,76273,76276],{},[18,76274,76275],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76278,76279],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[53,76281,76283],{"className":55,"code":76282,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,76284,76285,76333,76337,76356,76375],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76286,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76288,36253],{"class":68},[62,76290,73],{"class":72},[62,76292,96],{"class":95},[62,76294,259],{"class":76},[62,76296,262],{"class":80},[62,76298,259],{"class":76},[62,76300,103],{"class":95},[62,76302,77],{"class":76},[62,76304,277],{"class":80},[62,76306,259],{"class":76},[62,76308,103],{"class":95},[62,76310,77],{"class":76},[62,76312,9912],{"class":80},[62,76314,259],{"class":76},[62,76316,103],{"class":95},[62,76318,77],{"class":76},[62,76320,18931],{"class":80},[62,76322,259],{"class":76},[62,76324,103],{"class":95},[62,76326,77],{"class":76},[62,76328,60393],{"class":80},[62,76330,259],{"class":76},[62,76332,114],{"class":95},[62,76334,76335],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76336,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,76338,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,76340,128],{"class":127},[62,76342,131],{"class":95},[62,76344,582],{"class":139},[62,76346,948],{"class":95},[62,76348,2233],{"class":72},[62,76350,499],{"class":99},[62,76352,953],{"class":95},[62,76354,76355],{"class":146},"    # last item\n",[62,76357,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,76359,128],{"class":127},[62,76361,131],{"class":95},[62,76363,582],{"class":139},[62,76365,948],{"class":95},[62,76367,2233],{"class":72},[62,76369,2273],{"class":99},[62,76371,75860],{"class":95},[62,76373,76374],{"class":146},"   # last 3 items\n",[62,76376,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,76378,128],{"class":127},[62,76380,131],{"class":95},[62,76382,582],{"class":139},[62,76384,75482],{"class":95},[62,76386,2233],{"class":72},[62,76388,499],{"class":99},[62,76390,953],{"class":95},[62,76392,76393],{"class":146},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76395,2282],{},[53,76397,76399],{"className":55,"code":76398,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,76400,76401,76406,76434],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76402,76403],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76404,76405],{"class":68},"e\n",[62,76407,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76409,948],{"class":95},[62,76411,3503],{"class":76},[62,76413,9912],{"class":80},[62,76415,3503],{"class":76},[62,76417,103],{"class":95},[62,76419,3498],{"class":76},[62,76421,18931],{"class":80},[62,76423,3503],{"class":76},[62,76425,103],{"class":95},[62,76427,3498],{"class":76},[62,76429,60393],{"class":80},[62,76431,3503],{"class":76},[62,76433,114],{"class":95},[62,76435,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,76437,948],{"class":95},[62,76439,3503],{"class":76},[62,76441,262],{"class":80},[62,76443,3503],{"class":76},[62,76445,103],{"class":95},[62,76447,3498],{"class":76},[62,76449,277],{"class":80},[62,76451,3503],{"class":76},[62,76453,103],{"class":95},[62,76455,3498],{"class":76},[62,76457,9912],{"class":80},[62,76459,3503],{"class":76},[62,76461,103],{"class":95},[62,76463,3498],{"class":76},[62,76465,18931],{"class":80},[62,76467,3503],{"class":76},[62,76469,114],{"class":95},[14,76471,13222],{},[29,76473,76474,76477,76481,76487,76493],{},[32,76475,76476],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[32,76478,76479,76270],{},[18,76480,76269],{},[32,76482,76483,76486],{},[18,76484,76485],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[32,76488,76489,76492],{},[18,76490,76491],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[32,76494,76495,76496,1940,76498],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76497,36235],{},[18,76499,75373],{},[48,76501,76503],{"id":76502},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76505,2191,76506,76508],{},[18,76507,75376],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[29,76510,76511,76514,76517,76522,76532],{},[32,76512,76513],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[32,76515,76516],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[32,76518,76519,76521],{},[18,76520,76008],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[32,76523,9055,76524,76526,76527,76529,76530],{},[18,76525,75376],{}," is negative, ",[18,76528,36235],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76531,75373],{},[32,76533,76534,76536,76537],{},[18,76535,75376],{}," cannot be ",[18,76538,665],{},[14,76540,76541],{},"Example with different step values:",[53,76543,76545],{"className":55,"code":76544,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76546,76547,76579,76583,76600,76622,76641],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76548,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76550,225],{"class":68},[62,76552,73],{"class":72},[62,76554,96],{"class":95},[62,76556,100],{"class":99},[62,76558,103],{"class":95},[62,76560,106],{"class":99},[62,76562,103],{"class":95},[62,76564,111],{"class":99},[62,76566,103],{"class":95},[62,76568,244],{"class":99},[62,76570,103],{"class":95},[62,76572,5278],{"class":99},[62,76574,103],{"class":95},[62,76576,76047],{"class":99},[62,76578,114],{"class":95},[62,76580,76581],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76582,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,76584,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,76586,128],{"class":127},[62,76588,131],{"class":95},[62,76590,348],{"class":139},[62,76592,74069],{"class":95},[62,76594,1935],{"class":99},[62,76596,953],{"class":95},[62,76598,76599],{"class":146},"     # every second item\n",[62,76601,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76615,76617,76619],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,76603,128],{"class":127},[62,76605,131],{"class":95},[62,76607,348],{"class":139},[62,76609,948],{"class":95},[62,76611,499],{"class":99},[62,76613,76614],{"class":95},"::",[62,76616,1935],{"class":99},[62,76618,953],{"class":95},[62,76620,76621],{"class":146},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[62,76623,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,76625,128],{"class":127},[62,76627,131],{"class":95},[62,76629,348],{"class":139},[62,76631,74069],{"class":95},[62,76633,2233],{"class":72},[62,76635,499],{"class":99},[62,76637,953],{"class":95},[62,76639,76640],{"class":146},"    # reverse the list\n",[62,76642,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,76644,128],{"class":127},[62,76646,131],{"class":95},[62,76648,348],{"class":139},[62,76650,948],{"class":95},[62,76652,2708],{"class":99},[62,76654,267],{"class":95},[62,76656,499],{"class":99},[62,76658,267],{"class":95},[62,76660,2233],{"class":72},[62,76662,499],{"class":99},[62,76664,953],{"class":95},[62,76666,76667],{"class":146},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76669,2282],{},[53,76671,76673],{"className":55,"code":76672,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76674,76675,76691,76707,76735],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76676,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76678,948],{"class":95},[62,76680,100],{"class":99},[62,76682,103],{"class":95},[62,76684,111],{"class":99},[62,76686,103],{"class":95},[62,76688,5278],{"class":99},[62,76690,114],{"class":95},[62,76692,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76694,948],{"class":95},[62,76696,15921],{"class":99},[62,76698,103],{"class":95},[62,76700,244],{"class":99},[62,76702,103],{"class":95},[62,76704,76047],{"class":99},[62,76706,114],{"class":95},[62,76708,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,76710,948],{"class":95},[62,76712,76226],{"class":99},[62,76714,103],{"class":95},[62,76716,5278],{"class":99},[62,76718,103],{"class":95},[62,76720,244],{"class":99},[62,76722,103],{"class":95},[62,76724,111],{"class":99},[62,76726,103],{"class":95},[62,76728,106],{"class":99},[62,76730,103],{"class":95},[62,76732,6200],{"class":99},[62,76734,114],{"class":95},[62,76736,76737,76739,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,76738,948],{"class":95},[62,76740,76741],{"class":99},"50",[62,76743,103],{"class":95},[62,76745,244],{"class":99},[62,76747,103],{"class":95},[62,76749,111],{"class":99},[62,76751,114],{"class":95},[14,76753,76754,76755,409],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[262,76756,76757],{"href":74753},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1256,76759,76761],{"id":76760},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76763,3040],{},[53,76765,76767],{"className":55,"code":76766,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76768,76769,76789],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76770,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76772,225],{"class":68},[62,76774,73],{"class":72},[62,76776,96],{"class":95},[62,76778,499],{"class":99},[62,76780,103],{"class":95},[62,76782,284],{"class":99},[62,76784,103],{"class":95},[62,76786,508],{"class":99},[62,76788,114],{"class":95},[62,76790,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76792,128],{"class":127},[62,76794,131],{"class":95},[62,76796,348],{"class":139},[62,76798,74069],{"class":95},[62,76800,665],{"class":99},[62,76802,4088],{"class":95},[14,76804,76805,76806,76808,76809,76811],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76807,40857],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76810,665],{}," does not make sense.",[48,76813,76815],{"id":76814},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76817,76818],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1256,76820,76822],{"id":76821},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[53,76824,76826],{"className":55,"code":76825,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76827,76828,76852,76856],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76829,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76831,225],{"class":68},[62,76833,73],{"class":72},[62,76835,96],{"class":95},[62,76837,100],{"class":99},[62,76839,103],{"class":95},[62,76841,106],{"class":99},[62,76843,103],{"class":95},[62,76845,111],{"class":99},[62,76847,103],{"class":95},[62,76849,244],{"class":99},[62,76851,114],{"class":95},[62,76853,76854],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76855,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,76857,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,76859,128],{"class":127},[62,76861,131],{"class":95},[62,76863,348],{"class":139},[62,76865,948],{"class":95},[62,76867,1935],{"class":99},[62,76869,4088],{"class":95},[14,76871,2282],{},[53,76873,76874],{"className":55,"code":69787,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,76875,76876],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76877,76878],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76879,69787],{"class":99},[1256,76881,76883],{"id":76882},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[53,76885,76887],{"className":55,"code":76886,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,76888,76889,76913,76917],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76890,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76892,225],{"class":68},[62,76894,73],{"class":72},[62,76896,96],{"class":95},[62,76898,100],{"class":99},[62,76900,103],{"class":95},[62,76902,106],{"class":99},[62,76904,103],{"class":95},[62,76906,111],{"class":99},[62,76908,103],{"class":95},[62,76910,244],{"class":99},[62,76912,114],{"class":95},[62,76914,76915],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,76916,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,76918,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,76920,128],{"class":127},[62,76922,131],{"class":95},[62,76924,348],{"class":139},[62,76926,948],{"class":95},[62,76928,1935],{"class":99},[62,76930,267],{"class":95},[62,76932,2273],{"class":99},[62,76934,4088],{"class":95},[14,76936,2282],{},[53,76938,76940],{"className":55,"code":76939,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[30]\n",[18,76941,76942],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76943,76944,76946,76948],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76945,948],{"class":95},[62,76947,37003],{"class":99},[62,76949,114],{"class":95},[14,76951,13929],{},[29,76953,76954,76960],{},[32,76955,76956,76959],{},[18,76957,76958],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[32,76961,76962,76965],{},[18,76963,76964],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76967,76968],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[29,76970,76971,76974],{},[32,76972,76973],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[32,76975,76976],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76978,201],{},[53,76980,76982],{"className":55,"code":76981,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,76983,76984,77004,77008],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,76985,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,76987,225],{"class":68},[62,76989,73],{"class":72},[62,76991,96],{"class":95},[62,76993,100],{"class":99},[62,76995,103],{"class":95},[62,76997,106],{"class":99},[62,76999,103],{"class":95},[62,77001,111],{"class":99},[62,77003,114],{"class":95},[62,77005,77006],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77007,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,77009,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,77011,128],{"class":127},[62,77013,131],{"class":95},[62,77015,348],{"class":139},[62,77017,948],{"class":95},[62,77019,299],{"class":99},[62,77021,267],{"class":95},[62,77023,100],{"class":99},[62,77025,4088],{"class":95},[14,77027,2282],{},[53,77029,77030],{"className":55,"code":38453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,77031,77032],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77033,77034],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77035,38453],{"class":95},[14,77037,77038],{},"But this would raise an error:",[53,77040,77042],{"className":55,"code":77041,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,77043,77044,77064,77068],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77045,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77047,225],{"class":68},[62,77049,73],{"class":72},[62,77051,96],{"class":95},[62,77053,100],{"class":99},[62,77055,103],{"class":95},[62,77057,106],{"class":99},[62,77059,103],{"class":95},[62,77061,111],{"class":99},[62,77063,114],{"class":95},[62,77065,77066],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77067,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,77069,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,77071,128],{"class":127},[62,77073,131],{"class":95},[62,77075,348],{"class":139},[62,77077,948],{"class":95},[62,77079,299],{"class":99},[62,77081,4088],{"class":95},[14,77083,77084,77085,409],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[262,77086,69206],{"href":69205},[48,77088,15344],{"id":77089},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77091,77092],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[29,77094,77095,77099,77101,77104,77110],{},[32,77096,4904,77097,75688],{},[18,77098,75373],{},[32,77100,60638],{},[32,77102,77103],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[32,77105,37366,77106,8884,77108],{},[18,77107,76008],{},[18,77109,73473],{},[32,77111,77112,77113,77115],{},"Using step ",[18,77114,665],{},", which causes an error",[1256,77117,77119],{"id":77118},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[53,77121,77123],{"className":55,"code":77122,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,77124,77125,77153],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77126,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147,77149,77151],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77128,225],{"class":68},[62,77130,73],{"class":72},[62,77132,96],{"class":95},[62,77134,100],{"class":99},[62,77136,103],{"class":95},[62,77138,106],{"class":99},[62,77140,103],{"class":95},[62,77142,111],{"class":99},[62,77144,103],{"class":95},[62,77146,244],{"class":99},[62,77148,103],{"class":95},[62,77150,5278],{"class":99},[62,77152,114],{"class":95},[62,77154,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77156,128],{"class":127},[62,77158,131],{"class":95},[62,77160,348],{"class":139},[62,77162,948],{"class":95},[62,77164,499],{"class":99},[62,77166,267],{"class":95},[62,77168,2708],{"class":99},[62,77170,4088],{"class":95},[14,77172,77173],{},"This returns:",[53,77175,77177],{"className":55,"code":77176,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77178,77179],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77180,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77182,948],{"class":95},[62,77184,15921],{"class":99},[62,77186,103],{"class":95},[62,77188,111],{"class":99},[62,77190,103],{"class":95},[62,77192,244],{"class":99},[62,77194,114],{"class":95},[14,77196,41059,77197,77199,77200,77202,77203,409],{},[3946,77198,4830],{}," include ",[18,77201,76741],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,77204,2708],{},[1256,77206,77208],{"id":77207},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77210,16810],{},[53,77212,77214],{"className":55,"code":77213,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,77215,77216,77236],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77217,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77219,225],{"class":68},[62,77221,73],{"class":72},[62,77223,96],{"class":95},[62,77225,100],{"class":99},[62,77227,103],{"class":95},[62,77229,106],{"class":99},[62,77231,103],{"class":95},[62,77233,111],{"class":99},[62,77235,114],{"class":95},[62,77237,77238],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77239,77240],{"class":146},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77242,77243],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[53,77245,77247],{"className":55,"code":77246,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,77248,77249],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77250,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77252,128],{"class":127},[62,77254,131],{"class":95},[62,77256,348],{"class":139},[62,77258,948],{"class":95},[62,77260,499],{"class":99},[62,77262,267],{"class":95},[62,77264,2273],{"class":99},[62,77266,4088],{"class":95},[1256,77268,77270],{"id":77269},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77272,77273],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[53,77275,77277],{"className":55,"code":77276,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77278,77279,77303,77317,77321,77331],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77280,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77282,225],{"class":68},[62,77284,73],{"class":72},[62,77286,96],{"class":95},[62,77288,100],{"class":99},[62,77290,103],{"class":95},[62,77292,106],{"class":99},[62,77294,103],{"class":95},[62,77296,111],{"class":99},[62,77298,103],{"class":95},[62,77300,244],{"class":99},[62,77302,114],{"class":95},[62,77304,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77306,75606],{"class":68},[62,77308,73],{"class":72},[62,77310,4462],{"class":68},[62,77312,75482],{"class":95},[62,77314,1935],{"class":99},[62,77316,114],{"class":95},[62,77318,77319],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,77320,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,77322,77323,77325,77327,77329],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,77324,128],{"class":127},[62,77326,131],{"class":95},[62,77328,75629],{"class":139},[62,77330,434],{"class":95},[62,77332,77333,77335,77337,77339],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,77334,128],{"class":127},[62,77336,131],{"class":95},[62,77338,348],{"class":139},[62,77340,434],{"class":95},[14,77342,2282],{},[53,77344,77346],{"className":55,"code":77345,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77347,77348,77360],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77349,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77351,948],{"class":95},[62,77353,100],{"class":99},[62,77355,103],{"class":95},[62,77357,106],{"class":99},[62,77359,114],{"class":95},[62,77361,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77363,948],{"class":95},[62,77365,100],{"class":99},[62,77367,103],{"class":95},[62,77369,106],{"class":99},[62,77371,103],{"class":95},[62,77373,111],{"class":99},[62,77375,103],{"class":95},[62,77377,244],{"class":99},[62,77379,114],{"class":95},[14,77381,77382],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1256,77384,77386,77387,8884,77389],{"id":77385},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,77388,76008],{},[18,77390,73473],{},[53,77392,77394],{"className":55,"code":77393,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77395,77396,77416,77420,77437,77448],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77397,77398,77400,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412,77414],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77399,225],{"class":68},[62,77401,73],{"class":72},[62,77403,96],{"class":95},[62,77405,100],{"class":99},[62,77407,103],{"class":95},[62,77409,106],{"class":99},[62,77411,103],{"class":95},[62,77413,111],{"class":99},[62,77415,114],{"class":95},[62,77417,77418],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77419,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,77421,77422,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,77423,77424],{"class":68},"reversed_copy ",[62,77426,73],{"class":72},[62,77428,4462],{"class":68},[62,77430,74069],{"class":95},[62,77432,2233],{"class":72},[62,77434,499],{"class":99},[62,77436,114],{"class":95},[62,77438,77439,77441,77443,77446],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,77440,128],{"class":127},[62,77442,131],{"class":95},[62,77444,77445],{"class":139},"reversed_copy",[62,77447,434],{"class":95},[62,77449,77450,77452,77454,77456],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,77451,128],{"class":127},[62,77453,131],{"class":95},[62,77455,348],{"class":139},[62,77457,434],{"class":95},[14,77459,2282],{},[53,77461,77463],{"className":55,"code":77462,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77464,77465,77481],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77466,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77468,948],{"class":95},[62,77470,37003],{"class":99},[62,77472,103],{"class":95},[62,77474,106],{"class":99},[62,77476,103],{"class":95},[62,77478,6200],{"class":99},[62,77480,114],{"class":95},[62,77482,77483,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77484,948],{"class":95},[62,77486,100],{"class":99},[62,77488,103],{"class":95},[62,77490,106],{"class":99},[62,77492,103],{"class":95},[62,77494,111],{"class":99},[62,77496,114],{"class":95},[14,77498,77499,77502],{},[18,77500,77501],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77504,77505,77506,77509],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77507,77508],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1256,77511,77513],{"id":77512},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77515,77516],{},"This is not allowed:",[53,77518,77520],{"className":55,"code":77519,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77521,77522,77542],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77523,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77525,225],{"class":68},[62,77527,73],{"class":72},[62,77529,96],{"class":95},[62,77531,100],{"class":99},[62,77533,103],{"class":95},[62,77535,106],{"class":99},[62,77537,103],{"class":95},[62,77539,111],{"class":99},[62,77541,114],{"class":95},[62,77543,77544],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77545,77546],{"class":146},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77548,77549,77550,409],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77551,40857],{},[48,77553,77555],{"id":77554},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77557,77558],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[29,77560,77561,77568,77574,77577,77580],{},[32,77562,37366,77563,1940,77565,77567],{},[18,77564,36235],{},[18,77566,75373],{}," positions",[32,77569,77570,77571,77573],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77572,75373],{}," index is included",[32,77575,77576],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[32,77578,77579],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[32,77581,77582],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77584,77585],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[53,77587,77589],{"className":55,"code":77588,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77590,77591,77601,77615,77633,77647,77664],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77592,77593,77595,77597,77599],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77594,128],{"class":127},[62,77596,131],{"class":95},[62,77598,2069],{"class":139},[62,77600,434],{"class":95},[62,77602,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77604,128],{"class":127},[62,77606,131],{"class":95},[62,77608,134],{"class":127},[62,77610,131],{"class":95},[62,77612,2069],{"class":139},[62,77614,1013],{"class":95},[62,77616,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,77618,128],{"class":127},[62,77620,131],{"class":95},[62,77622,2069],{"class":139},[62,77624,948],{"class":95},[62,77626,499],{"class":99},[62,77628,267],{"class":95},[62,77630,2708],{"class":99},[62,77632,4088],{"class":95},[62,77634,77635,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,77636,128],{"class":127},[62,77638,131],{"class":95},[62,77640,2069],{"class":139},[62,77642,75482],{"class":95},[62,77644,2273],{"class":99},[62,77646,4088],{"class":95},[62,77648,77649,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,77650,128],{"class":127},[62,77652,131],{"class":95},[62,77654,2069],{"class":139},[62,77656,948],{"class":95},[62,77658,2233],{"class":72},[62,77660,2273],{"class":99},[62,77662,77663],{"class":95},":])\n",[62,77665,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,77667,128],{"class":127},[62,77669,131],{"class":95},[62,77671,2069],{"class":139},[62,77673,74069],{"class":95},[62,77675,2233],{"class":72},[62,77677,499],{"class":99},[62,77679,4088],{"class":95},[14,77681,1834,77682,77684,77685,77689],{},[18,77683,20],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[262,77686,77688],{"href":77687},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[48,77691,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,77693,77695],{"id":77694},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77697,77698],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1256,77700,77702],{"id":77701},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77704,77705],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1256,77707,5340,77709,40114],{"id":77708},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77710,76008],{},[14,77712,77713],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1256,77715,77717,77718,632],{"id":77716},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77719,70678],{},[14,77721,77722],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[48,77724,2109],{"id":2108},[29,77726,77727,77732,77737,77741,77745,77749],{},[32,77728,77729],{},[262,77730,77731],{"href":402},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[32,77733,77734],{},[262,77735,77736],{"href":57098},"How to create a list in Python",[32,77738,77739],{},[262,77740,15132],{"href":57164},[32,77742,77743],{},[262,77744,74754],{"href":74753},[32,77746,77747],{},[262,77748,77688],{"href":77687},[32,77750,77751],{},[262,77752,69206],{"href":69205},[14,77754,77755,77756,77758],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77757,20],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2145,77760,77761],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":77763},[77764,77765,77766,77767,77768,77769,77772,77776,77784,77785,77793],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":75537,"depth":87,"text":75538},{"id":75700,"depth":87,"text":75701},{"id":75962,"depth":87,"text":75963},{"id":76256,"depth":87,"text":76257},{"id":76502,"depth":87,"text":76503,"children":77770},[77771],{"id":76760,"depth":117,"text":76761},{"id":76814,"depth":87,"text":76815,"children":77773},[77774,77775],{"id":76821,"depth":117,"text":76822},{"id":76882,"depth":117,"text":76883},{"id":77089,"depth":87,"text":15344,"children":77777},[77778,77779,77780,77781,77783],{"id":77118,"depth":117,"text":77119},{"id":77207,"depth":117,"text":77208},{"id":77269,"depth":117,"text":77270},{"id":77385,"depth":117,"text":77782},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77512,"depth":117,"text":77513},{"id":77554,"depth":87,"text":77555},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":77786},[77787,77788,77789,77791],{"id":77694,"depth":117,"text":77695},{"id":77701,"depth":117,"text":77702},{"id":77708,"depth":117,"text":77790},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77716,"depth":117,"text":77792},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75360,"description":77794},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77801,"title":77802,"body":77803,"description":79872,"extension":2174,"meta":79873,"navigation":120,"path":79874,"seo":79875,"stem":79876,"__hash__":79877},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77804,"toc":79838},[77805,77810,77816,77822,77824,77871,77878,77883,77887,77902,77905,77958,77960,77985,77990,77992,78024,78027,78043,78045,78106,78108,78133,78137,78142,78195,78197,78222,78227,78288,78290,78315,78318,78325,78329,78332,78393,78395,78428,78431,78492,78494,78527,78533,78606,78608,78640,78647,78652,78657,78659,78671,78674,78752,78754,78795,78798,78872,78874,78907,78912,78919,78926,78930,78939,78943,78951,78953,79020,79022,79058,79063,79074,79076,79081,79086,79088,79151,79153,79178,79185,79190,79194,79197,79237,79242,79248,79253,79255,79282,79287,79290,79337,79339,79396,79403,79408,79414,79483,79487,79490,79553,79555,79588,79593,79595,79598,79679,79681,79705,79711,79713,79718,79722,79729,79737,79741,79743,79766,79770,79772,79799,79802,79809,79812,79814,79835],[10,77806,54286,77808,11494],{"id":77807},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77809,64258],{},[14,77811,77812,77815],{},[18,77813,77814],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77817,77818,77819,77821],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77820,64258],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[48,77823,51],{"id":50},[53,77825,77827],{"className":55,"code":77826,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77828,77829,77849,77859],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77830,77831,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77832,225],{"class":68},[62,77834,73],{"class":72},[62,77836,96],{"class":95},[62,77838,2273],{"class":99},[62,77840,103],{"class":95},[62,77842,270],{"class":99},[62,77844,103],{"class":95},[62,77846,284],{"class":99},[62,77848,114],{"class":95},[62,77850,77851,77853,77855,77857],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77852,348],{"class":68},[62,77854,409],{"class":95},[62,77856,34961],{"class":139},[62,77858,8822],{"class":95},[62,77860,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,77862,128],{"class":127},[62,77864,131],{"class":95},[62,77866,348],{"class":139},[62,77868,741],{"class":95},[62,77870,54876],{"class":146},[14,77872,169,77873,77875,77876,409],{},[18,77874,77814],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,77877,1548],{},[48,77879,3879,77881,3882],{"id":77880},"what-listsort-does",[18,77882,77814],{},[14,77884,77885,267],{},[18,77886,77814],{},[29,77888,77889,77892,77895,77899],{},[32,77890,77891],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[32,77893,77894],{},"Changes the original list",[32,77896,11596,77897],{},[18,77898,1548],{},[32,77900,77901],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77903,77904],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[53,77906,77908],{"className":55,"code":77907,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77909,77910,77934,77944,77948],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77911,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77913,225],{"class":68},[62,77915,73],{"class":72},[62,77917,96],{"class":95},[62,77919,299],{"class":99},[62,77921,103],{"class":95},[62,77923,284],{"class":99},[62,77925,103],{"class":95},[62,77927,54080],{"class":99},[62,77929,103],{"class":95},[62,77931,270],{"class":99},[62,77933,114],{"class":95},[62,77935,77936,77938,77940,77942],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,77937,348],{"class":68},[62,77939,409],{"class":95},[62,77941,34961],{"class":139},[62,77943,8822],{"class":95},[62,77945,77946],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,77947,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,77949,77950,77952,77954,77956],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,77951,128],{"class":127},[62,77953,131],{"class":95},[62,77955,348],{"class":139},[62,77957,434],{"class":95},[14,77959,2282],{},[53,77961,77963],{"className":55,"code":77962,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,77964,77965],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77966,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,77968,948],{"class":95},[62,77970,499],{"class":99},[62,77972,103],{"class":95},[62,77974,284],{"class":99},[62,77976,103],{"class":95},[62,77978,4804],{"class":99},[62,77980,103],{"class":95},[62,77982,54080],{"class":99},[62,77984,114],{"class":95},[14,77986,77987,77988,409],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[262,77989,67024],{"href":402},[48,77991,413],{"id":412},[53,77993,77995],{"className":55,"code":77994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,77996,77997],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,77998,77999,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78018,78020,78022],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78000,2069],{"class":68},[62,78002,409],{"class":95},[62,78004,34961],{"class":139},[62,78006,131],{"class":95},[62,78008,15008],{"class":9351},[62,78010,73],{"class":72},[62,78012,1548],{"class":1618},[62,78014,103],{"class":95},[62,78016,78017],{"class":9351}," reverse",[62,78019,73],{"class":72},[62,78021,2098],{"class":1618},[62,78023,434],{"class":95},[14,78025,78026],{},"Main arguments:",[29,78028,78029,78034,78040],{},[32,78030,78031,78033],{},[18,78032,15008],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[32,78035,78036,78039],{},[18,78037,78038],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[32,78041,78042],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78044,201],{},[53,78046,78048],{"className":55,"code":78047,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78049,78050,78074,78092,78096],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78051,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78053,225],{"class":68},[62,78055,73],{"class":72},[62,78057,96],{"class":95},[62,78059,2708],{"class":99},[62,78061,103],{"class":95},[62,78063,270],{"class":99},[62,78065,103],{"class":95},[62,78067,309],{"class":99},[62,78069,103],{"class":95},[62,78071,284],{"class":99},[62,78073,114],{"class":95},[62,78075,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088,78090],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78077,348],{"class":68},[62,78079,409],{"class":95},[62,78081,34961],{"class":139},[62,78083,131],{"class":95},[62,78085,73524],{"class":9351},[62,78087,73],{"class":72},[62,78089,3808],{"class":1618},[62,78091,434],{"class":95},[62,78093,78094],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78095,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78097,78098,78100,78102,78104],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78099,128],{"class":127},[62,78101,131],{"class":95},[62,78103,348],{"class":139},[62,78105,434],{"class":95},[14,78107,2282],{},[53,78109,78111],{"className":55,"code":78110,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,78112,78113],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78114,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78116,948],{"class":95},[62,78118,2236],{"class":99},[62,78120,103],{"class":95},[62,78122,2661],{"class":99},[62,78124,103],{"class":95},[62,78126,284],{"class":99},[62,78128,103],{"class":95},[62,78130,270],{"class":99},[62,78132,114],{"class":95},[48,78134,78136],{"id":78135},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78138,169,78139,78141],{},[18,78140,64258],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[53,78143,78145],{"className":55,"code":78144,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78146,78147,78171,78181,78185],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78148,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78167,78169],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78150,225],{"class":68},[62,78152,73],{"class":72},[62,78154,96],{"class":95},[62,78156,100],{"class":99},[62,78158,103],{"class":95},[62,78160,508],{"class":99},[62,78162,103],{"class":95},[62,78164,1409],{"class":99},[62,78166,103],{"class":95},[62,78168,270],{"class":99},[62,78170,114],{"class":95},[62,78172,78173,78175,78177,78179],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78174,348],{"class":68},[62,78176,409],{"class":95},[62,78178,34961],{"class":139},[62,78180,8822],{"class":95},[62,78182,78183],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78184,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78186,78187,78189,78191,78193],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78188,128],{"class":127},[62,78190,131],{"class":95},[62,78192,348],{"class":139},[62,78194,434],{"class":95},[14,78196,2282],{},[53,78198,78200],{"className":55,"code":78199,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,78201,78202],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78203,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78205,948],{"class":95},[62,78207,499],{"class":99},[62,78209,103],{"class":95},[62,78211,508],{"class":99},[62,78213,103],{"class":95},[62,78215,1409],{"class":99},[62,78217,103],{"class":95},[62,78219,6200],{"class":99},[62,78221,114],{"class":95},[14,78223,169,78224,78226],{},[18,78225,78038],{}," for descending order:",[53,78228,78230],{"className":55,"code":78229,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78231,78232,78256,78274,78278],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78233,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78235,225],{"class":68},[62,78237,73],{"class":72},[62,78239,96],{"class":95},[62,78241,100],{"class":99},[62,78243,103],{"class":95},[62,78245,508],{"class":99},[62,78247,103],{"class":95},[62,78249,1409],{"class":99},[62,78251,103],{"class":95},[62,78253,270],{"class":99},[62,78255,114],{"class":95},[62,78257,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78259,348],{"class":68},[62,78261,409],{"class":95},[62,78263,34961],{"class":139},[62,78265,131],{"class":95},[62,78267,73524],{"class":9351},[62,78269,73],{"class":72},[62,78271,3808],{"class":1618},[62,78273,434],{"class":95},[62,78275,78276],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78277,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78279,78280,78282,78284,78286],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78281,128],{"class":127},[62,78283,131],{"class":95},[62,78285,348],{"class":139},[62,78287,434],{"class":95},[14,78289,2282],{},[53,78291,78293],{"className":55,"code":78292,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78294,78295],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78296,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78298,948],{"class":95},[62,78300,100],{"class":99},[62,78302,103],{"class":95},[62,78304,1409],{"class":99},[62,78306,103],{"class":95},[62,78308,508],{"class":99},[62,78310,103],{"class":95},[62,78312,270],{"class":99},[62,78314,114],{"class":95},[14,78316,78317],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78319,78320,78321,409],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[262,78322,78324],{"href":78323},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[48,78326,78328],{"id":78327},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78330,78331],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[53,78333,78335],{"className":55,"code":78334,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78336,78337,78369,78379,78383],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78338,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78340,4270],{"class":68},[62,78342,73],{"class":72},[62,78344,96],{"class":95},[62,78346,259],{"class":76},[62,78348,910],{"class":80},[62,78350,259],{"class":76},[62,78352,103],{"class":95},[62,78354,77],{"class":76},[62,78356,901],{"class":80},[62,78358,259],{"class":76},[62,78360,103],{"class":95},[62,78362,77],{"class":76},[62,78364,4295],{"class":80},[62,78366,259],{"class":76},[62,78368,114],{"class":95},[62,78370,78371,78373,78375,78377],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78372,4312],{"class":68},[62,78374,409],{"class":95},[62,78376,34961],{"class":139},[62,78378,8822],{"class":95},[62,78380,78381],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78382,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78384,78385,78387,78389,78391],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78386,128],{"class":127},[62,78388,131],{"class":95},[62,78390,4312],{"class":139},[62,78392,434],{"class":95},[14,78394,2282],{},[53,78396,78398],{"className":55,"code":78397,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78399,78400],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78401,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78403,948],{"class":95},[62,78405,3503],{"class":76},[62,78407,901],{"class":80},[62,78409,3503],{"class":76},[62,78411,103],{"class":95},[62,78413,3498],{"class":76},[62,78415,910],{"class":80},[62,78417,3503],{"class":76},[62,78419,103],{"class":95},[62,78421,3498],{"class":76},[62,78423,4295],{"class":80},[62,78425,3503],{"class":76},[62,78427,114],{"class":95},[14,78429,78430],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[53,78432,78434],{"className":55,"code":78433,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78435,78436,78468,78478,78482],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78437,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78439,4270],{"class":68},[62,78441,73],{"class":72},[62,78443,96],{"class":95},[62,78445,259],{"class":76},[62,78447,910],{"class":80},[62,78449,259],{"class":76},[62,78451,103],{"class":95},[62,78453,77],{"class":76},[62,78455,57713],{"class":80},[62,78457,259],{"class":76},[62,78459,103],{"class":95},[62,78461,77],{"class":76},[62,78463,4295],{"class":80},[62,78465,259],{"class":76},[62,78467,114],{"class":95},[62,78469,78470,78472,78474,78476],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78471,4312],{"class":68},[62,78473,409],{"class":95},[62,78475,34961],{"class":139},[62,78477,8822],{"class":95},[62,78479,78480],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78481,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78483,78484,78486,78488,78490],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78485,128],{"class":127},[62,78487,131],{"class":95},[62,78489,4312],{"class":139},[62,78491,434],{"class":95},[14,78493,2282],{},[53,78495,78497],{"className":55,"code":78496,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78498,78499],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78500,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78502,948],{"class":95},[62,78504,3503],{"class":76},[62,78506,57713],{"class":80},[62,78508,3503],{"class":76},[62,78510,103],{"class":95},[62,78512,3498],{"class":76},[62,78514,910],{"class":80},[62,78516,3503],{"class":76},[62,78518,103],{"class":95},[62,78520,3498],{"class":76},[62,78522,4295],{"class":80},[62,78524,3503],{"class":76},[62,78526,114],{"class":95},[14,78528,78529,78530,267],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78531,78532],{},"key=str.lower",[53,78534,78536],{"className":55,"code":78535,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78537,78538,78570,78592,78596],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78539,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78541,4270],{"class":68},[62,78543,73],{"class":72},[62,78545,96],{"class":95},[62,78547,259],{"class":76},[62,78549,910],{"class":80},[62,78551,259],{"class":76},[62,78553,103],{"class":95},[62,78555,77],{"class":76},[62,78557,57713],{"class":80},[62,78559,259],{"class":76},[62,78561,103],{"class":95},[62,78563,77],{"class":76},[62,78565,4295],{"class":80},[62,78567,259],{"class":76},[62,78569,114],{"class":95},[62,78571,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78573,4312],{"class":68},[62,78575,409],{"class":95},[62,78577,34961],{"class":139},[62,78579,131],{"class":95},[62,78581,15008],{"class":9351},[62,78583,73],{"class":72},[62,78585,3646],{"class":430},[62,78587,409],{"class":95},[62,78589,8819],{"class":24910},[62,78591,434],{"class":95},[62,78593,78594],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78595,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78597,78598,78600,78602,78604],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78599,128],{"class":127},[62,78601,131],{"class":95},[62,78603,4312],{"class":139},[62,78605,434],{"class":95},[14,78607,2282],{},[53,78609,78610],{"className":55,"code":78496,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,78611,78612],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78613,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78615,948],{"class":95},[62,78617,3503],{"class":76},[62,78619,57713],{"class":80},[62,78621,3503],{"class":76},[62,78623,103],{"class":95},[62,78625,3498],{"class":76},[62,78627,910],{"class":80},[62,78629,3503],{"class":76},[62,78631,103],{"class":95},[62,78633,3498],{"class":76},[62,78635,4295],{"class":80},[62,78637,3503],{"class":76},[62,78639,114],{"class":95},[14,78641,78642,78643,78646],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78644,78645],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[48,78648,36774,78650,36777],{"id":78649},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78651,15008],{},[14,78653,2191,78654,78656],{},[18,78655,15008],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78658,7534],{},[29,78660,78661,78666],{},[32,78662,78663,78665],{},[18,78664,134],{}," to sort by length",[32,78667,78668,78670],{},[18,78669,78645],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78672,78673],{},"Sort words by length:",[53,78675,78677],{"className":55,"code":78676,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78678,78679,78720,78738,78742],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78680,78681,78683,78685,78687,78689,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78682,4270],{"class":68},[62,78684,73],{"class":72},[62,78686,96],{"class":95},[62,78688,259],{"class":76},[62,78690,78691],{"class":80},"pear",[62,78693,259],{"class":76},[62,78695,103],{"class":95},[62,78697,77],{"class":76},[62,78699,910],{"class":80},[62,78701,259],{"class":76},[62,78703,103],{"class":95},[62,78705,77],{"class":76},[62,78707,38514],{"class":80},[62,78709,259],{"class":76},[62,78711,103],{"class":95},[62,78713,77],{"class":76},[62,78715,901],{"class":80},[62,78717,259],{"class":76},[62,78719,114],{"class":95},[62,78721,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78723,4312],{"class":68},[62,78725,409],{"class":95},[62,78727,34961],{"class":139},[62,78729,131],{"class":95},[62,78731,15008],{"class":9351},[62,78733,73],{"class":72},[62,78735,134],{"class":127},[62,78737,434],{"class":95},[62,78739,78740],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78741,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78743,78744,78746,78748,78750],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78745,128],{"class":127},[62,78747,131],{"class":95},[62,78749,4312],{"class":139},[62,78751,434],{"class":95},[14,78753,2282],{},[53,78755,78757],{"className":55,"code":78756,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78758,78759],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78760,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78762,948],{"class":95},[62,78764,3503],{"class":76},[62,78766,38514],{"class":80},[62,78768,3503],{"class":76},[62,78770,103],{"class":95},[62,78772,3498],{"class":76},[62,78774,78691],{"class":80},[62,78776,3503],{"class":76},[62,78778,103],{"class":95},[62,78780,3498],{"class":76},[62,78782,901],{"class":80},[62,78784,3503],{"class":76},[62,78786,103],{"class":95},[62,78788,3498],{"class":76},[62,78790,910],{"class":80},[62,78792,3503],{"class":76},[62,78794,114],{"class":95},[14,78796,78797],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[53,78799,78801],{"className":55,"code":78800,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78802,78803,78836,78858,78862],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78804,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78832,78834],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78806,4270],{"class":68},[62,78808,73],{"class":72},[62,78810,96],{"class":95},[62,78812,259],{"class":76},[62,78814,5211],{"class":80},[62,78816,259],{"class":76},[62,78818,103],{"class":95},[62,78820,77],{"class":76},[62,78822,17966],{"class":80},[62,78824,259],{"class":76},[62,78826,103],{"class":95},[62,78828,77],{"class":76},[62,78830,78831],{"class":80},"Carol",[62,78833,259],{"class":76},[62,78835,114],{"class":95},[62,78837,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78839,4312],{"class":68},[62,78841,409],{"class":95},[62,78843,34961],{"class":139},[62,78845,131],{"class":95},[62,78847,15008],{"class":9351},[62,78849,73],{"class":72},[62,78851,3646],{"class":430},[62,78853,409],{"class":95},[62,78855,8819],{"class":24910},[62,78857,434],{"class":95},[62,78859,78860],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78861,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78863,78864,78866,78868,78870],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78865,128],{"class":127},[62,78867,131],{"class":95},[62,78869,4312],{"class":139},[62,78871,434],{"class":95},[14,78873,2282],{},[53,78875,78877],{"className":55,"code":78876,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,78878,78879],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78880,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78882,948],{"class":95},[62,78884,3503],{"class":76},[62,78886,17966],{"class":80},[62,78888,3503],{"class":76},[62,78890,103],{"class":95},[62,78892,3498],{"class":76},[62,78894,5211],{"class":80},[62,78896,3503],{"class":76},[62,78898,103],{"class":95},[62,78900,3498],{"class":76},[62,78902,78831],{"class":80},[62,78904,3503],{"class":76},[62,78906,114],{"class":95},[14,78908,2191,78909,78911],{},[18,78910,15008],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[48,78913,78915,10756,78917],{"id":78914},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,78916,77814],{},[18,78918,74371],{},[14,78920,78921,1940,78923,78925],{},[18,78922,77814],{},[18,78924,74371],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78927,78928,267],{},[18,78929,77814],{},[29,78931,78932,78935],{},[32,78933,78934],{},"Changes the existing list",[32,78936,11596,78937],{},[18,78938,1548],{},[14,78940,78941,267],{},[18,78942,74371],{},[29,78944,78945,78948],{},[32,78946,78947],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[32,78949,78950],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78952,201],{},[53,78954,78956],{"className":55,"code":78955,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,78957,78958,78978,78982,78996,79000,79010],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,78959,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,78961,225],{"class":68},[62,78963,73],{"class":72},[62,78965,96],{"class":95},[62,78967,2273],{"class":99},[62,78969,103],{"class":95},[62,78971,270],{"class":99},[62,78973,103],{"class":95},[62,78975,284],{"class":99},[62,78977,114],{"class":95},[62,78979,78980],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,78981,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,78983,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,78985,55834],{"class":68},[62,78987,73],{"class":72},[62,78989,74505],{"class":127},[62,78991,131],{"class":95},[62,78993,348],{"class":139},[62,78995,434],{"class":95},[62,78997,78998],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,78999,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,79001,79002,79004,79006,79008],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,79003,128],{"class":127},[62,79005,131],{"class":95},[62,79007,348],{"class":139},[62,79009,434],{"class":95},[62,79011,79012,79014,79016,79018],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,79013,128],{"class":127},[62,79015,131],{"class":95},[62,79017,74228],{"class":139},[62,79019,434],{"class":95},[14,79021,2282],{},[53,79023,79024],{"className":55,"code":74540,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,79025,79026,79042],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79027,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79029,948],{"class":95},[62,79031,2273],{"class":99},[62,79033,103],{"class":95},[62,79035,270],{"class":99},[62,79037,103],{"class":95},[62,79039,284],{"class":99},[62,79041,114],{"class":95},[62,79043,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79045,948],{"class":95},[62,79047,499],{"class":99},[62,79049,103],{"class":95},[62,79051,284],{"class":99},[62,79053,103],{"class":95},[62,79055,508],{"class":99},[62,79057,114],{"class":95},[14,79059,169,79060,79062],{},[18,79061,74371],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79064,79065,79066,1940,79070,409],{},"You can learn more in ",[262,79067,3779,79068,5979],{"href":74468},[18,79069,74371],{},[262,79071,79073],{"href":79072},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[48,79075,1824],{"id":1823},[14,79077,79078,79079,409],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,79080,77814],{},[1256,79082,12765,79084],{"id":79083},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,79085,64258],{},[14,79087,25851],{},[53,79089,79091],{"className":55,"code":79090,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,79092,79093,79113,79127,79131,79141],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79094,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79096,225],{"class":68},[62,79098,73],{"class":72},[62,79100,96],{"class":95},[62,79102,2273],{"class":99},[62,79104,103],{"class":95},[62,79106,270],{"class":99},[62,79108,103],{"class":95},[62,79110,284],{"class":99},[62,79112,114],{"class":95},[62,79114,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79116,2435],{"class":68},[62,79118,73],{"class":72},[62,79120,4462],{"class":68},[62,79122,409],{"class":95},[62,79124,34961],{"class":139},[62,79126,8822],{"class":95},[62,79128,79129],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,79130,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,79132,79133,79135,79137,79139],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,79134,128],{"class":127},[62,79136,131],{"class":95},[62,79138,2470],{"class":139},[62,79140,434],{"class":95},[62,79142,79143,79145,79147,79149],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,79144,128],{"class":127},[62,79146,131],{"class":95},[62,79148,348],{"class":139},[62,79150,434],{"class":95},[14,79152,2282],{},[53,79154,79156],{"className":55,"code":79155,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,79157,79158,79162],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79159,79160],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79161,11979],{"class":1618},[62,79163,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79165,948],{"class":95},[62,79167,499],{"class":99},[62,79169,103],{"class":95},[62,79171,284],{"class":99},[62,79173,103],{"class":95},[62,79175,508],{"class":99},[62,79177,114],{"class":95},[14,79179,79180,79182,79183,409],{},[18,79181,64258],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,79184,1548],{},[14,79186,79187,79188,6822],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,79189,74371],{},[1256,79191,79193],{"id":79192},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79195,79196],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[53,79198,79200],{"className":55,"code":79199,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,79201,79202,79227],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79203,79204,79206,79208,79210,79212,79214,79216,79219,79221,79223,79225],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79205,90],{"class":68},[62,79207,73],{"class":72},[62,79209,96],{"class":95},[62,79211,499],{"class":99},[62,79213,103],{"class":95},[62,79215,77],{"class":76},[62,79217,79218],{"class":80},"two",[62,79220,259],{"class":76},[62,79222,103],{"class":95},[62,79224,508],{"class":99},[62,79226,114],{"class":95},[62,79228,79229,79231,79233,79235],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79230,161],{"class":68},[62,79232,409],{"class":95},[62,79234,34961],{"class":139},[62,79236,8822],{"class":95},[14,79238,3204,79239,79241],{},[18,79240,1535],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1256,79243,4904,79245,79247],{"id":79244},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79246,64258],{}," only works on lists",[14,79249,79250,79252],{},[18,79251,64258],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79254,16810],{},[53,79256,79258],{"className":55,"code":79257,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79259,79260,79272],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79261,79262,79264,79266,79268,79270],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79263,69],{"class":68},[62,79265,73],{"class":72},[62,79267,77],{"class":76},[62,79269,57],{"class":80},[62,79271,84],{"class":76},[62,79273,79274,79276,79278,79280],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79275,140],{"class":68},[62,79277,409],{"class":95},[62,79279,34961],{"class":139},[62,79281,8822],{"class":95},[14,79283,79284,79285,33763],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79286,64258],{},[14,79288,79289],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[53,79291,79293],{"className":55,"code":79292,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79294,79295,79313,79323,79327],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79296,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79298,36253],{"class":68},[62,79300,73],{"class":72},[62,79302,1733],{"class":430},[62,79304,131],{"class":95},[62,79306,259],{"class":76},[62,79308,57],{"class":80},[62,79310,259],{"class":76},[62,79312,434],{"class":95},[62,79314,79315,79317,79319,79321],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79316,582],{"class":68},[62,79318,409],{"class":95},[62,79320,34961],{"class":139},[62,79322,8822],{"class":95},[62,79324,79325],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,79326,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,79328,79329,79331,79333,79335],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,79330,128],{"class":127},[62,79332,131],{"class":95},[62,79334,582],{"class":139},[62,79336,434],{"class":95},[14,79338,2282],{},[53,79340,79342],{"className":55,"code":79341,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79343,79344],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79345,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79347,948],{"class":95},[62,79349,3503],{"class":76},[62,79351,60384],{"class":80},[62,79353,3503],{"class":76},[62,79355,103],{"class":95},[62,79357,3498],{"class":76},[62,79359,75977],{"class":80},[62,79361,3503],{"class":76},[62,79363,103],{"class":95},[62,79365,3498],{"class":76},[62,79367,60419],{"class":80},[62,79369,3503],{"class":76},[62,79371,103],{"class":95},[62,79373,3498],{"class":76},[62,79375,14],{"class":80},[62,79377,3503],{"class":76},[62,79379,103],{"class":95},[62,79381,3498],{"class":76},[62,79383,63233],{"class":80},[62,79385,3503],{"class":76},[62,79387,103],{"class":95},[62,79389,3498],{"class":76},[62,79391,11916],{"class":80},[62,79393,3503],{"class":76},[62,79395,114],{"class":95},[1256,79397,79399,79400,79402],{"id":79398},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79401,15008],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79404,79405,79406,409],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79407,15008],{},[14,79409,79410,79411,79413],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79412,64258],{}," will not do that:",[53,79415,79417],{"className":55,"code":79416,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79418,79419,79451,79469,79473],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79420,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79422,4270],{"class":68},[62,79424,73],{"class":72},[62,79426,96],{"class":95},[62,79428,259],{"class":76},[62,79430,910],{"class":80},[62,79432,259],{"class":76},[62,79434,103],{"class":95},[62,79436,77],{"class":76},[62,79438,38514],{"class":80},[62,79440,259],{"class":76},[62,79442,103],{"class":95},[62,79444,77],{"class":76},[62,79446,901],{"class":80},[62,79448,259],{"class":76},[62,79450,114],{"class":95},[62,79452,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79454,4312],{"class":68},[62,79456,409],{"class":95},[62,79458,34961],{"class":139},[62,79460,131],{"class":95},[62,79462,15008],{"class":9351},[62,79464,73],{"class":72},[62,79466,134],{"class":127},[62,79468,434],{"class":95},[62,79470,79471],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,79472,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,79474,79475,79477,79479,79481],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,79476,128],{"class":127},[62,79478,131],{"class":95},[62,79480,4312],{"class":139},[62,79482,434],{"class":95},[1256,79484,79486],{"id":79485},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79488,79489],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[53,79491,79493],{"className":55,"code":79492,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79494,79495,79529,79539,79543],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79496,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522,79525,79527],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79498,4270],{"class":68},[62,79500,73],{"class":72},[62,79502,96],{"class":95},[62,79504,259],{"class":76},[62,79506,79507],{"class":80},"zebra",[62,79509,259],{"class":76},[62,79511,103],{"class":95},[62,79513,77],{"class":76},[62,79515,57713],{"class":80},[62,79517,259],{"class":76},[62,79519,103],{"class":95},[62,79521,77],{"class":76},[62,79523,79524],{"class":80},"monkey",[62,79526,259],{"class":76},[62,79528,114],{"class":95},[62,79530,79531,79533,79535,79537],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79532,4312],{"class":68},[62,79534,409],{"class":95},[62,79536,34961],{"class":139},[62,79538,8822],{"class":95},[62,79540,79541],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,79542,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,79544,79545,79547,79549,79551],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,79546,128],{"class":127},[62,79548,131],{"class":95},[62,79550,4312],{"class":139},[62,79552,434],{"class":95},[14,79554,2282],{},[53,79556,79558],{"className":55,"code":79557,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79559,79560],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79561,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79563,948],{"class":95},[62,79565,3503],{"class":76},[62,79567,57713],{"class":80},[62,79569,3503],{"class":76},[62,79571,103],{"class":95},[62,79573,3498],{"class":76},[62,79575,79524],{"class":80},[62,79577,3503],{"class":76},[62,79579,103],{"class":95},[62,79581,3498],{"class":76},[62,79583,79507],{"class":80},[62,79585,3503],{"class":76},[62,79587,114],{"class":95},[14,79589,169,79590,79592],{},[18,79591,78532],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1256,79594,60656],{"id":60655},[14,79596,79597],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[53,79599,79601],{"className":55,"code":79600,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79602,79603,79613,79627,79641,79655],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79604,79605,79607,79609,79611],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79606,128],{"class":127},[62,79608,131],{"class":95},[62,79610,2069],{"class":139},[62,79612,434],{"class":95},[62,79614,79615,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79616,128],{"class":127},[62,79618,131],{"class":95},[62,79620,1690],{"class":430},[62,79622,131],{"class":95},[62,79624,2069],{"class":139},[62,79626,1013],{"class":95},[62,79628,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,79630,128],{"class":127},[62,79632,131],{"class":95},[62,79634,2069],{"class":139},[62,79636,409],{"class":95},[62,79638,34961],{"class":139},[62,79640,7385],{"class":95},[62,79642,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,79644,128],{"class":127},[62,79646,131],{"class":95},[62,79648,74461],{"class":127},[62,79650,131],{"class":95},[62,79652,2069],{"class":139},[62,79654,1013],{"class":95},[62,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,79658,128],{"class":127},[62,79660,496],{"class":95},[62,79662,1690],{"class":430},[62,79664,131],{"class":95},[62,79666,23470],{"class":139},[62,79668,741],{"class":95},[62,79670,4076],{"class":729},[62,79672,6157],{"class":139},[62,79674,4082],{"class":729},[62,79676,8575],{"class":139},[62,79678,4088],{"class":95},[14,79680,11342],{},[29,79682,79683,79686,79689,79696,79702],{},[32,79684,79685],{},"What values are in the list",[32,79687,79688],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[32,79690,79691,79692,2602,79694],{},"That ",[18,79693,64258],{},[18,79695,1548],{},[32,79697,79698,79699,79701],{},"Whether ",[18,79700,74371],{}," works better for your case",[32,79703,79704],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79706,79707,79708,79710],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79709,1535],{}," problems.",[48,79712,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,79714,12875,79716,55413],{"id":79715},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79717,77814],{},[14,79719,62549,79720,409],{},[18,79721,1548],{},[1256,79723,5378,79725,1940,79727,632],{"id":79724},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79726,64258],{},[18,79728,74371],{},[14,79730,79731,79733,79734,79736],{},[18,79732,64258],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,79735,74371],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1256,79738,79740],{"id":79739},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79742,18858],{},[53,79744,79746],{"className":55,"code":79745,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79747,79748],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79749,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79751,2069],{"class":68},[62,79753,409],{"class":95},[62,79755,34961],{"class":139},[62,79757,131],{"class":95},[62,79759,73524],{"class":9351},[62,79761,73],{"class":72},[62,79763,3808],{"class":1618},[62,79765,434],{"class":95},[1256,79767,79769],{"id":79768},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79771,18858],{},[53,79773,79775],{"className":55,"code":79774,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79776,79777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79778,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79780,2069],{"class":68},[62,79782,409],{"class":95},[62,79784,34961],{"class":139},[62,79786,131],{"class":95},[62,79788,15008],{"class":9351},[62,79790,73],{"class":72},[62,79792,3646],{"class":430},[62,79794,409],{"class":95},[62,79796,8819],{"class":24910},[62,79798,434],{"class":95},[14,79800,79801],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1256,79803,79805,79806,79808],{"id":79804},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79807,1535],{}," when sorting?",[14,79810,79811],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[48,79813,2109],{"id":2108},[29,79815,79816,79821,79827,79831],{},[32,79817,79818],{},[262,79819,79820],{"href":78323},"How to sort a list in Python",[32,79822,79823],{},[262,79824,3779,79825,5979],{"href":74468},[18,79826,74371],{},[32,79828,79829],{},[262,79830,67024],{"href":402},[32,79832,79833],{},[262,79834,79073],{"href":79072},[2145,79836,79837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":79839},[79840,79841,79843,79844,79845,79846,79848,79850,79861,79871],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":77880,"depth":87,"text":79842},"What list.sort() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":78135,"depth":87,"text":78136},{"id":78327,"depth":87,"text":78328},{"id":78649,"depth":87,"text":79847},"Using the key argument",{"id":78914,"depth":87,"text":79849},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":79851},[79852,79854,79855,79857,79859,79860],{"id":79083,"depth":117,"text":79853},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79192,"depth":117,"text":79193},{"id":79244,"depth":117,"text":79856},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79398,"depth":117,"text":79858},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79485,"depth":117,"text":79486},{"id":60655,"depth":117,"text":60656},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":79862},[79863,79865,79867,79868,79869],{"id":79715,"depth":117,"text":79864},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79724,"depth":117,"text":79866},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79739,"depth":117,"text":79740},{"id":79768,"depth":117,"text":79769},{"id":79804,"depth":117,"text":79870},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77802,"description":79872},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79879,"title":79880,"body":79881,"description":82512,"extension":2174,"meta":82513,"navigation":120,"path":82514,"seo":82515,"stem":82516,"__hash__":82517},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79882,"toc":82471},[79883,79888,79893,79896,79907,79910,79930,79932,79994,79996,80037,80046,80051,80056,80062,80073,80075,80094,80097,80102,80107,80109,80114,80128,80130,80148,80151,80168,80171,80177,80200,80205,80207,80210,80271,80273,80306,80308,80347,80355,80365,80371,80376,80469,80471,80495,80497,80515,80518,80549,80555,80560,80563,80565,80690,80692,80716,80718,80737,80743,80749,80868,80870,80887,80894,80900,80905,80912,80918,80920,80977,80980,81001,81004,81007,81068,81070,81103,81107,81177,81179,81196,81200,81203,81278,81280,81317,81320,81323,81394,81396,81457,81462,81467,81470,81484,81486,81559,81561,81581,81584,81587,81644,81706,81709,81741,81744,81759,81764,81766,81772,81775,81831,81834,81836,81855,81859,81861,81905,81914,81916,81976,81980,81983,81985,82078,82080,82195,82199,82201,82275,82278,82281,82283,82288,82353,82355,82379,82389,82391,82397,82406,82415,82424,82430,82433,82437,82440,82442,82468],[10,79884,3779,79886,3783],{"id":79885},"python-map-function-explained",[18,79887,39870],{},[14,79889,3786,79890,79892],{},[18,79891,39870],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79894,79895],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[29,79897,79898,79901,79904],{},[32,79899,79900],{},"converting numbers to strings",[32,79902,79903],{},"changing strings to integers",[32,79905,79906],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79908,79909],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[29,79911,79912,79919,79925],{},[32,79913,79914,14220,79916,79918],{},[18,79915,39870],{},[3946,79917,4830],{}," return a list in Python 3",[32,79920,79921,79922],{},"it returns a ",[3946,79923,79924],{},"map object",[32,79926,79927,79928],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,79929,24941],{},[48,79931,51],{"id":50},[53,79933,79935],{"className":55,"code":79934,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79936,79937,79961,79980],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,79938,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951,79953,79955,79957,79959],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,79940,225],{"class":68},[62,79942,73],{"class":72},[62,79944,96],{"class":95},[62,79946,499],{"class":99},[62,79948,103],{"class":95},[62,79950,284],{"class":99},[62,79952,103],{"class":95},[62,79954,508],{"class":99},[62,79956,103],{"class":95},[62,79958,2661],{"class":99},[62,79960,114],{"class":95},[62,79962,79963,79965,79967,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,79964,2435],{"class":68},[62,79966,73],{"class":72},[62,79968,79969],{"class":127}," map",[62,79971,131],{"class":95},[62,79973,3646],{"class":430},[62,79975,103],{"class":95},[62,79977,4462],{"class":139},[62,79979,434],{"class":95},[62,79981,79982,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,79983,128],{"class":127},[62,79985,131],{"class":95},[62,79987,8276],{"class":430},[62,79989,131],{"class":95},[62,79991,2470],{"class":139},[62,79993,1013],{"class":95},[14,79995,2282],{},[53,79997,79999],{"className":55,"code":79998,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,80000,80001],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80002,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80004,948],{"class":95},[62,80006,3503],{"class":76},[62,80008,499],{"class":80},[62,80010,3503],{"class":76},[62,80012,103],{"class":95},[62,80014,3498],{"class":76},[62,80016,1935],{"class":80},[62,80018,3503],{"class":76},[62,80020,103],{"class":95},[62,80022,3498],{"class":76},[62,80024,2273],{"class":80},[62,80026,3503],{"class":76},[62,80028,103],{"class":95},[62,80030,3498],{"class":76},[62,80032,2708],{"class":80},[62,80034,3503],{"class":76},[62,80036,114],{"class":95},[14,80038,169,80039,80042,80043,80045],{},[18,80040,80041],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,80044,24941],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[48,80047,3879,80049,3882],{"id":80048},"what-map-does",[18,80050,39870],{},[14,80052,80053,80055],{},[18,80054,39870],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80057,80058,80059,80061],{},"An ",[3946,80060,3923],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[29,80063,80064,80066,80068,80070],{},[32,80065,448],{},[32,80067,451],{},[32,80069,445],{},[32,80071,80072],{},"a range object",[14,80074,30887],{},[53,80076,80078],{"className":55,"code":80077,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,80079,80080],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80081,80082,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80083,40013],{"class":127},[62,80085,131],{"class":95},[62,80087,38021],{"class":139},[62,80089,103],{"class":95},[62,80091,38026],{"class":139},[62,80093,434],{"class":95},[14,80095,80096],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80098,80099,80100,33904],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3946,80101,79924],{},[14,80103,80104,80105,409],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[262,80106,5334],{"href":5333},[48,80108,413],{"id":412},[14,80110,80111,80113],{},[18,80112,39870],{}," needs at least two parts:",[29,80115,80116,80122],{},[32,80117,80118,80121],{},[3946,80119,80120],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[32,80123,80124,80127],{},[3946,80125,80126],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80129,3908],{},[53,80131,80132],{"className":55,"code":80077,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,80133,80134],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80135,80136,80138,80140,80142,80144,80146],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80137,40013],{"class":127},[62,80139,131],{"class":95},[62,80141,38021],{"class":139},[62,80143,103],{"class":95},[62,80145,38026],{"class":139},[62,80147,434],{"class":95},[14,80149,80150],{},"You can pass:",[29,80152,80153,80162,80165],{},[32,80154,80155,80156,399,80158,2398,80160],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,80157,3646],{},[18,80159,2021],{},[18,80161,2228],{},[32,80163,80164],{},"your own custom function",[32,80166,80167],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80169,80170],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80172,80173,80174,80176],{},"You will often see ",[18,80175,39870],{}," used like this:",[53,80178,80180],{"className":55,"code":80179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,80181,80182],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80183,80184,80186,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80185,8276],{"class":430},[62,80187,131],{"class":95},[62,80189,40013],{"class":127},[62,80191,131],{"class":95},[62,80193,38021],{"class":139},[62,80195,103],{"class":95},[62,80197,4085],{"class":139},[62,80199,1013],{"class":95},[14,80201,6868,80202,80204],{},[18,80203,24941],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[48,80206,11648],{"id":11647},[14,80208,80209],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[53,80211,80213],{"className":55,"code":80212,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80214,80215,80235,80253,80257],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80216,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80218,225],{"class":68},[62,80220,73],{"class":72},[62,80222,96],{"class":95},[62,80224,100],{"class":99},[62,80226,103],{"class":95},[62,80228,106],{"class":99},[62,80230,103],{"class":95},[62,80232,111],{"class":99},[62,80234,114],{"class":95},[62,80236,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249,80251],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,80238,2435],{"class":68},[62,80240,73],{"class":72},[62,80242,79969],{"class":127},[62,80244,131],{"class":95},[62,80246,3646],{"class":430},[62,80248,103],{"class":95},[62,80250,4462],{"class":139},[62,80252,434],{"class":95},[62,80254,80255],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,80256,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80258,80259,80261,80263,80265,80267,80269],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,80260,128],{"class":127},[62,80262,131],{"class":95},[62,80264,8276],{"class":430},[62,80266,131],{"class":95},[62,80268,2470],{"class":139},[62,80270,1013],{"class":95},[14,80272,2282],{},[53,80274,80276],{"className":55,"code":80275,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80277,80278],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80279,80280,80282,80284,80286,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80281,948],{"class":95},[62,80283,3503],{"class":76},[62,80285,100],{"class":80},[62,80287,3503],{"class":76},[62,80289,103],{"class":95},[62,80291,3498],{"class":76},[62,80293,15921],{"class":80},[62,80295,3503],{"class":76},[62,80297,103],{"class":95},[62,80299,3498],{"class":76},[62,80301,37003],{"class":80},[62,80303,3503],{"class":76},[62,80305,114],{"class":95},[14,80307,11854],{},[29,80309,80310,80315,80323,80331,80339],{},[32,80311,80312,80314],{},[18,80313,348],{}," contains integers",[32,80316,80317,80320,80321],{},[18,80318,80319],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80322,47836],{},[32,80324,80325,42307,80328],{},[18,80326,80327],{},"str(10)",[18,80329,80330],{},"'10'",[32,80332,80333,42307,80336],{},[18,80334,80335],{},"str(20)",[18,80337,80338],{},"'20'",[32,80340,80341,42307,80344],{},[18,80342,80343],{},"str(30)",[18,80345,80346],{},"'30'",[14,80348,53597,80349,80351,80352,80354],{},[18,80350,39870],{}," applies ",[18,80353,47836],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80356,80357,80358,80360,80361,409],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80359,24941],{}," better, see ",[262,80362,3779,80363,3712],{"href":64794},[18,80364,24941],{},[48,80366,1834,80368,80370],{"id":80367},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80369,39870],{}," with your own function",[14,80372,15881,80373,80375],{},[18,80374,39870],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[53,80377,80379],{"className":55,"code":80378,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80380,80381,80394,80404,80408,80432,80451,80455],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80382,80383,80385,80388,80390,80392],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80384,35013],{"class":2276},[62,80386,80387],{"class":35016}," double",[62,80389,131],{"class":95},[62,80391,552],{"class":37823},[62,80393,8521],{"class":95},[62,80395,80396,80398,80400,80402],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,80397,35024],{"class":729},[62,80399,4079],{"class":68},[62,80401,40026],{"class":72},[62,80403,45741],{"class":99},[62,80405,80406],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,80407,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80409,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,80411,225],{"class":68},[62,80413,73],{"class":72},[62,80415,96],{"class":95},[62,80417,499],{"class":99},[62,80419,103],{"class":95},[62,80421,284],{"class":99},[62,80423,103],{"class":95},[62,80425,508],{"class":99},[62,80427,103],{"class":95},[62,80429,2661],{"class":99},[62,80431,114],{"class":95},[62,80433,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80445,80447,80449],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,80435,2435],{"class":68},[62,80437,73],{"class":72},[62,80439,79969],{"class":127},[62,80441,131],{"class":95},[62,80443,80444],{"class":139},"double",[62,80446,103],{"class":95},[62,80448,4462],{"class":139},[62,80450,434],{"class":95},[62,80452,80453],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,80454,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80456,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,80458,128],{"class":127},[62,80460,131],{"class":95},[62,80462,8276],{"class":430},[62,80464,131],{"class":95},[62,80466,2470],{"class":139},[62,80468,1013],{"class":95},[14,80470,2282],{},[53,80472,80473],{"className":55,"code":40039,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,80474,80475],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80476,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80478,948],{"class":95},[62,80480,1935],{"class":99},[62,80482,103],{"class":95},[62,80484,2661],{"class":99},[62,80486,103],{"class":95},[62,80488,304],{"class":99},[62,80490,103],{"class":95},[62,80492,1409],{"class":99},[62,80494,114],{"class":95},[14,80496,65531],{},[29,80498,80499,80506,80512],{},[32,80500,80501,80503,80504],{},[18,80502,39870],{}," takes the function ",[18,80505,80444],{},[32,80507,80508,80509,80511],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80510,348],{}," into that function",[32,80513,80514],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80516,80517],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[29,80519,80520,80527,80534,80542],{},[32,80521,80522,6268,80525],{},[18,80523,80524],{},"double(1)",[18,80526,1935],{},[32,80528,80529,6268,80532],{},[18,80530,80531],{},"double(2)",[18,80533,2708],{},[32,80535,80536,6268,80539],{},[18,80537,80538],{},"double(3)",[18,80540,80541],{},"6",[32,80543,80544,6268,80547],{},[18,80545,80546],{},"double(4)",[18,80548,2550],{},[48,80550,1834,80552,80554],{"id":80551},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80553,39870],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80556,80557,80559],{},[18,80558,39870],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80561,80562],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80564,201],{},[53,80566,80568],{"className":55,"code":80567,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80569,80570,80587,80597,80601,80622,80643,80647,80672,80676],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80571,80572,80574,80577,80579,80581,80583,80585],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80573,35013],{"class":2276},[62,80575,80576],{"class":35016}," add_numbers",[62,80578,131],{"class":95},[62,80580,262],{"class":37823},[62,80582,103],{"class":95},[62,80584,2763],{"class":37823},[62,80586,8521],{"class":95},[62,80588,80589,80591,80593,80595],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,80590,35024],{"class":729},[62,80592,44696],{"class":68},[62,80594,2270],{"class":72},[62,80596,36343],{"class":68},[62,80598,80599],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,80600,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80602,80603,80606,80608,80610,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,80604,80605],{"class":68},"list1 ",[62,80607,73],{"class":72},[62,80609,96],{"class":95},[62,80611,499],{"class":99},[62,80613,103],{"class":95},[62,80615,284],{"class":99},[62,80617,103],{"class":95},[62,80619,508],{"class":99},[62,80621,114],{"class":95},[62,80623,80624,80627,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,80625,80626],{"class":68},"list2 ",[62,80628,73],{"class":72},[62,80630,96],{"class":95},[62,80632,100],{"class":99},[62,80634,103],{"class":95},[62,80636,106],{"class":99},[62,80638,103],{"class":95},[62,80640,111],{"class":99},[62,80642,114],{"class":95},[62,80644,80645],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,80646,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80648,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80660,80662,80665,80667,80670],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,80650,2435],{"class":68},[62,80652,73],{"class":72},[62,80654,79969],{"class":127},[62,80656,131],{"class":95},[62,80658,80659],{"class":139},"add_numbers",[62,80661,103],{"class":95},[62,80663,80664],{"class":139}," list1",[62,80666,103],{"class":95},[62,80668,80669],{"class":139}," list2",[62,80671,434],{"class":95},[62,80673,80674],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,80675,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80677,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,80679,128],{"class":127},[62,80681,131],{"class":95},[62,80683,8276],{"class":430},[62,80685,131],{"class":95},[62,80687,2470],{"class":139},[62,80689,1013],{"class":95},[14,80691,2282],{},[53,80693,80695],{"className":55,"code":80694,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80696,80697],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80698,80699,80701,80704,80706,80709,80711,80714],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80700,948],{"class":95},[62,80702,80703],{"class":99},"11",[62,80705,103],{"class":95},[62,80707,80708],{"class":99}," 22",[62,80710,103],{"class":95},[62,80712,80713],{"class":99}," 33",[62,80715,114],{"class":95},[14,80717,2386],{},[29,80719,80720,80726,80732],{},[32,80721,80722,80723],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80724,80725],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[32,80727,80728,80729],{},"then ",[18,80730,80731],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[32,80733,80728,80734],{},[18,80735,80736],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1256,80738,80740,80742],{"id":80739},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80741,39870],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80744,80745,80746,80748],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80747,39870],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[53,80750,80752],{"className":55,"code":80751,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80753,80754,80770,80780,80784,80808,80824,80828,80850,80854],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80755,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80757,35013],{"class":2276},[62,80759,80576],{"class":35016},[62,80761,131],{"class":95},[62,80763,262],{"class":37823},[62,80765,103],{"class":95},[62,80767,2763],{"class":37823},[62,80769,8521],{"class":95},[62,80771,80772,80774,80776,80778],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,80773,35024],{"class":729},[62,80775,44696],{"class":68},[62,80777,2270],{"class":72},[62,80779,36343],{"class":68},[62,80781,80782],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,80783,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80785,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804,80806],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,80787,80605],{"class":68},[62,80789,73],{"class":72},[62,80791,96],{"class":95},[62,80793,499],{"class":99},[62,80795,103],{"class":95},[62,80797,284],{"class":99},[62,80799,103],{"class":95},[62,80801,508],{"class":99},[62,80803,103],{"class":95},[62,80805,2661],{"class":99},[62,80807,114],{"class":95},[62,80809,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,80811,80626],{"class":68},[62,80813,73],{"class":72},[62,80815,96],{"class":95},[62,80817,100],{"class":99},[62,80819,103],{"class":95},[62,80821,106],{"class":99},[62,80823,114],{"class":95},[62,80825,80826],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,80827,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80829,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,80831,2435],{"class":68},[62,80833,73],{"class":72},[62,80835,79969],{"class":127},[62,80837,131],{"class":95},[62,80839,80659],{"class":139},[62,80841,103],{"class":95},[62,80843,80664],{"class":139},[62,80845,103],{"class":95},[62,80847,80669],{"class":139},[62,80849,434],{"class":95},[62,80851,80852],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,80853,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80855,80856,80858,80860,80862,80864,80866],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,80857,128],{"class":127},[62,80859,131],{"class":95},[62,80861,8276],{"class":430},[62,80863,131],{"class":95},[62,80865,2470],{"class":139},[62,80867,1013],{"class":95},[14,80869,2282],{},[53,80871,80873],{"className":55,"code":80872,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[11, 22]\n",[18,80874,80875],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80876,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80878,948],{"class":95},[62,80880,80703],{"class":99},[62,80882,103],{"class":95},[62,80884,80708],{"class":99},[62,80886,114],{"class":95},[14,80888,80889,80890,80893],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,80891,80892],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[48,80895,80897,80899],{"id":80896},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,80898,39870],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80901,38179,80902,80904],{},[18,80903,39870],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80906,80907,80908,80911],{},"This object is ",[3946,80909,80910],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1256,80913,2692,80915,80917],{"id":80914},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,80916,33189],{}," looks strange",[14,80919,33805],{},[53,80921,80923],{"className":55,"code":80922,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,80924,80925,80945,80963,80967],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80926,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80928,225],{"class":68},[62,80930,73],{"class":72},[62,80932,96],{"class":95},[62,80934,499],{"class":99},[62,80936,103],{"class":95},[62,80938,284],{"class":99},[62,80940,103],{"class":95},[62,80942,508],{"class":99},[62,80944,114],{"class":95},[62,80946,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,80948,2435],{"class":68},[62,80950,73],{"class":72},[62,80952,79969],{"class":127},[62,80954,131],{"class":95},[62,80956,3646],{"class":430},[62,80958,103],{"class":95},[62,80960,4462],{"class":139},[62,80962,434],{"class":95},[62,80964,80965],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,80966,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,80968,80969,80971,80973,80975],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,80970,128],{"class":127},[62,80972,131],{"class":95},[62,80974,2470],{"class":139},[62,80976,434],{"class":95},[14,80978,80979],{},"Output will look something like this:",[53,80981,80983],{"className":55,"code":80982,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,80984,80985],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,80986,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,80988,3492],{"class":72},[62,80990,40013],{"class":127},[62,80992,24777],{"class":430},[62,80994,37526],{"class":68},[62,80996,37530],{"class":37529},[62,80998,37533],{"class":34616},[62,81000,3506],{"class":72},[14,81002,81003],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81005,81006],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[53,81008,81010],{"className":55,"code":81009,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81011,81012,81032,81050,81054],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81013,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81015,225],{"class":68},[62,81017,73],{"class":72},[62,81019,96],{"class":95},[62,81021,499],{"class":99},[62,81023,103],{"class":95},[62,81025,284],{"class":99},[62,81027,103],{"class":95},[62,81029,508],{"class":99},[62,81031,114],{"class":95},[62,81033,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81035,2435],{"class":68},[62,81037,73],{"class":72},[62,81039,79969],{"class":127},[62,81041,131],{"class":95},[62,81043,3646],{"class":430},[62,81045,103],{"class":95},[62,81047,4462],{"class":139},[62,81049,434],{"class":95},[62,81051,81052],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81053,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,81055,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,81057,128],{"class":127},[62,81059,131],{"class":95},[62,81061,8276],{"class":430},[62,81063,131],{"class":95},[62,81065,2470],{"class":139},[62,81067,1013],{"class":95},[14,81069,2282],{},[53,81071,81073],{"className":55,"code":81072,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81074,81075],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81076,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81078,948],{"class":95},[62,81080,3503],{"class":76},[62,81082,499],{"class":80},[62,81084,3503],{"class":76},[62,81086,103],{"class":95},[62,81088,3498],{"class":76},[62,81090,1935],{"class":80},[62,81092,3503],{"class":76},[62,81094,103],{"class":95},[62,81096,3498],{"class":76},[62,81098,2273],{"class":80},[62,81100,3503],{"class":76},[62,81102,114],{"class":95},[1256,81104,81106],{"id":81105},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[53,81108,81110],{"className":55,"code":81109,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81111,81112,81132,81150,81154,81167],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81113,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81115,225],{"class":68},[62,81117,73],{"class":72},[62,81119,96],{"class":95},[62,81121,499],{"class":99},[62,81123,103],{"class":95},[62,81125,284],{"class":99},[62,81127,103],{"class":95},[62,81129,508],{"class":99},[62,81131,114],{"class":95},[62,81133,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81135,2435],{"class":68},[62,81137,73],{"class":72},[62,81139,79969],{"class":127},[62,81141,131],{"class":95},[62,81143,3646],{"class":430},[62,81145,103],{"class":95},[62,81147,4462],{"class":139},[62,81149,434],{"class":95},[62,81151,81152],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81153,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,81155,81156,81158,81160,81162,81165],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,81157,6154],{"class":729},[62,81159,6157],{"class":68},[62,81161,4082],{"class":729},[62,81163,81164],{"class":68}," result",[62,81166,749],{"class":95},[62,81168,81169,81171,81173,81175],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,81170,754],{"class":127},[62,81172,131],{"class":95},[62,81174,23470],{"class":139},[62,81176,434],{"class":95},[14,81178,2282],{},[53,81180,81182],{"className":55,"code":81181,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,81183,81184,81188,81192],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81185,81186],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81187,47069],{"class":99},[62,81189,81190],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81191,17223],{"class":99},[62,81193,81194],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81195,46769],{"class":99},[1256,81197,81199],{"id":81198},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81201,81202],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[53,81204,81206],{"className":55,"code":81205,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81207,81208,81228,81246,81250,81264],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81209,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81211,225],{"class":68},[62,81213,73],{"class":72},[62,81215,96],{"class":95},[62,81217,499],{"class":99},[62,81219,103],{"class":95},[62,81221,284],{"class":99},[62,81223,103],{"class":95},[62,81225,508],{"class":99},[62,81227,114],{"class":95},[62,81229,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81231,2435],{"class":68},[62,81233,73],{"class":72},[62,81235,79969],{"class":127},[62,81237,131],{"class":95},[62,81239,3646],{"class":430},[62,81241,103],{"class":95},[62,81243,4462],{"class":139},[62,81245,434],{"class":95},[62,81247,81248],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81249,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,81251,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,81253,128],{"class":127},[62,81255,131],{"class":95},[62,81257,8276],{"class":430},[62,81259,131],{"class":95},[62,81261,2470],{"class":139},[62,81263,1013],{"class":95},[62,81265,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,81267,128],{"class":127},[62,81269,131],{"class":95},[62,81271,8276],{"class":430},[62,81273,131],{"class":95},[62,81275,2470],{"class":139},[62,81277,1013],{"class":95},[14,81279,2282],{},[53,81281,81283],{"className":55,"code":81282,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81284,81285,81313],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81286,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81288,948],{"class":95},[62,81290,3503],{"class":76},[62,81292,499],{"class":80},[62,81294,3503],{"class":76},[62,81296,103],{"class":95},[62,81298,3498],{"class":76},[62,81300,1935],{"class":80},[62,81302,3503],{"class":76},[62,81304,103],{"class":95},[62,81306,3498],{"class":76},[62,81308,2273],{"class":80},[62,81310,3503],{"class":76},[62,81312,114],{"class":95},[62,81314,81315],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81316,38453],{"class":95},[14,81318,81319],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81321,81322],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[53,81324,81326],{"className":55,"code":81325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81327,81328,81348,81370,81374,81384],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81329,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81331,225],{"class":68},[62,81333,73],{"class":72},[62,81335,96],{"class":95},[62,81337,499],{"class":99},[62,81339,103],{"class":95},[62,81341,284],{"class":99},[62,81343,103],{"class":95},[62,81345,508],{"class":99},[62,81347,114],{"class":95},[62,81349,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81351,2435],{"class":68},[62,81353,73],{"class":72},[62,81355,1733],{"class":430},[62,81357,131],{"class":95},[62,81359,40013],{"class":127},[62,81361,131],{"class":95},[62,81363,3646],{"class":430},[62,81365,103],{"class":95},[62,81367,4462],{"class":139},[62,81369,1013],{"class":95},[62,81371,81372],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81373,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,81375,81376,81378,81380,81382],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,81377,128],{"class":127},[62,81379,131],{"class":95},[62,81381,2470],{"class":139},[62,81383,434],{"class":95},[62,81385,81386,81388,81390,81392],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,81387,128],{"class":127},[62,81389,131],{"class":95},[62,81391,2470],{"class":139},[62,81393,434],{"class":95},[14,81395,2282],{},[53,81397,81399],{"className":55,"code":81398,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81400,81401,81429],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81402,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81404,948],{"class":95},[62,81406,3503],{"class":76},[62,81408,499],{"class":80},[62,81410,3503],{"class":76},[62,81412,103],{"class":95},[62,81414,3498],{"class":76},[62,81416,1935],{"class":80},[62,81418,3503],{"class":76},[62,81420,103],{"class":95},[62,81422,3498],{"class":76},[62,81424,2273],{"class":80},[62,81426,3503],{"class":76},[62,81428,114],{"class":95},[62,81430,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81432,948],{"class":95},[62,81434,3503],{"class":76},[62,81436,499],{"class":80},[62,81438,3503],{"class":76},[62,81440,103],{"class":95},[62,81442,3498],{"class":76},[62,81444,1935],{"class":80},[62,81446,3503],{"class":76},[62,81448,103],{"class":95},[62,81450,3498],{"class":76},[62,81452,2273],{"class":80},[62,81454,3503],{"class":76},[62,81456,114],{"class":95},[48,81458,5160,81460],{"id":81459},"when-to-use-map",[18,81461,39870],{},[14,81463,81464,81466],{},[18,81465,39870],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81468,81469],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[29,81471,81472,81476,81480],{},[32,81473,81474],{},[18,81475,3646],{},[32,81477,81478],{},[18,81479,2021],{},[32,81481,81482],{},[18,81483,2228],{},[14,81485,201],{},[53,81487,81489],{"className":55,"code":81488,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81490,81491,81523,81545,81549],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81492,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81494,292],{"class":68},[62,81496,73],{"class":72},[62,81498,96],{"class":95},[62,81500,3503],{"class":76},[62,81502,499],{"class":80},[62,81504,3503],{"class":76},[62,81506,103],{"class":95},[62,81508,3498],{"class":76},[62,81510,1935],{"class":80},[62,81512,3503],{"class":76},[62,81514,103],{"class":95},[62,81516,3498],{"class":76},[62,81518,2273],{"class":80},[62,81520,3503],{"class":76},[62,81522,114],{"class":95},[62,81524,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81526,225],{"class":68},[62,81528,73],{"class":72},[62,81530,1733],{"class":430},[62,81532,131],{"class":95},[62,81534,40013],{"class":127},[62,81536,131],{"class":95},[62,81538,2021],{"class":430},[62,81540,103],{"class":95},[62,81542,4085],{"class":139},[62,81544,1013],{"class":95},[62,81546,81547],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81548,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,81550,81551,81553,81555,81557],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,81552,128],{"class":127},[62,81554,131],{"class":95},[62,81556,348],{"class":139},[62,81558,434],{"class":95},[14,81560,2282],{},[53,81562,81563],{"className":55,"code":55094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,81564,81565],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81566,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81568,948],{"class":95},[62,81570,499],{"class":99},[62,81572,103],{"class":95},[62,81574,284],{"class":99},[62,81576,103],{"class":95},[62,81578,508],{"class":99},[62,81580,114],{"class":95},[14,81582,81583],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81585,81586],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[53,81588,81590],{"className":55,"code":81589,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81591,81592,81612,81634],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81593,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81595,225],{"class":68},[62,81597,73],{"class":72},[62,81599,96],{"class":95},[62,81601,499],{"class":99},[62,81603,103],{"class":95},[62,81605,284],{"class":99},[62,81607,103],{"class":95},[62,81609,508],{"class":99},[62,81611,114],{"class":95},[62,81613,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81615,2435],{"class":68},[62,81617,73],{"class":72},[62,81619,1733],{"class":430},[62,81621,131],{"class":95},[62,81623,40013],{"class":127},[62,81625,131],{"class":95},[62,81627,3646],{"class":430},[62,81629,103],{"class":95},[62,81631,4462],{"class":139},[62,81633,1013],{"class":95},[62,81635,81636,81638,81640,81642],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81637,128],{"class":127},[62,81639,131],{"class":95},[62,81641,2470],{"class":139},[62,81643,434],{"class":95},[53,81645,81647],{"className":55,"code":81646,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81648,81649,81669,81696],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81650,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81652,225],{"class":68},[62,81654,73],{"class":72},[62,81656,96],{"class":95},[62,81658,499],{"class":99},[62,81660,103],{"class":95},[62,81662,284],{"class":99},[62,81664,103],{"class":95},[62,81666,508],{"class":99},[62,81668,114],{"class":95},[62,81670,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81690,81692,81694],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81672,2435],{"class":68},[62,81674,73],{"class":72},[62,81676,96],{"class":95},[62,81678,3646],{"class":430},[62,81680,131],{"class":95},[62,81682,75977],{"class":139},[62,81684,741],{"class":95},[62,81686,4076],{"class":729},[62,81688,81689],{"class":68}," n ",[62,81691,4082],{"class":729},[62,81693,4462],{"class":68},[62,81695,114],{"class":95},[62,81697,81698,81700,81702,81704],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81699,128],{"class":127},[62,81701,131],{"class":95},[62,81703,2470],{"class":139},[62,81705,434],{"class":95},[14,81707,81708],{},"Both produce:",[53,81710,81711],{"className":55,"code":81072,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,81712,81713],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81714,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81716,948],{"class":95},[62,81718,3503],{"class":76},[62,81720,499],{"class":80},[62,81722,3503],{"class":76},[62,81724,103],{"class":95},[62,81726,3498],{"class":76},[62,81728,1935],{"class":80},[62,81730,3503],{"class":76},[62,81732,103],{"class":95},[62,81734,3498],{"class":76},[62,81736,2273],{"class":80},[62,81738,3503],{"class":76},[62,81740,114],{"class":95},[14,81742,81743],{},"A simple rule:",[29,81745,81746,81751,81756],{},[32,81747,40144,81748,81750],{},[18,81749,39870],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[32,81752,40150,81753,81755],{},[18,81754,6154],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[32,81757,81758],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81760,81761,81762,409],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[262,81763,4592],{"href":4591},[48,81765,4718],{"id":4717},[1256,81767,81769,81770],{"id":81768},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81771,24941],{},[14,81773,81774],{},"This is very common:",[53,81776,81777],{"className":55,"code":80922,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,81778,81779,81799,81817,81821],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81780,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81782,225],{"class":68},[62,81784,73],{"class":72},[62,81786,96],{"class":95},[62,81788,499],{"class":99},[62,81790,103],{"class":95},[62,81792,284],{"class":99},[62,81794,103],{"class":95},[62,81796,508],{"class":99},[62,81798,114],{"class":95},[62,81800,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81802,2435],{"class":68},[62,81804,73],{"class":72},[62,81806,79969],{"class":127},[62,81808,131],{"class":95},[62,81810,3646],{"class":430},[62,81812,103],{"class":95},[62,81814,4462],{"class":139},[62,81816,434],{"class":95},[62,81818,81819],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81820,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,81822,81823,81825,81827,81829],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,81824,128],{"class":127},[62,81826,131],{"class":95},[62,81828,2470],{"class":139},[62,81830,434],{"class":95},[14,81832,81833],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81835,39415],{},[53,81837,81839],{"className":55,"code":81838,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81840,81841],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81842,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81844,128],{"class":127},[62,81846,131],{"class":95},[62,81848,8276],{"class":430},[62,81850,131],{"class":95},[62,81852,2470],{"class":139},[62,81854,1013],{"class":95},[1256,81856,81858],{"id":81857},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81860,16810],{},[53,81862,81864],{"className":55,"code":81863,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,81865,81866,81886],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81867,81868,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81869,225],{"class":68},[62,81871,73],{"class":72},[62,81873,96],{"class":95},[62,81875,499],{"class":99},[62,81877,103],{"class":95},[62,81879,284],{"class":99},[62,81881,103],{"class":95},[62,81883,508],{"class":99},[62,81885,114],{"class":95},[62,81887,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81901,81903],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81889,2435],{"class":68},[62,81891,73],{"class":72},[62,81893,79969],{"class":127},[62,81895,131],{"class":95},[62,81897,3646],{"class":430},[62,81899,81900],{"class":95},"(),",[62,81902,4462],{"class":139},[62,81904,434],{"class":95},[14,81906,81907,81908,81910,81911,81913],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,81909,47836],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,81912,39870],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81915,16822],{},[53,81917,81918],{"className":55,"code":81009,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,81919,81920,81940,81958,81962],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81921,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81923,225],{"class":68},[62,81925,73],{"class":72},[62,81927,96],{"class":95},[62,81929,499],{"class":99},[62,81931,103],{"class":95},[62,81933,284],{"class":99},[62,81935,103],{"class":95},[62,81937,508],{"class":99},[62,81939,114],{"class":95},[62,81941,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,81943,2435],{"class":68},[62,81945,73],{"class":72},[62,81947,79969],{"class":127},[62,81949,131],{"class":95},[62,81951,3646],{"class":430},[62,81953,103],{"class":95},[62,81955,4462],{"class":139},[62,81957,434],{"class":95},[62,81959,81960],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,81961,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,81963,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,81965,128],{"class":127},[62,81967,131],{"class":95},[62,81969,8276],{"class":430},[62,81971,131],{"class":95},[62,81973,2470],{"class":139},[62,81975,1013],{"class":95},[1256,81977,81979],{"id":81978},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81981,81982],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81984,16810],{},[53,81986,81988],{"className":55,"code":81987,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81989,81990,82007,82017,82021,82041,82060,82064],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,81991,81992,81994,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,81993,35013],{"class":2276},[62,81995,81996],{"class":35016}," add",[62,81998,131],{"class":95},[62,82000,262],{"class":37823},[62,82002,103],{"class":95},[62,82004,2763],{"class":37823},[62,82006,8521],{"class":95},[62,82008,82009,82011,82013,82015],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,82010,35024],{"class":729},[62,82012,44696],{"class":68},[62,82014,2270],{"class":72},[62,82016,36343],{"class":68},[62,82018,82019],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,82020,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,82022,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,82024,225],{"class":68},[62,82026,73],{"class":72},[62,82028,96],{"class":95},[62,82030,499],{"class":99},[62,82032,103],{"class":95},[62,82034,284],{"class":99},[62,82036,103],{"class":95},[62,82038,508],{"class":99},[62,82040,114],{"class":95},[62,82042,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82054,82056,82058],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,82044,2435],{"class":68},[62,82046,73],{"class":72},[62,82048,79969],{"class":127},[62,82050,131],{"class":95},[62,82052,82053],{"class":139},"add",[62,82055,103],{"class":95},[62,82057,4462],{"class":139},[62,82059,434],{"class":95},[62,82061,82062],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,82063,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,82065,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,82067,128],{"class":127},[62,82069,131],{"class":95},[62,82071,8276],{"class":430},[62,82073,131],{"class":95},[62,82075,2470],{"class":139},[62,82077,1013],{"class":95},[14,82079,16822],{},[53,82081,82083],{"className":55,"code":82082,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82084,82085,82101,82111,82115,82135,82155,82177,82181],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82086,82087,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82088,35013],{"class":2276},[62,82090,81996],{"class":35016},[62,82092,131],{"class":95},[62,82094,262],{"class":37823},[62,82096,103],{"class":95},[62,82098,2763],{"class":37823},[62,82100,8521],{"class":95},[62,82102,82103,82105,82107,82109],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,82104,35024],{"class":729},[62,82106,44696],{"class":68},[62,82108,2270],{"class":72},[62,82110,36343],{"class":68},[62,82112,82113],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,82114,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,82116,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,82118,80605],{"class":68},[62,82120,73],{"class":72},[62,82122,96],{"class":95},[62,82124,499],{"class":99},[62,82126,103],{"class":95},[62,82128,284],{"class":99},[62,82130,103],{"class":95},[62,82132,508],{"class":99},[62,82134,114],{"class":95},[62,82136,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,82138,80626],{"class":68},[62,82140,73],{"class":72},[62,82142,96],{"class":95},[62,82144,100],{"class":99},[62,82146,103],{"class":95},[62,82148,106],{"class":99},[62,82150,103],{"class":95},[62,82152,111],{"class":99},[62,82154,114],{"class":95},[62,82156,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,82158,2435],{"class":68},[62,82160,73],{"class":72},[62,82162,79969],{"class":127},[62,82164,131],{"class":95},[62,82166,82053],{"class":139},[62,82168,103],{"class":95},[62,82170,80664],{"class":139},[62,82172,103],{"class":95},[62,82174,80669],{"class":139},[62,82176,434],{"class":95},[62,82178,82179],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,82180,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,82182,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,82184,128],{"class":127},[62,82186,131],{"class":95},[62,82188,8276],{"class":430},[62,82190,131],{"class":95},[62,82192,2470],{"class":139},[62,82194,1013],{"class":95},[1256,82196,82198],{"id":82197},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82200,16810],{},[53,82202,82203],{"className":55,"code":81205,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,82204,82205,82225,82243,82247,82261],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82206,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82208,225],{"class":68},[62,82210,73],{"class":72},[62,82212,96],{"class":95},[62,82214,499],{"class":99},[62,82216,103],{"class":95},[62,82218,284],{"class":99},[62,82220,103],{"class":95},[62,82222,508],{"class":99},[62,82224,114],{"class":95},[62,82226,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,82228,2435],{"class":68},[62,82230,73],{"class":72},[62,82232,79969],{"class":127},[62,82234,131],{"class":95},[62,82236,3646],{"class":430},[62,82238,103],{"class":95},[62,82240,4462],{"class":139},[62,82242,434],{"class":95},[62,82244,82245],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,82246,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,82248,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,82250,128],{"class":127},[62,82252,131],{"class":95},[62,82254,8276],{"class":430},[62,82256,131],{"class":95},[62,82258,2470],{"class":139},[62,82260,1013],{"class":95},[62,82262,82263,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,82264,128],{"class":127},[62,82266,131],{"class":95},[62,82268,8276],{"class":430},[62,82270,131],{"class":95},[62,82272,2470],{"class":139},[62,82274,1013],{"class":95},[14,82276,82277],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82279,82280],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[48,82282,67842],{"id":67841},[14,82284,9055,82285,82287],{},[18,82286,39870],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[53,82289,82291],{"className":55,"code":82290,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82292,82293,82303,82317,82331,82343],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82294,82295,82297,82299,82301],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82296,128],{"class":127},[62,82298,131],{"class":95},[62,82300,2470],{"class":139},[62,82302,434],{"class":95},[62,82304,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,82306,128],{"class":127},[62,82308,131],{"class":95},[62,82310,8276],{"class":430},[62,82312,131],{"class":95},[62,82314,2470],{"class":139},[62,82316,1013],{"class":95},[62,82318,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,82320,128],{"class":127},[62,82322,131],{"class":95},[62,82324,1690],{"class":430},[62,82326,131],{"class":95},[62,82328,2470],{"class":139},[62,82330,1013],{"class":95},[62,82332,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,82334,6154],{"class":729},[62,82336,6157],{"class":68},[62,82338,4082],{"class":729},[62,82340,81164],{"class":68},[62,82342,749],{"class":95},[62,82344,82345,82347,82349,82351],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,82346,754],{"class":127},[62,82348,131],{"class":95},[62,82350,23470],{"class":139},[62,82352,434],{"class":95},[14,82354,12843],{},[29,82356,82357,82362,82367,82373],{},[32,82358,82359,82361],{},[18,82360,33189],{}," shows that you have a map object",[32,82363,82364,82366],{},[18,82365,33197],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[32,82368,82369,82372],{},[18,82370,82371],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[32,82374,82375,82376,82378],{},"looping over ",[18,82377,2470],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82380,82381,82382,82385,82386,82388],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82383,82384],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82387,6154],{}," loop consume the map object.",[48,82390,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,82392,12875,82394,82396],{"id":82393},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82395,39870],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82398,82399,82400,82402,82403,24098],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82401,39870],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82404,82405],{},"list(map(...))",[1256,82407,15070,82409,82411,82412,82414],{"id":82408},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82410,39870],{}," better than a ",[18,82413,6154],{}," loop?",[14,82416,82417,82418,82420,82421,82423],{},"Not always. ",[18,82419,39870],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82422,6154],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1256,82425,5368,82427,82429],{"id":82426},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82428,39870],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82431,82432],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1256,82434,82436],{"id":82435},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82438,82439],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[48,82441,2109],{"id":2108},[29,82443,82444,82450,82456,82460,82464],{},[32,82445,82446],{},[262,82447,3779,82448,3712],{"href":40239},[18,82449,37738],{},[32,82451,82452],{},[262,82453,3779,82454,3712],{"href":64794},[18,82455,24941],{},[32,82457,82458],{},[262,82459,5420],{"href":5329},[32,82461,82462],{},[262,82463,5425],{"href":4591},[32,82465,82466],{},[262,82467,5415],{"href":5333},[2145,82469,82470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":82472},[82473,82474,82476,82477,82478,82480,82485,82492,82494,82501,82502,82511],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":80048,"depth":87,"text":82475},"What map() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":80367,"depth":87,"text":82479},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80551,"depth":87,"text":82481,"children":82482},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82483],{"id":80739,"depth":117,"text":82484},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80896,"depth":87,"text":82486,"children":82487},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82488,82490,82491],{"id":80914,"depth":117,"text":82489},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81105,"depth":117,"text":81106},{"id":81198,"depth":117,"text":81199},{"id":81459,"depth":87,"text":82493},"When to use map()",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":82495},[82496,82498,82499,82500],{"id":81768,"depth":117,"text":82497},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81857,"depth":117,"text":81858},{"id":81978,"depth":117,"text":81979},{"id":82197,"depth":117,"text":82198},{"id":67841,"depth":87,"text":67842},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":82503},[82504,82506,82508,82510],{"id":82393,"depth":117,"text":82505},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82408,"depth":117,"text":82507},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82426,"depth":117,"text":82509},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82435,"depth":117,"text":82436},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79880,"description":82512},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82519,"title":82520,"body":82521,"description":84541,"extension":2174,"meta":84542,"navigation":120,"path":84543,"seo":84544,"stem":84545,"__hash__":84546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82522,"toc":84499},[82523,82529,82534,82537,82545,82548,82550,82674,82676,82694,82696,82716,82721,82725,82739,82742,82745,82747,82752,82864,82867,82885,82891,82894,82956,82958,82967,82970,82984,82986,83034,83036,83045,83055,83061,83064,83091,83093,83101,83104,83107,83177,83179,83187,83190,83195,83200,83251,83253,83261,83264,83266,83283,83285,83337,83340,83346,83350,83355,83358,83362,83421,83423,83432,83438,83447,83451,83514,83516,83524,83529,83533,83538,83618,83620,83629,83636,83641,83646,83649,83684,83686,83694,83697,83703,83705,83755,83757,83766,83769,83787,83789,83794,83800,83807,83834,83836,83859,83864,83899,83904,83910,83915,83958,83961,83964,84003,84010,84016,84021,84036,84040,84047,84050,84054,84059,84063,84068,84070,84131,84133,84162,84167,84174,84183,84185,84188,84213,84215,84318,84321,84339,84348,84350,84355,84358,84364,84367,84369,84379,84385,84389,84447,84454,84462,84464,84496],[10,82524,3779,82526,3783],{"id":82525},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82527,82528],{},"max()",[14,82530,16,82531,82533],{},[18,82532,82528],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82535,82536],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[29,82538,82539,82542],{},[32,82540,82541],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[32,82543,82544],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82546,82547],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[48,82549,51],{"id":50},[53,82551,82553],{"className":55,"code":82552,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82554,82555,82579,82594,82598,82624,82628,82660],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82556,82557,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575,82577],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82558,225],{"class":68},[62,82560,73],{"class":72},[62,82562,96],{"class":95},[62,82564,2273],{"class":99},[62,82566,103],{"class":95},[62,82568,1409],{"class":99},[62,82570,103],{"class":95},[62,82572,284],{"class":99},[62,82574,103],{"class":95},[62,82576,4804],{"class":99},[62,82578,114],{"class":95},[62,82580,82581,82583,82585,82588,82590,82592],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,82582,128],{"class":127},[62,82584,131],{"class":95},[62,82586,82587],{"class":127},"max",[62,82589,131],{"class":95},[62,82591,348],{"class":139},[62,82593,1013],{"class":95},[62,82595,82596],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,82597,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,82599,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,82601,128],{"class":127},[62,82603,131],{"class":95},[62,82605,82587],{"class":127},[62,82607,131],{"class":95},[62,82609,2273],{"class":99},[62,82611,103],{"class":95},[62,82613,1409],{"class":99},[62,82615,103],{"class":95},[62,82617,284],{"class":99},[62,82619,103],{"class":95},[62,82621,4804],{"class":99},[62,82623,1013],{"class":95},[62,82625,82626],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,82627,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,82629,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,82631,4270],{"class":68},[62,82633,73],{"class":72},[62,82635,96],{"class":95},[62,82637,259],{"class":76},[62,82639,901],{"class":80},[62,82641,259],{"class":76},[62,82643,103],{"class":95},[62,82645,77],{"class":76},[62,82647,910],{"class":80},[62,82649,259],{"class":76},[62,82651,103],{"class":95},[62,82653,77],{"class":76},[62,82655,78691],{"class":80},[62,82657,259],{"class":76},[62,82659,114],{"class":95},[62,82661,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,82663,128],{"class":127},[62,82665,131],{"class":95},[62,82667,82587],{"class":127},[62,82669,131],{"class":95},[62,82671,4312],{"class":139},[62,82673,1013],{"class":95},[14,82675,2282],{},[53,82677,82679],{"className":55,"code":82678,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82680,82681,82685,82689],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82682,82683],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82684,2586],{"class":99},[62,82686,82687],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,82688,2586],{"class":99},[62,82690,82691],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,82692,82693],{"class":68},"pear\n",[14,82695,20120],{},[29,82697,82698,82704,82710],{},[32,82699,82700,82703],{},[18,82701,82702],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[32,82705,82706,82709],{},[18,82707,82708],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[32,82711,82712,82715],{},[18,82713,82714],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[48,82717,3879,82719,3882],{"id":82718},"what-max-does",[18,82720,82528],{},[14,82722,82723,267],{},[18,82724,82528],{},[29,82726,82727,82730,82733,82736],{},[32,82728,82729],{},"Returns the largest item",[32,82731,82732],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[32,82734,82735],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[32,82737,82738],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82740,82741],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82743,82744],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[48,82746,413],{"id":412},[14,82748,82749,82750,267],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82751,82528],{},[53,82753,82755],{"className":55,"code":82754,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82756,82757,82767,82791,82813,82836],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82758,82759,82761,82763,82765],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82760,82587],{"class":127},[62,82762,131],{"class":95},[62,82764,3923],{"class":139},[62,82766,434],{"class":95},[62,82768,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82780,82782,82784,82786,82789],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,82770,82587],{"class":127},[62,82772,131],{"class":95},[62,82774,3923],{"class":139},[62,82776,103],{"class":95},[62,82778,82779],{"class":72}," *",[62,82781,103],{"class":95},[62,82783,21742],{"class":9351},[62,82785,73],{"class":72},[62,82787,82788],{"class":139},"func",[62,82790,434],{"class":95},[62,82792,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,82794,82587],{"class":127},[62,82796,131],{"class":95},[62,82798,3923],{"class":139},[62,82800,103],{"class":95},[62,82802,82779],{"class":72},[62,82804,103],{"class":95},[62,82806,26684],{"class":9351},[62,82808,73],{"class":72},[62,82810,1632],{"class":139},[62,82812,434],{"class":95},[62,82814,82815,82817,82819,82822,82824,82827,82829,82831,82834],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,82816,82587],{"class":127},[62,82818,131],{"class":95},[62,82820,82821],{"class":139},"arg1",[62,82823,103],{"class":95},[62,82825,82826],{"class":139}," arg2",[62,82828,103],{"class":95},[62,82830,82779],{"class":72},[62,82832,82833],{"class":139},"args",[62,82835,434],{"class":95},[62,82837,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,82839,82587],{"class":127},[62,82841,131],{"class":95},[62,82843,82821],{"class":139},[62,82845,103],{"class":95},[62,82847,82826],{"class":139},[62,82849,103],{"class":95},[62,82851,82779],{"class":72},[62,82853,82833],{"class":139},[62,82855,103],{"class":95},[62,82857,21742],{"class":9351},[62,82859,73],{"class":72},[62,82861,82788],{"class":139},[62,82863,434],{"class":95},[14,82865,82866],{},"The most important parts are:",[29,82868,82869,82874,82879],{},[32,82870,82871,82873],{},[18,82872,3923],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[32,82875,82876,82878],{},[18,82877,15008],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[32,82880,82881,82884],{},[18,82882,82883],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[48,82886,1834,82888,82890],{"id":82887},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,82889,82528],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82892,82893],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[53,82895,82897],{"className":55,"code":82896,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,82898,82899,82925,82941,82945],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82900,82901,82903,82905,82907,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82923],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82902,969],{"class":68},[62,82904,73],{"class":72},[62,82906,96],{"class":95},[62,82908,82909],{"class":99},"72",[62,82911,103],{"class":95},[62,82913,981],{"class":99},[62,82915,103],{"class":95},[62,82917,13674],{"class":99},[62,82919,103],{"class":95},[62,82921,82922],{"class":99}," 66",[62,82924,114],{"class":95},[62,82926,82927,82930,82932,82935,82937,82939],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,82928,82929],{"class":68},"highest_score ",[62,82931,73],{"class":72},[62,82933,82934],{"class":127}," max",[62,82936,131],{"class":95},[62,82938,1010],{"class":139},[62,82940,434],{"class":95},[62,82942,82943],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,82944,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,82946,82947,82949,82951,82954],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,82948,128],{"class":127},[62,82950,131],{"class":95},[62,82952,82953],{"class":139},"highest_score",[62,82955,434],{"class":95},[14,82957,2282],{},[53,82959,82961],{"className":55,"code":82960,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"91\n",[18,82962,82963],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82964,82965],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82966,82960],{"class":99},[14,82968,82969],{},"This works well for:",[29,82971,82972,82975,82978,82981],{},[32,82973,82974],{},"Scores",[32,82976,82977],{},"Prices",[32,82979,82980],{},"Ages",[32,82982,82983],{},"Counts",[14,82985,1578],{},[53,82987,82989],{"className":55,"code":82988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,82990,82991,83019],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,82992,82993,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004,83007,83009,83012,83014,83017],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,82994,82995],{"class":68},"prices ",[62,82997,73],{"class":72},[62,82999,96],{"class":95},[62,83001,40551],{"class":99},[62,83003,103],{"class":95},[62,83005,83006],{"class":99}," 5.50",[62,83008,103],{"class":95},[62,83010,83011],{"class":99}," 12.75",[62,83013,103],{"class":95},[62,83015,83016],{"class":99}," 29.00",[62,83018,114],{"class":95},[62,83020,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83032],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83022,128],{"class":127},[62,83024,131],{"class":95},[62,83026,82587],{"class":127},[62,83028,131],{"class":95},[62,83030,83031],{"class":139},"prices",[62,83033,1013],{"class":95},[14,83035,2282],{},[53,83037,83039],{"className":55,"code":83038,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"29.0\n",[18,83040,83041],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83042,83043],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83044,83038],{"class":99},[14,83046,83047,83048,83050,83051,409],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,83049,82528],{}," is simpler than ",[262,83052,83053],{"href":74468},[18,83054,74371],{},[48,83056,1834,83058,83060],{"id":83057},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,83059,82528],{}," with separate values",[14,83062,83063],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[53,83065,83067],{"className":55,"code":83066,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,83068,83069],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83070,83071,83073,83075,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83072,128],{"class":127},[62,83074,131],{"class":95},[62,83076,82587],{"class":127},[62,83078,131],{"class":95},[62,83080,2708],{"class":99},[62,83082,103],{"class":95},[62,83084,1080],{"class":99},[62,83086,103],{"class":95},[62,83088,309],{"class":99},[62,83090,1013],{"class":95},[14,83092,2282],{},[53,83094,83095],{"className":55,"code":2430,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,83096,83097],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83098,83099],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83100,2430],{"class":99},[14,83102,83103],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83105,83106],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[53,83108,83110],{"className":55,"code":83109,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,83111,83112,83121,83129,83139,83143,83166],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83113,83114,83116,83118],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83115,2758],{"class":68},[62,83117,73],{"class":72},[62,83119,83120],{"class":99}," 15\n",[62,83122,83123,83125,83127],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83124,2786],{"class":68},[62,83126,73],{"class":72},[62,83128,2973],{"class":99},[62,83130,83131,83134,83136],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,83132,83133],{"class":68},"c ",[62,83135,73],{"class":72},[62,83137,83138],{"class":99}," 27\n",[62,83140,83141],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,83142,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,83144,83145,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,83146,83147],{"class":68},"largest ",[62,83149,73],{"class":72},[62,83151,82934],{"class":127},[62,83153,131],{"class":95},[62,83155,262],{"class":139},[62,83157,103],{"class":95},[62,83159,2763],{"class":139},[62,83161,103],{"class":95},[62,83163,9854],{"class":139},[62,83165,434],{"class":95},[62,83167,83168,83170,83172,83175],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,83169,128],{"class":127},[62,83171,131],{"class":95},[62,83173,83174],{"class":139},"largest",[62,83176,434],{"class":95},[14,83178,2282],{},[53,83180,83181],{"className":55,"code":46764,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,83182,83183],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83184,83185],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83186,46764],{"class":99},[14,83188,83189],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[48,83191,1834,83193,47211],{"id":83192},"using-max-with-strings",[18,83194,82528],{},[14,83196,83197,83199],{},[18,83198,82528],{}," can compare strings too.",[53,83201,83203],{"className":55,"code":83202,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83204,83205,83237],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83206,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223,83225,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83208,4270],{"class":68},[62,83210,73],{"class":72},[62,83212,96],{"class":95},[62,83214,259],{"class":76},[62,83216,901],{"class":80},[62,83218,259],{"class":76},[62,83220,103],{"class":95},[62,83222,77],{"class":76},[62,83224,910],{"class":80},[62,83226,259],{"class":76},[62,83228,103],{"class":95},[62,83230,77],{"class":76},[62,83232,78691],{"class":80},[62,83234,259],{"class":76},[62,83236,114],{"class":95},[62,83238,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83240,128],{"class":127},[62,83242,131],{"class":95},[62,83244,82587],{"class":127},[62,83246,131],{"class":95},[62,83248,4312],{"class":139},[62,83250,1013],{"class":95},[14,83252,2282],{},[53,83254,83255],{"className":55,"code":82693,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,83256,83257],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83258,83259],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83260,82693],{"class":68},[14,83262,83263],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83265,68230],{},[29,83267,83268,83277,83280],{},[32,83269,83270,83273,83274,83276],{},[18,83271,83272],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83275,65221],{}," alphabetically",[32,83278,83279],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[32,83281,83282],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83284,201],{},[53,83286,83288],{"className":55,"code":83287,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83289,83290,83323],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83291,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83311,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83293,4270],{"class":68},[62,83295,73],{"class":72},[62,83297,96],{"class":95},[62,83299,259],{"class":76},[62,83301,901],{"class":80},[62,83303,259],{"class":76},[62,83305,103],{"class":95},[62,83307,77],{"class":76},[62,83309,83310],{"class":80},"Banana",[62,83312,259],{"class":76},[62,83314,103],{"class":95},[62,83316,77],{"class":76},[62,83318,78691],{"class":80},[62,83320,259],{"class":76},[62,83322,114],{"class":95},[62,83324,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83326,128],{"class":127},[62,83328,131],{"class":95},[62,83330,82587],{"class":127},[62,83332,131],{"class":95},[62,83334,4312],{"class":139},[62,83336,1013],{"class":95},[14,83338,83339],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83341,83342,83343,83345],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83344,15008],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[48,83347,36774,83348,36777],{"id":78649},[18,83349,15008],{},[14,83351,2191,83352,83354],{},[18,83353,15008],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83356,83357],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1256,83359,83361],{"id":83360},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[53,83363,83365],{"className":55,"code":83364,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83366,83367,83399],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83368,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83370,4270],{"class":68},[62,83372,73],{"class":72},[62,83374,96],{"class":95},[62,83376,259],{"class":76},[62,83378,37209],{"class":80},[62,83380,259],{"class":76},[62,83382,103],{"class":95},[62,83384,77],{"class":76},[62,83386,68273],{"class":80},[62,83388,259],{"class":76},[62,83390,103],{"class":95},[62,83392,77],{"class":76},[62,83394,58072],{"class":80},[62,83396,259],{"class":76},[62,83398,114],{"class":95},[62,83400,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83402,128],{"class":127},[62,83404,131],{"class":95},[62,83406,82587],{"class":127},[62,83408,131],{"class":95},[62,83410,4312],{"class":139},[62,83412,103],{"class":95},[62,83414,21742],{"class":9351},[62,83416,73],{"class":72},[62,83418,134],{"class":127},[62,83420,1013],{"class":95},[14,83422,2282],{},[53,83424,83426],{"className":55,"code":83425,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"elephant\n",[18,83427,83428],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83429,83430],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83431,83425],{"class":68},[14,83433,20933,83434,83437],{},[18,83435,83436],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83439,83440,83441,33791,83443,409],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83442,20],{},[262,83444,83445,5979],{"href":42510},[18,83446,20],{},[1256,83448,83450],{"id":83449},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[53,83452,83454],{"className":55,"code":83453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83455,83456,83488],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83457,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484,83486],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83459,4270],{"class":68},[62,83461,73],{"class":72},[62,83463,96],{"class":95},[62,83465,259],{"class":76},[62,83467,901],{"class":80},[62,83469,259],{"class":76},[62,83471,103],{"class":95},[62,83473,77],{"class":76},[62,83475,83310],{"class":80},[62,83477,259],{"class":76},[62,83479,103],{"class":95},[62,83481,77],{"class":76},[62,83483,78691],{"class":80},[62,83485,259],{"class":76},[62,83487,114],{"class":95},[62,83489,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83491,128],{"class":127},[62,83493,131],{"class":95},[62,83495,82587],{"class":127},[62,83497,131],{"class":95},[62,83499,4312],{"class":139},[62,83501,103],{"class":95},[62,83503,21742],{"class":9351},[62,83505,73],{"class":72},[62,83507,3646],{"class":430},[62,83509,409],{"class":95},[62,83511,8819],{"class":24910},[62,83513,1013],{"class":95},[14,83515,2282],{},[53,83517,83518],{"className":55,"code":82693,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,83519,83520],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83521,83522],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83523,82693],{"class":68},[14,83525,20933,83526,83528],{},[18,83527,78645],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1256,83530,83532],{"id":83531},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83534,83535,83536,267],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83537,37820],{},[53,83539,83541],{"className":55,"code":83540,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83542,83543,83586],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83544,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559,83561,83564,83566,83568,83570,83573,83575,83577,83579,83582,83584],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83546,90],{"class":68},[62,83548,73],{"class":72},[62,83550,96],{"class":95},[62,83552,259],{"class":76},[62,83554,262],{"class":80},[62,83556,259],{"class":76},[62,83558,103],{"class":95},[62,83560,77],{"class":76},[62,83562,83563],{"class":80},"bb",[62,83565,259],{"class":76},[62,83567,103],{"class":95},[62,83569,77],{"class":76},[62,83571,83572],{"class":80},"cccc",[62,83574,259],{"class":76},[62,83576,103],{"class":95},[62,83578,77],{"class":76},[62,83580,83581],{"class":80},"ddd",[62,83583,259],{"class":76},[62,83585,114],{"class":95},[62,83587,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83589,128],{"class":127},[62,83591,131],{"class":95},[62,83593,82587],{"class":127},[62,83595,131],{"class":95},[62,83597,161],{"class":139},[62,83599,103],{"class":95},[62,83601,21742],{"class":9351},[62,83603,73],{"class":72},[62,83605,37820],{"class":2276},[62,83607,42992],{"class":37823},[62,83609,267],{"class":95},[62,83611,733],{"class":127},[62,83613,131],{"class":95},[62,83615,140],{"class":139},[62,83617,3115],{"class":95},[14,83619,2282],{},[53,83621,83623],{"className":55,"code":83622,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"cccc\n",[18,83624,83625],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83626,83627],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83628,83622],{"class":68},[14,83630,49700,83631,1940,83633,83635],{},[18,83632,83436],{},[18,83634,78532],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[48,83637,36774,83639,36777],{"id":83638},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83640,82883],{},[14,83642,2191,83643,83645],{},[18,83644,82883],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83647,83648],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[53,83650,83652],{"className":55,"code":83651,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83653,83654,83662],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83655,83656,83658,83660],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83657,225],{"class":68},[62,83659,73],{"class":72},[62,83661,1273],{"class":95},[62,83663,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83665,128],{"class":127},[62,83667,131],{"class":95},[62,83669,82587],{"class":127},[62,83671,131],{"class":95},[62,83673,348],{"class":139},[62,83675,103],{"class":95},[62,83677,26684],{"class":9351},[62,83679,73],{"class":72},[62,83681,665],{"class":99},[62,83683,1013],{"class":95},[14,83685,2282],{},[53,83687,83688],{"className":55,"code":47404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,83689,83690],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83691,83692],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83693,47404],{"class":99},[14,83695,83696],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83698,83699,83700,83702],{},"Without ",[18,83701,82883],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83704,1578],{},[53,83706,83708],{"className":55,"code":83707,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83709,83710,83718,83745],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83711,83712,83714,83716],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83713,4270],{"class":68},[62,83715,73],{"class":72},[62,83717,1273],{"class":95},[62,83719,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83741,83743],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83721,2435],{"class":68},[62,83723,73],{"class":72},[62,83725,82934],{"class":127},[62,83727,131],{"class":95},[62,83729,4312],{"class":139},[62,83731,103],{"class":95},[62,83733,26684],{"class":9351},[62,83735,73],{"class":72},[62,83737,259],{"class":76},[62,83739,83740],{"class":80},"no words found",[62,83742,259],{"class":76},[62,83744,434],{"class":95},[62,83746,83747,83749,83751,83753],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,83748,128],{"class":127},[62,83750,131],{"class":95},[62,83752,2470],{"class":139},[62,83754,434],{"class":95},[14,83756,2282],{},[53,83758,83760],{"className":55,"code":83759,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"no words found\n",[18,83761,83762],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83763,83764],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83765,83759],{"class":68},[14,83767,83768],{},"Important:",[29,83770,83771,83779],{},[32,83772,83773,83775,83776],{},[18,83774,82883],{}," works with ",[18,83777,83778],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[32,83780,41059,83781,83783,83784],{},[3946,83782,4830],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83785,83786],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[48,83788,48139],{"id":48138},[14,83790,83791,83792,409],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83793,82528],{},[1256,83795,83797,83799],{"id":83796},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83798,40857],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83801,83802,83803,46060,83805,409],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83804,82883],{},[18,83806,40857],{},[53,83808,83810],{"className":55,"code":83809,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83811,83812,83820],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83813,83814,83816,83818],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83815,225],{"class":68},[62,83817,73],{"class":72},[62,83819,1273],{"class":95},[62,83821,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83823,128],{"class":127},[62,83825,131],{"class":95},[62,83827,82587],{"class":127},[62,83829,131],{"class":95},[62,83831,348],{"class":139},[62,83833,1013],{"class":95},[14,83835,29842],{},[53,83837,83839],{"className":55,"code":83838,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83840,83841],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83842,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83854,83856],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83844,40857],{"class":430},[62,83846,267],{"class":95},[62,83848,82934],{"class":127},[62,83850,7557],{"class":95},[62,83852,83853],{"class":68}," arg ",[62,83855,1791],{"class":72},[62,83857,83858],{"class":68}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83860,83861,83862,267],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,83863,82883],{},[53,83865,83867],{"className":55,"code":83866,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,83868,83869,83877],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83870,83871,83873,83875],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83872,225],{"class":68},[62,83874,73],{"class":72},[62,83876,1273],{"class":95},[62,83878,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83880,128],{"class":127},[62,83882,131],{"class":95},[62,83884,82587],{"class":127},[62,83886,131],{"class":95},[62,83888,348],{"class":139},[62,83890,103],{"class":95},[62,83892,26684],{"class":9351},[62,83894,73],{"class":72},[62,83896,1548],{"class":1618},[62,83898,1013],{"class":95},[14,83900,83901,83902,409],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[262,83903,65786],{"href":72825},[1256,83905,83907,83909],{"id":83906},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,83908,1535],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83911,83912,83913,409],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,83914,1535],{},[53,83916,83918],{"className":55,"code":83917,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83919,83920,83944],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83921,83922,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83923,90],{"class":68},[62,83925,73],{"class":72},[62,83927,96],{"class":95},[62,83929,100],{"class":99},[62,83931,103],{"class":95},[62,83933,77],{"class":76},[62,83935,15921],{"class":80},[62,83937,259],{"class":76},[62,83939,103],{"class":95},[62,83941,111],{"class":99},[62,83943,114],{"class":95},[62,83945,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83947,128],{"class":127},[62,83949,131],{"class":95},[62,83951,82587],{"class":127},[62,83953,131],{"class":95},[62,83955,161],{"class":139},[62,83957,1013],{"class":95},[14,83959,83960],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83962,83963],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[53,83965,83967],{"className":55,"code":83966,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83968,83969,83989],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,83970,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,83972,90],{"class":68},[62,83974,73],{"class":72},[62,83976,96],{"class":95},[62,83978,100],{"class":99},[62,83980,103],{"class":95},[62,83982,106],{"class":99},[62,83984,103],{"class":95},[62,83986,111],{"class":99},[62,83988,114],{"class":95},[62,83990,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,83992,128],{"class":127},[62,83994,131],{"class":95},[62,83996,82587],{"class":127},[62,83998,131],{"class":95},[62,84000,161],{"class":139},[62,84002,1013],{"class":95},[14,84004,84005,84006,409],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[262,84007,84009],{"href":84008},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1256,84011,84013,84015],{"id":84012},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,84014,1535],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84017,84018,84020],{},[18,84019,82528],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[53,84022,84024],{"className":55,"code":84023,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(max())\n",[18,84025,84026],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84027,84028,84030,84032,84034],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84029,128],{"class":127},[62,84031,131],{"class":95},[62,84033,82587],{"class":127},[62,84035,7385],{"class":95},[14,84037,3204,84038,409],{},[18,84039,1535],{},[48,84041,84043,10756,84045],{"id":84042},"max-vs-sorted",[18,84044,82528],{},[18,84046,74371],{},[14,84048,84049],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84051,84052,267],{},[18,84053,82528],{},[29,84055,84056],{},[32,84057,84058],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84060,84061,267],{},[18,84062,74371],{},[29,84064,84065],{},[32,84066,84067],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84069,201],{},[53,84071,84073],{"className":55,"code":84072,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,84074,84075,84099,84103,84117],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84076,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84078,225],{"class":68},[62,84080,73],{"class":72},[62,84082,96],{"class":95},[62,84084,2273],{"class":99},[62,84086,103],{"class":95},[62,84088,1409],{"class":99},[62,84090,103],{"class":95},[62,84092,284],{"class":99},[62,84094,103],{"class":95},[62,84096,4804],{"class":99},[62,84098,114],{"class":95},[62,84100,84101],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84102,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,84104,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,84106,128],{"class":127},[62,84108,131],{"class":95},[62,84110,82587],{"class":127},[62,84112,131],{"class":95},[62,84114,348],{"class":139},[62,84116,1013],{"class":95},[62,84118,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,84120,128],{"class":127},[62,84122,131],{"class":95},[62,84124,74461],{"class":127},[62,84126,131],{"class":95},[62,84128,348],{"class":139},[62,84130,1013],{"class":95},[14,84132,2282],{},[53,84134,84136],{"className":55,"code":84135,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,84137,84138,84142],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84139,84140],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84141,2586],{"class":99},[62,84143,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84145,948],{"class":95},[62,84147,1935],{"class":99},[62,84149,103],{"class":95},[62,84151,508],{"class":99},[62,84153,103],{"class":95},[62,84155,4804],{"class":99},[62,84157,103],{"class":95},[62,84159,1409],{"class":99},[62,84161,114],{"class":95},[14,84163,169,84164,84166],{},[18,84165,82528],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84168,169,84169,84173],{},[262,84170,84171],{"href":74468},[18,84172,74371],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84175,84176,84177,409],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[262,84178,84180],{"href":84179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,84181,84182],{},"min()",[48,84184,1824],{"id":1823},[14,84186,84187],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[29,84189,84190,84197,84200,84205,84208],{},[32,84191,29811,84192,84194,84195],{},[18,84193,82528],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,84196,82883],{},[32,84198,84199],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[32,84201,8631,84202,84204],{},[18,84203,82528],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[32,84206,84207],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[32,84209,1834,84210,84212],{},[18,84211,82883],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84214,11285],{},[53,84216,84218],{"className":55,"code":84217,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,84219,84220,84230,84244,84258,84272,84294],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84221,84222,84224,84226,84228],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84223,128],{"class":127},[62,84225,131],{"class":95},[62,84227,161],{"class":139},[62,84229,434],{"class":95},[62,84231,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84233,128],{"class":127},[62,84235,131],{"class":95},[62,84237,1690],{"class":430},[62,84239,131],{"class":95},[62,84241,161],{"class":139},[62,84243,1013],{"class":95},[62,84245,84246,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,84247,128],{"class":127},[62,84249,131],{"class":95},[62,84251,134],{"class":127},[62,84253,131],{"class":95},[62,84255,161],{"class":139},[62,84257,1013],{"class":95},[62,84259,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,84261,128],{"class":127},[62,84263,131],{"class":95},[62,84265,82587],{"class":127},[62,84267,131],{"class":95},[62,84269,161],{"class":139},[62,84271,1013],{"class":95},[62,84273,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,84275,128],{"class":127},[62,84277,131],{"class":95},[62,84279,82587],{"class":127},[62,84281,131],{"class":95},[62,84283,161],{"class":139},[62,84285,103],{"class":95},[62,84287,26684],{"class":9351},[62,84289,73],{"class":72},[62,84291,1548],{"class":1618},[62,84293,1013],{"class":95},[62,84295,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310,84312,84314,84316],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,84297,128],{"class":127},[62,84299,496],{"class":95},[62,84301,1690],{"class":430},[62,84303,131],{"class":95},[62,84305,552],{"class":139},[62,84307,741],{"class":95},[62,84309,4076],{"class":729},[62,84311,4079],{"class":139},[62,84313,4082],{"class":729},[62,84315,6162],{"class":139},[62,84317,4088],{"class":95},[14,84319,84320],{},"These are useful for checking:",[29,84322,84323,84328,84333,84336],{},[32,84324,84325,84326],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84327,161],{},[32,84329,79698,84330,84332],{},[18,84331,161],{}," is a list or some other type",[32,84334,84335],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[32,84337,84338],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84340,69294,84341,84344,84345,84347],{},[18,84342,84343],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84346,161],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[48,84349,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,84351,5340,84353,5343],{"id":84352},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84354,82528],{},[14,84356,84357],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1256,84359,5368,84361,84363],{"id":84360},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84362,82528],{}," work with strings?",[14,84365,84366],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1256,84368,71593],{"id":71592},[14,84370,84371,2026,84373,84375,84376,84378],{},[18,84372,82528],{},[18,84374,40857],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84377,82883],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1256,84380,84382,84383,632],{"id":84381},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84384,82528],{},[14,84386,169,84387,267],{},[18,84388,83436],{},[53,84390,84391],{"className":55,"code":83364,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,84392,84393,84425],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84394,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84396,4270],{"class":68},[62,84398,73],{"class":72},[62,84400,96],{"class":95},[62,84402,259],{"class":76},[62,84404,37209],{"class":80},[62,84406,259],{"class":76},[62,84408,103],{"class":95},[62,84410,77],{"class":76},[62,84412,68273],{"class":80},[62,84414,259],{"class":76},[62,84416,103],{"class":95},[62,84418,77],{"class":76},[62,84420,58072],{"class":80},[62,84422,259],{"class":76},[62,84424,114],{"class":95},[62,84426,84427,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84428,128],{"class":127},[62,84430,131],{"class":95},[62,84432,82587],{"class":127},[62,84434,131],{"class":95},[62,84436,4312],{"class":139},[62,84438,103],{"class":95},[62,84440,21742],{"class":9351},[62,84442,73],{"class":72},[62,84444,134],{"class":127},[62,84446,1013],{"class":95},[1256,84448,5378,84450,1940,84452,632],{"id":84449},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84451,82528],{},[18,84453,74371],{},[14,84455,84456,84458,84459,84461],{},[18,84457,82528],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":84500},[84501,84502,84504,84505,84507,84509,84511,84516,84518,84526,84528,84529,84540],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":82718,"depth":87,"text":84503},"What max() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":82887,"depth":87,"text":84506},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83057,"depth":87,"text":84508},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83192,"depth":87,"text":84510},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78649,"depth":87,"text":79847,"children":84512},[84513,84514,84515],{"id":83360,"depth":117,"text":83361},{"id":83449,"depth":117,"text":83450},{"id":83531,"depth":117,"text":83532},{"id":83638,"depth":87,"text":84517},"Using the default argument",{"id":48138,"depth":87,"text":48139,"children":84519},[84520,84522,84524],{"id":83796,"depth":117,"text":84521},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83906,"depth":117,"text":84523},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84012,"depth":117,"text":84525},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84042,"depth":87,"text":84527},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":84530},[84531,84533,84535,84536,84538],{"id":84352,"depth":117,"text":84532},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84360,"depth":117,"text":84534},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71592,"depth":117,"text":71593},{"id":84381,"depth":117,"text":84537},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84449,"depth":117,"text":84539},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82520,"description":84541},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84548,"title":84549,"body":84550,"description":86504,"extension":2174,"meta":86505,"navigation":120,"path":86506,"seo":86507,"stem":86508,"__hash__":86509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84551,"toc":86461},[84552,84557,84562,84568,84570,84644,84646,84659,84664,84669,84685,84689,84694,84770,84776,84779,84822,84824,84832,84838,84841,84872,84874,84882,84888,84893,84952,84954,84963,84966,84976,84982,84987,85022,85024,85032,85038,85044,85049,85093,85095,85104,85107,85147,85149,85158,85161,85173,85178,85183,85234,85236,85245,85248,85299,85301,85310,85313,85320,85326,85331,85333,85348,85352,85412,85414,85423,85427,85599,85601,85638,85645,85651,85654,85681,85683,85704,85709,85744,85746,85754,85757,85760,85776,85781,85783,85787,85793,85797,85824,85827,85837,85877,85881,85884,85927,85929,85938,85941,85946,86015,86017,86025,86030,86034,86037,86088,86090,86098,86101,86164,86166,86174,86177,86182,86186,86199,86206,86214,86216,86218,86248,86254,86355,86365,86367,86372,86375,86380,86383,86385,86393,86401,86409,86416,86424,86426,86458],[10,84553,3779,84555,3783],{"id":84554},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84556,84182],{},[14,84558,84559,84561],{},[18,84560,84182],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84563,84564,84565,84567],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84566,84182],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[48,84569,51],{"id":50},[53,84571,84573],{"className":55,"code":84572,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84574,84575,84599,84614,84618],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84576,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595,84597],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84578,225],{"class":68},[62,84580,73],{"class":72},[62,84582,96],{"class":95},[62,84584,299],{"class":99},[62,84586,103],{"class":95},[62,84588,284],{"class":99},[62,84590,103],{"class":95},[62,84592,54080],{"class":99},[62,84594,103],{"class":95},[62,84596,270],{"class":99},[62,84598,114],{"class":95},[62,84600,84601,84603,84605,84608,84610,84612],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84602,128],{"class":127},[62,84604,131],{"class":95},[62,84606,84607],{"class":127},"min",[62,84609,131],{"class":95},[62,84611,348],{"class":139},[62,84613,1013],{"class":95},[62,84615,84616],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,84617,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,84619,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,84621,128],{"class":127},[62,84623,131],{"class":95},[62,84625,84607],{"class":127},[62,84627,131],{"class":95},[62,84629,299],{"class":99},[62,84631,103],{"class":95},[62,84633,284],{"class":99},[62,84635,103],{"class":95},[62,84637,54080],{"class":99},[62,84639,103],{"class":95},[62,84641,270],{"class":99},[62,84643,1013],{"class":95},[14,84645,2282],{},[53,84647,84649],{"className":55,"code":84648,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1\n1\n",[18,84650,84651,84655],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84652,84653],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84654,47069],{"class":99},[62,84656,84657],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84658,47069],{"class":99},[14,84660,169,84661,84663],{},[18,84662,84182],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[48,84665,3879,84667,3882],{"id":84666},"what-min-does",[18,84668,84182],{},[29,84670,84671,84676,84679,84682],{},[32,84672,84673,84675],{},[18,84674,84182],{}," returns the smallest item",[32,84677,84678],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[32,84680,84681],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[32,84683,84684],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[48,84686,84688],{"id":84687},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84690,84691,84692,267],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84693,84182],{},[53,84695,84697],{"className":55,"code":84696,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84698,84699,84709,84734,84752],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84700,84701,84703,84705,84707],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84702,84607],{"class":127},[62,84704,131],{"class":95},[62,84706,3923],{"class":139},[62,84708,434],{"class":95},[62,84710,84711,84713,84715,84718,84720,84723,84725,84728,84730,84732],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84712,84607],{"class":127},[62,84714,131],{"class":95},[62,84716,84717],{"class":139},"value1",[62,84719,103],{"class":95},[62,84721,84722],{"class":139}," value2",[62,84724,103],{"class":95},[62,84726,84727],{"class":139}," value3",[62,84729,103],{"class":95},[62,84731,34617],{"class":127},[62,84733,434],{"class":95},[62,84735,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,84737,84607],{"class":127},[62,84739,131],{"class":95},[62,84741,3923],{"class":139},[62,84743,103],{"class":95},[62,84745,21742],{"class":9351},[62,84747,73],{"class":72},[62,84749,37533],{"class":127},[62,84751,434],{"class":95},[62,84753,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,84755,84607],{"class":127},[62,84757,131],{"class":95},[62,84759,3923],{"class":139},[62,84761,103],{"class":95},[62,84763,26684],{"class":9351},[62,84765,73],{"class":72},[62,84767,37533],{"class":127},[62,84769,434],{"class":95},[1256,84771,84773],{"id":84772},"miniterable",[18,84774,84775],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84777,84778],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[53,84780,84782],{"className":55,"code":84781,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84783,84784,84808],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84785,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800,84802,84804,84806],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84787,225],{"class":68},[62,84789,73],{"class":72},[62,84791,96],{"class":95},[62,84793,2550],{"class":99},[62,84795,103],{"class":95},[62,84797,508],{"class":99},[62,84799,103],{"class":95},[62,84801,1080],{"class":99},[62,84803,103],{"class":95},[62,84805,270],{"class":99},[62,84807,114],{"class":95},[62,84809,84810,84812,84814,84816,84818,84820],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84811,128],{"class":127},[62,84813,131],{"class":95},[62,84815,84607],{"class":127},[62,84817,131],{"class":95},[62,84819,348],{"class":139},[62,84821,1013],{"class":95},[14,84823,2282],{},[53,84825,84826],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,84827,84828],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84829,84830],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84831,47069],{"class":99},[1256,84833,84835],{"id":84834},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84836,84837],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84839,84840],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[53,84842,84844],{"className":55,"code":84843,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84845,84846],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84847,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84849,128],{"class":127},[62,84851,131],{"class":95},[62,84853,84607],{"class":127},[62,84855,131],{"class":95},[62,84857,2550],{"class":99},[62,84859,103],{"class":95},[62,84861,508],{"class":99},[62,84863,103],{"class":95},[62,84865,1080],{"class":99},[62,84867,103],{"class":95},[62,84869,270],{"class":99},[62,84871,1013],{"class":95},[14,84873,2282],{},[53,84875,84876],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,84877,84878],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84879,84880],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84881,47069],{"class":99},[1256,84883,84885],{"id":84884},"miniterable-key",[18,84886,84887],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84889,169,84890,84892],{},[18,84891,15008],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[53,84894,84896],{"className":55,"code":84895,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,84897,84898,84930],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84899,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84901,4270],{"class":68},[62,84903,73],{"class":72},[62,84905,96],{"class":95},[62,84907,259],{"class":76},[62,84909,78691],{"class":80},[62,84911,259],{"class":76},[62,84913,103],{"class":95},[62,84915,77],{"class":76},[62,84917,38497],{"class":80},[62,84919,259],{"class":76},[62,84921,103],{"class":95},[62,84923,77],{"class":76},[62,84925,910],{"class":80},[62,84927,259],{"class":76},[62,84929,114],{"class":95},[62,84931,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,84933,128],{"class":127},[62,84935,131],{"class":95},[62,84937,84607],{"class":127},[62,84939,131],{"class":95},[62,84941,4312],{"class":139},[62,84943,103],{"class":95},[62,84945,21742],{"class":9351},[62,84947,73],{"class":72},[62,84949,134],{"class":127},[62,84951,1013],{"class":95},[14,84953,2282],{},[53,84955,84957],{"className":55,"code":84956,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"kiwi\n",[18,84958,84959],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84960,84961],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84962,84956],{"class":68},[14,84964,84965],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84967,84968,84969,84971,84972,409],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,84970,20],{},", see the ",[262,84973,84974,3712],{"href":42510},[18,84975,20],{},[1256,84977,84979],{"id":84978},"miniterable-default",[18,84980,84981],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84983,169,84984,84986],{},[18,84985,82883],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[53,84988,84990],{"className":55,"code":84989,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,84991,84992,85000],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,84993,84994,84996,84998],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,84995,225],{"class":68},[62,84997,73],{"class":72},[62,84999,1273],{"class":95},[62,85001,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85003,128],{"class":127},[62,85005,131],{"class":95},[62,85007,84607],{"class":127},[62,85009,131],{"class":95},[62,85011,348],{"class":139},[62,85013,103],{"class":95},[62,85015,26684],{"class":9351},[62,85017,73],{"class":72},[62,85019,665],{"class":99},[62,85021,1013],{"class":95},[14,85023,2282],{},[53,85025,85026],{"className":55,"code":47404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,85027,85028],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85029,85030],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85031,47404],{"class":99},[14,85033,85034,85035,85037],{},"This avoids a ",[18,85036,40857],{}," when there is no item to return.",[48,85039,1834,85041,85043],{"id":85040},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,85042,84182],{}," with numbers",[14,85045,85046,85048],{},[18,85047,84182],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[53,85050,85052],{"className":55,"code":85051,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,85053,85054,85079],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85055,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85057,969],{"class":68},[62,85059,73],{"class":72},[62,85061,96],{"class":95},[62,85063,976],{"class":99},[62,85065,103],{"class":95},[62,85067,85068],{"class":99}," 72",[62,85070,103],{"class":95},[62,85072,29067],{"class":99},[62,85074,103],{"class":95},[62,85076,76047],{"class":99},[62,85078,114],{"class":95},[62,85080,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85082,128],{"class":127},[62,85084,131],{"class":95},[62,85086,84607],{"class":127},[62,85088,131],{"class":95},[62,85090,1010],{"class":139},[62,85092,1013],{"class":95},[14,85094,2282],{},[53,85096,85098],{"className":55,"code":85097,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"60\n",[18,85099,85100],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85101,85102],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85103,85097],{"class":99},[14,85105,85106],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[53,85108,85110],{"className":55,"code":85109,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,85111,85112,85133],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85113,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85127,85129,85131],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85115,82995],{"class":68},[62,85117,73],{"class":72},[62,85119,96],{"class":95},[62,85121,40551],{"class":99},[62,85123,103],{"class":95},[62,85125,85126],{"class":99}," 5.49",[62,85128,103],{"class":95},[62,85130,83011],{"class":99},[62,85132,114],{"class":95},[62,85134,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85136,128],{"class":127},[62,85138,131],{"class":95},[62,85140,84607],{"class":127},[62,85142,131],{"class":95},[62,85144,83031],{"class":139},[62,85146,1013],{"class":95},[14,85148,2282],{},[53,85150,85152],{"className":55,"code":85151,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"5.49\n",[18,85153,85154],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85155,85156],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85157,85151],{"class":99},[14,85159,85160],{},"This is useful for things like:",[29,85162,85163,85165,85167,85170],{},[32,85164,1010],{},[32,85166,83031],{},[32,85168,85169],{},"measurements",[32,85171,85172],{},"ages",[48,85174,1834,85176,47211],{"id":85175},"using-min-with-strings",[18,85177,84182],{},[14,85179,85180,85182],{},[18,85181,84182],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[53,85184,85186],{"className":55,"code":85185,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85187,85188,85220],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85189,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85191,4270],{"class":68},[62,85193,73],{"class":72},[62,85195,96],{"class":95},[62,85197,259],{"class":76},[62,85199,910],{"class":80},[62,85201,259],{"class":76},[62,85203,103],{"class":95},[62,85205,77],{"class":76},[62,85207,901],{"class":80},[62,85209,259],{"class":76},[62,85211,103],{"class":95},[62,85213,77],{"class":76},[62,85215,4295],{"class":80},[62,85217,259],{"class":76},[62,85219,114],{"class":95},[62,85221,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85223,128],{"class":127},[62,85225,131],{"class":95},[62,85227,84607],{"class":127},[62,85229,131],{"class":95},[62,85231,4312],{"class":139},[62,85233,1013],{"class":95},[14,85235,2282],{},[53,85237,85239],{"className":55,"code":85238,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"apple\n",[18,85240,85241],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85242,85243],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85244,85238],{"class":68},[14,85246,85247],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[53,85249,85251],{"className":55,"code":85250,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85252,85253,85285],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85254,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85256,4270],{"class":68},[62,85258,73],{"class":72},[62,85260,96],{"class":95},[62,85262,259],{"class":76},[62,85264,910],{"class":80},[62,85266,259],{"class":76},[62,85268,103],{"class":95},[62,85270,77],{"class":76},[62,85272,57713],{"class":80},[62,85274,259],{"class":76},[62,85276,103],{"class":95},[62,85278,77],{"class":76},[62,85280,4295],{"class":80},[62,85282,259],{"class":76},[62,85284,114],{"class":95},[62,85286,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85288,128],{"class":127},[62,85290,131],{"class":95},[62,85292,84607],{"class":127},[62,85294,131],{"class":95},[62,85296,4312],{"class":139},[62,85298,1013],{"class":95},[14,85300,2282],{},[53,85302,85304],{"className":55,"code":85303,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Apple\n",[18,85305,85306],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85307,85308],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85309,85303],{"class":68},[14,85311,85312],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85314,85315,85316,409],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[262,85317,85318,5979],{"href":74468},[18,85319,74371],{},[48,85321,1834,85323,85325],{"id":85322},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85324,84182],{}," with a key function",[14,85327,2191,85328,85330],{},[18,85329,15008],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85332,11631],{},[29,85334,85335,85340,85345],{},[32,85336,85337,85339],{},[18,85338,15008],{}," changes the comparison rule",[32,85341,85342,85344],{},[18,85343,84182],{}," still returns the original item",[32,85346,85347],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1256,85349,85351],{"id":85350},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[53,85353,85355],{"className":55,"code":85354,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85356,85357,85390],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85358,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85386,85388],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85360,4270],{"class":68},[62,85362,73],{"class":72},[62,85364,96],{"class":95},[62,85366,259],{"class":76},[62,85368,68273],{"class":80},[62,85370,259],{"class":76},[62,85372,103],{"class":95},[62,85374,77],{"class":76},[62,85376,37209],{"class":80},[62,85378,259],{"class":76},[62,85380,103],{"class":95},[62,85382,77],{"class":76},[62,85384,85385],{"class":80},"giraffe",[62,85387,259],{"class":76},[62,85389,114],{"class":95},[62,85391,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85393,128],{"class":127},[62,85395,131],{"class":95},[62,85397,84607],{"class":127},[62,85399,131],{"class":95},[62,85401,4312],{"class":139},[62,85403,103],{"class":95},[62,85405,21742],{"class":9351},[62,85407,73],{"class":72},[62,85409,134],{"class":127},[62,85411,1013],{"class":95},[14,85413,2282],{},[53,85415,85417],{"className":55,"code":85416,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"cat\n",[18,85418,85419],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85420,85421],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85422,85416],{"class":68},[1256,85424,85426],{"id":85425},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[53,85428,85430],{"className":55,"code":85429,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85431,85432,85442,85477,85509,85541,85545,85549,85588],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85433,85434,85437,85439],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85435,85436],{"class":68},"students ",[62,85438,73],{"class":72},[62,85440,85441],{"class":95}," [\n",[62,85443,85444,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85468,85470,85472,85474],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85445,85446],{"class":95},"    {",[62,85448,259],{"class":76},[62,85450,329],{"class":80},[62,85452,259],{"class":76},[62,85454,267],{"class":95},[62,85456,77],{"class":76},[62,85458,1896],{"class":80},[62,85460,259],{"class":76},[62,85462,103],{"class":95},[62,85464,77],{"class":76},[62,85466,85467],{"class":80},"score",[62,85469,259],{"class":76},[62,85471,267],{"class":95},[62,85473,13674],{"class":99},[62,85475,85476],{"class":95},"},\n",[62,85478,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,85480,85446],{"class":95},[62,85482,259],{"class":76},[62,85484,329],{"class":80},[62,85486,259],{"class":76},[62,85488,267],{"class":95},[62,85490,77],{"class":76},[62,85492,36103],{"class":80},[62,85494,259],{"class":76},[62,85496,103],{"class":95},[62,85498,77],{"class":76},[62,85500,85467],{"class":80},[62,85502,259],{"class":76},[62,85504,267],{"class":95},[62,85506,85068],{"class":99},[62,85508,85476],{"class":95},[62,85510,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,85512,85446],{"class":95},[62,85514,259],{"class":76},[62,85516,329],{"class":80},[62,85518,259],{"class":76},[62,85520,267],{"class":95},[62,85522,77],{"class":76},[62,85524,36112],{"class":80},[62,85526,259],{"class":76},[62,85528,103],{"class":95},[62,85530,77],{"class":76},[62,85532,85467],{"class":80},[62,85534,259],{"class":76},[62,85536,267],{"class":95},[62,85538,20061],{"class":99},[62,85540,287],{"class":95},[62,85542,85543],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,85544,114],{"class":95},[62,85546,85547],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,85548,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,85550,85551,85554,85556,85559,85561,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582,85584,85586],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,85552,85553],{"class":68},"lowest ",[62,85555,73],{"class":72},[62,85557,85558],{"class":127}," min",[62,85560,131],{"class":95},[62,85562,85563],{"class":139},"students",[62,85565,103],{"class":95},[62,85567,21742],{"class":9351},[62,85569,73],{"class":72},[62,85571,37820],{"class":2276},[62,85573,13076],{"class":37823},[62,85575,267],{"class":95},[62,85577,13076],{"class":139},[62,85579,948],{"class":95},[62,85581,259],{"class":76},[62,85583,85467],{"class":80},[62,85585,259],{"class":76},[62,85587,4088],{"class":95},[62,85589,85590,85592,85594,85597],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,85591,128],{"class":127},[62,85593,131],{"class":95},[62,85595,85596],{"class":139},"lowest",[62,85598,434],{"class":95},[14,85600,2282],{},[53,85602,85604],{"className":55,"code":85603,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85605,85606],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85607,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85609,9452],{"class":95},[62,85611,3503],{"class":76},[62,85613,329],{"class":80},[62,85615,3503],{"class":76},[62,85617,267],{"class":95},[62,85619,3498],{"class":76},[62,85621,36103],{"class":80},[62,85623,3503],{"class":76},[62,85625,103],{"class":95},[62,85627,3498],{"class":76},[62,85629,85467],{"class":80},[62,85631,3503],{"class":76},[62,85633,267],{"class":95},[62,85635,85068],{"class":99},[62,85637,287],{"class":95},[14,85639,85640,85641,85644],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85642,85643],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[48,85646,1834,85648,85650],{"id":85647},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85649,82883],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85652,85653],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[53,85655,85657],{"className":55,"code":85656,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85658,85659,85667],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85660,85661,85663,85665],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85662,225],{"class":68},[62,85664,73],{"class":72},[62,85666,1273],{"class":95},[62,85668,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85670,128],{"class":127},[62,85672,131],{"class":95},[62,85674,84607],{"class":127},[62,85676,131],{"class":95},[62,85678,348],{"class":139},[62,85680,1013],{"class":95},[14,85682,2282],{},[53,85684,85686],{"className":55,"code":85685,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85687,85688],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85689,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85691,40857],{"class":430},[62,85693,267],{"class":95},[62,85695,85558],{"class":127},[62,85697,7557],{"class":95},[62,85699,83853],{"class":68},[62,85701,1791],{"class":72},[62,85703,83858],{"class":68},[14,85705,85706,85707,267],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85708,82883],{},[53,85710,85712],{"className":55,"code":85711,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85713,85714,85722],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85715,85716,85718,85720],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85717,225],{"class":68},[62,85719,73],{"class":72},[62,85721,1273],{"class":95},[62,85723,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85725,128],{"class":127},[62,85727,131],{"class":95},[62,85729,84607],{"class":127},[62,85731,131],{"class":95},[62,85733,348],{"class":139},[62,85735,103],{"class":95},[62,85737,26684],{"class":9351},[62,85739,73],{"class":72},[62,85741,1548],{"class":1618},[62,85743,1013],{"class":95},[14,85745,2282],{},[53,85747,85748],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,85749,85750],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85751,85752],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85753,11979],{"class":1618},[14,85755,85756],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85758,85759],{},"Remember:",[29,85761,85762,85770],{},[32,85763,85764,85766,85767,85769],{},[18,85765,82883],{}," works only when ",[18,85768,84182],{}," gets one iterable argument",[32,85771,85772,85773],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85774,85775],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85777,85778,85779,409],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[262,85780,65786],{"href":72825},[48,85782,10916],{"id":10915},[14,85784,56720,85785,409],{},[18,85786,84182],{},[1256,85788,85790,85791],{"id":85789},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85792,82883],{},[14,85794,3204,85795,267],{},[18,85796,40857],{},[53,85798,85800],{"className":55,"code":85799,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85801,85802,85810],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85803,85804,85806,85808],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85805,90],{"class":68},[62,85807,73],{"class":72},[62,85809,1273],{"class":95},[62,85811,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85813,128],{"class":127},[62,85815,131],{"class":95},[62,85817,84607],{"class":127},[62,85819,131],{"class":95},[62,85821,161],{"class":139},[62,85823,1013],{"class":95},[14,85825,85826],{},"Fix it by:",[29,85828,85829,85832],{},[32,85830,85831],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[32,85833,85834,85835],{},"or using ",[18,85836,82883],{},[53,85838,85840],{"className":55,"code":85839,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85841,85842,85850],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85843,85844,85846,85848],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85845,90],{"class":68},[62,85847,73],{"class":72},[62,85849,1273],{"class":95},[62,85851,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870,85873,85875],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85853,128],{"class":127},[62,85855,131],{"class":95},[62,85857,84607],{"class":127},[62,85859,131],{"class":95},[62,85861,161],{"class":139},[62,85863,103],{"class":95},[62,85865,26684],{"class":9351},[62,85867,73],{"class":72},[62,85869,259],{"class":76},[62,85871,85872],{"class":80},"no items",[62,85874,259],{"class":76},[62,85876,1013],{"class":95},[1256,85878,85880],{"id":85879},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85882,85883],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[53,85885,85887],{"className":55,"code":85886,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,85888,85889,85913],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85890,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85892,251],{"class":68},[62,85894,73],{"class":72},[62,85896,96],{"class":95},[62,85898,100],{"class":99},[62,85900,103],{"class":95},[62,85902,77],{"class":76},[62,85904,15921],{"class":80},[62,85906,259],{"class":76},[62,85908,103],{"class":95},[62,85910,4804],{"class":99},[62,85912,114],{"class":95},[62,85914,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85916,128],{"class":127},[62,85918,131],{"class":95},[62,85920,84607],{"class":127},[62,85922,131],{"class":95},[62,85924,367],{"class":139},[62,85926,1013],{"class":95},[14,85928,2282],{},[53,85930,85932],{"className":55,"code":85931,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"TypeError\n",[18,85933,85934],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85935,85936],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85937,85931],{"class":430},[14,85939,85940],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85942,85943,85944,409],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,85945,84182],{},[53,85947,85949],{"className":55,"code":85948,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85950,85951,85975,86001],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,85952,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,85954,251],{"class":68},[62,85956,73],{"class":72},[62,85958,96],{"class":95},[62,85960,100],{"class":99},[62,85962,103],{"class":95},[62,85964,77],{"class":76},[62,85966,15921],{"class":80},[62,85968,259],{"class":76},[62,85970,103],{"class":95},[62,85972,4804],{"class":99},[62,85974,114],{"class":95},[62,85976,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,85978,225],{"class":68},[62,85980,73],{"class":72},[62,85982,96],{"class":95},[62,85984,2021],{"class":430},[62,85986,131],{"class":95},[62,85988,552],{"class":139},[62,85990,741],{"class":95},[62,85992,4076],{"class":729},[62,85994,4079],{"class":68},[62,85996,4082],{"class":729},[62,85998,14733],{"class":68},[62,86000,114],{"class":95},[62,86002,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,86004,128],{"class":127},[62,86006,131],{"class":95},[62,86008,84607],{"class":127},[62,86010,131],{"class":95},[62,86012,348],{"class":139},[62,86014,1013],{"class":95},[14,86016,2282],{},[53,86018,86019],{"className":55,"code":3150,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,86020,86021],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86022,86023],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86024,3150],{"class":99},[14,86026,86027,86028,409],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,86029,1535],{},[1256,86031,86033],{"id":86032},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86035,86036],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[53,86038,86040],{"className":55,"code":86039,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,86041,86042,86074],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86043,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86045,4270],{"class":68},[62,86047,73],{"class":72},[62,86049,96],{"class":95},[62,86051,259],{"class":76},[62,86053,79507],{"class":80},[62,86055,259],{"class":76},[62,86057,103],{"class":95},[62,86059,77],{"class":76},[62,86061,57713],{"class":80},[62,86063,259],{"class":76},[62,86065,103],{"class":95},[62,86067,77],{"class":76},[62,86069,79524],{"class":80},[62,86071,259],{"class":76},[62,86073,114],{"class":95},[62,86075,86076,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,86077,128],{"class":127},[62,86079,131],{"class":95},[62,86081,84607],{"class":127},[62,86083,131],{"class":95},[62,86085,4312],{"class":139},[62,86087,1013],{"class":95},[14,86089,2282],{},[53,86091,86092],{"className":55,"code":85303,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,86093,86094],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86095,86096],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86097,85303],{"class":68},[14,86099,86100],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[53,86102,86104],{"className":55,"code":86103,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,86105,86106,86138],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86107,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86109,4270],{"class":68},[62,86111,73],{"class":72},[62,86113,96],{"class":95},[62,86115,259],{"class":76},[62,86117,79507],{"class":80},[62,86119,259],{"class":76},[62,86121,103],{"class":95},[62,86123,77],{"class":76},[62,86125,57713],{"class":80},[62,86127,259],{"class":76},[62,86129,103],{"class":95},[62,86131,77],{"class":76},[62,86133,79524],{"class":80},[62,86135,259],{"class":76},[62,86137,114],{"class":95},[62,86139,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,86141,128],{"class":127},[62,86143,131],{"class":95},[62,86145,84607],{"class":127},[62,86147,131],{"class":95},[62,86149,4312],{"class":139},[62,86151,103],{"class":95},[62,86153,21742],{"class":9351},[62,86155,73],{"class":72},[62,86157,3646],{"class":430},[62,86159,409],{"class":95},[62,86161,8819],{"class":24910},[62,86163,1013],{"class":95},[14,86165,2282],{},[53,86167,86168],{"className":55,"code":85303,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,86169,86170],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86171,86172],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86173,85303],{"class":68},[14,86175,86176],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[48,86178,5160,86180],{"id":86179},"when-to-use-min",[18,86181,84182],{},[14,86183,169,86184,10772],{},[18,86185,84182],{},[29,86187,86188,86191,86196],{},[32,86189,86190],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[32,86192,86193,86194],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,86195,15008],{},[32,86197,86198],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86200,169,86201,86205],{},[262,86202,86203],{"href":74468},[18,86204,74371],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86207,169,86208,86213],{},[262,86209,86211],{"href":86210},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,86212,82528],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[48,86215,1824],{"id":1823},[14,86217,84187],{},[29,86219,86220,86228,86231,86236,86243],{},[32,86221,86222,86223,86225,86226],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86224,84182],{}," without using ",[18,86227,82883],{},[32,86229,86230],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[32,86232,8631,86233,86235],{},[18,86234,84182],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[32,86237,4904,86238,86240,86241,85344],{},[18,86239,15008],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86242,84182],{},[32,86244,1834,86245,86247],{},[18,86246,82883],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86249,86250,86251,86253],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86252,84182],{},", these quick checks can help:",[53,86255,86257],{"className":55,"code":86256,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86258,86259,86273,86283,86297,86311,86333],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86260,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86262,128],{"class":127},[62,86264,131],{"class":95},[62,86266,1690],{"class":430},[62,86268,131],{"class":95},[62,86270,367],{"class":139},[62,86272,1013],{"class":95},[62,86274,86275,86277,86279,86281],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,86276,128],{"class":127},[62,86278,131],{"class":95},[62,86280,367],{"class":139},[62,86282,434],{"class":95},[62,86284,86285,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,86286,128],{"class":127},[62,86288,131],{"class":95},[62,86290,134],{"class":127},[62,86292,131],{"class":95},[62,86294,367],{"class":139},[62,86296,1013],{"class":95},[62,86298,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,86300,128],{"class":127},[62,86302,131],{"class":95},[62,86304,84607],{"class":127},[62,86306,131],{"class":95},[62,86308,367],{"class":139},[62,86310,1013],{"class":95},[62,86312,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329,86331],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,86314,128],{"class":127},[62,86316,131],{"class":95},[62,86318,84607],{"class":127},[62,86320,131],{"class":95},[62,86322,367],{"class":139},[62,86324,103],{"class":95},[62,86326,26684],{"class":9351},[62,86328,73],{"class":72},[62,86330,1548],{"class":1618},[62,86332,1013],{"class":95},[62,86334,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,86336,128],{"class":127},[62,86338,131],{"class":95},[62,86340,84607],{"class":127},[62,86342,131],{"class":95},[62,86344,4312],{"class":139},[62,86346,103],{"class":95},[62,86348,21742],{"class":9351},[62,86350,73],{"class":72},[62,86352,134],{"class":127},[62,86354,1013],{"class":95},[14,86356,86357,86358,86361,86362,86364],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86359,86360],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86363,367],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[48,86366,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,86368,5340,86370,5343],{"id":86369},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86371,84182],{},[14,86373,86374],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1256,86376,5368,86378,84363],{"id":86377},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86379,84182],{},[14,86381,86382],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1256,86384,71593],{"id":71592},[14,86386,86387,2026,86389,84375,86391,36783],{},[18,86388,84182],{},[18,86390,40857],{},[18,86392,82883],{},[1256,86394,5340,86396,86398,86399,632],{"id":86395},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86397,15008],{}," do in ",[18,86400,84182],{},[14,86402,86403,86405,86406,86408],{},[18,86404,15008],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86407,83436],{}," compares strings by length.",[1256,86410,5378,86412,1940,86414,632],{"id":86411},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86413,84182],{},[18,86415,74371],{},[14,86417,86418,86420,86421,86423],{},[18,86419,84182],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86422,74371],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[48,86425,2109],{"id":2108},[29,86427,86428,86434,86440,86446,86450,86454],{},[32,86429,86430],{},[262,86431,86432,3712],{"href":86210},[18,86433,82528],{},[32,86435,86436],{},[262,86437,86438,3712],{"href":74468},[18,86439,74371],{},[32,86441,86442],{},[262,86443,86444,3712],{"href":42510},[18,86445,20],{},[32,86447,86448],{},[262,86449,79820],{"href":78323},[32,86451,86452],{},[262,86453,58901],{"href":58900},[32,86455,86456],{},[262,86457,65786],{"href":72825},[2145,86459,86460],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":86462},[86463,86464,86466,86472,86474,86476,86481,86483,86489,86491,86492,86503],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":84666,"depth":87,"text":86465},"What min() does",{"id":84687,"depth":87,"text":84688,"children":86467},[86468,86469,86470,86471],{"id":84772,"depth":117,"text":84775},{"id":84834,"depth":117,"text":84837},{"id":84884,"depth":117,"text":84887},{"id":84978,"depth":117,"text":84981},{"id":85040,"depth":87,"text":86473},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85175,"depth":87,"text":86475},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85322,"depth":87,"text":86477,"children":86478},"Using min() with a key function",[86479,86480],{"id":85350,"depth":117,"text":85351},{"id":85425,"depth":117,"text":85426},{"id":85647,"depth":87,"text":86482},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10915,"depth":87,"text":10916,"children":86484},[86485,86487,86488],{"id":85789,"depth":117,"text":86486},"Empty list without default",{"id":85879,"depth":117,"text":85880},{"id":86032,"depth":117,"text":86033},{"id":86179,"depth":87,"text":86490},"When to use min()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":86493},[86494,86496,86498,86499,86501],{"id":86369,"depth":117,"text":86495},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86377,"depth":117,"text":86497},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71592,"depth":117,"text":71593},{"id":86395,"depth":117,"text":86500},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86411,"depth":117,"text":86502},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84549,"description":86504},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86511,"title":86512,"body":86513,"description":88692,"extension":2174,"meta":88693,"navigation":120,"path":88694,"seo":88695,"stem":88696,"__hash__":88697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86514,"toc":88656},[86515,86518,86524,86530,86532,86613,86622,86626,86631,86633,86678,86680,86760,86766,86768,86771,86803,86805,86823,86825,86898,86900,86919,86923,86926,86962,86964,87031,87105,87178,87183,87187,87193,87196,87213,87216,87218,87279,87281,87301,87307,87311,87314,87384,87387,87406,87411,87487,87490,87494,87500,87504,87509,87579,87583,87588,87662,87666,87669,87744,87755,87759,87764,87854,87859,87927,87930,87949,87960,87964,87967,87972,87975,88037,88040,88051,88056,88059,88062,88067,88070,88073,88077,88080,88086,88089,88100,88102,88164,88179,88185,88188,88191,88202,88213,88219,88222,88224,88286,88296,88302,88307,88313,88317,88323,88326,88347,88349,88354,88381,88384,88411,88414,88453,88456,88494,88497,88558,88561,88563,88567,88570,88574,88580,88588,88596,88600,88603,88607,88613,88615,88653],[10,86516,86512],{"id":86517},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86519,86520,86523],{},[18,86521,86522],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86525,86526,86527,86529],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86528,86522],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[48,86531,51],{"id":50},[53,86533,86535],{"className":55,"code":86534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86536,86537,86586,86602],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86538,86539,86542,86545,86547,86549,86552,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562,86564,86567,86569,86571,86574,86576,86578,86580,86584],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86540,86541],{"class":729},"with",[62,86543,86544],{"class":127}," open",[62,86546,131],{"class":95},[62,86548,259],{"class":76},[62,86550,86551],{"class":80},"example.txt",[62,86553,259],{"class":76},[62,86555,103],{"class":95},[62,86557,77],{"class":76},[62,86559,60451],{"class":80},[62,86561,259],{"class":76},[62,86563,103],{"class":95},[62,86565,86566],{"class":9351}," encoding",[62,86568,73],{"class":72},[62,86570,259],{"class":76},[62,86572,86573],{"class":80},"utf-8",[62,86575,259],{"class":76},[62,86577,741],{"class":95},[62,86579,47510],{"class":729},[62,86581,86583],{"class":86582},"sMMDD"," file",[62,86585,749],{"class":95},[62,86587,86588,86591,86593,86595,86597,86600],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,86589,86590],{"class":68},"    content ",[62,86592,73],{"class":72},[62,86594,86583],{"class":86582},[62,86596,409],{"class":95},[62,86598,86599],{"class":139},"read",[62,86601,8822],{"class":95},[62,86603,86604,86606,86608,86611],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,86605,754],{"class":127},[62,86607,131],{"class":95},[62,86609,86610],{"class":139},"content",[62,86612,434],{"class":95},[14,86614,169,86615,86617,86618,86621],{},[18,86616,86541],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86619,86620],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[48,86623,86625],{"id":86624},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86627,86628,86630],{},[18,86629,86522],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86632,11631],{},[29,86634,86635,86638,86643,86648],{},[32,86636,86637],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[32,86639,41059,86640,86642],{},[3946,86641,4830],{}," read or write anything by itself",[32,86644,17587,86645],{},[3946,86646,86647],{},"file object",[32,86649,86650,86651],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[29,86652,86653,86658,86663,86668,86673],{},[32,86654,86655],{},[18,86656,86657],{},"read()",[32,86659,86660],{},[18,86661,86662],{},"readline()",[32,86664,86665],{},[18,86666,86667],{},"readlines()",[32,86669,86670],{},[18,86671,86672],{},"write()",[32,86674,86675],{},[18,86676,86677],{},"close()",[14,86679,201],{},[53,86681,86683],{"className":55,"code":86682,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86684,86685,86724,86739,86749],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86686,86687,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86688,86689],{"class":86582},"file",[62,86691,13443],{"class":72},[62,86693,86544],{"class":127},[62,86695,131],{"class":95},[62,86697,259],{"class":76},[62,86699,86551],{"class":80},[62,86701,259],{"class":76},[62,86703,103],{"class":95},[62,86705,77],{"class":76},[62,86707,60451],{"class":80},[62,86709,259],{"class":76},[62,86711,103],{"class":95},[62,86713,86566],{"class":9351},[62,86715,73],{"class":72},[62,86717,259],{"class":76},[62,86719,86573],{"class":80},[62,86721,259],{"class":76},[62,86723,434],{"class":95},[62,86725,86726,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,86727,86728],{"class":68},"content ",[62,86730,73],{"class":72},[62,86732,86583],{"class":86582},[62,86734,409],{"class":95},[62,86736,86599],{"class":139},[62,86738,8822],{"class":95},[62,86740,86741,86743,86745,86747],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,86742,128],{"class":127},[62,86744,131],{"class":95},[62,86746,86610],{"class":139},[62,86748,434],{"class":95},[62,86750,86751,86753,86755,86758],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,86752,86689],{"class":86582},[62,86754,409],{"class":95},[62,86756,86757],{"class":139},"close",[62,86759,8822],{"class":95},[14,86761,86762,86763,86765],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86764,86541],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[48,86767,413],{"id":412},[14,86769,86770],{},"A common form is:",[53,86772,86774],{"className":55,"code":86773,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86775,86776],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86777,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86779,42577],{"class":127},[62,86781,131],{"class":95},[62,86783,86689],{"class":86582},[62,86785,103],{"class":95},[62,86787,86788],{"class":139}," mode",[62,86790,103],{"class":95},[62,86792,86566],{"class":9351},[62,86794,73],{"class":72},[62,86796,259],{"class":76},[62,86798,86573],{"class":80},[62,86800,259],{"class":76},[62,86802,434],{"class":95},[14,86804,64992],{},[29,86806,86807,86812,86817],{},[32,86808,86809,86811],{},[18,86810,86689],{}," is the file name or file path",[32,86813,86814,86816],{},[18,86815,21081],{}," controls how the file is opened",[32,86818,86819,86822],{},[18,86820,86821],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86824,201],{},[53,86826,86828],{"className":55,"code":86827,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86829,86830,86873,86888],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86831,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86833,86541],{"class":729},[62,86835,86544],{"class":127},[62,86837,131],{"class":95},[62,86839,259],{"class":76},[62,86841,86842],{"class":80},"notes.txt",[62,86844,259],{"class":76},[62,86846,103],{"class":95},[62,86848,77],{"class":76},[62,86850,60451],{"class":80},[62,86852,259],{"class":76},[62,86854,103],{"class":95},[62,86856,86566],{"class":9351},[62,86858,73],{"class":72},[62,86860,259],{"class":76},[62,86862,86573],{"class":80},[62,86864,259],{"class":76},[62,86866,741],{"class":95},[62,86868,47510],{"class":729},[62,86870,86583],{"class":86582},[62,86872,749],{"class":95},[62,86874,86875,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,86876,86877],{"class":68},"    text ",[62,86879,73],{"class":72},[62,86881,86583],{"class":86582},[62,86883,409],{"class":95},[62,86885,86599],{"class":139},[62,86887,8822],{"class":95},[62,86889,86890,86892,86894,86896],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,86891,754],{"class":127},[62,86893,131],{"class":95},[62,86895,140],{"class":139},[62,86897,434],{"class":95},[14,86899,20120],{},[29,86901,86902,86908,86913],{},[32,86903,86904,86907],{},[18,86905,86906],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[32,86909,86910,86912],{},[18,86911,86620],{}," means open for reading",[32,86914,86915,86918],{},[18,86916,86917],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[48,86920,86922],{"id":86921},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86924,86925],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[29,86927,86928,86933,86939,86944,86950,86956],{},[32,86929,86930,86932],{},[18,86931,86620],{}," = read a text file",[32,86934,86935,86938],{},[18,86936,86937],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[32,86940,86941,86943],{},[18,86942,18259],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[32,86945,86946,86949],{},[18,86947,86948],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[32,86951,86952,86955],{},[18,86953,86954],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[32,86957,86958,86961],{},[18,86959,86960],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86963,2337],{},[53,86965,86967],{"className":55,"code":86966,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,86968,86969,86974,87017],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,86970,86971],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,86972,86973],{"class":146},"# Read a text file\n",[62,86975,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,86977,86541],{"class":729},[62,86979,86544],{"class":127},[62,86981,131],{"class":95},[62,86983,259],{"class":76},[62,86985,86986],{"class":80},"data.txt",[62,86988,259],{"class":76},[62,86990,103],{"class":95},[62,86992,77],{"class":76},[62,86994,60451],{"class":80},[62,86996,259],{"class":76},[62,86998,103],{"class":95},[62,87000,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87002,73],{"class":72},[62,87004,259],{"class":76},[62,87006,86573],{"class":80},[62,87008,259],{"class":76},[62,87010,741],{"class":95},[62,87012,47510],{"class":729},[62,87014,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87016,749],{"class":95},[62,87018,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87020,754],{"class":127},[62,87022,131],{"class":95},[62,87024,86689],{"class":86582},[62,87026,409],{"class":95},[62,87028,86599],{"class":139},[62,87030,7385],{"class":95},[53,87032,87034],{"className":55,"code":87033,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,87035,87036,87041,87083],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87037,87038],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87039,87040],{"class":146},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[62,87042,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87044,86541],{"class":729},[62,87046,86544],{"class":127},[62,87048,131],{"class":95},[62,87050,259],{"class":76},[62,87052,86986],{"class":80},[62,87054,259],{"class":76},[62,87056,103],{"class":95},[62,87058,77],{"class":76},[62,87060,60434],{"class":80},[62,87062,259],{"class":76},[62,87064,103],{"class":95},[62,87066,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87068,73],{"class":72},[62,87070,259],{"class":76},[62,87072,86573],{"class":80},[62,87074,259],{"class":76},[62,87076,741],{"class":95},[62,87078,47510],{"class":729},[62,87080,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87082,749],{"class":95},[62,87084,87085,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87101,87103],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87086,87087],{"class":86582},"    file",[62,87089,409],{"class":95},[62,87091,70142],{"class":139},[62,87093,131],{"class":95},[62,87095,259],{"class":76},[62,87097,35029],{"class":80},[62,87099,87100],{"class":34616},"\\n",[62,87102,259],{"class":76},[62,87104,434],{"class":95},[53,87106,87108],{"className":55,"code":87107,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,87109,87110,87115,87157],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87111,87112],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87113,87114],{"class":146},"# Append to a text file\n",[62,87116,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87118,86541],{"class":729},[62,87120,86544],{"class":127},[62,87122,131],{"class":95},[62,87124,259],{"class":76},[62,87126,86986],{"class":80},[62,87128,259],{"class":76},[62,87130,103],{"class":95},[62,87132,77],{"class":76},[62,87134,262],{"class":80},[62,87136,259],{"class":76},[62,87138,103],{"class":95},[62,87140,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87142,73],{"class":72},[62,87144,259],{"class":76},[62,87146,86573],{"class":80},[62,87148,259],{"class":76},[62,87150,741],{"class":95},[62,87152,47510],{"class":729},[62,87154,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87156,749],{"class":95},[62,87158,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87172,87174,87176],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87160,87087],{"class":86582},[62,87162,409],{"class":95},[62,87164,70142],{"class":139},[62,87166,131],{"class":95},[62,87168,259],{"class":76},[62,87170,87171],{"class":80},"Another line",[62,87173,87100],{"class":34616},[62,87175,259],{"class":76},[62,87177,434],{"class":95},[14,87179,69294,87180,87182],{},[18,87181,86937],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[48,87184,87186],{"id":87185},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87188,87189,22137,87191,409],{},[18,87190,86522],{},[3946,87192,86647],{},[14,87194,87195],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[29,87197,87198,87203,87208],{},[32,87199,87200],{},[18,87201,87202],{},"file.read()",[32,87204,87205],{},[18,87206,87207],{},"file.write()",[32,87209,87210],{},[18,87211,87212],{},"file.close()",[14,87214,87215],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87217,201],{},[53,87219,87221],{"className":55,"code":87220,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87222,87223,87265],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87224,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87226,86541],{"class":729},[62,87228,86544],{"class":127},[62,87230,131],{"class":95},[62,87232,259],{"class":76},[62,87234,86551],{"class":80},[62,87236,259],{"class":76},[62,87238,103],{"class":95},[62,87240,77],{"class":76},[62,87242,60451],{"class":80},[62,87244,259],{"class":76},[62,87246,103],{"class":95},[62,87248,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87250,73],{"class":72},[62,87252,259],{"class":76},[62,87254,86573],{"class":80},[62,87256,259],{"class":76},[62,87258,741],{"class":95},[62,87260,47510],{"class":729},[62,87262,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87264,749],{"class":95},[62,87266,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87268,754],{"class":127},[62,87270,131],{"class":95},[62,87272,1690],{"class":430},[62,87274,131],{"class":95},[62,87276,86689],{"class":86582},[62,87278,1013],{"class":95},[14,87280,30191],{},[53,87282,87284],{"className":55,"code":87283,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87285,87286],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87287,87288,87290,87292,87294,87297,87299],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87289,3492],{"class":72},[62,87291,3495],{"class":2276},[62,87293,3498],{"class":76},[62,87295,87296],{"class":80},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[62,87298,3503],{"class":76},[62,87300,3506],{"class":72},[14,87302,87303,87304,87306],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87305,86522],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[48,87308,87310],{"id":87309},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87312,87313],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[53,87315,87316],{"className":55,"code":86534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,87317,87318,87360,87374],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87319,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87321,86541],{"class":729},[62,87323,86544],{"class":127},[62,87325,131],{"class":95},[62,87327,259],{"class":76},[62,87329,86551],{"class":80},[62,87331,259],{"class":76},[62,87333,103],{"class":95},[62,87335,77],{"class":76},[62,87337,60451],{"class":80},[62,87339,259],{"class":76},[62,87341,103],{"class":95},[62,87343,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87345,73],{"class":72},[62,87347,259],{"class":76},[62,87349,86573],{"class":80},[62,87351,259],{"class":76},[62,87353,741],{"class":95},[62,87355,47510],{"class":729},[62,87357,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87359,749],{"class":95},[62,87361,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87363,86590],{"class":68},[62,87365,73],{"class":72},[62,87367,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87369,409],{"class":95},[62,87371,86599],{"class":139},[62,87373,8822],{"class":95},[62,87375,87376,87378,87380,87382],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87377,754],{"class":127},[62,87379,131],{"class":95},[62,87381,86610],{"class":139},[62,87383,434],{"class":95},[14,87385,87386],{},"Why this is recommended:",[29,87388,87389,87394,87400,87403],{},[32,87390,87391,87393],{},[18,87392,86541],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[32,87395,87396,87397,87399],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87398,86677],{}," yourself",[32,87401,87402],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[32,87404,87405],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87407,83699,87408,87410],{},[18,87409,86541],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[53,87412,87413],{"className":55,"code":86682,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,87414,87415,87453,87467,87477],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87416,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87418,86689],{"class":86582},[62,87420,13443],{"class":72},[62,87422,86544],{"class":127},[62,87424,131],{"class":95},[62,87426,259],{"class":76},[62,87428,86551],{"class":80},[62,87430,259],{"class":76},[62,87432,103],{"class":95},[62,87434,77],{"class":76},[62,87436,60451],{"class":80},[62,87438,259],{"class":76},[62,87440,103],{"class":95},[62,87442,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87444,73],{"class":72},[62,87446,259],{"class":76},[62,87448,86573],{"class":80},[62,87450,259],{"class":76},[62,87452,434],{"class":95},[62,87454,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87456,86728],{"class":68},[62,87458,73],{"class":72},[62,87460,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87462,409],{"class":95},[62,87464,86599],{"class":139},[62,87466,8822],{"class":95},[62,87468,87469,87471,87473,87475],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87470,128],{"class":127},[62,87472,131],{"class":95},[62,87474,86610],{"class":139},[62,87476,434],{"class":95},[62,87478,87479,87481,87483,87485],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,87480,86689],{"class":86582},[62,87482,409],{"class":95},[62,87484,86757],{"class":139},[62,87486,8822],{"class":95},[14,87488,87489],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[48,87491,87493],{"id":87492},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87495,87496,87497,87499],{},"Use mode ",[18,87498,86620],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1256,87501,87503],{"id":87502},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87505,87506,87508],{},[18,87507,86657],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[53,87510,87511],{"className":55,"code":86534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,87512,87513,87555,87569],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87514,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87516,86541],{"class":729},[62,87518,86544],{"class":127},[62,87520,131],{"class":95},[62,87522,259],{"class":76},[62,87524,86551],{"class":80},[62,87526,259],{"class":76},[62,87528,103],{"class":95},[62,87530,77],{"class":76},[62,87532,60451],{"class":80},[62,87534,259],{"class":76},[62,87536,103],{"class":95},[62,87538,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87540,73],{"class":72},[62,87542,259],{"class":76},[62,87544,86573],{"class":80},[62,87546,259],{"class":76},[62,87548,741],{"class":95},[62,87550,47510],{"class":729},[62,87552,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87554,749],{"class":95},[62,87556,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87558,86590],{"class":68},[62,87560,73],{"class":72},[62,87562,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87564,409],{"class":95},[62,87566,86599],{"class":139},[62,87568,8822],{"class":95},[62,87570,87571,87573,87575,87577],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87572,754],{"class":127},[62,87574,131],{"class":95},[62,87576,86610],{"class":139},[62,87578,434],{"class":95},[1256,87580,87582],{"id":87581},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87584,87585,87587],{},[18,87586,86662],{}," reads one line at a time.",[53,87589,87591],{"className":55,"code":87590,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87592,87593,87635,87651],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87594,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87596,86541],{"class":729},[62,87598,86544],{"class":127},[62,87600,131],{"class":95},[62,87602,259],{"class":76},[62,87604,86551],{"class":80},[62,87606,259],{"class":76},[62,87608,103],{"class":95},[62,87610,77],{"class":76},[62,87612,60451],{"class":80},[62,87614,259],{"class":76},[62,87616,103],{"class":95},[62,87618,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87620,73],{"class":72},[62,87622,259],{"class":76},[62,87624,86573],{"class":80},[62,87626,259],{"class":76},[62,87628,741],{"class":95},[62,87630,47510],{"class":729},[62,87632,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87634,749],{"class":95},[62,87636,87637,87640,87642,87644,87646,87649],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87638,87639],{"class":68},"    first_line ",[62,87641,73],{"class":72},[62,87643,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87645,409],{"class":95},[62,87647,87648],{"class":139},"readline",[62,87650,8822],{"class":95},[62,87652,87653,87655,87657,87660],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87654,754],{"class":127},[62,87656,131],{"class":95},[62,87658,87659],{"class":139},"first_line",[62,87661,434],{"class":95},[1256,87663,87665],{"id":87664},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87667,87668],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[53,87670,87672],{"className":55,"code":87671,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87673,87674,87716,87730],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87675,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87677,86541],{"class":729},[62,87679,86544],{"class":127},[62,87681,131],{"class":95},[62,87683,259],{"class":76},[62,87685,86551],{"class":80},[62,87687,259],{"class":76},[62,87689,103],{"class":95},[62,87691,77],{"class":76},[62,87693,60451],{"class":80},[62,87695,259],{"class":76},[62,87697,103],{"class":95},[62,87699,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87701,73],{"class":72},[62,87703,259],{"class":76},[62,87705,86573],{"class":80},[62,87707,259],{"class":76},[62,87709,741],{"class":95},[62,87711,47510],{"class":729},[62,87713,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87715,749],{"class":95},[62,87717,87718,87721,87724,87726,87728],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87719,87720],{"class":729},"    for",[62,87722,87723],{"class":68}," line ",[62,87725,4082],{"class":729},[62,87727,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87729,749],{"class":95},[62,87731,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87733,47490],{"class":127},[62,87735,131],{"class":95},[62,87737,64],{"class":139},[62,87739,409],{"class":95},[62,87741,8813],{"class":139},[62,87743,7385],{"class":95},[14,87745,87746,87747,2022,87751,409],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[262,87748,87750],{"href":87749},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[262,87752,87754],{"href":87753},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[48,87756,87758],{"id":87757},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87760,169,87761,87763],{},[18,87762,86937],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[53,87765,87767],{"className":55,"code":87766,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87768,87769,87812,87833],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87770,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87772,86541],{"class":729},[62,87774,86544],{"class":127},[62,87776,131],{"class":95},[62,87778,259],{"class":76},[62,87780,87781],{"class":80},"output.txt",[62,87783,259],{"class":76},[62,87785,103],{"class":95},[62,87787,77],{"class":76},[62,87789,60434],{"class":80},[62,87791,259],{"class":76},[62,87793,103],{"class":95},[62,87795,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87797,73],{"class":72},[62,87799,259],{"class":76},[62,87801,86573],{"class":80},[62,87803,259],{"class":76},[62,87805,741],{"class":95},[62,87807,47510],{"class":729},[62,87809,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87811,749],{"class":95},[62,87813,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87827,87829,87831],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87815,87087],{"class":86582},[62,87817,409],{"class":95},[62,87819,70142],{"class":139},[62,87821,131],{"class":95},[62,87823,259],{"class":76},[62,87825,87826],{"class":80},"First line",[62,87828,87100],{"class":34616},[62,87830,259],{"class":76},[62,87832,434],{"class":95},[62,87834,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87848,87850,87852],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,87836,87087],{"class":86582},[62,87838,409],{"class":95},[62,87840,70142],{"class":139},[62,87842,131],{"class":95},[62,87844,259],{"class":76},[62,87846,87847],{"class":80},"Second line",[62,87849,87100],{"class":34616},[62,87851,259],{"class":76},[62,87853,434],{"class":95},[14,87855,169,87856,87858],{},[18,87857,18259],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[53,87860,87862],{"className":55,"code":87861,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,87863,87864,87906],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87865,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87867,86541],{"class":729},[62,87869,86544],{"class":127},[62,87871,131],{"class":95},[62,87873,259],{"class":76},[62,87875,87781],{"class":80},[62,87877,259],{"class":76},[62,87879,103],{"class":95},[62,87881,77],{"class":76},[62,87883,262],{"class":80},[62,87885,259],{"class":76},[62,87887,103],{"class":95},[62,87889,86566],{"class":9351},[62,87891,73],{"class":72},[62,87893,259],{"class":76},[62,87895,86573],{"class":80},[62,87897,259],{"class":76},[62,87899,741],{"class":95},[62,87901,47510],{"class":729},[62,87903,86583],{"class":86582},[62,87905,749],{"class":95},[62,87907,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87921,87923,87925],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,87909,87087],{"class":86582},[62,87911,409],{"class":95},[62,87913,70142],{"class":139},[62,87915,131],{"class":95},[62,87917,259],{"class":76},[62,87919,87920],{"class":80},"Third line",[62,87922,87100],{"class":34616},[62,87924,259],{"class":76},[62,87926,434],{"class":95},[14,87928,87929],{},"Important detail:",[29,87931,87932,87937,87944],{},[32,87933,87934,87936],{},[18,87935,86672],{}," writes a string",[32,87938,87939,14220,87941,87943],{},[18,87940,86672],{},[3946,87942,4830],{}," add a newline for you",[32,87945,87946,87947,87399],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,87948,87100],{},[14,87950,87951,87952,2022,87956,409],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[262,87953,87955],{"href":87954},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[262,87957,87959],{"href":87958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[48,87961,87963],{"id":87962},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87965,87966],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1256,87968,87970],{"id":87969},"encodingutf-8",[18,87971,86917],{},[14,87973,87974],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[53,87976,87978],{"className":55,"code":87977,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87979,87980,88023],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,87981,87982,87984,87986,87988,87990,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,87983,86541],{"class":729},[62,87985,86544],{"class":127},[62,87987,131],{"class":95},[62,87989,259],{"class":76},[62,87991,87992],{"class":80},"message.txt",[62,87994,259],{"class":76},[62,87996,103],{"class":95},[62,87998,77],{"class":76},[62,88000,60451],{"class":80},[62,88002,259],{"class":76},[62,88004,103],{"class":95},[62,88006,86566],{"class":9351},[62,88008,73],{"class":72},[62,88010,259],{"class":76},[62,88012,86573],{"class":80},[62,88014,259],{"class":76},[62,88016,741],{"class":95},[62,88018,47510],{"class":729},[62,88020,86583],{"class":86582},[62,88022,749],{"class":95},[62,88024,88025,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88026,754],{"class":127},[62,88028,131],{"class":95},[62,88030,86689],{"class":86582},[62,88032,409],{"class":95},[62,88034,86599],{"class":139},[62,88036,7385],{"class":95},[14,88038,88039],{},"Why it matters:",[29,88041,88042,88045,88048],{},[32,88043,88044],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[32,88046,88047],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[32,88049,88050],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1256,88052,88054],{"id":88053},"newline",[18,88055,88053],{},[14,88057,88058],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88060,88061],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1256,88063,88065],{"id":88064},"buffering",[18,88066,88064],{},[14,88068,88069],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88071,88072],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[48,88074,88076],{"id":88075},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88078,88079],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1256,88081,88083],{"id":88082},"filenotfounderror",[18,88084,88085],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88087,88088],{},"This happens when:",[29,88090,88091,88094,88097],{},[32,88092,88093],{},"the file does not exist",[32,88095,88096],{},"the path is wrong",[32,88098,88099],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88101,201],{},[53,88103,88105],{"className":55,"code":88104,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88106,88107,88150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88108,88109,88111,88113,88115,88117,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88110,86541],{"class":729},[62,88112,86544],{"class":127},[62,88114,131],{"class":95},[62,88116,259],{"class":76},[62,88118,88119],{"class":80},"missing.txt",[62,88121,259],{"class":76},[62,88123,103],{"class":95},[62,88125,77],{"class":76},[62,88127,60451],{"class":80},[62,88129,259],{"class":76},[62,88131,103],{"class":95},[62,88133,86566],{"class":9351},[62,88135,73],{"class":72},[62,88137,259],{"class":76},[62,88139,86573],{"class":80},[62,88141,259],{"class":76},[62,88143,741],{"class":95},[62,88145,47510],{"class":729},[62,88147,86583],{"class":86582},[62,88149,749],{"class":95},[62,88151,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88153,754],{"class":127},[62,88155,131],{"class":95},[62,88157,86689],{"class":86582},[62,88159,409],{"class":95},[62,88161,86599],{"class":139},[62,88163,7385],{"class":95},[14,88165,88166,88167,1940,88175,409],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[262,88168,88170,88171,88174],{"href":88169},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[62,88172,88173],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[262,88176,88178],{"href":88177},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1256,88180,88182],{"id":88181},"permissionerror",[18,88183,88184],{},"PermissionError",[14,88186,88187],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88189,88190],{},"Example causes:",[29,88192,88193,88196,88199],{},[32,88194,88195],{},"the file is protected",[32,88197,88198],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[32,88200,88201],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88203,88204,88205],{},"Related page: ",[262,88206,88208,88209,88212],{"href":88207},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[62,88210,88211],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1256,88214,88216],{"id":88215},"isadirectoryerror",[18,88217,88218],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88220,88221],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88223,201],{},[53,88225,88227],{"className":55,"code":88226,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88228,88229,88272],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88230,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88232,86541],{"class":729},[62,88234,86544],{"class":127},[62,88236,131],{"class":95},[62,88238,259],{"class":76},[62,88240,88241],{"class":80},"my_folder",[62,88243,259],{"class":76},[62,88245,103],{"class":95},[62,88247,77],{"class":76},[62,88249,60451],{"class":80},[62,88251,259],{"class":76},[62,88253,103],{"class":95},[62,88255,86566],{"class":9351},[62,88257,73],{"class":72},[62,88259,259],{"class":76},[62,88261,86573],{"class":80},[62,88263,259],{"class":76},[62,88265,741],{"class":95},[62,88267,47510],{"class":729},[62,88269,86583],{"class":86582},[62,88271,749],{"class":95},[62,88273,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88275,754],{"class":127},[62,88277,131],{"class":95},[62,88279,86689],{"class":86582},[62,88281,409],{"class":95},[62,88283,86599],{"class":139},[62,88285,7385],{"class":95},[14,88287,88204,88288],{},[262,88289,88291,88292,88295],{"href":88290},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[62,88293,88294],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1256,88297,88299],{"id":88298},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88300,88301],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88303,88304,88305,409],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88306,86522],{},[14,88308,88204,88309],{},[262,88310,88312],{"href":88311},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[48,88314,88316],{"id":88315},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88318,88319,88320,88322],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88321,86522],{}," function.",[14,88324,88325],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[29,88327,88328,88331,88334,88340],{},[32,88329,88330],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[32,88332,88333],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[32,88335,88336,88337,88339],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88338,86522],{}," itself",[32,88341,88342,88343],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[262,88344,88346],{"href":88345},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[48,88348,1824],{"id":1823},[14,88350,88351,88352,267],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88353,86522],{},[29,88355,88356,88361,88367,88372,88375,88378],{},[32,88357,1834,88358,88360],{},[18,88359,86620],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[32,88362,88363,88364,88366],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88365,86821],{}," for text files",[32,88368,1834,88369,88371],{},[18,88370,86937],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[32,88373,88374],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[32,88376,88377],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[32,88379,88380],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88382,88383],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[53,88385,88387],{"className":55,"code":88386,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88388,88389,88396],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88390,88391,88393],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88392,35253],{"class":729},[62,88394,88395],{"class":68}," os\n",[62,88397,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88409],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88399,128],{"class":127},[62,88401,131],{"class":95},[62,88403,42776],{"class":139},[62,88405,409],{"class":95},[62,88407,88408],{"class":139},"getcwd",[62,88410,7385],{"class":95},[14,88412,88413],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[53,88415,88417],{"className":55,"code":88416,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88418,88419,88425],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88420,88421,88423],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88422,35253],{"class":729},[62,88424,88395],{"class":68},[62,88426,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88438,88440,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88428,128],{"class":127},[62,88430,131],{"class":95},[62,88432,42776],{"class":139},[62,88434,409],{"class":95},[62,88436,88437],{"class":24910},"path",[62,88439,409],{"class":95},[62,88441,88442],{"class":139},"exists",[62,88444,131],{"class":95},[62,88446,259],{"class":76},[62,88448,86551],{"class":80},[62,88450,259],{"class":76},[62,88452,1013],{"class":95},[14,88454,88455],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[53,88457,88459],{"className":55,"code":88458,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88460,88461,88467],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88462,88463,88465],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88464,35253],{"class":729},[62,88466,88395],{"class":68},[62,88468,88469,88471,88473,88475,88477,88479,88481,88484,88486,88488,88490,88492],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88470,128],{"class":127},[62,88472,131],{"class":95},[62,88474,42776],{"class":139},[62,88476,409],{"class":95},[62,88478,88437],{"class":24910},[62,88480,409],{"class":95},[62,88482,88483],{"class":139},"isfile",[62,88485,131],{"class":95},[62,88487,259],{"class":76},[62,88489,86551],{"class":80},[62,88491,259],{"class":76},[62,88493,1013],{"class":95},[14,88495,88496],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[53,88498,88500],{"className":55,"code":88499,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88501,88502,88544],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88503,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88505,86541],{"class":729},[62,88507,86544],{"class":127},[62,88509,131],{"class":95},[62,88511,259],{"class":76},[62,88513,86551],{"class":80},[62,88515,259],{"class":76},[62,88517,103],{"class":95},[62,88519,77],{"class":76},[62,88521,60451],{"class":80},[62,88523,259],{"class":76},[62,88525,103],{"class":95},[62,88527,86566],{"class":9351},[62,88529,73],{"class":72},[62,88531,259],{"class":76},[62,88533,86573],{"class":80},[62,88535,259],{"class":76},[62,88537,741],{"class":95},[62,88539,47510],{"class":729},[62,88541,86583],{"class":86582},[62,88543,749],{"class":95},[62,88545,88546,88548,88550,88552,88554,88556],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88547,754],{"class":127},[62,88549,131],{"class":95},[62,88551,86689],{"class":86582},[62,88553,409],{"class":95},[62,88555,86599],{"class":139},[62,88557,7385],{"class":95},[14,88559,88560],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[48,88562,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,88564,88566],{"id":88565},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88568,88569],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1256,88571,88573],{"id":88572},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88575,88576,88577,88579],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88578,86541],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1256,88581,5378,88583,1940,88585,88587],{"id":88582},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88584,86937],{},[18,88586,18259],{}," mode?",[14,88589,88590,88592,88593,88595],{},[18,88591,86937],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88594,18259],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1256,88597,88599],{"id":88598},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88601,88602],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1256,88604,88606],{"id":88605},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88608,88609,88610,88612],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88611,86917],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[48,88614,2109],{"id":2108},[29,88616,88617,88621,88625,88629,88633,88637,88641,88647],{},[32,88618,88619],{},[262,88620,87750],{"href":87749},[32,88622,88623],{},[262,88624,87955],{"href":87954},[32,88626,88627],{},[262,88628,87959],{"href":87958},[32,88630,88631],{},[262,88632,87754],{"href":87753},[32,88634,88635],{},[262,88636,88346],{"href":88345},[32,88638,88639],{},[262,88640,88178],{"href":88177},[32,88642,88643],{},[262,88644,88170,88645,88174],{"href":88169},[62,88646,88173],{},[32,88648,88649],{},[262,88650,88208,88651,88212],{"href":88207},[62,88652,88211],{},[2145,88654,88655],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":88657},[88658,88659,88660,88661,88662,88663,88664,88669,88670,88675,88681,88682,88683,88691],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":86624,"depth":87,"text":86625},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":86921,"depth":87,"text":86922},{"id":87185,"depth":87,"text":87186},{"id":87309,"depth":87,"text":87310},{"id":87492,"depth":87,"text":87493,"children":88665},[88666,88667,88668],{"id":87502,"depth":117,"text":87503},{"id":87581,"depth":117,"text":87582},{"id":87664,"depth":117,"text":87665},{"id":87757,"depth":87,"text":87758},{"id":87962,"depth":87,"text":87963,"children":88671},[88672,88673,88674],{"id":87969,"depth":117,"text":86917},{"id":88053,"depth":117,"text":88053},{"id":88064,"depth":117,"text":88064},{"id":88075,"depth":87,"text":88076,"children":88676},[88677,88678,88679,88680],{"id":88082,"depth":117,"text":88085},{"id":88181,"depth":117,"text":88184},{"id":88215,"depth":117,"text":88218},{"id":88298,"depth":117,"text":88301},{"id":88315,"depth":87,"text":88316},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":88684},[88685,88686,88687,88689,88690],{"id":88565,"depth":117,"text":88566},{"id":88572,"depth":117,"text":88573},{"id":88582,"depth":117,"text":88688},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88598,"depth":117,"text":88599},{"id":88605,"depth":117,"text":88606},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86512,"description":88692},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88699,"title":88700,"body":88701,"description":90696,"extension":2174,"meta":90697,"navigation":120,"path":90698,"seo":90699,"stem":90700,"__hash__":90701},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88702,"toc":90643},[88703,88708,88713,88719,88721,88789,88791,88810,88815,88820,88825,88828,88840,88842,88885,88887,88905,88916,88918,88920,88945,88947,88958,88960,89020,89022,89048,89051,89055,89060,89064,89067,89101,89105,89108,89133,89137,89160,89164,89197,89202,89206,89211,89214,89282,89284,89308,89313,89316,89347,89349,89381,89398,89402,89407,89431,89438,89443,89448,89451,89455,89490,89492,89501,89505,89596,89598,89629,89634,89641,89646,89655,89658,89692,89694,89708,89712,89753,89755,89764,89768,89816,89818,89832,89837,89848,89855,89861,89863,89898,89900,89914,89917,89939,89945,89974,89985,89991,89997,90011,90013,90092,90094,90144,90151,90153,90158,90162,90165,90180,90185,90187,90206,90212,90215,90230,90232,90250,90256,90261,90291,90294,90317,90320,90347,90354,90360,90368,90391,90396,90404,90406,90426,90430,90436,90486,90489,90511,90513,90519,90527,90533,90539,90547,90552,90556,90559,90582,90587,90594,90606,90608,90640],[10,88704,3779,88706,3783],{"id":88705},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88707,46604],{},[14,88709,32479,88710,88712],{},[18,88711,46604],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88714,88715,88716,88718],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88717,46604],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[48,88720,51],{"id":50},[53,88722,88724],{"className":55,"code":88723,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88725,88726,88738,88747,88751,88761,88771],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88727,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88729,211],{"class":68},[62,88731,73],{"class":72},[62,88733,77],{"class":76},[62,88735,1061],{"class":80},[62,88737,84],{"class":76},[62,88739,88740,88742,88744],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88741,21790],{"class":68},[62,88743,73],{"class":72},[62,88745,88746],{"class":99}," 12\n",[62,88748,88749],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,88750,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,88752,88753,88755,88757,88759],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,88754,128],{"class":127},[62,88756,131],{"class":95},[62,88758,329],{"class":139},[62,88760,434],{"class":95},[62,88762,88763,88765,88767,88769],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,88764,128],{"class":127},[62,88766,131],{"class":95},[62,88768,1073],{"class":139},[62,88770,434],{"class":95},[62,88772,88773,88775,88777,88779,88781,88783,88785,88787],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,88774,128],{"class":127},[62,88776,131],{"class":95},[62,88778,259],{"class":76},[62,88780,35029],{"class":80},[62,88782,259],{"class":76},[62,88784,103],{"class":95},[62,88786,36154],{"class":139},[62,88788,434],{"class":95},[14,88790,2282],{},[53,88792,88794],{"className":55,"code":88793,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88795,88796,88801,88805],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88797,88798],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88799,88800],{"class":68},"Mia\n",[62,88802,88803],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88804,2430],{"class":99},[62,88806,88807],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,88808,88809],{"class":68},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88811,169,88812,88814],{},[18,88813,46604],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[48,88816,3879,88818,3882],{"id":88817},"what-print-does",[18,88819,46604],{},[14,88821,88822,88824],{},[18,88823,46604],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88826,88827],{},"You can use it to display:",[29,88829,88830,88832,88834,88837],{},[32,88831,140],{},[32,88833,348],{},[32,88835,88836],{},"variables",[32,88838,88839],{},"expressions",[14,88841,201],{},[53,88843,88845],{"className":55,"code":88844,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88846,88847,88861,88871],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88848,88849,88851,88853,88855,88857,88859],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88850,128],{"class":127},[62,88852,131],{"class":95},[62,88854,259],{"class":76},[62,88856,35029],{"class":80},[62,88858,259],{"class":76},[62,88860,434],{"class":95},[62,88862,88863,88865,88867,88869],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88864,128],{"class":127},[62,88866,131],{"class":95},[62,88868,299],{"class":99},[62,88870,434],{"class":95},[62,88872,88873,88875,88877,88879,88881,88883],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,88874,128],{"class":127},[62,88876,131],{"class":95},[62,88878,1935],{"class":99},[62,88880,2658],{"class":72},[62,88882,508],{"class":99},[62,88884,434],{"class":95},[14,88886,2282],{},[53,88888,88890],{"className":55,"code":88889,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,88891,88892,88897,88901],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88893,88894],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88895,88896],{"class":68},"Hello\n",[62,88898,88899],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88900,3150],{"class":99},[62,88902,88903],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,88904,3150],{"class":99},[14,88906,88907,88908,88910,88911,88915],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,88909,46604],{}," ",[3946,88912,3894,88913],{},[18,88914,1548],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[48,88917,413],{"id":412},[14,88919,30887],{},[53,88921,88923],{"className":55,"code":88922,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,88924,88925],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88926,88927,88929,88931,88934,88936,88939,88941,88943],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88928,128],{"class":127},[62,88930,131],{"class":95},[62,88932,88933],{"class":139},"object1",[62,88935,103],{"class":95},[62,88937,88938],{"class":139}," object2",[62,88940,103],{"class":95},[62,88942,34617],{"class":127},[62,88944,434],{"class":95},[14,88946,80150],{},[29,88948,88949,88952,88955],{},[32,88950,88951],{},"one value",[32,88953,88954],{},"many values",[32,88956,88957],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88959,201],{},[53,88961,88963],{"className":55,"code":88962,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,88964,88965,88979,88998],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,88966,88967,88969,88971,88973,88975,88977],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,88968,128],{"class":127},[62,88970,131],{"class":95},[62,88972,259],{"class":76},[62,88974,57713],{"class":80},[62,88976,259],{"class":76},[62,88978,434],{"class":95},[62,88980,88981,88983,88985,88987,88990,88992,88994,88996],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,88982,128],{"class":127},[62,88984,131],{"class":95},[62,88986,259],{"class":76},[62,88988,88989],{"class":80},"Score:",[62,88991,259],{"class":76},[62,88993,103],{"class":95},[62,88995,6200],{"class":99},[62,88997,434],{"class":95},[62,88999,89000,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012,89014,89016,89018],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,89001,128],{"class":127},[62,89003,131],{"class":95},[62,89005,259],{"class":76},[62,89007,45715],{"class":80},[62,89009,259],{"class":76},[62,89011,103],{"class":95},[62,89013,2661],{"class":99},[62,89015,2658],{"class":72},[62,89017,304],{"class":99},[62,89019,434],{"class":95},[14,89021,2282],{},[53,89023,89025],{"className":55,"code":89024,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,89026,89027,89031,89040],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89028,89029],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89030,85303],{"class":68},[62,89032,89033,89036,89038],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89034,89035],{"class":68},"Score",[62,89037,267],{"class":95},[62,89039,2791],{"class":99},[62,89041,89042,89044,89046],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,89043,45755],{"class":68},[62,89045,267],{"class":95},[62,89047,2791],{"class":99},[14,89049,89050],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[48,89052,89054],{"id":89053},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89056,89057,89058,409],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,89059,46604],{},[1256,89061,89063],{"id":89062},"print-text","Print text",[14,89065,89066],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[53,89068,89070],{"className":55,"code":89069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,89071,89072,89086],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89073,89074,89076,89078,89080,89082,89084],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89075,128],{"class":127},[62,89077,131],{"class":95},[62,89079,259],{"class":76},[62,89081,35029],{"class":80},[62,89083,259],{"class":76},[62,89085,434],{"class":95},[62,89087,89088,89090,89092,89094,89097,89099],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89089,128],{"class":127},[62,89091,131],{"class":95},[62,89093,259],{"class":76},[62,89095,89096],{"class":80},"Python is fun",[62,89098,259],{"class":76},[62,89100,434],{"class":95},[1256,89102,89104],{"id":89103},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89106,89107],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[53,89109,89111],{"className":55,"code":89110,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,89112,89113,89123],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89114,89115,89117,89119,89121],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89116,128],{"class":127},[62,89118,131],{"class":95},[62,89120,299],{"class":99},[62,89122,434],{"class":95},[62,89124,89125,89127,89129,89131],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89126,128],{"class":127},[62,89128,131],{"class":95},[62,89130,1596],{"class":99},[62,89132,434],{"class":95},[1256,89134,89136],{"id":89135},"print-variables","Print variables",[53,89138,89140],{"className":55,"code":89139,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,89141,89142,89150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89143,89144,89146,89148],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89145,5293],{"class":68},[62,89147,73],{"class":72},[62,89149,14297],{"class":99},[62,89151,89152,89154,89156,89158],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89153,128],{"class":127},[62,89155,131],{"class":95},[62,89157,85467],{"class":139},[62,89159,434],{"class":95},[1256,89161,89163],{"id":89162},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[53,89165,89167],{"className":55,"code":89166,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,89168,89169,89183],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89170,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89172,128],{"class":127},[62,89174,131],{"class":95},[62,89176,1935],{"class":99},[62,89178,2658],{"class":72},[62,89180,508],{"class":99},[62,89182,434],{"class":95},[62,89184,89185,89187,89189,89191,89193,89195],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89186,128],{"class":127},[62,89188,131],{"class":95},[62,89190,100],{"class":99},[62,89192,82779],{"class":72},[62,89194,2661],{"class":99},[62,89196,434],{"class":95},[14,89198,89199,89200,409],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[262,89201,398],{"href":397},[48,89203,89205],{"id":89204},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89207,89208,89210],{},[18,89209,46604],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89212,89213],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[53,89215,89217],{"className":55,"code":89216,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89218,89219,89232,89240,89244,89263],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89220,89221,89223,89225,89227,89230],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89222,211],{"class":68},[62,89224,73],{"class":72},[62,89226,77],{"class":76},[62,89228,89229],{"class":80},"Ava",[62,89231,84],{"class":76},[62,89233,89234,89236,89238],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89235,21790],{"class":68},[62,89237,73],{"class":72},[62,89239,2791],{"class":99},[62,89241,89242],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,89243,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,89245,89246,89248,89250,89252,89255,89257,89259,89261],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,89247,128],{"class":127},[62,89249,131],{"class":95},[62,89251,259],{"class":76},[62,89253,89254],{"class":80},"Name:",[62,89256,259],{"class":76},[62,89258,103],{"class":95},[62,89260,36154],{"class":139},[62,89262,434],{"class":95},[62,89264,89265,89267,89269,89271,89274,89276,89278,89280],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,89266,128],{"class":127},[62,89268,131],{"class":95},[62,89270,259],{"class":76},[62,89272,89273],{"class":80},"Age:",[62,89275,259],{"class":76},[62,89277,103],{"class":95},[62,89279,9364],{"class":139},[62,89281,434],{"class":95},[14,89283,2282],{},[53,89285,89287],{"className":55,"code":89286,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89288,89289,89299],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89290,89291,89294,89296],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89292,89293],{"class":68},"Name",[62,89295,267],{"class":95},[62,89297,89298],{"class":68}," Ava\n",[62,89300,89301,89304,89306],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89302,89303],{"class":68},"Age",[62,89305,267],{"class":95},[62,89307,2791],{"class":99},[14,89309,89310,89311,409],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89312,2270],{},[14,89314,89315],{},"For example, this works:",[53,89317,89319],{"className":55,"code":89318,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89320,89321,89329],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89322,89323,89325,89327],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89324,21790],{"class":68},[62,89326,73],{"class":72},[62,89328,2791],{"class":99},[62,89330,89331,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89332,128],{"class":127},[62,89334,131],{"class":95},[62,89336,259],{"class":76},[62,89338,89273],{"class":80},[62,89340,259],{"class":76},[62,89342,103],{"class":95},[62,89344,9364],{"class":139},[62,89346,434],{"class":95},[14,89348,37088],{},[53,89350,89352],{"className":55,"code":89351,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89353,89354,89362],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89355,89356,89358,89360],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89357,21790],{"class":68},[62,89359,73],{"class":72},[62,89361,2791],{"class":99},[62,89363,89364,89366,89368,89370,89373,89375,89377,89379],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89365,128],{"class":127},[62,89367,131],{"class":95},[62,89369,259],{"class":76},[62,89371,89372],{"class":80},"Age: ",[62,89374,259],{"class":76},[62,89376,2658],{"class":72},[62,89378,9364],{"class":139},[62,89380,434],{"class":95},[14,89382,89383,89384,89387,89388,89390,89391,89393,89394,409],{},"That fails because ",[18,89385,89386],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89389,1073],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89392,2270],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[262,89395,89396],{"href":42327},[18,89397,47836],{},[48,89399,89401],{"id":89400},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89403,89404,89406],{},[18,89405,46604],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[29,89408,89409,89415,89420,89425],{},[32,89410,89411,89414],{},[18,89412,89413],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[32,89416,89417,89419],{},[18,89418,52604],{}," controls what is added after the output",[32,89421,89422,89424],{},[18,89423,86689],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[32,89426,89427,89430],{},[18,89428,89429],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89432,89433,89434,1940,89436,409],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89435,89413],{},[18,89437,52604],{},[48,89439,89441,36777],{"id":89440},"sep-argument",[18,89442,89413],{},[14,89444,2191,89445,89447],{},[18,89446,89413],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89449,89450],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1256,89452,89454],{"id":89453},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[53,89456,89458],{"className":55,"code":89457,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89459,89460],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89461,89462,89464,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476,89478,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89463,128],{"class":127},[62,89465,131],{"class":95},[62,89467,259],{"class":76},[62,89469,797],{"class":80},[62,89471,259],{"class":76},[62,89473,103],{"class":95},[62,89475,77],{"class":76},[62,89477,806],{"class":80},[62,89479,259],{"class":76},[62,89481,103],{"class":95},[62,89483,77],{"class":76},[62,89485,815],{"class":80},[62,89487,259],{"class":76},[62,89489,434],{"class":95},[14,89491,2282],{},[53,89493,89495],{"className":55,"code":89494,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"red green blue\n",[18,89496,89497],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89498,89499],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89500,89494],{"class":68},[1256,89502,89504],{"id":89503},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[53,89506,89508],{"className":55,"code":89507,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89509,89510,89553],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89511,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536,89538,89540,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89513,128],{"class":127},[62,89515,131],{"class":95},[62,89517,259],{"class":76},[62,89519,797],{"class":80},[62,89521,259],{"class":76},[62,89523,103],{"class":95},[62,89525,77],{"class":76},[62,89527,806],{"class":80},[62,89529,259],{"class":76},[62,89531,103],{"class":95},[62,89533,77],{"class":76},[62,89535,815],{"class":80},[62,89537,259],{"class":76},[62,89539,103],{"class":95},[62,89541,89542],{"class":9351}," sep",[62,89544,73],{"class":72},[62,89546,259],{"class":76},[62,89548,103],{"class":80},[62,89550,259],{"class":76},[62,89552,434],{"class":95},[62,89554,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573,89575,89577,89579,89581,89583,89585,89587,89589,89592,89594],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89556,128],{"class":127},[62,89558,131],{"class":95},[62,89560,259],{"class":76},[62,89562,797],{"class":80},[62,89564,259],{"class":76},[62,89566,103],{"class":95},[62,89568,77],{"class":76},[62,89570,806],{"class":80},[62,89572,259],{"class":76},[62,89574,103],{"class":95},[62,89576,77],{"class":76},[62,89578,815],{"class":80},[62,89580,259],{"class":76},[62,89582,103],{"class":95},[62,89584,89542],{"class":9351},[62,89586,73],{"class":72},[62,89588,259],{"class":76},[62,89590,89591],{"class":80}," - ",[62,89593,259],{"class":76},[62,89595,434],{"class":95},[14,89597,2282],{},[53,89599,89601],{"className":55,"code":89600,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89602,89603,89615],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89604,89605,89607,89609,89611,89613],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89606,797],{"class":68},[62,89608,103],{"class":95},[62,89610,806],{"class":68},[62,89612,103],{"class":95},[62,89614,69928],{"class":68},[62,89616,89617,89620,89622,89625,89627],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89618,89619],{"class":68},"red ",[62,89621,2233],{"class":72},[62,89623,89624],{"class":68}," green ",[62,89626,2233],{"class":72},[62,89628,36043],{"class":68},[14,89630,89631,89633],{},[18,89632,89413],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89635,89636,89637,409],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[262,89638,89640],{"href":89639},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[48,89642,89644,36777],{"id":89643},"end-argument",[18,89645,52604],{},[14,89647,89648,89649,89651,89652,89654],{},"By default, ",[18,89650,46604],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89653,46604],{}," starts on a new line.",[1256,89656,89454],{"id":89657},"default-behavior-1",[53,89659,89661],{"className":55,"code":89660,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89662,89663,89677],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89664,89665,89667,89669,89671,89673,89675],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89666,128],{"class":127},[62,89668,131],{"class":95},[62,89670,259],{"class":76},[62,89672,35029],{"class":80},[62,89674,259],{"class":76},[62,89676,434],{"class":95},[62,89678,89679,89681,89683,89685,89688,89690],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89680,128],{"class":127},[62,89682,131],{"class":95},[62,89684,259],{"class":76},[62,89686,89687],{"class":80},"World",[62,89689,259],{"class":76},[62,89691,434],{"class":95},[14,89693,2282],{},[53,89695,89697],{"className":55,"code":89696,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89698,89699,89703],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89700,89701],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89702,88896],{"class":68},[62,89704,89705],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89706,89707],{"class":68},"World\n",[1256,89709,89711],{"id":89710},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[53,89713,89715],{"className":55,"code":89714,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89716,89717,89739],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89718,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89720,128],{"class":127},[62,89722,131],{"class":95},[62,89724,259],{"class":76},[62,89726,35029],{"class":80},[62,89728,259],{"class":76},[62,89730,103],{"class":95},[62,89732,64987],{"class":9351},[62,89734,73],{"class":72},[62,89736,6467],{"class":76},[62,89738,434],{"class":95},[62,89740,89741,89743,89745,89747,89749,89751],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89742,128],{"class":127},[62,89744,131],{"class":95},[62,89746,259],{"class":76},[62,89748,89687],{"class":80},[62,89750,259],{"class":76},[62,89752,434],{"class":95},[14,89754,2282],{},[53,89756,89758],{"className":55,"code":89757,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89759,89760],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89761,89762],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89763,89757],{"class":68},[1256,89765,89767],{"id":89766},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[53,89769,89771],{"className":55,"code":89770,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89772,89773,89802],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89774,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89796,89798,89800],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89776,128],{"class":127},[62,89778,131],{"class":95},[62,89780,259],{"class":76},[62,89782,35029],{"class":80},[62,89784,259],{"class":76},[62,89786,103],{"class":95},[62,89788,64987],{"class":9351},[62,89790,73],{"class":72},[62,89792,259],{"class":76},[62,89794,89795],{"class":80},"!",[62,89797,87100],{"class":34616},[62,89799,259],{"class":76},[62,89801,434],{"class":95},[62,89803,89804,89806,89808,89810,89812,89814],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89805,128],{"class":127},[62,89807,131],{"class":95},[62,89809,259],{"class":76},[62,89811,89687],{"class":80},[62,89813,259],{"class":76},[62,89815,434],{"class":95},[14,89817,2282],{},[53,89819,89821],{"className":55,"code":89820,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89822,89823,89828],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89824,89825],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89826,89827],{"class":68},"Hello!\n",[62,89829,89830],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89831,89707],{"class":68},[14,89833,2191,89834,89836],{},[18,89835,52604],{}," argument is useful for:",[29,89838,89839,89842,89845],{},[32,89840,89841],{},"progress messages",[32,89843,89844],{},"inline output",[32,89846,89847],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[48,89849,89851,2602,89853],{"id":89850},"print-returns-none",[18,89852,46604],{},[18,89854,1548],{},[14,89856,89857,89858,89860],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,89859,46604],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89862,201],{},[53,89864,89866],{"className":55,"code":89865,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,89867,89868,89888],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89869,89870,89872,89874,89877,89879,89881,89884,89886],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89871,2435],{"class":68},[62,89873,73],{"class":72},[62,89875,89876],{"class":127}," print",[62,89878,131],{"class":95},[62,89880,259],{"class":76},[62,89882,89883],{"class":80},"Hi",[62,89885,259],{"class":76},[62,89887,434],{"class":95},[62,89889,89890,89892,89894,89896],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89891,128],{"class":127},[62,89893,131],{"class":95},[62,89895,2470],{"class":139},[62,89897,434],{"class":95},[14,89899,2282],{},[53,89901,89903],{"className":55,"code":89902,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,89904,89905,89910],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89906,89907],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89908,89909],{"class":68},"Hi\n",[62,89911,89912],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89913,11979],{"class":1618},[14,89915,89916],{},"Why does this happen?",[29,89918,89919,89927,89932],{},[32,89920,89921,89924,89925],{},[18,89922,89923],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,89926,89883],{},[32,89928,89929,89930],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,89931,1548],{},[32,89933,89934,89935,12091,89937],{},"so ",[18,89936,2470],{},[18,89938,1548],{},[14,89940,89941,89942,89944],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,89943,46604],{}," call.",[53,89946,89948],{"className":55,"code":89947,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,89949,89950,89963],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,89951,89952,89955,89957,89959,89961],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,89953,89954],{"class":68},"message ",[62,89956,73],{"class":72},[62,89958,77],{"class":76},[62,89960,89883],{"class":80},[62,89962,84],{"class":76},[62,89964,89965,89967,89969,89972],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,89966,128],{"class":127},[62,89968,131],{"class":95},[62,89970,89971],{"class":139},"message",[62,89973,434],{"class":95},[14,89975,89976,89977,89979,89980,89984],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,89978,46604],{}," with functions like ",[262,89981,89982],{"href":8401},[18,89983,3161],{},", which do return a value.",[48,89986,89988,89989],{"id":89987},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,89990,46604],{},[14,89992,89993,89994,89996],{},"Beginners use ",[18,89995,46604],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[29,89998,89999,90002,90005,90008],{},[32,90000,90001],{},"to display results to the user",[32,90003,90004],{},"to show messages in a script",[32,90006,90007],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[32,90009,90010],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90012,201],{},[53,90014,90016],{"className":55,"code":90015,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,90017,90018,90026,90030,90050,90061],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90019,90020,90022,90024],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90021,41334],{"class":68},[62,90023,73],{"class":72},[62,90025,38666],{"class":99},[62,90027,90028],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,90029,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,90031,90032,90034,90036,90038,90040,90042,90044,90046,90048],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,90033,6154],{"class":729},[62,90035,6581],{"class":68},[62,90037,4082],{"class":729},[62,90039,54014],{"class":127},[62,90041,131],{"class":95},[62,90043,499],{"class":99},[62,90045,103],{"class":95},[62,90047,2661],{"class":99},[62,90049,8521],{"class":95},[62,90051,90052,90055,90058],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,90053,90054],{"class":68},"    total ",[62,90056,90057],{"class":72},"+=",[62,90059,90060],{"class":68}," number\n",[62,90062,90063,90065,90067,90069,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088,90090],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,90064,754],{"class":127},[62,90066,131],{"class":95},[62,90068,259],{"class":76},[62,90070,90071],{"class":80},"Current number:",[62,90073,259],{"class":76},[62,90075,103],{"class":95},[62,90077,2402],{"class":139},[62,90079,103],{"class":95},[62,90081,77],{"class":76},[62,90083,45715],{"class":80},[62,90085,259],{"class":76},[62,90087,103],{"class":95},[62,90089,45722],{"class":139},[62,90091,434],{"class":95},[14,90093,2282],{},[53,90095,90097],{"className":55,"code":90096,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,90098,90099,90115,90129],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90100,90101,90104,90106,90108,90111,90113],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90102,90103],{"class":68},"Current number",[62,90105,267],{"class":95},[62,90107,270],{"class":99},[62,90109,90110],{"class":68}," Total",[62,90112,267],{"class":95},[62,90114,29776],{"class":99},[62,90116,90117,90119,90121,90123,90125,90127],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,90118,90103],{"class":68},[62,90120,267],{"class":95},[62,90122,284],{"class":99},[62,90124,90110],{"class":68},[62,90126,267],{"class":95},[62,90128,2781],{"class":99},[62,90130,90131,90133,90135,90137,90139,90141],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,90132,90103],{"class":68},[62,90134,267],{"class":95},[62,90136,508],{"class":99},[62,90138,90110],{"class":68},[62,90140,267],{"class":95},[62,90142,90143],{"class":99}," 6\n",[14,90145,90146,90147,409],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[262,90148,90150],{"href":90149},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[48,90152,1824],{"id":1823},[14,90154,90155,90156,409],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,90157,46604],{},[1256,90159,90161],{"id":90160},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90163,90164],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[53,90166,90168],{"className":55,"code":90167,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(Hello)\n",[18,90169,90170],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90171,90172,90174,90176,90178],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90173,128],{"class":127},[62,90175,131],{"class":95},[62,90177,35029],{"class":139},[62,90179,434],{"class":95},[14,90181,9055,90182,90184],{},[18,90183,35029],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90186,10979],{},[53,90188,90190],{"className":55,"code":90189,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90191,90192],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90193,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90195,128],{"class":127},[62,90197,131],{"class":95},[62,90199,259],{"class":76},[62,90201,35029],{"class":80},[62,90203,259],{"class":76},[62,90205,434],{"class":95},[1256,90207,1834,90209,90211],{"id":90208},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,90210,128],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90213,90214],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[53,90216,90218],{"className":55,"code":90217,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,90219,90220],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90221,90222,90224,90226,90228],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90223,128],{"class":127},[62,90225,77],{"class":76},[62,90227,35029],{"class":80},[62,90229,84],{"class":76},[14,90231,10979],{},[53,90233,90234],{"className":55,"code":90189,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,90235,90236],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90237,90238,90240,90242,90244,90246,90248],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90239,128],{"class":127},[62,90241,131],{"class":95},[62,90243,259],{"class":76},[62,90245,35029],{"class":80},[62,90247,259],{"class":76},[62,90249,434],{"class":95},[1256,90251,90253,90254],{"id":90252},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90255,2270],{},[14,90257,90258,90259,409],{},"This causes a ",[18,90260,1535],{},[53,90262,90263],{"className":55,"code":89351,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,90264,90265,90273],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90266,90267,90269,90271],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90268,21790],{"class":68},[62,90270,73],{"class":72},[62,90272,2791],{"class":99},[62,90274,90275,90277,90279,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,90276,128],{"class":127},[62,90278,131],{"class":95},[62,90280,259],{"class":76},[62,90282,89372],{"class":80},[62,90284,259],{"class":76},[62,90286,2658],{"class":72},[62,90288,9364],{"class":139},[62,90290,434],{"class":95},[14,90292,90293],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[53,90295,90297],{"className":55,"code":90296,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90298,90299],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90300,90301,90303,90305,90307,90309,90311,90313,90315],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90302,128],{"class":127},[62,90304,131],{"class":95},[62,90306,259],{"class":76},[62,90308,89273],{"class":80},[62,90310,259],{"class":76},[62,90312,103],{"class":95},[62,90314,9364],{"class":139},[62,90316,434],{"class":95},[14,90318,90319],{},"Or convert the number first:",[53,90321,90323],{"className":55,"code":90322,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90324,90325],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90326,90327,90329,90331,90333,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90345],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90328,128],{"class":127},[62,90330,131],{"class":95},[62,90332,259],{"class":76},[62,90334,89372],{"class":80},[62,90336,259],{"class":76},[62,90338,2658],{"class":72},[62,90340,1714],{"class":430},[62,90342,131],{"class":95},[62,90344,1073],{"class":139},[62,90346,1013],{"class":95},[14,90348,90349,90350,409],{},"If you see this error, read ",[262,90351,90353],{"href":90352},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1256,90355,8631,90357,90359],{"id":90356},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90358,46604],{}," to return a value",[14,90361,90362,90363,35492,90366,267],{},"This does not store ",[18,90364,90365],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90367,2470],{},[53,90369,90371],{"className":55,"code":90370,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90372,90373],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90374,90375,90377,90379,90381,90383,90385,90387,90389],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90376,2435],{"class":68},[62,90378,73],{"class":72},[62,90380,89876],{"class":127},[62,90382,131],{"class":95},[62,90384,259],{"class":76},[62,90386,35029],{"class":80},[62,90388,259],{"class":76},[62,90390,434],{"class":95},[14,90392,90393,90394,409],{},"It stores ",[18,90395,1548],{},[1256,90397,90399,90400,1940,90402],{"id":90398},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90401,89413],{},[18,90403,52604],{},[14,90405,85759],{},[29,90407,90408,90417],{},[32,90409,90410,90412,90413,90416],{},[18,90411,89413],{}," changes what goes ",[3946,90414,90415],{},"between"," multiple values",[32,90418,90419,90421,90422,90425],{},[18,90420,52604],{}," changes what appears ",[3946,90423,90424],{},"after"," the output",[48,90427,90429],{"id":90428},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90431,90432,90433,90435],{},"These simple ",[18,90434,46604],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[53,90437,90439],{"className":55,"code":90438,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90440,90441,90461,90476],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90442,90443,90445,90447,90449,90452,90454,90456,90459],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90444,128],{"class":127},[62,90446,131],{"class":95},[62,90448,259],{"class":76},[62,90450,90451],{"class":80},"Debug:",[62,90453,259],{"class":76},[62,90455,103],{"class":95},[62,90457,90458],{"class":139}," variable_name",[62,90460,434],{"class":95},[62,90462,90463,90465,90467,90469,90471,90474],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,90464,128],{"class":127},[62,90466,131],{"class":95},[62,90468,1690],{"class":430},[62,90470,131],{"class":95},[62,90472,90473],{"class":139},"variable_name",[62,90475,1013],{"class":95},[62,90477,90478,90480,90482,90484],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,90479,32314],{"class":127},[62,90481,131],{"class":95},[62,90483,128],{"class":127},[62,90485,434],{"class":95},[14,90487,90488],{},"What they do:",[29,90490,90491,90497,90503],{},[32,90492,90493,90496],{},[18,90494,90495],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[32,90498,90499,90502],{},[18,90500,90501],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[32,90504,90505,90508,90509],{},[18,90506,90507],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90510,46604],{},[48,90512,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,90514,12875,90516,90518],{"id":90515},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90517,46604],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90520,90521,90522,90524,90525,36783],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90523,46604],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90526,52604],{},[1256,90528,5368,90530,90532],{"id":90529},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90531,46604],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90534,90535,90536,90538],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90537,46604],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1256,90540,5356,90542,5359,90545,632],{"id":90541},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90543,90544],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90546,1548],{},[14,90548,29222,90549,90551],{},[18,90550,46604],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1256,90553,90555],{"id":90554},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90557,90558],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[53,90560,90562],{"className":55,"code":90561,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90563,90564],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90565,90566,90568,90570,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90567,128],{"class":127},[62,90569,131],{"class":95},[62,90571,259],{"class":76},[62,90573,89273],{"class":80},[62,90575,259],{"class":76},[62,90577,103],{"class":95},[62,90579,6200],{"class":99},[62,90581,434],{"class":95},[14,90583,90584,90585,40083],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90586,47836],{},[1256,90588,5378,90590,1940,90592,632],{"id":90589},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90591,89413],{},[18,90593,52604],{},[29,90595,90596,90601],{},[32,90597,90598,90600],{},[18,90599,89413],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[32,90602,90603,90605],{},[18,90604,52604],{}," changes what appears after the output",[48,90607,2109],{"id":2108},[29,90609,90610,90614,90620,90626,90631,90636],{},[32,90611,90612],{},[262,90613,398],{"href":397},[32,90615,90616],{},[262,90617,3779,90618,3712],{"href":8401},[18,90619,3161],{},[32,90621,90622],{},[262,90623,3779,90624,3712],{"href":42327},[18,90625,47836],{},[32,90627,90628],{},[262,90629,90630],{"href":89639},"How to format strings in Python",[32,90632,90633],{},[262,90634,90635],{"href":90149},"How to debug Python code",[32,90637,90638],{},[262,90639,90353],{"href":90352},[2145,90641,90642],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":90644},[90645,90646,90648,90649,90655,90656,90657,90662,90668,90670,90672,90683,90684,90695],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":88817,"depth":87,"text":90647},"What print() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":89053,"depth":87,"text":89054,"children":90650},[90651,90652,90653,90654],{"id":89062,"depth":117,"text":89063},{"id":89103,"depth":117,"text":89104},{"id":89135,"depth":117,"text":89136},{"id":89162,"depth":117,"text":89163},{"id":89204,"depth":87,"text":89205},{"id":89400,"depth":87,"text":89401},{"id":89440,"depth":87,"text":90658,"children":90659},"sep argument",[90660,90661],{"id":89453,"depth":117,"text":89454},{"id":89503,"depth":117,"text":89504},{"id":89643,"depth":87,"text":90663,"children":90664},"end argument",[90665,90666,90667],{"id":89657,"depth":117,"text":89454},{"id":89710,"depth":117,"text":89711},{"id":89766,"depth":117,"text":89767},{"id":89850,"depth":87,"text":90669},"print() returns None",{"id":89987,"depth":87,"text":90671},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":90673},[90674,90675,90677,90679,90681],{"id":90160,"depth":117,"text":90161},{"id":90208,"depth":117,"text":90676},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90252,"depth":117,"text":90678},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90356,"depth":117,"text":90680},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90398,"depth":117,"text":90682},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90428,"depth":87,"text":90429},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":90685},[90686,90688,90690,90692,90693],{"id":90515,"depth":117,"text":90687},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90529,"depth":117,"text":90689},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90541,"depth":117,"text":90691},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90554,"depth":117,"text":90555},{"id":90589,"depth":117,"text":90694},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88700,"description":90696},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90703,"title":90704,"body":90705,"description":93009,"extension":2174,"meta":93010,"navigation":120,"path":93011,"seo":93012,"stem":93013,"__hash__":93014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90706,"toc":92955},[90707,90712,90717,90730,90732,90797,90808,90813,90818,90820,90843,90846,90877,90879,90896,90901,90907,90912,90961,90964,90981,90987,90992,91015,91017,91045,91051,91059,91086,91088,91113,91119,91122,91153,91155,91184,91188,91191,91196,91218,91220,91248,91254,91260,91286,91288,91312,91318,91324,91354,91356,91384,91394,91398,91404,91437,91439,91468,91471,91474,91507,91509,91517,91523,91525,91548,91553,91562,91567,91581,91583,91623,91625,91655,91659,91694,91700,91704,91748,91750,91780,91786,91789,91868,91870,91892,91900,91903,91966,91974,92049,92055,92062,92067,92072,92095,92097,92118,92120,92133,92135,92182,92184,92223,92232,92234,92238,92242,92245,92272,92275,92304,92307,92331,92334,92342,92348,92370,92372,92400,92404,92409,92464,92469,92471,92528,92535,92544,92547,92579,92581,92589,92592,92598,92600,92623,92626,92632,92635,92654,92656,92675,92678,92700,92702,92730,92734,92738,92843,92845,92858,92860,92866,92869,92877,92882,92888,92894,92899,92907,92913,92920,92922,92952],[10,90708,3779,90710,3783],{"id":90709},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90711,36359],{},[14,90713,32479,90714,90716],{},[18,90715,36359],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90718,90719,90720,90722,90723,90725,90726,90729],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90721,6154],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90724,36359],{}," stops ",[3946,90727,90728],{},"before"," the end value.",[48,90731,51],{"id":50},[53,90733,90735],{"className":55,"code":90734,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,90736,90737,90753,90763,90767,90772,90777,90782,90787,90792],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90738,90739,90741,90743,90745,90747,90749,90751],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90740,6154],{"class":729},[62,90742,69495],{"class":68},[62,90744,4082],{"class":729},[62,90746,54014],{"class":127},[62,90748,131],{"class":95},[62,90750,299],{"class":99},[62,90752,8521],{"class":95},[62,90754,90755,90757,90759,90761],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,90756,754],{"class":127},[62,90758,131],{"class":95},[62,90760,645],{"class":139},[62,90762,434],{"class":95},[62,90764,90765],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,90766,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,90768,90769],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,90770,90771],{"class":146},"# Output:\n",[62,90773,90774],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,90775,90776],{"class":146},"# 0\n",[62,90778,90779],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,90780,90781],{"class":146},"# 1\n",[62,90783,90784],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,90785,90786],{"class":146},"# 2\n",[62,90788,90789],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,90790,90791],{"class":146},"# 3\n",[62,90793,90794],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,90795,90796],{"class":146},"# 4\n",[14,90798,90799,90802,90803,90805,90806,409],{},[18,90800,90801],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90804,665],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90807,299],{},[48,90809,3879,90811,3882],{"id":90810},"what-range-does",[18,90812,36359],{},[14,90814,90815,90817],{},[18,90816,36359],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90819,13222],{},[29,90821,90822,90827,90833,90838],{},[32,90823,90824,90826],{},[18,90825,36359],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[32,90828,90829,90830,90832],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90831,6154],{}," loops",[32,90834,90835,90836],{},"The stop value is ",[3946,90837,65016],{},[32,90839,17587,90840,90842],{},[18,90841,59944],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90844,90845],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[53,90847,90849],{"className":55,"code":90848,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,90850,90851,90867],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90852,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90854,6154],{"class":729},[62,90856,6581],{"class":68},[62,90858,4082],{"class":729},[62,90860,54014],{"class":127},[62,90862,131],{"class":95},[62,90864,2273],{"class":99},[62,90866,8521],{"class":95},[62,90868,90869,90871,90873,90875],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,90870,754],{"class":127},[62,90872,131],{"class":95},[62,90874,2445],{"class":139},[62,90876,434],{"class":95},[14,90878,2282],{},[53,90880,90882],{"className":55,"code":90881,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,90883,90884,90888,90892],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90885,90886],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90887,47404],{"class":99},[62,90889,90890],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,90891,47069],{"class":99},[62,90893,90894],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,90895,17223],{"class":99},[14,90897,90898,90899,409],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[262,90900,36191],{"href":36190},[48,90902,90904,90906],{"id":90903},"range-syntax",[18,90905,36359],{}," syntax",[14,90908,90909,90911],{},[18,90910,36359],{}," has three common forms:",[53,90913,90915],{"className":55,"code":90914,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,90916,90917,90927,90942],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90918,90919,90921,90923,90925],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,90920,59944],{"class":127},[62,90922,131],{"class":95},[62,90924,75373],{"class":139},[62,90926,434],{"class":95},[62,90928,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90940],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,90930,59944],{"class":127},[62,90932,131],{"class":95},[62,90934,36235],{"class":139},[62,90936,103],{"class":95},[62,90938,90939],{"class":139}," stop",[62,90941,434],{"class":95},[62,90943,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90959],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,90945,59944],{"class":127},[62,90947,131],{"class":95},[62,90949,36235],{"class":139},[62,90951,103],{"class":95},[62,90953,90939],{"class":139},[62,90955,103],{"class":95},[62,90957,90958],{"class":139}," step",[62,90960,434],{"class":95},[14,90962,90963],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[29,90965,90966,90971,90976],{},[32,90967,90968,90970],{},[18,90969,36235],{}," = first number",[32,90972,90973,90975],{},[18,90974,75373],{}," = end limit, not included",[32,90977,90978,90980],{},[18,90979,75376],{}," = amount to move each time",[1256,90982,90984],{"id":90983},"rangestop",[18,90985,90986],{},"range(stop)",[14,90988,90989,90990,409],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,90991,665],{},[53,90993,90995],{"className":55,"code":90994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,90996,90997],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,90998,90999,91001,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91000,128],{"class":127},[62,91002,131],{"class":95},[62,91004,8276],{"class":430},[62,91006,131],{"class":95},[62,91008,59944],{"class":127},[62,91010,131],{"class":95},[62,91012,299],{"class":99},[62,91014,3115],{"class":95},[14,91016,2282],{},[53,91018,91019],{"className":55,"code":59967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91020,91021],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91022,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91024,948],{"class":95},[62,91026,665],{"class":99},[62,91028,103],{"class":95},[62,91030,270],{"class":99},[62,91032,103],{"class":95},[62,91034,284],{"class":99},[62,91036,103],{"class":95},[62,91038,508],{"class":99},[62,91040,103],{"class":95},[62,91042,2661],{"class":99},[62,91044,114],{"class":95},[1256,91046,91048],{"id":91047},"rangestart-stop",[18,91049,91050],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91052,91053,91054,91056,91057,409],{},"This starts at ",[18,91055,36235],{}," and stops before ",[18,91058,75373],{},[53,91060,91062],{"className":55,"code":91061,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,91063,91064],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91065,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91067,128],{"class":127},[62,91069,131],{"class":95},[62,91071,8276],{"class":430},[62,91073,131],{"class":95},[62,91075,59944],{"class":127},[62,91077,131],{"class":95},[62,91079,1935],{"class":99},[62,91081,103],{"class":95},[62,91083,304],{"class":99},[62,91085,3115],{"class":95},[14,91087,2282],{},[53,91089,91091],{"className":55,"code":91090,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,91092,91093],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91094,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91096,948],{"class":95},[62,91098,1935],{"class":99},[62,91100,103],{"class":95},[62,91102,508],{"class":99},[62,91104,103],{"class":95},[62,91106,2661],{"class":99},[62,91108,103],{"class":95},[62,91110,4804],{"class":99},[62,91112,114],{"class":95},[1256,91114,91116],{"id":91115},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,91117,91118],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91120,91121],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[53,91123,91125],{"className":55,"code":91124,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,91126,91127],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91128,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91130,128],{"class":127},[62,91132,131],{"class":95},[62,91134,8276],{"class":430},[62,91136,131],{"class":95},[62,91138,59944],{"class":127},[62,91140,131],{"class":95},[62,91142,499],{"class":99},[62,91144,103],{"class":95},[62,91146,6200],{"class":99},[62,91148,103],{"class":95},[62,91150,284],{"class":99},[62,91152,3115],{"class":95},[14,91154,2282],{},[53,91156,91158],{"className":55,"code":91157,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,91159,91160],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91161,91162,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91163,948],{"class":95},[62,91165,499],{"class":99},[62,91167,103],{"class":95},[62,91169,508],{"class":99},[62,91171,103],{"class":95},[62,91173,4804],{"class":99},[62,91175,103],{"class":95},[62,91177,309],{"class":99},[62,91179,103],{"class":95},[62,91181,54080],{"class":99},[62,91183,114],{"class":95},[48,91185,91187],{"id":91186},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91189,91190],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1256,91192,91194],{"id":91193},"range5",[18,91195,90801],{},[53,91197,91198],{"className":55,"code":90994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91199,91200],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91201,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91203,128],{"class":127},[62,91205,131],{"class":95},[62,91207,8276],{"class":430},[62,91209,131],{"class":95},[62,91211,59944],{"class":127},[62,91213,131],{"class":95},[62,91215,299],{"class":99},[62,91217,3115],{"class":95},[14,91219,2282],{},[53,91221,91222],{"className":55,"code":59967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91223,91224],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91225,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91227,948],{"class":95},[62,91229,665],{"class":99},[62,91231,103],{"class":95},[62,91233,270],{"class":99},[62,91235,103],{"class":95},[62,91237,284],{"class":99},[62,91239,103],{"class":95},[62,91241,508],{"class":99},[62,91243,103],{"class":95},[62,91245,2661],{"class":99},[62,91247,114],{"class":95},[14,91249,91053,91250,91056,91252,409],{},[18,91251,665],{},[18,91253,299],{},[1256,91255,91257],{"id":91256},"range2-6",[18,91258,91259],{},"range(2, 6)",[53,91261,91262],{"className":55,"code":91061,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91263,91264],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91265,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91267,128],{"class":127},[62,91269,131],{"class":95},[62,91271,8276],{"class":430},[62,91273,131],{"class":95},[62,91275,59944],{"class":127},[62,91277,131],{"class":95},[62,91279,1935],{"class":99},[62,91281,103],{"class":95},[62,91283,304],{"class":99},[62,91285,3115],{"class":95},[14,91287,2282],{},[53,91289,91290],{"className":55,"code":91090,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91291,91292],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91293,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91295,948],{"class":95},[62,91297,1935],{"class":99},[62,91299,103],{"class":95},[62,91301,508],{"class":99},[62,91303,103],{"class":95},[62,91305,2661],{"class":99},[62,91307,103],{"class":95},[62,91309,4804],{"class":99},[62,91311,114],{"class":95},[14,91313,91053,91314,91056,91316,409],{},[18,91315,1935],{},[18,91317,80541],{},[1256,91319,91321],{"id":91320},"range1-10-2",[18,91322,91323],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[53,91325,91326],{"className":55,"code":91124,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91327,91328],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91329,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91331,128],{"class":127},[62,91333,131],{"class":95},[62,91335,8276],{"class":430},[62,91337,131],{"class":95},[62,91339,59944],{"class":127},[62,91341,131],{"class":95},[62,91343,499],{"class":99},[62,91345,103],{"class":95},[62,91347,6200],{"class":99},[62,91349,103],{"class":95},[62,91351,284],{"class":99},[62,91353,3115],{"class":95},[14,91355,2282],{},[53,91357,91358],{"className":55,"code":91157,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91359,91360],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91361,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91363,948],{"class":95},[62,91365,499],{"class":99},[62,91367,103],{"class":95},[62,91369,508],{"class":99},[62,91371,103],{"class":95},[62,91373,4804],{"class":99},[62,91375,103],{"class":95},[62,91377,309],{"class":99},[62,91379,103],{"class":95},[62,91381,54080],{"class":99},[62,91383,114],{"class":95},[14,91385,91386,91387,91389,91390,61247,91392,409],{},"This moves by ",[18,91388,1935],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91391,499],{},[18,91393,631],{},[1256,91395,91397],{"id":91396},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91399,91400,91401,91403],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91402,36359],{}," count backward.",[53,91405,91407],{"className":55,"code":91406,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91408,91409],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91410,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91412,128],{"class":127},[62,91414,131],{"class":95},[62,91416,8276],{"class":430},[62,91418,131],{"class":95},[62,91420,59944],{"class":127},[62,91422,131],{"class":95},[62,91424,299],{"class":99},[62,91426,103],{"class":95},[62,91428,1228],{"class":99},[62,91430,103],{"class":95},[62,91432,2427],{"class":72},[62,91434,499],{"class":99},[62,91436,3115],{"class":95},[14,91438,2282],{},[53,91440,91442],{"className":55,"code":91441,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91443,91444],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91445,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91447,948],{"class":95},[62,91449,299],{"class":99},[62,91451,103],{"class":95},[62,91453,2661],{"class":99},[62,91455,103],{"class":95},[62,91457,508],{"class":99},[62,91459,103],{"class":95},[62,91461,284],{"class":99},[62,91463,103],{"class":95},[62,91465,270],{"class":99},[62,91467,114],{"class":95},[14,91469,91470],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91472,91473],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[53,91475,91477],{"className":55,"code":91476,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91478,91479],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91480,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91482,128],{"class":127},[62,91484,131],{"class":95},[62,91486,8276],{"class":430},[62,91488,131],{"class":95},[62,91490,59944],{"class":127},[62,91492,131],{"class":95},[62,91494,499],{"class":99},[62,91496,103],{"class":95},[62,91498,4804],{"class":99},[62,91500,103],{"class":95},[62,91502,2427],{"class":72},[62,91504,499],{"class":99},[62,91506,3115],{"class":95},[14,91508,2282],{},[53,91510,91511],{"className":55,"code":38453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91512,91513],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91514,91515],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91516,38453],{"class":95},[1256,91518,91519,76536,91521],{"id":76760},[18,91520,75376],{},[18,91522,665],{},[14,91524,3040],{},[53,91526,91528],{"className":55,"code":91527,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91529,91530],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91531,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91533,59944],{"class":127},[62,91535,131],{"class":95},[62,91537,499],{"class":99},[62,91539,103],{"class":95},[62,91541,4804],{"class":99},[62,91543,103],{"class":95},[62,91545,1228],{"class":99},[62,91547,434],{"class":95},[14,91549,76805,91550,91552],{},[18,91551,40857],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[48,91554,1834,91556,91558,91559,91561],{"id":91555},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91557,36359],{}," in a ",[18,91560,6154],{}," loop",[14,91563,91564,91566],{},[18,91565,36359],{}," is most useful when:",[29,91568,91569,91572,91575],{},[32,91570,91571],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[32,91573,91574],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[32,91576,91577,91578],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91579,91580],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91582,201],{},[53,91584,91586],{"className":55,"code":91585,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91587,91588,91604],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91589,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91591,6154],{"class":729},[62,91593,69495],{"class":68},[62,91595,4082],{"class":729},[62,91597,54014],{"class":127},[62,91599,131],{"class":95},[62,91601,2273],{"class":99},[62,91603,8521],{"class":95},[62,91605,91606,91608,91610,91612,91615,91617,91619,91621],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,91607,754],{"class":127},[62,91609,131],{"class":95},[62,91611,259],{"class":76},[62,91613,91614],{"class":80},"Loop number:",[62,91616,259],{"class":76},[62,91618,103],{"class":95},[62,91620,36292],{"class":139},[62,91622,434],{"class":95},[14,91624,2282],{},[53,91626,91628],{"className":55,"code":91627,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91629,91630,91639,91647],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91631,91632,91635,91637],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91633,91634],{"class":68},"Loop number",[62,91636,267],{"class":95},[62,91638,38666],{"class":99},[62,91640,91641,91643,91645],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,91642,91634],{"class":68},[62,91644,267],{"class":95},[62,91646,29776],{"class":99},[62,91648,91649,91651,91653],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,91650,91634],{"class":68},[62,91652,267],{"class":95},[62,91654,45741],{"class":99},[1256,91656,91658],{"id":91657},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[53,91660,91662],{"className":55,"code":91661,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91663,91664,91680],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91665,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91667,6154],{"class":729},[62,91669,69495],{"class":68},[62,91671,4082],{"class":729},[62,91673,54014],{"class":127},[62,91675,131],{"class":95},[62,91677,299],{"class":99},[62,91679,8521],{"class":95},[62,91681,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,91683,754],{"class":127},[62,91685,131],{"class":95},[62,91687,259],{"class":76},[62,91689,35029],{"class":80},[62,91691,259],{"class":76},[62,91693,434],{"class":95},[14,91695,91696,91697,91699],{},"This prints ",[18,91698,90365],{}," five times.",[1256,91701,91703],{"id":91702},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[53,91705,91707],{"className":55,"code":91706,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91708,91709,91729],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91710,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91712,6154],{"class":729},[62,91714,69495],{"class":68},[62,91716,4082],{"class":729},[62,91718,54014],{"class":127},[62,91720,131],{"class":95},[62,91722,499],{"class":99},[62,91724,103],{"class":95},[62,91726,2661],{"class":99},[62,91728,8521],{"class":95},[62,91730,91731,91733,91735,91737,91740,91742,91744,91746],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,91732,754],{"class":127},[62,91734,131],{"class":95},[62,91736,259],{"class":76},[62,91738,91739],{"class":80},"Current number is",[62,91741,259],{"class":76},[62,91743,103],{"class":95},[62,91745,36292],{"class":139},[62,91747,434],{"class":95},[14,91749,2282],{},[53,91751,91753],{"className":55,"code":91752,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91754,91755,91764,91772],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91756,91757,91760,91762],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91758,91759],{"class":68},"Current number ",[62,91761,1791],{"class":72},[62,91763,29776],{"class":99},[62,91765,91766,91768,91770],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,91767,91759],{"class":68},[62,91769,1791],{"class":72},[62,91771,45741],{"class":99},[62,91773,91774,91776,91778],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,91775,91759],{"class":68},[62,91777,1791],{"class":72},[62,91779,2781],{"class":99},[1256,91781,91783,91785],{"id":91782},"range-and-indexing",[18,91784,36359],{}," and indexing",[14,91787,91788],{},"You may see code like this:",[53,91790,91792],{"className":55,"code":91791,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91793,91794,91826,91830,91850],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91795,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91797,90],{"class":68},[62,91799,73],{"class":72},[62,91801,96],{"class":95},[62,91803,259],{"class":76},[62,91805,262],{"class":80},[62,91807,259],{"class":76},[62,91809,103],{"class":95},[62,91811,77],{"class":76},[62,91813,277],{"class":80},[62,91815,259],{"class":76},[62,91817,103],{"class":95},[62,91819,77],{"class":76},[62,91821,9912],{"class":80},[62,91823,259],{"class":76},[62,91825,114],{"class":95},[62,91827,91828],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,91829,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,91831,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,91833,6154],{"class":729},[62,91835,69495],{"class":68},[62,91837,4082],{"class":729},[62,91839,54014],{"class":127},[62,91841,131],{"class":95},[62,91843,134],{"class":127},[62,91845,131],{"class":95},[62,91847,161],{"class":139},[62,91849,69510],{"class":95},[62,91851,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,91853,754],{"class":127},[62,91855,131],{"class":95},[62,91857,645],{"class":139},[62,91859,103],{"class":95},[62,91861,6162],{"class":139},[62,91863,948],{"class":95},[62,91865,645],{"class":139},[62,91867,4088],{"class":95},[14,91869,2282],{},[53,91871,91872],{"className":55,"code":36327,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,91873,91874,91880,91886],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91875,91876,91878],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91877,665],{"class":99},[62,91879,36336],{"class":68},[62,91881,91882,91884],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,91883,499],{"class":99},[62,91885,36343],{"class":68},[62,91887,91888,91890],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,91889,1935],{"class":99},[62,91891,36350],{"class":68},[14,91893,91894,91895,91899],{},"This works, and it uses ",[262,91896,91897],{"href":42510},[18,91898,20],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91901,91902],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[53,91904,91906],{"className":55,"code":91905,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,91907,91908,91940,91944,91956],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91909,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91911,90],{"class":68},[62,91913,73],{"class":72},[62,91915,96],{"class":95},[62,91917,259],{"class":76},[62,91919,262],{"class":80},[62,91921,259],{"class":76},[62,91923,103],{"class":95},[62,91925,77],{"class":76},[62,91927,277],{"class":80},[62,91929,259],{"class":76},[62,91931,103],{"class":95},[62,91933,77],{"class":76},[62,91935,9912],{"class":80},[62,91937,259],{"class":76},[62,91939,114],{"class":95},[62,91941,91942],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,91943,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,91945,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,91947,6154],{"class":729},[62,91949,6157],{"class":68},[62,91951,4082],{"class":729},[62,91953,6162],{"class":68},[62,91955,749],{"class":95},[62,91957,91958,91960,91962,91964],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,91959,754],{"class":127},[62,91961,131],{"class":95},[62,91963,23470],{"class":139},[62,91965,434],{"class":95},[14,91967,36754,91968,91973],{},[262,91969,91971],{"href":91970},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,91972,35911],{}," is usually a better choice:",[53,91975,91977],{"className":55,"code":91976,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,91978,91979,92011,92015,92035],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,91980,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,91982,90],{"class":68},[62,91984,73],{"class":72},[62,91986,96],{"class":95},[62,91988,259],{"class":76},[62,91990,262],{"class":80},[62,91992,259],{"class":76},[62,91994,103],{"class":95},[62,91996,77],{"class":76},[62,91998,277],{"class":80},[62,92000,259],{"class":76},[62,92002,103],{"class":95},[62,92004,77],{"class":76},[62,92006,9912],{"class":80},[62,92008,259],{"class":76},[62,92010,114],{"class":95},[62,92012,92013],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,92014,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,92016,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,92018,6154],{"class":729},[62,92020,35983],{"class":68},[62,92022,103],{"class":95},[62,92024,6157],{"class":68},[62,92026,4082],{"class":729},[62,92028,35993],{"class":127},[62,92030,131],{"class":95},[62,92032,161],{"class":139},[62,92034,8521],{"class":95},[62,92036,92037,92039,92041,92043,92045,92047],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,92038,754],{"class":127},[62,92040,131],{"class":95},[62,92042,36008],{"class":139},[62,92044,103],{"class":95},[62,92046,29668],{"class":139},[62,92048,434],{"class":95},[14,92050,79065,92051,409],{},[262,92052,36767,92053,36770],{"href":36766},[18,92054,35911],{},[48,92056,92058,92059,92061],{"id":92057},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,92060,36359],{}," to a list",[14,92063,92064,92066],{},[18,92065,36359],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92068,92069,92070,267],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,92071,24941],{},[53,92073,92075],{"className":55,"code":92074,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,92076,92077],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92078,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92080,128],{"class":127},[62,92082,131],{"class":95},[62,92084,8276],{"class":430},[62,92086,131],{"class":95},[62,92088,59944],{"class":127},[62,92090,131],{"class":95},[62,92092,2273],{"class":99},[62,92094,3115],{"class":95},[14,92096,2282],{},[53,92098,92100],{"className":55,"code":92099,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,92101,92102],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92103,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92105,948],{"class":95},[62,92107,665],{"class":99},[62,92109,103],{"class":95},[62,92111,270],{"class":99},[62,92113,103],{"class":95},[62,92115,284],{"class":99},[62,92117,114],{"class":95},[14,92119,33474],{},[29,92121,92122,92127,92130],{},[32,92123,92124,92125,42237],{},"learning how ",[18,92126,36359],{},[32,92128,92129],{},"checking your values",[32,92131,92132],{},"debugging code",[14,92134,5670],{},[53,92136,92138],{"className":55,"code":92137,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,92139,92140,92154,92158,92168],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92141,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92143,225],{"class":68},[62,92145,73],{"class":72},[62,92147,54014],{"class":127},[62,92149,131],{"class":95},[62,92151,2708],{"class":99},[62,92153,434],{"class":95},[62,92155,92156],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,92157,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,92159,92160,92162,92164,92166],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,92161,128],{"class":127},[62,92163,131],{"class":95},[62,92165,348],{"class":139},[62,92167,434],{"class":95},[62,92169,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,92171,128],{"class":127},[62,92173,131],{"class":95},[62,92175,8276],{"class":430},[62,92177,131],{"class":95},[62,92179,348],{"class":139},[62,92181,1013],{"class":95},[14,92183,2282],{},[53,92185,92187],{"className":55,"code":92186,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,92188,92189,92203],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92192,59944],{"class":127},[62,92194,131],{"class":95},[62,92196,665],{"class":99},[62,92198,103],{"class":95},[62,92200,2661],{"class":99},[62,92202,434],{"class":95},[62,92204,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,92206,948],{"class":95},[62,92208,665],{"class":99},[62,92210,103],{"class":95},[62,92212,270],{"class":99},[62,92214,103],{"class":95},[62,92216,284],{"class":99},[62,92218,103],{"class":95},[62,92220,508],{"class":99},[62,92222,114],{"class":95},[14,92224,92225,92226,10756,92228,92231],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92227,59944],{},[18,92229,92230],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[48,92233,4718],{"id":4717},[14,92235,33703,92236,409],{},[18,92237,36359],{},[1256,92239,92241],{"id":92240},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92243,92244],{},"Many beginners think this:",[53,92246,92248],{"className":55,"code":92247,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92249,92250],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92251,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92253,128],{"class":127},[62,92255,131],{"class":95},[62,92257,8276],{"class":430},[62,92259,131],{"class":95},[62,92261,59944],{"class":127},[62,92263,131],{"class":95},[62,92265,499],{"class":99},[62,92267,103],{"class":95},[62,92269,4804],{"class":99},[62,92271,3115],{"class":95},[14,92273,92274],{},"will produce:",[53,92276,92278],{"className":55,"code":92277,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92279,92280],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92281,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92283,948],{"class":95},[62,92285,499],{"class":99},[62,92287,103],{"class":95},[62,92289,284],{"class":99},[62,92291,103],{"class":95},[62,92293,508],{"class":99},[62,92295,103],{"class":95},[62,92297,2661],{"class":99},[62,92299,103],{"class":95},[62,92301,4804],{"class":99},[62,92303,114],{"class":95},[14,92305,92306],{},"But the real output is:",[53,92308,92309],{"className":55,"code":53449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,92310,92311],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92312,92313,92315,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92314,948],{"class":95},[62,92316,499],{"class":99},[62,92318,103],{"class":95},[62,92320,284],{"class":99},[62,92322,103],{"class":95},[62,92324,508],{"class":99},[62,92326,103],{"class":95},[62,92328,2661],{"class":99},[62,92330,114],{"class":95},[14,92332,92333],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1256,92335,1859,92337,92339,92340],{"id":92336},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92338,90801],{}," starts at ",[18,92341,499],{},[14,92343,37630,92344,19127,92346,409],{},[18,92345,665],{},[18,92347,499],{},[53,92349,92350],{"className":55,"code":90994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,92351,92352],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92353,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92355,128],{"class":127},[62,92357,131],{"class":95},[62,92359,8276],{"class":430},[62,92361,131],{"class":95},[62,92363,59944],{"class":127},[62,92365,131],{"class":95},[62,92367,299],{"class":99},[62,92369,3115],{"class":95},[14,92371,2282],{},[53,92373,92374],{"className":55,"code":59967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,92375,92376],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92377,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92379,948],{"class":95},[62,92381,665],{"class":99},[62,92383,103],{"class":95},[62,92385,270],{"class":99},[62,92387,103],{"class":95},[62,92389,284],{"class":99},[62,92391,103],{"class":95},[62,92393,508],{"class":99},[62,92395,103],{"class":95},[62,92397,2661],{"class":99},[62,92399,114],{"class":95},[1256,92401,92403],{"id":92402},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92405,92406,92407,267],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92408,3161],{},[53,92410,92412],{"className":55,"code":92411,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92413,92414,92433,92437,92454],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92415,92416,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92417,92418],{"class":68},"user_number ",[62,92420,73],{"class":72},[62,92422,1329],{"class":127},[62,92424,131],{"class":95},[62,92426,259],{"class":76},[62,92428,42023],{"class":80},[62,92430,259],{"class":76},[62,92432,434],{"class":95},[62,92434,92435],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,92436,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,92438,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92452],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,92440,6154],{"class":729},[62,92442,69495],{"class":68},[62,92444,4082],{"class":729},[62,92446,54014],{"class":127},[62,92448,131],{"class":95},[62,92450,92451],{"class":139},"user_number",[62,92453,8521],{"class":95},[62,92455,92456,92458,92460,92462],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,92457,754],{"class":127},[62,92459,131],{"class":95},[62,92461,645],{"class":139},[62,92463,434],{"class":95},[14,92465,48663,92466,92468],{},[18,92467,3161],{}," returns a string.",[14,92470,10979],{},[53,92472,92474],{"className":55,"code":92473,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92475,92476,92498,92502,92518],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92477,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92479,92418],{"class":68},[62,92481,73],{"class":72},[62,92483,45428],{"class":430},[62,92485,131],{"class":95},[62,92487,42613],{"class":127},[62,92489,131],{"class":95},[62,92491,259],{"class":76},[62,92493,42023],{"class":80},[62,92495,259],{"class":76},[62,92497,1013],{"class":95},[62,92499,92500],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,92501,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,92503,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,92505,6154],{"class":729},[62,92507,69495],{"class":68},[62,92509,4082],{"class":729},[62,92511,54014],{"class":127},[62,92513,131],{"class":95},[62,92515,92451],{"class":139},[62,92517,8521],{"class":95},[62,92519,92520,92522,92524,92526],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,92521,754],{"class":127},[62,92523,131],{"class":95},[62,92525,645],{"class":139},[62,92527,434],{"class":95},[14,92529,92530,92531,409],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[262,92532,50674,92533],{"href":50673},[18,92534,50677],{},[1256,92536,92538,92539,92541,92542],{"id":92537},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92540,36235],{}," smaller than ",[18,92543,75373],{},[14,92545,92546],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[53,92548,92549],{"className":55,"code":91476,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,92550,92551],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92552,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92554,128],{"class":127},[62,92556,131],{"class":95},[62,92558,8276],{"class":430},[62,92560,131],{"class":95},[62,92562,59944],{"class":127},[62,92564,131],{"class":95},[62,92566,499],{"class":99},[62,92568,103],{"class":95},[62,92570,4804],{"class":99},[62,92572,103],{"class":95},[62,92574,2427],{"class":72},[62,92576,499],{"class":99},[62,92578,3115],{"class":95},[14,92580,2282],{},[53,92582,92583],{"className":55,"code":38453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,92584,92585],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92586,92587],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92588,38453],{"class":95},[14,92590,92591],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1256,92593,25777,92595],{"id":92594},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92596,92597],{},"step = 0",[14,92599,77516],{},[53,92601,92603],{"className":55,"code":92602,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92604,92605],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92606,92607,92609,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92608,59944],{"class":127},[62,92610,131],{"class":95},[62,92612,499],{"class":99},[62,92614,103],{"class":95},[62,92616,6200],{"class":99},[62,92618,103],{"class":95},[62,92620,1228],{"class":99},[62,92622,434],{"class":95},[14,92624,92625],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1256,92627,4904,92629,92631],{"id":92628},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92630,36359],{}," is not a list",[14,92633,92634],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[53,92636,92638],{"className":55,"code":92637,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92639,92640],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92641,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92643,128],{"class":127},[62,92645,131],{"class":95},[62,92647,59944],{"class":127},[62,92649,131],{"class":95},[62,92651,299],{"class":99},[62,92653,1013],{"class":95},[14,92655,2282],{},[53,92657,92659],{"className":55,"code":92658,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92660,92661],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92662,92663,92665,92667,92669,92671,92673],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92664,59944],{"class":127},[62,92666,131],{"class":95},[62,92668,665],{"class":99},[62,92670,103],{"class":95},[62,92672,4804],{"class":99},[62,92674,434],{"class":95},[14,92676,92677],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[53,92679,92680],{"className":55,"code":90994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,92681,92682],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92683,92684,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92685,128],{"class":127},[62,92687,131],{"class":95},[62,92689,8276],{"class":430},[62,92691,131],{"class":95},[62,92693,59944],{"class":127},[62,92695,131],{"class":95},[62,92697,299],{"class":99},[62,92699,3115],{"class":95},[14,92701,2282],{},[53,92703,92704],{"className":55,"code":59967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,92705,92706],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92707,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92709,948],{"class":95},[62,92711,665],{"class":99},[62,92713,103],{"class":95},[62,92715,270],{"class":99},[62,92717,103],{"class":95},[62,92719,284],{"class":99},[62,92721,103],{"class":95},[62,92723,508],{"class":99},[62,92725,103],{"class":95},[62,92727,2661],{"class":99},[62,92729,114],{"class":95},[48,92731,92733],{"id":92732},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92735,9055,92736,82287],{},[18,92737,36359],{},[53,92739,92741],{"className":55,"code":92740,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92742,92743,92757,92775,92797,92825],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,92744,92745,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,92746,128],{"class":127},[62,92748,131],{"class":95},[62,92750,59944],{"class":127},[62,92752,131],{"class":95},[62,92754,299],{"class":99},[62,92756,1013],{"class":95},[62,92758,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,92760,128],{"class":127},[62,92762,131],{"class":95},[62,92764,8276],{"class":430},[62,92766,131],{"class":95},[62,92768,59944],{"class":127},[62,92770,131],{"class":95},[62,92772,299],{"class":99},[62,92774,3115],{"class":95},[62,92776,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,92778,128],{"class":127},[62,92780,131],{"class":95},[62,92782,8276],{"class":430},[62,92784,131],{"class":95},[62,92786,59944],{"class":127},[62,92788,131],{"class":95},[62,92790,1935],{"class":99},[62,92792,103],{"class":95},[62,92794,1409],{"class":99},[62,92796,3115],{"class":95},[62,92798,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,92800,128],{"class":127},[62,92802,131],{"class":95},[62,92804,8276],{"class":430},[62,92806,131],{"class":95},[62,92808,59944],{"class":127},[62,92810,131],{"class":95},[62,92812,100],{"class":99},[62,92814,103],{"class":95},[62,92816,1228],{"class":99},[62,92818,103],{"class":95},[62,92820,2427],{"class":72},[62,92822,1935],{"class":99},[62,92824,3115],{"class":95},[62,92826,92827,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837,92839,92841],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,92828,128],{"class":127},[62,92830,131],{"class":95},[62,92832,1690],{"class":430},[62,92834,131],{"class":95},[62,92836,59944],{"class":127},[62,92838,131],{"class":95},[62,92840,299],{"class":99},[62,92842,3115],{"class":95},[14,92844,26169],{},[29,92846,92847,92850,92853],{},[32,92848,92849],{},"what values are being created",[32,92851,92852],{},"whether the direction is correct",[32,92854,92855,92856,24777],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,92857,59944],{},[48,92859,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,92861,12875,92863,92865],{"id":92862},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,92864,36359],{}," include the last number?",[14,92867,92868],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1256,92870,5356,92872,92874,92875,632],{"id":92871},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,92873,90801],{}," start at ",[18,92876,665],{},[14,92878,92879,92880,409],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,92881,665],{},[1256,92883,5368,92885,92887],{"id":92884},"can-range-count-backward",[18,92886,36359],{}," count backward?",[14,92889,92890,92891,409],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,92892,92893],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1256,92895,15070,92897,26204],{"id":92896},"is-range-a-list",[18,92898,36359],{},[14,92900,26207,92901,92903,92904,24098],{},[18,92902,59944],{}," object. Use ",[18,92905,92906],{},"list(range(...))",[1256,92908,5356,92910,48836],{"id":92909},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,92911,92912],{},"range(input())",[14,92914,92915,3687,92917,409],{},[18,92916,3161],{},[18,92918,92919],{},"int(input())",[48,92921,2109],{"id":2108},[29,92923,92924,92928,92934,92940,92946],{},[32,92925,92926],{},[262,92927,36191],{"href":36190},[32,92929,92930],{},[262,92931,3779,92932,3712],{"href":42510},[18,92933,20],{},[32,92935,92936],{},[262,92937,3779,92938,3712],{"href":91970},[18,92939,35911],{},[32,92941,92942],{},[262,92943,37681,92944,36770],{"href":36766},[18,92945,35911],{},[32,92947,92948],{},[262,92949,50674,92950],{"href":50673},[18,92951,50677],{},[2145,92953,92954],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":92956},[92957,92958,92960,92966,92974,92981,92983,92995,92996,93008],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":90810,"depth":87,"text":92959},"What range() does",{"id":90903,"depth":87,"text":92961,"children":92962},"range() syntax",[92963,92964,92965],{"id":90983,"depth":117,"text":90986},{"id":91047,"depth":117,"text":91050},{"id":91115,"depth":117,"text":91118},{"id":91186,"depth":87,"text":91187,"children":92967},[92968,92969,92970,92971,92972],{"id":91193,"depth":117,"text":90801},{"id":91256,"depth":117,"text":91259},{"id":91320,"depth":117,"text":91323},{"id":91396,"depth":117,"text":91397},{"id":76760,"depth":117,"text":92973},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91555,"depth":87,"text":92975,"children":92976},"Using range() in a for loop",[92977,92978,92979],{"id":91657,"depth":117,"text":91658},{"id":91702,"depth":117,"text":91703},{"id":91782,"depth":117,"text":92980},"range() and indexing",{"id":92057,"depth":87,"text":92982},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":92984},[92985,92986,92988,92989,92991,92993],{"id":92240,"depth":117,"text":92241},{"id":92336,"depth":117,"text":92987},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92402,"depth":117,"text":92403},{"id":92537,"depth":117,"text":92990},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92594,"depth":117,"text":92992},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92628,"depth":117,"text":92994},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92732,"depth":87,"text":92733},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":92997},[92998,93000,93002,93004,93006],{"id":92862,"depth":117,"text":92999},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92871,"depth":117,"text":93001},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92884,"depth":117,"text":93003},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92896,"depth":117,"text":93005},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92909,"depth":117,"text":93007},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90704,"description":93009},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93016,"title":93017,"body":93018,"description":94691,"extension":2174,"meta":94692,"navigation":120,"path":94693,"seo":94694,"stem":94695,"__hash__":94696},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93019,"toc":94664},[93020,93029,93036,93053,93069,93071,93120,93128,93132,93135,93155,93157,93221,93223,93266,93269,93315,93317,93350,93360,93366,93374,93391,93393,93424,93426,93451,93456,93467,93470,93540,93542,93573,93578,93583,93600,93602,93653,93655,93688,93691,93698,93703,93707,93723,93725,93769,93771,93817,93820,93833,93838,93842,93856,93858,93909,93911,93944,93949,93951,93958,93960,93983,93985,94050,94052,94069,94072,94105,94107,94135,94145,94152,94156,94159,94177,94180,94208,94211,94229,94234,94240,94243,94265,94267,94295,94297,94300,94325,94328,94441,94443,94522,94524,94530,94535,94543,94551,94555,94558,94560,94593,94595,94603,94609,94616,94623,94626,94628,94661],[10,93021,3779,93023,10756,93025,93028],{"id":93022},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,93024,36359],{},[18,93026,93027],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93030,93031,1940,93033,93035],{},[18,93032,36359],{},[18,93034,93027],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[29,93037,93038,93046],{},[32,93039,93040,93042,93043],{},[18,93041,36359],{}," creates a ",[3946,93044,93045],{},"range object",[32,93047,93048,93042,93050],{},[18,93049,93027],{},[3946,93051,93052],{},"real list",[14,93054,93055,93056,93058,93059,93062,93063,93065,93066,93068],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,93057,90801],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,93060,93061],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,93064,36359],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,93067,93027],{}," when you actually need a list.",[48,93070,3813],{"id":3812},[53,93072,93074],{"className":55,"code":93073,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93075,93076,93090,93103],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93077,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93079,225],{"class":68},[62,93081,73],{"class":72},[62,93083,54014],{"class":127},[62,93085,131],{"class":95},[62,93087,299],{"class":99},[62,93089,434],{"class":95},[62,93091,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93093,128],{"class":127},[62,93095,131],{"class":95},[62,93097,348],{"class":139},[62,93099,741],{"class":95},[62,93101,93102],{"class":146},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[62,93104,93105,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,93106,128],{"class":127},[62,93108,131],{"class":95},[62,93110,8276],{"class":430},[62,93112,131],{"class":95},[62,93114,348],{"class":139},[62,93116,143],{"class":95},[62,93118,93119],{"class":146},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93121,169,93122,93124,93125,93127],{},[18,93123,36359],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,93126,93027],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[48,93129,93131],{"id":93130},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93133,93134],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[29,93136,93137,93144,93149,93152],{},[32,93138,93139,22137,93141,93143],{},[18,93140,36359],{},[3946,93142,93045],{},", not a list",[32,93145,93146,93148],{},[18,93147,93027],{}," converts that range object into a list",[32,93150,93151],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[32,93153,93154],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93156,201],{},[53,93158,93160],{"className":55,"code":93159,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,93161,93162,93177,93196,93200,93210],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93163,93164,93167,93169,93171,93173,93175],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93165,93166],{"class":68},"r ",[62,93168,73],{"class":72},[62,93170,54014],{"class":127},[62,93172,131],{"class":95},[62,93174,299],{"class":99},[62,93176,434],{"class":95},[62,93178,93179,93182,93184,93186,93188,93190,93192,93194],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93180,93181],{"class":68},"lst ",[62,93183,73],{"class":72},[62,93185,1733],{"class":430},[62,93187,131],{"class":95},[62,93189,59944],{"class":127},[62,93191,131],{"class":95},[62,93193,299],{"class":99},[62,93195,1013],{"class":95},[62,93197,93198],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,93199,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,93201,93202,93204,93206,93208],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,93203,128],{"class":127},[62,93205,131],{"class":95},[62,93207,60451],{"class":139},[62,93209,434],{"class":95},[62,93211,93212,93214,93216,93219],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,93213,128],{"class":127},[62,93215,131],{"class":95},[62,93217,93218],{"class":139},"lst",[62,93220,434],{"class":95},[14,93222,2282],{},[53,93224,93226],{"className":55,"code":93225,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93227,93228,93242],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93229,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93231,59944],{"class":127},[62,93233,131],{"class":95},[62,93235,665],{"class":99},[62,93237,103],{"class":95},[62,93239,4804],{"class":99},[62,93241,434],{"class":95},[62,93243,93244,93246,93248,93250,93252,93254,93256,93258,93260,93262,93264],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93245,948],{"class":95},[62,93247,665],{"class":99},[62,93249,103],{"class":95},[62,93251,270],{"class":99},[62,93253,103],{"class":95},[62,93255,284],{"class":99},[62,93257,103],{"class":95},[62,93259,508],{"class":99},[62,93261,103],{"class":95},[62,93263,2661],{"class":99},[62,93265,114],{"class":95},[14,93267,93268],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[53,93270,93272],{"className":55,"code":93271,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93273,93274,93292],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93275,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93277,128],{"class":127},[62,93279,131],{"class":95},[62,93281,1690],{"class":430},[62,93283,131],{"class":95},[62,93285,59944],{"class":127},[62,93287,131],{"class":95},[62,93289,299],{"class":99},[62,93291,3115],{"class":95},[62,93293,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93295,128],{"class":127},[62,93297,131],{"class":95},[62,93299,1690],{"class":430},[62,93301,131],{"class":95},[62,93303,8276],{"class":430},[62,93305,131],{"class":95},[62,93307,59944],{"class":127},[62,93309,131],{"class":95},[62,93311,299],{"class":99},[62,93313,93314],{"class":95},"))))\n",[14,93316,2282],{},[53,93318,93320],{"className":55,"code":93319,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93321,93322,93336],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93323,93324,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93325,3492],{"class":72},[62,93327,3495],{"class":2276},[62,93329,3498],{"class":76},[62,93331,59944],{"class":80},[62,93333,3503],{"class":76},[62,93335,3506],{"class":72},[62,93337,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93339,3492],{"class":72},[62,93341,3495],{"class":2276},[62,93343,3498],{"class":76},[62,93345,8276],{"class":80},[62,93347,3503],{"class":76},[62,93349,3506],{"class":72},[14,93351,93352,93353,93355,93356,409],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93354,36359],{}," works, see ",[262,93357,3779,93358,3712],{"href":93011},[18,93359,36359],{},[48,93361,3879,93363,93365],{"id":93362},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93364,36359],{}," gives you",[14,93367,93368,93370,93371,93373],{},[18,93369,36359],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93372,6154],{}," loops.",[29,93375,93376,93379,93382,93385],{},[32,93377,93378],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[32,93380,93381],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[32,93383,93384],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[32,93386,93387,93388],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93389,93390],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93392,201],{},[53,93394,93396],{"className":55,"code":93395,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93397,93398,93414],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93399,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93401,6154],{"class":729},[62,93403,69495],{"class":68},[62,93405,4082],{"class":729},[62,93407,54014],{"class":127},[62,93409,131],{"class":95},[62,93411,299],{"class":99},[62,93413,8521],{"class":95},[62,93415,93416,93418,93420,93422],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93417,754],{"class":127},[62,93419,131],{"class":95},[62,93421,645],{"class":139},[62,93423,434],{"class":95},[14,93425,2282],{},[53,93427,93429],{"className":55,"code":93428,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93430,93431,93435,93439,93443,93447],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93432,93433],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93434,47404],{"class":99},[62,93436,93437],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93438,47069],{"class":99},[62,93440,93441],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,93442,17223],{"class":99},[62,93444,93445],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,93446,46769],{"class":99},[62,93448,93449],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,93450,48802],{"class":99},[14,93452,20933,93453,93455],{},[18,93454,90801],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93457,93458,93459,93461,93462,409],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93460,36359],{}," is so common with ",[262,93463,3779,93465,90832],{"href":93464},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93466,6154],{},[14,93468,93469],{},"You can also inspect it:",[53,93471,93473],{"className":55,"code":93472,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93474,93475,93497,93501,93511,93525],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93476,93477,93479,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93478,93166],{"class":68},[62,93480,73],{"class":72},[62,93482,54014],{"class":127},[62,93484,131],{"class":95},[62,93486,1935],{"class":99},[62,93488,103],{"class":95},[62,93490,6200],{"class":99},[62,93492,103],{"class":95},[62,93494,284],{"class":99},[62,93496,434],{"class":95},[62,93498,93499],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93500,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,93502,93503,93505,93507,93509],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,93504,128],{"class":127},[62,93506,131],{"class":95},[62,93508,60451],{"class":139},[62,93510,434],{"class":95},[62,93512,93513,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,93514,128],{"class":127},[62,93516,131],{"class":95},[62,93518,134],{"class":127},[62,93520,131],{"class":95},[62,93522,60451],{"class":139},[62,93524,1013],{"class":95},[62,93526,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535,93538],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,93528,128],{"class":127},[62,93530,131],{"class":95},[62,93532,80541],{"class":99},[62,93534,21336],{"class":729},[62,93536,93537],{"class":139}," r",[62,93539,434],{"class":95},[14,93541,2282],{},[53,93543,93545],{"className":55,"code":93544,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93546,93547,93565,93569],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93548,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561,93563],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93550,59944],{"class":127},[62,93552,131],{"class":95},[62,93554,1935],{"class":99},[62,93556,103],{"class":95},[62,93558,6200],{"class":99},[62,93560,103],{"class":95},[62,93562,284],{"class":99},[62,93564,434],{"class":95},[62,93566,93567],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93568,48802],{"class":99},[62,93570,93571],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,93572,4179],{"class":1618},[48,93574,3879,93576,93365],{"id":93575},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93577,93027],{},[14,93579,93580,93582],{},[18,93581,93027],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[29,93584,93585,93588,93591,93594],{},[32,93586,93587],{},"It creates all values at once",[32,93589,93590],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[32,93592,93593],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[32,93595,93596,93597,93599],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93598,36359],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93601,201],{},[53,93603,93605],{"className":55,"code":93604,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93606,93607,93625,93629,93639],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93608,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93610,225],{"class":68},[62,93612,73],{"class":72},[62,93614,1733],{"class":430},[62,93616,131],{"class":95},[62,93618,59944],{"class":127},[62,93620,131],{"class":95},[62,93622,299],{"class":99},[62,93624,1013],{"class":95},[62,93626,93627],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93628,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,93630,93631,93633,93635,93637],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,93632,128],{"class":127},[62,93634,131],{"class":95},[62,93636,348],{"class":139},[62,93638,434],{"class":95},[62,93640,93641,93643,93645,93647,93649,93651],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,93642,128],{"class":127},[62,93644,131],{"class":95},[62,93646,348],{"class":139},[62,93648,948],{"class":95},[62,93650,1935],{"class":99},[62,93652,4088],{"class":95},[14,93654,2282],{},[53,93656,93658],{"className":55,"code":93657,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93659,93660,93684],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93661,93662,93664,93666,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93663,948],{"class":95},[62,93665,665],{"class":99},[62,93667,103],{"class":95},[62,93669,270],{"class":99},[62,93671,103],{"class":95},[62,93673,284],{"class":99},[62,93675,103],{"class":95},[62,93677,508],{"class":99},[62,93679,103],{"class":95},[62,93681,2661],{"class":99},[62,93683,114],{"class":95},[62,93685,93686],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93687,17223],{"class":99},[14,93689,93690],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93692,93693,93694,409],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[262,93695,3779,93696,3712],{"href":64794},[18,93697,24941],{},[48,93699,5160,93701],{"id":93700},"when-to-use-range",[18,93702,36359],{},[14,93704,169,93705,10772],{},[18,93706,36359],{},[29,93708,93709,93714,93717,93720],{},[32,93710,93711,93712,91561],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93713,6154],{},[32,93715,93716],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[32,93718,93719],{},"You are working with large sequences",[32,93721,93722],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93724,201],{},[53,93726,93728],{"className":55,"code":93727,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93729,93730,93750],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93731,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746,93748],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93733,6154],{"class":729},[62,93735,69495],{"class":68},[62,93737,4082],{"class":729},[62,93739,54014],{"class":127},[62,93741,131],{"class":95},[62,93743,499],{"class":99},[62,93745,103],{"class":95},[62,93747,304],{"class":99},[62,93749,8521],{"class":95},[62,93751,93752,93754,93756,93758,93761,93763,93765,93767],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93753,754],{"class":127},[62,93755,131],{"class":95},[62,93757,259],{"class":76},[62,93759,93760],{"class":80},"Count:",[62,93762,259],{"class":76},[62,93764,103],{"class":95},[62,93766,36292],{"class":139},[62,93768,434],{"class":95},[14,93770,2282],{},[53,93772,93774],{"className":55,"code":93773,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93775,93776,93785,93793,93801,93809],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93777,93778,93781,93783],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93779,93780],{"class":68},"Count",[62,93782,267],{"class":95},[62,93784,29776],{"class":99},[62,93786,93787,93789,93791],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93788,93780],{"class":68},[62,93790,267],{"class":95},[62,93792,45741],{"class":99},[62,93794,93795,93797,93799],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,93796,93780],{"class":68},[62,93798,267],{"class":95},[62,93800,2781],{"class":99},[62,93802,93803,93805,93807],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,93804,93780],{"class":68},[62,93806,267],{"class":95},[62,93808,23823],{"class":99},[62,93810,93811,93813,93815],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,93812,93780],{"class":68},[62,93814,267],{"class":95},[62,93816,35004],{"class":99},[14,93818,93819],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93821,93822,93823,93825,93826,62234,93828,409],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93824,35911],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93827,36760],{},[262,93829,36767,93831,36770],{"href":93830},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93832,35911],{},[48,93834,5160,93836],{"id":93835},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93837,93027],{},[14,93839,169,93840,10772],{},[18,93841,93027],{},[29,93843,93844,93847,93850,93853],{},[32,93845,93846],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[32,93848,93849],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[32,93851,93852],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[32,93854,93855],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93857,201],{},[53,93859,93861],{"className":55,"code":93860,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,93862,93863,93881,93895,93899],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93864,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873,93875,93877,93879],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93866,225],{"class":68},[62,93868,73],{"class":72},[62,93870,1733],{"class":430},[62,93872,131],{"class":95},[62,93874,59944],{"class":127},[62,93876,131],{"class":95},[62,93878,299],{"class":99},[62,93880,1013],{"class":95},[62,93882,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,93884,348],{"class":68},[62,93886,409],{"class":95},[62,93888,13720],{"class":139},[62,93890,131],{"class":95},[62,93892,299],{"class":99},[62,93894,434],{"class":95},[62,93896,93897],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,93898,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,93900,93901,93903,93905,93907],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,93902,128],{"class":127},[62,93904,131],{"class":95},[62,93906,348],{"class":139},[62,93908,434],{"class":95},[14,93910,2282],{},[53,93912,93914],{"className":55,"code":93913,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,93915,93916],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93917,93918,93920,93922,93924,93926,93928,93930,93932,93934,93936,93938,93940,93942],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93919,948],{"class":95},[62,93921,665],{"class":99},[62,93923,103],{"class":95},[62,93925,270],{"class":99},[62,93927,103],{"class":95},[62,93929,284],{"class":99},[62,93931,103],{"class":95},[62,93933,508],{"class":99},[62,93935,103],{"class":95},[62,93937,2661],{"class":99},[62,93939,103],{"class":95},[62,93941,4804],{"class":99},[62,93943,114],{"class":95},[14,93945,6256,93946,93948],{},[18,93947,348],{}," is a list.",[48,93950,15763],{"id":15762},[14,93952,93953,93955,93956,409],{},[18,93954,36359],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3946,93957,37759],{},[14,93959,2319],{},[29,93961,93962,93964,93969,93974,93977],{},[32,93963,22147],{},[32,93965,93966,93967],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,93968,20],{},[32,93970,93971,93972],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,93973,4082],{},[32,93975,93976],{},"You can index it",[32,93978,93979,93980,93982],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,93981,52596],{}," do not work on it",[14,93984,201],{},[53,93986,93988],{"className":55,"code":93987,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,93989,93990,94004,94008,94022,94036],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,93991,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,93993,93166],{"class":68},[62,93995,73],{"class":72},[62,93997,54014],{"class":127},[62,93999,131],{"class":95},[62,94001,299],{"class":99},[62,94003,434],{"class":95},[62,94005,94006],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94007,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,94009,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,94011,128],{"class":127},[62,94013,131],{"class":95},[62,94015,60451],{"class":139},[62,94017,948],{"class":95},[62,94019,1935],{"class":99},[62,94021,4088],{"class":95},[62,94023,94024,94026,94028,94030,94032,94034],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,94025,128],{"class":127},[62,94027,131],{"class":95},[62,94029,134],{"class":127},[62,94031,131],{"class":95},[62,94033,60451],{"class":139},[62,94035,1013],{"class":95},[62,94037,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,94039,128],{"class":127},[62,94041,131],{"class":95},[62,94043,2273],{"class":99},[62,94045,21336],{"class":729},[62,94047,93537],{"class":139},[62,94049,434],{"class":95},[14,94051,2282],{},[53,94053,94055],{"className":55,"code":94054,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,94056,94057,94061,94065],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94058,94059],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94060,17223],{"class":99},[62,94062,94063],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94064,3150],{"class":99},[62,94066,94067],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,94068,4179],{"class":1618},[14,94070,94071],{},"Now compare that with this:",[53,94073,94075],{"className":55,"code":94074,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,94076,94077,94091],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94078,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94080,93166],{"class":68},[62,94082,73],{"class":72},[62,94084,54014],{"class":127},[62,94086,131],{"class":95},[62,94088,299],{"class":99},[62,94090,434],{"class":95},[62,94092,94093,94095,94097,94099,94101,94103],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94094,60451],{"class":68},[62,94096,409],{"class":95},[62,94098,13720],{"class":139},[62,94100,131],{"class":95},[62,94102,299],{"class":99},[62,94104,434],{"class":95},[14,94106,2282],{},[53,94108,94110],{"className":55,"code":94109,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,94111,94112],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94113,94114,94116,94118,94120,94122,94124,94126,94129,94131,94133],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94115,25832],{"class":430},[62,94117,267],{"class":95},[62,94119,3498],{"class":76},[62,94121,59944],{"class":80},[62,94123,3503],{"class":76},[62,94125,24777],{"class":430},[62,94127,94128],{"class":68}," has no attribute ",[62,94130,3503],{"class":76},[62,94132,13720],{"class":80},[62,94134,29861],{"class":76},[14,94136,94137,94138,399,94140,2398,94142,94144],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,94139,52596],{},[18,94141,55473],{},[18,94143,64258],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94146,94147,94148,409],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[262,94149,25840,94150],{"href":35581},[18,94151,34418],{},[48,94153,94155],{"id":94154},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94157,94158],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[53,94160,94161],{"className":55,"code":92637,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,94162,94163],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94164,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94166,128],{"class":127},[62,94168,131],{"class":95},[62,94170,59944],{"class":127},[62,94172,131],{"class":95},[62,94174,299],{"class":99},[62,94176,1013],{"class":95},[14,94178,94179],{},"to show:",[53,94181,94182],{"className":55,"code":59967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,94183,94184],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94185,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200,94202,94204,94206],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94187,948],{"class":95},[62,94189,665],{"class":99},[62,94191,103],{"class":95},[62,94193,270],{"class":99},[62,94195,103],{"class":95},[62,94197,284],{"class":99},[62,94199,103],{"class":95},[62,94201,508],{"class":99},[62,94203,103],{"class":95},[62,94205,2661],{"class":99},[62,94207,114],{"class":95},[14,94209,94210],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[53,94212,94213],{"className":55,"code":92658,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,94214,94215],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94216,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94218,59944],{"class":127},[62,94220,131],{"class":95},[62,94222,665],{"class":99},[62,94224,103],{"class":95},[62,94226,4804],{"class":99},[62,94228,434],{"class":95},[14,94230,4827,94231,94233],{},[3946,94232,4830],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94235,94236,94237,94239],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3946,94238,93045],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94241,94242],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[53,94244,94245],{"className":55,"code":90994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,94246,94247],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94248,94249,94251,94253,94255,94257,94259,94261,94263],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94250,128],{"class":127},[62,94252,131],{"class":95},[62,94254,8276],{"class":430},[62,94256,131],{"class":95},[62,94258,59944],{"class":127},[62,94260,131],{"class":95},[62,94262,299],{"class":99},[62,94264,3115],{"class":95},[14,94266,2282],{},[53,94268,94269],{"className":55,"code":59967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,94270,94271],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94272,94273,94275,94277,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94274,948],{"class":95},[62,94276,665],{"class":99},[62,94278,103],{"class":95},[62,94280,270],{"class":99},[62,94282,103],{"class":95},[62,94284,284],{"class":99},[62,94286,103],{"class":95},[62,94288,508],{"class":99},[62,94290,103],{"class":95},[62,94292,2661],{"class":99},[62,94294,114],{"class":95},[48,94296,1824],{"id":1823},[14,94298,94299],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[29,94301,94302,94308,94311,94317],{},[32,94303,1834,94304,94307],{},[18,94305,94306],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[32,94309,94310],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[32,94312,94313,94314,94316],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94315,36359],{}," is iterable but not a list",[32,94318,1834,94319,94321,94322,94324],{},[18,94320,93027],{}," when plain ",[18,94323,36359],{}," would be simpler",[14,94326,94327],{},"These quick checks can help:",[53,94329,94331],{"className":55,"code":94330,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94332,94333,94347,94365,94383,94405,94423],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94334,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343,94345],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94336,128],{"class":127},[62,94338,131],{"class":95},[62,94340,59944],{"class":127},[62,94342,131],{"class":95},[62,94344,299],{"class":99},[62,94346,1013],{"class":95},[62,94348,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357,94359,94361,94363],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94350,128],{"class":127},[62,94352,131],{"class":95},[62,94354,8276],{"class":430},[62,94356,131],{"class":95},[62,94358,59944],{"class":127},[62,94360,131],{"class":95},[62,94362,299],{"class":99},[62,94364,3115],{"class":95},[62,94366,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377,94379,94381],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,94368,128],{"class":127},[62,94370,131],{"class":95},[62,94372,1690],{"class":430},[62,94374,131],{"class":95},[62,94376,59944],{"class":127},[62,94378,131],{"class":95},[62,94380,299],{"class":99},[62,94382,3115],{"class":95},[62,94384,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401,94403],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,94386,128],{"class":127},[62,94388,131],{"class":95},[62,94390,1690],{"class":430},[62,94392,131],{"class":95},[62,94394,8276],{"class":430},[62,94396,131],{"class":95},[62,94398,59944],{"class":127},[62,94400,131],{"class":95},[62,94402,299],{"class":99},[62,94404,93314],{"class":95},[62,94406,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,94408,128],{"class":127},[62,94410,131],{"class":95},[62,94412,2273],{"class":99},[62,94414,21336],{"class":729},[62,94416,54014],{"class":127},[62,94418,131],{"class":95},[62,94420,299],{"class":99},[62,94422,1013],{"class":95},[62,94424,94425,94427,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,94426,128],{"class":127},[62,94428,131],{"class":95},[62,94430,134],{"class":127},[62,94432,131],{"class":95},[62,94434,59944],{"class":127},[62,94436,131],{"class":95},[62,94438,299],{"class":99},[62,94440,3115],{"class":95},[14,94442,2282],{},[53,94444,94446],{"className":55,"code":94445,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94447,94448,94462,94486,94500,94514,94518],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94449,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94451,59944],{"class":127},[62,94453,131],{"class":95},[62,94455,665],{"class":99},[62,94457,103],{"class":95},[62,94459,4804],{"class":99},[62,94461,434],{"class":95},[62,94463,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94474,94476,94478,94480,94482,94484],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94465,948],{"class":95},[62,94467,665],{"class":99},[62,94469,103],{"class":95},[62,94471,270],{"class":99},[62,94473,103],{"class":95},[62,94475,284],{"class":99},[62,94477,103],{"class":95},[62,94479,508],{"class":99},[62,94481,103],{"class":95},[62,94483,2661],{"class":99},[62,94485,114],{"class":95},[62,94487,94488,94490,94492,94494,94496,94498],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,94489,3492],{"class":72},[62,94491,3495],{"class":2276},[62,94493,3498],{"class":76},[62,94495,59944],{"class":80},[62,94497,3503],{"class":76},[62,94499,3506],{"class":72},[62,94501,94502,94504,94506,94508,94510,94512],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,94503,3492],{"class":72},[62,94505,3495],{"class":2276},[62,94507,3498],{"class":76},[62,94509,8276],{"class":80},[62,94511,3503],{"class":76},[62,94513,3506],{"class":72},[62,94515,94516],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,94517,4179],{"class":1618},[62,94519,94520],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,94521,3150],{"class":99},[48,94523,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,94525,15070,94527,94529],{"id":94526},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94528,36359],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94531,46517,94532,94534],{},[18,94533,36359],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1256,94536,94538,94539,11264,94541,632],{"id":94537},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94540,36359],{},[18,94542,93027],{},[14,94544,94545,94547,94548,94550],{},[18,94546,36359],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94549,93027],{}," creates a full list.",[1256,94552,94554],{"id":94553},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94556,94557],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94559,201],{},[53,94561,94563],{"className":55,"code":94562,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94564,94565,94579],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94566,94567,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94568,93166],{"class":68},[62,94570,73],{"class":72},[62,94572,54014],{"class":127},[62,94574,131],{"class":95},[62,94576,299],{"class":99},[62,94578,434],{"class":95},[62,94580,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94582,128],{"class":127},[62,94584,131],{"class":95},[62,94586,60451],{"class":139},[62,94588,948],{"class":95},[62,94590,499],{"class":99},[62,94592,4088],{"class":95},[14,94594,2282],{},[53,94596,94597],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,94598,94599],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94600,94601],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94602,47069],{"class":99},[1256,94604,5356,94606,94608],{"id":94605},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94607,94306],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94610,94611,94612,94615],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94613,94614],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1256,94617,94619,94620,94622],{"id":94618},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94621,36359],{}," to a list?",[14,94624,94625],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[48,94627,2109],{"id":2108},[29,94629,94630,94636,94642,94649,94655],{},[32,94631,94632],{},[262,94633,3779,94634,3712],{"href":93011},[18,94635,36359],{},[32,94637,94638],{},[262,94639,3779,94640,3712],{"href":64794},[18,94641,24941],{},[32,94643,94644],{},[262,94645,3779,94646,94648],{"href":93464},[18,94647,6154],{}," loops explained",[32,94650,94651],{},[262,94652,37681,94653,36770],{"href":93830},[18,94654,35911],{},[32,94656,94657],{},[262,94658,26283,94659],{"href":35581},[18,94660,34418],{},[2145,94662,94663],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":94665},[94666,94667,94668,94670,94672,94674,94676,94677,94678,94679,94690],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":93130,"depth":87,"text":93131},{"id":93362,"depth":87,"text":94669},"What range() gives you",{"id":93575,"depth":87,"text":94671},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93700,"depth":87,"text":94673},"When to use range()",{"id":93835,"depth":87,"text":94675},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15762,"depth":87,"text":15763},{"id":94154,"depth":87,"text":94155},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":94680},[94681,94683,94685,94686,94688],{"id":94526,"depth":117,"text":94682},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94537,"depth":117,"text":94684},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94553,"depth":117,"text":94554},{"id":94605,"depth":117,"text":94687},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94618,"depth":117,"text":94689},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93017,"description":94691},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94698,"title":94699,"body":94700,"description":96136,"extension":2174,"meta":96137,"navigation":120,"path":96138,"seo":96139,"stem":96140,"__hash__":96141},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94701,"toc":96102},[94702,94708,94713,94716,94730,94733,94735,94774,94776,94789,94797,94802,94818,94821,94823,94825,94846,94863,94866,94925,94927,94946,94951,94957,94960,94994,94996,95009,95012,95057,95059,95082,95089,95095,95098,95139,95141,95155,95158,95216,95218,95233,95246,95252,95258,95323,95325,95344,95346,95364,95367,95371,95377,95379,95412,95414,95427,95437,95440,95501,95503,95524,95527,95529,95545,95550,95554,95559,95564,95620,95622,95640,95643,95688,95690,95698,95703,95707,95721,95723,95755,95757,95766,95768,95772,95781,95784,95816,95818,95830,95833,95837,95842,95883,95885,95893,95896,95919,95923,95925,95934,95937,95990,95992,96001,96005,96010,96021,96023,96032,96035,96041,96044,96050,96060,96068,96075,96077,96099],[10,94703,3779,94705,3783],{"id":94704},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94706,94707],{},"round()",[14,94709,16,94710,94712],{},[18,94711,94707],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94714,94715],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[29,94717,94718,94724],{},[32,94719,94720,94723],{},[18,94721,94722],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[32,94725,94726,94729],{},[18,94727,94728],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94731,94732],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[48,94734,51],{"id":50},[53,94736,94738],{"className":55,"code":94737,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94739,94740,94756],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94741,94742,94744,94746,94749,94751,94754],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94743,128],{"class":127},[62,94745,131],{"class":95},[62,94747,94748],{"class":127},"round",[62,94750,131],{"class":95},[62,94752,94753],{"class":99},"3.14159",[62,94755,1013],{"class":95},[62,94757,94758,94760,94762,94764,94766,94768,94770,94772],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94759,128],{"class":127},[62,94761,131],{"class":95},[62,94763,94748],{"class":127},[62,94765,131],{"class":95},[62,94767,94753],{"class":99},[62,94769,103],{"class":95},[62,94771,284],{"class":99},[62,94773,1013],{"class":95},[14,94775,2282],{},[53,94777,94779],{"className":55,"code":94778,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94780,94781,94785],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94782,94783],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94784,46769],{"class":99},[62,94786,94787],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94788,40330],{"class":99},[14,94790,169,94791,94793,94794,94796],{},[18,94792,94722],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94795,94728],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[48,94798,3879,94800,3882],{"id":94799},"what-round-does",[18,94801,94707],{},[29,94803,94804,94809,94812,94815],{},[32,94805,94806,94808],{},[18,94807,94707],{}," is a built-in Python function",[32,94810,94811],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[32,94813,94814],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[32,94816,94817],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94819,94820],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[48,94822,413],{"id":412},[14,94824,416],{},[53,94826,94828],{"className":55,"code":94827,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94829,94830],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94831,94832,94834,94836,94838,94841,94844],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94833,94748],{"class":127},[62,94835,131],{"class":95},[62,94837,2445],{"class":139},[62,94839,94840],{"class":95},"[,",[62,94842,94843],{"class":139}," ndigits",[62,94845,4088],{"class":95},[29,94847,94848,94853,94858],{},[32,94849,94850,94852],{},[18,94851,2445],{}," is the value to round",[32,94854,94855,20202],{},[18,94856,94857],{},"ndigits",[32,94859,94860,94862],{},[18,94861,94857],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94864,94865],{},"Basic examples:",[53,94867,94869],{"className":55,"code":94868,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,94870,94871,94886,94904],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94872,94873,94875,94877,94879,94881,94884],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94874,128],{"class":127},[62,94876,131],{"class":95},[62,94878,94748],{"class":127},[62,94880,131],{"class":95},[62,94882,94883],{"class":99},"7.8",[62,94885,1013],{"class":95},[62,94887,94888,94890,94892,94894,94896,94898,94900,94902],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94889,128],{"class":127},[62,94891,131],{"class":95},[62,94893,94748],{"class":127},[62,94895,131],{"class":95},[62,94897,94883],{"class":99},[62,94899,103],{"class":95},[62,94901,270],{"class":99},[62,94903,1013],{"class":95},[62,94905,94906,94908,94910,94912,94914,94917,94919,94921,94923],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,94907,128],{"class":127},[62,94909,131],{"class":95},[62,94911,94748],{"class":127},[62,94913,131],{"class":95},[62,94915,94916],{"class":99},"1234",[62,94918,103],{"class":95},[62,94920,2427],{"class":72},[62,94922,1935],{"class":99},[62,94924,1013],{"class":95},[14,94926,2282],{},[53,94928,94930],{"className":55,"code":94929,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,94931,94932,94936,94941],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94933,94934],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94935,2586],{"class":99},[62,94937,94938],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94939,94940],{"class":99},"7.8\n",[62,94942,94943],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,94944,94945],{"class":99},"1200\n",[14,94947,94948,94949,409],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[262,94950,2625],{"href":2624},[48,94952,1834,94954,94956],{"id":94953},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,94955,94707],{}," with one argument",[14,94958,94959],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[53,94961,94963],{"className":55,"code":94962,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,94964,94965,94979],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,94966,94967,94969,94971,94973,94975,94977],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,94968,128],{"class":127},[62,94970,131],{"class":95},[62,94972,94748],{"class":127},[62,94974,131],{"class":95},[62,94976,2567],{"class":99},[62,94978,1013],{"class":95},[62,94980,94981,94983,94985,94987,94989,94992],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,94982,128],{"class":127},[62,94984,131],{"class":95},[62,94986,94748],{"class":127},[62,94988,131],{"class":95},[62,94990,94991],{"class":99},"4.8",[62,94993,1013],{"class":95},[14,94995,2282],{},[53,94997,94999],{"className":55,"code":94998,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"4\n5\n",[18,95000,95001,95005],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95002,95003],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95004,48802],{"class":99},[62,95006,95007],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95008,3150],{"class":99},[14,95010,95011],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[53,95013,95015],{"className":55,"code":95014,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,95016,95017,95033,95043],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95018,95019,95021,95023,95026,95028,95031],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95020,2435],{"class":68},[62,95022,73],{"class":72},[62,95024,95025],{"class":127}," round",[62,95027,131],{"class":95},[62,95029,95030],{"class":99},"10.2",[62,95032,434],{"class":95},[62,95034,95035,95037,95039,95041],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95036,128],{"class":127},[62,95038,131],{"class":95},[62,95040,2470],{"class":139},[62,95042,434],{"class":95},[62,95044,95045,95047,95049,95051,95053,95055],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95046,128],{"class":127},[62,95048,131],{"class":95},[62,95050,1690],{"class":430},[62,95052,131],{"class":95},[62,95054,2470],{"class":139},[62,95056,1013],{"class":95},[14,95058,2282],{},[53,95060,95062],{"className":55,"code":95061,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,95063,95064,95068],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95065,95066],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95067,2581],{"class":99},[62,95069,95070,95072,95074,95076,95078,95080],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95071,3492],{"class":72},[62,95073,3495],{"class":2276},[62,95075,3498],{"class":76},[62,95077,2021],{"class":80},[62,95079,3503],{"class":76},[62,95081,3506],{"class":72},[14,95083,95084,95085,409],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[262,95086,3779,95087,3712],{"href":3078},[18,95088,3081],{},[48,95090,1834,95092,95094],{"id":95091},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,95093,94707],{}," with decimal places",[14,95096,95097],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[53,95099,95101],{"className":55,"code":95100,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,95102,95103,95121],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95104,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95106,128],{"class":127},[62,95108,131],{"class":95},[62,95110,94748],{"class":127},[62,95112,131],{"class":95},[62,95114,94753],{"class":99},[62,95116,103],{"class":95},[62,95118,284],{"class":99},[62,95120,1013],{"class":95},[62,95122,95123,95125,95127,95129,95131,95133,95135,95137],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95124,128],{"class":127},[62,95126,131],{"class":95},[62,95128,94748],{"class":127},[62,95130,131],{"class":95},[62,95132,94753],{"class":99},[62,95134,103],{"class":95},[62,95136,508],{"class":99},[62,95138,1013],{"class":95},[14,95140,2282],{},[53,95142,95144],{"className":55,"code":95143,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,95145,95146,95150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95147,95148],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95149,40330],{"class":99},[62,95151,95152],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95153,95154],{"class":99},"3.142\n",[14,95156,95157],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[53,95159,95161],{"className":55,"code":95160,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,95162,95163,95172,95191,95195,95205],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95164,95165,95167,95169],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95166,40540],{"class":68},[62,95168,73],{"class":72},[62,95170,95171],{"class":99}," 19.9876\n",[62,95173,95174,95177,95179,95181,95183,95185,95187,95189],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95175,95176],{"class":68},"rounded_price ",[62,95178,73],{"class":72},[62,95180,95025],{"class":127},[62,95182,131],{"class":95},[62,95184,25310],{"class":139},[62,95186,103],{"class":95},[62,95188,284],{"class":99},[62,95190,434],{"class":95},[62,95192,95193],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95194,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,95196,95197,95199,95201,95203],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,95198,128],{"class":127},[62,95200,131],{"class":95},[62,95202,25310],{"class":139},[62,95204,434],{"class":95},[62,95206,95207,95209,95211,95214],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,95208,128],{"class":127},[62,95210,131],{"class":95},[62,95212,95213],{"class":139},"rounded_price",[62,95215,434],{"class":95},[14,95217,2282],{},[53,95219,95221],{"className":55,"code":95220,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95222,95223,95228],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95224,95225],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95226,95227],{"class":99},"19.9876\n",[62,95229,95230],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95231,95232],{"class":99},"19.99\n",[14,95234,95235,95236,95239,95240,2022,95242,409],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95237,95238],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[262,95241,41045],{"href":41044},[262,95243,3779,95244,3712],{"href":3084},[18,95245,3087],{},[48,95247,95249,95250],{"id":95248},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95251,94857],{},[14,95253,95254,95255,95257],{},"A negative ",[18,95256,94857],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[53,95259,95261],{"className":55,"code":95260,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95262,95263,95283,95303],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95264,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95266,128],{"class":127},[62,95268,131],{"class":95},[62,95270,94748],{"class":127},[62,95272,131],{"class":95},[62,95274,94916],{"class":99},[62,95276,103],{"class":95},[62,95278,2427],{"class":72},[62,95280,499],{"class":99},[62,95282,1013],{"class":95},[62,95284,95285,95287,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95286,128],{"class":127},[62,95288,131],{"class":95},[62,95290,94748],{"class":127},[62,95292,131],{"class":95},[62,95294,94916],{"class":99},[62,95296,103],{"class":95},[62,95298,2427],{"class":72},[62,95300,1935],{"class":99},[62,95302,1013],{"class":95},[62,95304,95305,95307,95309,95311,95313,95315,95317,95319,95321],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95306,128],{"class":127},[62,95308,131],{"class":95},[62,95310,94748],{"class":127},[62,95312,131],{"class":95},[62,95314,94916],{"class":99},[62,95316,103],{"class":95},[62,95318,2427],{"class":72},[62,95320,2273],{"class":99},[62,95322,1013],{"class":95},[14,95324,2282],{},[53,95326,95328],{"className":55,"code":95327,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95329,95330,95335,95339],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95331,95332],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95333,95334],{"class":99},"1230\n",[62,95336,95337],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95338,94945],{"class":99},[62,95340,95341],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95342,95343],{"class":99},"1000\n",[14,95345,65531],{},[29,95347,95348,95353,95359],{},[32,95349,95350,95352],{},[18,95351,65801],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[32,95354,95355,95358],{},[18,95356,95357],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[32,95360,95361,95363],{},[18,95362,47823],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95365,95366],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[48,95368,95370],{"id":95369},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95372,95373,95374,409],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95375,95376],{},".5",[14,95378,5670],{},[53,95380,95382],{"className":55,"code":95381,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95383,95384,95398],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95385,95386,95388,95390,95392,95394,95396],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95387,128],{"class":127},[62,95389,131],{"class":95},[62,95391,94748],{"class":127},[62,95393,131],{"class":95},[62,95395,41310],{"class":99},[62,95397,1013],{"class":95},[62,95399,95400,95402,95404,95406,95408,95410],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95401,128],{"class":127},[62,95403,131],{"class":95},[62,95405,94748],{"class":127},[62,95407,131],{"class":95},[62,95409,2251],{"class":99},[62,95411,1013],{"class":95},[14,95413,2282],{},[53,95415,95417],{"className":55,"code":95416,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"2\n4\n",[18,95418,95419,95423],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95420,95421],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95422,17223],{"class":99},[62,95424,95425],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95426,48802],{"class":99},[14,95428,95429,95430,95433,95434,95436],{},"Python uses ",[3946,95431,95432],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95435,95376],{}," situations.",[14,95438,95439],{},"More examples:",[53,95441,95443],{"className":55,"code":95442,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95444,95445,95459,95473,95487],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95446,95447,95449,95451,95453,95455,95457],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95448,128],{"class":127},[62,95450,131],{"class":95},[62,95452,94748],{"class":127},[62,95454,131],{"class":95},[62,95456,41323],{"class":99},[62,95458,1013],{"class":95},[62,95460,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95462,128],{"class":127},[62,95464,131],{"class":95},[62,95466,94748],{"class":127},[62,95468,131],{"class":95},[62,95470,41310],{"class":99},[62,95472,1013],{"class":95},[62,95474,95475,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95476,128],{"class":127},[62,95478,131],{"class":95},[62,95480,94748],{"class":127},[62,95482,131],{"class":95},[62,95484,2251],{"class":99},[62,95486,1013],{"class":95},[62,95488,95489,95491,95493,95495,95497,95499],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,95490,128],{"class":127},[62,95492,131],{"class":95},[62,95494,94748],{"class":127},[62,95496,131],{"class":95},[62,95498,41275],{"class":99},[62,95500,1013],{"class":95},[14,95502,2282],{},[53,95504,95506],{"className":55,"code":95505,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95507,95508,95512,95516,95520],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95509,95510],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95511,17223],{"class":99},[62,95513,95514],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95515,17223],{"class":99},[62,95517,95518],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95519,48802],{"class":99},[62,95521,95522],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,95523,48802],{"class":99},[14,95525,95526],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95528,10884],{},[29,95530,95531,95538],{},[32,95532,95533,2345,95536],{},[18,95534,95535],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95537,1935],{},[32,95539,95540,2345,95543],{},[18,95541,95542],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95544,2708],{},[14,95546,3371,95547,95549],{},[18,95548,95376],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[48,95551,95553],{"id":95552},"return-values","Return values",[14,95555,95556,95558],{},[18,95557,94707],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95560,41059,95561,95563],{},[3946,95562,4830],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[53,95565,95567],{"className":55,"code":95566,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95568,95569,95578,95582,95592,95610],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95570,95571,95573,95575],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95572,1613],{"class":68},[62,95574,73],{"class":72},[62,95576,95577],{"class":99}," 3.14159\n",[62,95579,95580],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95581,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,95583,95584,95586,95588,95590],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95585,128],{"class":127},[62,95587,131],{"class":95},[62,95589,1632],{"class":139},[62,95591,434],{"class":95},[62,95593,95594,95596,95598,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,95595,128],{"class":127},[62,95597,131],{"class":95},[62,95599,94748],{"class":127},[62,95601,131],{"class":95},[62,95603,1632],{"class":139},[62,95605,103],{"class":95},[62,95607,284],{"class":99},[62,95609,1013],{"class":95},[62,95611,95612,95614,95616,95618],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,95613,128],{"class":127},[62,95615,131],{"class":95},[62,95617,1632],{"class":139},[62,95619,434],{"class":95},[14,95621,2282],{},[53,95623,95625],{"className":55,"code":95624,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95626,95627,95632,95636],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95628,95629],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95630,95631],{"class":99},"3.14159\n",[62,95633,95634],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95635,40330],{"class":99},[62,95637,95638],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95639,95631],{"class":99},[14,95641,95642],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[53,95644,95646],{"className":55,"code":95645,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95647,95648,95656,95674,95678],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95649,95650,95652,95654],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95651,1613],{"class":68},[62,95653,73],{"class":72},[62,95655,95577],{"class":99},[62,95657,95658,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668,95670,95672],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95659,1613],{"class":68},[62,95661,73],{"class":72},[62,95663,95025],{"class":127},[62,95665,131],{"class":95},[62,95667,1632],{"class":139},[62,95669,103],{"class":95},[62,95671,284],{"class":99},[62,95673,434],{"class":95},[62,95675,95676],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95677,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,95679,95680,95682,95684,95686],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,95681,128],{"class":127},[62,95683,131],{"class":95},[62,95685,1632],{"class":139},[62,95687,434],{"class":95},[14,95689,2282],{},[53,95691,95692],{"className":55,"code":40330,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,95693,95694],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95695,95696],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95697,40330],{"class":99},[48,95699,5160,95701],{"id":95700},"when-to-use-round",[18,95702,94707],{},[14,95704,169,95705,6513],{},[18,95706,94707],{},[29,95708,95709,95712,95715,95718],{},[32,95710,95711],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[32,95713,95714],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[32,95716,95717],{},"Round values before reporting results",[32,95719,95720],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95722,5670],{},[53,95724,95726],{"className":55,"code":95725,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95727,95728,95737],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95729,95730,95732,95734],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95731,2800],{"class":68},[62,95733,73],{"class":72},[62,95735,95736],{"class":99}," 12.67891\n",[62,95738,95739,95741,95743,95745,95747,95749,95751,95753],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95740,128],{"class":127},[62,95742,131],{"class":95},[62,95744,94748],{"class":127},[62,95746,131],{"class":95},[62,95748,2823],{"class":139},[62,95750,103],{"class":95},[62,95752,284],{"class":99},[62,95754,1013],{"class":95},[14,95756,2282],{},[53,95758,95760],{"className":55,"code":95759,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"12.68\n",[18,95761,95762],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95763,95764],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95765,95759],{"class":99},[48,95767,1824],{"id":1823},[14,95769,1827,95770,409],{},[18,95771,94707],{},[1256,95773,8631,95775,95777,95778,95780],{"id":95774},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95776,94707],{}," to always round ",[18,95779,95376],{}," upward",[14,95782,95783],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[53,95785,95786],{"className":55,"code":95381,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,95787,95788,95802],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95789,95790,95792,95794,95796,95798,95800],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95791,128],{"class":127},[62,95793,131],{"class":95},[62,95795,94748],{"class":127},[62,95797,131],{"class":95},[62,95799,41310],{"class":99},[62,95801,1013],{"class":95},[62,95803,95804,95806,95808,95810,95812,95814],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95805,128],{"class":127},[62,95807,131],{"class":95},[62,95809,94748],{"class":127},[62,95811,131],{"class":95},[62,95813,2251],{"class":99},[62,95815,1013],{"class":95},[14,95817,2282],{},[53,95819,95820],{"className":55,"code":95416,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,95821,95822,95826],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95823,95824],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95825,17223],{"class":99},[62,95827,95828],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95829,48802],{"class":99},[14,95831,95832],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1256,95834,95836],{"id":95835},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95838,95839,95841],{},[18,95840,94707],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[53,95843,95845],{"className":55,"code":95844,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95846,95847,95855,95869,95873],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95848,95849,95851,95853],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95850,1613],{"class":68},[62,95852,73],{"class":72},[62,95854,95577],{"class":99},[62,95856,95857,95859,95861,95863,95865,95867],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95858,94748],{"class":127},[62,95860,131],{"class":95},[62,95862,1632],{"class":139},[62,95864,103],{"class":95},[62,95866,284],{"class":99},[62,95868,434],{"class":95},[62,95870,95871],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95872,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,95874,95875,95877,95879,95881],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,95876,128],{"class":127},[62,95878,131],{"class":95},[62,95880,1632],{"class":139},[62,95882,434],{"class":95},[14,95884,2282],{},[53,95886,95887],{"className":55,"code":95631,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,95888,95889],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95890,95891],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95892,95631],{"class":99},[14,95894,95895],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[53,95897,95899],{"className":55,"code":95898,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,95900,95901],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95902,95903,95905,95907,95909,95911,95913,95915,95917],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95904,1613],{"class":68},[62,95906,73],{"class":72},[62,95908,95025],{"class":127},[62,95910,131],{"class":95},[62,95912,1632],{"class":139},[62,95914,103],{"class":95},[62,95916,284],{"class":99},[62,95918,434],{"class":95},[1256,95920,95922],{"id":95921},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95924,16567],{},[53,95926,95928],{"className":55,"code":95927,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,95929,95930],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95931,95932],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95933,95927],{"class":146},[14,95935,95936],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[53,95938,95940],{"className":55,"code":95939,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,95941,95942,95954,95968,95972],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95943,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,95945,69],{"class":68},[62,95947,73],{"class":72},[62,95949,77],{"class":76},[62,95951,1596],{"class":80},[62,95953,84],{"class":76},[62,95955,95956,95958,95960,95962,95964,95966],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,95957,2422],{"class":68},[62,95959,73],{"class":72},[62,95961,40408],{"class":430},[62,95963,131],{"class":95},[62,95965,140],{"class":139},[62,95967,434],{"class":95},[62,95969,95970],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,95971,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,95973,95974,95976,95978,95980,95982,95984,95986,95988],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,95975,128],{"class":127},[62,95977,131],{"class":95},[62,95979,94748],{"class":127},[62,95981,131],{"class":95},[62,95983,2445],{"class":139},[62,95985,103],{"class":95},[62,95987,270],{"class":99},[62,95989,1013],{"class":95},[14,95991,2282],{},[53,95993,95995],{"className":55,"code":95994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3.1\n",[18,95996,95997],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,95998,95999],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96000,95994],{"class":99},[1256,96002,96004],{"id":96003},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96006,96007,96009],{},[18,96008,94707],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96011,96012,96013,2022,96017,409],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[262,96014,96015],{"href":3084},[18,96016,3087],{},[262,96018,96019],{"href":3078},[18,96020,3081],{},[48,96022,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,96024,12875,96026,96028,96029,96031],{"id":96025},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,96027,94707],{}," always round ",[18,96030,40367],{}," up?",[14,96033,96034],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1256,96036,12875,96038,96040],{"id":96037},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,96039,94707],{}," change the original number?",[14,96042,96043],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1256,96045,5368,96047,96049],{"id":96046},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,96048,94707],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96051,96052,96053,96055,96056,2022,96058,409],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,96054,94857],{}," value like ",[18,96057,65801],{},[18,96059,95357],{},[1256,96061,28489,96063,96065,96066,632],{"id":96062},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,96064,94707],{}," on a string like ",[18,96067,48247],{},[14,96069,96070,96071,2022,96073,409],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,96072,3087],{},[18,96074,3081],{},[48,96076,2109],{"id":2108},[29,96078,96079,96085,96091,96095],{},[32,96080,96081],{},[262,96082,3779,96083,3712],{"href":3084},[18,96084,3087],{},[32,96086,96087],{},[262,96088,3779,96089,3712],{"href":3078},[18,96090,3081],{},[32,96092,96093],{},[262,96094,2625],{"href":2624},[32,96096,96097],{},[262,96098,42333],{"href":41044},[2145,96100,96101],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":96103},[96104,96105,96107,96108,96110,96112,96114,96115,96116,96118,96125,96135],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":94799,"depth":87,"text":96106},"What round() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":94953,"depth":87,"text":96109},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95091,"depth":87,"text":96111},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95248,"depth":87,"text":96113},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95369,"depth":87,"text":95370},{"id":95552,"depth":87,"text":95553},{"id":95700,"depth":87,"text":96117},"When to use round()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":96119},[96120,96122,96123,96124],{"id":95774,"depth":117,"text":96121},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95835,"depth":117,"text":95836},{"id":95921,"depth":117,"text":95922},{"id":96003,"depth":117,"text":96004},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":96126},[96127,96129,96131,96133],{"id":96025,"depth":117,"text":96128},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96037,"depth":117,"text":96130},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96046,"depth":117,"text":96132},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96062,"depth":117,"text":96134},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94699,"description":96136},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96143,"title":96144,"body":96145,"description":97330,"extension":2174,"meta":97331,"navigation":120,"path":97332,"seo":97333,"stem":97334,"__hash__":97335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96146,"toc":97304},[96147,96154,96160,96163,96165,96214,96218,96243,96248,96253,96258,96272,96283,96285,96304,96306,96322,96325,96336,96338,96340,96401,96405,96438,96445,96452,96455,96488,96491,96495,96498,96551,96555,96576,96582,96589,96596,96657,96665,96742,96746,96758,96767,96769,96775,96781,96785,96838,96841,96899,96903,96911,96914,96918,96921,96931,96933,97030,97033,97044,97047,97090,97094,97118,97121,97127,97129,97133,97158,97160,97227,97236,97238,97244,97249,97253,97256,97260,97267,97271,97276,97278,97295,97301],[10,96148,96150,96151,11494],{"id":96149},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,96152,96153],{},"add()",[14,96155,96156,96159],{},[18,96157,96158],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96161,96162],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[48,96164,51],{"id":50},[53,96166,96168],{"className":55,"code":96167,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96169,96170,96190,96204],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96171,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96173,225],{"class":68},[62,96175,73],{"class":72},[62,96177,256],{"class":95},[62,96179,499],{"class":99},[62,96181,103],{"class":95},[62,96183,284],{"class":99},[62,96185,103],{"class":95},[62,96187,508],{"class":99},[62,96189,287],{"class":95},[62,96191,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,96193,348],{"class":68},[62,96195,409],{"class":95},[62,96197,82053],{"class":139},[62,96199,131],{"class":95},[62,96201,2708],{"class":99},[62,96203,434],{"class":95},[62,96205,96206,96208,96210,96212],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,96207,128],{"class":127},[62,96209,131],{"class":95},[62,96211,348],{"class":139},[62,96213,434],{"class":95},[14,96215,96216],{},[3946,96217,2282],{},[53,96219,96221],{"className":55,"code":96220,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96222,96223],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96224,96225,96227,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96226,9452],{"class":95},[62,96228,499],{"class":99},[62,96230,103],{"class":95},[62,96232,284],{"class":99},[62,96234,103],{"class":95},[62,96236,508],{"class":99},[62,96238,103],{"class":95},[62,96240,2661],{"class":99},[62,96242,287],{"class":95},[14,96244,169,96245,96247],{},[18,96246,96153],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[48,96249,3879,96251,3882],{"id":96250},"what-setadd-does",[18,96252,96158],{},[14,96254,96255,96257],{},[18,96256,96158],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[29,96259,96260,96263,96266,96269],{},[32,96261,96262],{},"Adds one item to a set",[32,96264,96265],{},"Changes the original set in place",[32,96267,96268],{},"Does not return a new set",[32,96270,96271],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96273,96274,96275,2022,96279,409],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[262,96276,96278],{"href":96277},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[262,96280,96282],{"href":96281},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[48,96284,413],{"id":412},[53,96286,96288],{"className":55,"code":96287,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96289,96290],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96291,96292,96294,96296,96298,96300,96302],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96293,15833],{"class":68},[62,96295,409],{"class":95},[62,96297,82053],{"class":139},[62,96299,131],{"class":95},[62,96301,23470],{"class":139},[62,96303,434],{"class":95},[14,96305,11631],{},[29,96307,96308,96313,96316],{},[32,96309,55853,96310,96312],{},[18,96311,96153],{}," on an existing set",[32,96314,96315],{},"Pass exactly one item",[32,96317,96318,96319],{},"The item must be ",[3946,96320,96321],{},"hashable",[14,96323,96324],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[29,96326,96327,96329,96331,96334],{},[32,96328,56406],{},[32,96330,56409],{},[32,96332,96333],{},"Tuples",[32,96335,40748],{},[48,96337,11648],{"id":11647},[14,96339,11651],{},[53,96341,96343],{"className":55,"code":96342,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96344,96345,96369,96387,96391],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96346,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96348,788],{"class":68},[62,96350,73],{"class":72},[62,96352,256],{"class":95},[62,96354,259],{"class":76},[62,96356,797],{"class":80},[62,96358,259],{"class":76},[62,96360,103],{"class":95},[62,96362,77],{"class":76},[62,96364,815],{"class":80},[62,96366,259],{"class":76},[62,96368,287],{"class":95},[62,96370,96371,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,96372,832],{"class":68},[62,96374,409],{"class":95},[62,96376,82053],{"class":139},[62,96378,131],{"class":95},[62,96380,259],{"class":76},[62,96382,806],{"class":80},[62,96384,259],{"class":76},[62,96386,434],{"class":95},[62,96388,96389],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,96390,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,96392,96393,96395,96397,96399],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,96394,128],{"class":127},[62,96396,131],{"class":95},[62,96398,832],{"class":139},[62,96400,434],{"class":95},[14,96402,96403],{},[3946,96404,30191],{},[53,96406,96408],{"className":55,"code":96407,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96409,96410],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96411,96412,96414,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96413,9452],{"class":95},[62,96415,3503],{"class":76},[62,96417,797],{"class":80},[62,96419,3503],{"class":76},[62,96421,103],{"class":95},[62,96423,3498],{"class":76},[62,96425,806],{"class":80},[62,96427,3503],{"class":76},[62,96429,103],{"class":95},[62,96431,3498],{"class":76},[62,96433,815],{"class":80},[62,96435,3503],{"class":76},[62,96437,287],{"class":95},[14,96439,96440,96441,96444],{},"The new value ",[18,96442,96443],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96446,96447,96448,96451],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3946,96449,96450],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96453,96454],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[53,96456,96458],{"className":55,"code":96457,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96459,96460],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96461,96462,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96463,9452],{"class":95},[62,96465,3503],{"class":76},[62,96467,815],{"class":80},[62,96469,3503],{"class":76},[62,96471,103],{"class":95},[62,96473,3498],{"class":76},[62,96475,797],{"class":80},[62,96477,3503],{"class":76},[62,96479,103],{"class":95},[62,96481,3498],{"class":76},[62,96483,806],{"class":80},[62,96485,3503],{"class":76},[62,96487,287],{"class":95},[14,96489,96490],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[48,96492,96494],{"id":96493},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96496,96497],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[53,96499,96501],{"className":55,"code":96500,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96502,96503,96523,96537,96541],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96504,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96506,225],{"class":68},[62,96508,73],{"class":72},[62,96510,256],{"class":95},[62,96512,499],{"class":99},[62,96514,103],{"class":95},[62,96516,284],{"class":99},[62,96518,103],{"class":95},[62,96520,508],{"class":99},[62,96522,287],{"class":95},[62,96524,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,96526,348],{"class":68},[62,96528,409],{"class":95},[62,96530,82053],{"class":139},[62,96532,131],{"class":95},[62,96534,1935],{"class":99},[62,96536,434],{"class":95},[62,96538,96539],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,96540,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,96542,96543,96545,96547,96549],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,96544,128],{"class":127},[62,96546,131],{"class":95},[62,96548,348],{"class":139},[62,96550,434],{"class":95},[14,96552,96553],{},[3946,96554,2282],{},[53,96556,96558],{"className":55,"code":96557,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96559,96560],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96561,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96563,9452],{"class":95},[62,96565,499],{"class":99},[62,96567,103],{"class":95},[62,96569,284],{"class":99},[62,96571,103],{"class":95},[62,96573,508],{"class":99},[62,96575,287],{"class":95},[14,96577,96578,96579,96581],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96580,1935],{}," was already present.",[48,96583,96585,10756,96587],{"id":96584},"add-vs-update",[18,96586,96153],{},[18,96588,15121],{},[14,96590,169,96591,96593,96594,409],{},[18,96592,96153],{}," when you want to add ",[3946,96595,52600],{},[53,96597,96599],{"className":55,"code":96598,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96600,96601,96625,96643,96647],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96602,96603,96605,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96604,36253],{"class":68},[62,96606,73],{"class":72},[62,96608,256],{"class":95},[62,96610,259],{"class":76},[62,96612,262],{"class":80},[62,96614,259],{"class":76},[62,96616,103],{"class":95},[62,96618,77],{"class":76},[62,96620,277],{"class":80},[62,96622,259],{"class":76},[62,96624,287],{"class":95},[62,96626,96627,96629,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,96628,582],{"class":68},[62,96630,409],{"class":95},[62,96632,82053],{"class":139},[62,96634,131],{"class":95},[62,96636,259],{"class":76},[62,96638,9912],{"class":80},[62,96640,259],{"class":76},[62,96642,434],{"class":95},[62,96644,96645],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,96646,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,96648,96649,96651,96653,96655],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,96650,128],{"class":127},[62,96652,131],{"class":95},[62,96654,582],{"class":139},[62,96656,434],{"class":95},[14,96658,169,96659,96593,96661,96664],{},[18,96660,15121],{},[3946,96662,96663],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[53,96666,96668],{"className":55,"code":96667,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96669,96670,96694,96728,96732],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96671,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96673,36253],{"class":68},[62,96675,73],{"class":72},[62,96677,256],{"class":95},[62,96679,259],{"class":76},[62,96681,262],{"class":80},[62,96683,259],{"class":76},[62,96685,103],{"class":95},[62,96687,77],{"class":76},[62,96689,277],{"class":80},[62,96691,259],{"class":76},[62,96693,287],{"class":95},[62,96695,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714,96716,96718,96720,96722,96724,96726],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,96697,582],{"class":68},[62,96699,409],{"class":95},[62,96701,30626],{"class":139},[62,96703,496],{"class":95},[62,96705,259],{"class":76},[62,96707,9912],{"class":80},[62,96709,259],{"class":76},[62,96711,103],{"class":95},[62,96713,77],{"class":76},[62,96715,18931],{"class":80},[62,96717,259],{"class":76},[62,96719,103],{"class":95},[62,96721,77],{"class":76},[62,96723,60393],{"class":80},[62,96725,259],{"class":76},[62,96727,4088],{"class":95},[62,96729,96730],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,96731,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,96733,96734,96736,96738,96740],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,96735,128],{"class":127},[62,96737,131],{"class":95},[62,96739,582],{"class":139},[62,96741,434],{"class":95},[1256,96743,96745],{"id":96744},"key-difference","Key difference",[29,96747,96748,96753],{},[32,96749,96750,96752],{},[18,96751,96153],{}," adds one item",[32,96754,96755,96757],{},[18,96756,15121],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96759,96760,96761,409],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[262,96762,96764,96765,10912],{"href":96763},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96766,15121],{},[48,96768,17584],{"id":17583},[14,96770,96771,2602,96773,409],{},[18,96772,96158],{},[18,96774,1548],{},[14,96776,96777,96778,96780],{},"That means you should ",[3946,96779,4830],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1256,96782,96784],{"id":96783},"correct","Correct",[53,96786,96788],{"className":55,"code":96787,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96789,96790,96810,96824,96828],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96791,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96793,15795],{"class":68},[62,96795,73],{"class":72},[62,96797,256],{"class":95},[62,96799,499],{"class":99},[62,96801,103],{"class":95},[62,96803,284],{"class":99},[62,96805,103],{"class":95},[62,96807,508],{"class":99},[62,96809,287],{"class":95},[62,96811,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820,96822],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,96813,15833],{"class":68},[62,96815,409],{"class":95},[62,96817,82053],{"class":139},[62,96819,131],{"class":95},[62,96821,2708],{"class":99},[62,96823,434],{"class":95},[62,96825,96826],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,96827,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,96829,96830,96832,96834,96836],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,96831,128],{"class":127},[62,96833,131],{"class":95},[62,96835,15833],{"class":139},[62,96837,434],{"class":95},[1256,96839,96840],{"id":61715},"Wrong",[53,96842,96844],{"className":55,"code":96843,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96845,96846,96866,96885,96889],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96847,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96849,15795],{"class":68},[62,96851,73],{"class":72},[62,96853,256],{"class":95},[62,96855,499],{"class":99},[62,96857,103],{"class":95},[62,96859,284],{"class":99},[62,96861,103],{"class":95},[62,96863,508],{"class":99},[62,96865,287],{"class":95},[62,96867,96868,96870,96872,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,96869,15795],{"class":68},[62,96871,73],{"class":72},[62,96873,96874],{"class":68}," my_set",[62,96876,409],{"class":95},[62,96878,82053],{"class":139},[62,96880,131],{"class":95},[62,96882,2708],{"class":99},[62,96884,434],{"class":95},[62,96886,96887],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,96888,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,96890,96891,96893,96895,96897],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,96892,128],{"class":127},[62,96894,131],{"class":95},[62,96896,15833],{"class":139},[62,96898,434],{"class":95},[14,96900,96901],{},[3946,96902,2282],{},[53,96904,96905],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,96906,96907],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96908,96909],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96910,11979],{"class":1618},[14,96912,96913],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[48,96915,96917],{"id":96916},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96919,96920],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[29,96922,96923,96925,96927,96929],{},[32,96924,56406],{},[32,96926,56409],{},[32,96928,96333],{},[32,96930,40748],{},[14,96932,201],{},[53,96934,96936],{"className":55,"code":96935,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,96937,96938,96948,96952,96966,96984,97002,97016,97020],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,96939,96940,96942,96944,96946],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,96941,90],{"class":68},[62,96943,73],{"class":72},[62,96945,15800],{"class":430},[62,96947,8822],{"class":95},[62,96949,96950],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,96951,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,96953,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962,96964],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,96955,161],{"class":68},[62,96957,409],{"class":95},[62,96959,82053],{"class":139},[62,96961,131],{"class":95},[62,96963,100],{"class":99},[62,96965,434],{"class":95},[62,96967,96968,96970,96972,96974,96976,96978,96980,96982],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,96969,161],{"class":68},[62,96971,409],{"class":95},[62,96973,82053],{"class":139},[62,96975,131],{"class":95},[62,96977,259],{"class":76},[62,96979,81],{"class":80},[62,96981,259],{"class":76},[62,96983,434],{"class":95},[62,96985,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,96987,161],{"class":68},[62,96989,409],{"class":95},[62,96991,82053],{"class":139},[62,96993,524],{"class":95},[62,96995,499],{"class":99},[62,96997,103],{"class":95},[62,96999,284],{"class":99},[62,97001,1013],{"class":95},[62,97003,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,97005,161],{"class":68},[62,97007,409],{"class":95},[62,97009,82053],{"class":139},[62,97011,131],{"class":95},[62,97013,3808],{"class":1618},[62,97015,434],{"class":95},[62,97017,97018],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,97019,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97021,97022,97024,97026,97028],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,97023,128],{"class":127},[62,97025,131],{"class":95},[62,97027,161],{"class":139},[62,97029,434],{"class":95},[14,97031,97032],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[29,97034,97035,97038,97041],{},[32,97036,97037],{},"Lists",[32,97039,97040],{},"Dictionaries",[32,97042,97043],{},"Sets",[14,97045,97046],{},"Example that causes an error:",[53,97048,97050],{"className":55,"code":97049,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,97051,97052,97072],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97053,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066,97068,97070],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97055,90],{"class":68},[62,97057,73],{"class":72},[62,97059,256],{"class":95},[62,97061,499],{"class":99},[62,97063,103],{"class":95},[62,97065,284],{"class":99},[62,97067,103],{"class":95},[62,97069,508],{"class":99},[62,97071,287],{"class":95},[62,97073,97074,97076,97078,97080,97082,97084,97086,97088],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97075,161],{"class":68},[62,97077,409],{"class":95},[62,97079,82053],{"class":139},[62,97081,496],{"class":95},[62,97083,2708],{"class":99},[62,97085,103],{"class":95},[62,97087,4804],{"class":99},[62,97089,4088],{"class":95},[14,97091,97092],{},[3946,97093,29842],{},[53,97095,97097],{"className":55,"code":97096,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,97098,97099],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97100,97101,97103,97105,97108,97110,97112,97114,97116],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97102,1535],{"class":430},[62,97104,267],{"class":95},[62,97106,97107],{"class":68}," unhashable ",[62,97109,1690],{"class":430},[62,97111,267],{"class":95},[62,97113,3498],{"class":76},[62,97115,8276],{"class":80},[62,97117,29861],{"class":76},[14,97119,97120],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97122,97123,97124,409],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,97125,97126],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[48,97128,1824],{"id":1823},[14,97130,14900,97131,267],{},[18,97132,96158],{},[29,97134,97135,97140,97145,97148,97155],{},[32,97136,1834,97137,97139],{},[18,97138,96153],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[32,97141,8631,97142,97144],{},[18,97143,96153],{}," to return the updated set",[32,97146,97147],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[32,97149,37366,97150,97152,97153],{},[18,97151,96158],{}," with list ",[18,97154,52596],{},[32,97156,97157],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97159,71453],{},[53,97161,97163],{"className":55,"code":97162,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,97164,97165,97175,97189,97199,97213],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97166,97167,97169,97171,97173],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97168,128],{"class":127},[62,97170,131],{"class":95},[62,97172,15833],{"class":139},[62,97174,434],{"class":95},[62,97176,97177,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97178,128],{"class":127},[62,97180,131],{"class":95},[62,97182,1690],{"class":430},[62,97184,131],{"class":95},[62,97186,15833],{"class":139},[62,97188,1013],{"class":95},[62,97190,97191,97193,97195,97197],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,97192,128],{"class":127},[62,97194,131],{"class":95},[62,97196,1632],{"class":139},[62,97198,434],{"class":95},[62,97200,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209,97211],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,97202,128],{"class":127},[62,97204,131],{"class":95},[62,97206,1690],{"class":430},[62,97208,131],{"class":95},[62,97210,1632],{"class":139},[62,97212,1013],{"class":95},[62,97214,97215,97217,97219,97221,97223,97225],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,97216,32314],{"class":127},[62,97218,131],{"class":95},[62,97220,6482],{"class":430},[62,97222,409],{"class":95},[62,97224,82053],{"class":24910},[62,97226,434],{"class":95},[14,97228,97229,97230,97232,97233,409],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97231,96158],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[262,97234,52993],{"href":97235},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[48,97237,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,97239,12875,97241,97243],{"id":97240},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97242,96158],{}," return a new set?",[14,97245,97246,97247,409],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97248,1548],{},[1256,97250,97252],{"id":97251},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97254,97255],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1256,97257,97259],{"id":97258},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97261,169,97262,11264,97265,409],{},[18,97263,97264],{},"set.update()",[18,97266,96153],{},[1256,97268,97270],{"id":97269},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97272,97273,97274,409],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97275,1535],{},[48,97277,2109],{"id":2108},[29,97279,97280,97284,97289],{},[32,97281,97282],{},[262,97283,96278],{"href":96277},[32,97285,97286],{},[262,97287,97288],{"href":96281},"How to create a set in Python",[32,97290,97291],{},[262,97292,96764,97293,10912],{"href":96763},[18,97294,15121],{},[14,97296,97297,97298,97300],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97299,96153],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2145,97302,97303],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":97305},[97306,97307,97309,97310,97311,97312,97316,97320,97321,97322,97329],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":96250,"depth":87,"text":97308},"What set.add() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":96493,"depth":87,"text":96494},{"id":96584,"depth":87,"text":97313,"children":97314},"add() vs update()",[97315],{"id":96744,"depth":117,"text":96745},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584,"children":97317},[97318,97319],{"id":96783,"depth":117,"text":96784},{"id":61715,"depth":117,"text":96840},{"id":96916,"depth":87,"text":96917},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":97323},[97324,97326,97327,97328],{"id":97240,"depth":117,"text":97325},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97251,"depth":117,"text":97252},{"id":97258,"depth":117,"text":97259},{"id":97269,"depth":117,"text":97270},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96144,"description":97330},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97337,"title":97338,"body":97339,"description":98508,"extension":2174,"meta":98509,"navigation":120,"path":98510,"seo":98511,"stem":98512,"__hash__":98513},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97340,"toc":98475},[97341,97346,97352,97359,97404,97406,97417,97422,97427,97431,97445,97450,97452,97454,97469,97471,97485,97487,97489,97554,97556,97566,97568,97586,97592,97599,97604,97678,97680,97697,97703,97708,97779,97781,97808,97825,97828,97834,97836,97843,97847,97914,97916,97931,97934,97987,97989,97997,98009,98011,98015,98020,98022,98071,98073,98081,98083,98128,98130,98140,98146,98154,98167,98173,98175,98204,98206,98224,98228,98231,98262,98264,98282,98286,98361,98363,98379,98386,98388,98393,98398,98404,98407,98411,98419,98426,98434,98436,98472],[10,97342,96150,97344,11494],{"id":97343},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97345,11493],{},[14,97347,97348,97351],{},[18,97349,97350],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97353,97354,97355,97358],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3946,97356,97357],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[53,97360,97362],{"className":55,"code":97361,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97363,97364,97384,97394],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97365,97366,97368,97370,97372,97374,97376,97378,97380,97382],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97367,225],{"class":68},[62,97369,73],{"class":72},[62,97371,256],{"class":95},[62,97373,499],{"class":99},[62,97375,103],{"class":95},[62,97377,284],{"class":99},[62,97379,103],{"class":95},[62,97381,508],{"class":99},[62,97383,287],{"class":95},[62,97385,97386,97388,97390,97392],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97387,348],{"class":68},[62,97389,409],{"class":95},[62,97391,11555],{"class":139},[62,97393,8822],{"class":95},[62,97395,97396,97398,97400,97402],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,97397,128],{"class":127},[62,97399,131],{"class":95},[62,97401,348],{"class":139},[62,97403,434],{"class":95},[14,97405,2282],{},[53,97407,97409],{"className":55,"code":97408,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set()\n",[18,97410,97411],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97412,97413,97415],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97414,6482],{"class":430},[62,97416,8822],{"class":95},[14,97418,97419,97421],{},[18,97420,11493],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[48,97423,3879,97425,3882],{"id":97424},"what-setclear-does",[18,97426,97350],{},[14,97428,2191,97429,11585],{},[18,97430,11493],{},[29,97432,97433,97436,97438,97442],{},[32,97434,97435],{},"Removes every item from a set",[32,97437,96265],{},[32,97439,11596,97440],{},[18,97441,1548],{},[32,97443,97444],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97446,96274,97447,71552],{},[262,97448,96278],{"href":97449},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[48,97451,413],{"id":412},[14,97453,54391],{},[53,97455,97457],{"className":55,"code":97456,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97458,97459],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97460,97461,97463,97465,97467],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97462,15833],{"class":68},[62,97464,409],{"class":95},[62,97466,11555],{"class":139},[62,97468,8822],{"class":95},[14,97470,13222],{},[29,97472,97473,97476,97479,97482],{},[32,97474,97475],{},"It takes no arguments",[32,97477,97478],{},"It empties the set",[32,97480,97481],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[32,97483,97484],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[48,97486,11648],{"id":11647},[14,97488,11651],{},[53,97490,97492],{"className":55,"code":97491,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97493,97494,97526,97530,97540,97544],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97495,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504,97506,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520,97522,97524],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97497,788],{"class":68},[62,97499,73],{"class":72},[62,97501,256],{"class":95},[62,97503,259],{"class":76},[62,97505,797],{"class":80},[62,97507,259],{"class":76},[62,97509,103],{"class":95},[62,97511,77],{"class":76},[62,97513,806],{"class":80},[62,97515,259],{"class":76},[62,97517,103],{"class":95},[62,97519,77],{"class":76},[62,97521,815],{"class":80},[62,97523,259],{"class":76},[62,97525,287],{"class":95},[62,97527,97528],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97529,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97531,97532,97534,97536,97538],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,97533,832],{"class":68},[62,97535,409],{"class":95},[62,97537,11555],{"class":139},[62,97539,8822],{"class":95},[62,97541,97542],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,97543,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97545,97546,97548,97550,97552],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,97547,128],{"class":127},[62,97549,131],{"class":95},[62,97551,832],{"class":139},[62,97553,434],{"class":95},[14,97555,2282],{},[53,97557,97558],{"className":55,"code":97408,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,97559,97560],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97561,97562,97564],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97563,6482],{"class":430},[62,97565,8822],{"class":95},[14,97567,11854],{},[29,97569,97570,97575,97580],{},[32,97571,97572,97574],{},[18,97573,832],{}," starts with three values",[32,97576,97577,11867],{},[18,97578,97579],{},"colors.clear()",[32,97581,97582,97583,97585],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97584,4000],{},", which means an empty set",[48,97587,97589,97591],{"id":97588},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97590,11493],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97593,97594,1940,97596,97598],{},[18,97595,11493],{},[18,97597,4000],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1256,97600,1834,97602],{"id":97601},"using-clear",[18,97603,11493],{},[53,97605,97607],{"className":55,"code":97606,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97608,97609,97629,97639,97643,97653,97657,97667],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97610,97611,97613,97615,97617,97619,97621,97623,97625,97627],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97612,90],{"class":68},[62,97614,73],{"class":72},[62,97616,256],{"class":95},[62,97618,499],{"class":99},[62,97620,103],{"class":95},[62,97622,284],{"class":99},[62,97624,103],{"class":95},[62,97626,508],{"class":99},[62,97628,287],{"class":95},[62,97630,97631,97634,97636],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97632,97633],{"class":68},"other_name ",[62,97635,73],{"class":72},[62,97637,97638],{"class":68}," items\n",[62,97640,97641],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,97642,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97644,97645,97647,97649,97651],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,97646,161],{"class":68},[62,97648,409],{"class":95},[62,97650,11555],{"class":139},[62,97652,8822],{"class":95},[62,97654,97655],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,97656,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97658,97659,97661,97663,97665],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,97660,128],{"class":127},[62,97662,131],{"class":95},[62,97664,161],{"class":139},[62,97666,434],{"class":95},[62,97668,97669,97671,97673,97676],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,97670,128],{"class":127},[62,97672,131],{"class":95},[62,97674,97675],{"class":139},"other_name",[62,97677,434],{"class":95},[14,97679,2282],{},[53,97681,97683],{"className":55,"code":97682,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97684,97685,97691],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97686,97687,97689],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97688,6482],{"class":430},[62,97690,8822],{"class":95},[62,97692,97693,97695],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97694,6482],{"class":430},[62,97696,8822],{"class":95},[14,97698,97699,97700,409],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3946,97701,97702],{},"same set object",[1256,97704,1834,97706],{"id":97705},"using-set",[18,97707,4000],{},[53,97709,97711],{"className":55,"code":97710,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97712,97713,97733,97741,97745,97755,97759,97769],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97714,97715,97717,97719,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97716,90],{"class":68},[62,97718,73],{"class":72},[62,97720,256],{"class":95},[62,97722,499],{"class":99},[62,97724,103],{"class":95},[62,97726,284],{"class":99},[62,97728,103],{"class":95},[62,97730,508],{"class":99},[62,97732,287],{"class":95},[62,97734,97735,97737,97739],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97736,97633],{"class":68},[62,97738,73],{"class":72},[62,97740,97638],{"class":68},[62,97742,97743],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,97744,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97746,97747,97749,97751,97753],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,97748,90],{"class":68},[62,97750,73],{"class":72},[62,97752,15800],{"class":430},[62,97754,8822],{"class":95},[62,97756,97757],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,97758,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97760,97761,97763,97765,97767],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,97762,128],{"class":127},[62,97764,131],{"class":95},[62,97766,161],{"class":139},[62,97768,434],{"class":95},[62,97770,97771,97773,97775,97777],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,97772,128],{"class":127},[62,97774,131],{"class":95},[62,97776,97675],{"class":139},[62,97778,434],{"class":95},[14,97780,2282],{},[53,97782,97784],{"className":55,"code":97783,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97785,97786,97792],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97787,97788,97790],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97789,6482],{"class":430},[62,97791,8822],{"class":95},[62,97793,97794,97796,97798,97800,97802,97804,97806],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97795,9452],{"class":95},[62,97797,499],{"class":99},[62,97799,103],{"class":95},[62,97801,284],{"class":99},[62,97803,103],{"class":95},[62,97805,508],{"class":99},[62,97807,287],{"class":95},[14,97809,20933,97810,93042,97813,97816,97817,409,97819,97821,97822,97824],{},[18,97811,97812],{},"items = set()",[3946,97814,97815],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97818,161],{},[10018,97820],{},"\nBut ",[18,97823,97675],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97826,97827],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97829,97830,97831,409],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[262,97832,96282],{"href":97833},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[48,97835,17584],{"id":17583},[14,97837,97838,14220,97840,97842],{},[18,97839,11493],{},[3946,97841,4830],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97844,5346,97845,409],{},[18,97846,1548],{},[53,97848,97850],{"className":55,"code":97849,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97851,97852,97872,97876,97890,97894,97904],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97853,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862,97864,97866,97868,97870],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97855,225],{"class":68},[62,97857,73],{"class":72},[62,97859,256],{"class":95},[62,97861,499],{"class":99},[62,97863,103],{"class":95},[62,97865,284],{"class":99},[62,97867,103],{"class":95},[62,97869,508],{"class":99},[62,97871,287],{"class":95},[62,97873,97874],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97875,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97877,97878,97880,97882,97884,97886,97888],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,97879,2435],{"class":68},[62,97881,73],{"class":72},[62,97883,4462],{"class":68},[62,97885,409],{"class":95},[62,97887,11555],{"class":139},[62,97889,8822],{"class":95},[62,97891,97892],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,97893,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97895,97896,97898,97900,97902],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,97897,128],{"class":127},[62,97899,131],{"class":95},[62,97901,2470],{"class":139},[62,97903,434],{"class":95},[62,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,97907,128],{"class":127},[62,97909,131],{"class":95},[62,97911,348],{"class":139},[62,97913,434],{"class":95},[14,97915,2282],{},[53,97917,97919],{"className":55,"code":97918,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"None\nset()\n",[18,97920,97921,97925],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97922,97923],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97924,11979],{"class":1618},[62,97926,97927,97929],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97928,6482],{"class":430},[62,97930,8822],{"class":95},[14,97932,97933],{},"Do not do this:",[53,97935,97937],{"className":55,"code":97936,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97938,97939,97959,97973,97977],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97940,97941,97943,97945,97947,97949,97951,97953,97955,97957],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97942,225],{"class":68},[62,97944,73],{"class":72},[62,97946,256],{"class":95},[62,97948,499],{"class":99},[62,97950,103],{"class":95},[62,97952,284],{"class":99},[62,97954,103],{"class":95},[62,97956,508],{"class":99},[62,97958,287],{"class":95},[62,97960,97961,97963,97965,97967,97969,97971],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,97962,225],{"class":68},[62,97964,73],{"class":72},[62,97966,4462],{"class":68},[62,97968,409],{"class":95},[62,97970,11555],{"class":139},[62,97972,8822],{"class":95},[62,97974,97975],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,97976,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,97978,97979,97981,97983,97985],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,97980,128],{"class":127},[62,97982,131],{"class":95},[62,97984,348],{"class":139},[62,97986,434],{"class":95},[14,97988,2282],{},[53,97990,97991],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,97992,97993],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,97994,97995],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,97996,11979],{"class":1618},[14,97998,22351,97999,2602,98001,98003,98004,98006,98007,409],{},[18,98000,54504],{},[18,98002,1548],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,98005,1548],{}," back to ",[18,98008,348],{},[48,98010,4718],{"id":4717},[14,98012,10919,98013,409],{},[18,98014,97350],{},[1256,98016,12765,98018],{"id":98017},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,98019,11493],{},[14,98021,16810],{},[53,98023,98025],{"className":55,"code":98024,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98026,98027,98047,98061],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98028,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041,98043,98045],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98030,15795],{"class":68},[62,98032,73],{"class":72},[62,98034,256],{"class":95},[62,98036,499],{"class":99},[62,98038,103],{"class":95},[62,98040,284],{"class":99},[62,98042,103],{"class":95},[62,98044,508],{"class":99},[62,98046,287],{"class":95},[62,98048,98049,98051,98053,98055,98057,98059],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98050,15795],{"class":68},[62,98052,73],{"class":72},[62,98054,96874],{"class":68},[62,98056,409],{"class":95},[62,98058,11555],{"class":139},[62,98060,8822],{"class":95},[62,98062,98063,98065,98067,98069],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,98064,128],{"class":127},[62,98066,131],{"class":95},[62,98068,15833],{"class":139},[62,98070,434],{"class":95},[14,98072,2282],{},[53,98074,98075],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,98076,98077],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98078,98079],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98080,11979],{"class":1618},[14,98082,16822],{},[53,98084,98086],{"className":55,"code":98085,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98087,98088,98108,98118],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98089,98090,98092,98094,98096,98098,98100,98102,98104,98106],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98091,15795],{"class":68},[62,98093,73],{"class":72},[62,98095,256],{"class":95},[62,98097,499],{"class":99},[62,98099,103],{"class":95},[62,98101,284],{"class":99},[62,98103,103],{"class":95},[62,98105,508],{"class":99},[62,98107,287],{"class":95},[62,98109,98110,98112,98114,98116],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98111,15833],{"class":68},[62,98113,409],{"class":95},[62,98115,11555],{"class":139},[62,98117,8822],{"class":95},[62,98119,98120,98122,98124,98126],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,98121,128],{"class":127},[62,98123,131],{"class":95},[62,98125,15833],{"class":139},[62,98127,434],{"class":95},[14,98129,2282],{},[53,98131,98132],{"className":55,"code":97408,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,98133,98134],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98135,98136,98138],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98137,6482],{"class":430},[62,98139,8822],{"class":95},[1256,98141,8631,98143,98145],{"id":98142},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,98144,11493],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98147,98148,98150,98151,98153],{},[18,98149,11493],{}," removes ",[3946,98152,3918],{}," items from the set.",[14,98155,98156,98157,2022,98162,409],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[262,98158,98160],{"href":98159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,98161,55473],{},[262,98163,98165],{"href":98164},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,98166,12934],{},[1256,98168,1834,98170,98172],{"id":98169},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,98171,3995],{}," for an empty set",[14,98174,25851],{},[53,98176,98178],{"className":55,"code":98177,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98179,98180,98189],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98181,98182,98185,98187],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98183,98184],{"class":68},"empty_value ",[62,98186,73],{"class":72},[62,98188,1206],{"class":95},[62,98190,98191,98193,98195,98197,98199,98202],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98192,128],{"class":127},[62,98194,131],{"class":95},[62,98196,1690],{"class":430},[62,98198,131],{"class":95},[62,98200,98201],{"class":139},"empty_value",[62,98203,1013],{"class":95},[14,98205,2282],{},[53,98207,98208],{"className":55,"code":8988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,98209,98210],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98211,98212,98214,98216,98218,98220,98222],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98213,3492],{"class":72},[62,98215,3495],{"class":2276},[62,98217,3498],{"class":76},[62,98219,9001],{"class":80},[62,98221,3503],{"class":76},[62,98223,3506],{"class":72},[14,98225,98226,8968],{},[18,98227,3995],{},[14,98229,98230],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[53,98232,98234],{"className":55,"code":98233,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98235,98236,98247],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98237,98238,98241,98243,98245],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98239,98240],{"class":68},"empty_set ",[62,98242,73],{"class":72},[62,98244,15800],{"class":430},[62,98246,8822],{"class":95},[62,98248,98249,98251,98253,98255,98257,98260],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98250,128],{"class":127},[62,98252,131],{"class":95},[62,98254,1690],{"class":430},[62,98256,131],{"class":95},[62,98258,98259],{"class":139},"empty_set",[62,98261,1013],{"class":95},[14,98263,2282],{},[53,98265,98266],{"className":55,"code":9032,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,98267,98268],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98269,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98271,3492],{"class":72},[62,98273,3495],{"class":2276},[62,98275,3498],{"class":76},[62,98277,6482],{"class":80},[62,98279,3503],{"class":76},[62,98281,3506],{"class":72},[1256,98283,98285],{"id":98284},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[53,98287,98289],{"className":55,"code":98288,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98290,98291,98315,98323,98327,98337,98341,98351],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98292,98293,98295,98297,98299,98301,98303,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98294,2758],{"class":68},[62,98296,73],{"class":72},[62,98298,256],{"class":95},[62,98300,259],{"class":76},[62,98302,552],{"class":80},[62,98304,259],{"class":76},[62,98306,103],{"class":95},[62,98308,77],{"class":76},[62,98310,11916],{"class":80},[62,98312,259],{"class":76},[62,98314,287],{"class":95},[62,98316,98317,98319,98321],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98318,2786],{"class":68},[62,98320,73],{"class":72},[62,98322,36336],{"class":68},[62,98324,98325],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,98326,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,98328,98329,98331,98333,98335],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,98330,262],{"class":68},[62,98332,409],{"class":95},[62,98334,11555],{"class":139},[62,98336,8822],{"class":95},[62,98338,98339],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,98340,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,98342,98343,98345,98347,98349],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,98344,128],{"class":127},[62,98346,131],{"class":95},[62,98348,262],{"class":139},[62,98350,434],{"class":95},[62,98352,98353,98355,98357,98359],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,98354,128],{"class":127},[62,98356,131],{"class":95},[62,98358,277],{"class":139},[62,98360,434],{"class":95},[14,98362,2282],{},[53,98364,98365],{"className":55,"code":97682,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,98366,98367,98373],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98368,98369,98371],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98370,6482],{"class":430},[62,98372,8822],{"class":95},[62,98374,98375,98377],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98376,6482],{"class":430},[62,98378,8822],{"class":95},[14,98380,29222,98381,1940,98383,98385],{},[18,98382,262],{},[18,98384,277],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[48,98387,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,98389,5340,98391,5343],{"id":98390},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98392,97350],{},[14,98394,5346,98395,98397],{},[18,98396,1548],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1256,98399,12875,98401,98403],{"id":98400},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98402,11493],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98405,98406],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1256,98408,98410],{"id":98409},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98412,98413,98414,98416,98417,409],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98415,11493],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98418,4000],{},[1256,98420,5378,98422,1940,98424,632],{"id":98421},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98423,11493],{},[18,98425,4000],{},[14,98427,98428,98430,98431,98433],{},[18,98429,11493],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98432,4000],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[48,98435,2109],{"id":2108},[29,98437,98438,98442,98446,98453,98459,98465],{},[32,98439,98440],{},[262,98441,96278],{"href":97449},[32,98443,98444],{},[262,98445,97288],{"href":97833},[32,98447,98448],{},[262,98449,96764,98451,10912],{"href":98450},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98452,96153],{},[32,98454,98455],{},[262,98456,96764,98457,10912],{"href":98159},[18,98458,55473],{},[32,98460,98461],{},[262,98462,96764,98463,10912],{"href":98164},[18,98464,12934],{},[32,98466,98467],{},[262,98468,96764,98470,10912],{"href":98469},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98471,15121],{},[2145,98473,98474],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":98476},[98477,98479,98480,98481,98488,98489,98498,98507],{"id":97424,"depth":87,"text":98478},"What set.clear() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":97588,"depth":87,"text":98482,"children":98483},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98484,98486],{"id":97601,"depth":117,"text":98485},"Using clear()",{"id":97705,"depth":117,"text":98487},"Using set()",{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":98490},[98491,98493,98495,98497],{"id":98017,"depth":117,"text":98492},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98142,"depth":117,"text":98494},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98169,"depth":117,"text":98496},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98284,"depth":117,"text":98285},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":98499},[98500,98502,98504,98505],{"id":98390,"depth":117,"text":98501},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98400,"depth":117,"text":98503},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98409,"depth":117,"text":98410},{"id":98421,"depth":117,"text":98506},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97338,"description":98508},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98515,"title":98516,"body":98517,"description":100349,"extension":2174,"meta":100350,"navigation":120,"path":96281,"seo":100351,"stem":100352,"__hash__":100353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98518,"toc":100306},[98519,98522,98525,98528,98530,98633,98637,98684,98690,98692,98711,98715,98718,98720,98734,98743,98747,98750,98785,98789,98809,98812,98816,98819,98880,98884,98909,98916,98922,98927,98929,98941,98945,98994,98998,99022,99029,99033,99074,99078,99099,99103,99136,99140,99181,99184,99188,99193,99232,99236,99261,99266,99272,99309,99313,99336,99340,99342,99345,99348,99425,99429,99466,99469,99473,99479,99482,99492,99541,99547,99553,99580,99583,99605,99607,99638,99641,99645,99649,99688,99692,99755,99758,99791,99795,99820,99822,99825,99831,99834,99861,99864,99882,99886,99890,99893,99936,99939,99943,99946,99949,99979,99982,99986,99989,100004,100009,100013,100016,100105,100107,100110,100200,100203,100221,100223,100227,100237,100241,100249,100253,100256,100260,100263,100267,100270,100272,100300,100303],[10,98520,98516],{"id":98521},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98523,98524],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98526,98527],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[48,98529,3813],{"id":3812},[53,98531,98533],{"className":55,"code":98532,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98534,98535,98555,98589,98599,98603,98613,98623],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98536,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98538,225],{"class":68},[62,98540,73],{"class":72},[62,98542,256],{"class":95},[62,98544,499],{"class":99},[62,98546,103],{"class":95},[62,98548,284],{"class":99},[62,98550,103],{"class":95},[62,98552,508],{"class":99},[62,98554,287],{"class":95},[62,98556,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575,98577,98579,98581,98583,98585,98587],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98558,4270],{"class":68},[62,98560,73],{"class":72},[62,98562,15800],{"class":430},[62,98564,496],{"class":95},[62,98566,259],{"class":76},[62,98568,901],{"class":80},[62,98570,259],{"class":76},[62,98572,103],{"class":95},[62,98574,77],{"class":76},[62,98576,910],{"class":80},[62,98578,259],{"class":76},[62,98580,103],{"class":95},[62,98582,77],{"class":76},[62,98584,901],{"class":80},[62,98586,259],{"class":76},[62,98588,4088],{"class":95},[62,98590,98591,98593,98595,98597],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,98592,98240],{"class":68},[62,98594,73],{"class":72},[62,98596,15800],{"class":430},[62,98598,8822],{"class":95},[62,98600,98601],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,98602,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,98604,98605,98607,98609,98611],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,98606,128],{"class":127},[62,98608,131],{"class":95},[62,98610,348],{"class":139},[62,98612,434],{"class":95},[62,98614,98615,98617,98619,98621],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,98616,128],{"class":127},[62,98618,131],{"class":95},[62,98620,4312],{"class":139},[62,98622,434],{"class":95},[62,98624,98625,98627,98629,98631],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,98626,128],{"class":127},[62,98628,131],{"class":95},[62,98630,98259],{"class":139},[62,98632,434],{"class":95},[14,98634,98635],{},[3946,98636,2282],{},[53,98638,98640],{"className":55,"code":98639,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98641,98642,98658,98678],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98643,98644,98646,98648,98650,98652,98654,98656],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98645,9452],{"class":95},[62,98647,499],{"class":99},[62,98649,103],{"class":95},[62,98651,284],{"class":99},[62,98653,103],{"class":95},[62,98655,508],{"class":99},[62,98657,287],{"class":95},[62,98659,98660,98662,98664,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674,98676],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98661,9452],{"class":95},[62,98663,3503],{"class":76},[62,98665,910],{"class":80},[62,98667,3503],{"class":76},[62,98669,103],{"class":95},[62,98671,3498],{"class":76},[62,98673,901],{"class":80},[62,98675,3503],{"class":76},[62,98677,287],{"class":95},[62,98679,98680,98682],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,98681,6482],{"class":430},[62,98683,8822],{"class":95},[14,98685,98686,98687,98689],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98688,4000],{}," for an empty set.",[48,98691,15330],{"id":15329},[29,98693,98694,98697,98702,98705,98708],{},[32,98695,98696],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[32,98698,98699,98700],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98701,4000],{},[32,98703,98704],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[32,98706,98707],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[32,98709,98710],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[48,98712,98714],{"id":98713},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98716,98717],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98719,30702],{},[29,98721,98722,98725,98728,98731],{},[32,98723,98724],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[32,98726,98727],{},"Sets are unordered",[32,98729,98730],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[32,98732,98733],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98735,98736,98737,2022,98739,409],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[262,98738,96278],{"href":97449},[262,98740,98742],{"href":98741},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[48,98744,98746],{"id":98745},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98748,98749],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[53,98751,98753],{"className":55,"code":98752,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98754,98755,98775],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98756,98757,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98758,225],{"class":68},[62,98760,73],{"class":72},[62,98762,256],{"class":95},[62,98764,499],{"class":99},[62,98766,103],{"class":95},[62,98768,284],{"class":99},[62,98770,103],{"class":95},[62,98772,508],{"class":99},[62,98774,287],{"class":95},[62,98776,98777,98779,98781,98783],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98778,128],{"class":127},[62,98780,131],{"class":95},[62,98782,348],{"class":139},[62,98784,434],{"class":95},[14,98786,98787],{},[3946,98788,30191],{},[53,98790,98791],{"className":55,"code":96557,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,98792,98793],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98794,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98796,9452],{"class":95},[62,98798,499],{"class":99},[62,98800,103],{"class":95},[62,98802,284],{"class":99},[62,98804,103],{"class":95},[62,98806,508],{"class":99},[62,98808,287],{"class":95},[14,98810,98811],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1256,98813,98815],{"id":98814},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98817,98818],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[53,98820,98822],{"className":55,"code":98821,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98823,98824,98856,98866],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98825,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98827,225],{"class":68},[62,98829,73],{"class":72},[62,98831,256],{"class":95},[62,98833,499],{"class":99},[62,98835,103],{"class":95},[62,98837,284],{"class":99},[62,98839,103],{"class":95},[62,98841,284],{"class":99},[62,98843,103],{"class":95},[62,98845,508],{"class":99},[62,98847,103],{"class":95},[62,98849,508],{"class":99},[62,98851,103],{"class":95},[62,98853,508],{"class":99},[62,98855,287],{"class":95},[62,98857,98858,98860,98862,98864],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98859,128],{"class":127},[62,98861,131],{"class":95},[62,98863,348],{"class":139},[62,98865,434],{"class":95},[62,98867,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876,98878],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,98869,128],{"class":127},[62,98871,131],{"class":95},[62,98873,134],{"class":127},[62,98875,131],{"class":95},[62,98877,348],{"class":139},[62,98879,1013],{"class":95},[14,98881,98882],{},[3946,98883,30191],{},[53,98885,98887],{"className":55,"code":98886,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,98888,98889,98905],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98890,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98892,9452],{"class":95},[62,98894,499],{"class":99},[62,98896,103],{"class":95},[62,98898,284],{"class":99},[62,98900,103],{"class":95},[62,98902,508],{"class":99},[62,98904,287],{"class":95},[62,98906,98907],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98908,46769],{"class":99},[14,98910,21140,98911,1940,98913,98915],{},[18,98912,1935],{},[18,98914,2273],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[48,98917,98919,98920],{"id":98918},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,98921,4000],{},[14,98923,169,98924,98926],{},[18,98925,4000],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98928,5655],{},[29,98930,98931,98933,98935,98937],{},[32,98932,97037],{},[32,98934,96333],{},[32,98936,56409],{},[32,98938,98939],{},[18,98940,36359],{},[1256,98942,98944],{"id":98943},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[53,98946,98948],{"className":55,"code":98947,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98949,98950,98984],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,98951,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,98953,225],{"class":68},[62,98955,73],{"class":72},[62,98957,15800],{"class":430},[62,98959,496],{"class":95},[62,98961,499],{"class":99},[62,98963,103],{"class":95},[62,98965,284],{"class":99},[62,98967,103],{"class":95},[62,98969,284],{"class":99},[62,98971,103],{"class":95},[62,98973,508],{"class":99},[62,98975,103],{"class":95},[62,98977,508],{"class":99},[62,98979,103],{"class":95},[62,98981,2661],{"class":99},[62,98983,4088],{"class":95},[62,98985,98986,98988,98990,98992],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,98987,128],{"class":127},[62,98989,131],{"class":95},[62,98991,348],{"class":139},[62,98993,434],{"class":95},[14,98995,98996],{},[3946,98997,30191],{},[53,98999,99000],{"className":55,"code":96220,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,99001,99002],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99003,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99005,9452],{"class":95},[62,99007,499],{"class":99},[62,99009,103],{"class":95},[62,99011,284],{"class":99},[62,99013,103],{"class":95},[62,99015,508],{"class":99},[62,99017,103],{"class":95},[62,99019,2661],{"class":99},[62,99021,287],{"class":95},[14,99023,99024,99025,409],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[262,99026,99028],{"href":99027},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1256,99030,99032],{"id":99031},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[53,99034,99036],{"className":55,"code":99035,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,99037,99038,99064],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99039,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99041,292],{"class":68},[62,99043,73],{"class":72},[62,99045,15800],{"class":430},[62,99047,524],{"class":95},[62,99049,100],{"class":99},[62,99051,103],{"class":95},[62,99053,106],{"class":99},[62,99055,103],{"class":95},[62,99057,106],{"class":99},[62,99059,103],{"class":95},[62,99061,111],{"class":99},[62,99063,1013],{"class":95},[62,99065,99066,99068,99070,99072],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99067,128],{"class":127},[62,99069,131],{"class":95},[62,99071,386],{"class":139},[62,99073,434],{"class":95},[14,99075,99076],{},[3946,99077,30191],{},[53,99079,99081],{"className":55,"code":99080,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,99082,99083],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99084,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095,99097],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99086,9452],{"class":95},[62,99088,100],{"class":99},[62,99090,103],{"class":95},[62,99092,106],{"class":99},[62,99094,103],{"class":95},[62,99096,111],{"class":99},[62,99098,287],{"class":95},[1256,99100,99102],{"id":99101},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[53,99104,99106],{"className":55,"code":99105,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99107,99108,99126],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99111,36253],{"class":68},[62,99113,73],{"class":72},[62,99115,15800],{"class":430},[62,99117,131],{"class":95},[62,99119,259],{"class":76},[62,99121,81],{"class":80},[62,99123,259],{"class":76},[62,99125,434],{"class":95},[62,99127,99128,99130,99132,99134],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99129,128],{"class":127},[62,99131,131],{"class":95},[62,99133,582],{"class":139},[62,99135,434],{"class":95},[14,99137,99138],{},[3946,99139,30191],{},[53,99141,99143],{"className":55,"code":99142,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,99144,99145],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99146,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99148,9452],{"class":95},[62,99150,3503],{"class":76},[62,99152,60384],{"class":80},[62,99154,3503],{"class":76},[62,99156,103],{"class":95},[62,99158,3498],{"class":76},[62,99160,60393],{"class":80},[62,99162,3503],{"class":76},[62,99164,103],{"class":95},[62,99166,3498],{"class":76},[62,99168,60402],{"class":80},[62,99170,3503],{"class":76},[62,99172,103],{"class":95},[62,99174,3498],{"class":76},[62,99176,60419],{"class":80},[62,99178,3503],{"class":76},[62,99180,287],{"class":95},[14,99182,99183],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[48,99185,99187],{"id":99186},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99189,99190,99191,409],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,99192,4000],{},[53,99194,99196],{"className":55,"code":99195,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,99197,99198,99208,99218],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99199,99200,99202,99204,99206],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99201,98240],{"class":68},[62,99203,73],{"class":72},[62,99205,15800],{"class":430},[62,99207,8822],{"class":95},[62,99209,99210,99212,99214,99216],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99211,128],{"class":127},[62,99213,131],{"class":95},[62,99215,98259],{"class":139},[62,99217,434],{"class":95},[62,99219,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,99221,128],{"class":127},[62,99223,131],{"class":95},[62,99225,1690],{"class":430},[62,99227,131],{"class":95},[62,99229,98259],{"class":139},[62,99231,1013],{"class":95},[14,99233,99234],{},[3946,99235,2282],{},[53,99237,99239],{"className":55,"code":99238,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,99240,99241,99247],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99242,99243,99245],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99244,6482],{"class":430},[62,99246,8822],{"class":95},[62,99248,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99250,3492],{"class":72},[62,99252,3495],{"class":2276},[62,99254,3498],{"class":76},[62,99256,6482],{"class":80},[62,99258,3503],{"class":76},[62,99260,3506],{"class":72},[1256,99262,44580,99264],{"id":99263},"do-not-use",[18,99265,3995],{},[14,99267,99268,99269,99271],{},"Empty braces do ",[3946,99270,4830],{}," create a set.",[53,99273,99275],{"className":55,"code":99274,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99276,99277,99285,99295],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99278,99279,99281,99283],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99280,98184],{"class":68},[62,99282,73],{"class":72},[62,99284,1206],{"class":95},[62,99286,99287,99289,99291,99293],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99288,128],{"class":127},[62,99290,131],{"class":95},[62,99292,98201],{"class":139},[62,99294,434],{"class":95},[62,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,99298,128],{"class":127},[62,99300,131],{"class":95},[62,99302,1690],{"class":430},[62,99304,131],{"class":95},[62,99306,98201],{"class":139},[62,99308,1013],{"class":95},[14,99310,99311],{},[3946,99312,2282],{},[53,99314,99316],{"className":55,"code":99315,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99317,99318,99322],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99319,99320],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99321,9607],{"class":95},[62,99323,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99325,3492],{"class":72},[62,99327,3495],{"class":2276},[62,99329,3498],{"class":76},[62,99331,9001],{"class":80},[62,99333,3503],{"class":76},[62,99335,3506],{"class":72},[14,99337,99338,8968],{},[18,99339,3995],{},[48,99341,72216],{"id":72215},[14,99343,99344],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99346,99347],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[53,99349,99351],{"className":55,"code":99350,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99352,99353,99401,99411],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99354,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99356,4270],{"class":68},[62,99358,73],{"class":72},[62,99360,256],{"class":95},[62,99362,259],{"class":76},[62,99364,901],{"class":80},[62,99366,259],{"class":76},[62,99368,103],{"class":95},[62,99370,77],{"class":76},[62,99372,910],{"class":80},[62,99374,259],{"class":76},[62,99376,103],{"class":95},[62,99378,77],{"class":76},[62,99380,901],{"class":80},[62,99382,259],{"class":76},[62,99384,103],{"class":95},[62,99386,77],{"class":76},[62,99388,901],{"class":80},[62,99390,259],{"class":76},[62,99392,103],{"class":95},[62,99394,77],{"class":76},[62,99396,33383],{"class":80},[62,99398,259],{"class":76},[62,99400,287],{"class":95},[62,99402,99403,99405,99407,99409],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99404,128],{"class":127},[62,99406,131],{"class":95},[62,99408,4312],{"class":139},[62,99410,434],{"class":95},[62,99412,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,99414,128],{"class":127},[62,99416,131],{"class":95},[62,99418,134],{"class":127},[62,99420,131],{"class":95},[62,99422,4312],{"class":139},[62,99424,1013],{"class":95},[14,99426,99427],{},[3946,99428,30191],{},[53,99430,99432],{"className":55,"code":99431,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99433,99434,99462],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99435,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99437,9452],{"class":95},[62,99439,3503],{"class":76},[62,99441,910],{"class":80},[62,99443,3503],{"class":76},[62,99445,103],{"class":95},[62,99447,3498],{"class":76},[62,99449,33383],{"class":80},[62,99451,3503],{"class":76},[62,99453,103],{"class":95},[62,99455,3498],{"class":76},[62,99457,901],{"class":80},[62,99459,3503],{"class":76},[62,99461,287],{"class":95},[62,99463,99464],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99465,46769],{"class":99},[14,99467,99468],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[48,99470,99472],{"id":99471},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99474,99475,99476,99478],{},"Set items must be ",[3946,99477,96321],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99480,99481],{},"These usually work:",[29,99483,99484,99486,99488,99490],{},[32,99485,56406],{},[32,99487,56409],{},[32,99489,96333],{},[32,99491,40748],{},[53,99493,99495],{"className":55,"code":99494,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99496,99497,99531],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99498,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99500,292],{"class":68},[62,99502,73],{"class":72},[62,99504,256],{"class":95},[62,99506,499],{"class":99},[62,99508,103],{"class":95},[62,99510,77],{"class":76},[62,99512,901],{"class":80},[62,99514,259],{"class":76},[62,99516,103],{"class":95},[62,99518,854],{"class":95},[62,99520,100],{"class":99},[62,99522,103],{"class":95},[62,99524,106],{"class":99},[62,99526,9408],{"class":95},[62,99528,4115],{"class":1618},[62,99530,287],{"class":95},[62,99532,99533,99535,99537,99539],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99534,128],{"class":127},[62,99536,131],{"class":95},[62,99538,386],{"class":139},[62,99540,434],{"class":95},[14,99542,99543,99544,99546],{},"These do ",[3946,99545,4830],{}," work directly:",[29,99548,99549,99551],{},[32,99550,97037],{},[32,99552,97040],{},[53,99554,99556],{"className":55,"code":99555,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99557,99558],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99559,99560,99563,99565,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576,99578],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99561,99562],{"class":68},"bad_set ",[62,99564,73],{"class":72},[62,99566,99567],{"class":95}," {[",[62,99569,499],{"class":99},[62,99571,103],{"class":95},[62,99573,284],{"class":99},[62,99575,103],{"class":95},[62,99577,508],{"class":99},[62,99579,13872],{"class":95},[14,99581,99582],{},"This raises an error:",[53,99584,99585],{"className":55,"code":97096,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,99586,99587],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99588,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99590,1535],{"class":430},[62,99592,267],{"class":95},[62,99594,97107],{"class":68},[62,99596,1690],{"class":430},[62,99598,267],{"class":95},[62,99600,3498],{"class":76},[62,99602,8276],{"class":80},[62,99604,29861],{"class":76},[14,99606,1578],{},[53,99608,99610],{"className":55,"code":99609,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99611,99612],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99613,99614,99616,99618,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99615,99562],{"class":68},[62,99617,73],{"class":72},[62,99619,99620],{"class":95}," {{",[62,99622,259],{"class":76},[62,99624,329],{"class":80},[62,99626,259],{"class":76},[62,99628,267],{"class":95},[62,99630,77],{"class":76},[62,99632,218],{"class":80},[62,99634,259],{"class":76},[62,99636,99637],{"class":95},"}}\n",[14,99639,99640],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[48,99642,99644],{"id":99643},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1256,99646,99648],{"id":99647},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[53,99650,99652],{"className":55,"code":99651,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99653,99654,99678],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99655,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99657,225],{"class":68},[62,99659,73],{"class":72},[62,99661,256],{"class":95},[62,99663,499],{"class":99},[62,99665,103],{"class":95},[62,99667,284],{"class":99},[62,99669,103],{"class":95},[62,99671,508],{"class":99},[62,99673,103],{"class":95},[62,99675,2661],{"class":99},[62,99677,287],{"class":95},[62,99679,99680,99682,99684,99686],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99681,128],{"class":127},[62,99683,131],{"class":95},[62,99685,348],{"class":139},[62,99687,434],{"class":95},[1256,99689,99691],{"id":99690},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[53,99693,99695],{"className":55,"code":99694,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99696,99697,99725,99740,99744],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99698,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99700,90],{"class":68},[62,99702,73],{"class":72},[62,99704,96],{"class":95},[62,99706,499],{"class":99},[62,99708,103],{"class":95},[62,99710,270],{"class":99},[62,99712,103],{"class":95},[62,99714,284],{"class":99},[62,99716,103],{"class":95},[62,99718,508],{"class":99},[62,99720,103],{"class":95},[62,99722,508],{"class":99},[62,99724,114],{"class":95},[62,99726,99727,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99728,99729],{"class":68},"unique_items ",[62,99731,73],{"class":72},[62,99733,15800],{"class":430},[62,99735,131],{"class":95},[62,99737,161],{"class":139},[62,99739,434],{"class":95},[62,99741,99742],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,99743,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,99745,99746,99748,99750,99753],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,99747,128],{"class":127},[62,99749,131],{"class":95},[62,99751,99752],{"class":139},"unique_items",[62,99754,434],{"class":95},[1256,99756,99102],{"id":99757},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[53,99759,99761],{"className":55,"code":99760,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99762,99763,99781],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99764,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99766,36253],{"class":68},[62,99768,73],{"class":72},[62,99770,15800],{"class":430},[62,99772,131],{"class":95},[62,99774,259],{"class":76},[62,99776,910],{"class":80},[62,99778,259],{"class":76},[62,99780,434],{"class":95},[62,99782,99783,99785,99787,99789],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99784,128],{"class":127},[62,99786,131],{"class":95},[62,99788,582],{"class":139},[62,99790,434],{"class":95},[1256,99792,99794],{"id":99793},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[53,99796,99798],{"className":55,"code":99797,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99799,99800,99810],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99801,99802,99804,99806,99808],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99803,98240],{"class":68},[62,99805,73],{"class":72},[62,99807,15800],{"class":430},[62,99809,8822],{"class":95},[62,99811,99812,99814,99816,99818],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99813,128],{"class":127},[62,99815,131],{"class":95},[62,99817,98259],{"class":139},[62,99819,434],{"class":95},[48,99821,1824],{"id":1823},[14,99823,99824],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1256,99826,1834,99828,99830],{"id":99827},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99829,3995],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99832,99833],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[53,99835,99837],{"className":55,"code":99836,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99838,99839,99847],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99840,99841,99843,99845],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99842,1613],{"class":68},[62,99844,73],{"class":72},[62,99846,1206],{"class":95},[62,99848,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99850,128],{"class":127},[62,99852,131],{"class":95},[62,99854,1690],{"class":430},[62,99856,131],{"class":95},[62,99858,1632],{"class":139},[62,99860,1013],{"class":95},[14,99862,99863],{},"This prints:",[53,99865,99866],{"className":55,"code":8988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,99867,99868],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99869,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99871,3492],{"class":72},[62,99873,3495],{"class":2276},[62,99875,3498],{"class":76},[62,99877,9001],{"class":80},[62,99879,3503],{"class":76},[62,99881,3506],{"class":72},[14,99883,169,99884,6822],{},[18,99885,4000],{},[1256,99887,99889],{"id":99888},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99891,99892],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[53,99894,99896],{"className":55,"code":99895,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99897,99898,99926],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99899,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99901,225],{"class":68},[62,99903,73],{"class":72},[62,99905,256],{"class":95},[62,99907,499],{"class":99},[62,99909,103],{"class":95},[62,99911,270],{"class":99},[62,99913,103],{"class":95},[62,99915,284],{"class":99},[62,99917,103],{"class":95},[62,99919,284],{"class":99},[62,99921,103],{"class":95},[62,99923,508],{"class":99},[62,99925,287],{"class":95},[62,99927,99928,99930,99932,99934],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99929,128],{"class":127},[62,99931,131],{"class":95},[62,99933,348],{"class":139},[62,99935,434],{"class":95},[14,99937,99938],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1256,99940,99942],{"id":99941},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99944,99945],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99947,99948],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[53,99950,99952],{"className":55,"code":99951,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,99953,99954,99974],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99955,99956,99958,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968,99970,99972],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99957,225],{"class":68},[62,99959,73],{"class":72},[62,99961,256],{"class":95},[62,99963,100],{"class":99},[62,99965,103],{"class":95},[62,99967,106],{"class":99},[62,99969,103],{"class":95},[62,99971,111],{"class":99},[62,99973,287],{"class":95},[62,99975,99976],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,99977,99978],{"class":146},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99980,99981],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1256,99983,99985],{"id":99984},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99987,99988],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[53,99990,99992],{"className":55,"code":99991,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,99993,99994,99999],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,99995,99996],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,99997,99998],{"class":146},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[62,100000,100001],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,100002,100003],{"class":146},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100005,100006,100007,409],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,100008,1535],{},[1256,100010,100012],{"id":100011},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100014,100015],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[53,100017,100019],{"className":55,"code":100018,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,100020,100021,100041,100073,100077,100091],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100022,100023,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100024,15795],{"class":68},[62,100026,73],{"class":72},[62,100028,256],{"class":95},[62,100030,499],{"class":99},[62,100032,103],{"class":95},[62,100034,284],{"class":99},[62,100036,103],{"class":95},[62,100038,508],{"class":99},[62,100040,287],{"class":95},[62,100042,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,100044,11895],{"class":68},[62,100046,73],{"class":72},[62,100048,256],{"class":95},[62,100050,259],{"class":76},[62,100052,262],{"class":80},[62,100054,259],{"class":76},[62,100056,267],{"class":95},[62,100058,270],{"class":99},[62,100060,103],{"class":95},[62,100062,77],{"class":76},[62,100064,277],{"class":80},[62,100066,259],{"class":76},[62,100068,267],{"class":95},[62,100070,284],{"class":99},[62,100072,287],{"class":95},[62,100074,100075],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,100076,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,100078,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,100080,128],{"class":127},[62,100082,131],{"class":95},[62,100084,1690],{"class":430},[62,100086,131],{"class":95},[62,100088,15833],{"class":139},[62,100090,1013],{"class":95},[62,100092,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,100094,128],{"class":127},[62,100096,131],{"class":95},[62,100098,1690],{"class":430},[62,100100,131],{"class":95},[62,100102,11622],{"class":139},[62,100104,1013],{"class":95},[48,100106,92733],{"id":92732},[14,100108,100109],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[53,100111,100113],{"className":55,"code":100112,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,100114,100115,100141,100145,100159,100169,100183,100190],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100116,100117,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137,100139],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100118,15795],{"class":68},[62,100120,73],{"class":72},[62,100122,15800],{"class":430},[62,100124,496],{"class":95},[62,100126,499],{"class":99},[62,100128,103],{"class":95},[62,100130,284],{"class":99},[62,100132,103],{"class":95},[62,100134,284],{"class":99},[62,100136,103],{"class":95},[62,100138,508],{"class":99},[62,100140,4088],{"class":95},[62,100142,100143],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,100144,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,100146,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,100148,128],{"class":127},[62,100150,131],{"class":95},[62,100152,1690],{"class":430},[62,100154,131],{"class":95},[62,100156,15833],{"class":139},[62,100158,1013],{"class":95},[62,100160,100161,100163,100165,100167],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,100162,128],{"class":127},[62,100164,131],{"class":95},[62,100166,15833],{"class":139},[62,100168,434],{"class":95},[62,100170,100171,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,100172,128],{"class":127},[62,100174,131],{"class":95},[62,100176,134],{"class":127},[62,100178,131],{"class":95},[62,100180,15833],{"class":139},[62,100182,1013],{"class":95},[62,100184,100185,100187],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,100186,128],{"class":127},[62,100188,100189],{"class":95},"({})\n",[62,100191,100192,100194,100196,100198],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,100193,128],{"class":127},[62,100195,131],{"class":95},[62,100197,6482],{"class":430},[62,100199,7385],{"class":95},[14,100201,100202],{},"Use these to confirm:",[29,100204,100205,100208,100211,100214],{},[32,100206,100207],{},"The object type",[32,100209,100210],{},"The actual values stored",[32,100212,100213],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[32,100215,100216,100217,1940,100219],{},"The difference between ",[18,100218,3995],{},[18,100220,4000],{},[48,100222,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,100224,100226],{"id":100225},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100228,100229,100230,100233,100234,100236],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100231,100232],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,100235,4000],{}," with another iterable.",[1256,100238,100240],{"id":100239},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100242,169,100243,100245,100246,100248],{},[18,100244,4000],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100247,3995],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1256,100250,100252],{"id":100251},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100254,100255],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1256,100257,100259],{"id":100258},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100261,100262],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1256,100264,100266],{"id":100265},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100268,100269],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[48,100271,2109],{"id":2108},[29,100273,100274,100278,100284,100290,100295],{},[32,100275,100276],{},[262,100277,96278],{"href":97449},[32,100279,100280],{},[262,100281,3779,100282,10912],{"href":98450},[18,100283,96158],{},[32,100285,100286],{},[262,100287,3779,100288,10912],{"href":98469},[18,100289,97264],{},[32,100291,100292],{},[262,100293,100294],{"href":99027},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[32,100296,100297],{},[262,100298,100299],{"href":98741},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100301,100302],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2145,100304,100305],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":100307},[100308,100309,100310,100311,100314,100320,100324,100325,100326,100332,100340,100341,100348],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":15329,"depth":87,"text":15330},{"id":98713,"depth":87,"text":98714},{"id":98745,"depth":87,"text":98746,"children":100312},[100313],{"id":98814,"depth":117,"text":98815},{"id":98918,"depth":87,"text":100315,"children":100316},"Create a set with set()",[100317,100318,100319],{"id":98943,"depth":117,"text":98944},{"id":99031,"depth":117,"text":99032},{"id":99101,"depth":117,"text":99102},{"id":99186,"depth":87,"text":99187,"children":100321},[100322],{"id":99263,"depth":117,"text":100323},"Do not use {}",{"id":72215,"depth":87,"text":72216},{"id":99471,"depth":87,"text":99472},{"id":99643,"depth":87,"text":99644,"children":100327},[100328,100329,100330,100331],{"id":99647,"depth":117,"text":99648},{"id":99690,"depth":117,"text":99691},{"id":99757,"depth":117,"text":99102},{"id":99793,"depth":117,"text":99794},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":100333},[100334,100336,100337,100338,100339],{"id":99827,"depth":117,"text":100335},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99888,"depth":117,"text":99889},{"id":99941,"depth":117,"text":99942},{"id":99984,"depth":117,"text":99985},{"id":100011,"depth":117,"text":100012},{"id":92732,"depth":87,"text":92733},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":100342},[100343,100344,100345,100346,100347],{"id":100225,"depth":117,"text":100226},{"id":100239,"depth":117,"text":100240},{"id":100251,"depth":117,"text":100252},{"id":100258,"depth":117,"text":100259},{"id":100265,"depth":117,"text":100266},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98516,"description":100349},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100355,"title":100356,"body":100357,"description":102788,"extension":2174,"meta":102789,"navigation":120,"path":102790,"seo":102791,"stem":102792,"__hash__":102793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100358,"toc":102753},[100359,100365,100371,100374,100376,100453,100455,100472,100482,100484,100489,100497,100499,100515,100519,100521,100523,100526,100547,100550,100574,100580,100582,100679,100681,100698,100708,100710,100712,100720,100722,100733,100735,100826,100828,100852,100863,100865,100867,100870,101000,101002,101075,101077,101098,101101,101103,101109,101114,101117,101244,101246,101263,101266,101268,101276,101279,101283,101291,101382,101384,101421,101426,101433,101510,101512,101528,101533,101538,101540,101549,101557,101638,101640,101669,101672,101676,101687,101690,101773,101775,101796,101802,101804,101806,101810,101814,101821,101886,101888,101908,101911,101980,101982,101998,102002,102008,102020,102028,102030,102115,102117,102146,102149,102153,102158,102160,102210,102213,102294,102296,102312,102316,102319,102394,102397,102401,102404,102481,102483,102516,102522,102526,102529,102664,102666,102680,102682,102684,102690,102693,102700,102708,102714,102717,102721,102724,102726,102728,102750],[10,100360,96150,100362,11494],{"id":100361},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100363,100364],{},"difference()",[14,100366,100367,100370],{},[18,100368,100369],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100372,100373],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[48,100375,3813],{"id":3812},[53,100377,100379],{"className":55,"code":100378,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100380,100381,100405,100425,100443],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100382,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100384,2758],{"class":68},[62,100386,73],{"class":72},[62,100388,256],{"class":95},[62,100390,499],{"class":99},[62,100392,103],{"class":95},[62,100394,284],{"class":99},[62,100396,103],{"class":95},[62,100398,508],{"class":99},[62,100400,103],{"class":95},[62,100402,2661],{"class":99},[62,100404,287],{"class":95},[62,100406,100407,100409,100411,100413,100415,100417,100419,100421,100423],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,100408,2786],{"class":68},[62,100410,73],{"class":72},[62,100412,256],{"class":95},[62,100414,2273],{"class":99},[62,100416,103],{"class":95},[62,100418,2661],{"class":99},[62,100420,103],{"class":95},[62,100422,4804],{"class":99},[62,100424,287],{"class":95},[62,100426,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,100428,2435],{"class":68},[62,100430,73],{"class":72},[62,100432,56832],{"class":68},[62,100434,409],{"class":95},[62,100436,3016],{"class":139},[62,100438,131],{"class":95},[62,100440,277],{"class":139},[62,100442,434],{"class":95},[62,100444,100445,100447,100449,100451],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,100446,128],{"class":127},[62,100448,131],{"class":95},[62,100450,2470],{"class":139},[62,100452,434],{"class":95},[14,100454,2282],{},[53,100456,100458],{"className":55,"code":100457,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100459,100460],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100461,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100463,9452],{"class":95},[62,100465,499],{"class":99},[62,100467,103],{"class":95},[62,100469,284],{"class":99},[62,100471,287],{"class":95},[14,100473,100474,100476,100477,100479,100480,409],{},[18,100475,100364],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100478,262],{}," that are not in ",[18,100481,277],{},[45068,100483],{},[48,100485,3879,100487,3882],{"id":100486},"what-difference-does",[18,100488,100364],{},[14,100490,2191,100491,100493,100494,100496],{},[18,100492,100364],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3946,100495,4830],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100498,13222],{},[29,100500,100501,100506,100509,100512],{},[32,100502,100503,100505],{},[18,100504,100364],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[32,100507,100508],{},"It creates a new set",[32,100510,100511],{},"It does not change the original set",[32,100513,100514],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100516,96274,100517,409],{},[262,100518,96278],{"href":97449},[45068,100520],{},[48,100522,413],{"id":412},[14,100524,100525],{},"Use this form:",[53,100527,100529],{"className":55,"code":100528,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100530,100531],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100532,100533,100536,100538,100540,100542,100545],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100534,100535],{"class":68},"set1",[62,100537,409],{"class":95},[62,100539,3016],{"class":139},[62,100541,131],{"class":95},[62,100543,100544],{"class":139},"set2",[62,100546,434],{"class":95},[14,100548,100549],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[53,100551,100553],{"className":55,"code":100552,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100554,100555],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100556,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100572],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100558,100535],{"class":68},[62,100560,409],{"class":95},[62,100562,3016],{"class":139},[62,100564,131],{"class":95},[62,100566,100544],{"class":139},[62,100568,103],{"class":95},[62,100570,100571],{"class":139}," set3",[62,100573,434],{"class":95},[14,100575,100576,100577,100579],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3946,100578,5553],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100581,201],{},[53,100583,100585],{"className":55,"code":100584,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100586,100587,100615,100631,100643,100647,100669],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100588,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100590,2758],{"class":68},[62,100592,73],{"class":72},[62,100594,256],{"class":95},[62,100596,499],{"class":99},[62,100598,103],{"class":95},[62,100600,284],{"class":99},[62,100602,103],{"class":95},[62,100604,508],{"class":99},[62,100606,103],{"class":95},[62,100608,2661],{"class":99},[62,100610,103],{"class":95},[62,100612,4804],{"class":99},[62,100614,287],{"class":95},[62,100616,100617,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,100618,2786],{"class":68},[62,100620,73],{"class":72},[62,100622,256],{"class":95},[62,100624,1935],{"class":99},[62,100626,103],{"class":95},[62,100628,508],{"class":99},[62,100630,287],{"class":95},[62,100632,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,100634,83133],{"class":68},[62,100636,73],{"class":72},[62,100638,256],{"class":95},[62,100640,299],{"class":99},[62,100642,287],{"class":95},[62,100644,100645],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,100646,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,100648,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,100650,2435],{"class":68},[62,100652,73],{"class":72},[62,100654,56832],{"class":68},[62,100656,409],{"class":95},[62,100658,3016],{"class":139},[62,100660,131],{"class":95},[62,100662,277],{"class":139},[62,100664,103],{"class":95},[62,100666,9854],{"class":139},[62,100668,434],{"class":95},[62,100670,100671,100673,100675,100677],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,100672,128],{"class":127},[62,100674,131],{"class":95},[62,100676,2470],{"class":139},[62,100678,434],{"class":95},[14,100680,2282],{},[53,100682,100684],{"className":55,"code":100683,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100685,100686],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100687,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100689,9452],{"class":95},[62,100691,499],{"class":99},[62,100693,103],{"class":95},[62,100695,2661],{"class":99},[62,100697,287],{"class":95},[14,100699,100700,100701,100703,100704,2022,100706,409],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100702,262],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100705,277],{},[18,100707,9912],{},[45068,100709],{},[48,100711,17584],{"id":17583},[14,100713,100714,100716,100717,409],{},[18,100715,100364],{}," always returns a ",[3946,100718,100719],{},"new set",[14,100721,43801],{},[29,100723,100724,100727,100730],{},[32,100725,100726],{},"The return value is a new set",[32,100728,100729],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[32,100731,100732],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100734,201],{},[53,100736,100738],{"className":55,"code":100737,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100739,100740,100756,100776,100780,100798,100802,100812],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100741,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100743,2758],{"class":68},[62,100745,73],{"class":72},[62,100747,256],{"class":95},[62,100749,499],{"class":99},[62,100751,103],{"class":95},[62,100753,284],{"class":99},[62,100755,287],{"class":95},[62,100757,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,100759,2786],{"class":68},[62,100761,73],{"class":72},[62,100763,256],{"class":95},[62,100765,499],{"class":99},[62,100767,103],{"class":95},[62,100769,284],{"class":99},[62,100771,103],{"class":95},[62,100773,508],{"class":99},[62,100775,287],{"class":95},[62,100777,100778],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,100779,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,100781,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,100783,2435],{"class":68},[62,100785,73],{"class":72},[62,100787,56832],{"class":68},[62,100789,409],{"class":95},[62,100791,3016],{"class":139},[62,100793,131],{"class":95},[62,100795,277],{"class":139},[62,100797,434],{"class":95},[62,100799,100800],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,100801,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,100803,100804,100806,100808,100810],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,100805,128],{"class":127},[62,100807,131],{"class":95},[62,100809,2470],{"class":139},[62,100811,434],{"class":95},[62,100813,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,100815,128],{"class":127},[62,100817,131],{"class":95},[62,100819,1690],{"class":430},[62,100821,131],{"class":95},[62,100823,2470],{"class":139},[62,100825,1013],{"class":95},[14,100827,2282],{},[53,100829,100830],{"className":55,"code":99238,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,100831,100832,100838],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100833,100834,100836],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100835,6482],{"class":430},[62,100837,8822],{"class":95},[62,100839,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,100841,3492],{"class":72},[62,100843,3495],{"class":2276},[62,100845,3498],{"class":76},[62,100847,6482],{"class":80},[62,100849,3503],{"class":76},[62,100851,3506],{"class":72},[14,100853,100854,100855,19127,100857,100859,100860,100862],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,100856,4000],{},[18,100858,3995],{},". In Python, ",[18,100861,3995],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45068,100864],{},[48,100866,11648],{"id":11647},[14,100868,100869],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[53,100871,100873],{"className":55,"code":100872,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,100874,100875,100908,100941,100945,100965,100969,100979,100990],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,100876,100877,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,100878,100879],{"class":68},"fruits_a ",[62,100881,73],{"class":72},[62,100883,256],{"class":95},[62,100885,259],{"class":76},[62,100887,901],{"class":80},[62,100889,259],{"class":76},[62,100891,103],{"class":95},[62,100893,77],{"class":76},[62,100895,910],{"class":80},[62,100897,259],{"class":76},[62,100899,103],{"class":95},[62,100901,77],{"class":76},[62,100903,33383],{"class":80},[62,100905,259],{"class":76},[62,100907,287],{"class":95},[62,100909,100910,100913,100915,100917,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,100911,100912],{"class":68},"fruits_b ",[62,100914,73],{"class":72},[62,100916,256],{"class":95},[62,100918,259],{"class":76},[62,100920,910],{"class":80},[62,100922,259],{"class":76},[62,100924,103],{"class":95},[62,100926,77],{"class":76},[62,100928,33383],{"class":80},[62,100930,259],{"class":76},[62,100932,103],{"class":95},[62,100934,77],{"class":76},[62,100936,22694],{"class":80},[62,100938,259],{"class":76},[62,100940,287],{"class":95},[62,100942,100943],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,100944,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,100946,100947,100949,100951,100954,100956,100958,100960,100963],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,100948,2435],{"class":68},[62,100950,73],{"class":72},[62,100952,100953],{"class":68}," fruits_a",[62,100955,409],{"class":95},[62,100957,3016],{"class":139},[62,100959,131],{"class":95},[62,100961,100962],{"class":139},"fruits_b",[62,100964,434],{"class":95},[62,100966,100967],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,100968,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,100970,100971,100973,100975,100977],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,100972,128],{"class":127},[62,100974,131],{"class":95},[62,100976,2470],{"class":139},[62,100978,434],{"class":95},[62,100980,100981,100983,100985,100988],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,100982,128],{"class":127},[62,100984,131],{"class":95},[62,100986,100987],{"class":139},"fruits_a",[62,100989,434],{"class":95},[62,100991,100992,100994,100996,100998],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,100993,128],{"class":127},[62,100995,131],{"class":95},[62,100997,100962],{"class":139},[62,100999,434],{"class":95},[14,101001,30191],{},[53,101003,101005],{"className":55,"code":101004,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,101006,101007,101019,101047],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101008,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101010,9452],{"class":95},[62,101012,3503],{"class":76},[62,101014,901],{"class":80},[62,101016,3503],{"class":76},[62,101018,287],{"class":95},[62,101020,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101022,9452],{"class":95},[62,101024,3503],{"class":76},[62,101026,910],{"class":80},[62,101028,3503],{"class":76},[62,101030,103],{"class":95},[62,101032,3498],{"class":76},[62,101034,33383],{"class":80},[62,101036,3503],{"class":76},[62,101038,103],{"class":95},[62,101040,3498],{"class":76},[62,101042,901],{"class":80},[62,101044,3503],{"class":76},[62,101046,287],{"class":95},[62,101048,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,101050,9452],{"class":95},[62,101052,3503],{"class":76},[62,101054,910],{"class":80},[62,101056,3503],{"class":76},[62,101058,103],{"class":95},[62,101060,3498],{"class":76},[62,101062,33383],{"class":80},[62,101064,3503],{"class":76},[62,101066,103],{"class":95},[62,101068,3498],{"class":76},[62,101070,22694],{"class":80},[62,101072,3503],{"class":76},[62,101074,287],{"class":95},[14,101076,11854],{},[29,101078,101079,101084,101089,101095],{},[32,101080,101081,101082],{},"Start with ",[18,101083,100987],{},[32,101085,101086,101087],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,101088,100962],{},[32,101090,101091,101092,101094],{},"Only ",[18,101093,57778],{}," remains",[32,101096,101097],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101099,101100],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45068,101102],{},[48,101104,1834,101106,101108],{"id":101105},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,101107,100364],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101110,101111,101112,409],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,101113,100364],{},[14,101115,101116],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[53,101118,101120],{"className":55,"code":101119,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,101121,101122,101154,101171,101184,101201,101205,101234],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101123,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142,101144,101146,101148,101150,101152],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101125,225],{"class":68},[62,101127,73],{"class":72},[62,101129,256],{"class":95},[62,101131,499],{"class":99},[62,101133,103],{"class":95},[62,101135,284],{"class":99},[62,101137,103],{"class":95},[62,101139,508],{"class":99},[62,101141,103],{"class":95},[62,101143,2661],{"class":99},[62,101145,103],{"class":95},[62,101147,4804],{"class":99},[62,101149,103],{"class":95},[62,101151,304],{"class":99},[62,101153,287],{"class":95},[62,101155,101156,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101157,101158],{"class":68},"group_a ",[62,101160,73],{"class":72},[62,101162,256],{"class":95},[62,101164,1935],{"class":99},[62,101166,103],{"class":95},[62,101168,2661],{"class":99},[62,101170,287],{"class":95},[62,101172,101173,101176,101178,101180,101182],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,101174,101175],{"class":68},"group_b ",[62,101177,73],{"class":72},[62,101179,256],{"class":95},[62,101181,299],{"class":99},[62,101183,287],{"class":95},[62,101185,101186,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,101187,101188],{"class":68},"group_c ",[62,101190,73],{"class":72},[62,101192,256],{"class":95},[62,101194,80541],{"class":99},[62,101196,103],{"class":95},[62,101198,309],{"class":99},[62,101200,287],{"class":95},[62,101202,101203],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,101204,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101206,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219,101222,101224,101227,101229,101232],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,101208,2435],{"class":68},[62,101210,73],{"class":72},[62,101212,4462],{"class":68},[62,101214,409],{"class":95},[62,101216,3016],{"class":139},[62,101218,131],{"class":95},[62,101220,101221],{"class":139},"group_a",[62,101223,103],{"class":95},[62,101225,101226],{"class":139}," group_b",[62,101228,103],{"class":95},[62,101230,101231],{"class":139}," group_c",[62,101233,434],{"class":95},[62,101235,101236,101238,101240,101242],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,101237,128],{"class":127},[62,101239,131],{"class":95},[62,101241,2470],{"class":139},[62,101243,434],{"class":95},[14,101245,2282],{},[53,101247,101249],{"className":55,"code":101248,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101250,101251],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101252,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101254,9452],{"class":95},[62,101256,499],{"class":99},[62,101258,103],{"class":95},[62,101260,508],{"class":99},[62,101262,287],{"class":95},[14,101264,101265],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45068,101267],{},[48,101269,101271,10756,101273],{"id":101270},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101272,100364],{},[18,101274,101275],{},"difference_update()",[14,101277,101278],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1256,101280,101281],{"id":3016},[18,101282,100364],{},[29,101284,101285,101288],{},[32,101286,101287],{},"Returns a new set",[32,101289,101290],{},"Does not change the original set",[53,101292,101294],{"className":55,"code":101293,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101295,101296,101320,101336,101340,101358,101362,101372],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101297,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101299,2758],{"class":68},[62,101301,73],{"class":72},[62,101303,256],{"class":95},[62,101305,499],{"class":99},[62,101307,103],{"class":95},[62,101309,284],{"class":99},[62,101311,103],{"class":95},[62,101313,508],{"class":99},[62,101315,103],{"class":95},[62,101317,2661],{"class":99},[62,101319,287],{"class":95},[62,101321,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101323,2786],{"class":68},[62,101325,73],{"class":72},[62,101327,256],{"class":95},[62,101329,2273],{"class":99},[62,101331,103],{"class":95},[62,101333,2661],{"class":99},[62,101335,287],{"class":95},[62,101337,101338],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,101339,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101341,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,101343,2435],{"class":68},[62,101345,73],{"class":72},[62,101347,56832],{"class":68},[62,101349,409],{"class":95},[62,101351,3016],{"class":139},[62,101353,131],{"class":95},[62,101355,277],{"class":139},[62,101357,434],{"class":95},[62,101359,101360],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,101361,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101363,101364,101366,101368,101370],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,101365,128],{"class":127},[62,101367,131],{"class":95},[62,101369,2470],{"class":139},[62,101371,434],{"class":95},[62,101373,101374,101376,101378,101380],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,101375,128],{"class":127},[62,101377,131],{"class":95},[62,101379,262],{"class":139},[62,101381,434],{"class":95},[14,101383,2282],{},[53,101385,101387],{"className":55,"code":101386,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101388,101389,101401],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101390,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101392,9452],{"class":95},[62,101394,499],{"class":99},[62,101396,103],{"class":95},[62,101398,284],{"class":99},[62,101400,287],{"class":95},[62,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101404,9452],{"class":95},[62,101406,499],{"class":99},[62,101408,103],{"class":95},[62,101410,284],{"class":99},[62,101412,103],{"class":95},[62,101414,508],{"class":99},[62,101416,103],{"class":95},[62,101418,2661],{"class":99},[62,101420,287],{"class":95},[1256,101422,101424],{"id":101423},"difference_update",[18,101425,101275],{},[29,101427,101428,101431],{},[32,101429,101430],{},"Changes the original set",[32,101432,96268],{},[53,101434,101436],{"className":55,"code":101435,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101437,101438,101462,101478,101482,101496,101500],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101439,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101441,2758],{"class":68},[62,101443,73],{"class":72},[62,101445,256],{"class":95},[62,101447,499],{"class":99},[62,101449,103],{"class":95},[62,101451,284],{"class":99},[62,101453,103],{"class":95},[62,101455,508],{"class":99},[62,101457,103],{"class":95},[62,101459,2661],{"class":99},[62,101461,287],{"class":95},[62,101463,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472,101474,101476],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101465,2786],{"class":68},[62,101467,73],{"class":72},[62,101469,256],{"class":95},[62,101471,2273],{"class":99},[62,101473,103],{"class":95},[62,101475,2661],{"class":99},[62,101477,287],{"class":95},[62,101479,101480],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,101481,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101483,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,101485,262],{"class":68},[62,101487,409],{"class":95},[62,101489,101423],{"class":139},[62,101491,131],{"class":95},[62,101493,277],{"class":139},[62,101495,434],{"class":95},[62,101497,101498],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,101499,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101501,101502,101504,101506,101508],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,101503,128],{"class":127},[62,101505,131],{"class":95},[62,101507,262],{"class":139},[62,101509,434],{"class":95},[14,101511,2282],{},[53,101513,101514],{"className":55,"code":100457,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,101515,101516],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101517,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101519,9452],{"class":95},[62,101521,499],{"class":99},[62,101523,103],{"class":95},[62,101525,284],{"class":99},[62,101527,287],{"class":95},[14,101529,169,101530,101532],{},[18,101531,100364],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101534,101535,101536,33763],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101537,101275],{},[45068,101539],{},[48,101541,101543,101545,101546,101548],{"id":101542},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101544,100364],{}," vs the ",[18,101547,2233],{}," operator",[14,101550,2191,101551,101553,101554,101556],{},[18,101552,2233],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101555,100364],{}," for two sets.",[53,101558,101560],{"className":55,"code":101559,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101561,101562,101586,101602,101606,101624],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101563,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101565,2758],{"class":68},[62,101567,73],{"class":72},[62,101569,256],{"class":95},[62,101571,499],{"class":99},[62,101573,103],{"class":95},[62,101575,284],{"class":99},[62,101577,103],{"class":95},[62,101579,508],{"class":99},[62,101581,103],{"class":95},[62,101583,2661],{"class":99},[62,101585,287],{"class":95},[62,101587,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101589,2786],{"class":68},[62,101591,73],{"class":72},[62,101593,256],{"class":95},[62,101595,2273],{"class":99},[62,101597,103],{"class":95},[62,101599,2661],{"class":99},[62,101601,287],{"class":95},[62,101603,101604],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,101605,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101607,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,101609,128],{"class":127},[62,101611,131],{"class":95},[62,101613,262],{"class":139},[62,101615,409],{"class":95},[62,101617,3016],{"class":139},[62,101619,131],{"class":95},[62,101621,277],{"class":139},[62,101623,1013],{"class":95},[62,101625,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634,101636],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,101627,128],{"class":127},[62,101629,131],{"class":95},[62,101631,2758],{"class":139},[62,101633,2233],{"class":72},[62,101635,2763],{"class":139},[62,101637,434],{"class":95},[14,101639,2282],{},[53,101641,101643],{"className":55,"code":101642,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101644,101645,101657],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101646,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101648,9452],{"class":95},[62,101650,499],{"class":99},[62,101652,103],{"class":95},[62,101654,284],{"class":99},[62,101656,287],{"class":95},[62,101658,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101660,9452],{"class":95},[62,101662,499],{"class":99},[62,101664,103],{"class":95},[62,101666,284],{"class":99},[62,101668,287],{"class":95},[14,101670,101671],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101673,94538,101674,632],{},[18,101675,100364],{},[29,101677,101678,101681,101684],{},[32,101679,101680],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[32,101682,101683],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[32,101685,101686],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101688,101689],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[53,101691,101693],{"className":55,"code":101692,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101694,101695,101723,101735,101747,101751],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101696,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101698,2758],{"class":68},[62,101700,73],{"class":72},[62,101702,256],{"class":95},[62,101704,499],{"class":99},[62,101706,103],{"class":95},[62,101708,284],{"class":99},[62,101710,103],{"class":95},[62,101712,508],{"class":99},[62,101714,103],{"class":95},[62,101716,2661],{"class":99},[62,101718,103],{"class":95},[62,101720,4804],{"class":99},[62,101722,287],{"class":95},[62,101724,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101726,2786],{"class":68},[62,101728,73],{"class":72},[62,101730,256],{"class":95},[62,101732,1935],{"class":99},[62,101734,287],{"class":95},[62,101736,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,101738,83133],{"class":68},[62,101740,73],{"class":72},[62,101742,256],{"class":95},[62,101744,2708],{"class":99},[62,101746,287],{"class":95},[62,101748,101749],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,101750,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101752,101753,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,101754,128],{"class":127},[62,101756,131],{"class":95},[62,101758,262],{"class":139},[62,101760,409],{"class":95},[62,101762,3016],{"class":139},[62,101764,131],{"class":95},[62,101766,277],{"class":139},[62,101768,103],{"class":95},[62,101770,9854],{"class":139},[62,101772,1013],{"class":95},[14,101774,2282],{},[53,101776,101778],{"className":55,"code":101777,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101779,101780],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101781,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101783,9452],{"class":95},[62,101785,499],{"class":99},[62,101787,103],{"class":95},[62,101789,508],{"class":99},[62,101791,103],{"class":95},[62,101793,4804],{"class":99},[62,101795,287],{"class":95},[14,101797,101798,101799,101801],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101800,2233],{}," operator expression.",[45068,101803],{},[48,101805,4718],{"id":4717},[14,101807,21374,101808,409],{},[18,101809,100364],{},[1256,101811,101813],{"id":101812},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101815,4827,101816,101818,101819,267],{},[3946,101817,4830],{}," change ",[18,101820,262],{},[53,101822,101824],{"className":55,"code":101823,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101825,101826,101846,101858,101862,101876],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101827,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101829,2758],{"class":68},[62,101831,73],{"class":72},[62,101833,256],{"class":95},[62,101835,499],{"class":99},[62,101837,103],{"class":95},[62,101839,284],{"class":99},[62,101841,103],{"class":95},[62,101843,508],{"class":99},[62,101845,287],{"class":95},[62,101847,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101849,2786],{"class":68},[62,101851,73],{"class":72},[62,101853,256],{"class":95},[62,101855,2273],{"class":99},[62,101857,287],{"class":95},[62,101859,101860],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,101861,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101863,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,101865,262],{"class":68},[62,101867,409],{"class":95},[62,101869,3016],{"class":139},[62,101871,131],{"class":95},[62,101873,277],{"class":139},[62,101875,434],{"class":95},[62,101877,101878,101880,101882,101884],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,101879,128],{"class":127},[62,101881,131],{"class":95},[62,101883,262],{"class":139},[62,101885,434],{"class":95},[14,101887,2282],{},[53,101889,101890],{"className":55,"code":96557,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,101891,101892],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101893,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101895,9452],{"class":95},[62,101897,499],{"class":99},[62,101899,103],{"class":95},[62,101901,284],{"class":99},[62,101903,103],{"class":95},[62,101905,508],{"class":99},[62,101907,287],{"class":95},[14,101909,101910],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[53,101912,101914],{"className":55,"code":101913,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101915,101916,101936,101948,101952,101970],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101917,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101919,2758],{"class":68},[62,101921,73],{"class":72},[62,101923,256],{"class":95},[62,101925,499],{"class":99},[62,101927,103],{"class":95},[62,101929,284],{"class":99},[62,101931,103],{"class":95},[62,101933,508],{"class":99},[62,101935,287],{"class":95},[62,101937,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,101939,2786],{"class":68},[62,101941,73],{"class":72},[62,101943,256],{"class":95},[62,101945,2273],{"class":99},[62,101947,287],{"class":95},[62,101949,101950],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,101951,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,101955,2758],{"class":68},[62,101957,73],{"class":72},[62,101959,56832],{"class":68},[62,101961,409],{"class":95},[62,101963,3016],{"class":139},[62,101965,131],{"class":95},[62,101967,277],{"class":139},[62,101969,434],{"class":95},[62,101971,101972,101974,101976,101978],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,101973,128],{"class":127},[62,101975,131],{"class":95},[62,101977,262],{"class":139},[62,101979,434],{"class":95},[14,101981,2282],{},[53,101983,101984],{"className":55,"code":100457,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,101985,101986],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,101989,9452],{"class":95},[62,101991,499],{"class":99},[62,101993,103],{"class":95},[62,101995,284],{"class":99},[62,101997,287],{"class":95},[1256,101999,102001],{"id":102000},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102003,102004,102007],{},[18,102005,102006],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[29,102009,102010,102015],{},[32,102011,102012,102013],{},"keep items from ",[18,102014,262],{},[32,102016,102017,102018],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,102019,277],{},[14,102021,41059,102022,102024,102025,102027],{},[3946,102023,4830],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,102026,277],{},"”.",[14,102029,201],{},[53,102031,102033],{"className":55,"code":102032,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,102034,102035,102055,102075,102079,102097],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102036,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102038,2758],{"class":68},[62,102040,73],{"class":72},[62,102042,256],{"class":95},[62,102044,499],{"class":99},[62,102046,103],{"class":95},[62,102048,284],{"class":99},[62,102050,103],{"class":95},[62,102052,508],{"class":99},[62,102054,287],{"class":95},[62,102056,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102058,2786],{"class":68},[62,102060,73],{"class":72},[62,102062,256],{"class":95},[62,102064,2273],{"class":99},[62,102066,103],{"class":95},[62,102068,2661],{"class":99},[62,102070,103],{"class":95},[62,102072,4804],{"class":99},[62,102074,287],{"class":95},[62,102076,102077],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,102078,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,102080,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,102082,128],{"class":127},[62,102084,131],{"class":95},[62,102086,262],{"class":139},[62,102088,409],{"class":95},[62,102090,3016],{"class":139},[62,102092,131],{"class":95},[62,102094,277],{"class":139},[62,102096,1013],{"class":95},[62,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,102100,128],{"class":127},[62,102102,131],{"class":95},[62,102104,277],{"class":139},[62,102106,409],{"class":95},[62,102108,3016],{"class":139},[62,102110,131],{"class":95},[62,102112,262],{"class":139},[62,102114,1013],{"class":95},[14,102116,2282],{},[53,102118,102120],{"className":55,"code":102119,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,102121,102122,102134],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102123,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102125,9452],{"class":95},[62,102127,499],{"class":99},[62,102129,103],{"class":95},[62,102131,284],{"class":99},[62,102133,287],{"class":95},[62,102135,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102137,9452],{"class":95},[62,102139,2708],{"class":99},[62,102141,103],{"class":95},[62,102143,4804],{"class":99},[62,102145,287],{"class":95},[14,102147,102148],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1256,102150,102152],{"id":102151},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102154,102155,102157],{},[18,102156,100364],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102159,55263],{},[53,102161,102163],{"className":55,"code":102162,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,102164,102165,102185,102201,102205],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102166,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102168,2758],{"class":68},[62,102170,73],{"class":72},[62,102172,96],{"class":95},[62,102174,499],{"class":99},[62,102176,103],{"class":95},[62,102178,284],{"class":99},[62,102180,103],{"class":95},[62,102182,508],{"class":99},[62,102184,114],{"class":95},[62,102186,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102188,2786],{"class":68},[62,102190,73],{"class":72},[62,102192,96],{"class":95},[62,102194,2273],{"class":99},[62,102196,103],{"class":95},[62,102198,2661],{"class":99},[62,102200,114],{"class":95},[62,102202,102203],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,102204,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,102206,102207],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,102208,102209],{"class":146},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102211,102212],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[53,102214,102216],{"className":55,"code":102215,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,102217,102218,102238,102254,102258,102284],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102219,102220,102222,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102221,2758],{"class":68},[62,102223,73],{"class":72},[62,102225,96],{"class":95},[62,102227,499],{"class":99},[62,102229,103],{"class":95},[62,102231,284],{"class":99},[62,102233,103],{"class":95},[62,102235,508],{"class":99},[62,102237,114],{"class":95},[62,102239,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102241,2786],{"class":68},[62,102243,73],{"class":72},[62,102245,96],{"class":95},[62,102247,2273],{"class":99},[62,102249,103],{"class":95},[62,102251,2661],{"class":99},[62,102253,114],{"class":95},[62,102255,102256],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,102257,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,102259,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,102261,2435],{"class":68},[62,102263,73],{"class":72},[62,102265,15800],{"class":430},[62,102267,131],{"class":95},[62,102269,262],{"class":139},[62,102271,8810],{"class":95},[62,102273,3016],{"class":139},[62,102275,131],{"class":95},[62,102277,6482],{"class":430},[62,102279,131],{"class":95},[62,102281,277],{"class":139},[62,102283,1013],{"class":95},[62,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,102287,128],{"class":127},[62,102289,131],{"class":95},[62,102291,2470],{"class":139},[62,102293,434],{"class":95},[14,102295,2282],{},[53,102297,102298],{"className":55,"code":100457,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,102299,102300],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102301,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102303,9452],{"class":95},[62,102305,499],{"class":99},[62,102307,103],{"class":95},[62,102309,284],{"class":99},[62,102311,287],{"class":95},[1256,102313,102315],{"id":102314},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102317,102318],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[53,102320,102322],{"className":55,"code":102321,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102323,102324,102356,102372,102376],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102325,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102327,2758],{"class":68},[62,102329,73],{"class":72},[62,102331,256],{"class":95},[62,102333,259],{"class":76},[62,102335,37209],{"class":80},[62,102337,259],{"class":76},[62,102339,103],{"class":95},[62,102341,77],{"class":76},[62,102343,58072],{"class":80},[62,102345,259],{"class":76},[62,102347,103],{"class":95},[62,102349,77],{"class":76},[62,102351,58089],{"class":80},[62,102353,259],{"class":76},[62,102355,287],{"class":95},[62,102357,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102359,2786],{"class":68},[62,102361,73],{"class":72},[62,102363,256],{"class":95},[62,102365,259],{"class":76},[62,102367,58072],{"class":80},[62,102369,259],{"class":76},[62,102371,287],{"class":95},[62,102373,102374],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,102375,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,102377,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,102379,128],{"class":127},[62,102381,131],{"class":95},[62,102383,262],{"class":139},[62,102385,409],{"class":95},[62,102387,3016],{"class":139},[62,102389,131],{"class":95},[62,102391,277],{"class":139},[62,102393,1013],{"class":95},[14,102395,102396],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1256,102398,102400],{"id":102399},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102402,102403],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[53,102405,102407],{"className":55,"code":102406,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102408,102409,102437,102449,102453,102463],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102410,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102412,2758],{"class":68},[62,102414,73],{"class":72},[62,102416,256],{"class":95},[62,102418,499],{"class":99},[62,102420,103],{"class":95},[62,102422,270],{"class":99},[62,102424,103],{"class":95},[62,102426,284],{"class":99},[62,102428,103],{"class":95},[62,102430,284],{"class":99},[62,102432,103],{"class":95},[62,102434,508],{"class":99},[62,102436,287],{"class":95},[62,102438,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102440,2786],{"class":68},[62,102442,73],{"class":72},[62,102444,256],{"class":95},[62,102446,2273],{"class":99},[62,102448,287],{"class":95},[62,102450,102451],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,102452,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,102454,102455,102457,102459,102461],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,102456,128],{"class":127},[62,102458,131],{"class":95},[62,102460,262],{"class":139},[62,102462,434],{"class":95},[62,102464,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,102466,128],{"class":127},[62,102468,131],{"class":95},[62,102470,262],{"class":139},[62,102472,409],{"class":95},[62,102474,3016],{"class":139},[62,102476,131],{"class":95},[62,102478,277],{"class":139},[62,102480,1013],{"class":95},[14,102482,2282],{},[53,102484,102486],{"className":55,"code":102485,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102487,102488,102504],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102489,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102491,9452],{"class":95},[62,102493,499],{"class":99},[62,102495,103],{"class":95},[62,102497,284],{"class":99},[62,102499,103],{"class":95},[62,102501,508],{"class":99},[62,102503,287],{"class":95},[62,102505,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102507,9452],{"class":95},[62,102509,499],{"class":99},[62,102511,103],{"class":95},[62,102513,284],{"class":99},[62,102515,287],{"class":95},[14,102517,102518,102519,102521],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102520,100364],{}," runs.",[1256,102523,102525],{"id":102524},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102527,102528],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[53,102530,102532],{"className":55,"code":102531,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102533,102534,102558,102578,102582,102592,102602,102620,102642],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102535,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102537,2758],{"class":68},[62,102539,73],{"class":72},[62,102541,256],{"class":95},[62,102543,499],{"class":99},[62,102545,103],{"class":95},[62,102547,284],{"class":99},[62,102549,103],{"class":95},[62,102551,508],{"class":99},[62,102553,103],{"class":95},[62,102555,2661],{"class":99},[62,102557,287],{"class":95},[62,102559,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572,102574,102576],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102561,2786],{"class":68},[62,102563,73],{"class":72},[62,102565,256],{"class":95},[62,102567,2273],{"class":99},[62,102569,103],{"class":95},[62,102571,2661],{"class":99},[62,102573,103],{"class":95},[62,102575,4804],{"class":99},[62,102577,287],{"class":95},[62,102579,102580],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,102581,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,102583,102584,102586,102588,102590],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,102585,128],{"class":127},[62,102587,131],{"class":95},[62,102589,262],{"class":139},[62,102591,434],{"class":95},[62,102593,102594,102596,102598,102600],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,102595,128],{"class":127},[62,102597,131],{"class":95},[62,102599,277],{"class":139},[62,102601,434],{"class":95},[62,102603,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,102605,128],{"class":127},[62,102607,131],{"class":95},[62,102609,262],{"class":139},[62,102611,409],{"class":95},[62,102613,3016],{"class":139},[62,102615,131],{"class":95},[62,102617,277],{"class":139},[62,102619,1013],{"class":95},[62,102621,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,102623,128],{"class":127},[62,102625,131],{"class":95},[62,102627,1690],{"class":430},[62,102629,131],{"class":95},[62,102631,262],{"class":139},[62,102633,409],{"class":95},[62,102635,3016],{"class":139},[62,102637,131],{"class":95},[62,102639,277],{"class":139},[62,102641,3115],{"class":95},[62,102643,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,102645,128],{"class":127},[62,102647,131],{"class":95},[62,102649,134],{"class":127},[62,102651,131],{"class":95},[62,102653,262],{"class":139},[62,102655,409],{"class":95},[62,102657,3016],{"class":139},[62,102659,131],{"class":95},[62,102661,277],{"class":139},[62,102663,3115],{"class":95},[14,102665,11342],{},[29,102667,102668,102671,102674,102677],{},[32,102669,102670],{},"what is in each set",[32,102672,102673],{},"what result Python creates",[32,102675,102676],{},"that the result is a set",[32,102678,102679],{},"how many items remain",[45068,102681],{},[48,102683,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,102685,12875,102687,102689],{"id":102686},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102688,100364],{}," change the original set?",[14,102691,102692],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1256,102694,5378,102696,1940,102698,632],{"id":102695},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102697,100364],{},[18,102699,101275],{},[14,102701,102702,102704,102705,102707],{},[18,102703,100364],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102706,101275],{}," modifies the original set.",[1256,102709,28489,102711,102713],{"id":102710},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102712,100364],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102715,102716],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1256,102718,102720],{"id":102719},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102722,102723],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45068,102725],{},[48,102727,2109],{"id":2108},[29,102729,102730,102734,102742],{},[32,102731,102732],{},[262,102733,96278],{"href":97449},[32,102735,102736],{},[262,102737,96764,102739,10912],{"href":102738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102740,102741],{},"intersection()",[32,102743,102744],{},[262,102745,96764,102747,10912],{"href":102746},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102748,102749],{},"union()",[2145,102751,102752],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":102754},[102755,102756,102758,102759,102760,102761,102763,102768,102770,102778,102787],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":100486,"depth":87,"text":102757},"What difference() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":101105,"depth":87,"text":102762},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101270,"depth":87,"text":102764,"children":102765},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102766,102767],{"id":3016,"depth":117,"text":100364},{"id":101423,"depth":117,"text":101275},{"id":101542,"depth":87,"text":102769},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":102771},[102772,102773,102774,102775,102776,102777],{"id":101812,"depth":117,"text":101813},{"id":102000,"depth":117,"text":102001},{"id":102151,"depth":117,"text":102152},{"id":102314,"depth":117,"text":102315},{"id":102399,"depth":117,"text":102400},{"id":102524,"depth":117,"text":102525},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":102779},[102780,102782,102784,102786],{"id":102686,"depth":117,"text":102781},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102695,"depth":117,"text":102783},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102710,"depth":117,"text":102785},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102719,"depth":117,"text":102720},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100356,"description":102788},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102795,"title":102796,"body":102797,"description":104492,"extension":2174,"meta":104493,"navigation":120,"path":104494,"seo":104495,"stem":104496,"__hash__":104497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102798,"toc":104454},[102799,102805,102811,102824,102826,102927,102929,102974,102979,102984,102988,103002,103005,103013,103015,103034,103052,103056,103109,103111,103132,103139,103144,103171,103178,103277,103279,103316,103324,103328,103334,103337,103410,103412,103420,103425,103494,103496,103521,103523,103526,103629,103631,103692,103695,103699,103705,103778,103780,103813,103816,103819,103859,103865,103888,103893,103897,103908,103911,103913,103917,103923,103925,103982,103992,103994,104047,104054,104059,104127,104135,104141,104145,104147,104186,104191,104240,104244,104247,104249,104288,104291,104293,104298,104355,104357,104371,104373,104377,104383,104388,104393,104400,104411,104417,104422,104424,104451],[10,102800,96150,102802,11494],{"id":102801},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102803,102804],{},"discard()",[14,102806,102807,102810],{},[18,102808,102809],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102812,102813,102814,399,102819,14220,102821,102823],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[262,102815,102816],{"href":98159},[18,102817,102818],{},"set.remove()",[18,102820,102804],{},[3946,102822,4830],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[48,102825,51],{"id":50},[53,102827,102829],{"className":55,"code":102828,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102830,102831,102863,102882,102892,102896,102917],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102832,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859,102861],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102834,788],{"class":68},[62,102836,73],{"class":72},[62,102838,256],{"class":95},[62,102840,259],{"class":76},[62,102842,797],{"class":80},[62,102844,259],{"class":76},[62,102846,103],{"class":95},[62,102848,77],{"class":76},[62,102850,815],{"class":80},[62,102852,259],{"class":76},[62,102854,103],{"class":95},[62,102856,77],{"class":76},[62,102858,806],{"class":80},[62,102860,259],{"class":76},[62,102862,287],{"class":95},[62,102864,102865,102867,102869,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102866,832],{"class":68},[62,102868,409],{"class":95},[62,102870,102871],{"class":139},"discard",[62,102873,131],{"class":95},[62,102875,259],{"class":76},[62,102877,815],{"class":80},[62,102879,259],{"class":76},[62,102881,434],{"class":95},[62,102883,102884,102886,102888,102890],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,102885,128],{"class":127},[62,102887,131],{"class":95},[62,102889,832],{"class":139},[62,102891,434],{"class":95},[62,102893,102894],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,102895,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,102897,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,102899,832],{"class":68},[62,102901,409],{"class":95},[62,102903,102871],{"class":139},[62,102905,131],{"class":95},[62,102907,259],{"class":76},[62,102909,22685],{"class":80},[62,102911,259],{"class":76},[62,102913,741],{"class":95},[62,102915,102916],{"class":146},"  # no error if missing\n",[62,102918,102919,102921,102923,102925],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,102920,128],{"class":127},[62,102922,131],{"class":95},[62,102924,832],{"class":139},[62,102926,434],{"class":95},[14,102928,30191],{},[53,102930,102932],{"className":55,"code":102931,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,102933,102934,102954],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,102935,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,102937,9452],{"class":95},[62,102939,3503],{"class":76},[62,102941,797],{"class":80},[62,102943,3503],{"class":76},[62,102945,103],{"class":95},[62,102947,3498],{"class":76},[62,102949,806],{"class":80},[62,102951,3503],{"class":76},[62,102953,287],{"class":95},[62,102955,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,102957,9452],{"class":95},[62,102959,3503],{"class":76},[62,102961,797],{"class":80},[62,102963,3503],{"class":76},[62,102965,103],{"class":95},[62,102967,3498],{"class":76},[62,102969,806],{"class":80},[62,102971,3503],{"class":76},[62,102973,287],{"class":95},[14,102975,169,102976,102978],{},[18,102977,102804],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[48,102980,3879,102982,3882],{"id":102981},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,102983,102809],{},[14,102985,102986,267],{},[18,102987,102804],{},[29,102989,102990,102993,102996,102998],{},[32,102991,102992],{},"Removes one item from a set",[32,102994,102995],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[32,102997,96265],{},[32,102999,11596,103000],{},[18,103001,1548],{},[14,103003,103004],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103006,96274,103007,2022,103010,409],{},[262,103008,103009],{"href":98741},"what a set is in Python",[262,103011,103012],{"href":97833},"how to create a set",[48,103014,413],{"id":412},[53,103016,103018],{"className":55,"code":103017,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,103019,103020],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103021,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103023,15833],{"class":68},[62,103025,409],{"class":95},[62,103027,102871],{"class":139},[62,103029,131],{"class":95},[62,103031,1632],{"class":139},[62,103033,434],{"class":95},[29,103035,103036,103041,103046,103049],{},[32,103037,103038,103040],{},[18,103039,15833],{}," is the set you want to change",[32,103042,103043,103045],{},[18,103044,1632],{}," is the item you want to remove",[32,103047,103048],{},"The set must already exist",[32,103050,103051],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1256,103053,103055],{"id":103054},"example","Example",[53,103057,103059],{"className":55,"code":103058,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103060,103061,103085,103099],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103062,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103064,225],{"class":68},[62,103066,73],{"class":72},[62,103068,256],{"class":95},[62,103070,499],{"class":99},[62,103072,103],{"class":95},[62,103074,284],{"class":99},[62,103076,103],{"class":95},[62,103078,508],{"class":99},[62,103080,103],{"class":95},[62,103082,2661],{"class":99},[62,103084,287],{"class":95},[62,103086,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103088,348],{"class":68},[62,103090,409],{"class":95},[62,103092,102871],{"class":139},[62,103094,131],{"class":95},[62,103096,2273],{"class":99},[62,103098,434],{"class":95},[62,103100,103101,103103,103105,103107],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,103102,128],{"class":127},[62,103104,131],{"class":95},[62,103106,348],{"class":139},[62,103108,434],{"class":95},[14,103110,2282],{},[53,103112,103114],{"className":55,"code":103113,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,103115,103116],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103117,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103119,9452],{"class":95},[62,103121,499],{"class":99},[62,103123,103],{"class":95},[62,103125,284],{"class":99},[62,103127,103],{"class":95},[62,103129,2661],{"class":99},[62,103131,287],{"class":95},[48,103133,103135,103136,103138],{"id":103134},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,103137,102804],{}," different",[14,103140,103141,103143],{},[18,103142,102804],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[29,103145,103146,103159,103168],{},[32,103147,103148,103149,399,103153,103155,103156,103158],{},"Unlike ",[262,103150,103151],{"href":98159},[18,103152,55473],{},[18,103154,102804],{}," does not raise ",[18,103157,19851],{}," when the item is missing",[32,103160,103148,103161,399,103165,103167],{},[262,103162,103163],{"href":98164},[18,103164,12934],{},[18,103166,102804],{}," removes a specific item",[32,103169,103170],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1256,103172,103174,10756,103176],{"id":103173},"discard-vs-remove",[18,103175,102804],{},[18,103177,55473],{},[53,103179,103181],{"className":55,"code":103180,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,103182,103183,103207,103211,103232,103242,103246,103267],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103184,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103186,90],{"class":68},[62,103188,73],{"class":72},[62,103190,256],{"class":95},[62,103192,259],{"class":76},[62,103194,901],{"class":80},[62,103196,259],{"class":76},[62,103198,103],{"class":95},[62,103200,77],{"class":76},[62,103202,910],{"class":80},[62,103204,259],{"class":76},[62,103206,287],{"class":95},[62,103208,103209],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103210,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103212,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,103214,161],{"class":68},[62,103216,409],{"class":95},[62,103218,102871],{"class":139},[62,103220,131],{"class":95},[62,103222,259],{"class":76},[62,103224,33383],{"class":80},[62,103226,259],{"class":76},[62,103228,741],{"class":95},[62,103230,103231],{"class":146},"   # no error\n",[62,103233,103234,103236,103238,103240],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,103235,128],{"class":127},[62,103237,131],{"class":95},[62,103239,161],{"class":139},[62,103241,434],{"class":95},[62,103243,103244],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,103245,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103247,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,103249,161],{"class":68},[62,103251,409],{"class":95},[62,103253,34956],{"class":139},[62,103255,131],{"class":95},[62,103257,259],{"class":76},[62,103259,910],{"class":80},[62,103261,259],{"class":76},[62,103263,741],{"class":95},[62,103265,103266],{"class":146},"    # removes existing item\n",[62,103268,103269,103271,103273,103275],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,103270,128],{"class":127},[62,103272,131],{"class":95},[62,103274,161],{"class":139},[62,103276,434],{"class":95},[14,103278,2282],{},[53,103280,103282],{"className":55,"code":103281,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103283,103284,103304],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103285,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103287,9452],{"class":95},[62,103289,3503],{"class":76},[62,103291,901],{"class":80},[62,103293,3503],{"class":76},[62,103295,103],{"class":95},[62,103297,3498],{"class":76},[62,103299,910],{"class":80},[62,103301,3503],{"class":76},[62,103303,287],{"class":95},[62,103305,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103307,9452],{"class":95},[62,103309,3503],{"class":76},[62,103311,901],{"class":80},[62,103313,3503],{"class":76},[62,103315,287],{"class":95},[14,103317,40496,103318,103320,103321,103323],{},[18,103319,55473],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[262,103322,11247],{"href":11246}," for more help with that case.",[48,103325,103327],{"id":103326},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103329,103330,2602,103332,409],{},[18,103331,102804],{},[18,103333,1548],{},[14,103335,103336],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[53,103338,103340],{"className":55,"code":103339,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103341,103342,103374,103396,103400],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103343,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103345,788],{"class":68},[62,103347,73],{"class":72},[62,103349,256],{"class":95},[62,103351,259],{"class":76},[62,103353,797],{"class":80},[62,103355,259],{"class":76},[62,103357,103],{"class":95},[62,103359,77],{"class":76},[62,103361,815],{"class":80},[62,103363,259],{"class":76},[62,103365,103],{"class":95},[62,103367,77],{"class":76},[62,103369,806],{"class":80},[62,103371,259],{"class":76},[62,103373,287],{"class":95},[62,103375,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103377,2435],{"class":68},[62,103379,73],{"class":72},[62,103381,13291],{"class":68},[62,103383,409],{"class":95},[62,103385,102871],{"class":139},[62,103387,131],{"class":95},[62,103389,259],{"class":76},[62,103391,815],{"class":80},[62,103393,259],{"class":76},[62,103395,434],{"class":95},[62,103397,103398],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,103399,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103401,103402,103404,103406,103408],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,103403,128],{"class":127},[62,103405,131],{"class":95},[62,103407,2470],{"class":139},[62,103409,434],{"class":95},[14,103411,2282],{},[53,103413,103414],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,103415,103416],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103417,103418],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103419,11979],{"class":1618},[14,103421,103422,103423,267],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103424,832],{},[53,103426,103428],{"className":55,"code":103427,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103429,103430,103462,103480,103484],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103431,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103433,788],{"class":68},[62,103435,73],{"class":72},[62,103437,256],{"class":95},[62,103439,259],{"class":76},[62,103441,797],{"class":80},[62,103443,259],{"class":76},[62,103445,103],{"class":95},[62,103447,77],{"class":76},[62,103449,815],{"class":80},[62,103451,259],{"class":76},[62,103453,103],{"class":95},[62,103455,77],{"class":76},[62,103457,806],{"class":80},[62,103459,259],{"class":76},[62,103461,287],{"class":95},[62,103463,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103465,832],{"class":68},[62,103467,409],{"class":95},[62,103469,102871],{"class":139},[62,103471,131],{"class":95},[62,103473,259],{"class":76},[62,103475,815],{"class":80},[62,103477,259],{"class":76},[62,103479,434],{"class":95},[62,103481,103482],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,103483,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103485,103486,103488,103490,103492],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,103487,128],{"class":127},[62,103489,131],{"class":95},[62,103491,832],{"class":139},[62,103493,434],{"class":95},[14,103495,2282],{},[53,103497,103499],{"className":55,"code":103498,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103500,103501],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103502,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103504,9452],{"class":95},[62,103506,3503],{"class":76},[62,103508,797],{"class":80},[62,103510,3503],{"class":76},[62,103512,103],{"class":95},[62,103514,3498],{"class":76},[62,103516,806],{"class":80},[62,103518,3503],{"class":76},[62,103520,287],{"class":95},[48,103522,11648],{"id":11647},[14,103524,103525],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[53,103527,103529],{"className":55,"code":103528,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103530,103531,103563,103567,103585,103589,103607,103611],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103532,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103534,36400],{"class":68},[62,103536,73],{"class":72},[62,103538,256],{"class":95},[62,103540,259],{"class":76},[62,103542,901],{"class":80},[62,103544,259],{"class":76},[62,103546,103],{"class":95},[62,103548,77],{"class":76},[62,103550,910],{"class":80},[62,103552,259],{"class":76},[62,103554,103],{"class":95},[62,103556,77],{"class":76},[62,103558,33383],{"class":80},[62,103560,259],{"class":76},[62,103562,287],{"class":95},[62,103564,103565],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103566,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103568,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,103570,128],{"class":127},[62,103572,131],{"class":95},[62,103574,259],{"class":76},[62,103576,11734],{"class":80},[62,103578,259],{"class":76},[62,103580,103],{"class":95},[62,103582,52795],{"class":139},[62,103584,434],{"class":95},[62,103586,103587],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,103588,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103590,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,103592,36452],{"class":68},[62,103594,409],{"class":95},[62,103596,102871],{"class":139},[62,103598,131],{"class":95},[62,103600,259],{"class":76},[62,103602,910],{"class":80},[62,103604,259],{"class":76},[62,103606,434],{"class":95},[62,103608,103609],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,103610,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103612,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,103614,128],{"class":127},[62,103616,131],{"class":95},[62,103618,259],{"class":76},[62,103620,11774],{"class":80},[62,103622,259],{"class":76},[62,103624,103],{"class":95},[62,103626,52795],{"class":139},[62,103628,434],{"class":95},[14,103630,2282],{},[53,103632,103634],{"className":55,"code":103633,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103635,103636,103668],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103637,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103639,11794],{"class":68},[62,103641,267],{"class":95},[62,103643,256],{"class":95},[62,103645,3503],{"class":76},[62,103647,910],{"class":80},[62,103649,3503],{"class":76},[62,103651,103],{"class":95},[62,103653,3498],{"class":76},[62,103655,901],{"class":80},[62,103657,3503],{"class":76},[62,103659,103],{"class":95},[62,103661,3498],{"class":76},[62,103663,33383],{"class":80},[62,103665,3503],{"class":76},[62,103667,287],{"class":95},[62,103669,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103671,11847],{"class":68},[62,103673,267],{"class":95},[62,103675,256],{"class":95},[62,103677,3503],{"class":76},[62,103679,901],{"class":80},[62,103681,3503],{"class":76},[62,103683,103],{"class":95},[62,103685,3498],{"class":76},[62,103687,33383],{"class":80},[62,103689,3503],{"class":76},[62,103691,287],{"class":95},[14,103693,103694],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[48,103696,103698],{"id":103697},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103700,103701,103702,103704],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103703,102804],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[53,103706,103708],{"className":55,"code":103707,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103709,103710,103742,103746,103764,103768],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103711,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103713,36400],{"class":68},[62,103715,73],{"class":72},[62,103717,256],{"class":95},[62,103719,259],{"class":76},[62,103721,901],{"class":80},[62,103723,259],{"class":76},[62,103725,103],{"class":95},[62,103727,77],{"class":76},[62,103729,910],{"class":80},[62,103731,259],{"class":76},[62,103733,103],{"class":95},[62,103735,77],{"class":76},[62,103737,33383],{"class":80},[62,103739,259],{"class":76},[62,103741,287],{"class":95},[62,103743,103744],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103745,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103747,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,103749,36452],{"class":68},[62,103751,409],{"class":95},[62,103753,102871],{"class":139},[62,103755,131],{"class":95},[62,103757,259],{"class":76},[62,103759,22694],{"class":80},[62,103761,259],{"class":76},[62,103763,434],{"class":95},[62,103765,103766],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,103767,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103769,103770,103772,103774,103776],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,103771,128],{"class":127},[62,103773,131],{"class":95},[62,103775,36452],{"class":139},[62,103777,434],{"class":95},[14,103779,2282],{},[53,103781,103783],{"className":55,"code":103782,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103784,103785],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103786,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103788,9452],{"class":95},[62,103790,3503],{"class":76},[62,103792,910],{"class":80},[62,103794,3503],{"class":76},[62,103796,103],{"class":95},[62,103798,3498],{"class":76},[62,103800,901],{"class":80},[62,103802,3503],{"class":76},[62,103804,103],{"class":95},[62,103806,3498],{"class":76},[62,103808,33383],{"class":80},[62,103810,3503],{"class":76},[62,103812,287],{"class":95},[14,103814,103815],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103817,103818],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[53,103820,103822],{"className":55,"code":103821,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103823,103824,103840],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103825,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103827,730],{"class":729},[62,103829,77],{"class":76},[62,103831,22694],{"class":80},[62,103833,259],{"class":76},[62,103835,21336],{"class":72},[62,103837,52795],{"class":68},[62,103839,749],{"class":95},[62,103841,103842,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103843,103844],{"class":68},"    fruits",[62,103846,409],{"class":95},[62,103848,34956],{"class":139},[62,103850,131],{"class":95},[62,103852,259],{"class":76},[62,103854,22694],{"class":80},[62,103856,259],{"class":76},[62,103858,434],{"class":95},[14,103860,103861,103862,103864],{},"With ",[18,103863,102804],{},", you can simply write:",[53,103866,103868],{"className":55,"code":103867,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,103869,103870],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103871,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103873,36452],{"class":68},[62,103875,409],{"class":95},[62,103877,102871],{"class":139},[62,103879,131],{"class":95},[62,103881,259],{"class":76},[62,103883,22694],{"class":80},[62,103885,259],{"class":76},[62,103887,434],{"class":95},[48,103889,5160,103891],{"id":103890},"when-to-use-discard",[18,103892,102804],{},[14,103894,169,103895,10772],{},[18,103896,102804],{},[29,103898,103899,103902,103905],{},[32,103900,103901],{},"Missing values are normal",[32,103903,103904],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[32,103906,103907],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103909,103910],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[48,103912,1824],{"id":1823},[14,103914,8625,103915,409],{},[18,103916,102804],{},[1256,103918,8631,103920,103922],{"id":103919},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,103921,102804],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103924,4725],{},[53,103926,103928],{"className":55,"code":103927,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103929,103930,103950,103968,103972],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,103931,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,103933,225],{"class":68},[62,103935,73],{"class":72},[62,103937,256],{"class":95},[62,103939,499],{"class":99},[62,103941,103],{"class":95},[62,103943,284],{"class":99},[62,103945,103],{"class":95},[62,103947,508],{"class":99},[62,103949,287],{"class":95},[62,103951,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,103953,225],{"class":68},[62,103955,73],{"class":72},[62,103957,4462],{"class":68},[62,103959,409],{"class":95},[62,103961,102871],{"class":139},[62,103963,131],{"class":95},[62,103965,1935],{"class":99},[62,103967,434],{"class":95},[62,103969,103970],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,103971,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,103973,103974,103976,103978,103980],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,103975,128],{"class":127},[62,103977,131],{"class":95},[62,103979,348],{"class":139},[62,103981,434],{"class":95},[14,103983,103984,42307,103986,8780,103988,2602,103990,409],{},[18,103985,348],{},[18,103987,1548],{},[18,103989,102804],{},[18,103991,1548],{},[14,103993,19004],{},[53,103995,103997],{"className":55,"code":103996,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103998,103999,104019,104033,104037],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104000,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104002,225],{"class":68},[62,104004,73],{"class":72},[62,104006,256],{"class":95},[62,104008,499],{"class":99},[62,104010,103],{"class":95},[62,104012,284],{"class":99},[62,104014,103],{"class":95},[62,104016,508],{"class":99},[62,104018,287],{"class":95},[62,104020,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104022,348],{"class":68},[62,104024,409],{"class":95},[62,104026,102871],{"class":139},[62,104028,131],{"class":95},[62,104030,1935],{"class":99},[62,104032,434],{"class":95},[62,104034,104035],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,104036,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,104038,104039,104041,104043,104045],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,104040,128],{"class":127},[62,104042,131],{"class":95},[62,104044,348],{"class":139},[62,104046,434],{"class":95},[1256,104048,37366,104050,8884,104052],{"id":104049},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,104051,102804],{},[18,104053,55473],{},[14,104055,104056,104057,409],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,104058,102804],{},[53,104060,104062],{"className":55,"code":104061,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,104063,104064,104096,104117],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104065,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104067,36253],{"class":68},[62,104069,73],{"class":72},[62,104071,256],{"class":95},[62,104073,259],{"class":76},[62,104075,262],{"class":80},[62,104077,259],{"class":76},[62,104079,103],{"class":95},[62,104081,77],{"class":76},[62,104083,277],{"class":80},[62,104085,259],{"class":76},[62,104087,103],{"class":95},[62,104089,77],{"class":76},[62,104091,9912],{"class":80},[62,104093,259],{"class":76},[62,104095,287],{"class":95},[62,104097,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104099,582],{"class":68},[62,104101,409],{"class":95},[62,104103,102871],{"class":139},[62,104105,131],{"class":95},[62,104107,259],{"class":76},[62,104109,22239],{"class":80},[62,104111,259],{"class":76},[62,104113,741],{"class":95},[62,104115,104116],{"class":146},"   # safe\n",[62,104118,104119,104121,104123,104125],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,104120,128],{"class":127},[62,104122,131],{"class":95},[62,104124,582],{"class":139},[62,104126,434],{"class":95},[14,104128,104129,104130,46060,104133,409],{},"If you use ",[18,104131,104132],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,104134,19851],{},[1256,104136,25777,104138,104140],{"id":104137},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,104139,102804],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104142,104143,102157],{},[18,104144,102804],{},[14,104146,16810],{},[53,104148,104150],{"className":55,"code":104149,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,104151,104152,104172],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104153,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104155,90],{"class":68},[62,104157,73],{"class":72},[62,104159,96],{"class":95},[62,104161,499],{"class":99},[62,104163,103],{"class":95},[62,104165,284],{"class":99},[62,104167,103],{"class":95},[62,104169,508],{"class":99},[62,104171,114],{"class":95},[62,104173,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104175,161],{"class":68},[62,104177,409],{"class":95},[62,104179,102871],{"class":139},[62,104181,131],{"class":95},[62,104183,1935],{"class":99},[62,104185,434],{"class":95},[14,104187,104188,104189,267],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,104190,102804],{},[53,104192,104194],{"className":55,"code":104193,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,104195,104196,104216,104230],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104197,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104199,90],{"class":68},[62,104201,73],{"class":72},[62,104203,256],{"class":95},[62,104205,499],{"class":99},[62,104207,103],{"class":95},[62,104209,284],{"class":99},[62,104211,103],{"class":95},[62,104213,508],{"class":99},[62,104215,287],{"class":95},[62,104217,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104219,161],{"class":68},[62,104221,409],{"class":95},[62,104223,102871],{"class":139},[62,104225,131],{"class":95},[62,104227,1935],{"class":99},[62,104229,434],{"class":95},[62,104231,104232,104234,104236,104238],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,104233,128],{"class":127},[62,104235,131],{"class":95},[62,104237,161],{"class":139},[62,104239,434],{"class":95},[1256,104241,104243],{"id":104242},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104245,104246],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104248,3040],{},[53,104250,104252],{"className":55,"code":104251,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104253,104254,104274],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104255,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104257,251],{"class":68},[62,104259,73],{"class":72},[62,104261,256],{"class":95},[62,104263,499],{"class":99},[62,104265,103],{"class":95},[62,104267,284],{"class":99},[62,104269,103],{"class":95},[62,104271,508],{"class":99},[62,104273,287],{"class":95},[62,104275,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104277,367],{"class":68},[62,104279,409],{"class":95},[62,104281,102871],{"class":139},[62,104283,496],{"class":95},[62,104285,1935],{"class":99},[62,104287,4088],{"class":95},[14,104289,104290],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[48,104292,9052],{"id":9051},[14,104294,9055,104295,104297],{},[18,104296,102804],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[53,104299,104301],{"className":55,"code":104300,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104302,104303,104313,104327,104341],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104304,104305,104307,104309,104311],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104306,128],{"class":127},[62,104308,131],{"class":95},[62,104310,15833],{"class":139},[62,104312,434],{"class":95},[62,104314,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104316,128],{"class":127},[62,104318,131],{"class":95},[62,104320,1690],{"class":430},[62,104322,131],{"class":95},[62,104324,15833],{"class":139},[62,104326,1013],{"class":95},[62,104328,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,104330,128],{"class":127},[62,104332,131],{"class":95},[62,104334,1613],{"class":139},[62,104336,4082],{"class":729},[62,104338,96874],{"class":139},[62,104340,434],{"class":95},[62,104342,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,104344,32314],{"class":127},[62,104346,131],{"class":95},[62,104348,6482],{"class":430},[62,104350,409],{"class":95},[62,104352,102871],{"class":24910},[62,104354,434],{"class":95},[14,104356,11342],{},[29,104358,104359,104362,104365,104368],{},[32,104360,104361],{},"What is currently in the set",[32,104363,104364],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[32,104366,104367],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[32,104369,104370],{},"How Python documents the method",[48,104372,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,104374,104376],{"id":104375},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104378,104379,104380,104382],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104381,102804],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1256,104384,5340,104386,12887],{"id":104385},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104387,102809],{},[14,104389,5346,104390,104392],{},[18,104391,1548],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1256,104394,5378,104396,1940,104398,632],{"id":104395},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104397,102804],{},[18,104399,55473],{},[14,104401,104402,104403,26699,104405,104407,104408,104410],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104404,55473],{},[18,104406,19851],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104409,102804],{}," does not.",[1256,104412,28489,104414,104416],{"id":104413},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104415,102804],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104418,46517,104419,104421],{},[18,104420,102804],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[48,104423,2109],{"id":2108},[29,104425,104426,104432,104438,104443,104447],{},[32,104427,104428],{},[262,104429,96764,104430,10912],{"href":98159},[18,104431,55473],{},[32,104433,104434],{},[262,104435,96764,104436,10912],{"href":98164},[18,104437,12934],{},[32,104439,104440],{},[262,104441,104442],{"href":97833},"Python set: creating a set",[32,104444,104445],{},[262,104446,100299],{"href":98741},[32,104448,104449],{},[262,104450,11434],{"href":11246},[2145,104452,104453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":104455},[104456,104457,104459,104462,104467,104468,104469,104470,104472,104481,104482,104491],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":102981,"depth":87,"text":104458},"What set.discard() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":104460},[104461],{"id":103054,"depth":117,"text":103055},{"id":103134,"depth":87,"text":104463,"children":104464},"What makes discard() different",[104465],{"id":103173,"depth":117,"text":104466},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103326,"depth":87,"text":103327},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":103697,"depth":87,"text":103698},{"id":103890,"depth":87,"text":104471},"When to use discard()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":104473},[104474,104476,104478,104480],{"id":103919,"depth":117,"text":104475},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104049,"depth":117,"text":104477},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104137,"depth":117,"text":104479},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104242,"depth":117,"text":104243},{"id":9051,"depth":87,"text":9052},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":104483},[104484,104485,104487,104489],{"id":104375,"depth":117,"text":104376},{"id":104385,"depth":117,"text":104486},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104395,"depth":117,"text":104488},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104413,"depth":117,"text":104490},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102796,"description":104492},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104499,"title":104500,"body":104501,"description":106507,"extension":2174,"meta":106508,"navigation":120,"path":106509,"seo":106510,"stem":106511,"__hash__":106512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104502,"toc":106465},[104503,104506,104514,104519,104530,104532,104587,104591,104611,104616,104620,104625,104627,104641,104643,104718,104720,104753,104758,104763,104765,104767,104782,104785,104793,104798,104813,104815,104904,104906,104995,105001,105005,105007,105045,105047,105071,105074,105089,105091,105146,105148,105181,105183,105188,105192,105196,105201,105266,105268,105288,105294,105298,105355,105357,105378,105382,105387,105432,105434,105467,105470,105474,105507,105509,105538,105542,105546,105549,105551,105570,105572,105618,105623,105637,105639,105670,105675,105678,105722,105724,105752,105756,105760,105776,105779,105844,105846,105858,105861,105865,105868,105873,105901,105903,105921,105927,105966,105968,105986,105992,106021,106023,106041,106044,106061,106063,106068,106072,106075,106101,106108,106113,106128,106137,106141,106144,106175,106181,106184,106193,106196,106198,106200,106258,106261,106286,106288,106292,106295,106299,106307,106311,106314,106318,106321,106323,106346,106348,106389,106396,106404,106407,106438,106440,106462],[10,104504,104500],{"id":104505},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104507,16,104508,104510,104511,409],{},[18,104509,4000],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3946,104512,104513],{},"unique values only",[14,104515,24,104516,104518],{},[18,104517,4000],{}," to:",[29,104520,104521,104524,104527],{},[32,104522,104523],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[32,104525,104526],{},"check whether a value exists",[32,104528,104529],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[48,104531,51],{"id":50},[53,104533,104535],{"className":55,"code":104534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104536,104537,104561,104576],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104538,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104540,225],{"class":68},[62,104542,73],{"class":72},[62,104544,96],{"class":95},[62,104546,499],{"class":99},[62,104548,103],{"class":95},[62,104550,284],{"class":99},[62,104552,103],{"class":95},[62,104554,284],{"class":99},[62,104556,103],{"class":95},[62,104558,508],{"class":99},[62,104560,114],{"class":95},[62,104562,104563,104566,104568,104570,104572,104574],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104564,104565],{"class":68},"unique_numbers ",[62,104567,73],{"class":72},[62,104569,15800],{"class":430},[62,104571,131],{"class":95},[62,104573,348],{"class":139},[62,104575,434],{"class":95},[62,104577,104578,104580,104582,104585],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,104579,128],{"class":127},[62,104581,131],{"class":95},[62,104583,104584],{"class":139},"unique_numbers",[62,104586,434],{"class":95},[14,104588,104589],{},[3946,104590,2282],{},[53,104592,104593],{"className":55,"code":96557,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,104594,104595],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104596,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104598,9452],{"class":95},[62,104600,499],{"class":99},[62,104602,103],{"class":95},[62,104604,284],{"class":99},[62,104606,103],{"class":95},[62,104608,508],{"class":99},[62,104610,287],{"class":95},[14,104612,169,104613,104615],{},[18,104614,4000],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[48,104617,104619],{"id":104618},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104621,104622,104624],{},[18,104623,4000],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104626,30702],{},[29,104628,104629,104632,104635,104638],{},[32,104630,104631],{},"A set stores unique items only",[32,104633,104634],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[32,104636,104637],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[32,104639,104640],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104642,201],{},[53,104644,104646],{"className":55,"code":104645,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,104647,104648,104688,104703,104707],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104649,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104651,788],{"class":68},[62,104653,73],{"class":72},[62,104655,96],{"class":95},[62,104657,259],{"class":76},[62,104659,797],{"class":80},[62,104661,259],{"class":76},[62,104663,103],{"class":95},[62,104665,77],{"class":76},[62,104667,815],{"class":80},[62,104669,259],{"class":76},[62,104671,103],{"class":95},[62,104673,77],{"class":76},[62,104675,797],{"class":80},[62,104677,259],{"class":76},[62,104679,103],{"class":95},[62,104681,77],{"class":76},[62,104683,806],{"class":80},[62,104685,259],{"class":76},[62,104687,114],{"class":95},[62,104689,104690,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104691,104692],{"class":68},"unique_colors ",[62,104694,73],{"class":72},[62,104696,15800],{"class":430},[62,104698,131],{"class":95},[62,104700,832],{"class":139},[62,104702,434],{"class":95},[62,104704,104705],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,104706,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,104708,104709,104711,104713,104716],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,104710,128],{"class":127},[62,104712,131],{"class":95},[62,104714,104715],{"class":139},"unique_colors",[62,104717,434],{"class":95},[14,104719,30191],{},[53,104721,104723],{"className":55,"code":104722,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,104724,104725],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104726,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104728,9452],{"class":95},[62,104730,3503],{"class":76},[62,104732,815],{"class":80},[62,104734,3503],{"class":76},[62,104736,103],{"class":95},[62,104738,3498],{"class":76},[62,104740,806],{"class":80},[62,104742,3503],{"class":76},[62,104744,103],{"class":95},[62,104746,3498],{"class":76},[62,104748,797],{"class":80},[62,104750,3503],{"class":76},[62,104752,287],{"class":95},[14,104754,2492,104755,104757],{},[18,104756,65339],{}," appears only once.",[14,104759,104760,104761,409],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[262,104762,96278],{"href":96277},[48,104764,413],{"id":412},[14,104766,416],{},[53,104768,104770],{"className":55,"code":104769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104771,104772],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104773,104774,104776,104778,104780],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104775,6482],{"class":430},[62,104777,131],{"class":95},[62,104779,3923],{"class":139},[62,104781,434],{"class":95},[14,104783,104784],{},"The argument is optional.",[29,104786,104787,104790],{},[32,104788,104789],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[32,104791,104792],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104794,104795,104796,267],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104797,4000],{},[29,104799,104800,104802,104804,104806,104810],{},[32,104801,8276],{},[32,104803,49103],{},[32,104805,61120],{},[32,104807,104808],{},[18,104809,36359],{},[32,104811,104812],{},"another set",[14,104814,2337],{},[53,104816,104818],{"className":55,"code":104817,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104819,104820,104846,104868,104886],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104821,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104823,128],{"class":127},[62,104825,131],{"class":95},[62,104827,6482],{"class":430},[62,104829,496],{"class":95},[62,104831,499],{"class":99},[62,104833,103],{"class":95},[62,104835,284],{"class":99},[62,104837,103],{"class":95},[62,104839,284],{"class":99},[62,104841,103],{"class":95},[62,104843,508],{"class":99},[62,104845,3201],{"class":95},[62,104847,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104849,128],{"class":127},[62,104851,131],{"class":95},[62,104853,6482],{"class":430},[62,104855,524],{"class":95},[62,104857,100],{"class":99},[62,104859,103],{"class":95},[62,104861,106],{"class":99},[62,104863,103],{"class":95},[62,104865,6200],{"class":99},[62,104867,3115],{"class":95},[62,104869,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,104871,128],{"class":127},[62,104873,131],{"class":95},[62,104875,6482],{"class":430},[62,104877,131],{"class":95},[62,104879,259],{"class":76},[62,104881,81],{"class":80},[62,104883,259],{"class":76},[62,104885,1013],{"class":95},[62,104887,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,104889,128],{"class":127},[62,104891,131],{"class":95},[62,104893,6482],{"class":430},[62,104895,131],{"class":95},[62,104897,59944],{"class":127},[62,104899,131],{"class":95},[62,104901,2708],{"class":99},[62,104903,3115],{"class":95},[14,104905,30191],{},[53,104907,104909],{"className":55,"code":104908,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,104910,104911,104927,104939,104975],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,104912,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,104914,9452],{"class":95},[62,104916,499],{"class":99},[62,104918,103],{"class":95},[62,104920,284],{"class":99},[62,104922,103],{"class":95},[62,104924,508],{"class":99},[62,104926,287],{"class":95},[62,104928,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,104930,9452],{"class":95},[62,104932,100],{"class":99},[62,104934,103],{"class":95},[62,104936,106],{"class":99},[62,104938,287],{"class":95},[62,104940,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,104942,9452],{"class":95},[62,104944,3503],{"class":76},[62,104946,60384],{"class":80},[62,104948,3503],{"class":76},[62,104950,103],{"class":95},[62,104952,3498],{"class":76},[62,104954,60393],{"class":80},[62,104956,3503],{"class":76},[62,104958,103],{"class":95},[62,104960,3498],{"class":76},[62,104962,60402],{"class":80},[62,104964,3503],{"class":76},[62,104966,103],{"class":95},[62,104968,3498],{"class":76},[62,104970,60419],{"class":80},[62,104972,3503],{"class":76},[62,104974,287],{"class":95},[62,104976,104977,104979,104981,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991,104993],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,104978,9452],{"class":95},[62,104980,665],{"class":99},[62,104982,103],{"class":95},[62,104984,270],{"class":99},[62,104986,103],{"class":95},[62,104988,284],{"class":99},[62,104990,103],{"class":95},[62,104992,508],{"class":99},[62,104994,287],{"class":95},[14,104996,104997,104998,409],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[262,104999,105000],{"href":64794},"Python list() function explained",[48,105002,105004],{"id":105003},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105006,98230],{},[53,105008,105009],{"className":55,"code":99195,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,105010,105011,105021,105031],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105012,105013,105015,105017,105019],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105014,98240],{"class":68},[62,105016,73],{"class":72},[62,105018,15800],{"class":430},[62,105020,8822],{"class":95},[62,105022,105023,105025,105027,105029],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105024,128],{"class":127},[62,105026,131],{"class":95},[62,105028,98259],{"class":139},[62,105030,434],{"class":95},[62,105032,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,105034,128],{"class":127},[62,105036,131],{"class":95},[62,105038,1690],{"class":430},[62,105040,131],{"class":95},[62,105042,98259],{"class":139},[62,105044,1013],{"class":95},[14,105046,2282],{},[53,105048,105049],{"className":55,"code":99238,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,105050,105051,105057],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105052,105053,105055],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105054,6482],{"class":430},[62,105056,8822],{"class":95},[62,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105060,3492],{"class":72},[62,105062,3495],{"class":2276},[62,105064,3498],{"class":76},[62,105066,6482],{"class":80},[62,105068,3503],{"class":76},[62,105070,3506],{"class":72},[14,105072,105073],{},"This is important because:",[29,105075,105076,105081],{},[32,105077,105078,105080],{},[18,105079,4000],{}," creates an empty set",[32,105082,105083,105085,105086,105088],{},[18,105084,3995],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3946,105087,4830],{}," a set",[14,105090,201],{},[53,105092,105094],{"className":55,"code":105093,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,105095,105096,105106,105114,105118,105132],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105097,105098,105100,105102,105104],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105099,2758],{"class":68},[62,105101,73],{"class":72},[62,105103,15800],{"class":430},[62,105105,8822],{"class":95},[62,105107,105108,105110,105112],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105109,2786],{"class":68},[62,105111,73],{"class":72},[62,105113,1206],{"class":95},[62,105115,105116],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,105117,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,105119,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,105121,128],{"class":127},[62,105123,131],{"class":95},[62,105125,1690],{"class":430},[62,105127,131],{"class":95},[62,105129,262],{"class":139},[62,105131,1013],{"class":95},[62,105133,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,105135,128],{"class":127},[62,105137,131],{"class":95},[62,105139,1690],{"class":430},[62,105141,131],{"class":95},[62,105143,277],{"class":139},[62,105145,1013],{"class":95},[14,105147,2282],{},[53,105149,105151],{"className":55,"code":105150,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,105152,105153,105167],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105154,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105156,3492],{"class":72},[62,105158,3495],{"class":2276},[62,105160,3498],{"class":76},[62,105162,6482],{"class":80},[62,105164,3503],{"class":76},[62,105166,3506],{"class":72},[62,105168,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105170,3492],{"class":72},[62,105172,3495],{"class":2276},[62,105174,3498],{"class":76},[62,105176,9001],{"class":80},[62,105178,3503],{"class":76},[62,105180,3506],{"class":72},[14,105182,14215],{},[14,105184,105185,105186,409],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[262,105187,104442],{"href":96281},[48,105189,105191],{"id":105190},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1256,105193,105195],{"id":105194},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105197,105198,105199,409],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,105200,4000],{},[53,105202,105204],{"className":55,"code":105203,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105205,105206,105238,105252,105256],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105207,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222,105224,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105209,225],{"class":68},[62,105211,73],{"class":72},[62,105213,96],{"class":95},[62,105215,499],{"class":99},[62,105217,103],{"class":95},[62,105219,284],{"class":99},[62,105221,103],{"class":95},[62,105223,284],{"class":99},[62,105225,103],{"class":95},[62,105227,508],{"class":99},[62,105229,103],{"class":95},[62,105231,508],{"class":99},[62,105233,103],{"class":95},[62,105235,508],{"class":99},[62,105237,114],{"class":95},[62,105239,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105241,2435],{"class":68},[62,105243,73],{"class":72},[62,105245,15800],{"class":430},[62,105247,131],{"class":95},[62,105249,348],{"class":139},[62,105251,434],{"class":95},[62,105253,105254],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,105255,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,105257,105258,105260,105262,105264],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,105259,128],{"class":127},[62,105261,131],{"class":95},[62,105263,2470],{"class":139},[62,105265,434],{"class":95},[14,105267,2282],{},[53,105269,105270],{"className":55,"code":96557,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,105271,105272],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105273,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105275,9452],{"class":95},[62,105277,499],{"class":99},[62,105279,103],{"class":95},[62,105281,284],{"class":99},[62,105283,103],{"class":95},[62,105285,508],{"class":99},[62,105287,287],{"class":95},[14,105289,105290,105291,409],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[262,105292,99028],{"href":105293},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1256,105295,105297],{"id":105296},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[53,105299,105301],{"className":55,"code":105300,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105302,105303,105327,105341,105345],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105306,292],{"class":68},[62,105308,73],{"class":72},[62,105310,854],{"class":95},[62,105312,299],{"class":99},[62,105314,103],{"class":95},[62,105316,4804],{"class":99},[62,105318,103],{"class":95},[62,105320,6200],{"class":99},[62,105322,103],{"class":95},[62,105324,38092],{"class":99},[62,105326,434],{"class":95},[62,105328,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105330,2435],{"class":68},[62,105332,73],{"class":72},[62,105334,15800],{"class":430},[62,105336,131],{"class":95},[62,105338,386],{"class":139},[62,105340,434],{"class":95},[62,105342,105343],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,105344,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,105346,105347,105349,105351,105353],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,105348,128],{"class":127},[62,105350,131],{"class":95},[62,105352,2470],{"class":139},[62,105354,434],{"class":95},[14,105356,2282],{},[53,105358,105360],{"className":55,"code":105359,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,105361,105362],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105363,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105365,9452],{"class":95},[62,105367,299],{"class":99},[62,105369,103],{"class":95},[62,105371,6200],{"class":99},[62,105373,103],{"class":95},[62,105375,38092],{"class":99},[62,105377,287],{"class":95},[1256,105379,105381],{"id":105380},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105383,571,105384,105386],{},[18,105385,4000],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[53,105388,105390],{"className":55,"code":105389,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105391,105392,105404,105418,105422],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105393,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105395,69],{"class":68},[62,105397,73],{"class":72},[62,105399,77],{"class":76},[62,105401,910],{"class":80},[62,105403,84],{"class":76},[62,105405,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105407,2435],{"class":68},[62,105409,73],{"class":72},[62,105411,15800],{"class":430},[62,105413,131],{"class":95},[62,105415,140],{"class":139},[62,105417,434],{"class":95},[62,105419,105420],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,105421,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,105423,105424,105426,105428,105430],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,105425,128],{"class":127},[62,105427,131],{"class":95},[62,105429,2470],{"class":139},[62,105431,434],{"class":95},[14,105433,30191],{},[53,105435,105437],{"className":55,"code":105436,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105438,105439],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105440,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105442,9452],{"class":95},[62,105444,3503],{"class":76},[62,105446,277],{"class":80},[62,105448,3503],{"class":76},[62,105450,103],{"class":95},[62,105452,3498],{"class":76},[62,105454,262],{"class":80},[62,105456,3503],{"class":76},[62,105458,103],{"class":95},[62,105460,3498],{"class":76},[62,105462,75977],{"class":80},[62,105464,3503],{"class":76},[62,105466,287],{"class":95},[14,105468,105469],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1256,105471,105473],{"id":105472},"from-range","From range()",[53,105475,105477],{"className":55,"code":105476,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105478,105479,105497],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105480,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105482,2435],{"class":68},[62,105484,73],{"class":72},[62,105486,15800],{"class":430},[62,105488,131],{"class":95},[62,105490,59944],{"class":127},[62,105492,131],{"class":95},[62,105494,299],{"class":99},[62,105496,1013],{"class":95},[62,105498,105499,105501,105503,105505],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105500,128],{"class":127},[62,105502,131],{"class":95},[62,105504,2470],{"class":139},[62,105506,434],{"class":95},[14,105508,2282],{},[53,105510,105512],{"className":55,"code":105511,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105513,105514],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105515,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530,105532,105534,105536],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105517,9452],{"class":95},[62,105519,665],{"class":99},[62,105521,103],{"class":95},[62,105523,270],{"class":99},[62,105525,103],{"class":95},[62,105527,284],{"class":99},[62,105529,103],{"class":95},[62,105531,508],{"class":99},[62,105533,103],{"class":95},[62,105535,2661],{"class":99},[62,105537,287],{"class":95},[48,105539,105541],{"id":105540},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105543,99475,105544,409],{},[3946,105545,96321],{},[14,105547,105548],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105550,99481],{},[29,105552,105553,105557,105561,105565],{},[32,105554,105555],{},[18,105556,2021],{},[32,105558,105559],{},[18,105560,3646],{},[32,105562,105563],{},[18,105564,2025],{},[32,105566,105567,105569],{},[18,105568,49103],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105571,201],{},[53,105573,105575],{"className":55,"code":105574,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,105576,105577,105608],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105578,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105580,90],{"class":68},[62,105582,73],{"class":72},[62,105584,256],{"class":95},[62,105586,499],{"class":99},[62,105588,103],{"class":95},[62,105590,77],{"class":76},[62,105592,81],{"class":80},[62,105594,259],{"class":76},[62,105596,103],{"class":95},[62,105598,854],{"class":95},[62,105600,100],{"class":99},[62,105602,103],{"class":95},[62,105604,106],{"class":99},[62,105606,105607],{"class":95},")}\n",[62,105609,105610,105612,105614,105616],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105611,128],{"class":127},[62,105613,131],{"class":95},[62,105615,161],{"class":139},[62,105617,434],{"class":95},[14,105619,99543,105620,105622],{},[3946,105621,4830],{}," work inside a set:",[29,105624,105625,105629,105633],{},[32,105626,105627],{},[18,105628,8276],{},[32,105630,105631],{},[18,105632,9001],{},[32,105634,105635],{},[18,105636,6482],{},[14,105638,97046],{},[53,105640,105642],{"className":55,"code":105641,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105643,105644],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105645,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105647,99562],{"class":68},[62,105649,73],{"class":72},[62,105651,99567],{"class":95},[62,105653,499],{"class":99},[62,105655,103],{"class":95},[62,105657,284],{"class":99},[62,105659,18225],{"class":95},[62,105661,96],{"class":95},[62,105663,2273],{"class":99},[62,105665,103],{"class":95},[62,105667,2661],{"class":99},[62,105669,13872],{"class":95},[14,105671,76805,105672,105674],{},[18,105673,1535],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105676,105677],{},"A safer example:",[53,105679,105681],{"className":55,"code":105680,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,105682,105683,105711],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105684,105685,105688,105690,105693,105695,105697,105699,105701,105703,105705,105707,105709],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105686,105687],{"class":68},"good_set ",[62,105689,73],{"class":72},[62,105691,105692],{"class":95}," {(",[62,105694,499],{"class":99},[62,105696,103],{"class":95},[62,105698,284],{"class":99},[62,105700,9408],{"class":95},[62,105702,854],{"class":95},[62,105704,2273],{"class":99},[62,105706,103],{"class":95},[62,105708,2661],{"class":99},[62,105710,105607],{"class":95},[62,105712,105713,105715,105717,105720],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105714,128],{"class":127},[62,105716,131],{"class":95},[62,105718,105719],{"class":139},"good_set",[62,105721,434],{"class":95},[14,105723,2282],{},[53,105725,105727],{"className":55,"code":105726,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,105728,105729],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105730,105731,105734,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744,105746,105748,105750],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105732,105733],{"class":95},"{(",[62,105735,499],{"class":99},[62,105737,103],{"class":95},[62,105739,284],{"class":99},[62,105741,9408],{"class":95},[62,105743,854],{"class":95},[62,105745,2273],{"class":99},[62,105747,103],{"class":95},[62,105749,2661],{"class":99},[62,105751,105607],{"class":95},[48,105753,105755],{"id":105754},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105757,169,105758,10772],{},[18,105759,4000],{},[29,105761,105762,105765,105770,105773],{},[32,105763,105764],{},"you need unique values only",[32,105766,105767,105768],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105769,4082],{},[32,105771,105772],{},"order does not matter",[32,105774,105775],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105777,105778],{},"Example of membership checking:",[53,105780,105782],{"className":55,"code":105781,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105783,105784,105809,105813,105829],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105785,105786,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105802,105804,105807],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105787,105788],{"class":68},"allowed_ids ",[62,105790,73],{"class":72},[62,105792,15800],{"class":430},[62,105794,496],{"class":95},[62,105796,46744],{"class":99},[62,105798,103],{"class":95},[62,105800,105801],{"class":99}," 102",[62,105803,103],{"class":95},[62,105805,105806],{"class":99}," 103",[62,105808,4088],{"class":95},[62,105810,105811],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105812,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,105814,105815,105817,105819,105822,105824,105827],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,105816,128],{"class":127},[62,105818,131],{"class":95},[62,105820,105821],{"class":99},"102",[62,105823,21336],{"class":729},[62,105825,105826],{"class":139}," allowed_ids",[62,105828,434],{"class":95},[62,105830,105831,105833,105835,105838,105840,105842],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,105832,128],{"class":127},[62,105834,131],{"class":95},[62,105836,105837],{"class":99},"999",[62,105839,21336],{"class":729},[62,105841,105826],{"class":139},[62,105843,434],{"class":95},[14,105845,2282],{},[53,105847,105848],{"className":55,"code":44325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,105849,105850,105854],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105851,105852],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105853,4179],{"class":1618},[62,105855,105856],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105857,4240],{"class":1618},[14,105859,105860],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[48,105862,105864],{"id":105863},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105866,105867],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1256,105869,169,105871,98172],{"id":105870},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,105872,4000],{},[53,105874,105875],{"className":55,"code":98233,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,105876,105877,105887],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105878,105879,105881,105883,105885],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105880,98240],{"class":68},[62,105882,73],{"class":72},[62,105884,15800],{"class":430},[62,105886,8822],{"class":95},[62,105888,105889,105891,105893,105895,105897,105899],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105890,128],{"class":127},[62,105892,131],{"class":95},[62,105894,1690],{"class":430},[62,105896,131],{"class":95},[62,105898,98259],{"class":139},[62,105900,1013],{"class":95},[14,105902,2282],{},[53,105904,105905],{"className":55,"code":9032,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,105906,105907],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105908,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105910,3492],{"class":72},[62,105912,3495],{"class":2276},[62,105914,3498],{"class":76},[62,105916,6482],{"class":80},[62,105918,3503],{"class":76},[62,105920,3506],{"class":72},[1256,105922,169,105924,105926],{"id":105923},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,105925,100232],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[53,105928,105930],{"className":55,"code":105929,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,105931,105932,105952],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105933,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105935,225],{"class":68},[62,105937,73],{"class":72},[62,105939,256],{"class":95},[62,105941,499],{"class":99},[62,105943,103],{"class":95},[62,105945,284],{"class":99},[62,105947,103],{"class":95},[62,105949,508],{"class":99},[62,105951,287],{"class":95},[62,105953,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,105955,128],{"class":127},[62,105957,131],{"class":95},[62,105959,1690],{"class":430},[62,105961,131],{"class":95},[62,105963,348],{"class":139},[62,105965,1013],{"class":95},[14,105967,2282],{},[53,105969,105970],{"className":55,"code":9032,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,105971,105972],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105973,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,105975,3492],{"class":72},[62,105977,3495],{"class":2276},[62,105979,3498],{"class":76},[62,105981,6482],{"class":80},[62,105983,3503],{"class":76},[62,105985,3506],{"class":72},[1256,105987,169,105989,105991],{"id":105988},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,105990,3995],{}," for an empty dictionary",[53,105993,105995],{"className":55,"code":105994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,105996,105997,106006],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,105998,105999,106002,106004],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106000,106001],{"class":68},"empty_dict ",[62,106003,73],{"class":72},[62,106005,1206],{"class":95},[62,106007,106008,106010,106012,106014,106016,106019],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,106009,128],{"class":127},[62,106011,131],{"class":95},[62,106013,1690],{"class":430},[62,106015,131],{"class":95},[62,106017,106018],{"class":139},"empty_dict",[62,106020,1013],{"class":95},[14,106022,2282],{},[53,106024,106025],{"className":55,"code":8988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,106026,106027],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106028,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106030,3492],{"class":72},[62,106032,3495],{"class":2276},[62,106034,3498],{"class":76},[62,106036,9001],{"class":80},[62,106038,3503],{"class":76},[62,106040,3506],{"class":72},[14,106042,106043],{},"So the rule is simple:",[29,106045,106046,106051,106056],{},[32,106047,106048,106050],{},[18,106049,4000],{}," → empty set",[32,106052,106053,106055],{},[18,106054,100232],{}," → non-empty set",[32,106057,106058,106060],{},[18,106059,3995],{}," → empty dictionary",[48,106062,1824],{"id":1823},[14,106064,106065,106066,409],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,106067,4000],{},[1256,106069,1834,106070,99830],{"id":99827},[18,106071,3995],{},[14,106073,106074],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[53,106076,106077],{"className":55,"code":99836,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,106078,106079,106087],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106080,106081,106083,106085],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106082,1613],{"class":68},[62,106084,73],{"class":72},[62,106086,1206],{"class":95},[62,106088,106089,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,106090,128],{"class":127},[62,106092,131],{"class":95},[62,106094,1690],{"class":430},[62,106096,131],{"class":95},[62,106098,1632],{"class":139},[62,106100,1013],{"class":95},[1256,106102,106104,106105],{"id":106103},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,106106,106107],{},"set(5)",[14,106109,106110,106112],{},[18,106111,4000],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[53,106114,106116],{"className":55,"code":106115,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set(5)\n",[18,106117,106118],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106119,106120,106122,106124,106126],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106121,6482],{"class":430},[62,106123,131],{"class":95},[62,106125,299],{"class":99},[62,106127,434],{"class":95},[14,106129,3204,106130,106132,106133,409],{},[18,106131,1535],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[262,106134,106136],{"href":106135},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1256,106138,106140],{"id":106139},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106142,106143],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[53,106145,106147],{"className":55,"code":106146,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,106148,106149],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106150,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106152,1613],{"class":68},[62,106154,73],{"class":72},[62,106156,99567],{"class":95},[62,106158,499],{"class":99},[62,106160,103],{"class":95},[62,106162,284],{"class":99},[62,106164,18225],{"class":95},[62,106166,96],{"class":95},[62,106168,2273],{"class":99},[62,106170,103],{"class":95},[62,106172,2661],{"class":99},[62,106174,13872],{"class":95},[1256,106176,8631,106178,106180],{"id":106177},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,106179,4000],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106182,106183],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1256,106185,37366,106187,8884,106189,2022,106191],{"id":106186},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,106188,4000],{},[18,106190,24941],{},[18,106192,9300],{},[14,106194,106195],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[48,106197,60656],{"id":60655},[14,106199,11285],{},[53,106201,106203],{"className":55,"code":106202,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,106204,106205,106220,106230,106244],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106206,106207,106209,106211,106213,106215,106218],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106208,128],{"class":127},[62,106210,131],{"class":95},[62,106212,1690],{"class":430},[62,106214,131],{"class":95},[62,106216,106217],{"class":139},"my_value",[62,106219,1013],{"class":95},[62,106221,106222,106224,106226,106228],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,106223,128],{"class":127},[62,106225,131],{"class":95},[62,106227,106217],{"class":139},[62,106229,434],{"class":95},[62,106231,106232,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,106233,128],{"class":127},[62,106235,131],{"class":95},[62,106237,8276],{"class":430},[62,106239,131],{"class":95},[62,106241,15833],{"class":139},[62,106243,1013],{"class":95},[62,106245,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,106247,128],{"class":127},[62,106249,131],{"class":95},[62,106251,134],{"class":127},[62,106253,131],{"class":95},[62,106255,15833],{"class":139},[62,106257,1013],{"class":95},[14,106259,106260],{},"What they help you see:",[29,106262,106263,106269,106274,106280],{},[32,106264,106265,106268],{},[18,106266,106267],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[32,106270,106271,90496],{},[18,106272,106273],{},"print(my_value)",[32,106275,106276,106279],{},[18,106277,106278],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[32,106281,106282,106285],{},[18,106283,106284],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[48,106287,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,106289,106291],{"id":106290},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106293,106294],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1256,106296,106298],{"id":106297},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106300,169,106301,106303,106304,106306],{},[18,106302,4000],{},". Do not use ",[18,106305,3995],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1256,106308,106310],{"id":106309},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106312,106313],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1256,106315,106317],{"id":106316},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106319,106320],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106322,201],{},[53,106324,106326],{"className":55,"code":106325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,106327,106328],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106329,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340,106342,106344],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106331,128],{"class":127},[62,106333,131],{"class":95},[62,106335,6482],{"class":430},[62,106337,131],{"class":95},[62,106339,259],{"class":76},[62,106341,901],{"class":80},[62,106343,259],{"class":76},[62,106345,1013],{"class":95},[14,106347,30191],{},[53,106349,106351],{"className":55,"code":106350,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,106352,106353],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106354,106355,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106356,9452],{"class":95},[62,106358,3503],{"class":76},[62,106360,262],{"class":80},[62,106362,3503],{"class":76},[62,106364,103],{"class":95},[62,106366,3498],{"class":76},[62,106368,14],{"class":80},[62,106370,3503],{"class":76},[62,106372,103],{"class":95},[62,106374,3498],{"class":76},[62,106376,60402],{"class":80},[62,106378,3503],{"class":76},[62,106380,103],{"class":95},[62,106382,3498],{"class":76},[62,106384,60393],{"class":80},[62,106386,3503],{"class":76},[62,106388,287],{"class":95},[1256,106390,5356,106392,106395],{"id":106391},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,106393,106394],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106397,106398,28846,106400,106403],{},[18,106399,4000],{},[3946,106401,106402],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106405,106406],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[53,106408,106410],{"className":55,"code":106409,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,106411,106412],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106413,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106415,128],{"class":127},[62,106417,131],{"class":95},[62,106419,6482],{"class":430},[62,106421,496],{"class":95},[62,106423,499],{"class":99},[62,106425,103],{"class":95},[62,106427,284],{"class":99},[62,106429,103],{"class":95},[62,106431,508],{"class":99},[62,106433,103],{"class":95},[62,106435,2661],{"class":99},[62,106437,3201],{"class":95},[48,106439,2109],{"id":2108},[29,106441,106442,106446,106450,106454,106458],{},[32,106443,106444],{},[262,106445,96278],{"href":96277},[32,106447,106448],{},[262,106449,104442],{"href":96281},[32,106451,106452],{},[262,106453,100294],{"href":105293},[32,106455,106456],{},[262,106457,105000],{"href":64794},[32,106459,106460],{},[262,106461,106136],{"href":106135},[2145,106463,106464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":106466},[106467,106468,106469,106470,106471,106477,106478,106479,106487,106497,106498,106506],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":104618,"depth":87,"text":104619},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":105003,"depth":87,"text":105004},{"id":105190,"depth":87,"text":105191,"children":106472},[106473,106474,106475,106476],{"id":105194,"depth":117,"text":105195},{"id":105296,"depth":117,"text":105297},{"id":105380,"depth":117,"text":105381},{"id":105472,"depth":117,"text":105473},{"id":105540,"depth":87,"text":105541},{"id":105754,"depth":87,"text":105755},{"id":105863,"depth":87,"text":105864,"children":106480},[106481,106483,106485],{"id":105870,"depth":117,"text":106482},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105923,"depth":117,"text":106484},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105988,"depth":117,"text":106486},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":106488},[106489,106490,106492,106493,106495],{"id":99827,"depth":117,"text":100335},{"id":106103,"depth":117,"text":106491},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106139,"depth":117,"text":106140},{"id":106177,"depth":117,"text":106494},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106186,"depth":117,"text":106496},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60655,"depth":87,"text":60656},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":106499},[106500,106501,106502,106503,106504],{"id":106290,"depth":117,"text":106291},{"id":106297,"depth":117,"text":106298},{"id":106309,"depth":117,"text":106310},{"id":106316,"depth":117,"text":106317},{"id":106391,"depth":117,"text":106505},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104500,"description":106507},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106514,"title":106515,"body":106516,"description":108031,"extension":2174,"meta":108032,"navigation":120,"path":108033,"seo":108034,"stem":108035,"__hash__":108036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106517,"toc":108007},[106518,106524,106529,106532,106615,106620,106625,106630,106632,106645,106649,106651,106670,106673,106696,106699,106710,106712,106793,106795,106812,106814,106820,106823,106918,106920,106951,106953,106961,106963,106966,107077,107079,107104,107106,107128,107133,107138,107144,107253,107255,107271,107274,107277,107360,107362,107379,107387,107389,107393,107399,107490,107492,107525,107530,107537,107614,107616,107633,107639,107641,107645,107661,107664,107690,107692,107753,107755,107878,107880,107931,107937,107939,107944,107946,107952,107955,107959,107962,107966,107969,107979,107981,108004],[10,106519,3779,106521,11494],{"id":106520},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106522,106523],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106525,2191,106526,106528],{},[18,106527,106523],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106530,106531],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[53,106533,106535],{"className":55,"code":106534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106536,106537,106557,106577,106581,106600,106610],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106538,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106540,2758],{"class":68},[62,106542,73],{"class":72},[62,106544,256],{"class":95},[62,106546,499],{"class":99},[62,106548,103],{"class":95},[62,106550,284],{"class":99},[62,106552,103],{"class":95},[62,106554,508],{"class":99},[62,106556,287],{"class":95},[62,106558,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571,106573,106575],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,106560,2786],{"class":68},[62,106562,73],{"class":72},[62,106564,256],{"class":95},[62,106566,1935],{"class":99},[62,106568,103],{"class":95},[62,106570,508],{"class":99},[62,106572,103],{"class":95},[62,106574,2661],{"class":99},[62,106576,287],{"class":95},[62,106578,106579],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,106580,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,106582,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106594,106596,106598],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,106584,2435],{"class":68},[62,106586,73],{"class":72},[62,106588,56832],{"class":68},[62,106590,409],{"class":95},[62,106592,106593],{"class":139},"intersection",[62,106595,131],{"class":95},[62,106597,277],{"class":139},[62,106599,434],{"class":95},[62,106601,106602,106604,106606,106608],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,106603,128],{"class":127},[62,106605,131],{"class":95},[62,106607,2470],{"class":139},[62,106609,434],{"class":95},[62,106611,106612],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,106613,106614],{"class":146},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106616,169,106617,106619],{},[18,106618,102741],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[48,106621,13166,106623,13169],{"id":106622},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106624,102741],{},[14,106626,106627,106629],{},[18,106628,102741],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106631,13222],{},[29,106633,106634,106637,106639,106642],{},[32,106635,106636],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[32,106638,100511],{},[32,106640,106641],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[32,106643,106644],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106646,96274,106647,409],{},[262,106648,96278],{"href":96277},[48,106650,413],{"id":412},[53,106652,106654],{"className":55,"code":106653,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106655,106656],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106657,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106659,100535],{"class":68},[62,106661,409],{"class":95},[62,106663,106593],{"class":139},[62,106665,131],{"class":95},[62,106667,100544],{"class":139},[62,106669,434],{"class":95},[14,106671,106672],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[53,106674,106676],{"className":55,"code":106675,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106677,106678],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106679,106680,106682,106684,106686,106688,106690,106692,106694],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106681,100535],{"class":68},[62,106683,409],{"class":95},[62,106685,106593],{"class":139},[62,106687,131],{"class":95},[62,106689,100544],{"class":139},[62,106691,103],{"class":95},[62,106693,100571],{"class":139},[62,106695,434],{"class":95},[14,106697,106698],{},"Important notes:",[29,106700,106701,106704,106707],{},[32,106702,106703],{},"The result is always a new set",[32,106705,106706],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[32,106708,106709],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106711,201],{},[53,106713,106715],{"className":55,"code":106714,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106716,106717,106741,106761,106765,106783],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106718,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106720,2758],{"class":68},[62,106722,73],{"class":72},[62,106724,256],{"class":95},[62,106726,499],{"class":99},[62,106728,103],{"class":95},[62,106730,284],{"class":99},[62,106732,103],{"class":95},[62,106734,508],{"class":99},[62,106736,103],{"class":95},[62,106738,2661],{"class":99},[62,106740,287],{"class":95},[62,106742,106743,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,106744,2786],{"class":68},[62,106746,73],{"class":72},[62,106748,256],{"class":95},[62,106750,2273],{"class":99},[62,106752,103],{"class":95},[62,106754,2661],{"class":99},[62,106756,103],{"class":95},[62,106758,4804],{"class":99},[62,106760,287],{"class":95},[62,106762,106763],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,106764,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,106766,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,106768,2435],{"class":68},[62,106770,73],{"class":72},[62,106772,56832],{"class":68},[62,106774,409],{"class":95},[62,106776,106593],{"class":139},[62,106778,131],{"class":95},[62,106780,277],{"class":139},[62,106782,434],{"class":95},[62,106784,106785,106787,106789,106791],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,106786,128],{"class":127},[62,106788,131],{"class":95},[62,106790,2470],{"class":139},[62,106792,434],{"class":95},[14,106794,2282],{},[53,106796,106798],{"className":55,"code":106797,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106799,106800],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106801,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106803,9452],{"class":95},[62,106805,2273],{"class":99},[62,106807,103],{"class":95},[62,106809,2661],{"class":99},[62,106811,287],{"class":95},[48,106813,17584],{"id":17583},[14,106815,106816,22137,106818,409],{},[18,106817,102741],{},[3946,106819,6482],{},[14,106821,106822],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[53,106824,106826],{"className":55,"code":106825,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106827,106828,106848,106868,106872,106890,106894,106904],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106829,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106831,2758],{"class":68},[62,106833,73],{"class":72},[62,106835,256],{"class":95},[62,106837,499],{"class":99},[62,106839,103],{"class":95},[62,106841,284],{"class":99},[62,106843,103],{"class":95},[62,106845,508],{"class":99},[62,106847,287],{"class":95},[62,106849,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,106851,2786],{"class":68},[62,106853,73],{"class":72},[62,106855,256],{"class":95},[62,106857,1935],{"class":99},[62,106859,103],{"class":95},[62,106861,508],{"class":99},[62,106863,103],{"class":95},[62,106865,2661],{"class":99},[62,106867,287],{"class":95},[62,106869,106870],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,106871,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,106873,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,106875,2435],{"class":68},[62,106877,73],{"class":72},[62,106879,56832],{"class":68},[62,106881,409],{"class":95},[62,106883,106593],{"class":139},[62,106885,131],{"class":95},[62,106887,277],{"class":139},[62,106889,434],{"class":95},[62,106891,106892],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,106893,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,106895,106896,106898,106900,106902],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,106897,128],{"class":127},[62,106899,131],{"class":95},[62,106901,2470],{"class":139},[62,106903,434],{"class":95},[62,106905,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,106907,128],{"class":127},[62,106909,131],{"class":95},[62,106911,1690],{"class":430},[62,106913,131],{"class":95},[62,106915,2470],{"class":139},[62,106917,1013],{"class":95},[14,106919,2282],{},[53,106921,106923],{"className":55,"code":106922,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,106924,106925,106937],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106926,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106928,9452],{"class":95},[62,106930,1935],{"class":99},[62,106932,103],{"class":95},[62,106934,508],{"class":99},[62,106936,287],{"class":95},[62,106938,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,106940,3492],{"class":72},[62,106942,3495],{"class":2276},[62,106944,3498],{"class":76},[62,106946,6482],{"class":80},[62,106948,3503],{"class":76},[62,106950,3506],{"class":72},[14,106952,85759],{},[29,106954,106955,106958],{},[32,106956,106957],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[32,106959,106960],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[48,106962,11648],{"id":11647},[14,106964,106965],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[53,106967,106969],{"className":55,"code":106968,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,106970,106971,107004,107037,107041,107062,107066],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,106972,106973,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,106974,106975],{"class":68},"colors1 ",[62,106977,73],{"class":72},[62,106979,256],{"class":95},[62,106981,259],{"class":76},[62,106983,797],{"class":80},[62,106985,259],{"class":76},[62,106987,103],{"class":95},[62,106989,77],{"class":76},[62,106991,815],{"class":80},[62,106993,259],{"class":76},[62,106995,103],{"class":95},[62,106997,77],{"class":76},[62,106999,806],{"class":80},[62,107001,259],{"class":76},[62,107003,287],{"class":95},[62,107005,107006,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107007,107008],{"class":68},"colors2 ",[62,107010,73],{"class":72},[62,107012,256],{"class":95},[62,107014,259],{"class":76},[62,107016,806],{"class":80},[62,107018,259],{"class":76},[62,107020,103],{"class":95},[62,107022,77],{"class":76},[62,107024,22685],{"class":80},[62,107026,259],{"class":76},[62,107028,103],{"class":95},[62,107030,77],{"class":76},[62,107032,815],{"class":80},[62,107034,259],{"class":76},[62,107036,287],{"class":95},[62,107038,107039],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,107040,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107042,107043,107046,107048,107051,107053,107055,107057,107060],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,107044,107045],{"class":68},"common_colors ",[62,107047,73],{"class":72},[62,107049,107050],{"class":68}," colors1",[62,107052,409],{"class":95},[62,107054,106593],{"class":139},[62,107056,131],{"class":95},[62,107058,107059],{"class":139},"colors2",[62,107061,434],{"class":95},[62,107063,107064],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,107065,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107067,107068,107070,107072,107075],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,107069,128],{"class":127},[62,107071,131],{"class":95},[62,107073,107074],{"class":139},"common_colors",[62,107076,434],{"class":95},[14,107078,2282],{},[53,107080,107082],{"className":55,"code":107081,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,107083,107084],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107085,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107087,9452],{"class":95},[62,107089,3503],{"class":76},[62,107091,815],{"class":80},[62,107093,3503],{"class":76},[62,107095,103],{"class":95},[62,107097,3498],{"class":76},[62,107099,806],{"class":80},[62,107101,3503],{"class":76},[62,107103,287],{"class":95},[14,107105,11854],{},[29,107107,107108,107114,107118,107123],{},[32,107109,107110,107113],{},[18,107111,107112],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[32,107115,107116,107113],{},[18,107117,107059],{},[32,107119,107120,107122],{},[18,107121,102741],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[32,107124,107125,107126],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,107127,107074],{},[48,107129,1834,107131,101108],{"id":107130},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,107132,102741],{},[14,107134,107135,107136,409],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,107137,102741],{},[14,107139,107140,107141,107143],{},"Only the values found in ",[3946,107142,3918],{}," inputs will be kept.",[53,107145,107147],{"className":55,"code":107146,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107148,107149,107173,107197,107217,107221,107243],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107150,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107152,2758],{"class":68},[62,107154,73],{"class":72},[62,107156,256],{"class":95},[62,107158,499],{"class":99},[62,107160,103],{"class":95},[62,107162,284],{"class":99},[62,107164,103],{"class":95},[62,107166,508],{"class":99},[62,107168,103],{"class":95},[62,107170,2661],{"class":99},[62,107172,287],{"class":95},[62,107174,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107176,2786],{"class":68},[62,107178,73],{"class":72},[62,107180,256],{"class":95},[62,107182,1935],{"class":99},[62,107184,103],{"class":95},[62,107186,508],{"class":99},[62,107188,103],{"class":95},[62,107190,2661],{"class":99},[62,107192,103],{"class":95},[62,107194,4804],{"class":99},[62,107196,287],{"class":95},[62,107198,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,107200,83133],{"class":68},[62,107202,73],{"class":72},[62,107204,256],{"class":95},[62,107206,2273],{"class":99},[62,107208,103],{"class":95},[62,107210,2661],{"class":99},[62,107212,103],{"class":95},[62,107214,304],{"class":99},[62,107216,287],{"class":95},[62,107218,107219],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,107220,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107222,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,107224,2435],{"class":68},[62,107226,73],{"class":72},[62,107228,56832],{"class":68},[62,107230,409],{"class":95},[62,107232,106593],{"class":139},[62,107234,131],{"class":95},[62,107236,277],{"class":139},[62,107238,103],{"class":95},[62,107240,9854],{"class":139},[62,107242,434],{"class":95},[62,107244,107245,107247,107249,107251],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,107246,128],{"class":127},[62,107248,131],{"class":95},[62,107250,2470],{"class":139},[62,107252,434],{"class":95},[14,107254,2282],{},[53,107256,107257],{"className":55,"code":106797,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,107258,107259],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107260,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107262,9452],{"class":95},[62,107264,2273],{"class":99},[62,107266,103],{"class":95},[62,107268,2661],{"class":99},[62,107270,287],{"class":95},[14,107272,107273],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107275,107276],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[53,107278,107280],{"className":55,"code":107279,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107281,107282,107306,107310,107350],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107283,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107285,2758],{"class":68},[62,107287,73],{"class":72},[62,107289,256],{"class":95},[62,107291,499],{"class":99},[62,107293,103],{"class":95},[62,107295,284],{"class":99},[62,107297,103],{"class":95},[62,107299,508],{"class":99},[62,107301,103],{"class":95},[62,107303,2661],{"class":99},[62,107305,287],{"class":95},[62,107307,107308],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107309,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107311,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346,107348],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,107313,2435],{"class":68},[62,107315,73],{"class":72},[62,107317,56832],{"class":68},[62,107319,409],{"class":95},[62,107321,106593],{"class":139},[62,107323,496],{"class":95},[62,107325,1935],{"class":99},[62,107327,103],{"class":95},[62,107329,2661],{"class":99},[62,107331,103],{"class":95},[62,107333,304],{"class":99},[62,107335,18225],{"class":95},[62,107337,854],{"class":95},[62,107339,499],{"class":99},[62,107341,103],{"class":95},[62,107343,284],{"class":99},[62,107345,103],{"class":95},[62,107347,2661],{"class":99},[62,107349,1013],{"class":95},[62,107351,107352,107354,107356,107358],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,107353,128],{"class":127},[62,107355,131],{"class":95},[62,107357,2470],{"class":139},[62,107359,434],{"class":95},[14,107361,2282],{},[53,107363,107365],{"className":55,"code":107364,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107366,107367],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107368,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107370,9452],{"class":95},[62,107372,1935],{"class":99},[62,107374,103],{"class":95},[62,107376,2661],{"class":99},[62,107378,287],{"class":95},[48,107380,107382,10756,107384],{"id":107381},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107383,102741],{},[18,107385,107386],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107388,101278],{},[1256,107390,107391],{"id":106593},[18,107392,102741],{},[29,107394,107395,107397],{},[32,107396,101287],{},[32,107398,101290],{},[53,107400,107402],{"className":55,"code":107401,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107403,107404,107424,107444,107448,107466,107470,107480],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107405,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107407,2758],{"class":68},[62,107409,73],{"class":72},[62,107411,256],{"class":95},[62,107413,499],{"class":99},[62,107415,103],{"class":95},[62,107417,284],{"class":99},[62,107419,103],{"class":95},[62,107421,508],{"class":99},[62,107423,287],{"class":95},[62,107425,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107427,2786],{"class":68},[62,107429,73],{"class":72},[62,107431,256],{"class":95},[62,107433,1935],{"class":99},[62,107435,103],{"class":95},[62,107437,508],{"class":99},[62,107439,103],{"class":95},[62,107441,2661],{"class":99},[62,107443,287],{"class":95},[62,107445,107446],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,107447,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107449,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,107451,2435],{"class":68},[62,107453,73],{"class":72},[62,107455,56832],{"class":68},[62,107457,409],{"class":95},[62,107459,106593],{"class":139},[62,107461,131],{"class":95},[62,107463,277],{"class":139},[62,107465,434],{"class":95},[62,107467,107468],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,107469,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107471,107472,107474,107476,107478],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,107473,128],{"class":127},[62,107475,131],{"class":95},[62,107477,262],{"class":139},[62,107479,434],{"class":95},[62,107481,107482,107484,107486,107488],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,107483,128],{"class":127},[62,107485,131],{"class":95},[62,107487,2470],{"class":139},[62,107489,434],{"class":95},[14,107491,2282],{},[53,107493,107495],{"className":55,"code":107494,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107496,107497,107513],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107498,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107500,9452],{"class":95},[62,107502,499],{"class":99},[62,107504,103],{"class":95},[62,107506,284],{"class":99},[62,107508,103],{"class":95},[62,107510,508],{"class":99},[62,107512,287],{"class":95},[62,107514,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107516,9452],{"class":95},[62,107518,1935],{"class":99},[62,107520,103],{"class":95},[62,107522,508],{"class":99},[62,107524,287],{"class":95},[1256,107526,107528],{"id":107527},"intersection_update",[18,107529,107386],{},[29,107531,107532,107534],{},[32,107533,101430],{},[32,107535,107536],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[53,107538,107540],{"className":55,"code":107539,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107541,107542,107562,107582,107586,107600,107604],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107543,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107545,2758],{"class":68},[62,107547,73],{"class":72},[62,107549,256],{"class":95},[62,107551,499],{"class":99},[62,107553,103],{"class":95},[62,107555,284],{"class":99},[62,107557,103],{"class":95},[62,107559,508],{"class":99},[62,107561,287],{"class":95},[62,107563,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578,107580],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107565,2786],{"class":68},[62,107567,73],{"class":72},[62,107569,256],{"class":95},[62,107571,1935],{"class":99},[62,107573,103],{"class":95},[62,107575,508],{"class":99},[62,107577,103],{"class":95},[62,107579,2661],{"class":99},[62,107581,287],{"class":95},[62,107583,107584],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,107585,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107587,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,107589,262],{"class":68},[62,107591,409],{"class":95},[62,107593,107527],{"class":139},[62,107595,131],{"class":95},[62,107597,277],{"class":139},[62,107599,434],{"class":95},[62,107601,107602],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,107603,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107605,107606,107608,107610,107612],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,107607,128],{"class":127},[62,107609,131],{"class":95},[62,107611,262],{"class":139},[62,107613,434],{"class":95},[14,107615,2282],{},[53,107617,107619],{"className":55,"code":107618,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107620,107621],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107622,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107624,9452],{"class":95},[62,107626,1935],{"class":99},[62,107628,103],{"class":95},[62,107630,508],{"class":99},[62,107632,287],{"class":95},[14,107634,107635,107636,107638],{},"Choose ",[18,107637,102741],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[48,107640,4718],{"id":4717},[14,107642,14900,107643,267],{},[18,107644,102741],{},[29,107646,107647,107650,107653,107656],{},[32,107648,107649],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[32,107651,107652],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[32,107654,107655],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[32,107657,107658,107659],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107660,102741],{},[14,107662,107663],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[29,107665,107666,107671,107674,107687],{},[32,107667,1834,107668,107670],{},[18,107669,102741],{}," when order matters",[32,107672,107673],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[32,107675,37366,107676,8884,107678,2022,107683],{},[18,107677,102741],{},[262,107679,107681],{"href":107680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107682,102749],{},[262,107684,107685],{"href":102790},[18,107686,100364],{},[32,107688,107689],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107691,30297],{},[53,107693,107695],{"className":55,"code":107694,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107696,107697,107707,107721,107739],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107698,107699,107701,107703,107705],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107700,128],{"class":127},[62,107702,131],{"class":95},[62,107704,15833],{"class":139},[62,107706,434],{"class":95},[62,107708,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107710,128],{"class":127},[62,107712,131],{"class":95},[62,107714,1690],{"class":430},[62,107716,131],{"class":95},[62,107718,2470],{"class":139},[62,107720,1013],{"class":95},[62,107722,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,107724,128],{"class":127},[62,107726,131],{"class":95},[62,107728,100535],{"class":139},[62,107730,409],{"class":95},[62,107732,106593],{"class":139},[62,107734,131],{"class":95},[62,107736,100544],{"class":139},[62,107738,1013],{"class":95},[62,107740,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,107742,128],{"class":127},[62,107744,131],{"class":95},[62,107746,134],{"class":127},[62,107748,131],{"class":95},[62,107750,2470],{"class":139},[62,107752,1013],{"class":95},[14,107754,201],{},[53,107756,107758],{"className":55,"code":107757,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107759,107760,107784,107804,107808,107826,107830,107840,107850,107864],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107761,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107763,225],{"class":68},[62,107765,73],{"class":72},[62,107767,256],{"class":95},[62,107769,499],{"class":99},[62,107771,103],{"class":95},[62,107773,284],{"class":99},[62,107775,103],{"class":95},[62,107777,284],{"class":99},[62,107779,103],{"class":95},[62,107781,508],{"class":99},[62,107783,287],{"class":95},[62,107785,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107787,43700],{"class":68},[62,107789,73],{"class":72},[62,107791,256],{"class":95},[62,107793,1935],{"class":99},[62,107795,103],{"class":95},[62,107797,508],{"class":99},[62,107799,103],{"class":95},[62,107801,2661],{"class":99},[62,107803,287],{"class":95},[62,107805,107806],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,107807,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107809,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,107811,2435],{"class":68},[62,107813,73],{"class":72},[62,107815,4462],{"class":68},[62,107817,409],{"class":95},[62,107819,106593],{"class":139},[62,107821,131],{"class":95},[62,107823,30905],{"class":139},[62,107825,434],{"class":95},[62,107827,107828],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,107829,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,107831,107832,107834,107836,107838],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,107833,128],{"class":127},[62,107835,131],{"class":95},[62,107837,348],{"class":139},[62,107839,434],{"class":95},[62,107841,107842,107844,107846,107848],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,107843,128],{"class":127},[62,107845,131],{"class":95},[62,107847,2470],{"class":139},[62,107849,434],{"class":95},[62,107851,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,107853,128],{"class":127},[62,107855,131],{"class":95},[62,107857,1690],{"class":430},[62,107859,131],{"class":95},[62,107861,2470],{"class":139},[62,107863,1013],{"class":95},[62,107865,107866,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,107867,128],{"class":127},[62,107869,131],{"class":95},[62,107871,134],{"class":127},[62,107873,131],{"class":95},[62,107875,2470],{"class":139},[62,107877,1013],{"class":95},[14,107879,2282],{},[53,107881,107883],{"className":55,"code":107882,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,107884,107885,107901,107913,107927],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107886,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107888,9452],{"class":95},[62,107890,499],{"class":99},[62,107892,103],{"class":95},[62,107894,284],{"class":99},[62,107896,103],{"class":95},[62,107898,508],{"class":99},[62,107900,287],{"class":95},[62,107902,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,107904,9452],{"class":95},[62,107906,1935],{"class":99},[62,107908,103],{"class":95},[62,107910,508],{"class":99},[62,107912,287],{"class":95},[62,107914,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,107916,3492],{"class":72},[62,107918,3495],{"class":2276},[62,107920,3498],{"class":76},[62,107922,6482],{"class":80},[62,107924,3503],{"class":76},[62,107926,3506],{"class":72},[62,107928,107929],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,107930,17223],{"class":99},[14,107932,107933,107934,107936],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,107935,1935],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[48,107938,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,107940,12875,107942,102689],{"id":107941},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,107943,102741],{},[14,107945,102692],{},[1256,107947,5368,107949,107951],{"id":107948},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,107950,102741],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107953,107954],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1256,107956,107958],{"id":107957},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107960,107961],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1256,107963,107965],{"id":107964},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107967,107968],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[53,107970,107971],{"className":55,"code":97408,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,107972,107973],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,107974,107975,107977],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,107976,6482],{"class":430},[62,107978,8822],{"class":95},[48,107980,2109],{"id":2108},[29,107982,107983,107987,107994,108000],{},[32,107984,107985],{},[262,107986,96278],{"href":96277},[32,107988,107989],{},[262,107990,3779,107991,10912],{"href":107680},[18,107992,107993],{},"set.union()",[32,107995,107996],{},[262,107997,3779,107998,10912],{"href":102790},[18,107999,100369],{},[32,108001,108002],{},[262,108003,100294],{"href":105293},[2145,108005,108006],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":108008},[108009,108011,108012,108013,108014,108016,108021,108022,108030],{"id":106622,"depth":87,"text":108010},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":107130,"depth":87,"text":108015},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107381,"depth":87,"text":108017,"children":108018},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108019,108020],{"id":106593,"depth":117,"text":102741},{"id":107527,"depth":117,"text":107386},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":108023},[108024,108026,108028,108029],{"id":107941,"depth":117,"text":108025},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107948,"depth":117,"text":108027},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107957,"depth":117,"text":107958},{"id":107964,"depth":117,"text":107965},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106515,"description":108031},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108038,"title":108039,"body":108040,"description":109276,"extension":2174,"meta":109277,"navigation":120,"path":109278,"seo":109279,"stem":109280,"__hash__":109281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108041,"toc":109243},[108042,108047,108053,108062,108064,108139,108144,108159,108169,108174,108178,108191,108195,108197,108212,108214,108230,108232,108307,108311,108314,108316,108333,108338,108393,108398,108410,108414,108417,108518,108520,108561,108564,108568,108575,108577,108602,108605,108623,108630,108636,108639,108721,108728,108731,108811,108820,108823,108828,108832,108846,108895,108900,108904,108915,108964,108975,108980,108984,108996,109045,109056,109058,109062,109085,109087,109144,109146,109160,109162,109168,109174,109180,109189,109193,109200,109204,109212,109214,109240],[10,108043,96150,108045,11494],{"id":108044},"python-set-pop-method",[18,108046,12934],{},[14,108048,108049,108052],{},[18,108050,108051],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108054,108055,108056,108058,108059,108061],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3946,108057,4830],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,108060,12934],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[48,108063,51],{"id":50},[53,108065,108067],{"className":55,"code":108066,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,108068,108069,108101,108115,108119,108129],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108070,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108072,90],{"class":68},[62,108074,73],{"class":72},[62,108076,256],{"class":95},[62,108078,259],{"class":76},[62,108080,901],{"class":80},[62,108082,259],{"class":76},[62,108084,103],{"class":95},[62,108086,77],{"class":76},[62,108088,910],{"class":80},[62,108090,259],{"class":76},[62,108092,103],{"class":95},[62,108094,77],{"class":76},[62,108096,4295],{"class":80},[62,108098,259],{"class":76},[62,108100,287],{"class":95},[62,108102,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108104,69881],{"class":68},[62,108106,73],{"class":72},[62,108108,6162],{"class":68},[62,108110,409],{"class":95},[62,108112,26402],{"class":139},[62,108114,8822],{"class":95},[62,108116,108117],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,108118,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,108120,108121,108123,108125,108127],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,108122,128],{"class":127},[62,108124,131],{"class":95},[62,108126,69904],{"class":139},[62,108128,434],{"class":95},[62,108130,108131,108133,108135,108137],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,108132,128],{"class":127},[62,108134,131],{"class":95},[62,108136,161],{"class":139},[62,108138,434],{"class":95},[14,108140,108141],{},[3946,108142,108143],{},"What this does:",[29,108145,108146,108151,108156],{},[32,108147,108148,108149],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,108150,161],{},[32,108152,108153,108154],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,108155,69904],{},[32,108157,108158],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108160,108161,88910,108163,108165,108166,108168],{},[3946,108162,83768],{},[18,108164,108051],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3946,108167,4830],{}," chosen by index.",[48,108170,3879,108172,3882],{"id":108171},"what-setpop-does",[18,108173,108051],{},[14,108175,108176,267],{},[18,108177,108051],{},[29,108179,108180,108182,108185,108188],{},[32,108181,102992],{},[32,108183,108184],{},"Returns the removed item",[32,108186,108187],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[32,108189,108190],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108192,96274,108193,409],{},[262,108194,96278],{"href":97449},[48,108196,413],{"id":412},[53,108198,108200],{"className":55,"code":108199,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,108201,108202],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108203,108204,108206,108208,108210],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108205,15833],{"class":68},[62,108207,409],{"class":95},[62,108209,26402],{"class":139},[62,108211,8822],{"class":95},[14,108213,13222],{},[29,108215,108216,108222,108227],{},[32,108217,108218,108219],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108220,108221],{},"my_set.pop()",[32,108223,108224,108225],{},"It takes ",[3946,108226,28849],{},[32,108228,108229],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108231,201],{},[53,108233,108235],{"className":55,"code":108234,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108236,108237,108269,108283,108287,108297],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108238,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263,108265,108267],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108240,788],{"class":68},[62,108242,73],{"class":72},[62,108244,256],{"class":95},[62,108246,259],{"class":76},[62,108248,797],{"class":80},[62,108250,259],{"class":76},[62,108252,103],{"class":95},[62,108254,77],{"class":76},[62,108256,815],{"class":80},[62,108258,259],{"class":76},[62,108260,103],{"class":95},[62,108262,77],{"class":76},[62,108264,806],{"class":80},[62,108266,259],{"class":76},[62,108268,287],{"class":95},[62,108270,108271,108273,108275,108277,108279,108281],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108272,28699],{"class":68},[62,108274,73],{"class":72},[62,108276,13291],{"class":68},[62,108278,409],{"class":95},[62,108280,26402],{"class":139},[62,108282,8822],{"class":95},[62,108284,108285],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,108286,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,108288,108289,108291,108293,108295],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,108290,128],{"class":127},[62,108292,131],{"class":95},[62,108294,23470],{"class":139},[62,108296,434],{"class":95},[62,108298,108299,108301,108303,108305],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,108300,128],{"class":127},[62,108302,131],{"class":95},[62,108304,832],{"class":139},[62,108306,434],{"class":95},[48,108308,108310],{"id":108309},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108312,108313],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108315,2319],{},[29,108317,108318,108324,108327],{},[32,108319,108320,108321,108323],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108322,12934],{}," removes",[32,108325,108326],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[32,108328,108329,108330,108332],{},"You should not use ",[18,108331,12934],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108334,10632,108335,108337],{},[3946,108336,4830],{}," valid:",[53,108339,108341],{"className":55,"code":108340,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108342,108343,108375],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108344,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108346,36400],{"class":68},[62,108348,73],{"class":72},[62,108350,256],{"class":95},[62,108352,259],{"class":76},[62,108354,901],{"class":80},[62,108356,259],{"class":76},[62,108358,103],{"class":95},[62,108360,77],{"class":76},[62,108362,910],{"class":80},[62,108364,259],{"class":76},[62,108366,103],{"class":95},[62,108368,77],{"class":76},[62,108370,4295],{"class":80},[62,108372,259],{"class":76},[62,108374,287],{"class":95},[62,108376,108377,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108378,36452],{"class":68},[62,108380,409],{"class":95},[62,108382,26402],{"class":139},[62,108384,131],{"class":95},[62,108386,259],{"class":76},[62,108388,901],{"class":80},[62,108390,259],{"class":76},[62,108392,434],{"class":95},[14,108394,39807,108395,108397],{},[18,108396,108051],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108399,108400,108401,2022,108405,409],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[262,108402,108403],{"href":98159},[18,108404,102818],{},[262,108406,108408],{"href":108407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108409,102809],{},[48,108411,108413],{"id":108412},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108415,108416],{},"Here is a simple example:",[53,108418,108420],{"className":55,"code":108419,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108421,108422,108456,108460,108476,108480,108499],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108423,108424,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437,108439,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108452,108454],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108425,108426],{"class":68},"animals ",[62,108428,73],{"class":72},[62,108430,256],{"class":95},[62,108432,259],{"class":76},[62,108434,37209],{"class":80},[62,108436,259],{"class":76},[62,108438,103],{"class":95},[62,108440,77],{"class":76},[62,108442,58072],{"class":80},[62,108444,259],{"class":76},[62,108446,103],{"class":95},[62,108448,77],{"class":76},[62,108450,108451],{"class":80},"rabbit",[62,108453,259],{"class":76},[62,108455,287],{"class":95},[62,108457,108458],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108459,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,108461,108462,108465,108467,108470,108472,108474],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,108463,108464],{"class":68},"removed_animal ",[62,108466,73],{"class":72},[62,108468,108469],{"class":68}," animals",[62,108471,409],{"class":95},[62,108473,26402],{"class":139},[62,108475,8822],{"class":95},[62,108477,108478],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,108479,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,108481,108482,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108494,108497],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,108483,128],{"class":127},[62,108485,131],{"class":95},[62,108487,259],{"class":76},[62,108489,29117],{"class":80},[62,108491,259],{"class":76},[62,108493,103],{"class":95},[62,108495,108496],{"class":139}," removed_animal",[62,108498,434],{"class":95},[62,108500,108501,108503,108505,108507,108510,108512,108514,108516],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,108502,128],{"class":127},[62,108504,131],{"class":95},[62,108506,259],{"class":76},[62,108508,108509],{"class":80},"Updated set:",[62,108511,259],{"class":76},[62,108513,103],{"class":95},[62,108515,108469],{"class":139},[62,108517,434],{"class":95},[14,108519,30191],{},[53,108521,108523],{"className":55,"code":108522,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108524,108525,108534],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108526,108527,108529,108531],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108528,29159],{"class":68},[62,108530,267],{"class":95},[62,108532,108533],{"class":68}," dog\n",[62,108535,108536,108539,108541,108543,108545,108547,108549,108551,108553,108555,108557,108559],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108537,108538],{"class":68},"Updated ",[62,108540,6482],{"class":430},[62,108542,267],{"class":95},[62,108544,256],{"class":95},[62,108546,3503],{"class":76},[62,108548,37209],{"class":80},[62,108550,3503],{"class":76},[62,108552,103],{"class":95},[62,108554,3498],{"class":76},[62,108556,108451],{"class":80},[62,108558,3503],{"class":76},[62,108560,287],{"class":95},[14,108562,108563],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[48,108565,108567],{"id":108566},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108569,29811,108570,108572,108573,409],{},[18,108571,12934],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108574,19851],{},[14,108576,201],{},[53,108578,108580],{"className":55,"code":108579,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108581,108582,108592],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108585,90],{"class":68},[62,108587,73],{"class":72},[62,108589,15800],{"class":430},[62,108591,8822],{"class":95},[62,108593,108594,108596,108598,108600],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108595,161],{"class":68},[62,108597,409],{"class":95},[62,108599,26402],{"class":139},[62,108601,8822],{"class":95},[14,108603,108604],{},"This raises:",[53,108606,108608],{"className":55,"code":108607,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108609,108610],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108611,108612,108614,108616,108618,108621],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108613,19851],{"class":430},[62,108615,267],{"class":95},[62,108617,3498],{"class":76},[62,108619,108620],{"class":80},"pop from an empty set",[62,108622,29861],{"class":76},[14,108624,108625,108626,108629],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[262,108627,108628],{"href":11246},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1256,108631,108633,108634],{"id":108632},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108635,12934],{},[14,108637,108638],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[53,108640,108642],{"className":55,"code":108641,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108643,108644,108654,108658,108666,108681,108700,108706],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108645,108646,108648,108650,108652],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108647,90],{"class":68},[62,108649,73],{"class":72},[62,108651,15800],{"class":430},[62,108653,8822],{"class":95},[62,108655,108656],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108657,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,108659,108660,108662,108664],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,108661,730],{"class":729},[62,108663,6162],{"class":68},[62,108665,749],{"class":95},[62,108667,108668,108671,108673,108675,108677,108679],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,108669,108670],{"class":68},"    removed ",[62,108672,73],{"class":72},[62,108674,6162],{"class":68},[62,108676,409],{"class":95},[62,108678,26402],{"class":139},[62,108680,8822],{"class":95},[62,108682,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695,108698],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,108684,754],{"class":127},[62,108686,131],{"class":95},[62,108688,259],{"class":76},[62,108690,29117],{"class":80},[62,108692,259],{"class":76},[62,108694,103],{"class":95},[62,108696,108697],{"class":139}," removed",[62,108699,434],{"class":95},[62,108701,108702,108704],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,108703,1431],{"class":729},[62,108705,749],{"class":95},[62,108707,108708,108710,108712,108714,108717,108719],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,108709,754],{"class":127},[62,108711,131],{"class":95},[62,108713,259],{"class":76},[62,108715,108716],{"class":80},"The set is empty.",[62,108718,259],{"class":76},[62,108720,434],{"class":95},[1256,108722,169,108724,1940,108726],{"id":108723},"use-try-and-except",[18,108725,29965],{},[18,108727,29996],{},[14,108729,108730],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[53,108732,108734],{"className":55,"code":108733,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108735,108736,108746,108750,108756,108770,108788,108796],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108737,108738,108740,108742,108744],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108739,90],{"class":68},[62,108741,73],{"class":72},[62,108743,15800],{"class":430},[62,108745,8822],{"class":95},[62,108747,108748],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108749,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,108751,108752,108754],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,108753,29965],{"class":729},[62,108755,749],{"class":95},[62,108757,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,108759,108670],{"class":68},[62,108761,73],{"class":72},[62,108763,6162],{"class":68},[62,108765,409],{"class":95},[62,108767,26402],{"class":139},[62,108769,8822],{"class":95},[62,108771,108772,108774,108776,108778,108780,108782,108784,108786],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,108773,754],{"class":127},[62,108775,131],{"class":95},[62,108777,259],{"class":76},[62,108779,29117],{"class":80},[62,108781,259],{"class":76},[62,108783,103],{"class":95},[62,108785,108697],{"class":139},[62,108787,434],{"class":95},[62,108789,108790,108792,108794],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,108791,29996],{"class":729},[62,108793,29999],{"class":430},[62,108795,749],{"class":95},[62,108797,108798,108800,108802,108804,108807,108809],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,108799,754],{"class":127},[62,108801,131],{"class":95},[62,108803,259],{"class":76},[62,108805,108806],{"class":80},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[62,108808,259],{"class":76},[62,108810,434],{"class":95},[48,108812,5160,108814,10756,108816,10756,108818],{"id":108813},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108815,12934],{},[18,108817,55473],{},[18,108819,102804],{},[14,108821,108822],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1256,108824,169,108826],{"id":108825},"use-pop",[18,108827,12934],{},[14,108829,169,108830,10772],{},[18,108831,12934],{},[29,108833,108834,108840,108843],{},[32,108835,108836,108837],{},"You want to remove ",[3946,108838,108839],{},"any one item",[32,108841,108842],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[32,108844,108845],{},"You want the removed item returned",[53,108847,108849],{"className":55,"code":108848,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108850,108851,108871,108885],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108852,108853,108855,108857,108859,108861,108863,108865,108867,108869],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108854,225],{"class":68},[62,108856,73],{"class":72},[62,108858,256],{"class":95},[62,108860,499],{"class":99},[62,108862,103],{"class":95},[62,108864,284],{"class":99},[62,108866,103],{"class":95},[62,108868,508],{"class":99},[62,108870,287],{"class":95},[62,108872,108873,108875,108877,108879,108881,108883],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108874,1613],{"class":68},[62,108876,73],{"class":72},[62,108878,4462],{"class":68},[62,108880,409],{"class":95},[62,108882,26402],{"class":139},[62,108884,8822],{"class":95},[62,108886,108887,108889,108891,108893],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,108888,128],{"class":127},[62,108890,131],{"class":95},[62,108892,1632],{"class":139},[62,108894,434],{"class":95},[1256,108896,169,108898],{"id":108897},"use-remove",[18,108899,55473],{},[14,108901,169,108902,10772],{},[18,108903,55473],{},[29,108905,108906,108912],{},[32,108907,108908,108909],{},"You want to delete a ",[3946,108910,108911],{},"specific item",[32,108913,108914],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[53,108916,108918],{"className":55,"code":108917,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108919,108920,108940,108954],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936,108938],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,108923,225],{"class":68},[62,108925,73],{"class":72},[62,108927,256],{"class":95},[62,108929,499],{"class":99},[62,108931,103],{"class":95},[62,108933,284],{"class":99},[62,108935,103],{"class":95},[62,108937,508],{"class":99},[62,108939,287],{"class":95},[62,108941,108942,108944,108946,108948,108950,108952],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,108943,348],{"class":68},[62,108945,409],{"class":95},[62,108947,34956],{"class":139},[62,108949,131],{"class":95},[62,108951,1935],{"class":99},[62,108953,434],{"class":95},[62,108955,108956,108958,108960,108962],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,108957,128],{"class":127},[62,108959,131],{"class":95},[62,108961,348],{"class":139},[62,108963,434],{"class":95},[14,108965,108966,108967,108969,108970,108974],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,108968,55473],{}," raises an error. See the ",[262,108971,108972,10912],{"href":98159},[18,108973,102818],{}," for details.",[1256,108976,169,108978],{"id":108977},"use-discard",[18,108979,102804],{},[14,108981,169,108982,10772],{},[18,108983,102804],{},[29,108985,108986,108990],{},[32,108987,108908,108988],{},[3946,108989,108911],{},[32,108991,108992,108993,108995],{},"You do ",[3946,108994,4830],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[53,108997,108999],{"className":55,"code":108998,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109000,109001,109021,109035],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109002,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109004,225],{"class":68},[62,109006,73],{"class":72},[62,109008,256],{"class":95},[62,109010,499],{"class":99},[62,109012,103],{"class":95},[62,109014,284],{"class":99},[62,109016,103],{"class":95},[62,109018,508],{"class":99},[62,109020,287],{"class":95},[62,109022,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,109024,348],{"class":68},[62,109026,409],{"class":95},[62,109028,102871],{"class":139},[62,109030,131],{"class":95},[62,109032,299],{"class":99},[62,109034,434],{"class":95},[62,109036,109037,109039,109041,109043],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,109038,128],{"class":127},[62,109040,131],{"class":95},[62,109042,348],{"class":139},[62,109044,434],{"class":95},[14,109046,109047,109048,109050,109051,109055],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,109049,299],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[262,109052,109053,10912],{"href":108407},[18,109054,102809],{}," for more examples.",[48,109057,1824],{"id":1823},[14,109059,71427,109060,267],{},[18,109061,108051],{},[29,109063,109064,109070,109075,109080],{},[32,109065,109066,109067],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,109068,109069],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[32,109071,8631,109072,109074],{},[18,109073,12934],{}," to remove the first or last item",[32,109076,29811,109077,109079],{},[18,109078,12934],{}," on an empty set",[32,109081,1834,109082,109084],{},[18,109083,12934],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109086,62241],{},[53,109088,109090],{"className":55,"code":109089,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,109091,109092,109102,109116,109130],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109093,109094,109096,109098,109100],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109095,128],{"class":127},[62,109097,131],{"class":95},[62,109099,15833],{"class":139},[62,109101,434],{"class":95},[62,109103,109104,109106,109108,109110,109112,109114],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,109105,128],{"class":127},[62,109107,131],{"class":95},[62,109109,134],{"class":127},[62,109111,131],{"class":95},[62,109113,15833],{"class":139},[62,109115,1013],{"class":95},[62,109117,109118,109120,109122,109124,109126,109128],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,109119,128],{"class":127},[62,109121,131],{"class":95},[62,109123,1690],{"class":430},[62,109125,131],{"class":95},[62,109127,15833],{"class":139},[62,109129,1013],{"class":95},[62,109131,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,109133,28699],{"class":68},[62,109135,73],{"class":72},[62,109137,96874],{"class":68},[62,109139,409],{"class":95},[62,109141,26402],{"class":139},[62,109143,8822],{"class":95},[14,109145,26169],{},[29,109147,109148,109151,109154,109157],{},[32,109149,109150],{},"What values are in the set",[32,109152,109153],{},"Whether the set is empty",[32,109155,109156],{},"That the object is really a set",[32,109158,109159],{},"What value was actually removed",[48,109161,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,109163,12875,109165,109167],{"id":109164},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,109166,108051],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109169,109170,109171,109173],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,109172,12934],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1256,109175,109177,109178,632],{"id":109176},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,109179,108051],{},[14,109181,109182,109183,109185,109186,109188],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,109184,12934],{},", set ",[18,109187,12934],{}," does not accept an index.",[1256,109190,109192],{"id":109191},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109194,71596,109195,44781,109197,109199],{},[18,109196,19851],{},[18,109198,12934],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1256,109201,109203],{"id":109202},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109205,169,109206,2022,109208,11264,109210,409],{},[18,109207,55473],{},[18,109209,102804],{},[18,109211,12934],{},[48,109213,2109],{"id":2108},[29,109215,109216,109220,109226,109232,109236],{},[32,109217,109218],{},[262,109219,96278],{"href":97449},[32,109221,109222],{},[262,109223,96764,109224,10912],{"href":98159},[18,109225,55473],{},[32,109227,109228],{},[262,109229,96764,109230,10912],{"href":108407},[18,109231,102804],{},[32,109233,109234],{},[262,109235,11434],{"href":11246},[32,109237,109238],{},[262,109239,55459],{"href":55011},[2145,109241,109242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":109244},[109245,109246,109248,109249,109250,109251,109257,109266,109267,109275],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":108171,"depth":87,"text":109247},"What set.pop() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":108309,"depth":87,"text":108310},{"id":108412,"depth":87,"text":108413},{"id":108566,"depth":87,"text":108567,"children":109252},[109253,109255],{"id":108632,"depth":117,"text":109254},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108723,"depth":117,"text":109256},"Use try and except",{"id":108813,"depth":87,"text":109258,"children":109259},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109260,109262,109264],{"id":108825,"depth":117,"text":109261},"Use pop()",{"id":108897,"depth":117,"text":109263},"Use remove()",{"id":108977,"depth":117,"text":109265},"Use discard()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":109268},[109269,109271,109273,109274],{"id":109164,"depth":117,"text":109270},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109176,"depth":117,"text":109272},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109191,"depth":117,"text":109192},{"id":109202,"depth":117,"text":109203},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108039,"description":109276},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109283,"title":109284,"body":109285,"description":110439,"extension":2174,"meta":110440,"navigation":120,"path":110441,"seo":110442,"stem":110443,"__hash__":110444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109286,"toc":110407},[109287,109292,109297,109306,109308,109373,109377,109401,109408,109413,109417,109432,109435,109437,109456,109470,109473,109521,109525,109541,109543,109616,109620,109645,109651,109659,109663,109670,109725,109730,109747,109753,109759,109764,109772,109779,109783,109791,109846,109848,109865,109869,109876,109941,109945,109978,109980,109992,109999,110001,110006,110013,110015,110084,110088,110096,110098,110162,110166,110171,110218,110223,110291,110299,110306,110309,110315,110320,110324,110326,110329,110331,110336,110341,110347,110352,110359,110367,110373,110376,110378,110404],[10,109288,96150,109290,11494],{"id":109289},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109291,55473],{},[14,109293,109294,109296],{},[18,109295,102818],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109298,109299,109300,109303,109304,409],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3946,109301,109302],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109305,19851],{},[48,109307,51],{"id":50},[53,109309,109311],{"className":55,"code":109310,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109312,109313,109345,109363],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109314,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109316,788],{"class":68},[62,109318,73],{"class":72},[62,109320,256],{"class":95},[62,109322,259],{"class":76},[62,109324,797],{"class":80},[62,109326,259],{"class":76},[62,109328,103],{"class":95},[62,109330,77],{"class":76},[62,109332,815],{"class":80},[62,109334,259],{"class":76},[62,109336,103],{"class":95},[62,109338,77],{"class":76},[62,109340,806],{"class":80},[62,109342,259],{"class":76},[62,109344,287],{"class":95},[62,109346,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,109348,832],{"class":68},[62,109350,409],{"class":95},[62,109352,34956],{"class":139},[62,109354,131],{"class":95},[62,109356,259],{"class":76},[62,109358,815],{"class":80},[62,109360,259],{"class":76},[62,109362,434],{"class":95},[62,109364,109365,109367,109369,109371],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,109366,128],{"class":127},[62,109368,131],{"class":95},[62,109370,832],{"class":139},[62,109372,434],{"class":95},[14,109374,109375],{},[3946,109376,30191],{},[53,109378,109379],{"className":55,"code":103498,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,109380,109381],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109382,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109384,9452],{"class":95},[62,109386,3503],{"class":76},[62,109388,797],{"class":80},[62,109390,3503],{"class":76},[62,109392,103],{"class":95},[62,109394,3498],{"class":76},[62,109396,806],{"class":80},[62,109398,3503],{"class":76},[62,109400,287],{"class":95},[14,109402,169,109403,109405,109406,409],{},[18,109404,55473],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109407,19851],{},[48,109409,3879,109411,3882],{"id":109410},"what-setremove-does",[18,109412,102818],{},[14,109414,109415,267],{},[18,109416,102818],{},[29,109418,109419,109422,109424,109426],{},[32,109420,109421],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[32,109423,96265],{},[32,109425,96268],{},[32,109427,109428,109429,109431],{},"Raises ",[18,109430,19851],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109433,109434],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[48,109436,413],{"id":412},[53,109438,109440],{"className":55,"code":109439,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109441,109442],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109443,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109445,15833],{"class":68},[62,109447,409],{"class":95},[62,109449,34956],{"class":139},[62,109451,131],{"class":95},[62,109453,1632],{"class":139},[62,109455,434],{"class":95},[29,109457,109458,109462,109467],{},[32,109459,109460,103040],{},[18,109461,15833],{},[32,109463,109464,109466],{},[18,109465,1632],{}," is the item to remove",[32,109468,109469],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109471,109472],{},"Here is a small example:",[53,109474,109475],{"className":55,"code":108917,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,109476,109477,109497,109511],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109478,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109480,225],{"class":68},[62,109482,73],{"class":72},[62,109484,256],{"class":95},[62,109486,499],{"class":99},[62,109488,103],{"class":95},[62,109490,284],{"class":99},[62,109492,103],{"class":95},[62,109494,508],{"class":99},[62,109496,287],{"class":95},[62,109498,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,109500,348],{"class":68},[62,109502,409],{"class":95},[62,109504,34956],{"class":139},[62,109506,131],{"class":95},[62,109508,1935],{"class":99},[62,109510,434],{"class":95},[62,109512,109513,109515,109517,109519],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,109514,128],{"class":127},[62,109516,131],{"class":95},[62,109518,348],{"class":139},[62,109520,434],{"class":95},[14,109522,109523],{},[3946,109524,30191],{},[53,109526,109527],{"className":55,"code":101248,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,109528,109529],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109530,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109532,9452],{"class":95},[62,109534,499],{"class":99},[62,109536,103],{"class":95},[62,109538,508],{"class":99},[62,109540,287],{"class":95},[48,109542,11648],{"id":11647},[53,109544,109546],{"className":55,"code":109545,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109547,109548,109580,109584,109602,109606],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109549,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109551,36400],{"class":68},[62,109553,73],{"class":72},[62,109555,256],{"class":95},[62,109557,259],{"class":76},[62,109559,901],{"class":80},[62,109561,259],{"class":76},[62,109563,103],{"class":95},[62,109565,77],{"class":76},[62,109567,910],{"class":80},[62,109569,259],{"class":76},[62,109571,103],{"class":95},[62,109573,77],{"class":76},[62,109575,33383],{"class":80},[62,109577,259],{"class":76},[62,109579,287],{"class":95},[62,109581,109582],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,109583,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,109585,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,109587,36452],{"class":68},[62,109589,409],{"class":95},[62,109591,34956],{"class":139},[62,109593,131],{"class":95},[62,109595,259],{"class":76},[62,109597,910],{"class":80},[62,109599,259],{"class":76},[62,109601,434],{"class":95},[62,109603,109604],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,109605,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,109607,109608,109610,109612,109614],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,109609,128],{"class":127},[62,109611,131],{"class":95},[62,109613,36452],{"class":139},[62,109615,434],{"class":95},[14,109617,109618],{},[3946,109619,30191],{},[53,109621,109623],{"className":55,"code":109622,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109624,109625],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109626,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109628,9452],{"class":95},[62,109630,3503],{"class":76},[62,109632,901],{"class":80},[62,109634,3503],{"class":76},[62,109636,103],{"class":95},[62,109638,3498],{"class":76},[62,109640,33383],{"class":80},[62,109642,3503],{"class":76},[62,109644,287],{"class":95},[14,109646,109647,109648,109650],{},"This removes ",[18,109649,65221],{}," from the set.",[14,109652,109653,109654,109656,109657,409],{},"A set does ",[3946,109655,4830],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[262,109658,96282],{"href":97833},[48,109660,109662],{"id":109661},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109664,109665,109666,2026,109668,409],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109667,55473],{},[18,109669,19851],{},[53,109671,109673],{"className":55,"code":109672,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109674,109675,109707],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109676,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109678,788],{"class":68},[62,109680,73],{"class":72},[62,109682,256],{"class":95},[62,109684,259],{"class":76},[62,109686,797],{"class":80},[62,109688,259],{"class":76},[62,109690,103],{"class":95},[62,109692,77],{"class":76},[62,109694,815],{"class":80},[62,109696,259],{"class":76},[62,109698,103],{"class":95},[62,109700,77],{"class":76},[62,109702,806],{"class":80},[62,109704,259],{"class":76},[62,109706,287],{"class":95},[62,109708,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,109710,832],{"class":68},[62,109712,409],{"class":95},[62,109714,34956],{"class":139},[62,109716,131],{"class":95},[62,109718,259],{"class":76},[62,109720,22685],{"class":80},[62,109722,259],{"class":76},[62,109724,434],{"class":95},[14,109726,109727],{},[3946,109728,109729],{},"Result:",[53,109731,109733],{"className":55,"code":109732,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109734,109735],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109736,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109738,19851],{"class":430},[62,109740,267],{"class":95},[62,109742,3498],{"class":76},[62,109744,22685],{"class":80},[62,109746,29861],{"class":76},[14,109748,22351,109749,109752],{},[18,109750,109751],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109754,109755,109756,109758],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109757,55473],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109760,109761,109762,409],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[262,109763,11434],{"href":11246},[48,109765,4397,109767,109769,109770],{"id":109766},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109768,55473],{}," is different from ",[18,109771,102804],{},[14,109773,109774,1940,109776,109778],{},[18,109775,55473],{},[18,109777,102804],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1256,109780,109781],{"id":34956},[18,109782,55473],{},[29,109784,109785,109788],{},[32,109786,109787],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[32,109789,109790],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[53,109792,109794],{"className":55,"code":109793,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109795,109796,109828],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109797,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109799,36253],{"class":68},[62,109801,73],{"class":72},[62,109803,256],{"class":95},[62,109805,259],{"class":76},[62,109807,262],{"class":80},[62,109809,259],{"class":76},[62,109811,103],{"class":95},[62,109813,77],{"class":76},[62,109815,277],{"class":80},[62,109817,259],{"class":76},[62,109819,103],{"class":95},[62,109821,77],{"class":76},[62,109823,9912],{"class":80},[62,109825,259],{"class":76},[62,109827,287],{"class":95},[62,109829,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,109831,582],{"class":68},[62,109833,409],{"class":95},[62,109835,34956],{"class":139},[62,109837,131],{"class":95},[62,109839,259],{"class":76},[62,109841,18931],{"class":80},[62,109843,259],{"class":76},[62,109845,434],{"class":95},[14,109847,108604],{},[53,109849,109851],{"className":55,"code":109850,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109852,109853],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109854,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109856,19851],{"class":430},[62,109858,267],{"class":95},[62,109860,3498],{"class":76},[62,109862,18931],{"class":80},[62,109864,29861],{"class":76},[1256,109866,109867],{"id":102871},[18,109868,102804],{},[29,109870,109871,109873],{},[32,109872,109787],{},[32,109874,109875],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[53,109877,109879],{"className":55,"code":109878,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,109880,109881,109913,109931],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109882,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109884,36253],{"class":68},[62,109886,73],{"class":72},[62,109888,256],{"class":95},[62,109890,259],{"class":76},[62,109892,262],{"class":80},[62,109894,259],{"class":76},[62,109896,103],{"class":95},[62,109898,77],{"class":76},[62,109900,277],{"class":80},[62,109902,259],{"class":76},[62,109904,103],{"class":95},[62,109906,77],{"class":76},[62,109908,9912],{"class":80},[62,109910,259],{"class":76},[62,109912,287],{"class":95},[62,109914,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,109916,582],{"class":68},[62,109918,409],{"class":95},[62,109920,102871],{"class":139},[62,109922,131],{"class":95},[62,109924,259],{"class":76},[62,109926,18931],{"class":80},[62,109928,259],{"class":76},[62,109930,434],{"class":95},[62,109932,109933,109935,109937,109939],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,109934,128],{"class":127},[62,109936,131],{"class":95},[62,109938,582],{"class":139},[62,109940,434],{"class":95},[14,109942,109943],{},[3946,109944,2282],{},[53,109946,109948],{"className":55,"code":109947,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,109949,109950],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,109951,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,109953,9452],{"class":95},[62,109955,3503],{"class":76},[62,109957,262],{"class":80},[62,109959,3503],{"class":76},[62,109961,103],{"class":95},[62,109963,3498],{"class":76},[62,109965,277],{"class":80},[62,109967,3503],{"class":76},[62,109969,103],{"class":95},[62,109971,3498],{"class":76},[62,109973,9912],{"class":80},[62,109975,3503],{"class":76},[62,109977,287],{"class":95},[14,109979,18858],{},[29,109981,109982,109987],{},[32,109983,109984,109986],{},[18,109985,55473],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[32,109988,109989,109991],{},[18,109990,102804],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109993,109994,109995,409],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[262,109996,96764,109997,10912],{"href":108407},[18,109998,102804],{},[48,110000,4718],{"id":4717},[1256,110002,8631,110004,97144],{"id":110003},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,110005,55473],{},[14,110007,110008,110010,110011,409],{},[18,110009,55473],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,110012,1548],{},[14,110014,16810],{},[53,110016,110018],{"className":55,"code":110017,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,110019,110020,110052,110074],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110021,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110023,788],{"class":68},[62,110025,73],{"class":72},[62,110027,256],{"class":95},[62,110029,259],{"class":76},[62,110031,797],{"class":80},[62,110033,259],{"class":76},[62,110035,103],{"class":95},[62,110037,77],{"class":76},[62,110039,815],{"class":80},[62,110041,259],{"class":76},[62,110043,103],{"class":95},[62,110045,77],{"class":76},[62,110047,806],{"class":80},[62,110049,259],{"class":76},[62,110051,287],{"class":95},[62,110053,110054,110056,110058,110060,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,110055,13286],{"class":68},[62,110057,73],{"class":72},[62,110059,13291],{"class":68},[62,110061,409],{"class":95},[62,110063,34956],{"class":139},[62,110065,131],{"class":95},[62,110067,259],{"class":76},[62,110069,815],{"class":80},[62,110071,259],{"class":76},[62,110073,434],{"class":95},[62,110075,110076,110078,110080,110082],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,110077,128],{"class":127},[62,110079,131],{"class":95},[62,110081,13310],{"class":139},[62,110083,434],{"class":95},[14,110085,110086],{},[3946,110087,2282],{},[53,110089,110090],{"className":55,"code":11979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,110091,110092],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110093,110094],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110095,11979],{"class":1618},[14,110097,16822],{},[53,110099,110100],{"className":55,"code":109310,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,110101,110102,110134,110152],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110103,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128,110130,110132],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110105,788],{"class":68},[62,110107,73],{"class":72},[62,110109,256],{"class":95},[62,110111,259],{"class":76},[62,110113,797],{"class":80},[62,110115,259],{"class":76},[62,110117,103],{"class":95},[62,110119,77],{"class":76},[62,110121,815],{"class":80},[62,110123,259],{"class":76},[62,110125,103],{"class":95},[62,110127,77],{"class":76},[62,110129,806],{"class":80},[62,110131,259],{"class":76},[62,110133,287],{"class":95},[62,110135,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,110137,832],{"class":68},[62,110139,409],{"class":95},[62,110141,34956],{"class":139},[62,110143,131],{"class":95},[62,110145,259],{"class":76},[62,110147,815],{"class":80},[62,110149,259],{"class":76},[62,110151,434],{"class":95},[62,110153,110154,110156,110158,110160],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,110155,128],{"class":127},[62,110157,131],{"class":95},[62,110159,832],{"class":139},[62,110161,434],{"class":95},[1256,110163,110165],{"id":110164},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110167,110168,110169,409],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,110170,19851],{},[53,110172,110174],{"className":55,"code":110173,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110175,110176,110200],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110177,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110179,788],{"class":68},[62,110181,73],{"class":72},[62,110183,256],{"class":95},[62,110185,259],{"class":76},[62,110187,797],{"class":80},[62,110189,259],{"class":76},[62,110191,103],{"class":95},[62,110193,77],{"class":76},[62,110195,815],{"class":80},[62,110197,259],{"class":76},[62,110199,287],{"class":95},[62,110201,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,110203,832],{"class":68},[62,110205,409],{"class":95},[62,110207,34956],{"class":139},[62,110209,131],{"class":95},[62,110211,259],{"class":76},[62,110213,806],{"class":80},[62,110215,259],{"class":76},[62,110217,434],{"class":95},[14,110219,110220,110221,267],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110222,4082],{},[53,110224,110226],{"className":55,"code":110225,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110227,110228,110252,110256,110272],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110229,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110231,788],{"class":68},[62,110233,73],{"class":72},[62,110235,256],{"class":95},[62,110237,259],{"class":76},[62,110239,797],{"class":80},[62,110241,259],{"class":76},[62,110243,103],{"class":95},[62,110245,77],{"class":76},[62,110247,815],{"class":80},[62,110249,259],{"class":76},[62,110251,287],{"class":95},[62,110253,110254],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,110255,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,110257,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,110259,730],{"class":729},[62,110261,77],{"class":76},[62,110263,806],{"class":80},[62,110265,259],{"class":76},[62,110267,21336],{"class":72},[62,110269,13291],{"class":68},[62,110271,749],{"class":95},[62,110273,110274,110277,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287,110289],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,110275,110276],{"class":68},"    colors",[62,110278,409],{"class":95},[62,110280,34956],{"class":139},[62,110282,131],{"class":95},[62,110284,259],{"class":76},[62,110286,806],{"class":80},[62,110288,259],{"class":76},[62,110290,434],{"class":95},[14,110292,110293,110294,110298],{},"Or use ",[262,110295,110296],{"href":108407},[18,110297,102804],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1256,110300,37366,110302,8884,110304],{"id":110301},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110303,102818],{},[18,110305,55019],{},[14,110307,110308],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110310,110311,110312,110314],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110313,102818],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110316,110317,110318,409],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[262,110319,99028],{"href":99027},[1256,110321,110323],{"id":110322},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110325,108313],{},[14,110327,110328],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[48,110330,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,110332,12875,110334,97243],{"id":110333},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110335,102818],{},[14,110337,110338,110339,409],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110340,1548],{},[1256,110342,30449,110344,110346],{"id":110343},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110345,102818],{}," raise?",[14,110348,30455,110349,110351],{},[18,110350,19851],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1256,110353,21583,110355,2022,110357,632],{"id":110354},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110356,55473],{},[18,110358,102804],{},[14,110360,169,110361,110363,110364,110366],{},[18,110362,55473],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110365,102804],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1256,110368,5368,110370,110372],{"id":110369},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110371,102818],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110374,110375],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[48,110377,2109],{"id":2108},[29,110379,110380,110386,110392,110396,110400],{},[32,110381,110382],{},[262,110383,96764,110384,10912],{"href":108407},[18,110385,102804],{},[32,110387,110388],{},[262,110389,96764,110390,10912],{"href":98164},[18,110391,12934],{},[32,110393,110394],{},[262,110395,97288],{"href":97833},[32,110397,110398],{},[262,110399,100294],{"href":99027},[32,110401,110402],{},[262,110403,11434],{"href":11246},[2145,110405,110406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":110408},[110409,110410,110412,110413,110414,110415,110420,110428,110438],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":109410,"depth":87,"text":110411},"What set.remove() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":109661,"depth":87,"text":109662},{"id":109766,"depth":87,"text":110416,"children":110417},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110418,110419],{"id":34956,"depth":117,"text":55473},{"id":102871,"depth":117,"text":102804},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":110421},[110422,110424,110425,110427],{"id":110003,"depth":117,"text":110423},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110164,"depth":117,"text":110165},{"id":110301,"depth":117,"text":110426},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110322,"depth":117,"text":110323},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":110429},[110430,110432,110434,110436],{"id":110333,"depth":117,"text":110431},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110343,"depth":117,"text":110433},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110354,"depth":117,"text":110435},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110369,"depth":117,"text":110437},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109284,"description":110439},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110446,"title":110447,"body":110448,"description":111821,"extension":2174,"meta":111822,"navigation":120,"path":111823,"seo":111824,"stem":111825,"__hash__":111826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110449,"toc":111796},[110450,110456,110462,110465,110468,110482,110484,110565,110568,110573,110577,110591,110598,110600,110619,110622,110640,110642,110722,110724,110749,110753,110756,110764,110769,110774,110776,110789,110794,110797,110821,110824,110832,110834,110837,110934,110936,110969,110971,110997,111004,111007,111011,111019,111023,111031,111033,111123,111125,111139,111146,111151,111156,111158,111249,111251,111263,111265,111279,111285,111293,111295,111377,111379,111424,111427,111435,111438,111440,111444,111487,111489,111509,111514,111516,111601,111603,111608,111610,111617,111625,111631,111634,111636,111722,111724,111748,111752,111755,111757,111784,111794],[10,110451,96150,110453,11494],{"id":110452},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110454,110455],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110457,110458,110461],{},[18,110459,110460],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110463,110464],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110466,110467],{},"Use it when:",[29,110469,110470,110473,110479],{},[32,110471,110472],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[32,110474,110475,110476,110478],{},"you do ",[3946,110477,4830],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[32,110480,110481],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[48,110483,3813],{"id":3812},[53,110485,110487],{"className":55,"code":110486,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110488,110489,110509,110529,110533,110552],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110490,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110492,2758],{"class":68},[62,110494,73],{"class":72},[62,110496,256],{"class":95},[62,110498,499],{"class":99},[62,110500,103],{"class":95},[62,110502,284],{"class":99},[62,110504,103],{"class":95},[62,110506,508],{"class":99},[62,110508,287],{"class":95},[62,110510,110511,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,110512,2786],{"class":68},[62,110514,73],{"class":72},[62,110516,256],{"class":95},[62,110518,2273],{"class":99},[62,110520,103],{"class":95},[62,110522,2661],{"class":99},[62,110524,103],{"class":95},[62,110526,4804],{"class":99},[62,110528,287],{"class":95},[62,110530,110531],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,110532,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,110534,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110546,110548,110550],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,110536,2435],{"class":68},[62,110538,73],{"class":72},[62,110540,56832],{"class":68},[62,110542,409],{"class":95},[62,110544,110545],{"class":139},"symmetric_difference",[62,110547,131],{"class":95},[62,110549,277],{"class":139},[62,110551,434],{"class":95},[62,110553,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,110555,128],{"class":127},[62,110557,131],{"class":95},[62,110559,2470],{"class":139},[62,110561,741],{"class":95},[62,110563,110564],{"class":146},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110566,110567],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[48,110569,3879,110571,3882],{"id":110570},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110572,110455],{},[14,110574,110575,267],{},[18,110576,110460],{},[29,110578,110579,110582,110585,110588],{},[32,110580,110581],{},"returns a new set",[32,110583,110584],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[32,110586,110587],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[32,110589,110590],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110592,96274,110593,2022,110595,409],{},[262,110594,96278],{"href":96277},[262,110596,110597],{"href":96281},"creating a set in Python",[48,110599,413],{"id":412},[53,110601,110603],{"className":55,"code":110602,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110604,110605],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110606,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110608,100535],{"class":68},[62,110610,409],{"class":95},[62,110612,110545],{"class":139},[62,110614,131],{"class":95},[62,110616,100544],{"class":139},[62,110618,434],{"class":95},[14,110620,110621],{},"Notes:",[29,110623,110624,110629,110634,110637],{},[32,110625,110626,110628],{},[18,110627,100535],{}," must be a set",[32,110630,110631,110633],{},[18,110632,100544],{}," can be any iterable",[32,110635,110636],{},"the result is always a set",[32,110638,110639],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110641,201],{},[53,110643,110645],{"className":55,"code":110644,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110646,110647,110668,110689,110693,110712],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110648,110649,110652,110654,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664,110666],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110650,110651],{"class":68},"set1 ",[62,110653,73],{"class":72},[62,110655,256],{"class":95},[62,110657,499],{"class":99},[62,110659,103],{"class":95},[62,110661,284],{"class":99},[62,110663,103],{"class":95},[62,110665,508],{"class":99},[62,110667,287],{"class":95},[62,110669,110670,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,110671,110672],{"class":68},"set2 ",[62,110674,73],{"class":72},[62,110676,256],{"class":95},[62,110678,2273],{"class":99},[62,110680,103],{"class":95},[62,110682,2661],{"class":99},[62,110684,103],{"class":95},[62,110686,4804],{"class":99},[62,110688,287],{"class":95},[62,110690,110691],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,110692,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,110694,110695,110697,110699,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,110696,2435],{"class":68},[62,110698,73],{"class":72},[62,110700,110701],{"class":68}," set1",[62,110703,409],{"class":95},[62,110705,110545],{"class":139},[62,110707,131],{"class":95},[62,110709,100544],{"class":139},[62,110711,434],{"class":95},[62,110713,110714,110716,110718,110720],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,110715,128],{"class":127},[62,110717,131],{"class":95},[62,110719,2470],{"class":139},[62,110721,434],{"class":95},[14,110723,2282],{},[53,110725,110727],{"className":55,"code":110726,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110728,110729],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110730,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110732,9452],{"class":95},[62,110734,499],{"class":99},[62,110736,103],{"class":95},[62,110738,284],{"class":99},[62,110740,103],{"class":95},[62,110742,2661],{"class":99},[62,110744,103],{"class":95},[62,110746,4804],{"class":99},[62,110748,287],{"class":95},[48,110750,110752],{"id":110751},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110754,110755],{},"The result includes:",[29,110757,110758,110761],{},[32,110759,110760],{},"items only in the first set",[32,110762,110763],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110765,110766,110767,11255],{},"The result does ",[3946,110768,4830],{},[29,110770,110771],{},[32,110772,110773],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110775,5670],{},[29,110777,110778,110783],{},[32,110779,110780,110781],{},"first set: ",[18,110782,100232],{},[32,110784,110785,110786],{},"second set: ",[18,110787,110788],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110790,4249,110791,110793],{},[18,110792,2273],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110795,110796],{},"The output is:",[53,110798,110799],{"className":55,"code":110726,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,110800,110801],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110802,110803,110805,110807,110809,110811,110813,110815,110817,110819],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110804,9452],{"class":95},[62,110806,499],{"class":99},[62,110808,103],{"class":95},[62,110810,284],{"class":99},[62,110812,103],{"class":95},[62,110814,2661],{"class":99},[62,110816,103],{"class":95},[62,110818,4804],{"class":99},[62,110820,287],{"class":95},[14,110822,110823],{},"Also remember:",[29,110825,110826,110829],{},[32,110827,110828],{},"sets are unordered",[32,110830,110831],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[48,110833,11648],{"id":11647},[14,110835,110836],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[53,110838,110840],{"className":55,"code":110839,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110841,110842,110874,110898,110902,110920,110924],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110843,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110845,106975],{"class":68},[62,110847,73],{"class":72},[62,110849,256],{"class":95},[62,110851,259],{"class":76},[62,110853,797],{"class":80},[62,110855,259],{"class":76},[62,110857,103],{"class":95},[62,110859,77],{"class":76},[62,110861,815],{"class":80},[62,110863,259],{"class":76},[62,110865,103],{"class":95},[62,110867,77],{"class":76},[62,110869,806],{"class":80},[62,110871,259],{"class":76},[62,110873,287],{"class":95},[62,110875,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,110877,107008],{"class":68},[62,110879,73],{"class":72},[62,110881,256],{"class":95},[62,110883,259],{"class":76},[62,110885,806],{"class":80},[62,110887,259],{"class":76},[62,110889,103],{"class":95},[62,110891,77],{"class":76},[62,110893,22685],{"class":80},[62,110895,259],{"class":76},[62,110897,287],{"class":95},[62,110899,110900],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,110901,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,110903,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,110905,2435],{"class":68},[62,110907,73],{"class":72},[62,110909,107050],{"class":68},[62,110911,409],{"class":95},[62,110913,110545],{"class":139},[62,110915,131],{"class":95},[62,110917,107059],{"class":139},[62,110919,434],{"class":95},[62,110921,110922],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,110923,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,110925,110926,110928,110930,110932],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,110927,128],{"class":127},[62,110929,131],{"class":95},[62,110931,2470],{"class":139},[62,110933,434],{"class":95},[14,110935,2282],{},[53,110937,110939],{"className":55,"code":110938,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,110940,110941],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,110942,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,110944,9452],{"class":95},[62,110946,3503],{"class":76},[62,110948,797],{"class":80},[62,110950,3503],{"class":76},[62,110952,103],{"class":95},[62,110954,3498],{"class":76},[62,110956,815],{"class":80},[62,110958,3503],{"class":76},[62,110960,103],{"class":95},[62,110962,3498],{"class":76},[62,110964,22685],{"class":80},[62,110966,3503],{"class":76},[62,110968,287],{"class":95},[14,110970,13576],{},[29,110972,110973,110978,110989],{},[32,110974,110975,110977],{},[18,110976,96443],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[32,110979,110980,1940,110982,110985,110986,110988],{},[18,110981,65339],{},[18,110983,110984],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,110987,107112],{},", so they stay",[32,110990,110991,110993,110994,110996],{},[18,110992,109751],{}," is only in ",[18,110995,107059],{},", so it stays",[48,110998,111000,10756,111002],{"id":110999},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,111001,110455],{},[18,111003,100364],{},[14,111005,111006],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111008,111009,267],{},[18,111010,100364],{},[29,111012,111013,111016],{},[32,111014,111015],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[32,111017,111018],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111020,111021,267],{},[18,111022,110455],{},[29,111024,111025,111028],{},[32,111026,111027],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[32,111029,111030],{},"removes shared items",[14,111032,201],{},[53,111034,111036],{"className":55,"code":111035,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111037,111038,111058,111078,111082,111103],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111039,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111041,2758],{"class":68},[62,111043,73],{"class":72},[62,111045,256],{"class":95},[62,111047,499],{"class":99},[62,111049,103],{"class":95},[62,111051,284],{"class":99},[62,111053,103],{"class":95},[62,111055,508],{"class":99},[62,111057,287],{"class":95},[62,111059,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,111061,2786],{"class":68},[62,111063,73],{"class":72},[62,111065,256],{"class":95},[62,111067,2273],{"class":99},[62,111069,103],{"class":95},[62,111071,2661],{"class":99},[62,111073,103],{"class":95},[62,111075,4804],{"class":99},[62,111077,287],{"class":95},[62,111079,111080],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,111081,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,111083,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,111085,128],{"class":127},[62,111087,131],{"class":95},[62,111089,262],{"class":139},[62,111091,409],{"class":95},[62,111093,3016],{"class":139},[62,111095,131],{"class":95},[62,111097,277],{"class":139},[62,111099,143],{"class":95},[62,111101,111102],{"class":146},"            # {1, 2}\n",[62,111104,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,111106,128],{"class":127},[62,111108,131],{"class":95},[62,111110,262],{"class":139},[62,111112,409],{"class":95},[62,111114,110545],{"class":139},[62,111116,131],{"class":95},[62,111118,277],{"class":139},[62,111120,143],{"class":95},[62,111122,110564],{"class":146},[14,111124,18858],{},[29,111126,111127,111134],{},[32,111128,111129,111133],{},[262,111130,111131],{"href":102790},[18,111132,100364],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[32,111135,111136,111138],{},[18,111137,110455],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[48,111140,111142,10756,111144],{"id":111141},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,111143,110455],{},[18,111145,102749],{},[14,111147,111148,111150],{},[18,111149,102749],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111152,111153,111155],{},[18,111154,110455],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111157,201],{},[53,111159,111161],{"className":55,"code":111160,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111162,111163,111183,111203,111207,111229],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111166,2758],{"class":68},[62,111168,73],{"class":72},[62,111170,256],{"class":95},[62,111172,499],{"class":99},[62,111174,103],{"class":95},[62,111176,284],{"class":99},[62,111178,103],{"class":95},[62,111180,508],{"class":99},[62,111182,287],{"class":95},[62,111184,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199,111201],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,111186,2786],{"class":68},[62,111188,73],{"class":72},[62,111190,256],{"class":95},[62,111192,2273],{"class":99},[62,111194,103],{"class":95},[62,111196,2661],{"class":99},[62,111198,103],{"class":95},[62,111200,4804],{"class":99},[62,111202,287],{"class":95},[62,111204,111205],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,111206,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,111208,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111220,111222,111224,111226],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,111210,128],{"class":127},[62,111212,131],{"class":95},[62,111214,262],{"class":139},[62,111216,409],{"class":95},[62,111218,111219],{"class":139},"union",[62,111221,131],{"class":95},[62,111223,277],{"class":139},[62,111225,143],{"class":95},[62,111227,111228],{"class":146},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[62,111230,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,111232,128],{"class":127},[62,111234,131],{"class":95},[62,111236,262],{"class":139},[62,111238,409],{"class":95},[62,111240,110545],{"class":139},[62,111242,131],{"class":95},[62,111244,277],{"class":139},[62,111246,143],{"class":95},[62,111248,110564],{"class":146},[14,111250,27382],{},[29,111252,111253,111258],{},[32,111254,111255,111257],{},[18,111256,102749],{}," includes everything",[32,111259,111260,111262],{},[18,111261,110455],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111264,18858],{},[29,111266,111267,111274],{},[32,111268,111269,111273],{},[262,111270,111271],{"href":107680},[18,111272,102749],{}," when overlap does not matter",[32,111275,111276,111278],{},[18,111277,110455],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[48,111280,36774,111282,101548],{"id":111281},"using-the-operator",[18,111283,111284],{},"^",[14,111286,111287,111288,111290,111291,409],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111289,111284],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111292,110455],{},[14,111294,201],{},[53,111296,111298],{"className":55,"code":111297,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111299,111300,111320,111340,111344,111362],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111301,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111303,110651],{"class":68},[62,111305,73],{"class":72},[62,111307,256],{"class":95},[62,111309,499],{"class":99},[62,111311,103],{"class":95},[62,111313,284],{"class":99},[62,111315,103],{"class":95},[62,111317,508],{"class":99},[62,111319,287],{"class":95},[62,111321,111322,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,111323,110672],{"class":68},[62,111325,73],{"class":72},[62,111327,256],{"class":95},[62,111329,2273],{"class":99},[62,111331,103],{"class":95},[62,111333,2661],{"class":99},[62,111335,103],{"class":95},[62,111337,4804],{"class":99},[62,111339,287],{"class":95},[62,111341,111342],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,111343,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,111345,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,111347,128],{"class":127},[62,111349,131],{"class":95},[62,111351,100535],{"class":139},[62,111353,409],{"class":95},[62,111355,110545],{"class":139},[62,111357,131],{"class":95},[62,111359,100544],{"class":139},[62,111361,1013],{"class":95},[62,111363,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111375],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,111365,128],{"class":127},[62,111367,131],{"class":95},[62,111369,110651],{"class":139},[62,111371,111284],{"class":72},[62,111373,111374],{"class":139}," set2",[62,111376,434],{"class":95},[14,111378,30191],{},[53,111380,111382],{"className":55,"code":111381,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111383,111384,111404],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111385,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111387,9452],{"class":95},[62,111389,499],{"class":99},[62,111391,103],{"class":95},[62,111393,284],{"class":99},[62,111395,103],{"class":95},[62,111397,2661],{"class":99},[62,111399,103],{"class":95},[62,111401,4804],{"class":99},[62,111403,287],{"class":95},[62,111405,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420,111422],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,111407,9452],{"class":95},[62,111409,499],{"class":99},[62,111411,103],{"class":95},[62,111413,284],{"class":99},[62,111415,103],{"class":95},[62,111417,2661],{"class":99},[62,111419,103],{"class":95},[62,111421,4804],{"class":99},[62,111423,287],{"class":95},[14,111425,111426],{},"Both forms:",[29,111428,111429,111432],{},[32,111430,111431],{},"return a new set",[32,111433,111434],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111436,111437],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[48,111439,4718],{"id":4717},[14,111441,21374,111442,267],{},[18,111443,110455],{},[29,111445,111446,111454,111464,111479],{},[32,111447,111448,111451,111453],{},[3946,111449,111450],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10018,111452],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[32,111455,111456,111459,111461,111463],{},[3946,111457,111458],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10018,111460],{},[18,111462,110455],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[32,111465,111466,111471,111473,111475,111476,111478],{},[3946,111467,111468,111469],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111470,100364],{},[10018,111472],{},[18,111474,100364],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111477,110455],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[32,111480,111481,111484,111486],{},[3946,111482,111483],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10018,111485],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111488,58807],{},[29,111490,111491,111500,111503,111506],{},[32,111492,50642,111493,44781,111495,111499],{},[18,111494,110455],{},[262,111496,111497],{"href":107680},[18,111498,102749],{}," is actually needed",[32,111501,111502],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[32,111504,111505],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[32,111507,111508],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111510,111511,111512,409],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[262,111513,99028],{"href":105293},[14,111515,62241],{},[53,111517,111519],{"className":55,"code":111518,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111520,111521,111531,111541,111559,111573,111587],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111522,111523,111525,111527,111529],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111524,128],{"class":127},[62,111526,131],{"class":95},[62,111528,100535],{"class":139},[62,111530,434],{"class":95},[62,111532,111533,111535,111537,111539],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,111534,128],{"class":127},[62,111536,131],{"class":95},[62,111538,100544],{"class":139},[62,111540,434],{"class":95},[62,111542,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,111544,128],{"class":127},[62,111546,131],{"class":95},[62,111548,100535],{"class":139},[62,111550,409],{"class":95},[62,111552,110545],{"class":139},[62,111554,131],{"class":95},[62,111556,100544],{"class":139},[62,111558,1013],{"class":95},[62,111560,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,111562,128],{"class":127},[62,111564,131],{"class":95},[62,111566,110651],{"class":139},[62,111568,111284],{"class":72},[62,111570,111374],{"class":139},[62,111572,434],{"class":95},[62,111574,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,111576,128],{"class":127},[62,111578,131],{"class":95},[62,111580,1690],{"class":430},[62,111582,131],{"class":95},[62,111584,100535],{"class":139},[62,111586,1013],{"class":95},[62,111588,111589,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,111590,128],{"class":127},[62,111592,131],{"class":95},[62,111594,1690],{"class":430},[62,111596,131],{"class":95},[62,111598,100544],{"class":139},[62,111600,1013],{"class":95},[48,111602,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,111604,12875,111606,102689],{"id":111605},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111607,110455],{},[14,111609,102692],{},[1256,111611,5378,111613,1940,111615,632],{"id":111612},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111614,110455],{},[18,111616,100364],{},[14,111618,111619,111621,111622,111624],{},[18,111620,100364],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111623,110455],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1256,111626,28489,111628,111630],{"id":111627},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111629,110455],{}," with lists?",[14,111632,111633],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111635,201],{},[53,111637,111639],{"className":55,"code":111638,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111640,111641,111661,111681,111685,111712],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111642,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111644,80605],{"class":68},[62,111646,73],{"class":72},[62,111648,96],{"class":95},[62,111650,499],{"class":99},[62,111652,103],{"class":95},[62,111654,284],{"class":99},[62,111656,103],{"class":95},[62,111658,508],{"class":99},[62,111660,114],{"class":95},[62,111662,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,111664,80626],{"class":68},[62,111666,73],{"class":72},[62,111668,96],{"class":95},[62,111670,2273],{"class":99},[62,111672,103],{"class":95},[62,111674,2661],{"class":99},[62,111676,103],{"class":95},[62,111678,4804],{"class":99},[62,111680,114],{"class":95},[62,111682,111683],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,111684,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,111686,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,111688,2435],{"class":68},[62,111690,73],{"class":72},[62,111692,15800],{"class":430},[62,111694,131],{"class":95},[62,111696,111697],{"class":139},"list1",[62,111699,8810],{"class":95},[62,111701,110545],{"class":139},[62,111703,131],{"class":95},[62,111705,6482],{"class":430},[62,111707,131],{"class":95},[62,111709,80892],{"class":139},[62,111711,1013],{"class":95},[62,111713,111714,111716,111718,111720],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,111715,128],{"class":127},[62,111717,131],{"class":95},[62,111719,2470],{"class":139},[62,111721,434],{"class":95},[14,111723,2282],{},[53,111725,111726],{"className":55,"code":110726,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,111727,111728],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111729,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111731,9452],{"class":95},[62,111733,499],{"class":99},[62,111735,103],{"class":95},[62,111737,284],{"class":99},[62,111739,103],{"class":95},[62,111741,2661],{"class":99},[62,111743,103],{"class":95},[62,111745,4804],{"class":99},[62,111747,287],{"class":95},[1256,111749,111751],{"id":111750},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111753,111754],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[48,111756,2109],{"id":2108},[29,111758,111759,111763,111768,111774,111780],{},[32,111760,111761],{},[262,111762,96278],{"href":96277},[32,111764,111765],{},[262,111766,111767],{"href":96281},"Creating a set in Python",[32,111769,111770],{},[262,111771,96764,111772,10912],{"href":102790},[18,111773,100364],{},[32,111775,111776],{},[262,111777,96764,111778,10912],{"href":107680},[18,111779,102749],{},[32,111781,111782],{},[262,111783,100294],{"href":105293},[14,111785,111786,111787,399,111789,404,111791,111793],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111788,100364],{},[18,111790,102749],{},[18,111792,110455],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2145,111795,57186],{},{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":111797},[111798,111799,111801,111802,111803,111804,111806,111808,111810,111811,111820],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":110570,"depth":87,"text":111800},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":110751,"depth":87,"text":110752},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":110999,"depth":87,"text":111805},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111141,"depth":87,"text":111807},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111281,"depth":87,"text":111809},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":111812},[111813,111815,111817,111819],{"id":111605,"depth":117,"text":111814},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111612,"depth":117,"text":111816},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111627,"depth":117,"text":111818},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111750,"depth":117,"text":111751},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110447,"description":111821},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111828,"title":111829,"body":111830,"description":113893,"extension":2174,"meta":113894,"navigation":120,"path":107680,"seo":113895,"stem":113896,"__hash__":113897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111831,"toc":113852},[111832,111837,111842,111845,111858,111860,111942,111947,111952,111956,111968,111971,111975,111977,112004,112006,112017,112020,112089,112091,112097,112100,112110,112112,112201,112206,112208,112215,112218,112220,112223,112343,112345,112414,112417,112434,112439,112442,112558,112560,112589,112592,112598,112603,112607,112688,112690,112718,112723,112727,112822,112824,112865,112869,112872,112939,112941,112982,112988,113003,113010,113017,113021,113027,113113,113117,113125,113196,113201,113208,113210,113216,113218,113283,113285,113301,113306,113309,113378,113382,113385,113444,113447,113451,113504,113517,113520,113573,113577,113579,113610,113613,113618,113671,113675,113678,113699,113711,113713,113766,113768,113773,113775,113781,113784,113790,113795,113799,113802,113810,113819,113821,113849],[10,111833,3779,111835,11494],{"id":111834},"python-setunion-method",[18,111836,107993],{},[14,111838,111839,111841],{},[18,111840,107993],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111843,111844],{},"It is useful when you want:",[29,111846,111847,111850,111855],{},[32,111848,111849],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[32,111851,2758,111852,111854],{},[3946,111853,100719],{}," as the result",[32,111856,111857],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[48,111859,51],{"id":50},[53,111861,111863],{"className":55,"code":111862,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111864,111865,111885,111905,111909,111927,111937],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111866,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111868,110651],{"class":68},[62,111870,73],{"class":72},[62,111872,256],{"class":95},[62,111874,499],{"class":99},[62,111876,103],{"class":95},[62,111878,284],{"class":99},[62,111880,103],{"class":95},[62,111882,508],{"class":99},[62,111884,287],{"class":95},[62,111886,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,111888,110672],{"class":68},[62,111890,73],{"class":72},[62,111892,256],{"class":95},[62,111894,2273],{"class":99},[62,111896,103],{"class":95},[62,111898,2661],{"class":99},[62,111900,103],{"class":95},[62,111902,4804],{"class":99},[62,111904,287],{"class":95},[62,111906,111907],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,111908,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,111910,111911,111913,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,111912,2435],{"class":68},[62,111914,73],{"class":72},[62,111916,110701],{"class":68},[62,111918,409],{"class":95},[62,111920,111219],{"class":139},[62,111922,131],{"class":95},[62,111924,100544],{"class":139},[62,111926,434],{"class":95},[62,111928,111929,111931,111933,111935],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,111930,128],{"class":127},[62,111932,131],{"class":95},[62,111934,2470],{"class":139},[62,111936,434],{"class":95},[62,111938,111939],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,111940,111941],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111943,111944,111946],{},[18,111945,102749],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[48,111948,3879,111950,3882],{"id":111949},"what-setunion-does",[18,111951,107993],{},[14,111953,111954,267],{},[18,111955,107993],{},[29,111957,111958,111961,111964,111966],{},[32,111959,111960],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[32,111962,111963],{},"keeps only unique values",[32,111965,110581],{},[32,111967,110590],{},[14,111969,111970],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111972,96274,111973,409],{},[262,111974,96278],{"href":97449},[48,111976,413],{"id":412},[53,111978,111980],{"className":55,"code":111979,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,111981,111982],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,111983,111984,111986,111988,111990,111992,111994,111996,111998,112000,112002],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,111985,100535],{"class":68},[62,111987,409],{"class":95},[62,111989,111219],{"class":139},[62,111991,131],{"class":95},[62,111993,100544],{"class":139},[62,111995,103],{"class":95},[62,111997,100571],{"class":139},[62,111999,103],{"class":95},[62,112001,34617],{"class":127},[62,112003,434],{"class":95},[14,112005,13222],{},[29,112007,112008,112011,112014],{},[32,112009,112010],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[32,112012,112013],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[32,112015,112016],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112018,112019],{},"Example with two sets:",[53,112021,112023],{"className":55,"code":112022,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112024,112025,112041,112057,112061,112079],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112026,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112028,2758],{"class":68},[62,112030,73],{"class":72},[62,112032,256],{"class":95},[62,112034,499],{"class":99},[62,112036,103],{"class":95},[62,112038,284],{"class":99},[62,112040,287],{"class":95},[62,112042,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,112044,2786],{"class":68},[62,112046,73],{"class":72},[62,112048,256],{"class":95},[62,112050,1935],{"class":99},[62,112052,103],{"class":95},[62,112054,508],{"class":99},[62,112056,287],{"class":95},[62,112058,112059],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,112060,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112062,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,112064,2435],{"class":68},[62,112066,73],{"class":72},[62,112068,56832],{"class":68},[62,112070,409],{"class":95},[62,112072,111219],{"class":139},[62,112074,131],{"class":95},[62,112076,277],{"class":139},[62,112078,434],{"class":95},[62,112080,112081,112083,112085,112087],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,112082,128],{"class":127},[62,112084,131],{"class":95},[62,112086,2470],{"class":139},[62,112088,434],{"class":95},[48,112090,22132],{"id":22131},[14,112092,112093,100716,112095,409],{},[18,112094,107993],{},[3946,112096,100719],{},[14,112098,112099],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[29,112101,112102,112105],{},[32,112103,112104],{},"the original set",[32,112106,112107,112108],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,112109,102749],{},[14,112111,201],{},[53,112113,112115],{"className":55,"code":112114,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,112116,112117,112133,112149,112153,112171,112175,112188],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112118,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112120,2758],{"class":68},[62,112122,73],{"class":72},[62,112124,256],{"class":95},[62,112126,499],{"class":99},[62,112128,103],{"class":95},[62,112130,284],{"class":99},[62,112132,287],{"class":95},[62,112134,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,112136,2786],{"class":68},[62,112138,73],{"class":72},[62,112140,256],{"class":95},[62,112142,1935],{"class":99},[62,112144,103],{"class":95},[62,112146,508],{"class":99},[62,112148,287],{"class":95},[62,112150,112151],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,112152,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112154,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,112156,2435],{"class":68},[62,112158,73],{"class":72},[62,112160,56832],{"class":68},[62,112162,409],{"class":95},[62,112164,111219],{"class":139},[62,112166,131],{"class":95},[62,112168,277],{"class":139},[62,112170,434],{"class":95},[62,112172,112173],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,112174,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112176,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,112178,128],{"class":127},[62,112180,131],{"class":95},[62,112182,2470],{"class":139},[62,112184,741],{"class":95},[62,112186,112187],{"class":146},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[62,112189,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,112191,128],{"class":127},[62,112193,131],{"class":95},[62,112195,262],{"class":139},[62,112197,741],{"class":95},[62,112199,112200],{"class":146},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112202,2492,112203,112205],{},[18,112204,262],{}," did not change.",[14,112207,110823],{},[29,112209,112210,112212],{},[32,112211,110828],{},[32,112213,112214],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112216,112217],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[48,112219,11648],{"id":11647},[14,112221,112222],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[53,112224,112226],{"className":55,"code":112225,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112227,112228,112261,112294,112298,112318,112322,112332],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112229,112230,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112231,112232],{"class":68},"fruits1 ",[62,112234,73],{"class":72},[62,112236,256],{"class":95},[62,112238,259],{"class":76},[62,112240,901],{"class":80},[62,112242,259],{"class":76},[62,112244,103],{"class":95},[62,112246,77],{"class":76},[62,112248,910],{"class":80},[62,112250,259],{"class":76},[62,112252,103],{"class":95},[62,112254,77],{"class":76},[62,112256,33383],{"class":80},[62,112258,259],{"class":76},[62,112260,287],{"class":95},[62,112262,112263,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,112264,112265],{"class":68},"fruits2 ",[62,112267,73],{"class":72},[62,112269,256],{"class":95},[62,112271,259],{"class":76},[62,112273,910],{"class":80},[62,112275,259],{"class":76},[62,112277,103],{"class":95},[62,112279,77],{"class":76},[62,112281,22694],{"class":80},[62,112283,259],{"class":76},[62,112285,103],{"class":95},[62,112287,77],{"class":76},[62,112289,33383],{"class":80},[62,112291,259],{"class":76},[62,112293,287],{"class":95},[62,112295,112296],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,112297,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112299,112300,112302,112304,112307,112309,112311,112313,112316],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,112301,2435],{"class":68},[62,112303,73],{"class":72},[62,112305,112306],{"class":68}," fruits1",[62,112308,409],{"class":95},[62,112310,111219],{"class":139},[62,112312,131],{"class":95},[62,112314,112315],{"class":139},"fruits2",[62,112317,434],{"class":95},[62,112319,112320],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,112321,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112323,112324,112326,112328,112330],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,112325,128],{"class":127},[62,112327,131],{"class":95},[62,112329,2470],{"class":139},[62,112331,434],{"class":95},[62,112333,112334,112336,112338,112341],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,112335,128],{"class":127},[62,112337,131],{"class":95},[62,112339,112340],{"class":139},"fruits1",[62,112342,434],{"class":95},[14,112344,30191],{},[53,112346,112348],{"className":55,"code":112347,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112349,112350,112386],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112351,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112353,9452],{"class":95},[62,112355,3503],{"class":76},[62,112357,910],{"class":80},[62,112359,3503],{"class":76},[62,112361,103],{"class":95},[62,112363,3498],{"class":76},[62,112365,33383],{"class":80},[62,112367,3503],{"class":76},[62,112369,103],{"class":95},[62,112371,3498],{"class":76},[62,112373,901],{"class":80},[62,112375,3503],{"class":76},[62,112377,103],{"class":95},[62,112379,3498],{"class":76},[62,112381,22694],{"class":80},[62,112383,3503],{"class":76},[62,112385,287],{"class":95},[62,112387,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,112389,9452],{"class":95},[62,112391,3503],{"class":76},[62,112393,910],{"class":80},[62,112395,3503],{"class":76},[62,112397,103],{"class":95},[62,112399,3498],{"class":76},[62,112401,33383],{"class":80},[62,112403,3503],{"class":76},[62,112405,103],{"class":95},[62,112407,3498],{"class":76},[62,112409,901],{"class":80},[62,112411,3503],{"class":76},[62,112413,287],{"class":95},[14,112415,112416],{},"What this shows:",[29,112418,112419,112426,112429],{},[32,112420,112421,1940,112423,112425],{},[18,112422,65221],{},[18,112424,65648],{}," appear in both sets",[32,112427,112428],{},"they appear only once in the result",[32,112430,112431,112433],{},[18,112432,112340],{}," stays unchanged",[48,112435,1834,112437,101108],{"id":112436},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112438,102749],{},[14,112440,112441],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[53,112443,112445],{"className":55,"code":112444,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112446,112447,112463,112479,112496,112513,112517,112544,112548],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112448,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112450,110651],{"class":68},[62,112452,73],{"class":72},[62,112454,256],{"class":95},[62,112456,499],{"class":99},[62,112458,103],{"class":95},[62,112460,284],{"class":99},[62,112462,287],{"class":95},[62,112464,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,112466,110672],{"class":68},[62,112468,73],{"class":72},[62,112470,256],{"class":95},[62,112472,1935],{"class":99},[62,112474,103],{"class":95},[62,112476,508],{"class":99},[62,112478,287],{"class":95},[62,112480,112481,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,112482,112483],{"class":68},"set3 ",[62,112485,73],{"class":72},[62,112487,256],{"class":95},[62,112489,2273],{"class":99},[62,112491,103],{"class":95},[62,112493,2661],{"class":99},[62,112495,287],{"class":95},[62,112497,112498,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,112499,112500],{"class":68},"set4 ",[62,112502,73],{"class":72},[62,112504,256],{"class":95},[62,112506,2708],{"class":99},[62,112508,103],{"class":95},[62,112510,4804],{"class":99},[62,112512,287],{"class":95},[62,112514,112515],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,112516,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112518,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112542],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,112520,2435],{"class":68},[62,112522,73],{"class":72},[62,112524,110701],{"class":68},[62,112526,409],{"class":95},[62,112528,111219],{"class":139},[62,112530,131],{"class":95},[62,112532,100544],{"class":139},[62,112534,103],{"class":95},[62,112536,100571],{"class":139},[62,112538,103],{"class":95},[62,112540,112541],{"class":139}," set4",[62,112543,434],{"class":95},[62,112545,112546],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,112547,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112549,112550,112552,112554,112556],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,112551,128],{"class":127},[62,112553,131],{"class":95},[62,112555,2470],{"class":139},[62,112557,434],{"class":95},[14,112559,30191],{},[53,112561,112563],{"className":55,"code":112562,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112564,112565],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112566,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112568,9452],{"class":95},[62,112570,499],{"class":99},[62,112572,103],{"class":95},[62,112574,284],{"class":99},[62,112576,103],{"class":95},[62,112578,508],{"class":99},[62,112580,103],{"class":95},[62,112582,2661],{"class":99},[62,112584,103],{"class":95},[62,112586,4804],{"class":99},[62,112588,287],{"class":95},[14,112590,112591],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[48,112593,1834,112595,112597],{"id":112594},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112596,102749],{}," with other iterables",[14,112599,112600,112602],{},[18,112601,102749],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1256,112604,112606],{"id":112605},"with-a-list","With a list",[53,112608,112610],{"className":55,"code":112609,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112611,112612,112632,112656,112660,112678],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112615,225],{"class":68},[62,112617,73],{"class":72},[62,112619,256],{"class":95},[62,112621,499],{"class":99},[62,112623,103],{"class":95},[62,112625,284],{"class":99},[62,112627,103],{"class":95},[62,112629,508],{"class":99},[62,112631,287],{"class":95},[62,112633,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,112635,60993],{"class":68},[62,112637,73],{"class":72},[62,112639,96],{"class":95},[62,112641,2273],{"class":99},[62,112643,103],{"class":95},[62,112645,2661],{"class":99},[62,112647,103],{"class":95},[62,112649,4804],{"class":99},[62,112651,103],{"class":95},[62,112653,4804],{"class":99},[62,112655,114],{"class":95},[62,112657,112658],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,112659,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112661,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,112663,2435],{"class":68},[62,112665,73],{"class":72},[62,112667,4462],{"class":68},[62,112669,409],{"class":95},[62,112671,111219],{"class":139},[62,112673,131],{"class":95},[62,112675,61022],{"class":139},[62,112677,434],{"class":95},[62,112679,112680,112682,112684,112686],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,112681,128],{"class":127},[62,112683,131],{"class":95},[62,112685,2470],{"class":139},[62,112687,434],{"class":95},[14,112689,30191],{},[53,112691,112692],{"className":55,"code":112562,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,112693,112694],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112695,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112697,9452],{"class":95},[62,112699,499],{"class":99},[62,112701,103],{"class":95},[62,112703,284],{"class":99},[62,112705,103],{"class":95},[62,112707,508],{"class":99},[62,112709,103],{"class":95},[62,112711,2661],{"class":99},[62,112713,103],{"class":95},[62,112715,4804],{"class":99},[62,112717,287],{"class":95},[14,112719,21140,112720,112722],{},[18,112721,299],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1256,112724,112726],{"id":112725},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[53,112728,112730],{"className":55,"code":112729,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112731,112732,112756,112789,112793,112812],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112733,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112735,36253],{"class":68},[62,112737,73],{"class":72},[62,112739,256],{"class":95},[62,112741,259],{"class":76},[62,112743,262],{"class":80},[62,112745,259],{"class":76},[62,112747,103],{"class":95},[62,112749,77],{"class":76},[62,112751,277],{"class":80},[62,112753,259],{"class":76},[62,112755,287],{"class":95},[62,112757,112758,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,112759,112760],{"class":68},"more_letters ",[62,112762,73],{"class":72},[62,112764,854],{"class":95},[62,112766,259],{"class":76},[62,112768,277],{"class":80},[62,112770,259],{"class":76},[62,112772,103],{"class":95},[62,112774,77],{"class":76},[62,112776,9912],{"class":80},[62,112778,259],{"class":76},[62,112780,103],{"class":95},[62,112782,77],{"class":76},[62,112784,18931],{"class":80},[62,112786,259],{"class":76},[62,112788,434],{"class":95},[62,112790,112791],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,112792,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112794,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112810],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,112796,2435],{"class":68},[62,112798,73],{"class":72},[62,112800,70043],{"class":68},[62,112802,409],{"class":95},[62,112804,111219],{"class":139},[62,112806,131],{"class":95},[62,112808,112809],{"class":139},"more_letters",[62,112811,434],{"class":95},[62,112813,112814,112816,112818,112820],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,112815,128],{"class":127},[62,112817,131],{"class":95},[62,112819,2470],{"class":139},[62,112821,434],{"class":95},[14,112823,30191],{},[53,112825,112827],{"className":55,"code":112826,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112828,112829],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112830,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112832,9452],{"class":95},[62,112834,3503],{"class":76},[62,112836,262],{"class":80},[62,112838,3503],{"class":76},[62,112840,103],{"class":95},[62,112842,3498],{"class":76},[62,112844,277],{"class":80},[62,112846,3503],{"class":76},[62,112848,103],{"class":95},[62,112850,3498],{"class":76},[62,112852,9912],{"class":80},[62,112854,3503],{"class":76},[62,112856,103],{"class":95},[62,112858,3498],{"class":76},[62,112860,18931],{"class":80},[62,112862,3503],{"class":76},[62,112864,287],{"class":95},[1256,112866,112868],{"id":112867},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112870,112871],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[53,112873,112875],{"className":55,"code":112874,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112876,112877,112902,112925,112929],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112878,112879,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112880,112881],{"class":68},"chars ",[62,112883,73],{"class":72},[62,112885,256],{"class":95},[62,112887,259],{"class":76},[62,112889,262],{"class":80},[62,112891,259],{"class":76},[62,112893,103],{"class":95},[62,112895,77],{"class":76},[62,112897,277],{"class":80},[62,112899,259],{"class":76},[62,112901,287],{"class":95},[62,112903,112904,112906,112908,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,112905,2435],{"class":68},[62,112907,73],{"class":72},[62,112909,112910],{"class":68}," chars",[62,112912,409],{"class":95},[62,112914,111219],{"class":139},[62,112916,131],{"class":95},[62,112918,259],{"class":76},[62,112920,37209],{"class":80},[62,112922,259],{"class":76},[62,112924,434],{"class":95},[62,112926,112927],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,112928,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,112930,112931,112933,112935,112937],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,112932,128],{"class":127},[62,112934,131],{"class":95},[62,112936,2470],{"class":139},[62,112938,434],{"class":95},[14,112940,30191],{},[53,112942,112944],{"className":55,"code":112943,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,112945,112946],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,112947,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,112949,9452],{"class":95},[62,112951,3503],{"class":76},[62,112953,262],{"class":80},[62,112955,3503],{"class":76},[62,112957,103],{"class":95},[62,112959,3498],{"class":76},[62,112961,277],{"class":80},[62,112963,3503],{"class":76},[62,112965,103],{"class":95},[62,112967,3498],{"class":76},[62,112969,9912],{"class":80},[62,112971,3503],{"class":76},[62,112973,103],{"class":95},[62,112975,3498],{"class":76},[62,112977,63233],{"class":80},[62,112979,3503],{"class":76},[62,112981,287],{"class":95},[14,112983,22351,112984,112987],{},[18,112985,112986],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[29,112989,112990,112994,112998],{},[32,112991,112992],{},[18,112993,66428],{},[32,112995,112996],{},[18,112997,18259],{},[32,112999,113000],{},[18,113001,113002],{},"\"t\"",[48,113004,113006,10756,113008],{"id":113005},"union-vs-update",[18,113007,102749],{},[18,113009,15121],{},[14,113011,113012,1940,113014,113016],{},[18,113013,102749],{},[18,113015,15121],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1256,113018,113019],{"id":111219},[18,113020,102749],{},[29,113022,113023,113025],{},[32,113024,110581],{},[32,113026,110590],{},[53,113028,113029],{"className":55,"code":112114,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,113030,113031,113047,113063,113067,113085,113089,113101],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113032,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113034,2758],{"class":68},[62,113036,73],{"class":72},[62,113038,256],{"class":95},[62,113040,499],{"class":99},[62,113042,103],{"class":95},[62,113044,284],{"class":99},[62,113046,287],{"class":95},[62,113048,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113050,2786],{"class":68},[62,113052,73],{"class":72},[62,113054,256],{"class":95},[62,113056,1935],{"class":99},[62,113058,103],{"class":95},[62,113060,508],{"class":99},[62,113062,287],{"class":95},[62,113064,113065],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113066,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,113068,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,113070,2435],{"class":68},[62,113072,73],{"class":72},[62,113074,56832],{"class":68},[62,113076,409],{"class":95},[62,113078,111219],{"class":139},[62,113080,131],{"class":95},[62,113082,277],{"class":139},[62,113084,434],{"class":95},[62,113086,113087],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,113088,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,113090,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,113092,128],{"class":127},[62,113094,131],{"class":95},[62,113096,2470],{"class":139},[62,113098,741],{"class":95},[62,113100,112187],{"class":146},[62,113102,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,113104,128],{"class":127},[62,113106,131],{"class":95},[62,113108,262],{"class":139},[62,113110,741],{"class":95},[62,113112,112200],{"class":146},[1256,113114,113115],{"id":30626},[18,113116,15121],{},[29,113118,113119,113122],{},[32,113120,113121],{},"changes the existing set in place",[32,113123,113124],{},"does not create a separate result set",[53,113126,113128],{"className":55,"code":113127,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,113129,113130,113146,113162,113166,113180,113184],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113131,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113133,2758],{"class":68},[62,113135,73],{"class":72},[62,113137,256],{"class":95},[62,113139,499],{"class":99},[62,113141,103],{"class":95},[62,113143,284],{"class":99},[62,113145,287],{"class":95},[62,113147,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113149,2786],{"class":68},[62,113151,73],{"class":72},[62,113153,256],{"class":95},[62,113155,1935],{"class":99},[62,113157,103],{"class":95},[62,113159,508],{"class":99},[62,113161,287],{"class":95},[62,113163,113164],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113165,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,113167,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,113169,262],{"class":68},[62,113171,409],{"class":95},[62,113173,30626],{"class":139},[62,113175,131],{"class":95},[62,113177,277],{"class":139},[62,113179,434],{"class":95},[62,113181,113182],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,113183,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,113185,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,113187,128],{"class":127},[62,113189,131],{"class":95},[62,113191,262],{"class":139},[62,113193,741],{"class":95},[62,113195,112187],{"class":146},[14,113197,169,113198,113200],{},[18,113199,102749],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113202,113203,113204,409],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[262,113205,3779,113206,10912],{"href":98469},[18,113207,97264],{},[48,113209,4718],{"id":4717},[1256,113211,8631,113213,113215],{"id":113212},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,113214,102749],{}," to change the original set",[14,113217,81774],{},[53,113219,113221],{"className":55,"code":113220,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113222,113223,113239,113255,113259,113273],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113224,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113226,2758],{"class":68},[62,113228,73],{"class":72},[62,113230,256],{"class":95},[62,113232,499],{"class":99},[62,113234,103],{"class":95},[62,113236,284],{"class":99},[62,113238,287],{"class":95},[62,113240,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113242,2786],{"class":68},[62,113244,73],{"class":72},[62,113246,256],{"class":95},[62,113248,1935],{"class":99},[62,113250,103],{"class":95},[62,113252,508],{"class":99},[62,113254,287],{"class":95},[62,113256,113257],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113258,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,113260,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,113262,262],{"class":68},[62,113264,409],{"class":95},[62,113266,111219],{"class":139},[62,113268,131],{"class":95},[62,113270,277],{"class":139},[62,113272,434],{"class":95},[62,113274,113275,113277,113279,113281],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,113276,128],{"class":127},[62,113278,131],{"class":95},[62,113280,262],{"class":139},[62,113282,434],{"class":95},[14,113284,2282],{},[53,113286,113287],{"className":55,"code":100457,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,113288,113289],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113290,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113292,9452],{"class":95},[62,113294,499],{"class":99},[62,113296,103],{"class":95},[62,113298,284],{"class":99},[62,113300,287],{"class":95},[14,113302,8674,113303,113305],{},[18,113304,102749],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113307,113308],{},"Fix it like this:",[53,113310,113312],{"className":55,"code":113311,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113313,113314,113330,113346,113350,113368],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113315,113316,113318,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113317,2758],{"class":68},[62,113319,73],{"class":72},[62,113321,256],{"class":95},[62,113323,499],{"class":99},[62,113325,103],{"class":95},[62,113327,284],{"class":99},[62,113329,287],{"class":95},[62,113331,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113333,2786],{"class":68},[62,113335,73],{"class":72},[62,113337,256],{"class":95},[62,113339,1935],{"class":99},[62,113341,103],{"class":95},[62,113343,508],{"class":99},[62,113345,287],{"class":95},[62,113347,113348],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113349,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,113351,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,113353,2758],{"class":68},[62,113355,73],{"class":72},[62,113357,56832],{"class":68},[62,113359,409],{"class":95},[62,113361,111219],{"class":139},[62,113363,131],{"class":95},[62,113365,277],{"class":139},[62,113367,434],{"class":95},[62,113369,113370,113372,113374,113376],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,113371,128],{"class":127},[62,113373,131],{"class":95},[62,113375,262],{"class":139},[62,113377,434],{"class":95},[1256,113379,113381],{"id":113380},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113383,113384],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[53,113386,113388],{"className":55,"code":113387,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113389,113390,113406,113422,113426],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113391,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113393,2758],{"class":68},[62,113395,73],{"class":72},[62,113397,256],{"class":95},[62,113399,2273],{"class":99},[62,113401,103],{"class":95},[62,113403,270],{"class":99},[62,113405,287],{"class":95},[62,113407,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113409,2786],{"class":68},[62,113411,73],{"class":72},[62,113413,256],{"class":95},[62,113415,1935],{"class":99},[62,113417,103],{"class":95},[62,113419,2661],{"class":99},[62,113421,287],{"class":95},[62,113423,113424],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113425,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,113427,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,113429,128],{"class":127},[62,113431,131],{"class":95},[62,113433,262],{"class":139},[62,113435,409],{"class":95},[62,113437,111219],{"class":139},[62,113439,131],{"class":95},[62,113441,277],{"class":139},[62,113443,1013],{"class":95},[14,113445,113446],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1256,113448,113450],{"id":113449},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[53,113452,113454],{"className":55,"code":113453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113455,113456,113472,113494],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113457,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113459,4270],{"class":68},[62,113461,73],{"class":72},[62,113463,256],{"class":95},[62,113465,259],{"class":76},[62,113467,58072],{"class":80},[62,113469,259],{"class":76},[62,113471,287],{"class":95},[62,113473,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113475,2435],{"class":68},[62,113477,73],{"class":72},[62,113479,6363],{"class":68},[62,113481,409],{"class":95},[62,113483,111219],{"class":139},[62,113485,131],{"class":95},[62,113487,259],{"class":76},[62,113489,37209],{"class":80},[62,113491,259],{"class":76},[62,113493,434],{"class":95},[62,113495,113496,113498,113500,113502],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113497,128],{"class":127},[62,113499,131],{"class":95},[62,113501,2470],{"class":139},[62,113503,434],{"class":95},[14,113505,113506,113507,399,113509,404,113511,113513,113514,113516],{},"This adds ",[18,113508,66428],{},[18,113510,18259],{},[18,113512,113002],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113515,112986],{}," as one item.",[14,113518,113519],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[53,113521,113523],{"className":55,"code":113522,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113524,113525,113541,113563],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113526,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113528,4270],{"class":68},[62,113530,73],{"class":72},[62,113532,256],{"class":95},[62,113534,259],{"class":76},[62,113536,58072],{"class":80},[62,113538,259],{"class":76},[62,113540,287],{"class":95},[62,113542,113543,113545,113547,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113544,2435],{"class":68},[62,113546,73],{"class":72},[62,113548,6363],{"class":68},[62,113550,409],{"class":95},[62,113552,111219],{"class":139},[62,113554,496],{"class":95},[62,113556,259],{"class":76},[62,113558,37209],{"class":80},[62,113560,259],{"class":76},[62,113562,4088],{"class":95},[62,113564,113565,113567,113569,113571],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113566,128],{"class":127},[62,113568,131],{"class":95},[62,113570,2470],{"class":139},[62,113572,434],{"class":95},[1256,113574,113576],{"id":113575},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113578,3040],{},[53,113580,113582],{"className":55,"code":113581,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113583,113584],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113585,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113587,15795],{"class":68},[62,113589,73],{"class":72},[62,113591,256],{"class":95},[62,113593,499],{"class":99},[62,113595,103],{"class":95},[62,113597,284],{"class":99},[62,113599,103],{"class":95},[62,113601,96],{"class":95},[62,113603,2273],{"class":99},[62,113605,103],{"class":95},[62,113607,2661],{"class":99},[62,113609,13872],{"class":95},[14,113611,113612],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113614,113615,113616,267],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113617,102749],{},[53,113619,113621],{"className":55,"code":113620,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113622,113623,113639,113661],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113624,113625,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113626,15795],{"class":68},[62,113628,73],{"class":72},[62,113630,256],{"class":95},[62,113632,499],{"class":99},[62,113634,103],{"class":95},[62,113636,284],{"class":99},[62,113638,287],{"class":95},[62,113640,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113642,2435],{"class":68},[62,113644,73],{"class":72},[62,113646,96874],{"class":68},[62,113648,409],{"class":95},[62,113650,111219],{"class":139},[62,113652,496],{"class":95},[62,113654,2273],{"class":99},[62,113656,103],{"class":95},[62,113658,2661],{"class":99},[62,113660,4088],{"class":95},[62,113662,113663,113665,113667,113669],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113664,128],{"class":127},[62,113666,131],{"class":95},[62,113668,2470],{"class":139},[62,113670,434],{"class":95},[48,113672,113674],{"id":113673},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113676,113677],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[29,113679,113680,113686,113693,113696],{},[32,113681,113682,113683,113685],{},"call ",[18,113684,102749],{}," without saving the returned set",[32,113687,113688,113689,8884,113691],{},"confuse ",[18,113690,102749],{},[18,113692,15121],{},[32,113694,113695],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[32,113697,113698],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113700,113701,113702,1940,113706,409],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[262,113703,3779,113704,10912],{"href":102738},[18,113705,106523],{},[262,113707,3779,113709,10912],{"href":113708},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113710,100369],{},[14,113712,62241],{},[53,113714,113716],{"className":55,"code":113715,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113717,113718,113728,113742,113752],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113719,113720,113722,113724,113726],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113721,128],{"class":127},[62,113723,131],{"class":95},[62,113725,15833],{"class":139},[62,113727,434],{"class":95},[62,113729,113730,113732,113734,113736,113738,113740],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113731,128],{"class":127},[62,113733,131],{"class":95},[62,113735,1690],{"class":430},[62,113737,131],{"class":95},[62,113739,15833],{"class":139},[62,113741,1013],{"class":95},[62,113743,113744,113746,113748,113750],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113745,128],{"class":127},[62,113747,131],{"class":95},[62,113749,2470],{"class":139},[62,113751,434],{"class":95},[62,113753,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,113755,32314],{"class":127},[62,113757,131],{"class":95},[62,113759,6482],{"class":430},[62,113761,409],{"class":95},[62,113763,111219],{"class":24910},[62,113765,434],{"class":95},[48,113767,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,113769,12875,113771,102689],{"id":113770},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113772,107993],{},[14,113774,102692],{},[1256,113776,5368,113778,113780],{"id":113777},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113779,102749],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113782,113783],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1256,113785,28489,113787,113789],{"id":113786},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113788,102749],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113791,42304,113792,113794],{},[18,113793,102749],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1256,113796,113798],{"id":113797},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113800,113801],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1256,113803,5378,113805,1940,113807,632],{"id":113804},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113806,102749],{},[18,113808,113809],{},"|",[14,113811,113812,113813,113815,113816,113818],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113814,113809],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113817,102749],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[48,113820,2109],{"id":2108},[29,113822,113823,113827,113833,113839,113845],{},[32,113824,113825],{},[262,113826,96278],{"href":97449},[32,113828,113829],{},[262,113830,3779,113831,10912],{"href":98469},[18,113832,97264],{},[32,113834,113835],{},[262,113836,3779,113837,10912],{"href":102738},[18,113838,106523],{},[32,113840,113841],{},[262,113842,3779,113843,10912],{"href":113708},[18,113844,100369],{},[32,113846,113847],{},[262,113848,100294],{"href":99027},[2145,113850,113851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":113853},[113854,113855,113857,113858,113859,113860,113862,113868,113873,113880,113881,113892],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":111949,"depth":87,"text":113856},"What set.union() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":22131,"depth":87,"text":22132},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":112436,"depth":87,"text":113861},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112594,"depth":87,"text":113863,"children":113864},"Using union() with other iterables",[113865,113866,113867],{"id":112605,"depth":117,"text":112606},{"id":112725,"depth":117,"text":112726},{"id":112867,"depth":117,"text":112868},{"id":113005,"depth":87,"text":113869,"children":113870},"union() vs update()",[113871,113872],{"id":111219,"depth":117,"text":102749},{"id":30626,"depth":117,"text":15121},{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":113874},[113875,113877,113878,113879],{"id":113212,"depth":117,"text":113876},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113380,"depth":117,"text":113381},{"id":113449,"depth":117,"text":113450},{"id":113575,"depth":117,"text":113576},{"id":113673,"depth":87,"text":113674},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":113882},[113883,113885,113887,113889,113890],{"id":113770,"depth":117,"text":113884},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113777,"depth":117,"text":113886},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113786,"depth":117,"text":113888},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113797,"depth":117,"text":113798},{"id":113804,"depth":117,"text":113891},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111829,"description":113893},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113899,"title":113900,"body":113901,"description":115790,"extension":2174,"meta":115791,"navigation":120,"path":96763,"seo":115792,"stem":115793,"__hash__":115794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113902,"toc":115756},[113903,113908,113913,113921,113923,113981,113986,113991,113995,114007,114010,114084,114089,114091,114093,114112,114114,114131,114134,114161,114163,114233,114237,114239,114245,114247,114308,114313,114315,114372,114376,114381,114446,114448,114468,114475,114479,114484,114569,114572,114579,114682,114686,114691,114749,114752,114763,114777,114784,114842,114849,114852,114862,114866,114924,114928,114994,114997,115055,115062,115069,115072,115076,115085,115154,115158,115164,115252,115262,115266,115270,115274,115277,115338,115343,115400,115404,115406,115441,115448,115450,115504,115511,115515,115518,115583,115592,115598,115655,115657,115662,115666,115670,115673,115680,115688,115692,115697,115701,115707,115709,115744,115753],[10,113904,96150,113906,11494],{"id":113905},"python-set-update-method",[18,113907,15121],{},[14,113909,113910,113912],{},[18,113911,97264],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113914,113915,113916,113920],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[262,113917,113918],{"href":98450},[18,113919,96158],{},", which adds only one item.",[48,113922,3813],{"id":3812},[53,113924,113926],{"className":55,"code":113925,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113927,113928,113944,113966,113976],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,113929,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,113931,225],{"class":68},[62,113933,73],{"class":72},[62,113935,256],{"class":95},[62,113937,499],{"class":99},[62,113939,103],{"class":95},[62,113941,284],{"class":99},[62,113943,287],{"class":95},[62,113945,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958,113960,113962,113964],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,113947,348],{"class":68},[62,113949,409],{"class":95},[62,113951,30626],{"class":139},[62,113953,496],{"class":95},[62,113955,1935],{"class":99},[62,113957,103],{"class":95},[62,113959,508],{"class":99},[62,113961,103],{"class":95},[62,113963,2661],{"class":99},[62,113965,4088],{"class":95},[62,113967,113968,113970,113972,113974],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,113969,128],{"class":127},[62,113971,131],{"class":95},[62,113973,348],{"class":139},[62,113975,434],{"class":95},[62,113977,113978],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,113979,113980],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113982,169,113983,113985],{},[18,113984,15121],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[48,113987,3879,113989,3882],{"id":113988},"what-setupdate-does",[18,113990,97264],{},[14,113992,113993,267],{},[18,113994,97264],{},[29,113996,113997,114000,114002,114005],{},[32,113998,113999],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[32,114001,96265],{},[32,114003,114004],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[32,114006,96268],{},[14,114008,114009],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[53,114011,114013],{"className":55,"code":114012,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,114014,114015,114039,114065,114069,114079],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114016,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035,114037],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114018,788],{"class":68},[62,114020,73],{"class":72},[62,114022,256],{"class":95},[62,114024,259],{"class":76},[62,114026,797],{"class":80},[62,114028,259],{"class":76},[62,114030,103],{"class":95},[62,114032,77],{"class":76},[62,114034,815],{"class":80},[62,114036,259],{"class":76},[62,114038,287],{"class":95},[62,114040,114041,114043,114045,114047,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114042,832],{"class":68},[62,114044,409],{"class":95},[62,114046,30626],{"class":139},[62,114048,496],{"class":95},[62,114050,259],{"class":76},[62,114052,815],{"class":80},[62,114054,259],{"class":76},[62,114056,103],{"class":95},[62,114058,77],{"class":76},[62,114060,806],{"class":80},[62,114062,259],{"class":76},[62,114064,4088],{"class":95},[62,114066,114067],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114068,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114070,114071,114073,114075,114077],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114072,128],{"class":127},[62,114074,131],{"class":95},[62,114076,832],{"class":139},[62,114078,434],{"class":95},[62,114080,114081],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114082,114083],{"class":146},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114085,21140,114086,114088],{},[18,114087,110984],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[48,114090,413],{"id":412},[14,114092,7409],{},[53,114094,114096],{"className":55,"code":114095,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,114097,114098],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114099,114100,114102,114104,114106,114108,114110],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114101,15833],{"class":68},[62,114103,409],{"class":95},[62,114105,30626],{"class":139},[62,114107,131],{"class":95},[62,114109,3923],{"class":139},[62,114111,434],{"class":95},[14,114113,80150],{},[29,114115,114116,114119,114122,114125,114128],{},[32,114117,114118],{},"A list",[32,114120,114121],{},"A tuple",[32,114123,114124],{},"Another set",[32,114126,114127],{},"A string",[32,114129,114130],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114132,114133],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[53,114135,114137],{"className":55,"code":114136,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,114138,114139],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114140,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114142,15833],{"class":68},[62,114144,409],{"class":95},[62,114146,30626],{"class":139},[62,114148,131],{"class":95},[62,114150,262],{"class":139},[62,114152,103],{"class":95},[62,114154,2763],{"class":139},[62,114156,103],{"class":95},[62,114158,9854],{"class":139},[62,114160,434],{"class":95},[14,114162,201],{},[53,114164,114166],{"className":55,"code":114165,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,114167,114168,114180,114214,114218,114228],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114171,292],{"class":68},[62,114173,73],{"class":72},[62,114175,256],{"class":95},[62,114177,499],{"class":99},[62,114179,287],{"class":95},[62,114181,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114183,386],{"class":68},[62,114185,409],{"class":95},[62,114187,30626],{"class":139},[62,114189,496],{"class":95},[62,114191,1935],{"class":99},[62,114193,103],{"class":95},[62,114195,508],{"class":99},[62,114197,18225],{"class":95},[62,114199,854],{"class":95},[62,114201,2708],{"class":99},[62,114203,103],{"class":95},[62,114205,4804],{"class":99},[62,114207,9408],{"class":95},[62,114209,256],{"class":95},[62,114211,80541],{"class":99},[62,114213,30658],{"class":95},[62,114215,114216],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114217,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114219,114220,114222,114224,114226],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114221,128],{"class":127},[62,114223,131],{"class":95},[62,114225,386],{"class":139},[62,114227,434],{"class":95},[62,114229,114230],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114231,114232],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114234,96274,114235,409],{},[262,114236,96282],{"href":97833},[48,114238,22132],{"id":22131},[14,114240,114241,2602,114243,409],{},[18,114242,97264],{},[18,114244,1548],{},[14,114246,11885],{},[53,114248,114250],{"className":55,"code":114249,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114251,114252,114268,114290,114294,114304],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114253,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114255,225],{"class":68},[62,114257,73],{"class":72},[62,114259,256],{"class":95},[62,114261,499],{"class":99},[62,114263,103],{"class":95},[62,114265,284],{"class":99},[62,114267,287],{"class":95},[62,114269,114270,114272,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114271,2435],{"class":68},[62,114273,73],{"class":72},[62,114275,4462],{"class":68},[62,114277,409],{"class":95},[62,114279,30626],{"class":139},[62,114281,496],{"class":95},[62,114283,2273],{"class":99},[62,114285,103],{"class":95},[62,114287,2661],{"class":99},[62,114289,4088],{"class":95},[62,114291,114292],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114293,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114295,114296,114298,114300,114302],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114297,128],{"class":127},[62,114299,131],{"class":95},[62,114301,2470],{"class":139},[62,114303,434],{"class":95},[62,114305,114306],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114307,61777],{"class":146},[14,114309,114310,114311,409],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114312,2470],{},[14,114314,19132],{},[53,114316,114318],{"className":55,"code":114317,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114319,114320,114336,114354,114358,114368],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114321,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114323,225],{"class":68},[62,114325,73],{"class":72},[62,114327,256],{"class":95},[62,114329,499],{"class":99},[62,114331,103],{"class":95},[62,114333,284],{"class":99},[62,114335,287],{"class":95},[62,114337,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114339,348],{"class":68},[62,114341,409],{"class":95},[62,114343,30626],{"class":139},[62,114345,496],{"class":95},[62,114347,2273],{"class":99},[62,114349,103],{"class":95},[62,114351,2661],{"class":99},[62,114353,4088],{"class":95},[62,114355,114356],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114357,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114359,114360,114362,114364,114366],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114361,128],{"class":127},[62,114363,131],{"class":95},[62,114365,348],{"class":139},[62,114367,434],{"class":95},[62,114369,114370],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114371,113980],{"class":146},[48,114373,114375],{"id":114374},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114377,114378,114379,409],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114380,15121],{},[53,114382,114384],{"className":55,"code":114383,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114385,114386,114402,114428,114432,114442],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114387,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114389,225],{"class":68},[62,114391,73],{"class":72},[62,114393,256],{"class":95},[62,114395,499],{"class":99},[62,114397,103],{"class":95},[62,114399,284],{"class":99},[62,114401,287],{"class":95},[62,114403,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114405,348],{"class":68},[62,114407,409],{"class":95},[62,114409,30626],{"class":139},[62,114411,496],{"class":95},[62,114413,1935],{"class":99},[62,114415,103],{"class":95},[62,114417,508],{"class":99},[62,114419,103],{"class":95},[62,114421,2661],{"class":99},[62,114423,103],{"class":95},[62,114425,2661],{"class":99},[62,114427,4088],{"class":95},[62,114429,114430],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114431,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114433,114434,114436,114438,114440],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114435,128],{"class":127},[62,114437,131],{"class":95},[62,114439,348],{"class":139},[62,114441,434],{"class":95},[62,114443,114444],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114445,113980],{"class":146},[14,114447,11854],{},[29,114449,114450,114455,114462],{},[32,114451,114452,114454],{},[18,114453,1935],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[32,114456,114457,1940,114459,114461],{},[18,114458,2273],{},[18,114460,2708],{}," are added",[32,114463,114464,114465,114467],{},"The second ",[18,114466,2708],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114469,114470,114471,114474],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[262,114472,114473],{"href":99027},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[48,114476,114478],{"id":114477},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114480,2035,114481,114483],{},[18,114482,15121],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[53,114485,114487],{"className":55,"code":114486,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114488,114489,114510,114531,114535,114551,114555,114565],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114490,114491,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502,114504,114506,114508],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114492,114493],{"class":68},"set_a ",[62,114495,73],{"class":72},[62,114497,256],{"class":95},[62,114499,499],{"class":99},[62,114501,103],{"class":95},[62,114503,284],{"class":99},[62,114505,103],{"class":95},[62,114507,508],{"class":99},[62,114509,287],{"class":95},[62,114511,114512,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114513,114514],{"class":68},"set_b ",[62,114516,73],{"class":72},[62,114518,256],{"class":95},[62,114520,2273],{"class":99},[62,114522,103],{"class":95},[62,114524,2661],{"class":99},[62,114526,103],{"class":95},[62,114528,4804],{"class":99},[62,114530,287],{"class":95},[62,114532,114533],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114534,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114536,114537,114540,114542,114544,114546,114549],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114538,114539],{"class":68},"set_a",[62,114541,409],{"class":95},[62,114543,30626],{"class":139},[62,114545,131],{"class":95},[62,114547,114548],{"class":139},"set_b",[62,114550,434],{"class":95},[62,114552,114553],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114554,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114556,114557,114559,114561,114563],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,114558,128],{"class":127},[62,114560,131],{"class":95},[62,114562,114539],{"class":139},[62,114564,434],{"class":95},[62,114566,114567],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,114568,111941],{"class":146},[14,114570,114571],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114573,114574,114575,409],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[262,114576,114577],{"href":102746},[18,114578,107993],{},[53,114580,114582],{"className":55,"code":114581,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114583,114584,114604,114624,114628,114648,114652,114663,114667,114677],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114585,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114587,114493],{"class":68},[62,114589,73],{"class":72},[62,114591,256],{"class":95},[62,114593,499],{"class":99},[62,114595,103],{"class":95},[62,114597,284],{"class":99},[62,114599,103],{"class":95},[62,114601,508],{"class":99},[62,114603,287],{"class":95},[62,114605,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114607,114514],{"class":68},[62,114609,73],{"class":72},[62,114611,256],{"class":95},[62,114613,2273],{"class":99},[62,114615,103],{"class":95},[62,114617,2661],{"class":99},[62,114619,103],{"class":95},[62,114621,4804],{"class":99},[62,114623,287],{"class":95},[62,114625,114626],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114627,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114629,114630,114633,114635,114638,114640,114642,114644,114646],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114631,114632],{"class":68},"combined ",[62,114634,73],{"class":72},[62,114636,114637],{"class":68}," set_a",[62,114639,409],{"class":95},[62,114641,111219],{"class":139},[62,114643,131],{"class":95},[62,114645,114548],{"class":139},[62,114647,434],{"class":95},[62,114649,114650],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114651,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114653,114654,114656,114658,114661],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,114655,128],{"class":127},[62,114657,131],{"class":95},[62,114659,114660],{"class":139},"combined",[62,114662,434],{"class":95},[62,114664,114665],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,114666,111941],{"class":146},[62,114668,114669,114671,114673,114675],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,114670,128],{"class":127},[62,114672,131],{"class":95},[62,114674,114539],{"class":139},[62,114676,434],{"class":95},[62,114678,114679],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,114680,114681],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[48,114683,114685],{"id":114684},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114687,64686,114688,114690],{},[18,114689,15121],{}," adds each character separately.",[53,114692,114694],{"className":55,"code":114693,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114695,114696,114712,114730,114734,114744],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114697,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114699,36253],{"class":68},[62,114701,73],{"class":72},[62,114703,256],{"class":95},[62,114705,259],{"class":76},[62,114707,552],{"class":80},[62,114709,259],{"class":76},[62,114711,287],{"class":95},[62,114713,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114715,582],{"class":68},[62,114717,409],{"class":95},[62,114719,30626],{"class":139},[62,114721,131],{"class":95},[62,114723,259],{"class":76},[62,114725,37209],{"class":80},[62,114727,259],{"class":76},[62,114729,434],{"class":95},[62,114731,114732],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114733,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114735,114736,114738,114740,114742],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114737,128],{"class":127},[62,114739,131],{"class":95},[62,114741,582],{"class":139},[62,114743,434],{"class":95},[62,114745,114746],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114747,114748],{"class":146},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114750,114751],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114753,114754,14220,114757,114759,114760,114762],{},[18,114755,114756],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3946,114758,4830],{}," add ",[18,114761,112986],{}," as one item. It adds:",[29,114764,114765,114769,114773],{},[32,114766,114767],{},[18,114768,66428],{},[32,114770,114771],{},[18,114772,18259],{},[32,114774,114775],{},[18,114776,113002],{},[14,114778,114779,114780,267],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[262,114781,114782],{"href":98450},[18,114783,96158],{},[53,114785,114787],{"className":55,"code":114786,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114788,114789,114805,114823,114827,114837],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114790,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799,114801,114803],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114792,4270],{"class":68},[62,114794,73],{"class":72},[62,114796,256],{"class":95},[62,114798,259],{"class":76},[62,114800,58072],{"class":80},[62,114802,259],{"class":76},[62,114804,287],{"class":95},[62,114806,114807,114809,114811,114813,114815,114817,114819,114821],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114808,4312],{"class":68},[62,114810,409],{"class":95},[62,114812,82053],{"class":139},[62,114814,131],{"class":95},[62,114816,259],{"class":76},[62,114818,37209],{"class":80},[62,114820,259],{"class":76},[62,114822,434],{"class":95},[62,114824,114825],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114826,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114828,114829,114831,114833,114835],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114830,128],{"class":127},[62,114832,131],{"class":95},[62,114834,4312],{"class":139},[62,114836,434],{"class":95},[62,114838,114839],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114840,114841],{"class":146},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[48,114843,114845,10756,114847],{"id":114844},"update-vs-add",[18,114846,15121],{},[18,114848,96153],{},[14,114850,114851],{},"The difference is simple:",[29,114853,114854,114858],{},[32,114855,114856,96752],{},[18,114857,96153],{},[32,114859,114860,96757],{},[18,114861,15121],{},[14,114863,46192,114864,267],{},[18,114865,96153],{},[53,114867,114869],{"className":55,"code":114868,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114870,114871,114887,114905,114909,114919],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114872,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114874,36400],{"class":68},[62,114876,73],{"class":72},[62,114878,256],{"class":95},[62,114880,259],{"class":76},[62,114882,901],{"class":80},[62,114884,259],{"class":76},[62,114886,287],{"class":95},[62,114888,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901,114903],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114890,36452],{"class":68},[62,114892,409],{"class":95},[62,114894,82053],{"class":139},[62,114896,131],{"class":95},[62,114898,259],{"class":76},[62,114900,910],{"class":80},[62,114902,259],{"class":76},[62,114904,434],{"class":95},[62,114906,114907],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114908,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114910,114911,114913,114915,114917],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114912,128],{"class":127},[62,114914,131],{"class":95},[62,114916,36452],{"class":139},[62,114918,434],{"class":95},[62,114920,114921],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114922,114923],{"class":146},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114925,46192,114926,267],{},[18,114927,15121],{},[53,114929,114931],{"className":55,"code":114930,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,114932,114933,114949,114975,114979,114989],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,114934,114935,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,114936,36400],{"class":68},[62,114938,73],{"class":72},[62,114940,256],{"class":95},[62,114942,259],{"class":76},[62,114944,901],{"class":80},[62,114946,259],{"class":76},[62,114948,287],{"class":95},[62,114950,114951,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,114952,36452],{"class":68},[62,114954,409],{"class":95},[62,114956,30626],{"class":139},[62,114958,496],{"class":95},[62,114960,259],{"class":76},[62,114962,910],{"class":80},[62,114964,259],{"class":76},[62,114966,103],{"class":95},[62,114968,77],{"class":76},[62,114970,33383],{"class":80},[62,114972,259],{"class":76},[62,114974,4088],{"class":95},[62,114976,114977],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,114978,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,114980,114981,114983,114985,114987],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,114982,128],{"class":127},[62,114984,131],{"class":95},[62,114986,36452],{"class":139},[62,114988,434],{"class":95},[62,114990,114991],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,114992,114993],{"class":146},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114995,114996],{},"Important warning with strings:",[53,114998,115000],{"className":55,"code":114999,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,115001,115002,115018,115036,115040,115050],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115003,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115005,36400],{"class":68},[62,115007,73],{"class":72},[62,115009,256],{"class":95},[62,115011,259],{"class":76},[62,115013,901],{"class":80},[62,115015,259],{"class":76},[62,115017,287],{"class":95},[62,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115021,36452],{"class":68},[62,115023,409],{"class":95},[62,115025,30626],{"class":139},[62,115027,131],{"class":95},[62,115029,259],{"class":76},[62,115031,38497],{"class":80},[62,115033,259],{"class":76},[62,115035,434],{"class":95},[62,115037,115038],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115039,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115041,115042,115044,115046,115048],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115043,128],{"class":127},[62,115045,131],{"class":95},[62,115047,36452],{"class":139},[62,115049,434],{"class":95},[62,115051,115052],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115053,115054],{"class":146},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115056,62052,115057,62125,115060,6822],{},[18,115058,115059],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,115061,96153],{},[48,115063,115065,10756,115067],{"id":115064},"update-vs-union",[18,115066,15121],{},[18,115068,102749],{},[14,115070,115071],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1256,115073,115074],{"id":30626},[18,115075,15121],{},[29,115077,115078,115081],{},[32,115079,115080],{},"Changes the existing set",[32,115082,11596,115083],{},[18,115084,1548],{},[53,115086,115088],{"className":55,"code":115087,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115089,115090,115106,115122,115126,115140,115150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115091,115092,115094,115096,115098,115100,115102,115104],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115093,2758],{"class":68},[62,115095,73],{"class":72},[62,115097,256],{"class":95},[62,115099,499],{"class":99},[62,115101,103],{"class":95},[62,115103,284],{"class":99},[62,115105,287],{"class":95},[62,115107,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115109,2786],{"class":68},[62,115111,73],{"class":72},[62,115113,256],{"class":95},[62,115115,1935],{"class":99},[62,115117,103],{"class":95},[62,115119,508],{"class":99},[62,115121,287],{"class":95},[62,115123,115124],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115125,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115127,115128,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115129,262],{"class":68},[62,115131,409],{"class":95},[62,115133,30626],{"class":139},[62,115135,131],{"class":95},[62,115137,277],{"class":139},[62,115139,434],{"class":95},[62,115141,115142,115144,115146,115148],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115143,128],{"class":127},[62,115145,131],{"class":95},[62,115147,262],{"class":139},[62,115149,434],{"class":95},[62,115151,115152],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,115153,114681],{"class":146},[1256,115155,115156],{"id":111219},[18,115157,102749],{},[29,115159,115160,115162],{},[32,115161,101287],{},[32,115163,101290],{},[53,115165,115167],{"className":55,"code":115166,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,115168,115169,115185,115201,115205,115223,115233,115237,115247],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115170,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115172,2758],{"class":68},[62,115174,73],{"class":72},[62,115176,256],{"class":95},[62,115178,499],{"class":99},[62,115180,103],{"class":95},[62,115182,284],{"class":99},[62,115184,287],{"class":95},[62,115186,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115188,2786],{"class":68},[62,115190,73],{"class":72},[62,115192,256],{"class":95},[62,115194,1935],{"class":99},[62,115196,103],{"class":95},[62,115198,508],{"class":99},[62,115200,287],{"class":95},[62,115202,115203],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115204,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115206,115207,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115208,83133],{"class":68},[62,115210,73],{"class":72},[62,115212,56832],{"class":68},[62,115214,409],{"class":95},[62,115216,111219],{"class":139},[62,115218,131],{"class":95},[62,115220,277],{"class":139},[62,115222,434],{"class":95},[62,115224,115225,115227,115229,115231],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115226,128],{"class":127},[62,115228,131],{"class":95},[62,115230,9912],{"class":139},[62,115232,434],{"class":95},[62,115234,115235],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,115236,114681],{"class":146},[62,115238,115239,115241,115243,115245],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,115240,128],{"class":127},[62,115242,131],{"class":95},[62,115244,262],{"class":139},[62,115246,434],{"class":95},[62,115248,115249],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,115250,115251],{"class":146},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115253,107635,115254,115256,115257,115261],{},[18,115255,15121],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[262,115258,115259],{"href":102746},[18,115260,102749],{}," when you want a new set.",[48,115263,115265],{"id":115264},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115267,10919,115268,409],{},[18,115269,97264],{},[1256,115271,115273],{"id":115272},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115275,115276],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[53,115278,115280],{"className":55,"code":115279,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115281,115282,115298,115320,115324,115334],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115283,115284,115286,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115285,15795],{"class":68},[62,115287,73],{"class":72},[62,115289,256],{"class":95},[62,115291,499],{"class":99},[62,115293,103],{"class":95},[62,115295,284],{"class":99},[62,115297,287],{"class":95},[62,115299,115300,115302,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115301,2435],{"class":68},[62,115303,73],{"class":72},[62,115305,96874],{"class":68},[62,115307,409],{"class":95},[62,115309,30626],{"class":139},[62,115311,496],{"class":95},[62,115313,2273],{"class":99},[62,115315,103],{"class":95},[62,115317,2661],{"class":99},[62,115319,4088],{"class":95},[62,115321,115322],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115323,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115325,115326,115328,115330,115332],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115327,128],{"class":127},[62,115329,131],{"class":95},[62,115331,2470],{"class":139},[62,115333,434],{"class":95},[62,115335,115336],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115337,61777],{"class":146},[14,115339,115340,115341,267],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115342,15121],{},[53,115344,115346],{"className":55,"code":115345,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115347,115348,115364,115382,115386,115396],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115349,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115351,15795],{"class":68},[62,115353,73],{"class":72},[62,115355,256],{"class":95},[62,115357,499],{"class":99},[62,115359,103],{"class":95},[62,115361,284],{"class":99},[62,115363,287],{"class":95},[62,115365,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115367,15833],{"class":68},[62,115369,409],{"class":95},[62,115371,30626],{"class":139},[62,115373,496],{"class":95},[62,115375,2273],{"class":99},[62,115377,103],{"class":95},[62,115379,2661],{"class":99},[62,115381,4088],{"class":95},[62,115383,115384],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115385,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115387,115388,115390,115392,115394],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115389,128],{"class":127},[62,115391,131],{"class":95},[62,115393,15833],{"class":139},[62,115395,434],{"class":95},[62,115397,115398],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115399,113980],{"class":146},[1256,115401,115403],{"id":115402},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115405,3040],{},[53,115407,115409],{"className":55,"code":115408,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115410,115411,115427],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115412,115413,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115414,15795],{"class":68},[62,115416,73],{"class":72},[62,115418,256],{"class":95},[62,115420,499],{"class":99},[62,115422,103],{"class":95},[62,115424,284],{"class":99},[62,115426,287],{"class":95},[62,115428,115429,115431,115433,115435,115437,115439],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115430,15833],{"class":68},[62,115432,409],{"class":95},[62,115434,30626],{"class":139},[62,115436,131],{"class":95},[62,115438,299],{"class":99},[62,115440,434],{"class":95},[14,115442,62231,115443,8780,115445,115447],{},[18,115444,1535],{},[18,115446,299],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115449,6745],{},[53,115451,115453],{"className":55,"code":115452,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115454,115455,115471,115485,115489,115499],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115456,115457,115459,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115458,15795],{"class":68},[62,115460,73],{"class":72},[62,115462,256],{"class":95},[62,115464,499],{"class":99},[62,115466,103],{"class":95},[62,115468,284],{"class":99},[62,115470,287],{"class":95},[62,115472,115473,115475,115477,115479,115481,115483],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115474,15833],{"class":68},[62,115476,409],{"class":95},[62,115478,30626],{"class":139},[62,115480,496],{"class":95},[62,115482,299],{"class":99},[62,115484,4088],{"class":95},[62,115486,115487],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115488,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115490,115491,115493,115495,115497],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115492,128],{"class":127},[62,115494,131],{"class":95},[62,115496,15833],{"class":139},[62,115498,434],{"class":95},[62,115500,115501],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115502,115503],{"class":146},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115505,46065,115506,409],{},[262,115507,25840,115508],{"href":2137},[18,115509,115510],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1256,115512,115514],{"id":115513},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115516,115517],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[53,115519,115521],{"className":55,"code":115520,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115522,115523,115539,115565,115569,115579],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115524,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533,115535,115537],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115526,15795],{"class":68},[62,115528,73],{"class":72},[62,115530,256],{"class":95},[62,115532,499],{"class":99},[62,115534,103],{"class":95},[62,115536,284],{"class":99},[62,115538,287],{"class":95},[62,115540,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561,115563],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115542,15833],{"class":68},[62,115544,409],{"class":95},[62,115546,30626],{"class":139},[62,115548,496],{"class":95},[62,115550,1935],{"class":99},[62,115552,103],{"class":95},[62,115554,284],{"class":99},[62,115556,103],{"class":95},[62,115558,284],{"class":99},[62,115560,103],{"class":95},[62,115562,508],{"class":99},[62,115564,4088],{"class":95},[62,115566,115567],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115568,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115570,115571,115573,115575,115577],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115572,128],{"class":127},[62,115574,131],{"class":95},[62,115576,15833],{"class":139},[62,115578,434],{"class":95},[62,115580,115581],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115582,114681],{"class":146},[1256,115584,115586,115587,44781,115589,115591],{"id":115585},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115588,15121],{},[18,115590,96153],{}," is better",[14,115593,115594,115595,115597],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115596,96153],{}," is usually the better choice.",[53,115599,115601],{"className":55,"code":115600,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115602,115603,115619,115637,115641,115651],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115604,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115606,15795],{"class":68},[62,115608,73],{"class":72},[62,115610,256],{"class":95},[62,115612,259],{"class":76},[62,115614,58072],{"class":80},[62,115616,259],{"class":76},[62,115618,287],{"class":95},[62,115620,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115622,15833],{"class":68},[62,115624,409],{"class":95},[62,115626,82053],{"class":139},[62,115628,131],{"class":95},[62,115630,259],{"class":76},[62,115632,37209],{"class":80},[62,115634,259],{"class":76},[62,115636,434],{"class":95},[62,115638,115639],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115640,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115642,115643,115645,115647,115649],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115644,128],{"class":127},[62,115646,131],{"class":95},[62,115648,15833],{"class":139},[62,115650,434],{"class":95},[62,115652,115653],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115654,114841],{"class":146},[48,115656,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,115658,12875,115660,97243],{"id":115659},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115661,97264],{},[14,115663,97246,115664,409],{},[18,115665,1548],{},[1256,115667,28489,115668,32388],{"id":32385},[18,115669,15121],{},[14,115671,115672],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1256,115674,5378,115676,1940,115678,632],{"id":115675},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115677,96153],{},[18,115679,15121],{},[14,115681,115682,115684,115685,115687],{},[18,115683,96153],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115686,15121],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1256,115689,115691],{"id":115690},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115693,115694,115695,114690],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115696,15121],{},[1256,115698,115700],{"id":115699},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115702,169,115703,11264,115705,409],{},[18,115704,102749],{},[18,115706,15121],{},[48,115708,2109],{"id":2108},[29,115710,115711,115718,115725,115731,115737],{},[32,115712,115713],{},[262,115714,115715],{"href":98450},[18,115716,115717],{},"Python set add() method",[32,115719,115720],{},[262,115721,115722],{"href":102746},[18,115723,115724],{},"Python set union() method",[32,115726,115727],{},[262,115728,115729],{"href":97833},[18,115730,97288],{},[32,115732,115733],{},[262,115734,115735],{"href":99027},[18,115736,100294],{},[32,115738,115739],{},[262,115740,115741,115743],{"href":2137},[18,115742,115510],{}," fix",[14,115745,115746,115747,115749,115750,115752],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115748,96158],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115751,107993],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2145,115754,115755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":115757},[115758,115759,115761,115762,115763,115764,115765,115766,115768,115773,115780,115789],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":113988,"depth":87,"text":115760},"What set.update() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":22131,"depth":87,"text":22132},{"id":114374,"depth":87,"text":114375},{"id":114477,"depth":87,"text":114478},{"id":114684,"depth":87,"text":114685},{"id":114844,"depth":87,"text":115767},"update() vs add()",{"id":115064,"depth":87,"text":115769,"children":115770},"update() vs union()",[115771,115772],{"id":30626,"depth":117,"text":15121},{"id":111219,"depth":117,"text":102749},{"id":115264,"depth":87,"text":115265,"children":115774},[115775,115776,115777,115778],{"id":115272,"depth":117,"text":115273},{"id":115402,"depth":117,"text":115403},{"id":115513,"depth":117,"text":115514},{"id":115585,"depth":117,"text":115779},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":115781},[115782,115784,115785,115787,115788],{"id":115659,"depth":117,"text":115783},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32385,"depth":117,"text":32458},{"id":115675,"depth":117,"text":115786},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115690,"depth":117,"text":115691},{"id":115699,"depth":117,"text":115700},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113900,"description":115790},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115796,"title":115797,"body":115798,"description":117564,"extension":2174,"meta":117565,"navigation":120,"path":13956,"seo":117566,"stem":117567,"__hash__":117568},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115799,"toc":117539},[115800,115803,115806,115809,115820,115828,115831,115833,115982,115994,115998,116015,116019,116027,116029,116040,116042,116139,116145,116148,116244,116253,116258,116262,116267,116269,116279,116281,116390,116398,116402,116405,116408,116425,116431,116511,116514,116518,116521,116525,116528,116587,116590,116594,116597,116689,116693,116696,116803,116807,116813,116841,116843,116925,116935,116939,116942,116953,116956,117041,117044,117049,117053,117056,117067,117070,117212,117215,117219,117222,117236,117239,117300,117306,117308,117311,117333,117336,117436,117439,117471,117473,117477,117480,117482,117485,117489,117492,117496,117499,117503,117506,117508,117536],[10,115801,115797],{"id":115802},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115804,115805],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115807,115808],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[29,115810,115811,115814,115817],{},[32,115812,115813],{},"a list inside another list",[32,115815,115816],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[32,115818,115819],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115821,100216,115822,1940,115824,115827],{},[3946,115823,13022],{},[3946,115825,115826],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115829,115830],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[48,115832,51],{"id":50},[53,115834,115836],{"className":55,"code":115835,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115837,115838,115845,115849,115875,115895,115915,115919,115937,115941,115954,115968],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,115839,115840,115842],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,115841,35253],{"class":729},[62,115843,115844],{"class":68}," copy\n",[62,115846,115847],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,115848,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115850,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861,115863,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,115852,12257],{"class":68},[62,115854,73],{"class":72},[62,115856,56238],{"class":95},[62,115858,499],{"class":99},[62,115860,103],{"class":95},[62,115862,284],{"class":99},[62,115864,18225],{"class":95},[62,115866,96],{"class":95},[62,115868,2273],{"class":99},[62,115870,103],{"class":95},[62,115872,2661],{"class":99},[62,115874,53186],{"class":95},[62,115876,115877,115880,115882,115885,115887,115889,115891,115893],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,115878,115879],{"class":68},"shallow ",[62,115881,73],{"class":72},[62,115883,115884],{"class":68}," copy",[62,115886,409],{"class":95},[62,115888,13081],{"class":139},[62,115890,131],{"class":95},[62,115892,12304],{"class":139},[62,115894,434],{"class":95},[62,115896,115897,115900,115902,115904,115906,115909,115911,115913],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,115898,115899],{"class":68},"deep ",[62,115901,73],{"class":72},[62,115903,115884],{"class":68},[62,115905,409],{"class":95},[62,115907,115908],{"class":139},"deepcopy",[62,115910,131],{"class":95},[62,115912,12304],{"class":139},[62,115914,434],{"class":95},[62,115916,115917],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,115918,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115920,115921,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931,115933,115935],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,115922,12304],{"class":68},[62,115924,948],{"class":95},[62,115926,665],{"class":99},[62,115928,13717],{"class":95},[62,115930,13720],{"class":139},[62,115932,131],{"class":95},[62,115934,56291],{"class":99},[62,115936,434],{"class":95},[62,115938,115939],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,115940,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,115942,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,115944,128],{"class":127},[62,115946,131],{"class":95},[62,115948,12304],{"class":139},[62,115950,741],{"class":95},[62,115952,115953],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[62,115955,115956,115958,115960,115963,115965],{"class":64,"line":6627},[62,115957,128],{"class":127},[62,115959,131],{"class":95},[62,115961,115962],{"class":139},"shallow",[62,115964,741],{"class":95},[62,115966,115967],{"class":146},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[62,115969,115970,115972,115974,115977,115979],{"class":64,"line":11765},[62,115971,128],{"class":127},[62,115973,131],{"class":95},[62,115975,115976],{"class":139},"deep",[62,115978,741],{"class":95},[62,115980,115981],{"class":146},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115983,169,115984,115987,115988,1940,115990,115993],{},[18,115985,115986],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3946,115989,13022],{},[18,115991,115992],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[48,115995,115997],{"id":115996},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[29,115999,116000,116003,116006,116009,116012],{},[32,116001,116002],{},"What a copy means in Python",[32,116004,116005],{},"How shallow copy works",[32,116007,116008],{},"How deep copy works",[32,116010,116011],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[32,116013,116014],{},"When to use each approach",[48,116016,116018],{"id":116017},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116020,15356,116021,116023,116024,116026],{},[3946,116022,13022],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3946,116025,4830],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116028,2319],{},[29,116030,116031,116034,116037],{},[32,116032,116033],{},"the outer container is new",[32,116035,116036],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[32,116038,116039],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116041,201],{},[53,116043,116045],{"className":55,"code":116044,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,116046,116047,116073,116087,116091,116109,116113,116126],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116048,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057,116059,116061,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116050,12257],{"class":68},[62,116052,73],{"class":72},[62,116054,56238],{"class":95},[62,116056,499],{"class":99},[62,116058,103],{"class":95},[62,116060,284],{"class":99},[62,116062,18225],{"class":95},[62,116064,96],{"class":95},[62,116066,2273],{"class":99},[62,116068,103],{"class":95},[62,116070,2661],{"class":99},[62,116072,53186],{"class":95},[62,116074,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116076,14478],{"class":68},[62,116078,73],{"class":72},[62,116080,12332],{"class":68},[62,116082,409],{"class":95},[62,116084,13081],{"class":139},[62,116086,8822],{"class":95},[62,116088,116089],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116090,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116092,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,116094,14497],{"class":68},[62,116096,409],{"class":95},[62,116098,13720],{"class":139},[62,116100,496],{"class":95},[62,116102,299],{"class":99},[62,116104,103],{"class":95},[62,116106,304],{"class":99},[62,116108,4088],{"class":95},[62,116110,116111],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,116112,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116114,116115,116117,116119,116121,116123],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,116116,128],{"class":127},[62,116118,131],{"class":95},[62,116120,12304],{"class":139},[62,116122,741],{"class":95},[62,116124,116125],{"class":146},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[62,116127,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,116129,128],{"class":127},[62,116131,131],{"class":95},[62,116133,14497],{"class":139},[62,116135,741],{"class":95},[62,116137,116138],{"class":146},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116140,116141,116142,116144],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,116143,14497],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116146,116147],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[53,116149,116151],{"className":55,"code":116150,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116152,116153,116179,116193,116197,116215,116219,116231],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116154,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116156,12257],{"class":68},[62,116158,73],{"class":72},[62,116160,56238],{"class":95},[62,116162,499],{"class":99},[62,116164,103],{"class":95},[62,116166,284],{"class":99},[62,116168,18225],{"class":95},[62,116170,96],{"class":95},[62,116172,2273],{"class":99},[62,116174,103],{"class":95},[62,116176,2661],{"class":99},[62,116178,53186],{"class":95},[62,116180,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116182,14478],{"class":68},[62,116184,73],{"class":72},[62,116186,12332],{"class":68},[62,116188,409],{"class":95},[62,116190,13081],{"class":139},[62,116192,8822],{"class":95},[62,116194,116195],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116196,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116198,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,116200,14497],{"class":68},[62,116202,948],{"class":95},[62,116204,665],{"class":99},[62,116206,13717],{"class":95},[62,116208,13720],{"class":139},[62,116210,131],{"class":95},[62,116212,56291],{"class":99},[62,116214,434],{"class":95},[62,116216,116217],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,116218,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116220,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,116222,128],{"class":127},[62,116224,131],{"class":95},[62,116226,12304],{"class":139},[62,116228,741],{"class":95},[62,116230,115953],{"class":146},[62,116232,116233,116235,116237,116239,116241],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,116234,128],{"class":127},[62,116236,131],{"class":95},[62,116238,14497],{"class":139},[62,116240,741],{"class":95},[62,116242,116243],{"class":146},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116245,116246,116247,1940,116249,116252],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116248,56395],{},[18,116250,116251],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116254,116255,116256,409],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[262,116257,44087],{"href":12236},[48,116259,116261],{"id":116260},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116263,15356,116264,116266],{},[3946,116265,115826],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116268,2319],{},[29,116270,116271,116273,116276],{},[32,116272,116033],{},[32,116274,116275],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[32,116277,116278],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116280,201],{},[53,116282,116284],{"className":55,"code":116283,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116285,116286,116292,116296,116322,116340,116344,116362,116366,116378],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116287,116288,116290],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116289,35253],{"class":729},[62,116291,115844],{"class":68},[62,116293,116294],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116295,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116297,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116299,12257],{"class":68},[62,116301,73],{"class":72},[62,116303,56238],{"class":95},[62,116305,499],{"class":99},[62,116307,103],{"class":95},[62,116309,284],{"class":99},[62,116311,18225],{"class":95},[62,116313,96],{"class":95},[62,116315,2273],{"class":99},[62,116317,103],{"class":95},[62,116319,2661],{"class":99},[62,116321,53186],{"class":95},[62,116323,116324,116326,116328,116330,116332,116334,116336,116338],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,116325,14478],{"class":68},[62,116327,73],{"class":72},[62,116329,115884],{"class":68},[62,116331,409],{"class":95},[62,116333,115908],{"class":139},[62,116335,131],{"class":95},[62,116337,12304],{"class":139},[62,116339,434],{"class":95},[62,116341,116342],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,116343,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116345,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,116347,14497],{"class":68},[62,116349,948],{"class":95},[62,116351,665],{"class":99},[62,116353,13717],{"class":95},[62,116355,13720],{"class":139},[62,116357,131],{"class":95},[62,116359,56291],{"class":99},[62,116361,434],{"class":95},[62,116363,116364],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,116365,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116367,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,116369,128],{"class":127},[62,116371,131],{"class":95},[62,116373,12304],{"class":139},[62,116375,741],{"class":95},[62,116377,116125],{"class":146},[62,116379,116380,116382,116384,116386,116388],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,116381,128],{"class":127},[62,116383,131],{"class":95},[62,116385,14497],{"class":139},[62,116387,741],{"class":95},[62,116389,116243],{"class":146},[14,116391,116392,116393,116395,116396,409],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116394,116251],{}," does not change ",[18,116397,56395],{},[48,116399,116401],{"id":116400},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116403,116404],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116406,116407],{},"Common reasons:",[29,116409,116410,116413,116416,116422],{},[32,116411,116412],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[32,116414,116415],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[32,116417,116418,116419,116421],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116420,73],{}," does not make a copy",[32,116423,116424],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116426,116427,116428,116430],{},"For example, this does ",[3946,116429,4830],{}," create a copy:",[53,116432,116434],{"className":55,"code":116433,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116435,116436,116456,116464,116468,116482,116486,116498],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116437,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116439,12257],{"class":68},[62,116441,73],{"class":72},[62,116443,96],{"class":95},[62,116445,499],{"class":99},[62,116447,103],{"class":95},[62,116449,284],{"class":99},[62,116451,103],{"class":95},[62,116453,508],{"class":99},[62,116455,114],{"class":95},[62,116457,116458,116460,116462],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116459,14478],{"class":68},[62,116461,73],{"class":72},[62,116463,12295],{"class":68},[62,116465,116466],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116467,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116469,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,116471,14497],{"class":68},[62,116473,409],{"class":95},[62,116475,13720],{"class":139},[62,116477,131],{"class":95},[62,116479,2708],{"class":99},[62,116481,434],{"class":95},[62,116483,116484],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,116485,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116487,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,116489,128],{"class":127},[62,116491,131],{"class":95},[62,116493,12304],{"class":139},[62,116495,741],{"class":95},[62,116497,55645],{"class":146},[62,116499,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,116501,128],{"class":127},[62,116503,131],{"class":95},[62,116505,14497],{"class":139},[62,116507,741],{"class":95},[62,116509,116510],{"class":146},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116512,116513],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[48,116515,116517],{"id":116516},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116519,116520],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1256,116522,116524],{"id":116523},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116526,116527],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[53,116529,116531],{"className":55,"code":116530,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116532,116533,116559,116567,116571],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116534,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116536,12257],{"class":68},[62,116538,73],{"class":72},[62,116540,56238],{"class":95},[62,116542,499],{"class":99},[62,116544,103],{"class":95},[62,116546,284],{"class":99},[62,116548,18225],{"class":95},[62,116550,96],{"class":95},[62,116552,2273],{"class":99},[62,116554,103],{"class":95},[62,116556,2661],{"class":99},[62,116558,53186],{"class":95},[62,116560,116561,116563,116565],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116562,14269],{"class":68},[62,116564,73],{"class":72},[62,116566,12295],{"class":68},[62,116568,116569],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116570,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116572,116573,116575,116577,116579,116581,116583,116585],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,116574,128],{"class":127},[62,116576,131],{"class":95},[62,116578,12257],{"class":139},[62,116580,1791],{"class":729},[62,116582,14337],{"class":139},[62,116584,741],{"class":95},[62,116586,3866],{"class":146},[14,116588,116589],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1256,116591,116593],{"id":116592},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116595,116596],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[53,116598,116600],{"className":55,"code":116599,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116601,116602,116628,116642,116646,116663],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116603,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622,116624,116626],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116605,12257],{"class":68},[62,116607,73],{"class":72},[62,116609,56238],{"class":95},[62,116611,499],{"class":99},[62,116613,103],{"class":95},[62,116615,284],{"class":99},[62,116617,18225],{"class":95},[62,116619,96],{"class":95},[62,116621,2273],{"class":99},[62,116623,103],{"class":95},[62,116625,2661],{"class":99},[62,116627,53186],{"class":95},[62,116629,116630,116632,116634,116636,116638,116640],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116631,115879],{"class":68},[62,116633,73],{"class":72},[62,116635,12332],{"class":68},[62,116637,409],{"class":95},[62,116639,13081],{"class":139},[62,116641,8822],{"class":95},[62,116643,116644],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116645,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116647,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116659,116661],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,116649,128],{"class":127},[62,116651,131],{"class":95},[62,116653,12257],{"class":139},[62,116655,1791],{"class":729},[62,116657,116658],{"class":139}," shallow",[62,116660,741],{"class":95},[62,116662,21363],{"class":146},[62,116664,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,116666,128],{"class":127},[62,116668,131],{"class":95},[62,116670,12304],{"class":139},[62,116672,948],{"class":95},[62,116674,665],{"class":99},[62,116676,13440],{"class":95},[62,116678,8279],{"class":729},[62,116680,116658],{"class":139},[62,116682,948],{"class":95},[62,116684,665],{"class":99},[62,116686,953],{"class":95},[62,116688,3866],{"class":146},[1256,116690,116692],{"id":116691},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116694,116695],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[53,116697,116699],{"className":55,"code":116698,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116700,116701,116707,116711,116737,116755,116759,116777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116702,116703,116705],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116704,35253],{"class":729},[62,116706,115844],{"class":68},[62,116708,116709],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116710,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116712,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116714,12257],{"class":68},[62,116716,73],{"class":72},[62,116718,56238],{"class":95},[62,116720,499],{"class":99},[62,116722,103],{"class":95},[62,116724,284],{"class":99},[62,116726,18225],{"class":95},[62,116728,96],{"class":95},[62,116730,2273],{"class":99},[62,116732,103],{"class":95},[62,116734,2661],{"class":99},[62,116736,53186],{"class":95},[62,116738,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751,116753],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,116740,115899],{"class":68},[62,116742,73],{"class":72},[62,116744,115884],{"class":68},[62,116746,409],{"class":95},[62,116748,115908],{"class":139},[62,116750,131],{"class":95},[62,116752,12304],{"class":139},[62,116754,434],{"class":95},[62,116756,116757],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,116758,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116760,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116772,116774],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,116762,128],{"class":127},[62,116764,131],{"class":95},[62,116766,12257],{"class":139},[62,116768,1791],{"class":729},[62,116770,116771],{"class":139}," deep",[62,116773,741],{"class":95},[62,116775,116776],{"class":146},"         # False\n",[62,116778,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,116780,128],{"class":127},[62,116782,131],{"class":95},[62,116784,12304],{"class":139},[62,116786,948],{"class":95},[62,116788,665],{"class":99},[62,116790,13440],{"class":95},[62,116792,8279],{"class":729},[62,116794,116771],{"class":139},[62,116796,948],{"class":95},[62,116798,665],{"class":99},[62,116800,953],{"class":95},[62,116802,44023],{"class":146},[48,116804,116806],{"id":116805},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116808,116809,116810,267],{},"These all make ",[3946,116811,116812],{},"shallow copies",[29,116814,116815,116819,116823,116828,116834],{},[32,116816,116817],{},[18,116818,55545],{},[32,116820,116821],{},[18,116822,12605],{},[32,116824,116825],{},[18,116826,116827],{},"set.copy()",[32,116829,116830,116831],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116832,116833],{},"my_list[:]",[32,116835,116836,116838,116839,35243],{},[18,116837,115986],{}," from the ",[18,116840,13081],{},[14,116842,2337],{},[53,116844,116846],{"className":55,"code":116845,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116847,116848,116868,116872,116886,116897,116901,116913],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116849,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116851,225],{"class":68},[62,116853,73],{"class":72},[62,116855,96],{"class":95},[62,116857,499],{"class":99},[62,116859,103],{"class":95},[62,116861,284],{"class":99},[62,116863,103],{"class":95},[62,116865,508],{"class":99},[62,116867,114],{"class":95},[62,116869,116870],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116871,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116873,116874,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116875,2758],{"class":68},[62,116877,73],{"class":72},[62,116879,4462],{"class":68},[62,116881,409],{"class":95},[62,116883,13081],{"class":139},[62,116885,8822],{"class":95},[62,116887,116888,116890,116892,116894],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,116889,2786],{"class":68},[62,116891,73],{"class":72},[62,116893,4462],{"class":68},[62,116895,116896],{"class":95},"[:]\n",[62,116898,116899],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,116900,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,116902,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,116904,128],{"class":127},[62,116906,131],{"class":95},[62,116908,262],{"class":139},[62,116910,741],{"class":95},[62,116912,54876],{"class":146},[62,116914,116915,116917,116919,116921,116923],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,116916,128],{"class":127},[62,116918,131],{"class":95},[62,116920,277],{"class":139},[62,116922,741],{"class":95},[62,116924,54876],{"class":146},[14,116926,73087,116927,47686,116931,409],{},[262,116928,116929,10912],{"href":54904},[18,116930,55545],{},[262,116932,116933,10912],{"href":12602},[18,116934,12605],{},[48,116936,116938],{"id":116937},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116940,116941],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[29,116943,116944,116947,116950],{},[32,116945,116946],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[32,116948,116949],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[32,116951,116952],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116954,116955],{},"Example with a flat list:",[53,116957,116959],{"className":55,"code":116958,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116960,116961,116981,116995,116999,117013,117017,117029],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,116962,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977,116979],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,116964,12257],{"class":68},[62,116966,73],{"class":72},[62,116968,96],{"class":95},[62,116970,499],{"class":99},[62,116972,103],{"class":95},[62,116974,284],{"class":99},[62,116976,103],{"class":95},[62,116978,508],{"class":99},[62,116980,114],{"class":95},[62,116982,116983,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,116984,14478],{"class":68},[62,116986,73],{"class":72},[62,116988,12332],{"class":68},[62,116990,409],{"class":95},[62,116992,13081],{"class":139},[62,116994,8822],{"class":95},[62,116996,116997],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,116998,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117000,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,117002,14497],{"class":68},[62,117004,409],{"class":95},[62,117006,13720],{"class":139},[62,117008,131],{"class":95},[62,117010,2708],{"class":99},[62,117012,434],{"class":95},[62,117014,117015],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,117016,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117018,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,117020,128],{"class":127},[62,117022,131],{"class":95},[62,117024,12304],{"class":139},[62,117026,741],{"class":95},[62,117028,54876],{"class":146},[62,117030,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,117032,128],{"class":127},[62,117034,131],{"class":95},[62,117036,14497],{"class":139},[62,117038,741],{"class":95},[62,117040,116510],{"class":146},[14,117042,117043],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117045,117046,117047,409],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[262,117048,15055],{"href":57164},[48,117050,117052],{"id":117051},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117054,117055],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[29,117057,117058,117061,117064],{},[32,117059,117060],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[32,117062,117063],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[32,117065,117066],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117068,117069],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[53,117071,117073],{"className":55,"code":117072,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,117074,117075,117081,117085,117111,117125,117143,117147,117169,117173,117186,117199],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117076,117077,117079],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117078,35253],{"class":729},[62,117080,115844],{"class":68},[62,117082,117083],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,117084,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117086,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105,117107,117109],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,117088,12257],{"class":68},[62,117090,73],{"class":72},[62,117092,256],{"class":95},[62,117094,259],{"class":76},[62,117096,1010],{"class":80},[62,117098,259],{"class":76},[62,117100,267],{"class":95},[62,117102,96],{"class":95},[62,117104,100],{"class":99},[62,117106,103],{"class":95},[62,117108,106],{"class":99},[62,117110,13872],{"class":95},[62,117112,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,117114,115879],{"class":68},[62,117116,73],{"class":72},[62,117118,12332],{"class":68},[62,117120,409],{"class":95},[62,117122,13081],{"class":139},[62,117124,8822],{"class":95},[62,117126,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,117128,115899],{"class":68},[62,117130,73],{"class":72},[62,117132,115884],{"class":68},[62,117134,409],{"class":95},[62,117136,115908],{"class":139},[62,117138,131],{"class":95},[62,117140,12304],{"class":139},[62,117142,434],{"class":95},[62,117144,117145],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,117146,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117148,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165,117167],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,117150,12304],{"class":68},[62,117152,948],{"class":95},[62,117154,259],{"class":76},[62,117156,1010],{"class":80},[62,117158,259],{"class":76},[62,117160,13717],{"class":95},[62,117162,13720],{"class":139},[62,117164,131],{"class":95},[62,117166,37003],{"class":99},[62,117168,434],{"class":95},[62,117170,117171],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,117172,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117174,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,117176,128],{"class":127},[62,117178,131],{"class":95},[62,117180,12304],{"class":139},[62,117182,741],{"class":95},[62,117184,117185],{"class":146},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[62,117187,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196],{"class":64,"line":6627},[62,117189,128],{"class":127},[62,117191,131],{"class":95},[62,117193,115962],{"class":139},[62,117195,741],{"class":95},[62,117197,117198],{"class":146},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[62,117200,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209],{"class":64,"line":11765},[62,117202,128],{"class":127},[62,117204,131],{"class":95},[62,117206,115976],{"class":139},[62,117208,741],{"class":95},[62,117210,117211],{"class":146},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117213,117214],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[48,117216,117218],{"id":117217},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117220,117221],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[29,117223,117224,117227,117230,117233],{},[32,117225,117226],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[32,117228,117229],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[32,117231,117232],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[32,117234,117235],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117237,117238],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[53,117240,117242],{"className":55,"code":117241,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117243,117244,117252,117260,117264,117272,117276,117288],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117245,117246,117248,117250],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117247,2758],{"class":68},[62,117249,73],{"class":72},[62,117251,2791],{"class":99},[62,117253,117254,117256,117258],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,117255,2786],{"class":68},[62,117257,73],{"class":72},[62,117259,36336],{"class":68},[62,117261,117262],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,117263,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117265,117266,117268,117270],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,117267,2786],{"class":68},[62,117269,73],{"class":72},[62,117271,14781],{"class":99},[62,117273,117274],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,117275,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117277,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,117279,128],{"class":127},[62,117281,131],{"class":95},[62,117283,262],{"class":139},[62,117285,741],{"class":95},[62,117287,26956],{"class":146},[62,117289,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,117291,128],{"class":127},[62,117293,131],{"class":95},[62,117295,277],{"class":139},[62,117297,741],{"class":95},[62,117299,27776],{"class":146},[14,117301,93458,117302,117305],{},[262,117303,117304],{"href":12236},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[48,117307,1824],{"id":1823},[14,117309,117310],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[29,117312,117313,117317,117322,117327,117330],{},[32,117314,1834,117315,56728],{},[18,117316,73],{},[32,117318,1834,117319,117321],{},[18,117320,55545],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[32,117323,1834,117324,117326],{},[18,117325,12605],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[32,117328,117329],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[32,117331,117332],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117334,117335],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[53,117337,117339],{"className":55,"code":117338,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117340,117341,117355,117369,117391,117422],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117342,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117344,128],{"class":127},[62,117346,131],{"class":95},[62,117348,12257],{"class":139},[62,117350,1791],{"class":729},[62,117352,14551],{"class":139},[62,117354,434],{"class":95},[62,117356,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,117358,128],{"class":127},[62,117360,131],{"class":95},[62,117362,12257],{"class":139},[62,117364,4888],{"class":72},[62,117366,14551],{"class":139},[62,117368,434],{"class":95},[62,117370,117371,117373,117375,117377,117379,117381,117383,117385,117387,117389],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,117372,128],{"class":127},[62,117374,131],{"class":95},[62,117376,12820],{"class":127},[62,117378,131],{"class":95},[62,117380,12304],{"class":139},[62,117382,9408],{"class":95},[62,117384,14983],{"class":127},[62,117386,131],{"class":95},[62,117388,14497],{"class":139},[62,117390,1013],{"class":95},[62,117392,117393,117395,117397,117399,117401,117403,117405,117407,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418,117420],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,117394,128],{"class":127},[62,117396,131],{"class":95},[62,117398,12820],{"class":127},[62,117400,131],{"class":95},[62,117402,12304],{"class":139},[62,117404,948],{"class":95},[62,117406,665],{"class":99},[62,117408,117409],{"class":95},"]),",[62,117411,14983],{"class":127},[62,117413,131],{"class":95},[62,117415,14497],{"class":139},[62,117417,948],{"class":95},[62,117419,665],{"class":99},[62,117421,3201],{"class":95},[62,117423,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,117425,128],{"class":127},[62,117427,131],{"class":95},[62,117429,1690],{"class":430},[62,117431,131],{"class":95},[62,117433,12304],{"class":139},[62,117435,1013],{"class":95},[14,117437,117438],{},"What they tell you:",[29,117440,117441,117446,117451,117456,117466],{},[32,117442,117443,117445],{},[18,117444,1791],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[32,117447,117448,117450],{},[18,117449,4888],{}," checks whether values are equal",[32,117452,117453,117455],{},[18,117454,43639],{}," shows the identity of an object",[32,117457,117458,117459,1940,117462,117465],{},"comparing ",[18,117460,117461],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117463,117464],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[32,117467,117468,117470],{},[18,117469,2507],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[48,117472,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,117474,117476],{"id":117475},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117478,117479],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1256,117481,57214],{"id":57129},[14,117483,117484],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1256,117486,117488],{"id":117487},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117490,117491],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1256,117493,117495],{"id":117494},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117497,117498],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1256,117500,117502],{"id":117501},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117504,117505],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[48,117507,2109],{"id":2108},[29,117509,117510,117515,117521,117527,117531],{},[32,117511,117512],{},[262,117513,117514],{"href":12236},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[32,117516,117517],{},[262,117518,3779,117519,10912],{"href":54904},[18,117520,55545],{},[32,117522,117523],{},[262,117524,3779,117525,10912],{"href":12602},[18,117526,12605],{},[32,117528,117529],{},[262,117530,15132],{"href":57164},[32,117532,117533],{},[262,117534,117535],{"href":58439},"What is a list in Python?",[2145,117537,117538],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":117540},[117541,117542,117543,117544,117545,117546,117551,117552,117553,117554,117555,117556,117563],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":115996,"depth":87,"text":115997},{"id":116017,"depth":87,"text":116018},{"id":116260,"depth":87,"text":116261},{"id":116400,"depth":87,"text":116401},{"id":116516,"depth":87,"text":116517,"children":117547},[117548,117549,117550],{"id":116523,"depth":117,"text":116524},{"id":116592,"depth":117,"text":116593},{"id":116691,"depth":117,"text":116692},{"id":116805,"depth":87,"text":116806},{"id":116937,"depth":87,"text":116938},{"id":117051,"depth":87,"text":117052},{"id":117217,"depth":87,"text":117218},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":117557},[117558,117559,117560,117561,117562],{"id":117475,"depth":117,"text":117476},{"id":57129,"depth":117,"text":57214},{"id":117487,"depth":117,"text":117488},{"id":117494,"depth":117,"text":117495},{"id":117501,"depth":117,"text":117502},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115797,"description":117564},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117570,"title":117571,"body":117572,"description":119429,"extension":2174,"meta":119430,"navigation":120,"path":119431,"seo":119432,"stem":119433,"__hash__":119434},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117573,"toc":119387},[117574,117579,117584,117592,117594,117662,117667,117672,117687,117690,117692,117723,117725,117745,117748,117763,117765,117768,117841,117843,117888,117890,117901,117906,117910,117915,117918,117957,117959,117979,117982,118039,118041,118076,118079,118118,118120,118140,118143,118174,118176,118232,118234,118239,118310,118312,118345,118350,118355,118420,118422,118459,118462,118539,118541,118601,118608,118613,118616,118619,118700,118702,118743,118748,118751,118829,118831,118864,118873,118880,118883,118894,118897,118908,118912,118920,118929,118933,118938,118942,118947,118990,118993,118999,119002,119004,119051,119056,119060,119063,119112,119114,119135,119138,119140,119165,119168,119289,119294,119296,119301,119304,119309,119312,119320,119325,119332,119335,119343,119346,119348,119384],[10,117575,3779,117577,3783],{"id":117576},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117578,74371],{},[14,117580,117581,117583],{},[18,117582,74371],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117585,117586,117587,399,117589,117591],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117588,77814],{},[18,117590,74371],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[48,117593,3813],{"id":3812},[53,117595,117597],{"className":55,"code":117596,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117598,117599,117619,117633,117637,117649],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117600,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117602,225],{"class":68},[62,117604,73],{"class":72},[62,117606,96],{"class":95},[62,117608,2273],{"class":99},[62,117610,103],{"class":95},[62,117612,270],{"class":99},[62,117614,103],{"class":95},[62,117616,284],{"class":99},[62,117618,114],{"class":95},[62,117620,117621,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,117622,2435],{"class":68},[62,117624,73],{"class":72},[62,117626,74505],{"class":127},[62,117628,131],{"class":95},[62,117630,348],{"class":139},[62,117632,434],{"class":95},[62,117634,117635],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,117636,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117638,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,117640,128],{"class":127},[62,117642,131],{"class":95},[62,117644,2470],{"class":139},[62,117646,741],{"class":95},[62,117648,55632],{"class":146},[62,117650,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,117652,128],{"class":127},[62,117654,131],{"class":95},[62,117656,348],{"class":139},[62,117658,741],{"class":95},[62,117660,117661],{"class":146},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117663,117664,117666],{},[18,117665,74371],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[48,117668,3879,117670,3882],{"id":117669},"what-sorted-does",[18,117671,74371],{},[29,117673,117674,117678,117681,117684],{},[32,117675,117676,62872],{},[18,117677,74371],{},[32,117679,117680],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[32,117682,117683],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[32,117685,117686],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117688,117689],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[48,117691,413],{"id":412},[53,117693,117695],{"className":55,"code":117694,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117696,117697],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117698,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117700,74461],{"class":127},[62,117702,131],{"class":95},[62,117704,3923],{"class":139},[62,117706,103],{"class":95},[62,117708,21742],{"class":9351},[62,117710,73],{"class":72},[62,117712,1548],{"class":1618},[62,117714,103],{"class":95},[62,117716,78017],{"class":9351},[62,117718,73],{"class":72},[62,117720,2098],{"class":1618},[62,117722,434],{"class":95},[1256,117724,17560],{"id":17559},[29,117726,117727,117732,117737],{},[32,117728,117729,117731],{},[18,117730,3923],{},": the values to sort",[32,117733,117734,117736],{},[18,117735,15008],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[32,117738,117739,117741,117742,117744],{},[18,117740,73524],{},": set to ",[18,117743,3808],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117746,117747],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[53,117749,117751],{"className":55,"code":117750,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117752,117753],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117754,117755,117757,117759,117761],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117756,74461],{"class":127},[62,117758,131],{"class":95},[62,117760,60253],{"class":139},[62,117762,434],{"class":95},[48,117764,11648],{"id":11647},[14,117766,117767],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[53,117769,117771],{"className":55,"code":117770,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117772,117773,117797,117801,117816,117820,117831],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117774,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117776,225],{"class":68},[62,117778,73],{"class":72},[62,117780,96],{"class":95},[62,117782,299],{"class":99},[62,117784,103],{"class":95},[62,117786,284],{"class":99},[62,117788,103],{"class":95},[62,117790,1409],{"class":99},[62,117792,103],{"class":95},[62,117794,270],{"class":99},[62,117796,114],{"class":95},[62,117798,117799],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,117800,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117802,117803,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,117804,117805],{"class":68},"sorted_numbers ",[62,117807,73],{"class":72},[62,117809,74505],{"class":127},[62,117811,131],{"class":95},[62,117813,348],{"class":139},[62,117815,434],{"class":95},[62,117817,117818],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,117819,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,117821,117822,117824,117826,117829],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,117823,128],{"class":127},[62,117825,131],{"class":95},[62,117827,117828],{"class":139},"sorted_numbers",[62,117830,434],{"class":95},[62,117832,117833,117835,117837,117839],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,117834,128],{"class":127},[62,117836,131],{"class":95},[62,117838,348],{"class":139},[62,117840,434],{"class":95},[14,117842,2282],{},[53,117844,117846],{"className":55,"code":117845,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117847,117848,117868],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117849,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117851,948],{"class":95},[62,117853,499],{"class":99},[62,117855,103],{"class":95},[62,117857,284],{"class":99},[62,117859,103],{"class":95},[62,117861,4804],{"class":99},[62,117863,103],{"class":95},[62,117865,1409],{"class":99},[62,117867,114],{"class":95},[62,117869,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,117871,948],{"class":95},[62,117873,299],{"class":99},[62,117875,103],{"class":95},[62,117877,284],{"class":99},[62,117879,103],{"class":95},[62,117881,1409],{"class":99},[62,117883,103],{"class":95},[62,117885,270],{"class":99},[62,117887,114],{"class":95},[14,117889,13929],{},[29,117891,117892,117897],{},[32,117893,117894,117896],{},[18,117895,117828],{}," is a new sorted list",[32,117898,117899,112433],{},[18,117900,348],{},[14,117902,117903,117904,409],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[262,117905,78324],{"href":78323},[48,117907,117909],{"id":117908},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117911,117912,117914],{},[18,117913,74371],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1256,117916,117917],{"id":8276},"List",[53,117919,117921],{"className":55,"code":117920,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,117922,117923,117943],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117926,225],{"class":68},[62,117928,73],{"class":72},[62,117930,96],{"class":95},[62,117932,2273],{"class":99},[62,117934,103],{"class":95},[62,117936,270],{"class":99},[62,117938,103],{"class":95},[62,117940,284],{"class":99},[62,117942,114],{"class":95},[62,117944,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,117946,128],{"class":127},[62,117948,131],{"class":95},[62,117950,74461],{"class":127},[62,117952,131],{"class":95},[62,117954,348],{"class":139},[62,117956,1013],{"class":95},[14,117958,2282],{},[53,117960,117961],{"className":55,"code":55094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,117962,117963],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117964,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117966,948],{"class":95},[62,117968,499],{"class":99},[62,117970,103],{"class":95},[62,117972,284],{"class":99},[62,117974,103],{"class":95},[62,117976,508],{"class":99},[62,117978,114],{"class":95},[1256,117980,117981],{"id":49103},"Tuple",[53,117983,117985],{"className":55,"code":117984,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,117986,117987,118007,118021],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,117988,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,117990,292],{"class":68},[62,117992,73],{"class":72},[62,117994,854],{"class":95},[62,117996,2273],{"class":99},[62,117998,103],{"class":95},[62,118000,270],{"class":99},[62,118002,103],{"class":95},[62,118004,284],{"class":99},[62,118006,434],{"class":95},[62,118008,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118010,128],{"class":127},[62,118012,131],{"class":95},[62,118014,74461],{"class":127},[62,118016,131],{"class":95},[62,118018,386],{"class":139},[62,118020,1013],{"class":95},[62,118022,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,118024,128],{"class":127},[62,118026,131],{"class":95},[62,118028,1690],{"class":430},[62,118030,131],{"class":95},[62,118032,74461],{"class":127},[62,118034,131],{"class":95},[62,118036,386],{"class":139},[62,118038,3115],{"class":95},[14,118040,2282],{},[53,118042,118044],{"className":55,"code":118043,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,118045,118046,118062],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118047,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118049,948],{"class":95},[62,118051,499],{"class":99},[62,118053,103],{"class":95},[62,118055,284],{"class":99},[62,118057,103],{"class":95},[62,118059,508],{"class":99},[62,118061,114],{"class":95},[62,118063,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118065,3492],{"class":72},[62,118067,3495],{"class":2276},[62,118069,3498],{"class":76},[62,118071,8276],{"class":80},[62,118073,3503],{"class":76},[62,118075,3506],{"class":72},[1256,118077,118078],{"id":6482},"Set",[53,118080,118082],{"className":55,"code":118081,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118083,118084,118104],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118085,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118087,292],{"class":68},[62,118089,73],{"class":72},[62,118091,256],{"class":95},[62,118093,2273],{"class":99},[62,118095,103],{"class":95},[62,118097,270],{"class":99},[62,118099,103],{"class":95},[62,118101,284],{"class":99},[62,118103,287],{"class":95},[62,118105,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118107,128],{"class":127},[62,118109,131],{"class":95},[62,118111,74461],{"class":127},[62,118113,131],{"class":95},[62,118115,386],{"class":139},[62,118117,1013],{"class":95},[14,118119,2282],{},[53,118121,118122],{"className":55,"code":55094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,118123,118124],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118125,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118127,948],{"class":95},[62,118129,499],{"class":99},[62,118131,103],{"class":95},[62,118133,284],{"class":99},[62,118135,103],{"class":95},[62,118137,508],{"class":99},[62,118139,114],{"class":95},[1256,118141,118142],{"id":61120},"String",[53,118144,118146],{"className":55,"code":118145,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,118147,118148,118160],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118149,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118151,69],{"class":68},[62,118153,73],{"class":72},[62,118155,77],{"class":76},[62,118157,57],{"class":80},[62,118159,84],{"class":76},[62,118161,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118163,128],{"class":127},[62,118165,131],{"class":95},[62,118167,74461],{"class":127},[62,118169,131],{"class":95},[62,118171,140],{"class":139},[62,118173,1013],{"class":95},[14,118175,2282],{},[53,118177,118178],{"className":55,"code":79341,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,118179,118180],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118181,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118183,948],{"class":95},[62,118185,3503],{"class":76},[62,118187,60384],{"class":80},[62,118189,3503],{"class":76},[62,118191,103],{"class":95},[62,118193,3498],{"class":76},[62,118195,75977],{"class":80},[62,118197,3503],{"class":76},[62,118199,103],{"class":95},[62,118201,3498],{"class":76},[62,118203,60419],{"class":80},[62,118205,3503],{"class":76},[62,118207,103],{"class":95},[62,118209,3498],{"class":76},[62,118211,14],{"class":80},[62,118213,3503],{"class":76},[62,118215,103],{"class":95},[62,118217,3498],{"class":76},[62,118219,63233],{"class":80},[62,118221,3503],{"class":76},[62,118223,103],{"class":95},[62,118225,3498],{"class":76},[62,118227,11916],{"class":80},[62,118229,3503],{"class":76},[62,118231,114],{"class":95},[1256,118233,29384],{"id":15771},[14,118235,63486,118236,118238],{},[18,118237,74371],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[53,118240,118242],{"className":55,"code":118241,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118243,118244,118296],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118245,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118247,1879],{"class":68},[62,118249,73],{"class":72},[62,118251,256],{"class":95},[62,118253,259],{"class":76},[62,118255,329],{"class":80},[62,118257,259],{"class":76},[62,118259,267],{"class":95},[62,118261,77],{"class":76},[62,118263,1896],{"class":80},[62,118265,259],{"class":76},[62,118267,103],{"class":95},[62,118269,77],{"class":76},[62,118271,1073],{"class":80},[62,118273,259],{"class":76},[62,118275,267],{"class":95},[62,118277,106],{"class":99},[62,118279,103],{"class":95},[62,118281,77],{"class":76},[62,118283,10581],{"class":80},[62,118285,259],{"class":76},[62,118287,267],{"class":95},[62,118289,77],{"class":76},[62,118291,16198],{"class":80},[62,118293,259],{"class":76},[62,118295,287],{"class":95},[62,118297,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118299,128],{"class":127},[62,118301,131],{"class":95},[62,118303,74461],{"class":127},[62,118305,131],{"class":95},[62,118307,1925],{"class":139},[62,118309,1013],{"class":95},[14,118311,2282],{},[53,118313,118315],{"className":55,"code":118314,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118316,118317],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118318,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118320,948],{"class":95},[62,118322,3503],{"class":76},[62,118324,1073],{"class":80},[62,118326,3503],{"class":76},[62,118328,103],{"class":95},[62,118330,3498],{"class":76},[62,118332,10581],{"class":80},[62,118334,3503],{"class":76},[62,118336,103],{"class":95},[62,118338,3498],{"class":76},[62,118340,329],{"class":80},[62,118342,3503],{"class":76},[62,118344,114],{"class":95},[48,118346,1834,118348],{"id":118347},"using-reversetrue",[18,118349,78038],{},[14,118351,169,118352,118354],{},[18,118353,78038],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[53,118356,118358],{"className":55,"code":118357,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118359,118360,118380,118384,118398],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118361,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118363,225],{"class":68},[62,118365,73],{"class":72},[62,118367,96],{"class":95},[62,118369,2273],{"class":99},[62,118371,103],{"class":95},[62,118373,270],{"class":99},[62,118375,103],{"class":95},[62,118377,284],{"class":99},[62,118379,114],{"class":95},[62,118381,118382],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118383,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,118385,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,118387,128],{"class":127},[62,118389,131],{"class":95},[62,118391,74461],{"class":127},[62,118393,131],{"class":95},[62,118395,348],{"class":139},[62,118397,1013],{"class":95},[62,118399,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,118401,128],{"class":127},[62,118403,131],{"class":95},[62,118405,74461],{"class":127},[62,118407,131],{"class":95},[62,118409,348],{"class":139},[62,118411,103],{"class":95},[62,118413,78017],{"class":9351},[62,118415,73],{"class":72},[62,118417,3808],{"class":1618},[62,118419,1013],{"class":95},[14,118421,2282],{},[53,118423,118425],{"className":55,"code":118424,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118426,118427,118443],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118428,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118430,948],{"class":95},[62,118432,499],{"class":99},[62,118434,103],{"class":95},[62,118436,284],{"class":99},[62,118438,103],{"class":95},[62,118440,508],{"class":99},[62,118442,114],{"class":95},[62,118444,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118446,948],{"class":95},[62,118448,2273],{"class":99},[62,118450,103],{"class":95},[62,118452,284],{"class":99},[62,118454,103],{"class":95},[62,118456,270],{"class":99},[62,118458,114],{"class":95},[14,118460,118461],{},"This also works with strings:",[53,118463,118465],{"className":55,"code":118464,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118466,118467,118499,118503,118517],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118468,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118470,4270],{"class":68},[62,118472,73],{"class":72},[62,118474,96],{"class":95},[62,118476,259],{"class":76},[62,118478,901],{"class":80},[62,118480,259],{"class":76},[62,118482,103],{"class":95},[62,118484,77],{"class":76},[62,118486,910],{"class":80},[62,118488,259],{"class":76},[62,118490,103],{"class":95},[62,118492,77],{"class":76},[62,118494,4295],{"class":80},[62,118496,259],{"class":76},[62,118498,114],{"class":95},[62,118500,118501],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118502,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,118504,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,118506,128],{"class":127},[62,118508,131],{"class":95},[62,118510,74461],{"class":127},[62,118512,131],{"class":95},[62,118514,4312],{"class":139},[62,118516,1013],{"class":95},[62,118518,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,118520,128],{"class":127},[62,118522,131],{"class":95},[62,118524,74461],{"class":127},[62,118526,131],{"class":95},[62,118528,4312],{"class":139},[62,118530,103],{"class":95},[62,118532,78017],{"class":9351},[62,118534,73],{"class":72},[62,118536,3808],{"class":1618},[62,118538,1013],{"class":95},[14,118540,2282],{},[53,118542,118543],{"className":55,"code":74105,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,118544,118545,118573],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118546,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118548,948],{"class":95},[62,118550,3503],{"class":76},[62,118552,901],{"class":80},[62,118554,3503],{"class":76},[62,118556,103],{"class":95},[62,118558,3498],{"class":76},[62,118560,910],{"class":80},[62,118562,3503],{"class":76},[62,118564,103],{"class":95},[62,118566,3498],{"class":76},[62,118568,4295],{"class":80},[62,118570,3503],{"class":76},[62,118572,114],{"class":95},[62,118574,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118576,948],{"class":95},[62,118578,3503],{"class":76},[62,118580,4295],{"class":80},[62,118582,3503],{"class":76},[62,118584,103],{"class":95},[62,118586,3498],{"class":76},[62,118588,910],{"class":80},[62,118590,3503],{"class":76},[62,118592,103],{"class":95},[62,118594,3498],{"class":76},[62,118596,901],{"class":80},[62,118598,3503],{"class":76},[62,118600,114],{"class":95},[48,118602,1834,118604,118607],{"id":118603},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118605,118606],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118609,2191,118610,118612],{},[18,118611,118606],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118614,118615],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118617,118618],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[53,118620,118622],{"className":55,"code":118621,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118623,118624,118664,118668,118690],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118625,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118627,4270],{"class":68},[62,118629,73],{"class":72},[62,118631,96],{"class":95},[62,118633,259],{"class":76},[62,118635,78691],{"class":80},[62,118637,259],{"class":76},[62,118639,103],{"class":95},[62,118641,77],{"class":76},[62,118643,38514],{"class":80},[62,118645,259],{"class":76},[62,118647,103],{"class":95},[62,118649,77],{"class":76},[62,118651,910],{"class":80},[62,118653,259],{"class":76},[62,118655,103],{"class":95},[62,118657,77],{"class":76},[62,118659,38497],{"class":80},[62,118661,259],{"class":76},[62,118663,114],{"class":95},[62,118665,118666],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118667,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,118669,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,118671,2435],{"class":68},[62,118673,73],{"class":72},[62,118675,74505],{"class":127},[62,118677,131],{"class":95},[62,118679,4312],{"class":139},[62,118681,103],{"class":95},[62,118683,21742],{"class":9351},[62,118685,73],{"class":72},[62,118687,134],{"class":127},[62,118689,434],{"class":95},[62,118691,118692,118694,118696,118698],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,118693,128],{"class":127},[62,118695,131],{"class":95},[62,118697,2470],{"class":139},[62,118699,434],{"class":95},[14,118701,2282],{},[53,118703,118705],{"className":55,"code":118704,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118706,118707],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118708,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118710,948],{"class":95},[62,118712,3503],{"class":76},[62,118714,38514],{"class":80},[62,118716,3503],{"class":76},[62,118718,103],{"class":95},[62,118720,3498],{"class":76},[62,118722,78691],{"class":80},[62,118724,3503],{"class":76},[62,118726,103],{"class":95},[62,118728,3498],{"class":76},[62,118730,38497],{"class":80},[62,118732,3503],{"class":76},[62,118734,103],{"class":95},[62,118736,3498],{"class":76},[62,118738,910],{"class":80},[62,118740,3503],{"class":76},[62,118742,114],{"class":95},[14,118744,20933,118745,118747],{},[18,118746,134],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118749,118750],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[53,118752,118754],{"className":55,"code":118753,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118755,118756,118789,118793,118819],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118757,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118785,118787],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118759,4270],{"class":68},[62,118761,73],{"class":72},[62,118763,96],{"class":95},[62,118765,259],{"class":76},[62,118767,83310],{"class":80},[62,118769,259],{"class":76},[62,118771,103],{"class":95},[62,118773,77],{"class":76},[62,118775,901],{"class":80},[62,118777,259],{"class":76},[62,118779,103],{"class":95},[62,118781,77],{"class":76},[62,118783,118784],{"class":80},"Cherry",[62,118786,259],{"class":76},[62,118788,114],{"class":95},[62,118790,118791],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118792,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,118794,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,118796,2435],{"class":68},[62,118798,73],{"class":72},[62,118800,74505],{"class":127},[62,118802,131],{"class":95},[62,118804,4312],{"class":139},[62,118806,103],{"class":95},[62,118808,21742],{"class":9351},[62,118810,73],{"class":72},[62,118812,3646],{"class":430},[62,118814,409],{"class":95},[62,118816,8819],{"class":24910},[62,118818,434],{"class":95},[62,118820,118821,118823,118825,118827],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,118822,128],{"class":127},[62,118824,131],{"class":95},[62,118826,2470],{"class":139},[62,118828,434],{"class":95},[14,118830,2282],{},[53,118832,118834],{"className":55,"code":118833,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118835,118836],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118837,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118839,948],{"class":95},[62,118841,3503],{"class":76},[62,118843,901],{"class":80},[62,118845,3503],{"class":76},[62,118847,103],{"class":95},[62,118849,3498],{"class":76},[62,118851,83310],{"class":80},[62,118853,3503],{"class":76},[62,118855,103],{"class":95},[62,118857,3498],{"class":76},[62,118859,118784],{"class":80},[62,118861,3503],{"class":76},[62,118863,114],{"class":95},[14,118865,118866,118867,35492,118869,409],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118868,20],{},[262,118870,3779,118871,3712],{"href":42510},[18,118872,20],{},[48,118874,118876,10756,118878],{"id":118875},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,118877,74371],{},[18,118879,77814],{},[14,118881,118882],{},"The main difference is this:",[29,118884,118885,118890],{},[32,118886,118887,118889],{},[18,118888,74371],{}," returns a new list",[32,118891,118892,73909],{},[18,118893,77814],{},[14,118895,118896],{},"Also:",[29,118898,118899,118904],{},[32,118900,118901,118903],{},[18,118902,74371],{}," works with many iterables",[32,118905,118906,79247],{},[18,118907,77814],{},[14,118909,169,118910,10772],{},[18,118911,74371],{},[29,118913,118914,118917],{},[32,118915,118916],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[32,118918,118919],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118921,118922,118923,409],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[262,118924,3779,118925,10756,118927,5979],{"href":79072},[18,118926,74371],{},[18,118928,77814],{},[48,118930,118932],{"id":118931},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118934,118935,118936,409],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,118937,74371],{},[1256,118939,118941],{"id":118940},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118943,118944,118945,267],{},"This can raise a ",[18,118946,1535],{},[53,118948,118950],{"className":55,"code":118949,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118951,118952,118976],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,118953,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,118955,292],{"class":68},[62,118957,73],{"class":72},[62,118959,96],{"class":95},[62,118961,499],{"class":99},[62,118963,103],{"class":95},[62,118965,77],{"class":76},[62,118967,1935],{"class":80},[62,118969,259],{"class":76},[62,118971,103],{"class":95},[62,118973,508],{"class":99},[62,118975,114],{"class":95},[62,118977,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,118979,128],{"class":127},[62,118981,131],{"class":95},[62,118983,74461],{"class":127},[62,118985,131],{"class":95},[62,118987,386],{"class":139},[62,118989,1013],{"class":95},[14,118991,118992],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1256,118994,118996,118997,2508],{"id":118995},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,118998,15008],{},[14,119000,119001],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119003,201],{},[53,119005,119007],{"className":55,"code":119006,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,119008,119009,119029],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119010,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119012,225],{"class":68},[62,119014,73],{"class":72},[62,119016,96],{"class":95},[62,119018,100],{"class":99},[62,119020,103],{"class":95},[62,119022,284],{"class":99},[62,119024,103],{"class":95},[62,119026,111],{"class":99},[62,119028,114],{"class":95},[62,119030,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047,119049],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,119032,128],{"class":127},[62,119034,131],{"class":95},[62,119036,74461],{"class":127},[62,119038,131],{"class":95},[62,119040,348],{"class":139},[62,119042,103],{"class":95},[62,119044,21742],{"class":9351},[62,119046,73],{"class":72},[62,119048,134],{"class":127},[62,119050,1013],{"class":95},[14,119052,48663,119053,119055],{},[18,119054,20],{}," does not work on integers.",[1256,119057,119059],{"id":119058},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119061,119062],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[53,119064,119066],{"className":55,"code":119065,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119067,119068,119088,119098,119102],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119069,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119071,225],{"class":68},[62,119073,73],{"class":72},[62,119075,96],{"class":95},[62,119077,2273],{"class":99},[62,119079,103],{"class":95},[62,119081,270],{"class":99},[62,119083,103],{"class":95},[62,119085,284],{"class":99},[62,119087,114],{"class":95},[62,119089,119090,119092,119094,119096],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,119091,74461],{"class":127},[62,119093,131],{"class":95},[62,119095,348],{"class":139},[62,119097,434],{"class":95},[62,119099,119100],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,119101,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,119103,119104,119106,119108,119110],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,119105,128],{"class":127},[62,119107,131],{"class":95},[62,119109,348],{"class":139},[62,119111,434],{"class":95},[14,119113,2282],{},[53,119115,119117],{"className":55,"code":119116,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,119118,119119],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119120,119121,119123,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119122,948],{"class":95},[62,119124,2273],{"class":99},[62,119126,103],{"class":95},[62,119128,270],{"class":99},[62,119130,103],{"class":95},[62,119132,284],{"class":99},[62,119134,114],{"class":95},[14,119136,119137],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[48,119139,1824],{"id":1823},[29,119141,119142,119146,119149,119154,119158],{},[32,119143,1859,119144,73909],{},[18,119145,74371],{},[32,119147,119148],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[32,119150,4904,119151,119153],{},[18,119152,74371],{}," always returns a list",[32,119155,1834,119156,23263],{},[18,119157,118606],{},[32,119159,29811,119160,119162,119163],{},[18,119161,64258],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,119164,74371],{},[14,119166,119167],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[53,119169,119171],{"className":55,"code":119170,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,119172,119173,119195,119221,119259],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119174,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119176,128],{"class":127},[62,119178,131],{"class":95},[62,119180,74461],{"class":127},[62,119182,496],{"class":95},[62,119184,2273],{"class":99},[62,119186,103],{"class":95},[62,119188,270],{"class":99},[62,119190,103],{"class":95},[62,119192,284],{"class":99},[62,119194,3201],{"class":95},[62,119196,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,119198,128],{"class":127},[62,119200,131],{"class":95},[62,119202,1690],{"class":430},[62,119204,131],{"class":95},[62,119206,74461],{"class":127},[62,119208,524],{"class":95},[62,119210,2273],{"class":99},[62,119212,103],{"class":95},[62,119214,270],{"class":99},[62,119216,103],{"class":95},[62,119218,284],{"class":99},[62,119220,93314],{"class":95},[62,119222,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,119224,128],{"class":127},[62,119226,131],{"class":95},[62,119228,74461],{"class":127},[62,119230,496],{"class":95},[62,119232,3503],{"class":76},[62,119234,83310],{"class":80},[62,119236,3503],{"class":76},[62,119238,103],{"class":95},[62,119240,3498],{"class":76},[62,119242,901],{"class":80},[62,119244,3503],{"class":76},[62,119246,18225],{"class":95},[62,119248,21742],{"class":9351},[62,119250,73],{"class":72},[62,119252,3646],{"class":430},[62,119254,409],{"class":95},[62,119256,8819],{"class":24910},[62,119258,1013],{"class":95},[62,119260,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283,119285,119287],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,119262,128],{"class":127},[62,119264,131],{"class":95},[62,119266,74461],{"class":127},[62,119268,496],{"class":95},[62,119270,2273],{"class":99},[62,119272,103],{"class":95},[62,119274,270],{"class":99},[62,119276,103],{"class":95},[62,119278,284],{"class":99},[62,119280,18225],{"class":95},[62,119282,78017],{"class":9351},[62,119284,73],{"class":72},[62,119286,3808],{"class":1618},[62,119288,1013],{"class":95},[14,119290,119291,119292,409],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[262,119293,52715],{"href":402},[48,119295,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,119297,12875,119299,57108],{"id":119298},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119300,74371],{},[14,119302,119303],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1256,119305,5340,119307,12887],{"id":119306},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119308,74371],{},[14,119310,119311],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1256,119313,119315,119316,11264,119318,632],{"id":119314},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119317,74371],{},[18,119319,77814],{},[14,119321,169,119322,119324],{},[18,119323,74371],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1256,119326,5340,119328,86398,119330,632],{"id":119327},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119329,118606],{},[18,119331,74371],{},[14,119333,119334],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1256,119336,5356,119338,119340,119341,632],{"id":119337},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119339,74371],{}," give a ",[18,119342,1535],{},[14,119344,119345],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[48,119347,2109],{"id":2108},[29,119349,119350,119354,119362,119366,119372,119378],{},[32,119351,119352],{},[262,119353,79820],{"href":78323},[32,119355,119356],{},[262,119357,3779,119358,10756,119360,5979],{"href":79072},[18,119359,74371],{},[18,119361,77814],{},[32,119363,119364],{},[262,119365,52715],{"href":402},[32,119367,119368],{},[262,119369,3779,119370,3712],{"href":42510},[18,119371,20],{},[32,119373,119374],{},[262,119375,3779,119376,3712],{"href":91970},[18,119377,35911],{},[32,119379,119380],{},[262,119381,3779,119382,3712],{"href":36356},[18,119383,36359],{},[2145,119385,119386],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":119388},[119389,119390,119392,119395,119396,119403,119405,119407,119409,119415,119416,119428],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":117669,"depth":87,"text":119391},"What sorted() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":119393},[119394],{"id":17559,"depth":117,"text":17560},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":117908,"depth":87,"text":117909,"children":119397},[119398,119399,119400,119401,119402],{"id":8276,"depth":117,"text":117917},{"id":49103,"depth":117,"text":117981},{"id":6482,"depth":117,"text":118078},{"id":61120,"depth":117,"text":118142},{"id":15771,"depth":117,"text":29384},{"id":118347,"depth":87,"text":119404},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118603,"depth":87,"text":119406},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118875,"depth":87,"text":119408},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118931,"depth":87,"text":118932,"children":119410},[119411,119412,119414],{"id":118940,"depth":117,"text":118941},{"id":118995,"depth":117,"text":119413},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119058,"depth":117,"text":119059},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":119417},[119418,119420,119422,119424,119426],{"id":119298,"depth":117,"text":119419},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119306,"depth":117,"text":119421},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119314,"depth":117,"text":119423},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119327,"depth":117,"text":119425},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119337,"depth":117,"text":119427},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117571,"description":119429},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119436,"title":119437,"body":119438,"description":121549,"extension":2174,"meta":121550,"navigation":120,"path":79072,"seo":121551,"stem":121552,"__hash__":121553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119439,"toc":121496},[119440,119447,119450,119460,119466,119469,119487,119495,119497,119556,119564,119568,119590,119594,119598,119600,119617,119619,119631,119637,119721,119725,119772,119778,119785,119789,119794,119796,119808,119813,119866,119870,119890,119897,119904,119908,119911,119930,119934,120048,120052,120122,120124,120136,120141,120145,120158,120162,120237,120241,120280,120287,120293,120298,120302,120316,120320,120385,120389,120422,120425,120430,120438,120445,120458,120461,120465,120548,120552,120589,120593,120696,120700,120761,120766,120773,120777,120780,120786,120789,120856,120860,120884,120886,120904,120911,120964,120968,120988,120994,120996,121053,121060,121086,121091,121096,121104,121110,121170,121174,121221,121224,121226,121229,121255,121258,121351,121353,121373,121377,121380,121398,121404,121406,121414,121419,121426,121429,121435,121438,121444,121452,121460,121465,121467,121493],[10,119441,3779,119443,10756,119445,93028],{"id":119442},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119444,74371],{},[18,119446,77814],{},[14,119448,119449],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[29,119451,119452,119456],{},[32,119453,119454],{},[18,119455,74371],{},[32,119457,119458],{},[18,119459,77814],{},[14,119461,119462,119463,119465],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3946,119464,4830],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119467,119468],{},"The main difference is simple:",[29,119470,119471,119479],{},[32,119472,169,119473,119475,119476],{},[18,119474,74371],{}," when you want a ",[3946,119477,119478],{},"new sorted result",[32,119480,169,119481,119483,119484],{},[18,119482,77814],{}," when you want to ",[3946,119485,119486],{},"change the original list",[14,119488,119489,119490,2602,119492,119494],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119491,77814],{},[18,119493,1548],{}," and causes confusion.",[48,119496,3813],{"id":3812},[53,119498,119500],{"className":55,"code":119499,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119501,119502,119522,119526,119543],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119503,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119505,225],{"class":68},[62,119507,73],{"class":72},[62,119509,96],{"class":95},[62,119511,2273],{"class":99},[62,119513,103],{"class":95},[62,119515,270],{"class":99},[62,119517,103],{"class":95},[62,119519,284],{"class":99},[62,119521,114],{"class":95},[62,119523,119524],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,119525,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,119527,119528,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,119529,55834],{"class":68},[62,119531,73],{"class":72},[62,119533,74505],{"class":127},[62,119535,131],{"class":95},[62,119537,348],{"class":139},[62,119539,741],{"class":95},[62,119541,119542],{"class":146},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[62,119544,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,119546,348],{"class":68},[62,119548,409],{"class":95},[62,119550,34961],{"class":139},[62,119552,7557],{"class":95},[62,119554,119555],{"class":146},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119557,169,119558,119560,119561,119563],{},[18,119559,74371],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119562,77814],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[48,119565,119567],{"id":119566},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[29,119569,119570,119575,119580,119587],{},[32,119571,169,119572,119574],{},[18,119573,74371],{}," to get a new sorted list",[32,119576,169,119577,119579],{},[18,119578,77814],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[32,119581,119582,119583,2602,119585],{},"Understand why ",[18,119584,77814],{},[18,119586,1548],{},[32,119588,119589],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[48,119591,3879,119592,3882],{"id":117669},[18,119593,74371],{},[14,119595,119596,62872],{},[18,119597,74371],{},[14,119599,49077],{},[29,119601,119602,119608,119614],{},[32,119603,119604,119605],{},"returns a ",[3946,119606,119607],{},"new list",[32,119609,119610,119611,119613],{},"does ",[3946,119612,4830],{}," change the original data",[32,119615,119616],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119618,577],{},[29,119620,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629],{},[32,119622,5499],{},[32,119624,5502],{},[32,119626,5508],{},[32,119628,5505],{},[32,119630,36072],{},[1256,119632,35240,119634,119636],{"id":119633},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119635,74371],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[53,119638,119640],{"className":55,"code":119639,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119641,119642,119662,119666,119680,119684,119702],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119643,119644,119646,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658,119660],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119645,225],{"class":68},[62,119647,73],{"class":72},[62,119649,96],{"class":95},[62,119651,2273],{"class":99},[62,119653,103],{"class":95},[62,119655,270],{"class":99},[62,119657,103],{"class":95},[62,119659,284],{"class":99},[62,119661,114],{"class":95},[62,119663,119664],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,119665,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,119667,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,119669,2435],{"class":68},[62,119671,73],{"class":72},[62,119673,74505],{"class":127},[62,119675,131],{"class":95},[62,119677,348],{"class":139},[62,119679,434],{"class":95},[62,119681,119682],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,119683,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,119685,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,119687,128],{"class":127},[62,119689,131],{"class":95},[62,119691,259],{"class":76},[62,119693,12325],{"class":80},[62,119695,259],{"class":76},[62,119697,103],{"class":95},[62,119699,4462],{"class":139},[62,119701,434],{"class":95},[62,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710,119713,119715,119717,119719],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,119705,128],{"class":127},[62,119707,131],{"class":95},[62,119709,259],{"class":76},[62,119711,119712],{"class":80},"sorted result:",[62,119714,259],{"class":76},[62,119716,103],{"class":95},[62,119718,81164],{"class":139},[62,119720,434],{"class":95},[14,119722,119723],{},[3946,119724,2282],{},[53,119726,119728],{"className":55,"code":119727,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119729,119730,119750],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119731,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119733,12304],{"class":68},[62,119735,267],{"class":95},[62,119737,96],{"class":95},[62,119739,2273],{"class":99},[62,119741,103],{"class":95},[62,119743,270],{"class":99},[62,119745,103],{"class":95},[62,119747,284],{"class":99},[62,119749,114],{"class":95},[62,119751,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,119753,74461],{"class":127},[62,119755,81164],{"class":68},[62,119757,267],{"class":95},[62,119759,96],{"class":95},[62,119761,499],{"class":99},[62,119763,103],{"class":95},[62,119765,284],{"class":99},[62,119767,103],{"class":95},[62,119769,508],{"class":99},[62,119771,114],{"class":95},[14,119773,119774,119775,119777],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119776,348],{}," stays the same.",[14,119779,119780,119781,409],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[262,119782,3779,119783,3712],{"href":74468},[18,119784,74371],{},[48,119786,3879,119787,3882],{"id":77880},[18,119788,77814],{},[14,119790,119791,119793],{},[18,119792,64258],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119795,49077],{},[29,119797,119798,119801,119804],{},[32,119799,119800],{},"changes the original list directly",[32,119802,119803],{},"only works on lists",[32,119805,3894,119806],{},[18,119807,1548],{},[1256,119809,35240,119811,73909],{"id":119810},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119812,77814],{},[53,119814,119816],{"className":55,"code":119815,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119817,119818,119838,119842,119852,119856],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119819,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119821,225],{"class":68},[62,119823,73],{"class":72},[62,119825,96],{"class":95},[62,119827,2273],{"class":99},[62,119829,103],{"class":95},[62,119831,270],{"class":99},[62,119833,103],{"class":95},[62,119835,284],{"class":99},[62,119837,114],{"class":95},[62,119839,119840],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,119841,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,119843,119844,119846,119848,119850],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,119845,348],{"class":68},[62,119847,409],{"class":95},[62,119849,34961],{"class":139},[62,119851,8822],{"class":95},[62,119853,119854],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,119855,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,119857,119858,119860,119862,119864],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,119859,128],{"class":127},[62,119861,131],{"class":95},[62,119863,348],{"class":139},[62,119865,434],{"class":95},[14,119867,119868],{},[3946,119869,2282],{},[53,119871,119872],{"className":55,"code":55094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,119873,119874],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119875,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119877,948],{"class":95},[62,119879,499],{"class":99},[62,119881,103],{"class":95},[62,119883,284],{"class":99},[62,119885,103],{"class":95},[62,119887,508],{"class":99},[62,119889,114],{"class":95},[14,119891,119892,119893,119896],{},"After calling ",[18,119894,119895],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119898,119899,119900,409],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[262,119901,3779,119902,10912],{"href":74722},[18,119903,77814],{},[48,119905,119907],{"id":119906},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119909,119910],{},"Here is the core difference:",[29,119912,119913,119922],{},[32,119914,119915,119918,119919],{},[18,119916,119917],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3946,119920,119921],{},"new sorted list",[32,119923,119924,119927,119928,74279],{},[18,119925,119926],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,119929,2069],{},[1256,119931,119933],{"id":119932},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[53,119935,119937],{"className":55,"code":119936,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,119938,119939,119959,119963,119977,119996,120015,120019,120029],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,119940,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,119942,225],{"class":68},[62,119944,73],{"class":72},[62,119946,96],{"class":95},[62,119948,299],{"class":99},[62,119950,103],{"class":95},[62,119952,284],{"class":99},[62,119954,103],{"class":95},[62,119956,2661],{"class":99},[62,119958,114],{"class":95},[62,119960,119961],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,119962,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,119964,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973,119975],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,119966,2758],{"class":68},[62,119968,73],{"class":72},[62,119970,74505],{"class":127},[62,119972,131],{"class":95},[62,119974,348],{"class":139},[62,119976,434],{"class":95},[62,119978,119979,119981,119983,119985,119988,119990,119992,119994],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,119980,128],{"class":127},[62,119982,131],{"class":95},[62,119984,259],{"class":76},[62,119986,119987],{"class":80},"numbers after sorted():",[62,119989,259],{"class":76},[62,119991,103],{"class":95},[62,119993,4462],{"class":139},[62,119995,434],{"class":95},[62,119997,119998,120000,120002,120004,120007,120009,120011,120013],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,119999,128],{"class":127},[62,120001,131],{"class":95},[62,120003,259],{"class":76},[62,120005,120006],{"class":80},"a:",[62,120008,259],{"class":76},[62,120010,103],{"class":95},[62,120012,56832],{"class":139},[62,120014,434],{"class":95},[62,120016,120017],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,120018,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120020,120021,120023,120025,120027],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,120022,348],{"class":68},[62,120024,409],{"class":95},[62,120026,34961],{"class":139},[62,120028,8822],{"class":95},[62,120030,120031,120033,120035,120037,120040,120042,120044,120046],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,120032,128],{"class":127},[62,120034,131],{"class":95},[62,120036,259],{"class":76},[62,120038,120039],{"class":80},"numbers after sort():",[62,120041,259],{"class":76},[62,120043,103],{"class":95},[62,120045,4462],{"class":139},[62,120047,434],{"class":95},[14,120049,120050],{},[3946,120051,2282],{},[53,120053,120055],{"className":55,"code":120054,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,120056,120057,120080,120100],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120058,120059,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120060,120061],{"class":68},"numbers after ",[62,120063,74461],{"class":127},[62,120065,29745],{"class":95},[62,120067,96],{"class":95},[62,120069,299],{"class":99},[62,120071,103],{"class":95},[62,120073,284],{"class":99},[62,120075,103],{"class":95},[62,120077,2661],{"class":99},[62,120079,114],{"class":95},[62,120081,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120083,262],{"class":68},[62,120085,267],{"class":95},[62,120087,96],{"class":95},[62,120089,1935],{"class":99},[62,120091,103],{"class":95},[62,120093,2661],{"class":99},[62,120095,103],{"class":95},[62,120097,4804],{"class":99},[62,120099,114],{"class":95},[62,120101,120102,120104,120106,120108,120110,120112,120114,120116,120118,120120],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,120103,120061],{"class":68},[62,120105,34961],{"class":139},[62,120107,29745],{"class":95},[62,120109,96],{"class":95},[62,120111,1935],{"class":99},[62,120113,103],{"class":95},[62,120115,2661],{"class":99},[62,120117,103],{"class":95},[62,120119,4804],{"class":99},[62,120121,114],{"class":95},[14,120123,10884],{},[29,120125,120126,120131],{},[32,120127,120128,120130],{},[18,120129,74371],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[32,120132,120133,120135],{},[18,120134,64258],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[48,120137,5160,120139],{"id":120138},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,120140,74371],{},[14,120142,169,120143,10772],{},[18,120144,74371],{},[29,120146,120147,120150,120152,120155],{},[32,120148,120149],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[32,120151,118919],{},[32,120153,120154],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[32,120156,120157],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1256,120159,120161],{"id":120160},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[53,120163,120165],{"className":55,"code":120164,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120166,120167,120191,120195,120209,120213,120223],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120168,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120170,225],{"class":68},[62,120172,73],{"class":72},[62,120174,854],{"class":95},[62,120176,2708],{"class":99},[62,120178,103],{"class":95},[62,120180,270],{"class":99},[62,120182,103],{"class":95},[62,120184,508],{"class":99},[62,120186,103],{"class":95},[62,120188,284],{"class":99},[62,120190,434],{"class":95},[62,120192,120193],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120194,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120196,120197,120199,120201,120203,120205,120207],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,120198,2435],{"class":68},[62,120200,73],{"class":72},[62,120202,74505],{"class":127},[62,120204,131],{"class":95},[62,120206,348],{"class":139},[62,120208,434],{"class":95},[62,120210,120211],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,120212,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120214,120215,120217,120219,120221],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,120216,128],{"class":127},[62,120218,131],{"class":95},[62,120220,2470],{"class":139},[62,120222,434],{"class":95},[62,120224,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,120226,128],{"class":127},[62,120228,131],{"class":95},[62,120230,1690],{"class":430},[62,120232,131],{"class":95},[62,120234,2470],{"class":139},[62,120236,1013],{"class":95},[14,120238,120239],{},[3946,120240,2282],{},[53,120242,120244],{"className":55,"code":120243,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120245,120246,120266],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120247,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120249,948],{"class":95},[62,120251,499],{"class":99},[62,120253,103],{"class":95},[62,120255,284],{"class":99},[62,120257,103],{"class":95},[62,120259,508],{"class":99},[62,120261,103],{"class":95},[62,120263,2661],{"class":99},[62,120265,114],{"class":95},[62,120267,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120269,3492],{"class":72},[62,120271,3495],{"class":2276},[62,120273,3498],{"class":76},[62,120275,8276],{"class":80},[62,120277,3503],{"class":76},[62,120279,3506],{"class":72},[14,120281,2492,120282,120284,120285,409],{},[18,120283,74371],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3946,120286,8276],{},[14,120288,120289,120290,120292],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[262,120291,52715],{"href":402}," is a helpful next step.",[48,120294,5160,120296],{"id":120295},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120297,77814],{},[14,120299,169,120300,10772],{},[18,120301,77814],{},[29,120303,120304,120307,120310,120313],{},[32,120305,120306],{},"you already have a list",[32,120308,120309],{},"you want to update that list directly",[32,120311,120312],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[32,120314,120315],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1256,120317,120319],{"id":120318},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[53,120321,120323],{"className":55,"code":120322,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120324,120325,120357,120361,120371,120375],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120326,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351,120353,120355],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120328,5194],{"class":68},[62,120330,73],{"class":72},[62,120332,96],{"class":95},[62,120334,259],{"class":76},[62,120336,5220],{"class":80},[62,120338,259],{"class":76},[62,120340,103],{"class":95},[62,120342,77],{"class":76},[62,120344,718],{"class":80},[62,120346,259],{"class":76},[62,120348,103],{"class":95},[62,120350,77],{"class":76},[62,120352,5211],{"class":80},[62,120354,259],{"class":76},[62,120356,114],{"class":95},[62,120358,120359],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120360,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120362,120363,120365,120367,120369],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,120364,5237],{"class":68},[62,120366,409],{"class":95},[62,120368,34961],{"class":139},[62,120370,8822],{"class":95},[62,120372,120373],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,120374,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120376,120377,120379,120381,120383],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,120378,128],{"class":127},[62,120380,131],{"class":95},[62,120382,5237],{"class":139},[62,120384,434],{"class":95},[14,120386,120387],{},[3946,120388,2282],{},[53,120390,120392],{"className":55,"code":120391,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120393,120394],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120395,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120397,948],{"class":95},[62,120399,3503],{"class":76},[62,120401,718],{"class":80},[62,120403,3503],{"class":76},[62,120405,103],{"class":95},[62,120407,3498],{"class":76},[62,120409,5211],{"class":80},[62,120411,3503],{"class":76},[62,120413,103],{"class":95},[62,120415,3498],{"class":76},[62,120417,5220],{"class":80},[62,120419,3503],{"class":76},[62,120421,114],{"class":95},[14,120423,120424],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120426,120427,120428,409],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[262,120429,79820],{"href":78323},[48,120431,120433,1940,120435,120437],{"id":120432},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120434,73524],{},[18,120436,15008],{}," work with both",[14,120439,10761,120440,1940,120442,120444],{},[18,120441,74371],{},[18,120443,77814],{}," support:",[29,120446,120447,120452],{},[32,120448,120449,120451],{},[18,120450,78038],{}," for descending order",[32,120453,120454,120457],{},[18,120455,120456],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120459,120460],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1256,120462,120464],{"id":120463},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[53,120466,120468],{"className":55,"code":120467,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120469,120470,120490,120494,120516,120520,120538],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120471,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120473,225],{"class":68},[62,120475,73],{"class":72},[62,120477,96],{"class":95},[62,120479,2273],{"class":99},[62,120481,103],{"class":95},[62,120483,270],{"class":99},[62,120485,103],{"class":95},[62,120487,284],{"class":99},[62,120489,114],{"class":95},[62,120491,120492],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120493,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120495,120496,120498,120500,120502,120504,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,120497,128],{"class":127},[62,120499,131],{"class":95},[62,120501,74461],{"class":127},[62,120503,131],{"class":95},[62,120505,348],{"class":139},[62,120507,103],{"class":95},[62,120509,78017],{"class":9351},[62,120511,73],{"class":72},[62,120513,3808],{"class":1618},[62,120515,1013],{"class":95},[62,120517,120518],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,120519,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120521,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,120523,348],{"class":68},[62,120525,409],{"class":95},[62,120527,34961],{"class":139},[62,120529,131],{"class":95},[62,120531,73524],{"class":9351},[62,120533,73],{"class":72},[62,120535,3808],{"class":1618},[62,120537,434],{"class":95},[62,120539,120540,120542,120544,120546],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,120541,128],{"class":127},[62,120543,131],{"class":95},[62,120545,348],{"class":139},[62,120547,434],{"class":95},[14,120549,120550],{},[3946,120551,2282],{},[53,120553,120555],{"className":55,"code":120554,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120556,120557,120573],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120558,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120560,948],{"class":95},[62,120562,2273],{"class":99},[62,120564,103],{"class":95},[62,120566,284],{"class":99},[62,120568,103],{"class":95},[62,120570,270],{"class":99},[62,120572,114],{"class":95},[62,120574,120575,120577,120579,120581,120583,120585,120587],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120576,948],{"class":95},[62,120578,2273],{"class":99},[62,120580,103],{"class":95},[62,120582,284],{"class":99},[62,120584,103],{"class":95},[62,120586,270],{"class":99},[62,120588,114],{"class":95},[1256,120590,120592],{"id":120591},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[53,120594,120596],{"className":55,"code":120595,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120597,120598,120630,120634,120660,120664,120686],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120599,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120601,4270],{"class":68},[62,120603,73],{"class":72},[62,120605,96],{"class":95},[62,120607,259],{"class":76},[62,120609,83310],{"class":80},[62,120611,259],{"class":76},[62,120613,103],{"class":95},[62,120615,77],{"class":76},[62,120617,901],{"class":80},[62,120619,259],{"class":76},[62,120621,103],{"class":95},[62,120623,77],{"class":76},[62,120625,118784],{"class":80},[62,120627,259],{"class":76},[62,120629,114],{"class":95},[62,120631,120632],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120633,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120635,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,120637,128],{"class":127},[62,120639,131],{"class":95},[62,120641,74461],{"class":127},[62,120643,131],{"class":95},[62,120645,4312],{"class":139},[62,120647,103],{"class":95},[62,120649,21742],{"class":9351},[62,120651,73],{"class":72},[62,120653,3646],{"class":430},[62,120655,409],{"class":95},[62,120657,8819],{"class":24910},[62,120659,1013],{"class":95},[62,120661,120662],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,120663,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120665,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,120667,4312],{"class":68},[62,120669,409],{"class":95},[62,120671,34961],{"class":139},[62,120673,131],{"class":95},[62,120675,15008],{"class":9351},[62,120677,73],{"class":72},[62,120679,3646],{"class":430},[62,120681,409],{"class":95},[62,120683,8819],{"class":24910},[62,120685,434],{"class":95},[62,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,120689,128],{"class":127},[62,120691,131],{"class":95},[62,120693,4312],{"class":139},[62,120695,434],{"class":95},[14,120697,120698],{},[3946,120699,2282],{},[53,120701,120703],{"className":55,"code":120702,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120704,120705,120733],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120706,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729,120731],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120708,948],{"class":95},[62,120710,3503],{"class":76},[62,120712,901],{"class":80},[62,120714,3503],{"class":76},[62,120716,103],{"class":95},[62,120718,3498],{"class":76},[62,120720,83310],{"class":80},[62,120722,3503],{"class":76},[62,120724,103],{"class":95},[62,120726,3498],{"class":76},[62,120728,118784],{"class":80},[62,120730,3503],{"class":76},[62,120732,114],{"class":95},[62,120734,120735,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753,120755,120757,120759],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120736,948],{"class":95},[62,120738,3503],{"class":76},[62,120740,901],{"class":80},[62,120742,3503],{"class":76},[62,120744,103],{"class":95},[62,120746,3498],{"class":76},[62,120748,83310],{"class":80},[62,120750,3503],{"class":76},[62,120752,103],{"class":95},[62,120754,3498],{"class":76},[62,120756,118784],{"class":80},[62,120758,3503],{"class":76},[62,120760,114],{"class":95},[14,120762,1834,120763,120765],{},[18,120764,78532],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120767,120768,120769,409],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[262,120770,120772],{"href":120771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[48,120774,120776],{"id":120775},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120778,120779],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1256,120781,120783,120784,12768],{"id":120782},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120785,77814],{},[14,120787,120788],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[53,120790,120792],{"className":55,"code":120791,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120793,120794,120814,120818,120832,120836,120846],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120795,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120797,225],{"class":68},[62,120799,73],{"class":72},[62,120801,96],{"class":95},[62,120803,2273],{"class":99},[62,120805,103],{"class":95},[62,120807,270],{"class":99},[62,120809,103],{"class":95},[62,120811,284],{"class":99},[62,120813,114],{"class":95},[62,120815,120816],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120817,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120819,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,120821,2435],{"class":68},[62,120823,73],{"class":72},[62,120825,4462],{"class":68},[62,120827,409],{"class":95},[62,120829,34961],{"class":139},[62,120831,8822],{"class":95},[62,120833,120834],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,120835,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120837,120838,120840,120842,120844],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,120839,128],{"class":127},[62,120841,131],{"class":95},[62,120843,2470],{"class":139},[62,120845,434],{"class":95},[62,120847,120848,120850,120852,120854],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,120849,128],{"class":127},[62,120851,131],{"class":95},[62,120853,348],{"class":139},[62,120855,434],{"class":95},[14,120857,120858],{},[3946,120859,2282],{},[53,120861,120862],{"className":55,"code":79155,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,120863,120864,120868],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120865,120866],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120867,11979],{"class":1618},[62,120869,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120871,948],{"class":95},[62,120873,499],{"class":99},[62,120875,103],{"class":95},[62,120877,284],{"class":99},[62,120879,103],{"class":95},[62,120881,508],{"class":99},[62,120883,114],{"class":95},[14,120885,12071],{},[29,120887,120888,120893,120898],{},[32,120889,120890,120892],{},[18,120891,119895],{}," sorts the list in place",[32,120894,35177,120895,120897],{},[3946,120896,4830],{}," return the sorted list",[32,120899,89934,120900,42307,120902],{},[18,120901,2470],{},[18,120903,1548],{},[1256,120905,120907,120908,120910],{"id":120906},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,120909,74371],{}," to change the original list",[53,120912,120914],{"className":55,"code":120913,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120915,120916,120936,120940,120950,120954],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120917,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926,120928,120930,120932,120934],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120919,225],{"class":68},[62,120921,73],{"class":72},[62,120923,96],{"class":95},[62,120925,2273],{"class":99},[62,120927,103],{"class":95},[62,120929,270],{"class":99},[62,120931,103],{"class":95},[62,120933,284],{"class":99},[62,120935,114],{"class":95},[62,120937,120938],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,120939,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120941,120942,120944,120946,120948],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,120943,74461],{"class":127},[62,120945,131],{"class":95},[62,120947,348],{"class":139},[62,120949,434],{"class":95},[62,120951,120952],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,120953,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,120955,120956,120958,120960,120962],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,120957,128],{"class":127},[62,120959,131],{"class":95},[62,120961,348],{"class":139},[62,120963,434],{"class":95},[14,120965,120966],{},[3946,120967,2282],{},[53,120969,120970],{"className":55,"code":119116,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,120971,120972],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,120973,120974,120976,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,120975,948],{"class":95},[62,120977,2273],{"class":99},[62,120979,103],{"class":95},[62,120981,270],{"class":99},[62,120983,103],{"class":95},[62,120985,284],{"class":99},[62,120987,114],{"class":95},[14,120989,120990,120993],{},[18,120991,120992],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120995,10979],{},[53,120997,120999],{"className":55,"code":120998,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,121000,121001,121021,121025,121039,121043],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121002,121003,121005,121007,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121004,225],{"class":68},[62,121006,73],{"class":72},[62,121008,96],{"class":95},[62,121010,2273],{"class":99},[62,121012,103],{"class":95},[62,121014,270],{"class":99},[62,121016,103],{"class":95},[62,121018,284],{"class":99},[62,121020,114],{"class":95},[62,121022,121023],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121024,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,121026,121027,121029,121031,121033,121035,121037],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,121028,55586],{"class":68},[62,121030,73],{"class":72},[62,121032,74505],{"class":127},[62,121034,131],{"class":95},[62,121036,348],{"class":139},[62,121038,434],{"class":95},[62,121040,121041],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,121042,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,121044,121045,121047,121049,121051],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,121046,128],{"class":127},[62,121048,131],{"class":95},[62,121050,55605],{"class":139},[62,121052,434],{"class":95},[1256,121054,121056,121057,121059],{"id":121055},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,121058,64258],{}," on a tuple or string",[53,121061,121062],{"className":55,"code":79257,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,121063,121064,121076],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121065,121066,121068,121070,121072,121074],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121067,69],{"class":68},[62,121069,73],{"class":72},[62,121071,77],{"class":76},[62,121073,57],{"class":80},[62,121075,84],{"class":76},[62,121077,121078,121080,121082,121084],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121079,140],{"class":68},[62,121081,409],{"class":95},[62,121083,34961],{"class":139},[62,121085,8822],{"class":95},[14,121087,121088,121089,33763],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,121090,64258],{},[14,121092,121093,121095],{},[18,121094,64258],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121097,121098,121099,121101,121102,409],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,121100,74371],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[262,121103,5334],{"href":5782},[1256,121105,121107,121108,119153],{"id":121106},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,121109,74371],{},[53,121111,121113],{"className":55,"code":121112,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,121114,121115,121128,121142,121146,121156],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121116,121117,121119,121121,121123,121126],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121118,69],{"class":68},[62,121120,73],{"class":72},[62,121122,77],{"class":76},[62,121124,121125],{"class":80},"cab",[62,121127,84],{"class":76},[62,121129,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138,121140],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121131,2435],{"class":68},[62,121133,73],{"class":72},[62,121135,74505],{"class":127},[62,121137,131],{"class":95},[62,121139,140],{"class":139},[62,121141,434],{"class":95},[62,121143,121144],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,121145,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,121147,121148,121150,121152,121154],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,121149,128],{"class":127},[62,121151,131],{"class":95},[62,121153,2470],{"class":139},[62,121155,434],{"class":95},[62,121157,121158,121160,121162,121164,121166,121168],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,121159,128],{"class":127},[62,121161,131],{"class":95},[62,121163,1690],{"class":430},[62,121165,131],{"class":95},[62,121167,2470],{"class":139},[62,121169,1013],{"class":95},[14,121171,121172],{},[3946,121173,2282],{},[53,121175,121177],{"className":55,"code":121176,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,121178,121179,121207],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121180,121181,121183,121185,121187,121189,121191,121193,121195,121197,121199,121201,121203,121205],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121182,948],{"class":95},[62,121184,3503],{"class":76},[62,121186,262],{"class":80},[62,121188,3503],{"class":76},[62,121190,103],{"class":95},[62,121192,3498],{"class":76},[62,121194,277],{"class":80},[62,121196,3503],{"class":76},[62,121198,103],{"class":95},[62,121200,3498],{"class":76},[62,121202,9912],{"class":80},[62,121204,3503],{"class":76},[62,121206,114],{"class":95},[62,121208,121209,121211,121213,121215,121217,121219],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121210,3492],{"class":72},[62,121212,3495],{"class":2276},[62,121214,3498],{"class":76},[62,121216,8276],{"class":80},[62,121218,3503],{"class":76},[62,121220,3506],{"class":72},[14,121222,121223],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[48,121225,113674],{"id":113673},[14,121227,121228],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[29,121230,121231,121234,121239,121244,121250],{},[32,121232,121233],{},"confusing a function with a method",[32,121235,121236,121237,53588],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121238,64258],{},[32,121240,121241,121242,12768],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121243,77814],{},[32,121245,121246,121247,121249],{},"trying to use ",[18,121248,64258],{}," on non-list data types",[32,121251,50656,121252,121254],{},[18,121253,74371],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121256,121257],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[53,121259,121261],{"className":55,"code":121260,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121262,121263,121273,121287,121312,121327,121337],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121264,121265,121267,121269,121271],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121266,128],{"class":127},[62,121268,131],{"class":95},[62,121270,2069],{"class":139},[62,121272,434],{"class":95},[62,121274,121275,121277,121279,121281,121283,121285],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121276,128],{"class":127},[62,121278,131],{"class":95},[62,121280,74461],{"class":127},[62,121282,131],{"class":95},[62,121284,2069],{"class":139},[62,121286,1013],{"class":95},[62,121288,121289,121291,121293,121295,121297,121299,121301,121304,121306,121308,121310],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,121290,2435],{"class":68},[62,121292,73],{"class":72},[62,121294,8575],{"class":68},[62,121296,409],{"class":95},[62,121298,34961],{"class":139},[62,121300,7557],{"class":95},[62,121302,121303],{"class":68},"; ",[62,121305,128],{"class":127},[62,121307,131],{"class":95},[62,121309,2470],{"class":139},[62,121311,434],{"class":95},[62,121313,121314,121316,121318,121320,121322,121325],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,121315,128],{"class":127},[62,121317,131],{"class":95},[62,121319,1690],{"class":430},[62,121321,131],{"class":95},[62,121323,121324],{"class":139},"my_data",[62,121326,1013],{"class":95},[62,121328,121329,121331,121333,121335],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,121330,32314],{"class":127},[62,121332,131],{"class":95},[62,121334,74461],{"class":127},[62,121336,434],{"class":95},[62,121338,121339,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,121340,32314],{"class":127},[62,121342,131],{"class":95},[62,121344,8276],{"class":430},[62,121346,409],{"class":95},[62,121348,34961],{"class":24910},[62,121350,434],{"class":95},[14,121352,84320],{},[29,121354,121355,121358,121362,121370],{},[32,121356,121357],{},"whether your original list changed",[32,121359,26180,121360,11876],{},[18,121361,74371],{},[32,121363,121364,121365,121367,121368],{},"whether ",[18,121366,64258],{}," returned ",[18,121369,1548],{},[32,121371,121372],{},"what type of object you are working with",[48,121374,121376],{"id":121375},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121378,121379],{},"Use this rule:",[29,121381,121382,121390],{},[32,121383,121384,121385,121387,121388],{},"Need a ",[3946,121386,119478],{},": use ",[18,121389,74371],{},[32,121391,121392,121393,121387,121396],{},"Need to ",[3946,121394,121395],{},"change one list directly",[18,121397,77814],{},[14,121399,121400,121401,121403],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121402,74371],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[48,121405,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,121407,121409,121410,2022,121412,632],{"id":121408},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121411,74371],{},[18,121413,77814],{},[14,121415,121416,121418],{},[18,121417,74371],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1256,121420,5356,121422,5359,121424,632],{"id":121421},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121423,77814],{},[18,121425,1548],{},[14,121427,121428],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1256,121430,5368,121432,121434],{"id":121431},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121433,74371],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121436,121437],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1256,121439,28489,121441,121443],{"id":121440},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121442,64258],{}," on a string?",[14,121445,46517,121446,121448,121449,40083],{},[18,121447,64258],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121450,121451],{},"sorted(string)",[1256,121453,11990,121455,1940,121457,121459],{"id":121454},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121456,74371],{},[18,121458,64258],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121461,121462,121463,409],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121464,78038],{},[48,121466,2109],{"id":2108},[29,121468,121469,121475,121481,121485,121489],{},[32,121470,121471],{},[262,121472,3779,121473,3712],{"href":74468},[18,121474,74371],{},[32,121476,121477],{},[262,121478,3779,121479,10912],{"href":74722},[18,121480,77814],{},[32,121482,121483],{},[262,121484,79820],{"href":78323},[32,121486,121487],{},[262,121488,120772],{"href":120771},[32,121490,121491],{},[262,121492,52715],{"href":402},[2145,121494,121495],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":121497},[121498,121499,121500,121504,121508,121511,121515,121519,121524,121534,121535,121536,121548],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":119566,"depth":87,"text":119567},{"id":117669,"depth":87,"text":119391,"children":121501},[121502],{"id":119633,"depth":117,"text":121503},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77880,"depth":87,"text":79842,"children":121505},[121506],{"id":119810,"depth":117,"text":121507},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119906,"depth":87,"text":119907,"children":121509},[121510],{"id":119932,"depth":117,"text":119933},{"id":120138,"depth":87,"text":121512,"children":121513},"When to use sorted()",[121514],{"id":120160,"depth":117,"text":120161},{"id":120295,"depth":87,"text":121516,"children":121517},"When to use list.sort()",[121518],{"id":120318,"depth":117,"text":120319},{"id":120432,"depth":87,"text":121520,"children":121521},"reverse and key work with both",[121522,121523],{"id":120463,"depth":117,"text":120464},{"id":120591,"depth":117,"text":120592},{"id":120775,"depth":87,"text":120776,"children":121525},[121526,121528,121530,121532],{"id":120782,"depth":117,"text":121527},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120906,"depth":117,"text":121529},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121055,"depth":117,"text":121531},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121106,"depth":117,"text":121533},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113673,"depth":87,"text":113674},{"id":121375,"depth":87,"text":121376},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":121537},[121538,121540,121542,121544,121546],{"id":121408,"depth":117,"text":121539},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121421,"depth":117,"text":121541},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121431,"depth":117,"text":121543},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121440,"depth":117,"text":121545},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121454,"depth":117,"text":121547},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119437,"description":121549},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121555,"title":42328,"body":121556,"description":123288,"extension":2174,"meta":123289,"navigation":120,"path":123290,"seo":123291,"stem":123292,"__hash__":123293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121557,"toc":123245},[121558,121563,121568,121574,121576,121631,121635,121658,121663,121668,121673,121675,121706,121709,121723,121725,121727,121742,121747,121751,121754,121805,121809,121823,121830,121834,121838,121893,121897,121920,121924,121980,121984,122007,122011,122066,122070,122093,122097,122164,122168,122203,122209,122214,122219,122221,122235,122237,122311,122315,122335,122340,122347,122350,122362,122364,122433,122437,122474,122477,122502,122509,122518,122521,122533,122539,122545,122547,122553,122558,122637,122641,122682,122686,122688,122715,122718,122741,122744,122750,122753,122790,122802,122809,122811,122862,122865,122897,122900,122902,122909,122911,122926,122928,122985,122989,123013,123015,123020,123036,123043,123047,123050,123133,123143,123145,123150,123153,123159,123162,123168,123171,123177,123180,123187,123195,123197,123242],[10,121559,3779,121561,3783],{"id":121560},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121562,47836],{},[14,121564,32479,121565,121567],{},[18,121566,47836],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121569,121570,121571,121573],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121572,47836],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[48,121575,51],{"id":50},[53,121577,121579],{"className":55,"code":121578,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121580,121581,121589,121603,121607,121617],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121582,121583,121585,121587],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121584,21790],{"class":68},[62,121586,73],{"class":72},[62,121588,45377],{"class":99},[62,121590,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599,121601],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121592,69],{"class":68},[62,121594,73],{"class":72},[62,121596,1714],{"class":430},[62,121598,131],{"class":95},[62,121600,1073],{"class":139},[62,121602,434],{"class":95},[62,121604,121605],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,121606,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,121608,121609,121611,121613,121615],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,121610,128],{"class":127},[62,121612,131],{"class":95},[62,121614,140],{"class":139},[62,121616,434],{"class":95},[62,121618,121619,121621,121623,121625,121627,121629],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,121620,128],{"class":127},[62,121622,131],{"class":95},[62,121624,1690],{"class":430},[62,121626,131],{"class":95},[62,121628,140],{"class":139},[62,121630,1013],{"class":95},[14,121632,121633],{},[3946,121634,2282],{},[53,121636,121638],{"className":55,"code":121637,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121639,121640,121644],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121641,121642],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121643,2913],{"class":99},[62,121645,121646,121648,121650,121652,121654,121656],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121647,3492],{"class":72},[62,121649,3495],{"class":2276},[62,121651,3498],{"class":76},[62,121653,3646],{"class":80},[62,121655,3503],{"class":76},[62,121657,3506],{"class":72},[14,121659,169,121660,121662],{},[18,121661,47836],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[48,121664,3879,121666,3882],{"id":121665},"what-str-does",[18,121667,47836],{},[14,121669,121670,121672],{},[18,121671,47836],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121674,2319],{},[29,121676,121677,121684,121691,121698],{},[32,121678,121679,121680,42307,121682],{},"An integer like ",[18,121681,100],{},[18,121683,42278],{},[32,121685,121686,121687,42307,121689],{},"A float like ",[18,121688,1596],{},[18,121690,48247],{},[32,121692,121693,121694,42307,121696],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121695,3808],{},[18,121697,6832],{},[32,121699,121700,121701,42307,121703],{},"A list like ",[18,121702,75193],{},[18,121704,121705],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121707,121708],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[29,121710,121711,121714,121717,121720],{},[32,121712,121713],{},"print it",[32,121715,121716],{},"combine it with other strings",[32,121718,121719],{},"save it to a file",[32,121721,121722],{},"use it in messages",[48,121724,413],{"id":412},[14,121726,7409],{},[53,121728,121730],{"className":55,"code":121729,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"str(object)\n",[18,121731,121732],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121733,121734,121736,121738,121740],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121735,3646],{"class":430},[62,121737,131],{"class":95},[62,121739,431],{"class":430},[62,121741,434],{"class":95},[14,121743,20933,121744,121746],{},[18,121745,431],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121748,121749,8407],{},[18,121750,47836],{},[14,121752,121753],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[53,121755,121757],{"className":55,"code":121756,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121758,121759,121768,121791,121795],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121760,121761,121763,121765],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121762,5293],{"class":68},[62,121764,73],{"class":72},[62,121766,121767],{"class":99}," 100\n",[62,121769,121770,121772,121774,121776,121779,121781,121783,121785,121787,121789],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121771,89954],{"class":68},[62,121773,73],{"class":72},[62,121775,77],{"class":76},[62,121777,121778],{"class":80},"Your score is ",[62,121780,259],{"class":76},[62,121782,2658],{"class":72},[62,121784,1714],{"class":430},[62,121786,131],{"class":95},[62,121788,85467],{"class":139},[62,121790,434],{"class":95},[62,121792,121793],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,121794,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,121796,121797,121799,121801,121803],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,121798,128],{"class":127},[62,121800,131],{"class":95},[62,121802,89971],{"class":139},[62,121804,434],{"class":95},[14,121806,121807],{},[3946,121808,2282],{},[53,121810,121812],{"className":55,"code":121811,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121813,121814],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121815,121816,121819,121821],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121817,121818],{"class":68},"Your score ",[62,121820,1791],{"class":72},[62,121822,121767],{"class":99},[14,121824,2502,121825,121829],{},[262,121826,121827,2508],{"href":1819},[18,121828,2507],{}," can help you check.",[48,121831,121833],{"id":121832},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1256,121835,121837],{"id":121836},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[53,121839,121841],{"className":55,"code":121840,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121842,121843,121851,121865,121869,121879],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121844,121845,121847,121849],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121846,2422],{"class":68},[62,121848,73],{"class":72},[62,121850,2791],{"class":99},[62,121852,121853,121855,121857,121859,121861,121863],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121854,69],{"class":68},[62,121856,73],{"class":72},[62,121858,1714],{"class":430},[62,121860,131],{"class":95},[62,121862,2445],{"class":139},[62,121864,434],{"class":95},[62,121866,121867],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,121868,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,121870,121871,121873,121875,121877],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,121872,128],{"class":127},[62,121874,131],{"class":95},[62,121876,140],{"class":139},[62,121878,434],{"class":95},[62,121880,121881,121883,121885,121887,121889,121891],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,121882,128],{"class":127},[62,121884,131],{"class":95},[62,121886,1690],{"class":430},[62,121888,131],{"class":95},[62,121890,140],{"class":139},[62,121892,1013],{"class":95},[14,121894,121895],{},[3946,121896,2282],{},[53,121898,121900],{"className":55,"code":121899,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121901,121902,121906],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121903,121904],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121905,2581],{"class":99},[62,121907,121908,121910,121912,121914,121916,121918],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121909,3492],{"class":72},[62,121911,3495],{"class":2276},[62,121913,3498],{"class":76},[62,121915,3646],{"class":80},[62,121917,3503],{"class":76},[62,121919,3506],{"class":72},[1256,121921,121923],{"id":121922},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[53,121925,121927],{"className":55,"code":121926,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121928,121929,121938,121952,121956,121966],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121930,121931,121933,121935],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121932,40540],{"class":68},[62,121934,73],{"class":72},[62,121936,121937],{"class":99}," 3.14\n",[62,121939,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948,121950],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121941,69],{"class":68},[62,121943,73],{"class":72},[62,121945,1714],{"class":430},[62,121947,131],{"class":95},[62,121949,25310],{"class":139},[62,121951,434],{"class":95},[62,121953,121954],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,121955,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,121957,121958,121960,121962,121964],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,121959,128],{"class":127},[62,121961,131],{"class":95},[62,121963,140],{"class":139},[62,121965,434],{"class":95},[62,121967,121968,121970,121972,121974,121976,121978],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,121969,128],{"class":127},[62,121971,131],{"class":95},[62,121973,1690],{"class":430},[62,121975,131],{"class":95},[62,121977,140],{"class":139},[62,121979,1013],{"class":95},[14,121981,121982],{},[3946,121983,2282],{},[53,121985,121987],{"className":55,"code":121986,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121988,121989,121993],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,121990,121991],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,121992,40330],{"class":99},[62,121994,121995,121997,121999,122001,122003,122005],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,121996,3492],{"class":72},[62,121998,3495],{"class":2276},[62,122000,3498],{"class":76},[62,122002,3646],{"class":80},[62,122004,3503],{"class":76},[62,122006,3506],{"class":72},[1256,122008,122010],{"id":122009},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[53,122012,122014],{"className":55,"code":122013,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122015,122016,122024,122038,122042,122052],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122017,122018,122020,122022],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122019,1613],{"class":68},[62,122021,73],{"class":72},[62,122023,6615],{"class":1618},[62,122025,122026,122028,122030,122032,122034,122036],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122027,69],{"class":68},[62,122029,73],{"class":72},[62,122031,1714],{"class":430},[62,122033,131],{"class":95},[62,122035,1632],{"class":139},[62,122037,434],{"class":95},[62,122039,122040],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122041,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,122043,122044,122046,122048,122050],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,122045,128],{"class":127},[62,122047,131],{"class":95},[62,122049,140],{"class":139},[62,122051,434],{"class":95},[62,122053,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062,122064],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,122055,128],{"class":127},[62,122057,131],{"class":95},[62,122059,1690],{"class":430},[62,122061,131],{"class":95},[62,122063,140],{"class":139},[62,122065,1013],{"class":95},[14,122067,122068],{},[3946,122069,2282],{},[53,122071,122073],{"className":55,"code":122072,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122074,122075,122079],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122076,122077],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122078,4179],{"class":1618},[62,122080,122081,122083,122085,122087,122089,122091],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122082,3492],{"class":72},[62,122084,3495],{"class":2276},[62,122086,3498],{"class":76},[62,122088,3646],{"class":80},[62,122090,3503],{"class":76},[62,122092,3506],{"class":72},[1256,122094,122096],{"id":122095},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[53,122098,122100],{"className":55,"code":122099,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122101,122102,122122,122136,122140,122150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122103,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116,122118,122120],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122105,90],{"class":68},[62,122107,73],{"class":72},[62,122109,96],{"class":95},[62,122111,499],{"class":99},[62,122113,103],{"class":95},[62,122115,284],{"class":99},[62,122117,103],{"class":95},[62,122119,508],{"class":99},[62,122121,114],{"class":95},[62,122123,122124,122126,122128,122130,122132,122134],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122125,69],{"class":68},[62,122127,73],{"class":72},[62,122129,1714],{"class":430},[62,122131,131],{"class":95},[62,122133,161],{"class":139},[62,122135,434],{"class":95},[62,122137,122138],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122139,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,122141,122142,122144,122146,122148],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,122143,128],{"class":127},[62,122145,131],{"class":95},[62,122147,140],{"class":139},[62,122149,434],{"class":95},[62,122151,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160,122162],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,122153,128],{"class":127},[62,122155,131],{"class":95},[62,122157,1690],{"class":430},[62,122159,131],{"class":95},[62,122161,140],{"class":139},[62,122163,1013],{"class":95},[14,122165,122166],{},[3946,122167,2282],{},[53,122169,122171],{"className":55,"code":122170,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122172,122173,122189],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122174,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122176,948],{"class":95},[62,122178,499],{"class":99},[62,122180,103],{"class":95},[62,122182,284],{"class":99},[62,122184,103],{"class":95},[62,122186,508],{"class":99},[62,122188,114],{"class":95},[62,122190,122191,122193,122195,122197,122199,122201],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122192,3492],{"class":72},[62,122194,3495],{"class":2276},[62,122196,3498],{"class":76},[62,122198,3646],{"class":80},[62,122200,3503],{"class":76},[62,122202,3506],{"class":72},[14,122204,122205,122206,122208],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3946,122207,4830],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[48,122210,5160,122212],{"id":122211},"when-to-use-str",[18,122213,47836],{},[14,122215,169,122216,122218],{},[18,122217,47836],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122220,36587],{},[29,122222,122223,122226,122229,122232],{},[32,122224,122225],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[32,122227,122228],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[32,122230,122231],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[32,122233,122234],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122236,201],{},[53,122238,122240],{"className":55,"code":122239,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122241,122242,122254,122262,122266,122301],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122243,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122245,211],{"class":68},[62,122247,73],{"class":72},[62,122249,77],{"class":76},[62,122251,11680],{"class":80},[62,122253,84],{"class":76},[62,122255,122256,122258,122260],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122257,21790],{"class":68},[62,122259,73],{"class":72},[62,122261,45377],{"class":99},[62,122263,122264],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122265,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,122267,122268,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286,122288,122290,122292,122294,122296,122299],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,122269,89954],{"class":68},[62,122271,73],{"class":72},[62,122273,36131],{"class":68},[62,122275,2270],{"class":72},[62,122277,77],{"class":76},[62,122279,4982],{"class":80},[62,122281,259],{"class":76},[62,122283,2658],{"class":72},[62,122285,1714],{"class":430},[62,122287,131],{"class":95},[62,122289,1073],{"class":139},[62,122291,741],{"class":95},[62,122293,2658],{"class":72},[62,122295,77],{"class":76},[62,122297,122298],{"class":80}," years old.",[62,122300,84],{"class":76},[62,122302,122303,122305,122307,122309],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,122304,128],{"class":127},[62,122306,131],{"class":95},[62,122308,89971],{"class":139},[62,122310,434],{"class":95},[14,122312,122313],{},[3946,122314,2282],{},[53,122316,122318],{"className":55,"code":122317,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122319,122320],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122321,122322,122325,122327,122329,122332],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122323,122324],{"class":68},"Maya ",[62,122326,1791],{"class":72},[62,122328,9479],{"class":99},[62,122330,122331],{"class":68}," years old",[62,122333,122334],{"class":95},".\n",[14,122336,122337,122338,409],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[262,122339,89640],{"href":89639},[48,122341,122343,10756,122345],{"id":122342},"str-vs-print",[18,122344,47836],{},[18,122346,46604],{},[14,122348,122349],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[29,122351,122352,122357],{},[32,122353,122354,122356],{},[18,122355,47836],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[32,122358,122359,122361],{},[18,122360,46604],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122363,201],{},[53,122365,122367],{"className":55,"code":122366,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122368,122369,122377,122381,122395,122405,122419],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122370,122371,122373,122375],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122372,1613],{"class":68},[62,122374,73],{"class":72},[62,122376,2973],{"class":99},[62,122378,122379],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122380,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,122382,122383,122385,122387,122389,122391,122393],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122384,69],{"class":68},[62,122386,73],{"class":72},[62,122388,1714],{"class":430},[62,122390,131],{"class":95},[62,122392,1632],{"class":139},[62,122394,434],{"class":95},[62,122396,122397,122399,122401,122403],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,122398,128],{"class":127},[62,122400,131],{"class":95},[62,122402,140],{"class":139},[62,122404,434],{"class":95},[62,122406,122407,122409,122411,122413,122415,122417],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,122408,128],{"class":127},[62,122410,131],{"class":95},[62,122412,1690],{"class":430},[62,122414,131],{"class":95},[62,122416,140],{"class":139},[62,122418,1013],{"class":95},[62,122420,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429,122431],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,122422,128],{"class":127},[62,122424,131],{"class":95},[62,122426,1690],{"class":430},[62,122428,131],{"class":95},[62,122430,1632],{"class":139},[62,122432,1013],{"class":95},[14,122434,122435],{},[3946,122436,2282],{},[53,122438,122440],{"className":55,"code":122439,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122441,122442,122446,122460],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122443,122444],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122445,46764],{"class":99},[62,122447,122448,122450,122452,122454,122456,122458],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122449,3492],{"class":72},[62,122451,3495],{"class":2276},[62,122453,3498],{"class":76},[62,122455,3646],{"class":80},[62,122457,3503],{"class":76},[62,122459,3506],{"class":72},[62,122461,122462,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122463,3492],{"class":72},[62,122465,3495],{"class":2276},[62,122467,3498],{"class":76},[62,122469,2021],{"class":80},[62,122471,3503],{"class":76},[62,122473,3506],{"class":72},[14,122475,122476],{},"Notice:",[29,122478,122479,122485,122490],{},[32,122480,122481,122484],{},[18,122482,122483],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[32,122486,122487,122489],{},[18,122488,46604],{}," only displayed values",[32,122491,122492,122494,122495,122497,122498,61247,122500],{},[18,122493,46604],{}," did not change ",[18,122496,1632],{}," from ",[18,122499,2021],{},[18,122501,3646],{},[14,122503,122504,122505,409],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[262,122506,122507,2508],{"href":46601},[18,122508,46604],{},[48,122510,122512,10756,122514,122517],{"id":122511},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122513,47836],{},[18,122515,122516],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122519,122520],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[29,122522,122523,122528],{},[32,122524,122525,122527],{},[18,122526,47836],{}," is the more readable text version",[32,122529,122530,122532],{},[18,122531,122516],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122534,122535,122536,122538],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122537,47836],{}," much more often.",[14,122540,122541,122542,122544],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122543,47836],{}," is usually the right choice.",[48,122546,4718],{"id":4717},[1256,122548,25935,122550,122552],{"id":122549},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122551,47836],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122554,122555,122557],{},[18,122556,47836],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[53,122559,122561],{"className":55,"code":122560,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122562,122563,122571,122585,122589,122599,122613,122623],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122564,122565,122567,122569],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122566,21790],{"class":68},[62,122568,73],{"class":72},[62,122570,45377],{"class":99},[62,122572,122573,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122574,69],{"class":68},[62,122576,73],{"class":72},[62,122578,1714],{"class":430},[62,122580,131],{"class":95},[62,122582,1073],{"class":139},[62,122584,434],{"class":95},[62,122586,122587],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122588,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,122590,122591,122593,122595,122597],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,122592,128],{"class":127},[62,122594,131],{"class":95},[62,122596,1073],{"class":139},[62,122598,434],{"class":95},[62,122600,122601,122603,122605,122607,122609,122611],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,122602,128],{"class":127},[62,122604,131],{"class":95},[62,122606,1690],{"class":430},[62,122608,131],{"class":95},[62,122610,1073],{"class":139},[62,122612,1013],{"class":95},[62,122614,122615,122617,122619,122621],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,122616,128],{"class":127},[62,122618,131],{"class":95},[62,122620,140],{"class":139},[62,122622,434],{"class":95},[62,122624,122625,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,122626,128],{"class":127},[62,122628,131],{"class":95},[62,122630,1690],{"class":430},[62,122632,131],{"class":95},[62,122634,140],{"class":139},[62,122636,1013],{"class":95},[14,122638,122639],{},[3946,122640,2282],{},[53,122642,122644],{"className":55,"code":122643,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122645,122646,122650,122664,122668],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122647,122648],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122649,2913],{"class":99},[62,122651,122652,122654,122656,122658,122660,122662],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122653,3492],{"class":72},[62,122655,3495],{"class":2276},[62,122657,3498],{"class":76},[62,122659,2021],{"class":80},[62,122661,3503],{"class":76},[62,122663,3506],{"class":72},[62,122665,122666],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122667,2913],{"class":99},[62,122669,122670,122672,122674,122676,122678,122680],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,122671,3492],{"class":72},[62,122673,3495],{"class":2276},[62,122675,3498],{"class":76},[62,122677,3646],{"class":80},[62,122679,3503],{"class":76},[62,122681,3506],{"class":72},[1256,122683,122685],{"id":122684},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122687,6879],{},[53,122689,122691],{"className":55,"code":122690,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122692,122693,122701],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122694,122695,122697,122699],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122696,21790],{"class":68},[62,122698,73],{"class":72},[62,122700,45377],{"class":99},[62,122702,122703,122705,122707,122709,122711,122713],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122704,69],{"class":68},[62,122706,73],{"class":72},[62,122708,1714],{"class":430},[62,122710,131],{"class":95},[62,122712,1073],{"class":139},[62,122714,434],{"class":95},[14,122716,122717],{},"But if you only do this:",[53,122719,122721],{"className":55,"code":122720,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122722,122723,122731],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122724,122725,122727,122729],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122726,21790],{"class":68},[62,122728,73],{"class":72},[62,122730,45377],{"class":99},[62,122732,122733,122735,122737,122739],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122734,3646],{"class":430},[62,122736,131],{"class":95},[62,122738,1073],{"class":139},[62,122740,434],{"class":95},[14,122742,122743],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1256,122745,1834,122747,122749],{"id":122746},"using-str-too-early",[18,122748,47836],{}," too early",[14,122751,122752],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[53,122754,122756],{"className":55,"code":122755,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122757,122758,122766,122781,122785],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122759,122760,122762,122764],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122761,40540],{"class":68},[62,122763,73],{"class":72},[62,122765,2791],{"class":99},[62,122767,122768,122771,122773,122775,122777,122779],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122769,122770],{"class":68},"text_price ",[62,122772,73],{"class":72},[62,122774,1714],{"class":430},[62,122776,131],{"class":95},[62,122778,25310],{"class":139},[62,122780,434],{"class":95},[62,122782,122783],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122784,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,122786,122787],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,122788,122789],{"class":146},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122791,122792,122793,2022,122797,122801],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[262,122794,122795],{"href":3078},[18,122796,3081],{},[262,122798,122799],{"href":3084},[18,122800,3087],{},", depending on the situation.",[1256,122803,8631,122805,122808],{"id":122804},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122806,122807],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122810,64590],{},[53,122812,122814],{"className":55,"code":122813,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122815,122816,122848],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122817,122818,122820,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832,122834,122836,122838,122840,122842,122844,122846],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122819,90],{"class":68},[62,122821,73],{"class":72},[62,122823,96],{"class":95},[62,122825,259],{"class":76},[62,122827,901],{"class":80},[62,122829,259],{"class":76},[62,122831,103],{"class":95},[62,122833,77],{"class":76},[62,122835,910],{"class":80},[62,122837,259],{"class":76},[62,122839,103],{"class":95},[62,122841,77],{"class":76},[62,122843,33383],{"class":80},[62,122845,259],{"class":76},[62,122847,114],{"class":95},[62,122849,122850,122852,122854,122856,122858,122860],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122851,128],{"class":127},[62,122853,131],{"class":95},[62,122855,3646],{"class":430},[62,122857,131],{"class":95},[62,122859,161],{"class":139},[62,122861,1013],{"class":95},[14,122863,122864],{},"prints:",[53,122866,122867],{"className":55,"code":72783,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,122868,122869],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122870,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881,122883,122885,122887,122889,122891,122893,122895],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122872,948],{"class":95},[62,122874,3503],{"class":76},[62,122876,901],{"class":80},[62,122878,3503],{"class":76},[62,122880,103],{"class":95},[62,122882,3498],{"class":76},[62,122884,910],{"class":80},[62,122886,3503],{"class":76},[62,122888,103],{"class":95},[62,122890,3498],{"class":76},[62,122892,33383],{"class":80},[62,122894,3503],{"class":76},[62,122896,114],{"class":95},[14,122898,122899],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[48,122901,17584],{"id":17583},[14,122903,122904,22137,122906,409],{},[18,122905,47836],{},[3946,122907,122908],{},"new string",[14,122910,11631],{},[29,122912,122913,122916,122919],{},[32,122914,122915],{},"It always returns a string",[32,122917,122918],{},"It does not modify the original object",[32,122920,2035,122921,122925],{},[262,122922,122923],{"href":1819},[18,122924,2507],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122927,201],{},[53,122929,122931],{"className":55,"code":122930,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122932,122933,122941,122956,122960,122971],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122934,122935,122937,122939],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122936,1613],{"class":68},[62,122938,73],{"class":72},[62,122940,14297],{"class":99},[62,122942,122943,122946,122948,122950,122952,122954],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,122944,122945],{"class":68},"converted ",[62,122947,73],{"class":72},[62,122949,1714],{"class":430},[62,122951,131],{"class":95},[62,122953,1632],{"class":139},[62,122955,434],{"class":95},[62,122957,122958],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,122959,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,122961,122962,122964,122966,122969],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,122963,128],{"class":127},[62,122965,131],{"class":95},[62,122967,122968],{"class":139},"converted",[62,122970,434],{"class":95},[62,122972,122973,122975,122977,122979,122981,122983],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,122974,128],{"class":127},[62,122976,131],{"class":95},[62,122978,1690],{"class":430},[62,122980,131],{"class":95},[62,122982,122968],{"class":139},[62,122984,1013],{"class":95},[14,122986,122987],{},[3946,122988,2282],{},[53,122990,122992],{"className":55,"code":122991,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122993,122994,122999],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,122995,122996],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,122997,122998],{"class":99},"99\n",[62,123000,123001,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123002,3492],{"class":72},[62,123004,3495],{"class":2276},[62,123006,3498],{"class":76},[62,123008,3646],{"class":80},[62,123010,3503],{"class":76},[62,123012,3506],{"class":72},[48,123014,113674],{"id":113673},[14,123016,123017,123018,74762],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,123019,47836],{},[29,123021,123022,123025,123028,123033],{},[32,123023,123024],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[32,123026,123027],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[32,123029,1834,123030,123032],{},[18,123031,47836],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[32,123034,123035],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123037,123038,123039,409],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[262,123040,25840,123041],{"href":90352},[18,123042,90353],{},[48,123044,123046],{"id":123045},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123048,123049],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[53,123051,123053],{"className":55,"code":123052,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123054,123055,123063,123067,123077,123091,123095,123109,123119],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123056,123057,123059,123061],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123058,1613],{"class":68},[62,123060,73],{"class":72},[62,123062,45377],{"class":99},[62,123064,123065],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123066,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,123068,123069,123071,123073,123075],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,123070,128],{"class":127},[62,123072,131],{"class":95},[62,123074,1632],{"class":139},[62,123076,434],{"class":95},[62,123078,123079,123081,123083,123085,123087,123089],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,123080,128],{"class":127},[62,123082,131],{"class":95},[62,123084,1690],{"class":430},[62,123086,131],{"class":95},[62,123088,1632],{"class":139},[62,123090,1013],{"class":95},[62,123092,123093],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,123094,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,123096,123097,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,123098,122945],{"class":68},[62,123100,73],{"class":72},[62,123102,1714],{"class":430},[62,123104,131],{"class":95},[62,123106,1632],{"class":139},[62,123108,434],{"class":95},[62,123110,123111,123113,123115,123117],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,123112,128],{"class":127},[62,123114,131],{"class":95},[62,123116,122968],{"class":139},[62,123118,434],{"class":95},[62,123120,123121,123123,123125,123127,123129,123131],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,123122,128],{"class":127},[62,123124,131],{"class":95},[62,123126,1690],{"class":430},[62,123128,131],{"class":95},[62,123130,122968],{"class":139},[62,123132,1013],{"class":95},[14,123134,123135,123136,399,123138,123140,123141,409],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,123137,2021],{},[18,123139,2025],{},", or another type into ",[18,123142,3646],{},[48,123144,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,123146,5340,123148,5343],{"id":123147},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,123149,47836],{},[14,123151,123152],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1256,123154,12875,123156,123158],{"id":123155},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,123157,47836],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123160,123161],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1256,123163,5368,123165,123167],{"id":123164},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,123166,47836],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123169,123170],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1256,123172,94538,123174,123176],{"id":123173},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,123175,47836],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123178,123179],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1256,123181,15070,123183,57150,123185,632],{"id":123182},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,123184,47836],{},[18,123186,46604],{},[14,123188,46517,123189,123191,123192,123194],{},[18,123190,47836],{}," converts to text. ",[18,123193,46604],{}," shows output.",[48,123196,2109],{"id":2108},[29,123198,123199,123205,123211,123217,123223,123232,123236],{},[32,123200,123201],{},[262,123202,123203,3712],{"href":46601},[18,123204,46604],{},[32,123206,123207],{},[262,123208,123209,3712],{"href":1819},[18,123210,2507],{},[32,123212,123213],{},[262,123214,123215,3712],{"href":3078},[18,123216,3081],{},[32,123218,123219],{},[262,123220,123221,3712],{"href":3084},[18,123222,3087],{},[32,123224,123225],{},[262,123226,123228,123229,123231],{"href":123227},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123230,2021],{}," to string in Python",[32,123233,123234],{},[262,123235,90630],{"href":89639},[32,123237,123238],{},[262,123239,30509,123240],{"href":90352},[18,123241,90353],{},[2145,123243,123244],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":123246},[123247,123248,123250,123251,123257,123259,123261,123263,123272,123273,123274,123275,123287],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":121665,"depth":87,"text":123249},"What str() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":121832,"depth":87,"text":121833,"children":123252},[123253,123254,123255,123256],{"id":121836,"depth":117,"text":121837},{"id":121922,"depth":117,"text":121923},{"id":122009,"depth":117,"text":122010},{"id":122095,"depth":117,"text":122096},{"id":122211,"depth":87,"text":123258},"When to use str()",{"id":122342,"depth":87,"text":123260},"str() vs print()",{"id":122511,"depth":87,"text":123262},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":123264},[123265,123267,123268,123270],{"id":122549,"depth":117,"text":123266},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122684,"depth":117,"text":122685},{"id":122746,"depth":117,"text":123269},"Using str() too early",{"id":122804,"depth":117,"text":123271},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":113673,"depth":87,"text":113674},{"id":123045,"depth":87,"text":123046},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":123276},[123277,123279,123281,123283,123285],{"id":123147,"depth":117,"text":123278},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123155,"depth":117,"text":123280},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123164,"depth":117,"text":123282},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123173,"depth":117,"text":123284},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123182,"depth":117,"text":123286},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42328,"description":123288},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123295,"title":123296,"body":123297,"description":124750,"extension":2174,"meta":124751,"navigation":120,"path":124752,"seo":124753,"stem":124754,"__hash__":124755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123298,"toc":124712},[123299,123305,123311,123314,123336,123338,123400,123402,123415,123421,123426,123431,123433,123446,123457,123459,123486,123488,123505,123512,123523,123525,123530,123532,123544,123552,123561,123563,123566,123619,123621,123629,123637,123641,123646,123686,123688,123696,123699,123701,123741,123743,123751,123761,123767,123770,123843,123845,123858,123862,123867,123895,123898,123933,123935,123943,123946,123950,123954,123956,123972,123974,124014,124016,124024,124033,124076,124078,124086,124088,124092,124098,124101,124141,124143,124151,124156,124159,124202,124206,124209,124244,124249,124251,124290,124300,124308,124318,124326,124330,124335,124337,124378,124380,124388,124393,124396,124399,124417,124423,124427,124432,124435,124475,124477,124482,124581,124584,124600,124602,124621,124623,124630,124633,124639,124642,124648,124652,124658,124661,124667,124670,124672,124709],[10,123300,123302,123303,11494],{"id":123301},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123304,57235],{},[14,123306,123307,123308,123310],{},"The Python string ",[18,123309,57235],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123312,123313],{},"This reference page explains:",[29,123315,123316,123320,123323,123325,123333],{},[32,123317,26180,123318,3882],{},[18,123319,57235],{},[32,123321,123322],{},"its syntax",[32,123324,35557],{},[32,123326,123327,123328,1940,123330,123332],{},"how ",[18,123329,36235],{},[18,123331,52604],{}," work",[32,123334,123335],{},"common beginner mistakes",[48,123337,51],{"id":50},[53,123339,123341],{"className":55,"code":123340,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123342,123343,123355,123377],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123344,123345,123347,123349,123351,123353],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123346,69],{"class":68},[62,123348,73],{"class":72},[62,123350,77],{"class":76},[62,123352,910],{"class":80},[62,123354,84],{"class":76},[62,123356,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123358,128],{"class":127},[62,123360,131],{"class":95},[62,123362,140],{"class":139},[62,123364,409],{"class":95},[62,123366,41411],{"class":139},[62,123368,131],{"class":95},[62,123370,259],{"class":76},[62,123372,262],{"class":80},[62,123374,259],{"class":76},[62,123376,1013],{"class":95},[62,123378,123379,123381,123383,123385,123387,123389,123391,123393,123396,123398],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,123380,128],{"class":127},[62,123382,131],{"class":95},[62,123384,140],{"class":139},[62,123386,409],{"class":95},[62,123388,41411],{"class":139},[62,123390,131],{"class":95},[62,123392,259],{"class":76},[62,123394,123395],{"class":80},"na",[62,123397,259],{"class":76},[62,123399,1013],{"class":95},[14,123401,2282],{},[53,123403,123405],{"className":55,"code":123404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"3\n2\n",[18,123406,123407,123411],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123408,123409],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123410,46769],{"class":99},[62,123412,123413],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123414,17223],{"class":99},[14,123416,169,123417,123420],{},[18,123418,123419],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[48,123422,13166,123424,13169],{"id":123423},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123425,57235],{},[14,123427,123428,123430],{},[18,123429,57235],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123432,13222],{},[29,123434,123435,123438,123441,123443],{},[32,123436,123437],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[32,123439,123440],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[32,123442,43809],{},[32,123444,123445],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123447,123448,123449,123451,123452,399,123454,123456],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123450,18259],{}," characters are in ",[18,123453,65221],{},[18,123455,57235],{}," is a simple choice.",[48,123458,413],{"id":412},[53,123460,123462],{"className":55,"code":123461,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123463,123464],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123465,123466,123468,123470,123472,123474,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123467,61120],{"class":68},[62,123469,409],{"class":95},[62,123471,41411],{"class":139},[62,123473,131],{"class":95},[62,123475,1632],{"class":139},[62,123477,103],{"class":95},[62,123479,36214],{"class":139},[62,123481,103],{"class":95},[62,123483,64987],{"class":139},[62,123485,434],{"class":95},[1256,123487,17560],{"id":17559},[29,123489,123490,123495,123500],{},[32,123491,123492,123494],{},[18,123493,1632],{},": the text to search for",[32,123496,123497,123499],{},[18,123498,36235],{},": optional; where counting begins",[32,123501,123502,123504],{},[18,123503,52604],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123506,123507,1940,123509,123511],{},[18,123508,36235],{},[18,123510,52604],{}," work like slice positions:",[29,123513,123514,123519],{},[32,123515,123516,123518],{},[18,123517,36235],{}," is included",[32,123520,123521,75688],{},[18,123522,52604],{},[48,123524,17584],{"id":17583},[14,123526,123527,123529],{},[18,123528,57235],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123531,2337],{},[29,123533,123534,123539],{},[32,123535,123536,123537],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123538,2273],{},[32,123540,123541,123542],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123543,665],{},[14,123545,41059,123546,5359,123548,2022,123550,409],{},[3946,123547,4830],{},[18,123549,3808],{},[18,123551,2098],{},[14,123553,123554,123555,123560],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[262,123556,123558,101548],{"href":123557},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123559,4082],{}," is often a better fit.",[48,123562,11648],{"id":11647},[14,123564,123565],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[53,123567,123569],{"className":55,"code":123568,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123570,123571,123583,123605,123609],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123572,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123574,69],{"class":68},[62,123576,73],{"class":72},[62,123578,77],{"class":76},[62,123580,901],{"class":80},[62,123582,84],{"class":76},[62,123584,123585,123587,123589,123591,123593,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123586,2435],{"class":68},[62,123588,73],{"class":72},[62,123590,42992],{"class":68},[62,123592,409],{"class":95},[62,123594,41411],{"class":139},[62,123596,131],{"class":95},[62,123598,259],{"class":76},[62,123600,14],{"class":80},[62,123602,259],{"class":76},[62,123604,434],{"class":95},[62,123606,123607],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,123608,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,123610,123611,123613,123615,123617],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,123612,128],{"class":127},[62,123614,131],{"class":95},[62,123616,2470],{"class":139},[62,123618,434],{"class":95},[14,123620,2282],{},[53,123622,123623],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,123624,123625],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123626,123627],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123628,17223],{"class":99},[14,123630,63766,123631,123634,123635,409],{},[18,123632,123633],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123636,57778],{},[48,123638,123640],{"id":123639},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123642,123643,123645],{},[18,123644,57235],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[53,123647,123649],{"className":55,"code":123648,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123650,123651,123664],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123652,123653,123655,123657,123659,123662],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123654,69],{"class":68},[62,123656,73],{"class":72},[62,123658,77],{"class":76},[62,123660,123661],{"class":80},"cat dog cat bird cat",[62,123663,84],{"class":76},[62,123665,123666,123668,123670,123672,123674,123676,123678,123680,123682,123684],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123667,128],{"class":127},[62,123669,131],{"class":95},[62,123671,140],{"class":139},[62,123673,409],{"class":95},[62,123675,41411],{"class":139},[62,123677,131],{"class":95},[62,123679,259],{"class":76},[62,123681,37209],{"class":80},[62,123683,259],{"class":76},[62,123685,1013],{"class":95},[14,123687,2282],{},[53,123689,123690],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,123691,123692],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123693,123694],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123695,46769],{"class":99},[14,123697,123698],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123700,201],{},[53,123702,123704],{"className":55,"code":123703,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123705,123706,123719],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123707,123708,123710,123712,123714,123717],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123709,69],{"class":68},[62,123711,73],{"class":72},[62,123713,77],{"class":76},[62,123715,123716],{"class":80},"one One one",[62,123718,84],{"class":76},[62,123720,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731,123733,123735,123737,123739],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123722,128],{"class":127},[62,123724,131],{"class":95},[62,123726,140],{"class":139},[62,123728,409],{"class":95},[62,123730,41411],{"class":139},[62,123732,131],{"class":95},[62,123734,259],{"class":76},[62,123736,6776],{"class":80},[62,123738,259],{"class":76},[62,123740,1013],{"class":95},[14,123742,2282],{},[53,123744,123745],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,123746,123747],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123748,123749],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123750,17223],{"class":99},[14,123752,123753,123754,123757,123758,123760],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123755,123756],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123759,57235],{}," is case-sensitive.",[48,123762,1834,123763,1940,123765],{"id":65353},[18,123764,36235],{},[18,123766,52604],{},[14,123768,123769],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[53,123771,123773],{"className":55,"code":123772,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123774,123775,123787,123813],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123776,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123778,69],{"class":68},[62,123780,73],{"class":72},[62,123782,77],{"class":76},[62,123784,910],{"class":80},[62,123786,84],{"class":76},[62,123788,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123790,128],{"class":127},[62,123792,131],{"class":95},[62,123794,140],{"class":139},[62,123796,409],{"class":95},[62,123798,41411],{"class":139},[62,123800,131],{"class":95},[62,123802,259],{"class":76},[62,123804,262],{"class":80},[62,123806,259],{"class":76},[62,123808,103],{"class":95},[62,123810,284],{"class":99},[62,123812,1013],{"class":95},[62,123814,123815,123817,123819,123821,123823,123825,123827,123829,123831,123833,123835,123837,123839,123841],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,123816,128],{"class":127},[62,123818,131],{"class":95},[62,123820,140],{"class":139},[62,123822,409],{"class":95},[62,123824,41411],{"class":139},[62,123826,131],{"class":95},[62,123828,259],{"class":76},[62,123830,262],{"class":80},[62,123832,259],{"class":76},[62,123834,103],{"class":95},[62,123836,284],{"class":99},[62,123838,103],{"class":95},[62,123840,4804],{"class":99},[62,123842,1013],{"class":95},[14,123844,2282],{},[53,123846,123848],{"className":55,"code":123847,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"2\n1\n",[18,123849,123850,123854],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123851,123852],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123853,17223],{"class":99},[62,123855,123856],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123857,47069],{"class":99},[1256,123859,123861],{"id":123860},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123863,123864,123865,267],{},"In ",[18,123866,65221],{},[29,123868,123869,123877,123885],{},[32,123870,70912,123871,123873,123874],{},[18,123872,1935],{}," starts at the first ",[18,123875,123876],{},"\"n\"",[32,123878,123879,123882,123883,75986],{},[18,123880,123881],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,123884,1935],{},[32,123886,123887,123882,123890,123892,123893],{},[18,123888,123889],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,123891,1935],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,123894,299],{},[14,123896,123897],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[53,123899,123901],{"className":55,"code":123900,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,123902,123903,123915],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123904,123905,123907,123909,123911,123913],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123906,69],{"class":68},[62,123908,73],{"class":72},[62,123910,77],{"class":76},[62,123912,910],{"class":80},[62,123914,84],{"class":76},[62,123916,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927,123929,123931],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123918,128],{"class":127},[62,123920,131],{"class":95},[62,123922,140],{"class":139},[62,123924,948],{"class":95},[62,123926,1935],{"class":99},[62,123928,267],{"class":95},[62,123930,299],{"class":99},[62,123932,4088],{"class":95},[14,123934,2282],{},[53,123936,123937],{"className":55,"code":41620,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,123938,123939],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123940,123941],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123942,41620],{"class":68},[14,123944,123945],{},"Only that section is searched.",[48,123947,123949],{"id":123948},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123951,123952,123760],{},[18,123953,57235],{},[14,123955,2319],{},[29,123957,123958,123966],{},[32,123959,123960,1940,123962,123965],{},[18,123961,18259],{},[18,123963,123964],{},"\"A\""," are different",[32,123967,123968,1940,123970,123965],{},[18,123969,64481],{},[18,123971,90365],{},[14,123973,201],{},[53,123975,123977],{"className":55,"code":123976,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123978,123979,123992],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,123980,123981,123983,123985,123987,123990],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,123982,69],{"class":68},[62,123984,73],{"class":72},[62,123986,77],{"class":76},[62,123988,123989],{"class":80},"Apple apple APPLE",[62,123991,84],{"class":76},[62,123993,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010,124012],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,123995,128],{"class":127},[62,123997,131],{"class":95},[62,123999,140],{"class":139},[62,124001,409],{"class":95},[62,124003,41411],{"class":139},[62,124005,131],{"class":95},[62,124007,259],{"class":76},[62,124009,901],{"class":80},[62,124011,259],{"class":76},[62,124013,1013],{"class":95},[14,124015,2282],{},[53,124017,124018],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,124019,124020],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124021,124022],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124023,47069],{"class":99},[14,124025,124026,124027,267],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[262,124028,124030],{"href":124029},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,124031,124032],{},"lower()",[53,124034,124036],{"className":55,"code":124035,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124037,124038,124050],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124039,124040,124042,124044,124046,124048],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124041,69],{"class":68},[62,124043,73],{"class":72},[62,124045,77],{"class":76},[62,124047,123989],{"class":80},[62,124049,84],{"class":76},[62,124051,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124068,124070,124072,124074],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124053,128],{"class":127},[62,124055,131],{"class":95},[62,124057,140],{"class":139},[62,124059,409],{"class":95},[62,124061,8819],{"class":139},[62,124063,8816],{"class":95},[62,124065,41411],{"class":139},[62,124067,131],{"class":95},[62,124069,259],{"class":76},[62,124071,901],{"class":80},[62,124073,259],{"class":76},[62,124075,1013],{"class":95},[14,124077,2282],{},[53,124079,124080],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,124081,124082],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124083,124084],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124085,46769],{"class":99},[48,124087,1824],{"id":1823},[14,124089,1827,124090,409],{},[18,124091,57235],{},[1256,124093,8631,124095,124097],{"id":124094},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,124096,57235],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124099,124100],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[53,124102,124104],{"className":55,"code":124103,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124105,124106,124119],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124107,124108,124110,124112,124114,124117],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124109,69],{"class":68},[62,124111,73],{"class":72},[62,124113,77],{"class":76},[62,124115,124116],{"class":80},"Aardvark",[62,124118,84],{"class":76},[62,124120,124121,124123,124125,124127,124129,124131,124133,124135,124137,124139],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124122,128],{"class":127},[62,124124,131],{"class":95},[62,124126,140],{"class":139},[62,124128,409],{"class":95},[62,124130,41411],{"class":139},[62,124132,131],{"class":95},[62,124134,259],{"class":76},[62,124136,262],{"class":80},[62,124138,259],{"class":76},[62,124140,1013],{"class":95},[14,124142,2282],{},[53,124144,124145],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,124146,124147],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124148,124149],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124150,17223],{"class":99},[14,124152,123753,124153,124155],{},[18,124154,123964],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124157,124158],{},"If needed, convert first:",[53,124160,124162],{"className":55,"code":124161,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124163,124164,124176],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124165,124166,124168,124170,124172,124174],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124167,69],{"class":68},[62,124169,73],{"class":72},[62,124171,77],{"class":76},[62,124173,124116],{"class":80},[62,124175,84],{"class":76},[62,124177,124178,124180,124182,124184,124186,124188,124190,124192,124194,124196,124198,124200],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124179,128],{"class":127},[62,124181,131],{"class":95},[62,124183,140],{"class":139},[62,124185,409],{"class":95},[62,124187,8819],{"class":139},[62,124189,8816],{"class":95},[62,124191,41411],{"class":139},[62,124193,131],{"class":95},[62,124195,259],{"class":76},[62,124197,262],{"class":80},[62,124199,259],{"class":76},[62,124201,1013],{"class":95},[1256,124203,124205],{"id":124204},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124207,124208],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[53,124210,124212],{"className":55,"code":124211,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,124213,124214,124226],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124215,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124217,69],{"class":68},[62,124219,73],{"class":72},[62,124221,77],{"class":76},[62,124223,910],{"class":80},[62,124225,84],{"class":76},[62,124227,124228,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238,124240,124242],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124229,128],{"class":127},[62,124231,131],{"class":95},[62,124233,140],{"class":139},[62,124235,409],{"class":95},[62,124237,41411],{"class":139},[62,124239,131],{"class":95},[62,124241,262],{"class":139},[62,124243,1013],{"class":95},[14,124245,124246,124247,409],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124248,262],{},[14,124250,10979],{},[53,124252,124254],{"className":55,"code":124253,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124255,124256,124268],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124257,124258,124260,124262,124264,124266],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124259,69],{"class":68},[62,124261,73],{"class":72},[62,124263,77],{"class":76},[62,124265,910],{"class":80},[62,124267,84],{"class":76},[62,124269,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284,124286,124288],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124271,128],{"class":127},[62,124273,131],{"class":95},[62,124275,140],{"class":139},[62,124277,409],{"class":95},[62,124279,41411],{"class":139},[62,124281,131],{"class":95},[62,124283,259],{"class":76},[62,124285,262],{"class":80},[62,124287,259],{"class":76},[62,124289,1013],{"class":95},[1256,124291,37366,124293,8884,124295,2022,124298],{"id":124292},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124294,57235],{},[18,124296,124297],{},"find()",[18,124299,58913],{},[14,124301,169,124302,124304,124305,409],{},[18,124303,57235],{}," when you need the ",[3946,124306,124307],{},"number of matches",[14,124309,169,124310,124304,124315,124317],{},[262,124311,124313],{"href":124312},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124314,124297],{},[3946,124316,64893],{}," of the first match.",[14,124319,169,124320,124325],{},[262,124321,124323],{"href":124322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124324,58913],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1256,124327,124329],{"id":124328},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124331,124332,124334],{},[18,124333,57235],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124336,201],{},[53,124338,124340],{"className":55,"code":124339,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124341,124342,124355],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124343,124344,124346,124348,124350,124353],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124345,69],{"class":68},[62,124347,73],{"class":72},[62,124349,77],{"class":76},[62,124351,124352],{"class":80},"aaaa",[62,124354,84],{"class":76},[62,124356,124357,124359,124361,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371,124374,124376],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124358,128],{"class":127},[62,124360,131],{"class":95},[62,124362,140],{"class":139},[62,124364,409],{"class":95},[62,124366,41411],{"class":139},[62,124368,131],{"class":95},[62,124370,259],{"class":76},[62,124372,124373],{"class":80},"aa",[62,124375,259],{"class":76},[62,124377,1013],{"class":95},[14,124379,2282],{},[53,124381,124382],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,124383,124384],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124385,124386],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124387,17223],{"class":99},[14,124389,124390,124391,409],{},"It does not return ",[18,124392,2273],{},[14,124394,124395],{},"Why not?",[14,124397,124398],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[29,124400,124401,124410],{},[32,124402,124403,124406,124407],{},[18,124404,124405],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124408,124409],{},"0-1",[32,124411,124412,124406,124414],{},[18,124413,124405],{},[18,124415,124416],{},"2-3",[14,124418,124419,124420,409],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124421,124422],{},"1-2",[48,124424,5160,124425],{"id":58318},[18,124426,57235],{},[14,124428,169,124429,124431],{},[18,124430,57235],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124433,124434],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[29,124436,124437,124446,124456,124466],{},[32,124438,169,124439,124441,124442,124445],{},[18,124440,57235],{}," when you need ",[3946,124443,124444],{},"how many times"," something appears",[32,124447,169,124448,124441,124452,124455],{},[262,124449,124450],{"href":124312},[18,124451,124297],{},[3946,124453,124454],{},"where"," it appears",[32,124457,47963,124458,124462,124463],{},[262,124459,124460,101548],{"href":123557},[18,124461,4082],{}," when you only need to know ",[3946,124464,124465],{},"if it exists",[32,124467,169,124468,124474],{},[262,124469,124471],{"href":124470},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124472,124473],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[48,124476,26103],{"id":26102},[14,124478,9055,124479,124481],{},[18,124480,57235],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[53,124483,124485],{"className":55,"code":124484,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124486,124487,124497,124511,124533,124559],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124488,124489,124491,124493,124495],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124490,128],{"class":127},[62,124492,131],{"class":95},[62,124494,140],{"class":139},[62,124496,434],{"class":95},[62,124498,124499,124501,124503,124505,124507,124509],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124500,128],{"class":127},[62,124502,131],{"class":95},[62,124504,1690],{"class":430},[62,124506,131],{"class":95},[62,124508,140],{"class":139},[62,124510,1013],{"class":95},[62,124512,124513,124515,124517,124519,124521,124523,124525,124527,124529,124531],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,124514,128],{"class":127},[62,124516,131],{"class":95},[62,124518,140],{"class":139},[62,124520,409],{"class":95},[62,124522,41411],{"class":139},[62,124524,131],{"class":95},[62,124526,259],{"class":76},[62,124528,262],{"class":80},[62,124530,259],{"class":76},[62,124532,1013],{"class":95},[62,124534,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543,124545,124547,124549,124551,124553,124555,124557],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,124536,128],{"class":127},[62,124538,131],{"class":95},[62,124540,140],{"class":139},[62,124542,409],{"class":95},[62,124544,8819],{"class":139},[62,124546,8816],{"class":95},[62,124548,41411],{"class":139},[62,124550,131],{"class":95},[62,124552,259],{"class":76},[62,124554,262],{"class":80},[62,124556,259],{"class":76},[62,124558,1013],{"class":95},[62,124560,124561,124563,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573,124575,124577,124579],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,124562,128],{"class":127},[62,124564,131],{"class":95},[62,124566,140],{"class":139},[62,124568,409],{"class":95},[62,124570,41411],{"class":139},[62,124572,131],{"class":95},[62,124574,259],{"class":76},[62,124576,123395],{"class":80},[62,124578,259],{"class":76},[62,124580,1013],{"class":95},[14,124582,124583],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[29,124585,124586,124589,124594,124597],{},[32,124587,124588],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,124590,124591,124593],{},[18,124592,140],{}," not being a string",[32,124595,124596],{},"counting the wrong substring",[32,124598,124599],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124601,58807],{},[29,124603,124604,124607,124610,124613],{},[32,124605,124606],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[32,124608,124609],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[32,124611,124612],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[32,124614,50642,124615,44781,124617,2022,124619,73258],{},[18,124616,57235],{},[18,124618,124297],{},[18,124620,4082],{},[48,124622,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,124624,124626,124627,124629],{"id":124625},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124628,57235],{}," change the original string?",[14,124631,124632],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1256,124634,15070,124636,124638],{"id":124635},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124637,57235],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124640,124641],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1256,124643,5340,124645,124647],{"id":124644},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124646,57235],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124649,5346,124650,409],{},[18,124651,665],{},[1256,124653,5368,124655,124657],{"id":124654},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124656,57235],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124659,124660],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1256,124662,12875,124664,124666],{"id":124663},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124665,57235],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124668,124669],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[48,124671,2109],{"id":2108},[29,124673,124674,124681,124688,124695,124702],{},[32,124675,124676],{},[262,124677,124678],{"href":124312},[18,124679,124680],{},"Python string find() method",[32,124682,124683],{},[262,124684,124685],{"href":124322},[18,124686,124687],{},"Python string index() method",[32,124689,124690],{},[262,124691,124692],{"href":124029},[18,124693,124694],{},"Python string lower() method",[32,124696,124697],{},[262,124698,124699],{"href":123557},[18,124700,124701],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[32,124703,124704],{},[262,124705,124706],{"href":124470},[18,124707,124708],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2145,124710,124711],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":124713},[124714,124715,124717,124720,124721,124722,124723,124726,124727,124735,124736,124737,124749],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":123423,"depth":87,"text":124716},"What the count() method does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":124718},[124719],{"id":17559,"depth":117,"text":17560},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":123639,"depth":87,"text":123640},{"id":65353,"depth":87,"text":66136,"children":124724},[124725],{"id":123860,"depth":117,"text":123861},{"id":123948,"depth":87,"text":123949},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":124728},[124729,124731,124732,124734],{"id":124094,"depth":117,"text":124730},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124204,"depth":117,"text":124205},{"id":124292,"depth":117,"text":124733},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124328,"depth":117,"text":124329},{"id":58318,"depth":87,"text":58949},{"id":26102,"depth":87,"text":26103},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":124738},[124739,124741,124743,124745,124747],{"id":124625,"depth":117,"text":124740},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124635,"depth":117,"text":124742},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124644,"depth":117,"text":124744},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124654,"depth":117,"text":124746},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124663,"depth":117,"text":124748},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123296,"description":124750},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124757,"title":124758,"body":124759,"description":126344,"extension":2174,"meta":126345,"navigation":120,"path":126346,"seo":126347,"stem":126348,"__hash__":126349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124760,"toc":126317},[124761,124764,124767,124864,124873,124875,124894,124898,124901,124904,124917,124920,124949,124954,124959,125017,125019,125052,125058,125062,125065,125068,125097,125100,125127,125130,125133,125137,125140,125147,125210,125212,125230,125233,125237,125240,125243,125285,125288,125332,125335,125338,125342,125347,125350,125393,125395,125418,125421,125454,125457,125506,125516,125520,125523,125526,125555,125558,125569,125571,125630,125633,125637,125640,125643,125658,125667,125670,125704,125707,125734,125737,125744,125746,125749,125751,125754,125768,125777,125779,125806,125810,125813,125827,125830,125889,125893,125896,125923,125926,125953,125961,125964,126024,126026,126059,126063,126066,126085,126090,126139,126144,126146,126149,126208,126226,126228,126232,126240,126244,126247,126251,126257,126261,126271,126275,126278,126280,126314],[10,124762,124758],{"id":124763},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124765,124766],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[53,124768,124770],{"className":55,"code":124769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124771,124772,124784,124796,124805,124819,124823,124833,124843,124854],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124773,124774,124776,124778,124780,124782],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124775,211],{"class":68},[62,124777,73],{"class":72},[62,124779,77],{"class":76},[62,124781,718],{"class":80},[62,124783,84],{"class":76},[62,124785,124786,124788,124790,124792,124794],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124787,89954],{"class":68},[62,124789,73],{"class":72},[62,124791,3498],{"class":76},[62,124793,35029],{"class":80},[62,124795,29861],{"class":76},[62,124797,124798,124801,124803],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,124799,124800],{"class":68},"empty ",[62,124802,73],{"class":72},[62,124804,680],{"class":76},[62,124806,124807,124809,124811,124813,124815,124817],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,124808,69],{"class":68},[62,124810,73],{"class":72},[62,124812,1714],{"class":430},[62,124814,131],{"class":95},[62,124816,50396],{"class":99},[62,124818,434],{"class":95},[62,124820,124821],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,124822,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,124824,124825,124827,124829,124831],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,124826,128],{"class":127},[62,124828,131],{"class":95},[62,124830,329],{"class":139},[62,124832,434],{"class":95},[62,124834,124835,124837,124839,124841],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,124836,128],{"class":127},[62,124838,131],{"class":95},[62,124840,89971],{"class":139},[62,124842,434],{"class":95},[62,124844,124845,124847,124849,124852],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,124846,128],{"class":127},[62,124848,131],{"class":95},[62,124850,124851],{"class":139},"empty",[62,124853,434],{"class":95},[62,124855,124856,124858,124860,124862],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,124857,128],{"class":127},[62,124859,131],{"class":95},[62,124861,140],{"class":139},[62,124863,434],{"class":95},[14,124865,124866,124869,124870,124872],{},[3946,124867,124868],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124871,47836],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[48,124874,15330],{"id":15329},[29,124876,124877,124880,124883,124886,124891],{},[32,124878,124879],{},"What a string is in Python",[32,124881,124882],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[32,124884,124885],{},"How to create an empty string",[32,124887,124888,124889],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,124890,47836],{},[32,124892,124893],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[48,124895,124897],{"id":124896},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124899,124900],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124902,124903],{},"Strings can contain:",[29,124905,124906,124909,124911,124914],{},[32,124907,124908],{},"Letters",[32,124910,56406],{},[32,124912,124913],{},"Spaces",[32,124915,124916],{},"Symbols",[14,124918,124919],{},"Examples of strings:",[53,124921,124923],{"className":55,"code":124922,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,124924,124925,124933,124941],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124926,124927,124929,124931],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124928,259],{"class":43479},[62,124930,81],{"class":43483},[62,124932,84],{"class":43479},[62,124934,124935,124937,124939],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124936,259],{"class":43479},[62,124938,50396],{"class":43483},[62,124940,84],{"class":43479},[62,124942,124943,124945,124947],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,124944,259],{"class":43479},[62,124946,89096],{"class":43483},[62,124948,84],{"class":43479},[14,124950,21140,124951,124953],{},[18,124952,50446],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124955,124956,124957,267],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,124958,2507],{},[53,124960,124962],{"className":55,"code":124961,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,124963,124964,124976,124985,124989,125003],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,124965,124966,124968,124970,124972,124974],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,124967,69],{"class":68},[62,124969,73],{"class":72},[62,124971,77],{"class":76},[62,124973,50396],{"class":80},[62,124975,84],{"class":76},[62,124977,124978,124980,124982],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,124979,2422],{"class":68},[62,124981,73],{"class":72},[62,124983,124984],{"class":99}," 123\n",[62,124986,124987],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,124988,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,124990,124991,124993,124995,124997,124999,125001],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,124992,128],{"class":127},[62,124994,131],{"class":95},[62,124996,1690],{"class":430},[62,124998,131],{"class":95},[62,125000,140],{"class":139},[62,125002,1013],{"class":95},[62,125004,125005,125007,125009,125011,125013,125015],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,125006,128],{"class":127},[62,125008,131],{"class":95},[62,125010,1690],{"class":430},[62,125012,131],{"class":95},[62,125014,2445],{"class":139},[62,125016,1013],{"class":95},[14,125018,2282],{},[53,125020,125022],{"className":55,"code":125021,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,125023,125024,125038],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125025,125026,125028,125030,125032,125034,125036],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125027,3492],{"class":72},[62,125029,3495],{"class":2276},[62,125031,3498],{"class":76},[62,125033,3646],{"class":80},[62,125035,3503],{"class":76},[62,125037,3506],{"class":72},[62,125039,125040,125042,125044,125046,125048,125050],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125041,3492],{"class":72},[62,125043,3495],{"class":2276},[62,125045,3498],{"class":76},[62,125047,2021],{"class":80},[62,125049,3503],{"class":76},[62,125051,3506],{"class":72},[14,125053,125054,125055,409],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[262,125056,125057],{"href":397},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[48,125059,125061],{"id":125060},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125063,125064],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125066,125067],{},"You can use single quotes:",[53,125069,125071],{"className":55,"code":125070,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125072,125073,125086],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125074,125075,125078,125080,125082,125084],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125076,125077],{"class":68},"greeting ",[62,125079,73],{"class":72},[62,125081,3498],{"class":76},[62,125083,81],{"class":80},[62,125085,29861],{"class":76},[62,125087,125088,125090,125092,125095],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125089,128],{"class":127},[62,125091,131],{"class":95},[62,125093,125094],{"class":139},"greeting",[62,125096,434],{"class":95},[14,125098,125099],{},"Or double quotes:",[53,125101,125103],{"className":55,"code":125102,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125104,125105,125117],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125106,125107,125109,125111,125113,125115],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125108,125077],{"class":68},[62,125110,73],{"class":72},[62,125112,77],{"class":76},[62,125114,81],{"class":80},[62,125116,84],{"class":76},[62,125118,125119,125121,125123,125125],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125120,128],{"class":127},[62,125122,131],{"class":95},[62,125124,125094],{"class":139},[62,125126,434],{"class":95},[14,125128,125129],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125131,125132],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[48,125134,125136],{"id":125135},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125138,125139],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125141,125142,125143,2022,125145,267],{},"Use either ",[18,125144,6467],{},[18,125146,3977],{},[53,125148,125150],{"className":55,"code":125149,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,125151,125152,125161,125170,125174,125185,125196],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125153,125154,125157,125159],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125155,125156],{"class":68},"empty1 ",[62,125158,73],{"class":72},[62,125160,680],{"class":76},[62,125162,125163,125166,125168],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125164,125165],{"class":68},"empty2 ",[62,125167,73],{"class":72},[62,125169,47648],{"class":76},[62,125171,125172],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,125173,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,125175,125176,125178,125180,125183],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,125177,128],{"class":127},[62,125179,131],{"class":95},[62,125181,125182],{"class":139},"empty1",[62,125184,434],{"class":95},[62,125186,125187,125189,125191,125194],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,125188,128],{"class":127},[62,125190,131],{"class":95},[62,125192,125193],{"class":139},"empty2",[62,125195,434],{"class":95},[62,125197,125198,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,125199,128],{"class":127},[62,125201,131],{"class":95},[62,125203,1690],{"class":430},[62,125205,131],{"class":95},[62,125207,125182],{"class":139},[62,125209,1013],{"class":95},[14,125211,2282],{},[53,125213,125214],{"className":55,"code":45922,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,125215,125216],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125217,125218,125220,125222,125224,125226,125228],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125219,3492],{"class":72},[62,125221,3495],{"class":2276},[62,125223,3498],{"class":76},[62,125225,3646],{"class":80},[62,125227,3503],{"class":76},[62,125229,3506],{"class":72},[14,125231,125232],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[48,125234,125236],{"id":125235},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125238,125239],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125241,125242],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[53,125244,125246],{"className":55,"code":125245,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125247,125248,125259,125264,125271,125275],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125249,125250,125252,125254,125257],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125251,89954],{"class":68},[62,125253,73],{"class":72},[62,125255,125256],{"class":76}," \"\"\"",[62,125258,88896],{"class":80},[62,125260,125261],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125262,125263],{"class":80},"Welcome to Python\n",[62,125265,125266,125269],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,125267,125268],{"class":80},"Have a nice day",[62,125270,43487],{"class":76},[62,125272,125273],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,125274,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,125276,125277,125279,125281,125283],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,125278,128],{"class":127},[62,125280,131],{"class":95},[62,125282,89971],{"class":139},[62,125284,434],{"class":95},[14,125286,125287],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[53,125289,125291],{"className":55,"code":125290,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125292,125293,125305,125310,125318,125322],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125294,125295,125297,125299,125302],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125296,89954],{"class":68},[62,125298,73],{"class":72},[62,125300,125301],{"class":76}," '''",[62,125303,125304],{"class":80},"Line 1\n",[62,125306,125307],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125308,125309],{"class":80},"Line 2\n",[62,125311,125312,125315],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,125313,125314],{"class":80},"Line 3",[62,125316,125317],{"class":76},"'''\n",[62,125319,125320],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,125321,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,125323,125324,125326,125328,125330],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,125325,128],{"class":127},[62,125327,131],{"class":95},[62,125329,89971],{"class":139},[62,125331,434],{"class":95},[14,125333,125334],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125336,125337],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[48,125339,125341],{"id":125340},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125343,2191,125344,125346],{},[18,125345,47836],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125348,125349],{},"Example with a number:",[53,125351,125353],{"className":55,"code":125352,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125354,125355,125369,125379],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125356,125357,125359,125361,125363,125365,125367],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125358,69],{"class":68},[62,125360,73],{"class":72},[62,125362,1714],{"class":430},[62,125364,131],{"class":95},[62,125366,46678],{"class":99},[62,125368,434],{"class":95},[62,125370,125371,125373,125375,125377],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125372,128],{"class":127},[62,125374,131],{"class":95},[62,125376,140],{"class":139},[62,125378,434],{"class":95},[62,125380,125381,125383,125385,125387,125389,125391],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,125382,128],{"class":127},[62,125384,131],{"class":95},[62,125386,1690],{"class":430},[62,125388,131],{"class":95},[62,125390,140],{"class":139},[62,125392,1013],{"class":95},[14,125394,2282],{},[53,125396,125398],{"className":55,"code":125397,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125399,125400,125404],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125401,125402],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125403,46764],{"class":99},[62,125405,125406,125408,125410,125412,125414,125416],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125407,3492],{"class":72},[62,125409,3495],{"class":2276},[62,125411,3498],{"class":76},[62,125413,3646],{"class":80},[62,125415,3503],{"class":76},[62,125417,3506],{"class":72},[14,125419,125420],{},"You can also convert other values:",[53,125422,125424],{"className":55,"code":125423,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125425,125426,125440],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125427,125428,125430,125432,125434,125436,125438],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125429,128],{"class":127},[62,125431,131],{"class":95},[62,125433,3646],{"class":430},[62,125435,131],{"class":95},[62,125437,3808],{"class":1618},[62,125439,1013],{"class":95},[62,125441,125442,125444,125446,125448,125450,125452],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125443,128],{"class":127},[62,125445,131],{"class":95},[62,125447,3646],{"class":430},[62,125449,131],{"class":95},[62,125451,1596],{"class":99},[62,125453,1013],{"class":95},[14,125455,125456],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[53,125458,125460],{"className":55,"code":125459,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125461,125462,125470,125492,125496],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125463,125464,125466,125468],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125465,21790],{"class":68},[62,125467,73],{"class":72},[62,125469,45377],{"class":99},[62,125471,125472,125474,125476,125478,125480,125482,125484,125486,125488,125490],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125473,89954],{"class":68},[62,125475,73],{"class":72},[62,125477,77],{"class":76},[62,125479,89372],{"class":80},[62,125481,259],{"class":76},[62,125483,2658],{"class":72},[62,125485,1714],{"class":430},[62,125487,131],{"class":95},[62,125489,1073],{"class":139},[62,125491,434],{"class":95},[62,125493,125494],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,125495,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,125497,125498,125500,125502,125504],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,125499,128],{"class":127},[62,125501,131],{"class":95},[62,125503,89971],{"class":139},[62,125505,434],{"class":95},[14,125507,125508,125509,2022,125513,409],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[262,125510,3779,125511,3712],{"href":42327},[18,125512,47836],{},[262,125514,125515],{"href":123227},"how to convert int to string in Python",[48,125517,125519],{"id":125518},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125521,125522],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125524,125525],{},"Both of these are valid:",[53,125527,125529],{"className":55,"code":125528,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125530,125531,125543],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125532,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125534,2758],{"class":68},[62,125536,73],{"class":72},[62,125538,3498],{"class":76},[62,125540,7488],{"class":80},[62,125542,29861],{"class":76},[62,125544,125545,125547,125549,125551,125553],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125546,2786],{"class":68},[62,125548,73],{"class":72},[62,125550,77],{"class":76},[62,125552,7488],{"class":80},[62,125554,84],{"class":76},[14,125556,125557],{},"A common rule is:",[29,125559,125560,125563,125566],{},[32,125561,125562],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[32,125564,125565],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[32,125567,125568],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125570,201],{},[53,125572,125574],{"className":55,"code":125573,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125575,125576,125590,125604,125608,125619],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125577,125578,125581,125583,125585,125588],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125579,125580],{"class":68},"text1 ",[62,125582,73],{"class":72},[62,125584,77],{"class":76},[62,125586,125587],{"class":80},"It's working",[62,125589,84],{"class":76},[62,125591,125592,125595,125597,125599,125602],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125593,125594],{"class":68},"text2 ",[62,125596,73],{"class":72},[62,125598,3498],{"class":76},[62,125600,125601],{"class":80},"She said \"hello\"",[62,125603,29861],{"class":76},[62,125605,125606],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,125607,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,125609,125610,125612,125614,125617],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,125611,128],{"class":127},[62,125613,131],{"class":95},[62,125615,125616],{"class":139},"text1",[62,125618,434],{"class":95},[62,125620,125621,125623,125625,125628],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,125622,128],{"class":127},[62,125624,131],{"class":95},[62,125626,125627],{"class":139},"text2",[62,125629,434],{"class":95},[14,125631,125632],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[48,125634,125636],{"id":125635},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125638,125639],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125641,125642],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[53,125644,125646],{"className":55,"code":125645,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125647,125648,125653],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125649,125650],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125651,125652],{"class":146},"# This will cause an error\n",[62,125654,125655],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125656,125657],{"class":146},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125659,125660,125661,35492,125663,125666],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125662,3503],{},[18,125664,125665],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125668,125669],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[53,125671,125673],{"className":55,"code":125672,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125674,125675,125694],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125676,125677,125679,125681,125683,125686,125689,125692],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125678,69],{"class":68},[62,125680,73],{"class":72},[62,125682,3498],{"class":76},[62,125684,125685],{"class":80},"It",[62,125687,125688],{"class":34616},"\\'",[62,125690,125691],{"class":80},"s working",[62,125693,29861],{"class":76},[62,125695,125696,125698,125700,125702],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125697,128],{"class":127},[62,125699,131],{"class":95},[62,125701,140],{"class":139},[62,125703,434],{"class":95},[14,125705,125706],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[53,125708,125710],{"className":55,"code":125709,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125711,125712,125724],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125713,125714,125716,125718,125720,125722],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125715,69],{"class":68},[62,125717,73],{"class":72},[62,125719,77],{"class":76},[62,125721,125587],{"class":80},[62,125723,84],{"class":76},[62,125725,125726,125728,125730,125732],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125727,128],{"class":127},[62,125729,131],{"class":95},[62,125731,140],{"class":139},[62,125733,434],{"class":95},[14,125735,125736],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125738,125739,125740,409],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[262,125741,125743],{"href":125742},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[48,125745,1824],{"id":1823},[14,125747,125748],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1256,125750,90161],{"id":90160},[14,125752,125753],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[53,125755,125757],{"className":55,"code":125756,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125758,125759,125763],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125760,125761],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125762,125652],{"class":146},[62,125764,125765],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125766,125767],{"class":146},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125769,125770,125771,8780,125774,125776],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125772,125773],{},"NameError",[18,125775,718],{}," is not defined.",[14,125778,10979],{},[53,125780,125782],{"className":55,"code":125781,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125783,125784,125796],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125785,125786,125788,125790,125792,125794],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125787,211],{"class":68},[62,125789,73],{"class":72},[62,125791,77],{"class":76},[62,125793,718],{"class":80},[62,125795,84],{"class":76},[62,125797,125798,125800,125802,125804],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125799,128],{"class":127},[62,125801,131],{"class":95},[62,125803,329],{"class":139},[62,125805,434],{"class":95},[1256,125807,125809],{"id":125808},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125811,125812],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[53,125814,125816],{"className":55,"code":125815,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125817,125818,125822],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125819,125820],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125821,125652],{"class":146},[62,125823,125824],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125825,125826],{"class":146},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125828,125829],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[53,125831,125833],{"className":55,"code":125832,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125834,125835,125852,125865,125869,125879],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125836,125837,125839,125841,125843,125845,125847,125850],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125838,125580],{"class":68},[62,125840,73],{"class":72},[62,125842,3498],{"class":76},[62,125844,125685],{"class":80},[62,125846,125688],{"class":34616},[62,125848,125849],{"class":80},"s good",[62,125851,29861],{"class":76},[62,125853,125854,125856,125858,125860,125863],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125855,125594],{"class":68},[62,125857,73],{"class":72},[62,125859,77],{"class":76},[62,125861,125862],{"class":80},"It's good",[62,125864,84],{"class":76},[62,125866,125867],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,125868,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,125870,125871,125873,125875,125877],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,125872,128],{"class":127},[62,125874,131],{"class":95},[62,125876,125616],{"class":139},[62,125878,434],{"class":95},[62,125880,125881,125883,125885,125887],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,125882,128],{"class":127},[62,125884,131],{"class":95},[62,125886,125627],{"class":139},[62,125888,434],{"class":95},[1256,125890,125892],{"id":125891},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125894,125895],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[53,125897,125899],{"className":55,"code":125898,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125900,125901,125913],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125902,125903,125905,125907,125909,125911],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125904,69],{"class":68},[62,125906,73],{"class":72},[62,125908,125256],{"class":76},[62,125910,81],{"class":80},[62,125912,43487],{"class":76},[62,125914,125915,125917,125919,125921],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125916,128],{"class":127},[62,125918,131],{"class":95},[62,125920,140],{"class":139},[62,125922,434],{"class":95},[14,125924,125925],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[53,125927,125929],{"className":55,"code":125928,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125930,125931,125943],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125932,125933,125935,125937,125939,125941],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125934,69],{"class":68},[62,125936,73],{"class":72},[62,125938,77],{"class":76},[62,125940,81],{"class":80},[62,125942,84],{"class":76},[62,125944,125945,125947,125949,125951],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125946,128],{"class":127},[62,125948,131],{"class":95},[62,125950,140],{"class":139},[62,125952,434],{"class":95},[1256,125954,1859,125956,1940,125958,125960],{"id":125955},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,125957,50396],{},[18,125959,50446],{}," are the same type",[14,125962,125963],{},"They are different:",[53,125965,125967],{"className":55,"code":125966,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,125968,125969,125978,125991,125995,126009],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,125970,125971,125974,125976],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,125972,125973],{"class":68},"value1 ",[62,125975,73],{"class":72},[62,125977,124984],{"class":99},[62,125979,125980,125983,125985,125987,125989],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,125981,125982],{"class":68},"value2 ",[62,125984,73],{"class":72},[62,125986,77],{"class":76},[62,125988,50396],{"class":80},[62,125990,84],{"class":76},[62,125992,125993],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,125994,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,125996,125997,125999,126001,126003,126005,126007],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,125998,128],{"class":127},[62,126000,131],{"class":95},[62,126002,1690],{"class":430},[62,126004,131],{"class":95},[62,126006,84717],{"class":139},[62,126008,1013],{"class":95},[62,126010,126011,126013,126015,126017,126019,126022],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,126012,128],{"class":127},[62,126014,131],{"class":95},[62,126016,1690],{"class":430},[62,126018,131],{"class":95},[62,126020,126021],{"class":139},"value2",[62,126023,1013],{"class":95},[14,126025,2282],{},[53,126027,126029],{"className":55,"code":126028,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,126030,126031,126045],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126032,126033,126035,126037,126039,126041,126043],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126034,3492],{"class":72},[62,126036,3495],{"class":2276},[62,126038,3498],{"class":76},[62,126040,2021],{"class":80},[62,126042,3503],{"class":76},[62,126044,3506],{"class":72},[62,126046,126047,126049,126051,126053,126055,126057],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126048,3492],{"class":72},[62,126050,3495],{"class":2276},[62,126052,3498],{"class":76},[62,126054,3646],{"class":80},[62,126056,3503],{"class":76},[62,126058,3506],{"class":72},[1256,126060,126062],{"id":126061},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126064,126065],{},"This causes a type error:",[53,126067,126069],{"className":55,"code":126068,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,126070,126071,126075,126080],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126072,126073],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126074,125652],{"class":146},[62,126076,126077],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126078,126079],{"class":146},"# age = 10\n",[62,126081,126082],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,126083,126084],{"class":146},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126086,126087,126088,267],{},"Fix it with ",[18,126089,47836],{},[53,126091,126093],{"className":55,"code":126092,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,126094,126095,126103,126125,126129],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126096,126097,126099,126101],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126098,21790],{"class":68},[62,126100,73],{"class":72},[62,126102,2791],{"class":99},[62,126104,126105,126107,126109,126111,126113,126115,126117,126119,126121,126123],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126106,89954],{"class":68},[62,126108,73],{"class":72},[62,126110,77],{"class":76},[62,126112,89372],{"class":80},[62,126114,259],{"class":76},[62,126116,2658],{"class":72},[62,126118,1714],{"class":430},[62,126120,131],{"class":95},[62,126122,1073],{"class":139},[62,126124,434],{"class":95},[62,126126,126127],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,126128,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,126130,126131,126133,126135,126137],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,126132,128],{"class":127},[62,126134,131],{"class":95},[62,126136,89971],{"class":139},[62,126138,434],{"class":95},[14,126140,126141,126142,409],{},"For this specific error, see ",[262,126143,90353],{"href":90352},[1256,126145,60656],{"id":60655},[14,126147,126148],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[53,126150,126152],{"className":55,"code":126151,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,126153,126154,126166,126170,126180,126194],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126155,126156,126158,126160,126162,126164],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126157,69],{"class":68},[62,126159,73],{"class":72},[62,126161,77],{"class":76},[62,126163,81],{"class":80},[62,126165,84],{"class":76},[62,126167,126168],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126169,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,126171,126172,126174,126176,126178],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,126173,128],{"class":127},[62,126175,131],{"class":95},[62,126177,140],{"class":139},[62,126179,434],{"class":95},[62,126181,126182,126184,126186,126188,126190,126192],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,126183,128],{"class":127},[62,126185,131],{"class":95},[62,126187,1690],{"class":430},[62,126189,131],{"class":95},[62,126191,140],{"class":139},[62,126193,1013],{"class":95},[62,126195,126196,126198,126200,126202,126204,126206],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,126197,128],{"class":127},[62,126199,131],{"class":95},[62,126201,41931],{"class":127},[62,126203,131],{"class":95},[62,126205,140],{"class":139},[62,126207,1013],{"class":95},[29,126209,126210,126215,126220],{},[32,126211,126212,46430],{},[18,126213,126214],{},"print(text)",[32,126216,126217,46435],{},[18,126218,126219],{},"print(type(text))",[32,126221,126222,126225],{},[18,126223,126224],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[48,126227,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,126229,126231],{"id":126230},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126233,126234,126235,2022,126238,409],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126236,126237],{},"'hello'",[18,126239,64481],{},[1256,126241,126243],{"id":126242},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126245,126246],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1256,126248,126250],{"id":126249},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126252,169,126253,2022,126255,409],{},[18,126254,6467],{},[18,126256,3977],{},[1256,126258,126260],{"id":126259},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126262,169,126263,126265,126266,126268,126269,409],{},[18,126264,47836],{},", like ",[18,126267,80327],{},", which returns ",[18,126270,42278],{},[1256,126272,126274],{"id":126273},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126276,126277],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[48,126279,2109],{"id":2108},[29,126281,126282,126286,126292,126297,126306,126310],{},[32,126283,126284],{},[262,126285,125057],{"href":397},[32,126287,126288],{},[262,126289,3779,126290,3712],{"href":42327},[18,126291,47836],{},[32,126293,126294],{},[262,126295,126296],{"href":123227},"How to convert int to string in Python",[32,126298,126299],{},[262,126300,126302,126303,10912],{"href":126301},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126304,126305],{},"format()",[32,126307,126308],{},[262,126309,125743],{"href":125742},[32,126311,126312],{},[262,126313,90353],{"href":90352},[2145,126315,126316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":126318},[126319,126320,126321,126322,126323,126324,126325,126326,126327,126336,126343],{"id":15329,"depth":87,"text":15330},{"id":124896,"depth":87,"text":124897},{"id":125060,"depth":87,"text":125061},{"id":125135,"depth":87,"text":125136},{"id":125235,"depth":87,"text":125236},{"id":125340,"depth":87,"text":125341},{"id":125518,"depth":87,"text":125519},{"id":125635,"depth":87,"text":125636},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":126328},[126329,126330,126331,126332,126334,126335],{"id":90160,"depth":117,"text":90161},{"id":125808,"depth":117,"text":125809},{"id":125891,"depth":117,"text":125892},{"id":125955,"depth":117,"text":126333},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126061,"depth":117,"text":126062},{"id":60655,"depth":117,"text":60656},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":126337},[126338,126339,126340,126341,126342],{"id":126230,"depth":117,"text":126231},{"id":126242,"depth":117,"text":126243},{"id":126249,"depth":117,"text":126250},{"id":126259,"depth":117,"text":126260},{"id":126273,"depth":117,"text":126274},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124758,"description":126344},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126351,"title":126352,"body":126353,"description":128267,"extension":2174,"meta":128268,"navigation":120,"path":128269,"seo":128270,"stem":128271,"__hash__":128272},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126354,"toc":128228},[126355,126361,126366,126374,126376,126443,126445,126457,126466,126471,126475,126492,126494,126559,126561,126573,126578,126580,126608,126629,126632,126671,126673,126681,126685,126689,126693,126701,126704,126745,126747,126755,126758,126815,126817,126825,126829,126834,126878,126880,126888,126897,126901,126906,126954,126956,126964,126970,126972,126976,126988,126993,127072,127074,127094,127098,127102,127142,127144,127152,127156,127199,127201,127209,127213,127253,127255,127263,127267,127323,127325,127333,127339,127341,127345,127355,127422,127424,127437,127444,127487,127489,127497,127501,127504,127560,127562,127570,127573,127575,127652,127654,127662,127671,127673,127677,127681,127683,127705,127708,127755,127759,127798,127800,127808,127810,127852,127859,127864,127926,127928,127940,127946,127951,128000,128002,128021,128027,128029,128048,128050,128141,128143,128149,128156,128162,128168,128173,128182,128189,128197,128199,128225],[10,126356,123302,126358,11494],{"id":126357},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126359,126360],{},"endswith()",[14,126362,123307,126363,126365],{},[18,126364,126360],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126367,126368,126369,2022,126371,126373],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126370,3808],{},[18,126372,2098],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[48,126375,51],{"id":50},[53,126377,126379],{"className":55,"code":126378,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126380,126381,126395,126420],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126382,126383,126386,126388,126390,126393],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126384,126385],{"class":68},"filename ",[62,126387,73],{"class":72},[62,126389,77],{"class":76},[62,126391,126392],{"class":80},"report.csv",[62,126394,84],{"class":76},[62,126396,126397,126399,126401,126404,126406,126409,126411,126413,126416,126418],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126398,128],{"class":127},[62,126400,131],{"class":95},[62,126402,126403],{"class":139},"filename",[62,126405,409],{"class":95},[62,126407,126408],{"class":139},"endswith",[62,126410,131],{"class":95},[62,126412,259],{"class":76},[62,126414,126415],{"class":80},".csv",[62,126417,259],{"class":76},[62,126419,1013],{"class":95},[62,126421,126422,126424,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434,126436,126439,126441],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,126423,128],{"class":127},[62,126425,131],{"class":95},[62,126427,126403],{"class":139},[62,126429,409],{"class":95},[62,126431,126408],{"class":139},[62,126433,131],{"class":95},[62,126435,259],{"class":76},[62,126437,126438],{"class":80},".txt",[62,126440,259],{"class":76},[62,126442,1013],{"class":95},[14,126444,2282],{},[53,126446,126447],{"className":55,"code":44325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,126448,126449,126453],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126450,126451],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126452,4179],{"class":1618},[62,126454,126455],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126456,4240],{"class":1618},[14,126458,169,126459,5567,126461,2022,126463,126465],{},[18,126460,126360],{},[18,126462,3808],{},[18,126464,2098],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[48,126467,3879,126469,3882],{"id":126468},"what-endswith-does",[18,126470,126360],{},[14,126472,126473,267],{},[18,126474,126360],{},[29,126476,126477,126480,126486,126489],{},[32,126478,126479],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[32,126481,11596,126482,2022,126484],{},[18,126483,3808],{},[18,126485,2098],{},[32,126487,126488],{},"Does not change the original string",[32,126490,126491],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126493,201],{},[53,126495,126497],{"className":55,"code":126496,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126498,126499,126511,126515,126537],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126500,126501,126503,126505,126507,126509],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126502,69],{"class":68},[62,126504,73],{"class":72},[62,126506,77],{"class":76},[62,126508,60352],{"class":80},[62,126510,84],{"class":76},[62,126512,126513],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126514,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,126516,126517,126519,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529,126531,126533,126535],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,126518,128],{"class":127},[62,126520,131],{"class":95},[62,126522,140],{"class":139},[62,126524,409],{"class":95},[62,126526,126408],{"class":139},[62,126528,131],{"class":95},[62,126530,259],{"class":76},[62,126532,60537],{"class":80},[62,126534,259],{"class":76},[62,126536,1013],{"class":95},[62,126538,126539,126541,126543,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553,126555,126557],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,126540,128],{"class":127},[62,126542,131],{"class":95},[62,126544,140],{"class":139},[62,126546,409],{"class":95},[62,126548,126408],{"class":139},[62,126550,131],{"class":95},[62,126552,259],{"class":76},[62,126554,81],{"class":80},[62,126556,259],{"class":76},[62,126558,1013],{"class":95},[14,126560,2282],{},[53,126562,126563],{"className":55,"code":44325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,126564,126565,126569],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126566,126567],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126568,4179],{"class":1618},[62,126570,126571],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126572,4240],{"class":1618},[14,126574,126575,126576,409],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[262,126577,125057],{"href":397},[48,126579,413],{"id":412},[53,126581,126583],{"className":55,"code":126582,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126584,126585],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126586,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126598,126600,126602,126604,126606],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126588,61120],{"class":68},[62,126590,409],{"class":95},[62,126592,126408],{"class":139},[62,126594,131],{"class":95},[62,126596,126597],{"class":139},"suffix",[62,126599,103],{"class":95},[62,126601,36214],{"class":139},[62,126603,103],{"class":95},[62,126605,64987],{"class":139},[62,126607,434],{"class":95},[29,126609,126610,126615,126622],{},[32,126611,126612,126614],{},[18,126613,126597],{}," is required",[32,126616,126617,1940,126619,126621],{},[18,126618,36235],{},[18,126620,52604],{}," are optional",[32,126623,126624,1940,126626,126628],{},[18,126625,36235],{},[18,126627,52604],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126630,126631],{},"Basic example:",[53,126633,126635],{"className":55,"code":126634,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126636,126637,126649],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126638,126639,126641,126643,126645,126647],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126640,126385],{"class":68},[62,126642,73],{"class":72},[62,126644,77],{"class":76},[62,126646,86842],{"class":80},[62,126648,84],{"class":76},[62,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126652,128],{"class":127},[62,126654,131],{"class":95},[62,126656,126403],{"class":139},[62,126658,409],{"class":95},[62,126660,126408],{"class":139},[62,126662,131],{"class":95},[62,126664,259],{"class":76},[62,126666,126438],{"class":80},[62,126668,259],{"class":76},[62,126670,1013],{"class":95},[14,126672,2282],{},[53,126674,126675],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,126676,126677],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126678,126679],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126680,4179],{"class":1618},[48,126682,126684],{"id":126683},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1256,126686,126687],{"id":126597},[18,126688,126597],{},[14,126690,126691,30912],{},[18,126692,126597],{},[29,126694,126695,126698],{},[32,126696,126697],{},"A single string",[32,126699,126700],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126702,126703],{},"Single suffix:",[53,126705,126707],{"className":55,"code":126706,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126708,126709,126722],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126710,126711,126713,126715,126717,126720],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126712,211],{"class":68},[62,126714,73],{"class":72},[62,126716,77],{"class":76},[62,126718,126719],{"class":80},"image.png",[62,126721,84],{"class":76},[62,126723,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734,126736,126738,126741,126743],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126725,128],{"class":127},[62,126727,131],{"class":95},[62,126729,329],{"class":139},[62,126731,409],{"class":95},[62,126733,126408],{"class":139},[62,126735,131],{"class":95},[62,126737,259],{"class":76},[62,126739,126740],{"class":80},".png",[62,126742,259],{"class":76},[62,126744,1013],{"class":95},[14,126746,2282],{},[53,126748,126749],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,126750,126751],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126752,126753],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126754,4179],{"class":1618},[14,126756,126757],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[53,126759,126761],{"className":55,"code":126760,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126762,126763,126775],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126764,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126766,211],{"class":68},[62,126768,73],{"class":72},[62,126770,77],{"class":76},[62,126772,126719],{"class":80},[62,126774,84],{"class":76},[62,126776,126777,126779,126781,126783,126785,126787,126789,126791,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802,126804,126806,126808,126811,126813],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126778,128],{"class":127},[62,126780,131],{"class":95},[62,126782,329],{"class":139},[62,126784,409],{"class":95},[62,126786,126408],{"class":139},[62,126788,524],{"class":95},[62,126790,259],{"class":76},[62,126792,126793],{"class":80},".jpg",[62,126795,259],{"class":76},[62,126797,103],{"class":95},[62,126799,77],{"class":76},[62,126801,126740],{"class":80},[62,126803,259],{"class":76},[62,126805,103],{"class":95},[62,126807,77],{"class":76},[62,126809,126810],{"class":80},".gif",[62,126812,259],{"class":76},[62,126814,3115],{"class":95},[14,126816,2282],{},[53,126818,126819],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,126820,126821],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126822,126823],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126824,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,126826,126827],{"id":36235},[18,126828,36235],{},[14,126830,126831,126833],{},[18,126832,36235],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[53,126835,126837],{"className":55,"code":126836,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126838,126839,126852],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126840,126841,126843,126845,126847,126850],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126842,69],{"class":68},[62,126844,73],{"class":72},[62,126846,77],{"class":76},[62,126848,126849],{"class":80},"my_report.csv",[62,126851,84],{"class":76},[62,126853,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126874,126876],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126855,128],{"class":127},[62,126857,131],{"class":95},[62,126859,140],{"class":139},[62,126861,409],{"class":95},[62,126863,126408],{"class":139},[62,126865,131],{"class":95},[62,126867,259],{"class":76},[62,126869,126415],{"class":80},[62,126871,259],{"class":76},[62,126873,103],{"class":95},[62,126875,508],{"class":99},[62,126877,1013],{"class":95},[14,126879,2282],{},[53,126881,126882],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,126883,126884],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126885,126886],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126887,4179],{"class":1618},[14,126889,126890,126891,126893,126894,409],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,126892,2273],{}," onward, which is ",[18,126895,126896],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1256,126898,126899],{"id":52604},[18,126900,52604],{},[14,126902,126903,126905],{},[18,126904,52604],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[53,126907,126909],{"className":55,"code":126908,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,126910,126911,126924],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126912,126913,126915,126917,126919,126922],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126914,69],{"class":68},[62,126916,73],{"class":72},[62,126918,77],{"class":76},[62,126920,126921],{"class":80},"report.csv backup",[62,126923,84],{"class":76},[62,126925,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942,126944,126946,126948,126950,126952],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,126927,128],{"class":127},[62,126929,131],{"class":95},[62,126931,140],{"class":139},[62,126933,409],{"class":95},[62,126935,126408],{"class":139},[62,126937,131],{"class":95},[62,126939,259],{"class":76},[62,126941,126415],{"class":80},[62,126943,259],{"class":76},[62,126945,103],{"class":95},[62,126947,1228],{"class":99},[62,126949,103],{"class":95},[62,126951,6200],{"class":99},[62,126953,1013],{"class":95},[14,126955,2282],{},[53,126957,126958],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,126959,126960],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126961,126962],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,126963,4179],{"class":1618},[14,126965,126966,126967,126969],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,126968,126896],{}," and ignores the rest.",[48,126971,17584],{"id":17583},[14,126973,126974,25669],{},[18,126975,126360],{},[29,126977,126978,126983],{},[32,126979,126980,126982],{},[18,126981,3808],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[32,126984,126985,126987],{},[18,126986,2098],{}," if it does not",[14,126989,126990,126991,7363],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,126992,730],{},[53,126994,126996],{"className":55,"code":126995,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,126997,126998,127011,127015,127036,127051,127057],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,126999,127000,127002,127004,127006,127009],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127001,126385],{"class":68},[62,127003,73],{"class":72},[62,127005,77],{"class":76},[62,127007,127008],{"class":80},"data.csv",[62,127010,84],{"class":76},[62,127012,127013],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127014,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,127016,127017,127019,127022,127024,127026,127028,127030,127032,127034],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,127018,730],{"class":729},[62,127020,127021],{"class":68}," filename",[62,127023,409],{"class":95},[62,127025,126408],{"class":139},[62,127027,131],{"class":95},[62,127029,259],{"class":76},[62,127031,126415],{"class":80},[62,127033,259],{"class":76},[62,127035,8521],{"class":95},[62,127037,127038,127040,127042,127044,127047,127049],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,127039,754],{"class":127},[62,127041,131],{"class":95},[62,127043,259],{"class":76},[62,127045,127046],{"class":80},"This is a CSV file.",[62,127048,259],{"class":76},[62,127050,434],{"class":95},[62,127052,127053,127055],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,127054,1431],{"class":729},[62,127056,749],{"class":95},[62,127058,127059,127061,127063,127065,127068,127070],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,127060,754],{"class":127},[62,127062,131],{"class":95},[62,127064,259],{"class":76},[62,127066,127067],{"class":80},"This is not a CSV file.",[62,127069,259],{"class":76},[62,127071,434],{"class":95},[14,127073,2282],{},[53,127075,127077],{"className":55,"code":127076,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,127078,127079],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127080,127081,127083,127085,127087,127090,127092],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127082,50029],{"class":68},[62,127084,1791],{"class":72},[62,127086,44696],{"class":68},[62,127088,127089],{"class":34616},"CSV",[62,127091,86583],{"class":86582},[62,127093,122334],{"class":95},[48,127095,127097],{"id":127096},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1256,127099,127101],{"id":127100},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[53,127103,127105],{"className":55,"code":127104,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127106,127107,127120],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127108,127109,127111,127113,127115,127118],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127110,126385],{"class":68},[62,127112,73],{"class":72},[62,127114,77],{"class":76},[62,127116,127117],{"class":80},"sales.csv",[62,127119,84],{"class":76},[62,127121,127122,127124,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127123,128],{"class":127},[62,127125,131],{"class":95},[62,127127,126403],{"class":139},[62,127129,409],{"class":95},[62,127131,126408],{"class":139},[62,127133,131],{"class":95},[62,127135,259],{"class":76},[62,127137,126415],{"class":80},[62,127139,259],{"class":76},[62,127141,1013],{"class":95},[14,127143,2282],{},[53,127145,127146],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127147,127148],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127149,127150],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127151,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,127153,127155],{"id":127154},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[53,127157,127159],{"className":55,"code":127158,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,127160,127161,127175],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127162,127163,127166,127168,127170,127173],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127164,127165],{"class":68},"url ",[62,127167,73],{"class":72},[62,127169,77],{"class":76},[62,127171,127172],{"class":80},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[62,127174,84],{"class":76},[62,127176,127177,127179,127181,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127195,127197],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127178,128],{"class":127},[62,127180,131],{"class":95},[62,127182,127183],{"class":139},"url",[62,127185,409],{"class":95},[62,127187,126408],{"class":139},[62,127189,131],{"class":95},[62,127191,259],{"class":76},[62,127193,127194],{"class":80},"\u002F",[62,127196,259],{"class":76},[62,127198,1013],{"class":95},[14,127200,2282],{},[53,127202,127203],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127204,127205],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127206,127207],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127208,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,127210,127212],{"id":127211},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[53,127214,127216],{"className":55,"code":127215,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,127217,127218,127231],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127219,127220,127222,127224,127226,127229],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127221,89954],{"class":68},[62,127223,73],{"class":72},[62,127225,77],{"class":76},[62,127227,127228],{"class":80},"Hello!",[62,127230,84],{"class":76},[62,127232,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243,127245,127247,127249,127251],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127234,128],{"class":127},[62,127236,131],{"class":95},[62,127238,89971],{"class":139},[62,127240,409],{"class":95},[62,127242,126408],{"class":139},[62,127244,131],{"class":95},[62,127246,259],{"class":76},[62,127248,89795],{"class":80},[62,127250,259],{"class":76},[62,127252,1013],{"class":95},[14,127254,2282],{},[53,127256,127257],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127258,127259],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127260,127261],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127262,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,127264,127266],{"id":127265},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[53,127268,127270],{"className":55,"code":127269,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127271,127272,127285],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127273,127274,127276,127278,127280,127283],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127275,126385],{"class":68},[62,127277,73],{"class":72},[62,127279,77],{"class":76},[62,127281,127282],{"class":80},"photo.jpg",[62,127284,84],{"class":76},[62,127286,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127309,127311,127313,127315,127317,127319,127321],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127288,128],{"class":127},[62,127290,131],{"class":95},[62,127292,126403],{"class":139},[62,127294,409],{"class":95},[62,127296,126408],{"class":139},[62,127298,524],{"class":95},[62,127300,259],{"class":76},[62,127302,126793],{"class":80},[62,127304,259],{"class":76},[62,127306,103],{"class":95},[62,127308,77],{"class":76},[62,127310,126740],{"class":80},[62,127312,259],{"class":76},[62,127314,103],{"class":95},[62,127316,77],{"class":76},[62,127318,126810],{"class":80},[62,127320,259],{"class":76},[62,127322,3115],{"class":95},[14,127324,2282],{},[53,127326,127327],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127328,127329],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127330,127331],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127332,4179],{"class":1618},[14,127334,127335,127336,409],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[262,127337,127338],{"href":123557},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[48,127340,123949],{"id":123948},[14,127342,127343,123760],{},[18,127344,126360],{},[14,127346,127347,127348,1940,127351,127354],{},"That means ",[18,127349,127350],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127352,127353],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[53,127356,127358],{"className":55,"code":127357,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127359,127360,127373,127377,127399],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127361,127362,127364,127366,127368,127371],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127363,126385],{"class":68},[62,127365,73],{"class":72},[62,127367,77],{"class":76},[62,127369,127370],{"class":80},"REPORT.CSV",[62,127372,84],{"class":76},[62,127374,127375],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127376,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,127378,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,127380,128],{"class":127},[62,127382,131],{"class":95},[62,127384,126403],{"class":139},[62,127386,409],{"class":95},[62,127388,126408],{"class":139},[62,127390,131],{"class":95},[62,127392,259],{"class":76},[62,127394,126415],{"class":80},[62,127396,259],{"class":76},[62,127398,1013],{"class":95},[62,127400,127401,127403,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127418,127420],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,127402,128],{"class":127},[62,127404,131],{"class":95},[62,127406,126403],{"class":139},[62,127408,409],{"class":95},[62,127410,126408],{"class":139},[62,127412,131],{"class":95},[62,127414,259],{"class":76},[62,127416,127417],{"class":80},".CSV",[62,127419,259],{"class":76},[62,127421,1013],{"class":95},[14,127423,2282],{},[53,127425,127427],{"className":55,"code":127426,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127428,127429,127433],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127430,127431],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127432,4240],{"class":1618},[62,127434,127435],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127436,4179],{"class":1618},[14,127438,127439,127440,409],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[262,127441,127442],{"href":124029},[18,127443,124032],{},[53,127445,127447],{"className":55,"code":127446,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127448,127449,127461],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127450,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127452,126385],{"class":68},[62,127454,73],{"class":72},[62,127456,77],{"class":76},[62,127458,127370],{"class":80},[62,127460,84],{"class":76},[62,127462,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475,127477,127479,127481,127483,127485],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127464,128],{"class":127},[62,127466,131],{"class":95},[62,127468,126403],{"class":139},[62,127470,409],{"class":95},[62,127472,8819],{"class":139},[62,127474,8816],{"class":95},[62,127476,126408],{"class":139},[62,127478,131],{"class":95},[62,127480,259],{"class":76},[62,127482,126415],{"class":80},[62,127484,259],{"class":76},[62,127486,1013],{"class":95},[14,127488,2282],{},[53,127490,127491],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127492,127493],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127494,127495],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127496,4179],{"class":1618},[48,127498,127500],{"id":127499},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127502,127503],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[53,127505,127507],{"className":55,"code":127506,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127508,127509,127522],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127510,127511,127513,127515,127517,127520],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127512,126385],{"class":68},[62,127514,73],{"class":72},[62,127516,77],{"class":76},[62,127518,127519],{"class":80},"picture.gif",[62,127521,84],{"class":76},[62,127523,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127525,128],{"class":127},[62,127527,131],{"class":95},[62,127529,126403],{"class":139},[62,127531,409],{"class":95},[62,127533,126408],{"class":139},[62,127535,524],{"class":95},[62,127537,259],{"class":76},[62,127539,126793],{"class":80},[62,127541,259],{"class":76},[62,127543,103],{"class":95},[62,127545,77],{"class":76},[62,127547,126740],{"class":80},[62,127549,259],{"class":76},[62,127551,103],{"class":95},[62,127553,77],{"class":76},[62,127555,126810],{"class":80},[62,127557,259],{"class":76},[62,127559,3115],{"class":95},[14,127561,2282],{},[53,127563,127564],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127565,127566],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127567,127568],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127569,4179],{"class":1618},[14,127571,127572],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127574,1578],{},[53,127576,127578],{"className":55,"code":127577,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127579,127580,127593,127628,127632],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127581,127582,127585,127587,127589,127591],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127583,127584],{"class":68},"document ",[62,127586,73],{"class":72},[62,127588,77],{"class":76},[62,127590,86842],{"class":80},[62,127592,84],{"class":76},[62,127594,127595,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127615,127617,127619,127621,127624,127626],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127596,127597],{"class":68},"allowed ",[62,127599,73],{"class":72},[62,127601,854],{"class":95},[62,127603,259],{"class":76},[62,127605,126438],{"class":80},[62,127607,259],{"class":76},[62,127609,103],{"class":95},[62,127611,77],{"class":76},[62,127613,127614],{"class":80},".md",[62,127616,259],{"class":76},[62,127618,103],{"class":95},[62,127620,77],{"class":76},[62,127622,127623],{"class":80},".docx",[62,127625,259],{"class":76},[62,127627,434],{"class":95},[62,127629,127630],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,127631,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,127633,127634,127636,127638,127641,127643,127645,127647,127650],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,127635,128],{"class":127},[62,127637,131],{"class":95},[62,127639,127640],{"class":139},"document",[62,127642,409],{"class":95},[62,127644,126408],{"class":139},[62,127646,131],{"class":95},[62,127648,127649],{"class":139},"allowed",[62,127651,1013],{"class":95},[14,127653,2282],{},[53,127655,127656],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127657,127658],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127659,127660],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127661,4179],{"class":1618},[14,127663,127664,127665,409],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[262,127666,126302,127668,10912],{"href":127667},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127669,127670],{},"startswith()",[48,127672,1824],{"id":1823},[14,127674,8625,127675,409],{},[18,127676,126360],{},[1256,127678,127680],{"id":127679},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127682,4725],{},[53,127684,127686],{"className":55,"code":127685,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127687,127688,127700],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127689,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127691,126385],{"class":68},[62,127693,73],{"class":72},[62,127695,77],{"class":76},[62,127697,127282],{"class":80},[62,127699,84],{"class":76},[62,127701,127702],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127703,127704],{"class":146},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127706,127707],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[53,127709,127711],{"className":55,"code":127710,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127712,127713,127725],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127714,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127716,126385],{"class":68},[62,127718,73],{"class":72},[62,127720,77],{"class":76},[62,127722,127282],{"class":80},[62,127724,84],{"class":76},[62,127726,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751,127753],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127728,128],{"class":127},[62,127730,131],{"class":95},[62,127732,126403],{"class":139},[62,127734,409],{"class":95},[62,127736,126408],{"class":139},[62,127738,524],{"class":95},[62,127740,259],{"class":76},[62,127742,126793],{"class":80},[62,127744,259],{"class":76},[62,127746,103],{"class":95},[62,127748,77],{"class":76},[62,127750,126740],{"class":80},[62,127752,259],{"class":76},[62,127754,3115],{"class":95},[1256,127756,127758],{"id":127757},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[53,127760,127762],{"className":55,"code":127761,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127763,127764,127776],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127765,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127767,126385],{"class":68},[62,127769,73],{"class":72},[62,127771,77],{"class":76},[62,127773,127370],{"class":80},[62,127775,84],{"class":76},[62,127777,127778,127780,127782,127784,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127779,128],{"class":127},[62,127781,131],{"class":95},[62,127783,126403],{"class":139},[62,127785,409],{"class":95},[62,127787,126408],{"class":139},[62,127789,131],{"class":95},[62,127791,259],{"class":76},[62,127793,126415],{"class":80},[62,127795,259],{"class":76},[62,127797,1013],{"class":95},[14,127799,2282],{},[53,127801,127802],{"className":55,"code":4240,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127803,127804],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127805,127806],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127807,4240],{"class":1618},[14,127809,39415],{},[53,127811,127812],{"className":55,"code":127446,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127813,127814,127826],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127815,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127817,126385],{"class":68},[62,127819,73],{"class":72},[62,127821,77],{"class":76},[62,127823,127370],{"class":80},[62,127825,84],{"class":76},[62,127827,127828,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844,127846,127848,127850],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127829,128],{"class":127},[62,127831,131],{"class":95},[62,127833,126403],{"class":139},[62,127835,409],{"class":95},[62,127837,8819],{"class":139},[62,127839,8816],{"class":95},[62,127841,126408],{"class":139},[62,127843,131],{"class":95},[62,127845,259],{"class":76},[62,127847,126415],{"class":80},[62,127849,259],{"class":76},[62,127851,1013],{"class":95},[1256,127853,37366,127855,8884,127857],{"id":127854},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127856,126360],{},[18,127858,4082],{},[14,127860,127861,127863],{},[18,127862,126360],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[53,127865,127867],{"className":55,"code":127866,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127868,127869,127882,127886,127908],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127870,127871,127873,127875,127877,127880],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127872,69],{"class":68},[62,127874,73],{"class":72},[62,127876,77],{"class":76},[62,127878,127879],{"class":80},"my_report.csv.backup",[62,127881,84],{"class":76},[62,127883,127884],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127885,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,127887,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,127889,128],{"class":127},[62,127891,131],{"class":95},[62,127893,140],{"class":139},[62,127895,409],{"class":95},[62,127897,126408],{"class":139},[62,127899,131],{"class":95},[62,127901,259],{"class":76},[62,127903,126415],{"class":80},[62,127905,259],{"class":76},[62,127907,1013],{"class":95},[62,127909,127910,127912,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,127911,128],{"class":127},[62,127913,131],{"class":95},[62,127915,259],{"class":76},[62,127917,126415],{"class":80},[62,127919,259],{"class":76},[62,127921,21336],{"class":729},[62,127923,42992],{"class":139},[62,127925,434],{"class":95},[14,127927,2282],{},[53,127929,127930],{"className":55,"code":127426,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,127931,127932,127936],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127933,127934],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127935,4240],{"class":1618},[62,127937,127938],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127939,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,127941,8631,127943,127945],{"id":127942},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,127944,126360],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127947,127948,127950],{},[18,127949,126360],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[53,127952,127954],{"className":55,"code":127953,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,127955,127956,127968,127990],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,127957,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,127959,126385],{"class":68},[62,127961,73],{"class":72},[62,127963,77],{"class":76},[62,127965,126392],{"class":80},[62,127967,84],{"class":76},[62,127969,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,127971,128],{"class":127},[62,127973,131],{"class":95},[62,127975,126403],{"class":139},[62,127977,409],{"class":95},[62,127979,126408],{"class":139},[62,127981,131],{"class":95},[62,127983,259],{"class":76},[62,127985,126415],{"class":80},[62,127987,259],{"class":76},[62,127989,1013],{"class":95},[62,127991,127992,127994,127996,127998],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,127993,128],{"class":127},[62,127995,131],{"class":95},[62,127997,126403],{"class":139},[62,127999,434],{"class":95},[14,128001,2282],{},[53,128003,128005],{"className":55,"code":128004,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,128006,128007,128011],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,128008,128009],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,128010,4179],{"class":1618},[62,128012,128013,128016,128018],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,128014,128015],{"class":68},"report",[62,128017,409],{"class":95},[62,128019,128020],{"class":24910},"csv\n",[14,128022,128023,128024,409],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[262,128025,128026],{"href":124470},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128028,66010],{},[29,128030,128031,128034,128037,128040],{},[32,128032,128033],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[32,128035,128036],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[32,128038,128039],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[32,128041,1834,128042,44781,128044,2022,128046,111499],{},[18,128043,126360],{},[18,128045,124473],{},[18,128047,41805],{},[14,128049,30297],{},[53,128051,128053],{"className":55,"code":128052,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,128054,128055,128065,128079,128101,128127],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,128056,128057,128059,128061,128063],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,128058,128],{"class":127},[62,128060,131],{"class":95},[62,128062,140],{"class":139},[62,128064,434],{"class":95},[62,128066,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,128068,128],{"class":127},[62,128070,131],{"class":95},[62,128072,41931],{"class":127},[62,128074,131],{"class":95},[62,128076,140],{"class":139},[62,128078,1013],{"class":95},[62,128080,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,128082,128],{"class":127},[62,128084,131],{"class":95},[62,128086,140],{"class":139},[62,128088,409],{"class":95},[62,128090,126408],{"class":139},[62,128092,131],{"class":95},[62,128094,3503],{"class":76},[62,128096,126415],{"class":80},[62,128098,3503],{"class":76},[62,128100,1013],{"class":95},[62,128102,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,128104,128],{"class":127},[62,128106,131],{"class":95},[62,128108,140],{"class":139},[62,128110,409],{"class":95},[62,128112,8819],{"class":139},[62,128114,8816],{"class":95},[62,128116,126408],{"class":139},[62,128118,131],{"class":95},[62,128120,3503],{"class":76},[62,128122,126415],{"class":80},[62,128124,3503],{"class":76},[62,128126,1013],{"class":95},[62,128128,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,128130,128],{"class":127},[62,128132,131],{"class":95},[62,128134,1690],{"class":430},[62,128136,131],{"class":95},[62,128138,140],{"class":139},[62,128140,1013],{"class":95},[48,128142,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,128144,12875,128146,128148],{"id":128145},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,128147,126360],{}," change the string?",[14,128150,128151,128152,2022,128154,409],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,128153,3808],{},[18,128155,2098],{},[1256,128157,5368,128159,128161],{"id":128158},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,128160,126360],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128163,128164,128165,409],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,128166,128167],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1256,128169,15070,128171,124638],{"id":128170},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,128172,126360],{},[14,128174,128175,128176,2022,128178,128181],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,128177,124032],{},[18,128179,128180],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1256,128183,5378,128185,1940,128187,632],{"id":128184},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,128186,126360],{},[18,128188,124297],{},[14,128190,128191,128193,128194,128196],{},[18,128192,126360],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,128195,124297],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[48,128198,2109],{"id":2108},[29,128200,128201,128207,128213,128217,128221],{},[32,128202,128203],{},[262,128204,126302,128205,10912],{"href":127667},[18,128206,127670],{},[32,128208,128209],{},[262,128210,126302,128211,10912],{"href":124029},[18,128212,124032],{},[32,128214,128215],{},[262,128216,124701],{"href":123557},[32,128218,128219],{},[262,128220,124708],{"href":124470},[32,128222,128223],{},[262,128224,125057],{"href":397},[2145,128226,128227],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":128229},[128230,128231,128233,128234,128239,128240,128246,128247,128248,128256,128266],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":126468,"depth":87,"text":128232},"What endswith() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":126683,"depth":87,"text":126684,"children":128235},[128236,128237,128238],{"id":126597,"depth":117,"text":126597},{"id":36235,"depth":117,"text":36235},{"id":52604,"depth":117,"text":52604},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":127096,"depth":87,"text":127097,"children":128241},[128242,128243,128244,128245],{"id":127100,"depth":117,"text":127101},{"id":127154,"depth":117,"text":127155},{"id":127211,"depth":117,"text":127212},{"id":127265,"depth":117,"text":127266},{"id":123948,"depth":87,"text":123949},{"id":127499,"depth":87,"text":127500},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":128249},[128250,128251,128252,128254],{"id":127679,"depth":117,"text":127680},{"id":127757,"depth":117,"text":127758},{"id":127854,"depth":117,"text":128253},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127942,"depth":117,"text":128255},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":128257},[128258,128260,128262,128264],{"id":128145,"depth":117,"text":128259},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128158,"depth":117,"text":128261},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128170,"depth":117,"text":128263},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128184,"depth":117,"text":128265},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126352,"description":128267},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128274,"title":128275,"body":128276,"description":129944,"extension":2174,"meta":129945,"navigation":120,"path":129946,"seo":129947,"stem":129948,"__hash__":129949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128277,"toc":129917},[128278,128283,128288,128293,128298,128391,128401,128406,128411,128426,128428,128510,128518,128520,128522,128549,128551,128567,128574,128576,128684,128686,128691,128707,128709,128804,128812,128815,128821,128826,128831,128838,128977,128980,128993,128995,128999,129006,129076,129079,129128,129135,129142,129156,129161,129166,129212,129258,129274,129276,129281,129295,129298,129420,129425,129427,129432,129465,129468,129544,129546,129555,129569,129572,129656,129659,129770,129773,129801,129803,129810,129814,129820,129823,129829,129832,129839,129850,129856,129863,129865,129914],[10,128279,123302,128281,11494],{"id":128280},"python-string-find-method",[18,128282,124297],{},[14,128284,123307,128285,128287],{},[18,128286,124297],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128289,128290,128291,409],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128292,65801],{},[14,128294,169,128295,128297],{},[18,128296,124297],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[53,128299,128301],{"className":55,"code":128300,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128302,128303,128315,128338,128351,128355,128378],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,128304,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,128306,69],{"class":68},[62,128308,73],{"class":72},[62,128310,77],{"class":76},[62,128312,60352],{"class":80},[62,128314,84],{"class":76},[62,128316,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,128318,64866],{"class":68},[62,128320,73],{"class":72},[62,128322,42992],{"class":68},[62,128324,409],{"class":95},[62,128326,128327],{"class":139},"find",[62,128329,131],{"class":95},[62,128331,259],{"class":76},[62,128333,60537],{"class":80},[62,128335,259],{"class":76},[62,128337,434],{"class":95},[62,128339,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,128341,128],{"class":127},[62,128343,131],{"class":95},[62,128345,64893],{"class":139},[62,128347,741],{"class":95},[62,128349,128350],{"class":146},"   # 6\n",[62,128352,128353],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,128354,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,128356,128357,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,128358,128359],{"class":68},"missing ",[62,128361,73],{"class":72},[62,128363,42992],{"class":68},[62,128365,409],{"class":95},[62,128367,128327],{"class":139},[62,128369,131],{"class":95},[62,128371,259],{"class":76},[62,128373,57],{"class":80},[62,128375,259],{"class":76},[62,128377,434],{"class":95},[62,128379,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,128381,128],{"class":127},[62,128383,131],{"class":95},[62,128385,26934],{"class":139},[62,128387,741],{"class":95},[62,128389,128390],{"class":146},"    # -1\n",[43731,128392,128393],{},[14,128394,169,128395,128397,128398,128400],{},[18,128396,124297],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128399,65801],{}," if the substring is not found.",[48,128402,3879,128404,3882],{"id":128403},"what-find-does",[18,128405,124297],{},[14,128407,128408,128410],{},[18,128409,124297],{}," is a string method that:",[29,128412,128413,128416,128419,128424],{},[32,128414,128415],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[32,128417,128418],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[32,128420,11596,128421,128423],{},[18,128422,65801],{}," if no match is found",[32,128425,126488],{},[14,128427,201],{},[53,128429,128431],{"className":55,"code":128430,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128432,128433,128445,128449,128473,128497],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,128434,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,128436,69],{"class":68},[62,128438,73],{"class":72},[62,128440,77],{"class":76},[62,128442,910],{"class":80},[62,128444,84],{"class":76},[62,128446,128447],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,128448,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,128450,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,128452,128],{"class":127},[62,128454,131],{"class":95},[62,128456,140],{"class":139},[62,128458,409],{"class":95},[62,128460,128327],{"class":139},[62,128462,131],{"class":95},[62,128464,259],{"class":76},[62,128466,123395],{"class":80},[62,128468,259],{"class":76},[62,128470,143],{"class":95},[62,128472,57590],{"class":146},[62,128474,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,128476,128],{"class":127},[62,128478,131],{"class":95},[62,128480,140],{"class":139},[62,128482,409],{"class":95},[62,128484,128327],{"class":139},[62,128486,131],{"class":95},[62,128488,259],{"class":76},[62,128490,552],{"class":80},[62,128492,259],{"class":76},[62,128494,143],{"class":95},[62,128496,128390],{"class":146},[62,128498,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,128500,128],{"class":127},[62,128502,131],{"class":95},[62,128504,140],{"class":139},[62,128506,741],{"class":95},[62,128508,128509],{"class":146},"              # banana\n",[14,128511,20933,128512,128515,128516,409],{},[18,128513,128514],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128517,1935],{},[48,128519,413],{"id":412},[14,128521,416],{},[53,128523,128525],{"className":55,"code":128524,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128526,128527],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,128528,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,128530,61120],{"class":68},[62,128532,409],{"class":95},[62,128534,128327],{"class":139},[62,128536,131],{"class":95},[62,128538,1632],{"class":139},[62,128540,103],{"class":95},[62,128542,36214],{"class":139},[62,128544,103],{"class":95},[62,128546,64987],{"class":139},[62,128548,434],{"class":95},[1256,128550,17560],{"id":17559},[29,128552,128553,128557,128562],{},[32,128554,128555,123494],{},[18,128556,1632],{},[32,128558,128559,128561],{},[18,128560,36235],{},": optional starting position",[32,128563,128564,128566],{},[18,128565,52604],{},": optional ending position",[14,128568,128569,1940,128571,128573],{},[18,128570,36235],{},[18,128572,52604],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128575,126631],{},[53,128577,128579],{"className":55,"code":128578,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128580,128581,128593,128597,128622,128651],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,128582,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,128584,69],{"class":68},[62,128586,73],{"class":72},[62,128588,77],{"class":76},[62,128590,60352],{"class":80},[62,128592,84],{"class":76},[62,128594,128595],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,128596,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,128598,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,128600,128],{"class":127},[62,128602,131],{"class":95},[62,128604,140],{"class":139},[62,128606,409],{"class":95},[62,128608,128327],{"class":139},[62,128610,131],{"class":95},[62,128612,259],{"class":76},[62,128614,60419],{"class":80},[62,128616,259],{"class":76},[62,128618,143],{"class":95},[62,128620,128621],{"class":146},"        # 4\n",[62,128623,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,128625,128],{"class":127},[62,128627,131],{"class":95},[62,128629,140],{"class":139},[62,128631,409],{"class":95},[62,128633,128327],{"class":139},[62,128635,131],{"class":95},[62,128637,259],{"class":76},[62,128639,60419],{"class":80},[62,128641,259],{"class":76},[62,128643,103],{"class":95},[62,128645,4804],{"class":99},[62,128647,143],{"class":95},[62,128649,128650],{"class":146},"     # 7\n",[62,128652,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,128654,128],{"class":127},[62,128656,131],{"class":95},[62,128658,140],{"class":139},[62,128660,409],{"class":95},[62,128662,128327],{"class":139},[62,128664,131],{"class":95},[62,128666,259],{"class":76},[62,128668,60419],{"class":80},[62,128670,259],{"class":76},[62,128672,103],{"class":95},[62,128674,4804],{"class":99},[62,128676,103],{"class":95},[62,128678,309],{"class":99},[62,128680,143],{"class":95},[62,128682,128683],{"class":146},"  # -1\n",[48,128685,38176],{"id":38175},[14,128687,57489,128688,128690],{},[18,128689,124297],{}," is always an integer.",[29,128692,128693,128699,128702],{},[32,128694,128695,128696,128698],{},"A number ",[18,128697,665],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[32,128700,128701],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[32,128703,128704,128706],{},[18,128705,65801],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128708,201],{},[53,128710,128712],{"className":55,"code":128711,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128713,128714,128726,128730,128755,128780],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,128715,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,128717,69],{"class":68},[62,128719,73],{"class":72},[62,128721,77],{"class":76},[62,128723,57],{"class":80},[62,128725,84],{"class":76},[62,128727,128728],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,128729,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,128731,128732,128734,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128749,128751,128753],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,128733,128],{"class":127},[62,128735,131],{"class":95},[62,128737,140],{"class":139},[62,128739,409],{"class":95},[62,128741,128327],{"class":139},[62,128743,131],{"class":95},[62,128745,259],{"class":76},[62,128747,128748],{"class":80},"py",[62,128750,259],{"class":76},[62,128752,143],{"class":95},[62,128754,20930],{"class":146},[62,128756,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128774,128776,128778],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,128758,128],{"class":127},[62,128760,131],{"class":95},[62,128762,140],{"class":139},[62,128764,409],{"class":95},[62,128766,128327],{"class":139},[62,128768,131],{"class":95},[62,128770,259],{"class":76},[62,128772,128773],{"class":80},"th",[62,128775,259],{"class":76},[62,128777,143],{"class":95},[62,128779,57590],{"class":146},[62,128781,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,128783,128],{"class":127},[62,128785,131],{"class":95},[62,128787,140],{"class":139},[62,128789,409],{"class":95},[62,128791,128327],{"class":139},[62,128793,131],{"class":95},[62,128795,259],{"class":76},[62,128797,22239],{"class":80},[62,128799,259],{"class":76},[62,128801,143],{"class":95},[62,128803,128390],{"class":146},[14,128805,89857,128806,8634,128808,2022,128810,409],{},[18,128807,124297],{},[18,128809,3808],{},[18,128811,2098],{},[14,128813,128814],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[48,128816,1834,128817,1940,128819],{"id":65353},[18,128818,36235],{},[18,128820,52604],{},[14,128822,169,128823,128825],{},[18,128824,36235],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128827,169,128828,128830],{},[18,128829,52604],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128832,2191,128833,75409,128835,128837],{},[18,128834,52604],{},[3946,128836,65016],{}," in the search.",[53,128839,128841],{"className":55,"code":128840,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128842,128843,128856,128860,128884,128913,128945],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,128844,128845,128847,128849,128851,128854],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,128846,69],{"class":68},[62,128848,73],{"class":72},[62,128850,77],{"class":76},[62,128852,128853],{"class":80},"one two three two",[62,128855,84],{"class":76},[62,128857,128858],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,128859,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,128861,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,128863,128],{"class":127},[62,128865,131],{"class":95},[62,128867,140],{"class":139},[62,128869,409],{"class":95},[62,128871,128327],{"class":139},[62,128873,131],{"class":95},[62,128875,259],{"class":76},[62,128877,79218],{"class":80},[62,128879,259],{"class":76},[62,128881,143],{"class":95},[62,128883,128621],{"class":146},[62,128885,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,128887,128],{"class":127},[62,128889,131],{"class":95},[62,128891,140],{"class":139},[62,128893,409],{"class":95},[62,128895,128327],{"class":139},[62,128897,131],{"class":95},[62,128899,259],{"class":76},[62,128901,79218],{"class":80},[62,128903,259],{"class":76},[62,128905,103],{"class":95},[62,128907,4804],{"class":99},[62,128909,143],{"class":95},[62,128911,128912],{"class":146},"     # 14\n",[62,128914,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,128916,128],{"class":127},[62,128918,131],{"class":95},[62,128920,140],{"class":139},[62,128922,409],{"class":95},[62,128924,128327],{"class":139},[62,128926,131],{"class":95},[62,128928,259],{"class":76},[62,128930,79218],{"class":80},[62,128932,259],{"class":76},[62,128934,103],{"class":95},[62,128936,1228],{"class":99},[62,128938,103],{"class":95},[62,128940,309],{"class":99},[62,128942,143],{"class":95},[62,128944,353],{"class":146},[62,128946,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,128948,128],{"class":127},[62,128950,131],{"class":95},[62,128952,140],{"class":139},[62,128954,409],{"class":95},[62,128956,128327],{"class":139},[62,128958,131],{"class":95},[62,128960,259],{"class":76},[62,128962,79218],{"class":80},[62,128964,259],{"class":76},[62,128966,103],{"class":95},[62,128968,1228],{"class":99},[62,128970,103],{"class":95},[62,128972,2661],{"class":99},[62,128974,143],{"class":95},[62,128976,128683],{"class":146},[14,128978,128979],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128981,128982,128983,55013,128987,409],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[262,128984,128986],{"href":128985},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[262,128988,128990,128992],{"href":128989},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,128991,60477],{}," string method",[48,128994,123949],{"id":123948},[14,128996,128997,123760],{},[18,128998,124297],{},[14,129000,127347,129001,1940,129003,129005],{},[18,129002,90365],{},[18,129004,64481],{}," are treated as different text.",[53,129007,129009],{"className":55,"code":129008,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,129010,129011,129024,129028,129052],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129012,129013,129015,129017,129019,129022],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129014,69],{"class":68},[62,129016,73],{"class":72},[62,129018,77],{"class":76},[62,129020,129021],{"class":80},"Hello World",[62,129023,84],{"class":76},[62,129025,129026],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129027,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,129029,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129031,128],{"class":127},[62,129033,131],{"class":95},[62,129035,140],{"class":139},[62,129037,409],{"class":95},[62,129039,128327],{"class":139},[62,129041,131],{"class":95},[62,129043,259],{"class":76},[62,129045,35029],{"class":80},[62,129047,259],{"class":76},[62,129049,143],{"class":95},[62,129051,698],{"class":146},[62,129053,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,129055,128],{"class":127},[62,129057,131],{"class":95},[62,129059,140],{"class":139},[62,129061,409],{"class":95},[62,129063,128327],{"class":139},[62,129065,131],{"class":95},[62,129067,259],{"class":76},[62,129069,81],{"class":80},[62,129071,259],{"class":76},[62,129073,143],{"class":95},[62,129075,128683],{"class":146},[14,129077,129078],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[53,129080,129082],{"className":55,"code":129081,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,129083,129084,129096,129100],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129085,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129087,69],{"class":68},[62,129089,73],{"class":72},[62,129091,77],{"class":76},[62,129093,129021],{"class":80},[62,129095,84],{"class":76},[62,129097,129098],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129099,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,129101,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129103,128],{"class":127},[62,129105,131],{"class":95},[62,129107,140],{"class":139},[62,129109,409],{"class":95},[62,129111,8819],{"class":139},[62,129113,8816],{"class":95},[62,129115,128327],{"class":139},[62,129117,131],{"class":95},[62,129119,259],{"class":76},[62,129121,81],{"class":80},[62,129123,259],{"class":76},[62,129125,143],{"class":95},[62,129127,698],{"class":146},[48,129129,129131,10756,129133],{"id":129130},"find-vs-index",[18,129132,124297],{},[18,129134,58913],{},[14,129136,129137,1940,129139,129141],{},[18,129138,124297],{},[18,129140,58913],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[29,129143,129144,129150],{},[32,129145,129146,2602,129148],{},[18,129147,124297],{},[18,129149,65801],{},[32,129151,129152,2026,129154],{},[18,129153,58913],{},[18,129155,40857],{},[14,129157,169,129158,129160],{},[18,129159,124297],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129162,169,129163,129165],{},[18,129164,58913],{}," when the value must exist.",[53,129167,129169],{"className":55,"code":129168,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,129170,129171,129183,129187],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129172,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129174,69],{"class":68},[62,129176,73],{"class":72},[62,129178,77],{"class":76},[62,129180,81],{"class":80},[62,129182,84],{"class":76},[62,129184,129185],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129186,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,129188,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205,129207,129209],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129190,128],{"class":127},[62,129192,131],{"class":95},[62,129194,140],{"class":139},[62,129196,409],{"class":95},[62,129198,128327],{"class":139},[62,129200,131],{"class":95},[62,129202,259],{"class":76},[62,129204,552],{"class":80},[62,129206,259],{"class":76},[62,129208,143],{"class":95},[62,129210,129211],{"class":146},"   # -1\n",[53,129213,129215],{"className":55,"code":129214,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,129216,129217,129229,129233],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129218,129219,129221,129223,129225,129227],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129220,69],{"class":68},[62,129222,73],{"class":72},[62,129224,77],{"class":76},[62,129226,81],{"class":80},[62,129228,84],{"class":76},[62,129230,129231],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129232,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,129234,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129236,128],{"class":127},[62,129238,131],{"class":95},[62,129240,140],{"class":139},[62,129242,409],{"class":95},[62,129244,36008],{"class":139},[62,129246,131],{"class":95},[62,129248,259],{"class":76},[62,129250,552],{"class":80},[62,129252,259],{"class":76},[62,129254,143],{"class":95},[62,129256,129257],{"class":146},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129259,129260,129261,129265,129266,129268,129269,409],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[262,129262,129263,128992],{"href":124322},[18,129264,58913],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129267,58913],{},", read ",[262,129270,25840,129271],{"href":73429},[18,129272,129273],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[48,129275,1249],{"id":1248},[14,129277,24,129278,129280],{},[18,129279,124297],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[29,129282,129283,129286,129289,129292],{},[32,129284,129285],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[32,129287,129288],{},"Get the position of a word",[32,129290,129291],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[32,129293,129294],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129296,129297],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[53,129299,129301],{"className":55,"code":129300,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129302,129303,129316,129339,129343,129358,129374,129393,129407],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129304,129305,129307,129309,129311,129314],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129306,69],{"class":68},[62,129308,73],{"class":72},[62,129310,77],{"class":76},[62,129312,129313],{"class":80},"name:Alice",[62,129315,84],{"class":76},[62,129317,129318,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129319,129320],{"class":68},"colon_pos ",[62,129322,73],{"class":72},[62,129324,42992],{"class":68},[62,129326,409],{"class":95},[62,129328,128327],{"class":139},[62,129330,131],{"class":95},[62,129332,259],{"class":76},[62,129334,267],{"class":80},[62,129336,259],{"class":76},[62,129338,434],{"class":95},[62,129340,129341],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129342,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,129344,129345,129347,129350,129352,129354,129356],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,129346,730],{"class":729},[62,129348,129349],{"class":68}," colon_pos ",[62,129351,72539],{"class":72},[62,129353,2427],{"class":72},[62,129355,499],{"class":99},[62,129357,749],{"class":95},[62,129359,129360,129363,129365,129367,129369,129372],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,129361,129362],{"class":68},"    label ",[62,129364,73],{"class":72},[62,129366,42992],{"class":68},[62,129368,75482],{"class":95},[62,129370,129371],{"class":68},"colon_pos",[62,129373,114],{"class":95},[62,129375,129376,129378,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,129377,27562],{"class":68},[62,129379,73],{"class":72},[62,129381,42992],{"class":68},[62,129383,948],{"class":95},[62,129385,129320],{"class":68},[62,129387,2270],{"class":72},[62,129389,270],{"class":99},[62,129391,129392],{"class":95},":]\n",[62,129394,129395,129397,129399,129402,129404],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,129396,754],{"class":127},[62,129398,131],{"class":95},[62,129400,129401],{"class":139},"label",[62,129403,741],{"class":95},[62,129405,129406],{"class":146},"  # name\n",[62,129408,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,129410,754],{"class":127},[62,129412,131],{"class":95},[62,129414,1632],{"class":139},[62,129416,741],{"class":95},[62,129418,129419],{"class":146},"  # Alice\n",[14,129421,129422,129423,409],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[262,129424,127338],{"href":123557},[48,129426,1824],{"id":1823},[14,129428,129429,129430,267],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129431,124297],{},[29,129433,129434,129443,129449,129454,129460],{},[32,129435,8631,129436,8634,129438,2022,129440,129442],{},[18,129437,124297],{},[18,129439,3808],{},[18,129441,2098],{}," instead of an index",[32,129444,129445,129446,129448],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129447,65801],{}," when the substring is missing",[32,129450,1834,129451,129453],{},[18,129452,124297],{}," without handling case differences",[32,129455,37366,129456,8884,129458],{},[18,129457,124297],{},[18,129459,58913],{},[32,129461,1859,129462,129464],{},[18,129463,124297],{}," changes the string",[14,129466,129467],{},"Example of a mistake:",[53,129469,129471],{"className":55,"code":129470,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129472,129473,129485,129489,129509,129524,129530],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129474,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129476,69],{"class":68},[62,129478,73],{"class":72},[62,129480,77],{"class":76},[62,129482,81],{"class":80},[62,129484,84],{"class":76},[62,129486,129487],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129488,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,129490,129491,129493,129495,129497,129499,129501,129503,129505,129507],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129492,730],{"class":729},[62,129494,42992],{"class":68},[62,129496,409],{"class":95},[62,129498,128327],{"class":139},[62,129500,131],{"class":95},[62,129502,259],{"class":76},[62,129504,60384],{"class":80},[62,129506,259],{"class":76},[62,129508,8521],{"class":95},[62,129510,129511,129513,129515,129517,129520,129522],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,129512,754],{"class":127},[62,129514,131],{"class":95},[62,129516,259],{"class":76},[62,129518,129519],{"class":80},"Found",[62,129521,259],{"class":76},[62,129523,434],{"class":95},[62,129525,129526,129528],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,129527,1431],{"class":729},[62,129529,749],{"class":95},[62,129531,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,129533,754],{"class":127},[62,129535,131],{"class":95},[62,129537,259],{"class":76},[62,129539,26476],{"class":80},[62,129541,259],{"class":76},[62,129543,434],{"class":95},[14,129545,99863],{},[53,129547,129549],{"className":55,"code":129548,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Not found\n",[18,129550,129551],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129552,129553],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129554,129548],{"class":68},[14,129556,45855,129557,129560,129561,404,129563,129565,129566,129568],{},[18,129558,129559],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129562,665],{},[18,129564,665],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129567,730],{}," statement.",[14,129570,129571],{},"A safer version is:",[53,129573,129575],{"className":55,"code":129574,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129576,129577,129589,129593,129622,129636,129642],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129578,129579,129581,129583,129585,129587],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129580,69],{"class":68},[62,129582,73],{"class":72},[62,129584,77],{"class":76},[62,129586,81],{"class":80},[62,129588,84],{"class":76},[62,129590,129591],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129592,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,129594,129595,129597,129599,129601,129603,129605,129607,129609,129611,129613,129616,129618,129620],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129596,730],{"class":729},[62,129598,42992],{"class":68},[62,129600,409],{"class":95},[62,129602,128327],{"class":139},[62,129604,131],{"class":95},[62,129606,259],{"class":76},[62,129608,60384],{"class":80},[62,129610,259],{"class":76},[62,129612,741],{"class":95},[62,129614,129615],{"class":72}," !=",[62,129617,2427],{"class":72},[62,129619,499],{"class":99},[62,129621,749],{"class":95},[62,129623,129624,129626,129628,129630,129632,129634],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,129625,754],{"class":127},[62,129627,131],{"class":95},[62,129629,259],{"class":76},[62,129631,129519],{"class":80},[62,129633,259],{"class":76},[62,129635,434],{"class":95},[62,129637,129638,129640],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,129639,1431],{"class":729},[62,129641,749],{"class":95},[62,129643,129644,129646,129648,129650,129652,129654],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,129645,754],{"class":127},[62,129647,131],{"class":95},[62,129649,259],{"class":76},[62,129651,26476],{"class":80},[62,129653,259],{"class":76},[62,129655,434],{"class":95},[14,129657,129658],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[53,129660,129662],{"className":55,"code":129661,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129663,129664,129686,129700,129726,129740],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129665,129666,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680,129682,129684],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129667,128],{"class":127},[62,129669,131],{"class":95},[62,129671,140],{"class":139},[62,129673,409],{"class":95},[62,129675,128327],{"class":139},[62,129677,131],{"class":95},[62,129679,3503],{"class":76},[62,129681,1362],{"class":80},[62,129683,3503],{"class":76},[62,129685,1013],{"class":95},[62,129687,129688,129690,129692,129694,129696,129698],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129689,128],{"class":127},[62,129691,131],{"class":95},[62,129693,41931],{"class":127},[62,129695,131],{"class":95},[62,129697,140],{"class":139},[62,129699,1013],{"class":95},[62,129701,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712,129714,129716,129718,129720,129722,129724],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129703,128],{"class":127},[62,129705,131],{"class":95},[62,129707,140],{"class":139},[62,129709,409],{"class":95},[62,129711,8819],{"class":139},[62,129713,8816],{"class":95},[62,129715,128327],{"class":139},[62,129717,131],{"class":95},[62,129719,3503],{"class":76},[62,129721,1362],{"class":80},[62,129723,3503],{"class":76},[62,129725,1013],{"class":95},[62,129727,129728,129730,129732,129734,129736,129738],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,129729,128],{"class":127},[62,129731,131],{"class":95},[62,129733,134],{"class":127},[62,129735,131],{"class":95},[62,129737,140],{"class":139},[62,129739,1013],{"class":95},[62,129741,129742,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129754,129756,129758,129760,129762,129764,129766,129768],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,129743,128],{"class":127},[62,129745,131],{"class":95},[62,129747,140],{"class":139},[62,129749,409],{"class":95},[62,129751,128327],{"class":139},[62,129753,131],{"class":95},[62,129755,3503],{"class":76},[62,129757,1362],{"class":80},[62,129759,3503],{"class":76},[62,129761,103],{"class":95},[62,129763,36214],{"class":139},[62,129765,103],{"class":95},[62,129767,64987],{"class":139},[62,129769,1013],{"class":95},[14,129771,129772],{},"These help you check:",[29,129774,129775,129780,129785,129790,129793],{},[32,129776,129777,129778],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129779,124297],{},[32,129781,129782,129783],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129784,122516],{},[32,129786,129787,129788],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129789,124032],{},[32,129791,129792],{},"The string length",[32,129794,129795,129796,1940,129798,129800],{},"Whether your ",[18,129797,36235],{},[18,129799,52604],{}," values are correct",[48,129802,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,129804,129806,129807,129809],{"id":129805},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129808,124297],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129811,5346,129812,409],{},[18,129813,65801],{},[1256,129815,12875,129817,129819],{"id":129816},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129818,124297],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129821,129822],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1256,129824,129826,129827,124638],{"id":129825},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129828,124297],{},[14,129830,129831],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1256,129833,5378,129835,1940,129837,69602],{"id":129834},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129836,124297],{},[18,129838,58913],{},[14,129840,129841,2602,129843,129845,129846,2026,129848,409],{},[18,129842,124297],{},[18,129844,65801],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129847,58913],{},[18,129849,40857],{},[1256,129851,28489,129853,129855],{"id":129852},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129854,124297],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129857,129858,129859,1940,129861,66100],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129860,36235],{},[18,129862,52604],{},[48,129864,2109],{"id":2108},[29,129866,129867,129873,129879,129886,129892,129899,129903,129908],{},[32,129868,129869],{},[262,129870,126302,129871,10912],{"href":124322},[18,129872,58913],{},[32,129874,129875],{},[262,129876,126302,129877,10912],{"href":128989},[18,129878,60477],{},[32,129880,129881],{},[262,129882,126302,129884,10912],{"href":129883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,129885,124473],{},[32,129887,129888],{},[262,129889,126302,129890,10912],{"href":127667},[18,129891,127670],{},[32,129893,129894],{},[262,129895,126302,129897,10912],{"href":129896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,129898,126360],{},[32,129900,129901],{},[262,129902,124701],{"href":123557},[32,129904,129905],{},[262,129906,129907],{"href":128985},"How to split a string in Python",[32,129909,129910],{},[262,129911,26283,129912],{"href":73429},[18,129913,129273],{},[2145,129915,129916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":129918},[129919,129921,129924,129925,129926,129927,129929,129930,129931,129943],{"id":128403,"depth":87,"text":129920},"What find() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":129922},[129923],{"id":17559,"depth":117,"text":17560},{"id":38175,"depth":87,"text":38176},{"id":65353,"depth":87,"text":66136},{"id":123948,"depth":87,"text":123949},{"id":129130,"depth":87,"text":129928},"find() vs index()",{"id":1248,"depth":87,"text":1249},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":129932},[129933,129935,129937,129939,129941],{"id":129805,"depth":117,"text":129934},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129816,"depth":117,"text":129936},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129825,"depth":117,"text":129938},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129834,"depth":117,"text":129940},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129852,"depth":117,"text":129942},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128275,"description":129944},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129951,"title":129952,"body":129953,"description":131879,"extension":2174,"meta":131880,"navigation":120,"path":131881,"seo":131882,"stem":131883,"__hash__":131884},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129954,"toc":131847},[129955,129960,129965,129968,129970,130046,130050,130078,130086,130090,130095,130099,130116,130118,130185,130189,130211,130219,130221,130224,130248,130251,130265,130267,130352,130356,130368,130371,130375,130381,130431,130435,130452,130461,130464,130472,130475,130524,130528,130553,130556,130611,130615,130627,130633,130637,130643,130648,130715,130719,130745,130748,130759,130761,130828,130832,130857,130864,130868,130873,130880,130888,130890,130942,130946,130964,130966,131011,131015,131030,131033,131043,131050,131052,131056,131059,131070,131072,131132,131136,131164,131167,131173,131178,131181,131185,131229,131232,131270,131273,131281,131283,131288,131292,131295,131343,131346,131349,131405,131409,131414,131417,131466,131468,131517,131523,131528,131530,131577,131581,131594,131596,131647,131653,131656,131660,131663,131669,131674,131676,131679,131751,131754,131771,131773,131778,131781,131785,131791,131797,131804,131810,131816,131818,131844],[10,129956,123302,129958,11494],{"id":129957},"python-string-format-method",[18,129959,126305],{},[14,129961,123307,129962,129964],{},[18,129963,126305],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129966,129967],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[48,129969,51],{"id":50},[53,129971,129973],{"className":55,"code":129972,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,129974,129975,129987,129995,129999,130036],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,129976,129977,129979,129981,129983,129985],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,129978,211],{"class":68},[62,129980,73],{"class":72},[62,129982,77],{"class":76},[62,129984,11680],{"class":80},[62,129986,84],{"class":76},[62,129988,129989,129991,129993],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,129990,21790],{"class":68},[62,129992,73],{"class":72},[62,129994,88746],{"class":99},[62,129996,129997],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,129998,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,130000,130001,130003,130005,130007,130010,130012,130015,130017,130019,130021,130023,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,130002,89954],{"class":68},[62,130004,73],{"class":72},[62,130006,77],{"class":76},[62,130008,130009],{"class":80},"My name is ",[62,130011,3995],{"class":99},[62,130013,130014],{"class":80}," and I am ",[62,130016,3995],{"class":99},[62,130018,122298],{"class":80},[62,130020,259],{"class":76},[62,130022,409],{"class":95},[62,130024,130025],{"class":139},"format",[62,130027,131],{"class":95},[62,130029,329],{"class":139},[62,130031,103],{"class":95},[62,130033,9364],{"class":139},[62,130035,434],{"class":95},[62,130037,130038,130040,130042,130044],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,130039,128],{"class":127},[62,130041,131],{"class":95},[62,130043,89971],{"class":139},[62,130045,434],{"class":95},[14,130047,130048],{},[3946,130049,2282],{},[53,130051,130053],{"className":55,"code":130052,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,130054,130055],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130056,130057,130060,130062,130065,130068,130071,130074,130076],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130058,130059],{"class":68},"My name ",[62,130061,1791],{"class":72},[62,130063,130064],{"class":68}," Maya ",[62,130066,130067],{"class":72},"and",[62,130069,130070],{"class":68}," I am ",[62,130072,130073],{"class":99},"12",[62,130075,122331],{"class":68},[62,130077,122334],{"class":95},[14,130079,169,130080,130082,130083,130085],{},[18,130081,3995],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,130084,126305],{}," in the same order.",[14,130087,125054,130088,409],{},[262,130089,125057],{"href":397},[48,130091,13166,130093,13169],{"id":130092},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,130094,126305],{},[14,130096,2191,130097,11585],{},[18,130098,126305],{},[29,130100,130101,130104,130110,130113],{},[32,130102,130103],{},"inserts values into a string",[32,130105,130106,130107,130109],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,130108,3995],{}," with given values",[32,130111,130112],{},"returns a new string",[32,130114,130115],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130117,201],{},[53,130119,130121],{"className":55,"code":130120,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130122,130123,130137,130160,130164,130175],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130124,130125,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130126,69],{"class":68},[62,130128,73],{"class":72},[62,130130,77],{"class":76},[62,130132,45053],{"class":80},[62,130134,3995],{"class":99},[62,130136,84],{"class":76},[62,130138,130139,130142,130144,130146,130148,130150,130152,130154,130156,130158],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130140,130141],{"class":68},"new_text ",[62,130143,73],{"class":72},[62,130145,42992],{"class":68},[62,130147,409],{"class":95},[62,130149,130025],{"class":139},[62,130151,131],{"class":95},[62,130153,259],{"class":76},[62,130155,218],{"class":80},[62,130157,259],{"class":76},[62,130159,434],{"class":95},[62,130161,130162],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,130163,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,130165,130166,130168,130170,130173],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,130167,128],{"class":127},[62,130169,131],{"class":95},[62,130171,130172],{"class":139},"new_text",[62,130174,434],{"class":95},[62,130176,130177,130179,130181,130183],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,130178,128],{"class":127},[62,130180,131],{"class":95},[62,130182,140],{"class":139},[62,130184,434],{"class":95},[14,130186,130187],{},[3946,130188,2282],{},[53,130190,130192],{"className":55,"code":130191,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,130193,130194,130203],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130195,130196,130198,130200],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130197,35029],{"class":68},[62,130199,103],{"class":95},[62,130201,130202],{"class":68}," Sam\n",[62,130204,130205,130207,130209],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130206,35029],{"class":68},[62,130208,103],{"class":95},[62,130210,1206],{"class":95},[14,130212,2492,130213,130215,130216,130218],{},[18,130214,140],{}," stays the same. ",[18,130217,126305],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[48,130220,413],{"id":412},[14,130222,130223],{},"The general form is:",[53,130225,130227],{"className":55,"code":130226,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130228,130229],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130230,130231,130233,130236,130238,130240,130242,130244,130246],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130232,259],{"class":43479},[62,130234,130235],{"class":43483},"text {}",[62,130237,259],{"class":43479},[62,130239,409],{"class":95},[62,130241,130025],{"class":139},[62,130243,131],{"class":95},[62,130245,1632],{"class":139},[62,130247,434],{"class":95},[14,130249,130250],{},"Key idea:",[29,130252,130253,130259,130262],{},[32,130254,130255,130256,130258],{},"each ",[18,130257,3995],{}," is a placeholder",[32,130260,130261],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[32,130263,130264],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130266,201],{},[53,130268,130270],{"className":55,"code":130269,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130271,130272,130285,130299,130303,130341],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130273,130274,130277,130279,130281,130283],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130275,130276],{"class":68},"animal ",[62,130278,73],{"class":72},[62,130280,77],{"class":76},[62,130282,37209],{"class":80},[62,130284,84],{"class":76},[62,130286,130287,130290,130292,130294,130297],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130288,130289],{"class":68},"sound ",[62,130291,73],{"class":72},[62,130293,77],{"class":76},[62,130295,130296],{"class":80},"meow",[62,130298,84],{"class":76},[62,130300,130301],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,130302,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,130304,130305,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130319,130321,130323,130325,130327,130329,130331,130334,130336,130339],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,130306,130307],{"class":68},"sentence ",[62,130309,73],{"class":72},[62,130311,77],{"class":76},[62,130313,2191],{"class":80},[62,130315,3995],{"class":99},[62,130317,130318],{"class":80}," says ",[62,130320,3995],{"class":99},[62,130322,409],{"class":80},[62,130324,259],{"class":76},[62,130326,409],{"class":95},[62,130328,130025],{"class":139},[62,130330,131],{"class":95},[62,130332,130333],{"class":139},"animal",[62,130335,103],{"class":95},[62,130337,130338],{"class":139}," sound",[62,130340,434],{"class":95},[62,130342,130343,130345,130347,130350],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,130344,128],{"class":127},[62,130346,131],{"class":95},[62,130348,130349],{"class":139},"sentence",[62,130351,434],{"class":95},[14,130353,130354],{},[3946,130355,2282],{},[53,130357,130359],{"className":55,"code":130358,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130360,130361],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130362,130363,130366],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130364,130365],{"class":68},"The cat says meow",[62,130367,122334],{"class":95},[14,130369,130370],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[48,130372,130374],{"id":130373},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130376,130377,130378,130380],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130379,3995],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[53,130382,130384],{"className":55,"code":130383,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130385,130386],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130387,130388,130390,130392,130394,130397,130399,130401,130403,130405,130407,130409,130411,130413,130415,130418,130420,130422,130424,130427,130429],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130389,128],{"class":127},[62,130391,131],{"class":95},[62,130393,259],{"class":76},[62,130395,130396],{"class":80},"I like ",[62,130398,3995],{"class":99},[62,130400,1940],{"class":80},[62,130402,3995],{"class":99},[62,130404,409],{"class":80},[62,130406,259],{"class":76},[62,130408,409],{"class":95},[62,130410,130025],{"class":139},[62,130412,131],{"class":95},[62,130414,259],{"class":76},[62,130416,130417],{"class":80},"pizza",[62,130419,259],{"class":76},[62,130421,103],{"class":95},[62,130423,77],{"class":76},[62,130425,130426],{"class":80},"pasta",[62,130428,259],{"class":76},[62,130430,1013],{"class":95},[14,130432,130433],{},[3946,130434,2282],{},[53,130436,130438],{"className":55,"code":130437,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130439,130440],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130441,130442,130445,130447,130450],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130443,130444],{"class":68},"I like pizza ",[62,130446,130067],{"class":72},[62,130448,130449],{"class":68}," pasta",[62,130451,122334],{"class":95},[14,130453,130454,130455,1940,130458,409],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130456,130457],{},"{0}",[18,130459,130460],{},"{1}",[14,130462,130463],{},"This is helpful when:",[29,130465,130466,130469],{},[32,130467,130468],{},"you want to reuse a value",[32,130470,130471],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130473,130474],{},"Example with reused values:",[53,130476,130478],{"className":55,"code":130477,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130479,130480,130514],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130481,130482,130484,130486,130488,130490,130493,130495,130498,130500,130502,130504,130506,130508,130510,130512],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130483,69],{"class":68},[62,130485,73],{"class":72},[62,130487,77],{"class":76},[62,130489,130457],{"class":99},[62,130491,130492],{"class":80}," is learning Python. ",[62,130494,130457],{"class":99},[62,130496,130497],{"class":80}," likes coding.",[62,130499,259],{"class":76},[62,130501,409],{"class":95},[62,130503,130025],{"class":139},[62,130505,131],{"class":95},[62,130507,259],{"class":76},[62,130509,20046],{"class":80},[62,130511,259],{"class":76},[62,130513,434],{"class":95},[62,130515,130516,130518,130520,130522],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130517,128],{"class":127},[62,130519,131],{"class":95},[62,130521,140],{"class":139},[62,130523,434],{"class":95},[14,130525,130526],{},[3946,130527,2282],{},[53,130529,130531],{"className":55,"code":130530,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130532,130533],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130534,130535,130538,130540,130543,130545,130548,130551],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130536,130537],{"class":68},"Lina ",[62,130539,1791],{"class":72},[62,130541,130542],{"class":68}," learning Python",[62,130544,409],{"class":95},[62,130546,130547],{"class":24910}," Lina",[62,130549,130550],{"class":68}," likes coding",[62,130552,122334],{"class":95},[14,130554,130555],{},"Example with changed order:",[53,130557,130559],{"className":55,"code":130558,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130560,130561,130601],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130562,130563,130565,130567,130569,130571,130573,130575,130577,130579,130581,130583,130585,130587,130589,130591,130593,130595,130597,130599],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130564,69],{"class":68},[62,130566,73],{"class":72},[62,130568,77],{"class":76},[62,130570,130460],{"class":99},[62,130572,83273],{"class":80},[62,130574,130457],{"class":99},[62,130576,409],{"class":80},[62,130578,259],{"class":76},[62,130580,409],{"class":95},[62,130582,130025],{"class":139},[62,130584,131],{"class":95},[62,130586,259],{"class":76},[62,130588,6776],{"class":80},[62,130590,259],{"class":76},[62,130592,103],{"class":95},[62,130594,77],{"class":76},[62,130596,79218],{"class":80},[62,130598,259],{"class":76},[62,130600,434],{"class":95},[62,130602,130603,130605,130607,130609],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130604,128],{"class":127},[62,130606,131],{"class":95},[62,130608,140],{"class":139},[62,130610,434],{"class":95},[14,130612,130613],{},[3946,130614,2282],{},[53,130616,130618],{"className":55,"code":130617,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130619,130620],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130621,130622,130625],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130623,130624],{"class":68},"two comes after one",[62,130626,122334],{"class":95},[14,130628,130629,130630,130632],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130631,3995],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[48,130634,130636],{"id":130635},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130638,130639,130640,409],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130641,130642],{},"{name}",[14,130644,130645,130646,267],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130647,126305],{},[53,130649,130651],{"className":55,"code":130650,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130652,130653,130705],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130654,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665,130668,130671,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685,130687,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130703],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130656,69],{"class":68},[62,130658,73],{"class":72},[62,130660,77],{"class":76},[62,130662,130009],{"class":80},[62,130664,130642],{"class":99},[62,130666,130667],{"class":80}," and I live in ",[62,130669,130670],{"class":99},"{city}",[62,130672,409],{"class":80},[62,130674,259],{"class":76},[62,130676,409],{"class":95},[62,130678,130025],{"class":139},[62,130680,131],{"class":95},[62,130682,329],{"class":9351},[62,130684,73],{"class":72},[62,130686,259],{"class":76},[62,130688,1896],{"class":80},[62,130690,259],{"class":76},[62,130692,103],{"class":95},[62,130694,31546],{"class":9351},[62,130696,73],{"class":72},[62,130698,259],{"class":76},[62,130700,16198],{"class":80},[62,130702,259],{"class":76},[62,130704,434],{"class":95},[62,130706,130707,130709,130711,130713],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130708,128],{"class":127},[62,130710,131],{"class":95},[62,130712,140],{"class":139},[62,130714,434],{"class":95},[14,130716,130717],{},[3946,130718,2282],{},[53,130720,130722],{"className":55,"code":130721,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130723,130724],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130725,130726,130728,130730,130733,130735,130738,130740,130743],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130727,130059],{"class":68},[62,130729,1791],{"class":72},[62,130731,130732],{"class":68}," Ana ",[62,130734,130067],{"class":72},[62,130736,130737],{"class":68}," I live ",[62,130739,4082],{"class":72},[62,130741,130742],{"class":68}," Lima",[62,130744,122334],{"class":95},[14,130746,130747],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[29,130749,130750,130753,130756],{},[32,130751,130752],{},"they make code easier to read",[32,130754,130755],{},"they help when a string has many values",[32,130757,130758],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130760,201],{},[53,130762,130764],{"className":55,"code":130763,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130765,130766,130818],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130767,130768,130771,130773,130775,130778,130781,130784,130787,130789,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130804,130806,130808,130811,130813,130816],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130769,130770],{"class":68},"report ",[62,130772,73],{"class":72},[62,130774,77],{"class":76},[62,130776,130777],{"class":80},"Student: ",[62,130779,130780],{"class":99},"{student}",[62,130782,130783],{"class":80},", Score: ",[62,130785,130786],{"class":99},"{score}",[62,130788,259],{"class":76},[62,130790,409],{"class":95},[62,130792,130025],{"class":139},[62,130794,131],{"class":95},[62,130796,1121],{"class":9351},[62,130798,73],{"class":72},[62,130800,259],{"class":76},[62,130802,130803],{"class":80},"Noah",[62,130805,259],{"class":76},[62,130807,103],{"class":95},[62,130809,130810],{"class":9351}," score",[62,130812,73],{"class":72},[62,130814,130815],{"class":99},"95",[62,130817,434],{"class":95},[62,130819,130820,130822,130824,130826],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130821,128],{"class":127},[62,130823,131],{"class":95},[62,130825,128015],{"class":139},[62,130827,434],{"class":95},[14,130829,130830],{},[3946,130831,2282],{},[53,130833,130835],{"className":55,"code":130834,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130836,130837],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130838,130839,130842,130844,130847,130849,130852,130854],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130840,130841],{"class":68},"Student",[62,130843,267],{"class":95},[62,130845,130846],{"class":68}," Noah",[62,130848,103],{"class":95},[62,130850,130851],{"class":68}," Score",[62,130853,267],{"class":95},[62,130855,130856],{"class":99}," 95\n",[14,130858,130859,130860,409],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[262,130861,3779,130862,3712],{"href":42327},[18,130863,47836],{},[48,130865,130867],{"id":130866},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130869,130870,130872],{},[18,130871,126305],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130874,130875,130876,130879],{},"A common example is ",[18,130877,130878],{},":.2f",", which means:",[29,130881,130882,130885],{},[32,130883,130884],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[32,130886,130887],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130889,201],{},[53,130891,130893],{"className":55,"code":130892,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130894,130895,130903,130932],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130896,130897,130899,130901],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130898,40540],{"class":68},[62,130900,73],{"class":72},[62,130902,49426],{"class":99},[62,130904,130905,130907,130909,130911,130914,130916,130918,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130906,69],{"class":68},[62,130908,73],{"class":72},[62,130910,77],{"class":76},[62,130912,130913],{"class":80},"Price: $",[62,130915,9452],{"class":99},[62,130917,130878],{"class":2276},[62,130919,22464],{"class":99},[62,130921,259],{"class":76},[62,130923,409],{"class":95},[62,130925,130025],{"class":139},[62,130927,131],{"class":95},[62,130929,25310],{"class":139},[62,130931,434],{"class":95},[62,130933,130934,130936,130938,130940],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,130935,128],{"class":127},[62,130937,131],{"class":95},[62,130939,140],{"class":139},[62,130941,434],{"class":95},[14,130943,130944],{},[3946,130945,2282],{},[53,130947,130949],{"className":55,"code":130948,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,130950,130951],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130952,130953,130956,130958,130961],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130954,130955],{"class":68},"Price",[62,130957,267],{"class":95},[62,130959,130960],{"class":37529}," $",[62,130962,130963],{"class":99},"3.50\n",[14,130965,1578],{},[53,130967,130969],{"className":55,"code":130968,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,130970,130971,130981],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,130972,130973,130976,130978],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,130974,130975],{"class":68},"average ",[62,130977,73],{"class":72},[62,130979,130980],{"class":99}," 91.236\n",[62,130982,130983,130985,130987,130989,130992,130994,130996,130998,131000,131002,131004,131006,131009],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,130984,128],{"class":127},[62,130986,131],{"class":95},[62,130988,259],{"class":76},[62,130990,130991],{"class":80},"Average: ",[62,130993,9452],{"class":99},[62,130995,130878],{"class":2276},[62,130997,22464],{"class":99},[62,130999,259],{"class":76},[62,131001,409],{"class":95},[62,131003,130025],{"class":139},[62,131005,131],{"class":95},[62,131007,131008],{"class":139},"average",[62,131010,1013],{"class":95},[14,131012,131013],{},[3946,131014,2282],{},[53,131016,131018],{"className":55,"code":131017,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,131019,131020],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131021,131022,131025,131027],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131023,131024],{"class":68},"Average",[62,131026,267],{"class":95},[62,131028,131029],{"class":99}," 91.24\n",[14,131031,131032],{},"This is useful for:",[29,131034,131035,131037,131040],{},[32,131036,83031],{},[32,131038,131039],{},"averages",[32,131041,131042],{},"percentages",[14,131044,131045,131046,409],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[262,131047,3779,131048,2508],{"href":46601},[18,131049,46604],{},[48,131051,17584],{"id":17583},[14,131053,131054,92468],{},[18,131055,126305],{},[14,131057,131058],{},"That means you can:",[29,131060,131061,131064,131067],{},[32,131062,131063],{},"save it in a variable",[32,131065,131066],{},"print it directly",[32,131068,131069],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131071,201],{},[53,131073,131075],{"className":55,"code":131074,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,131076,131077,131108,131118],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131078,131079,131081,131083,131085,131087,131089,131091,131093,131095,131097,131099,131101,131104,131106],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131080,89954],{"class":68},[62,131082,73],{"class":72},[62,131084,77],{"class":76},[62,131086,45053],{"class":80},[62,131088,3995],{"class":99},[62,131090,89795],{"class":80},[62,131092,259],{"class":76},[62,131094,409],{"class":95},[62,131096,130025],{"class":139},[62,131098,131],{"class":95},[62,131100,259],{"class":76},[62,131102,131103],{"class":80},"Chris",[62,131105,259],{"class":76},[62,131107,434],{"class":95},[62,131109,131110,131112,131114,131116],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131111,128],{"class":127},[62,131113,131],{"class":95},[62,131115,89971],{"class":139},[62,131117,434],{"class":95},[62,131119,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,131121,128],{"class":127},[62,131123,131],{"class":95},[62,131125,1690],{"class":430},[62,131127,131],{"class":95},[62,131129,89971],{"class":139},[62,131131,1013],{"class":95},[14,131133,131134],{},[3946,131135,2282],{},[53,131137,131139],{"className":55,"code":131138,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,131140,131141,131150],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131142,131143,131145,131147],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131144,35029],{"class":68},[62,131146,103],{"class":95},[62,131148,131149],{"class":68}," Chris!\n",[62,131151,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131153,3492],{"class":72},[62,131155,3495],{"class":2276},[62,131157,3498],{"class":76},[62,131159,3646],{"class":80},[62,131161,3503],{"class":76},[62,131163,3506],{"class":72},[14,131165,131166],{},"The original string is not changed.",[48,131168,131170,131172],{"id":131169},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,131171,126305],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131174,131175,131177],{},[18,131176,126305],{}," is a string method.",[14,131179,131180],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131182,46192,131183,267],{},[18,131184,126305],{},[53,131186,131188],{"className":55,"code":131187,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,131189,131190,131203],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131191,131192,131194,131196,131198,131201],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131193,211],{"class":68},[62,131195,73],{"class":72},[62,131197,77],{"class":76},[62,131199,131200],{"class":80},"Rita",[62,131202,84],{"class":76},[62,131204,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213,131215,131217,131219,131221,131223,131225,131227],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131206,128],{"class":127},[62,131208,131],{"class":95},[62,131210,259],{"class":76},[62,131212,45053],{"class":80},[62,131214,3995],{"class":99},[62,131216,89795],{"class":80},[62,131218,259],{"class":76},[62,131220,409],{"class":95},[62,131222,130025],{"class":139},[62,131224,131],{"class":95},[62,131226,329],{"class":139},[62,131228,1013],{"class":95},[14,131230,131231],{},"Example with an f-string:",[53,131233,131235],{"className":55,"code":131234,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131236,131237,131249],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131238,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131240,211],{"class":68},[62,131242,73],{"class":72},[62,131244,77],{"class":76},[62,131246,131200],{"class":80},[62,131248,84],{"class":76},[62,131250,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131268],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131252,128],{"class":127},[62,131254,131],{"class":95},[62,131256,22455],{"class":2276},[62,131258,43497],{"class":80},[62,131260,9452],{"class":99},[62,131262,329],{"class":139},[62,131264,22464],{"class":99},[62,131266,131267],{"class":80},"!\"",[62,131269,434],{"class":95},[14,131271,131272],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131274,131275,131276,131278,131279,409],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131277,126305],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[262,131280,89640],{"href":89639},[48,131282,1824],{"id":1823},[14,131284,131285,131286,409],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131287,126305],{},[1256,131289,131291],{"id":131290},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131293,131294],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[53,131296,131298],{"className":55,"code":131297,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131299,131300,131333],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131301,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312,131315,131317,131319,131321,131323,131325,131327,131329,131331],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131303,69],{"class":68},[62,131305,73],{"class":72},[62,131307,77],{"class":76},[62,131309,45053],{"class":80},[62,131311,3995],{"class":99},[62,131313,131314],{"class":99}," {}",[62,131316,89795],{"class":80},[62,131318,259],{"class":76},[62,131320,409],{"class":95},[62,131322,130025],{"class":139},[62,131324,131],{"class":95},[62,131326,259],{"class":76},[62,131328,218],{"class":80},[62,131330,259],{"class":76},[62,131332,434],{"class":95},[62,131334,131335,131337,131339,131341],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131336,128],{"class":127},[62,131338,131],{"class":95},[62,131340,140],{"class":139},[62,131342,434],{"class":95},[14,131344,131345],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131347,131348],{},"Fixed version:",[53,131350,131352],{"className":55,"code":131351,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131353,131354,131395],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131355,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386,131388,131391,131393],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131357,69],{"class":68},[62,131359,73],{"class":72},[62,131361,77],{"class":76},[62,131363,45053],{"class":80},[62,131365,3995],{"class":99},[62,131367,131314],{"class":99},[62,131369,89795],{"class":80},[62,131371,259],{"class":76},[62,131373,409],{"class":95},[62,131375,130025],{"class":139},[62,131377,131],{"class":95},[62,131379,259],{"class":76},[62,131381,218],{"class":80},[62,131383,259],{"class":76},[62,131385,103],{"class":95},[62,131387,77],{"class":76},[62,131389,131390],{"class":80},"Lee",[62,131392,259],{"class":76},[62,131394,434],{"class":95},[62,131396,131397,131399,131401,131403],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131398,128],{"class":127},[62,131400,131],{"class":95},[62,131402,140],{"class":139},[62,131404,434],{"class":95},[1256,131406,131408],{"id":131407},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131410,131411,131412,409],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131413,126305],{},[14,131415,131416],{},"Problem:",[53,131418,131420],{"className":55,"code":131419,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131421,131422,131456],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131423,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131454],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131425,69],{"class":68},[62,131427,73],{"class":72},[62,131429,77],{"class":76},[62,131431,45053],{"class":80},[62,131433,130642],{"class":99},[62,131435,89795],{"class":80},[62,131437,259],{"class":76},[62,131439,409],{"class":95},[62,131441,130025],{"class":139},[62,131443,131],{"class":95},[62,131445,8168],{"class":9351},[62,131447,73],{"class":72},[62,131449,259],{"class":76},[62,131451,218],{"class":80},[62,131453,259],{"class":76},[62,131455,434],{"class":95},[62,131457,131458,131460,131462,131464],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131459,128],{"class":127},[62,131461,131],{"class":95},[62,131463,140],{"class":139},[62,131465,434],{"class":95},[14,131467,131348],{},[53,131469,131471],{"className":55,"code":131470,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131472,131473,131507],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131474,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485,131487,131489,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131476,69],{"class":68},[62,131478,73],{"class":72},[62,131480,77],{"class":76},[62,131482,45053],{"class":80},[62,131484,130642],{"class":99},[62,131486,89795],{"class":80},[62,131488,259],{"class":76},[62,131490,409],{"class":95},[62,131492,130025],{"class":139},[62,131494,131],{"class":95},[62,131496,329],{"class":9351},[62,131498,73],{"class":72},[62,131500,259],{"class":76},[62,131502,218],{"class":80},[62,131504,259],{"class":76},[62,131506,434],{"class":95},[62,131508,131509,131511,131513,131515],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131510,128],{"class":127},[62,131512,131],{"class":95},[62,131514,140],{"class":139},[62,131516,434],{"class":95},[1256,131518,8631,131520,131522],{"id":131519},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131521,126305],{}," to change the original string",[14,131524,131525,131527],{},[18,131526,126305],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131529,131416],{},[53,131531,131533],{"className":55,"code":131532,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131534,131535,131549,131567],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131536,131537,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131538,69],{"class":68},[62,131540,73],{"class":72},[62,131542,77],{"class":76},[62,131544,45053],{"class":80},[62,131546,3995],{"class":99},[62,131548,84],{"class":76},[62,131550,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131552,140],{"class":68},[62,131554,409],{"class":95},[62,131556,130025],{"class":139},[62,131558,131],{"class":95},[62,131560,259],{"class":76},[62,131562,218],{"class":80},[62,131564,259],{"class":76},[62,131566,434],{"class":95},[62,131568,131569,131571,131573,131575],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,131570,128],{"class":127},[62,131572,131],{"class":95},[62,131574,140],{"class":139},[62,131576,434],{"class":95},[14,131578,131579],{},[3946,131580,2282],{},[53,131582,131584],{"className":55,"code":131583,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131585,131586],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131587,131588,131590,131592],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131589,35029],{"class":68},[62,131591,103],{"class":95},[62,131593,1206],{"class":95},[14,131595,131348],{},[53,131597,131599],{"className":55,"code":131598,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131600,131601,131615,131637],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131602,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131604,69],{"class":68},[62,131606,73],{"class":72},[62,131608,77],{"class":76},[62,131610,45053],{"class":80},[62,131612,3995],{"class":99},[62,131614,84],{"class":76},[62,131616,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131618,69],{"class":68},[62,131620,73],{"class":72},[62,131622,42992],{"class":68},[62,131624,409],{"class":95},[62,131626,130025],{"class":139},[62,131628,131],{"class":95},[62,131630,259],{"class":76},[62,131632,218],{"class":80},[62,131634,259],{"class":76},[62,131636,434],{"class":95},[62,131638,131639,131641,131643,131645],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,131640,128],{"class":127},[62,131642,131],{"class":95},[62,131644,140],{"class":139},[62,131646,434],{"class":95},[1256,131648,4904,131650,131652],{"id":131649},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131651,126305],{}," returns a new string",[14,131654,131655],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1256,131657,131659],{"id":131658},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131661,131662],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131664,131665,131666,131668],{},"Use simple ",[18,131667,3995],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131670,131671,131672,409],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[262,131673,90353],{"href":90352},[48,131675,67842],{"id":67841},[14,131677,131678],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[53,131680,131682],{"className":55,"code":131681,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131683,131684,131694,131708,131737],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131685,131686,131688,131690,131692],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131687,128],{"class":127},[62,131689,131],{"class":95},[62,131691,140],{"class":139},[62,131693,434],{"class":95},[62,131695,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704,131706],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131697,128],{"class":127},[62,131699,131],{"class":95},[62,131701,1690],{"class":430},[62,131703,131],{"class":95},[62,131705,1632],{"class":139},[62,131707,1013],{"class":95},[62,131709,131710,131712,131714,131716,131719,131721,131723,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,131711,128],{"class":127},[62,131713,131],{"class":95},[62,131715,259],{"class":76},[62,131717,131718],{"class":80},"Hello ",[62,131720,3995],{"class":99},[62,131722,259],{"class":76},[62,131724,409],{"class":95},[62,131726,130025],{"class":139},[62,131728,131],{"class":95},[62,131730,259],{"class":76},[62,131732,218],{"class":80},[62,131734,259],{"class":76},[62,131736,1013],{"class":95},[62,131738,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,131740,32314],{"class":127},[62,131742,131],{"class":95},[62,131744,3646],{"class":430},[62,131746,409],{"class":95},[62,131748,130025],{"class":24910},[62,131750,434],{"class":95},[14,131752,131753],{},"Use them to check:",[29,131755,131756,131759,131762,131765],{},[32,131757,131758],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[32,131760,131761],{},"what type your value has",[32,131763,131764],{},"whether a small test example works",[32,131766,131767,131768],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131769,131770],{},"str.format",[48,131772,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,131774,129806,131776,12887],{"id":131775},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131777,126305],{},[14,131779,131780],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1256,131782,131784],{"id":131783},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131786,131787,131788,131790],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131789,3995],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1256,131792,131794,131795,632],{"id":131793},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131796,126305],{},[14,131798,131799,131800,131803],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131801,131802],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1256,131805,15070,131807,131809],{"id":131806},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131808,126305],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131811,131812,131813,131815],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131814,126305],{}," is still useful and common.",[48,131817,2109],{"id":2108},[29,131819,131820,131824,131828,131834,131840],{},[32,131821,131822],{},[262,131823,125057],{"href":397},[32,131825,131826],{},[262,131827,90630],{"href":89639},[32,131829,131830],{},[262,131831,3779,131832,3712],{"href":46601},[18,131833,46604],{},[32,131835,131836],{},[262,131837,3779,131838,3712],{"href":42327},[18,131839,47836],{},[32,131841,131842],{},[262,131843,90353],{"href":90352},[2145,131845,131846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":131848},[131849,131850,131852,131853,131854,131855,131856,131857,131859,131868,131869,131878],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":130092,"depth":87,"text":131851},"What the format() method does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":130373,"depth":87,"text":130374},{"id":130635,"depth":87,"text":130636},{"id":130866,"depth":87,"text":130867},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":131169,"depth":87,"text":131858},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":131860},[131861,131862,131863,131865,131867],{"id":131290,"depth":117,"text":131291},{"id":131407,"depth":117,"text":131408},{"id":131519,"depth":117,"text":131864},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131649,"depth":117,"text":131866},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131658,"depth":117,"text":131659},{"id":67841,"depth":87,"text":67842},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":131870},[131871,131873,131874,131876],{"id":131775,"depth":117,"text":131872},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131783,"depth":117,"text":131784},{"id":131793,"depth":117,"text":131875},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131806,"depth":117,"text":131877},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129952,"description":131879},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131886,"title":131887,"body":131888,"description":133368,"extension":2174,"meta":133369,"navigation":120,"path":133370,"seo":133371,"stem":133372,"__hash__":133373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131889,"toc":133340},[131890,131895,131900,131905,131907,131969,131976,131982,131987,131989,132005,132007,132078,132080,132094,132097,132147,132149,132151,132178,132181,132196,132199,132240,132243,132288,132295,132344,132346,132354,132356,132374,132376,132469,132477,132518,132523,132530,132536,132543,132546,132550,132651,132653,132675,132679,132732,132735,132738,132744,132751,132753,132792,132794,132812,132822,132829,132912,132915,132922,132929,132936,132940,132948,132994,132998,133007,133072,133077,133082,133093,133095,133100,133127,133129,133232,133235,133255,133257,133262,133265,133269,133273,133280,133289,133295,133298,133304,133306,133308,133337],[10,131891,123302,131893,11494],{"id":131892},"python-string-index-method",[18,131894,58913],{},[14,131896,123307,131897,131899],{},[18,131898,58913],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131901,131902,131903,409],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,131904,40857],{},[48,131906,51],{"id":50},[53,131908,131910],{"className":55,"code":131909,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,131911,131912,131924,131946,131956,131960,131964],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,131913,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,131915,69],{"class":68},[62,131917,73],{"class":72},[62,131919,77],{"class":76},[62,131921,60352],{"class":80},[62,131923,84],{"class":76},[62,131925,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,131927,64866],{"class":68},[62,131929,73],{"class":72},[62,131931,42992],{"class":68},[62,131933,409],{"class":95},[62,131935,36008],{"class":139},[62,131937,131],{"class":95},[62,131939,259],{"class":76},[62,131941,60537],{"class":80},[62,131943,259],{"class":76},[62,131945,434],{"class":95},[62,131947,131948,131950,131952,131954],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,131949,128],{"class":127},[62,131951,131],{"class":95},[62,131953,64893],{"class":139},[62,131955,434],{"class":95},[62,131957,131958],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,131959,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,131961,131962],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,131963,90771],{"class":146},[62,131965,131966],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,131967,131968],{"class":146},"# 6\n",[14,131970,169,131971,131973,131974,409],{},[18,131972,58913],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,131975,40857],{},[48,131977,3879,131979,3882],{"id":131978},"what-strindex-does",[18,131980,131981],{},"str.index()",[14,131983,131984,131986],{},[18,131985,131981],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131988,13222],{},[29,131990,131991,131994,131997,132000],{},[32,131992,131993],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[32,131995,131996],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[32,131998,131999],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[32,132001,30455,132002,132004],{},[18,132003,40857],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132006,201],{},[53,132008,132010],{"className":55,"code":132009,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,132011,132012,132024,132028,132053],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132013,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132015,69],{"class":68},[62,132017,73],{"class":72},[62,132019,77],{"class":76},[62,132021,910],{"class":80},[62,132023,84],{"class":76},[62,132025,132026],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132027,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,132029,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,132031,128],{"class":127},[62,132033,131],{"class":95},[62,132035,140],{"class":139},[62,132037,409],{"class":95},[62,132039,36008],{"class":139},[62,132041,131],{"class":95},[62,132043,259],{"class":76},[62,132045,262],{"class":80},[62,132047,259],{"class":76},[62,132049,143],{"class":95},[62,132051,132052],{"class":146},"     # 1\n",[62,132054,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,132056,128],{"class":127},[62,132058,131],{"class":95},[62,132060,140],{"class":139},[62,132062,409],{"class":95},[62,132064,36008],{"class":139},[62,132066,131],{"class":95},[62,132068,259],{"class":76},[62,132070,123395],{"class":80},[62,132072,259],{"class":76},[62,132074,143],{"class":95},[62,132076,132077],{"class":146},"    # 2\n",[14,132079,2386],{},[29,132081,132082,132088],{},[32,132083,132084,128515,132086],{},[18,132085,18259],{},[18,132087,499],{},[32,132089,132090,128515,132092],{},[18,132091,128514],{},[18,132093,1935],{},[14,132095,132096],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[53,132098,132100],{"className":55,"code":132099,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,132101,132102,132114,132118,132142],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132103,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132105,69],{"class":68},[62,132107,73],{"class":72},[62,132109,77],{"class":76},[62,132111,35029],{"class":80},[62,132113,84],{"class":76},[62,132115,132116],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132117,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,132119,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,132121,128],{"class":127},[62,132123,131],{"class":95},[62,132125,140],{"class":139},[62,132127,409],{"class":95},[62,132129,36008],{"class":139},[62,132131,131],{"class":95},[62,132133,259],{"class":76},[62,132135,639],{"class":80},[62,132137,259],{"class":76},[62,132139,143],{"class":95},[62,132141,20930],{"class":146},[62,132143,132144],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,132145,132146],{"class":146},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[48,132148,413],{"id":412},[14,132150,416],{},[53,132152,132154],{"className":55,"code":132153,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,132155,132156],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132157,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172,132174,132176],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132159,61120],{"class":68},[62,132161,409],{"class":95},[62,132163,36008],{"class":139},[62,132165,131],{"class":95},[62,132167,1632],{"class":139},[62,132169,103],{"class":95},[62,132171,36214],{"class":139},[62,132173,103],{"class":95},[62,132175,64987],{"class":139},[62,132177,434],{"class":95},[14,132179,132180],{},"Parameters:",[29,132182,132183,132187,132191],{},[32,132184,132185,123494],{},[18,132186,1632],{},[32,132188,132189,128561],{},[18,132190,36235],{},[32,132192,132193,132195],{},[18,132194,52604],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132197,132198],{},"You can use just the value:",[53,132200,132202],{"className":55,"code":132201,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132203,132204,132216],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132205,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132207,69],{"class":68},[62,132209,73],{"class":72},[62,132211,77],{"class":76},[62,132213,57],{"class":80},[62,132215,84],{"class":76},[62,132217,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234,132236,132238],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132219,128],{"class":127},[62,132221,131],{"class":95},[62,132223,140],{"class":139},[62,132225,409],{"class":95},[62,132227,36008],{"class":139},[62,132229,131],{"class":95},[62,132231,259],{"class":76},[62,132233,63233],{"class":80},[62,132235,259],{"class":76},[62,132237,143],{"class":95},[62,132239,880],{"class":146},[14,132241,132242],{},"Or include a start position:",[53,132244,132246],{"className":55,"code":132245,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132247,132248,132260],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132249,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132251,69],{"class":68},[62,132253,73],{"class":72},[62,132255,77],{"class":76},[62,132257,910],{"class":80},[62,132259,84],{"class":76},[62,132261,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132263,128],{"class":127},[62,132265,131],{"class":95},[62,132267,140],{"class":139},[62,132269,409],{"class":95},[62,132271,36008],{"class":139},[62,132273,131],{"class":95},[62,132275,259],{"class":76},[62,132277,262],{"class":80},[62,132279,259],{"class":76},[62,132281,103],{"class":95},[62,132283,284],{"class":99},[62,132285,143],{"class":95},[62,132287,166],{"class":146},[14,132289,132290,132291,1940,132293,267],{},"Or include both ",[18,132292,36235],{},[18,132294,52604],{},[53,132296,132298],{"className":55,"code":132297,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132299,132300,132312],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132301,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132303,69],{"class":68},[62,132305,73],{"class":72},[62,132307,77],{"class":76},[62,132309,910],{"class":80},[62,132311,84],{"class":76},[62,132313,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132315,128],{"class":127},[62,132317,131],{"class":95},[62,132319,140],{"class":139},[62,132321,409],{"class":95},[62,132323,36008],{"class":139},[62,132325,131],{"class":95},[62,132327,259],{"class":76},[62,132329,262],{"class":80},[62,132331,259],{"class":76},[62,132333,103],{"class":95},[62,132335,284],{"class":99},[62,132337,103],{"class":95},[62,132339,4804],{"class":99},[62,132341,143],{"class":95},[62,132343,166],{"class":146},[48,132345,38176],{"id":38175},[14,132347,28869,132348,132350,132351,409],{},[18,132349,58913],{}," is a ",[3946,132352,132353],{},"zero-based index",[14,132355,2319],{},[29,132357,132358,132364,132369],{},[32,132359,132360,132361,132363],{},"Index ",[18,132362,665],{}," is the first character",[32,132365,132360,132366,132368],{},[18,132367,499],{}," is the second character",[32,132370,132360,132371,132373],{},[18,132372,1935],{}," is the third character",[14,132375,201],{},[53,132377,132379],{"className":55,"code":132378,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132380,132381,132393,132397,132421,132445],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132382,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132384,69],{"class":68},[62,132386,73],{"class":72},[62,132388,77],{"class":76},[62,132390,37209],{"class":80},[62,132392,84],{"class":76},[62,132394,132395],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132396,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,132398,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,132400,128],{"class":127},[62,132402,131],{"class":95},[62,132404,140],{"class":139},[62,132406,409],{"class":95},[62,132408,36008],{"class":139},[62,132410,131],{"class":95},[62,132412,259],{"class":76},[62,132414,9912],{"class":80},[62,132416,259],{"class":76},[62,132418,143],{"class":95},[62,132420,698],{"class":146},[62,132422,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,132424,128],{"class":127},[62,132426,131],{"class":95},[62,132428,140],{"class":139},[62,132430,409],{"class":95},[62,132432,36008],{"class":139},[62,132434,131],{"class":95},[62,132436,259],{"class":76},[62,132438,262],{"class":80},[62,132440,259],{"class":76},[62,132442,143],{"class":95},[62,132444,27940],{"class":146},[62,132446,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,132448,128],{"class":127},[62,132450,131],{"class":95},[62,132452,140],{"class":139},[62,132454,409],{"class":95},[62,132456,36008],{"class":139},[62,132458,131],{"class":95},[62,132460,259],{"class":76},[62,132462,63233],{"class":80},[62,132464,259],{"class":76},[62,132466,143],{"class":95},[62,132468,880],{"class":146},[14,132470,132471,132473,132474,132476],{},[18,132472,58913],{}," returns only the ",[3946,132475,30070],{}," matching position.",[53,132478,132480],{"className":55,"code":132479,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132481,132482,132494],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132483,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132485,69],{"class":68},[62,132487,73],{"class":72},[62,132489,77],{"class":76},[62,132491,910],{"class":80},[62,132493,84],{"class":76},[62,132495,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132497,128],{"class":127},[62,132499,131],{"class":95},[62,132501,140],{"class":139},[62,132503,409],{"class":95},[62,132505,36008],{"class":139},[62,132507,131],{"class":95},[62,132509,259],{"class":76},[62,132511,262],{"class":80},[62,132513,259],{"class":76},[62,132515,143],{"class":95},[62,132517,27940],{"class":146},[14,132519,21140,132520,132522],{},[18,132521,18259],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132524,132525,132526,409],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[262,132527,132528,10912],{"href":124752},[18,132529,58535],{},[48,132531,1834,132532,1940,132534],{"id":65353},[18,132533,36235],{},[18,132535,52604],{},[14,132537,2191,132538,1940,132540,132542],{},[18,132539,36235],{},[18,132541,52604],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132544,132545],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132547,46192,132548,267],{},[18,132549,36235],{},[53,132551,132553],{"className":55,"code":132552,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132554,132555,132567,132571,132595,132623],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132556,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132558,69],{"class":68},[62,132560,73],{"class":72},[62,132562,77],{"class":76},[62,132564,910],{"class":80},[62,132566,84],{"class":76},[62,132568,132569],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132570,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,132572,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,132574,128],{"class":127},[62,132576,131],{"class":95},[62,132578,140],{"class":139},[62,132580,409],{"class":95},[62,132582,36008],{"class":139},[62,132584,131],{"class":95},[62,132586,259],{"class":76},[62,132588,262],{"class":80},[62,132590,259],{"class":76},[62,132592,143],{"class":95},[62,132594,564],{"class":146},[62,132596,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,132598,128],{"class":127},[62,132600,131],{"class":95},[62,132602,140],{"class":139},[62,132604,409],{"class":95},[62,132606,36008],{"class":139},[62,132608,131],{"class":95},[62,132610,259],{"class":76},[62,132612,262],{"class":80},[62,132614,259],{"class":76},[62,132616,103],{"class":95},[62,132618,284],{"class":99},[62,132620,143],{"class":95},[62,132622,391],{"class":146},[62,132624,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,132626,128],{"class":127},[62,132628,131],{"class":95},[62,132630,140],{"class":139},[62,132632,409],{"class":95},[62,132634,36008],{"class":139},[62,132636,131],{"class":95},[62,132638,259],{"class":76},[62,132640,262],{"class":80},[62,132642,259],{"class":76},[62,132644,103],{"class":95},[62,132646,2661],{"class":99},[62,132648,143],{"class":95},[62,132650,147],{"class":146},[14,132652,20120],{},[29,132654,132655,132662,132668],{},[32,132656,132657,132658,65543,132660],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132659,18259],{},[18,132661,499],{},[32,132663,132664,132665,132667],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132666,1935],{}," skips that first match",[32,132669,132664,132670,132672,132673],{},[18,132671,2708],{}," finds the last ",[18,132674,18259],{},[14,132676,46192,132677,267],{},[18,132678,52604],{},[53,132680,132682],{"className":55,"code":132681,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132683,132684,132696,132700],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132685,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132687,69],{"class":68},[62,132689,73],{"class":72},[62,132691,77],{"class":76},[62,132693,910],{"class":80},[62,132695,84],{"class":76},[62,132697,132698],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132699,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,132701,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,132703,128],{"class":127},[62,132705,131],{"class":95},[62,132707,140],{"class":139},[62,132709,409],{"class":95},[62,132711,36008],{"class":139},[62,132713,131],{"class":95},[62,132715,259],{"class":76},[62,132717,75977],{"class":80},[62,132719,259],{"class":76},[62,132721,103],{"class":95},[62,132723,1228],{"class":99},[62,132725,103],{"class":95},[62,132727,2661],{"class":99},[62,132729,143],{"class":95},[62,132731,880],{"class":146},[14,132733,132734],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132736,132737],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[48,132739,44364,132741,132743],{"id":132740},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132742,58913],{}," causes an error",[14,132745,132746,132747,2026,132749,409],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132748,58913],{},[18,132750,40857],{},[14,132752,201],{},[53,132754,132756],{"className":55,"code":132755,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132757,132758,132770],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132759,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132761,69],{"class":68},[62,132763,73],{"class":72},[62,132765,77],{"class":76},[62,132767,81],{"class":80},[62,132769,84],{"class":76},[62,132771,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132773,128],{"class":127},[62,132775,131],{"class":95},[62,132777,140],{"class":139},[62,132779,409],{"class":95},[62,132781,36008],{"class":139},[62,132783,131],{"class":95},[62,132785,259],{"class":76},[62,132787,22239],{"class":80},[62,132789,259],{"class":76},[62,132791,1013],{"class":95},[14,132793,2282],{},[53,132795,132797],{"className":55,"code":132796,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132798,132799],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132800,132801,132803,132805,132808,132810],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132802,40857],{"class":430},[62,132804,267],{"class":95},[62,132806,132807],{"class":68}," substring ",[62,132809,4830],{"class":72},[62,132811,65776],{"class":68},[14,132813,53285,132814,126268,132819,132821],{},[262,132815,132816],{"href":129946},[18,132817,132818],{},"str.find()",[18,132820,65801],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132823,132824,132825,1940,132827,267],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132826,29965],{},[18,132828,29996],{},[53,132830,132832],{"className":55,"code":132831,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132833,132834,132846,132850,132856,132879,132889,132897],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132835,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132837,69],{"class":68},[62,132839,73],{"class":72},[62,132841,77],{"class":76},[62,132843,81],{"class":80},[62,132845,84],{"class":76},[62,132847,132848],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132849,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,132851,132852,132854],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,132853,29965],{"class":729},[62,132855,749],{"class":95},[62,132857,132858,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,132859,132860],{"class":68},"    position ",[62,132862,73],{"class":72},[62,132864,42992],{"class":68},[62,132866,409],{"class":95},[62,132868,36008],{"class":139},[62,132870,131],{"class":95},[62,132872,259],{"class":76},[62,132874,22239],{"class":80},[62,132876,259],{"class":76},[62,132878,434],{"class":95},[62,132880,132881,132883,132885,132887],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,132882,754],{"class":127},[62,132884,131],{"class":95},[62,132886,64893],{"class":139},[62,132888,434],{"class":95},[62,132890,132891,132893,132895],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,132892,29996],{"class":729},[62,132894,42078],{"class":430},[62,132896,749],{"class":95},[62,132898,132899,132901,132903,132905,132908,132910],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,132900,754],{"class":127},[62,132902,131],{"class":95},[62,132904,259],{"class":76},[62,132906,132907],{"class":80},"Substring not found",[62,132909,259],{"class":76},[62,132911,434],{"class":95},[14,132913,132914],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132916,42098,132917,409],{},[262,132918,25840,132920],{"href":132919},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,132921,129273],{},[48,132923,132925,10756,132927],{"id":132924},"index-vs-find",[18,132926,58913],{},[18,132928,124297],{},[14,132930,132931,1940,132933,132935],{},[18,132932,58913],{},[18,132934,124297],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1256,132937,132938],{"id":36008},[18,132939,58913],{},[29,132941,132942,132945],{},[32,132943,132944],{},"Returns the first match position",[32,132946,132947],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[53,132949,132951],{"className":55,"code":132950,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,132952,132953,132965,132989],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,132954,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,132956,69],{"class":68},[62,132958,73],{"class":72},[62,132960,77],{"class":76},[62,132962,81],{"class":80},[62,132964,84],{"class":76},[62,132966,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,132968,128],{"class":127},[62,132970,131],{"class":95},[62,132972,140],{"class":139},[62,132974,409],{"class":95},[62,132976,36008],{"class":139},[62,132978,131],{"class":95},[62,132980,259],{"class":76},[62,132982,60393],{"class":80},[62,132984,259],{"class":76},[62,132986,143],{"class":95},[62,132988,27940],{"class":146},[62,132990,132991],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,132992,132993],{"class":146},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1256,132995,132996],{"id":128327},[18,132997,124297],{},[29,132999,133000,133002],{},[32,133001,132944],{},[32,133003,11596,133004,133006],{},[18,133005,65801],{}," if nothing is found",[53,133008,133010],{"className":55,"code":133009,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,133011,133012,133024,133048],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133013,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133015,69],{"class":68},[62,133017,73],{"class":72},[62,133019,77],{"class":76},[62,133021,81],{"class":80},[62,133023,84],{"class":76},[62,133025,133026,133028,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042,133044,133046],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,133027,128],{"class":127},[62,133029,131],{"class":95},[62,133031,140],{"class":139},[62,133033,409],{"class":95},[62,133035,128327],{"class":139},[62,133037,131],{"class":95},[62,133039,259],{"class":76},[62,133041,60393],{"class":80},[62,133043,259],{"class":76},[62,133045,143],{"class":95},[62,133047,27940],{"class":146},[62,133049,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,133051,128],{"class":127},[62,133053,131],{"class":95},[62,133055,140],{"class":139},[62,133057,409],{"class":95},[62,133059,128327],{"class":139},[62,133061,131],{"class":95},[62,133063,259],{"class":76},[62,133065,22239],{"class":80},[62,133067,259],{"class":76},[62,133069,143],{"class":95},[62,133071,128683],{"class":146},[14,133073,169,133074,133076],{},[18,133075,58913],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133078,169,133079,133081],{},[18,133080,124297],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133083,133084,133085,2022,133090,409],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[262,133086,133087,133089],{"href":129946},[18,133088,132818],{}," method reference",[262,133091,127338],{"href":133092},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[48,133094,1824],{"id":1823},[14,133096,133097,133098,267],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,133099,58913],{},[29,133101,133102,133105,133112,133117,133122],{},[32,133103,133104],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[32,133106,8631,133107,8634,133109,133111],{},[18,133108,58913],{},[18,133110,65801],{}," when no match exists",[32,133113,1834,133114,133116],{},[18,133115,58913],{}," on a value that may not be present",[32,133118,133119,133120],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,133121,499],{},[32,133123,1859,133124,133126],{},[18,133125,58913],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133128,62241],{},[53,133130,133132],{"className":55,"code":133131,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,133133,133134,133144,133158,133180,133202],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133135,133136,133138,133140,133142],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133137,128],{"class":127},[62,133139,131],{"class":95},[62,133141,140],{"class":139},[62,133143,434],{"class":95},[62,133145,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,133147,128],{"class":127},[62,133149,131],{"class":95},[62,133151,41931],{"class":127},[62,133153,131],{"class":95},[62,133155,140],{"class":139},[62,133157,1013],{"class":95},[62,133159,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,133161,128],{"class":127},[62,133163,131],{"class":95},[62,133165,140],{"class":139},[62,133167,409],{"class":95},[62,133169,36008],{"class":139},[62,133171,131],{"class":95},[62,133173,259],{"class":76},[62,133175,1632],{"class":80},[62,133177,259],{"class":76},[62,133179,1013],{"class":95},[62,133181,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,133183,128],{"class":127},[62,133185,131],{"class":95},[62,133187,140],{"class":139},[62,133189,409],{"class":95},[62,133191,128327],{"class":139},[62,133193,131],{"class":95},[62,133195,259],{"class":76},[62,133197,1632],{"class":80},[62,133199,259],{"class":76},[62,133201,1013],{"class":95},[62,133203,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224,133226,133228,133230],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,133205,128],{"class":127},[62,133207,131],{"class":95},[62,133209,140],{"class":139},[62,133211,409],{"class":95},[62,133213,36008],{"class":139},[62,133215,131],{"class":95},[62,133217,259],{"class":76},[62,133219,1632],{"class":80},[62,133221,259],{"class":76},[62,133223,103],{"class":95},[62,133225,36214],{"class":139},[62,133227,103],{"class":95},[62,133229,64987],{"class":139},[62,133231,1013],{"class":95},[14,133233,133234],{},"Tips:",[29,133236,133237,133242,133247,133250],{},[32,133238,169,133239,133241],{},[18,133240,126224],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[32,133243,169,133244,133246],{},[18,133245,124297],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[32,133248,133249],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,133251,133252,133253],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133254,665],{},[48,133256,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,133258,129806,133260,12887],{"id":133259},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133261,58913],{},[14,133263,133264],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1256,133266,133268],{"id":133267},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133270,76805,133271,409],{},[18,133272,40857],{},[1256,133274,5378,133276,1940,133278,632],{"id":133275},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133277,58913],{},[18,133279,124297],{},[14,133281,133282,133284,133285,2602,133287,6822],{},[18,133283,58913],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133286,124297],{},[18,133288,65801],{},[1256,133290,5368,133292,133294],{"id":133291},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133293,58913],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133296,133297],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1256,133299,133301,133302,124638],{"id":133300},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133303,58913],{},[14,133305,129831],{},[48,133307,2109],{"id":2108},[29,133309,133310,133316,133320,133325,133331],{},[32,133311,133312],{},[262,133313,133314,10912],{"href":129946},[18,133315,132818],{},[32,133317,133318],{},[262,133319,124701],{"href":133092},[32,133321,133322],{},[262,133323,129907],{"href":133324},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[32,133326,133327],{},[262,133328,133329,10912],{"href":124752},[18,133330,58535],{},[32,133332,133333],{},[262,133334,30509,133335],{"href":132919},[18,133336,129273],{},[2145,133338,133339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132924,"depth":87,"text":133351,"children":133352},"index() vs find()",[133353,133354],{"id":36008,"depth":117,"text":58913},{"id":128327,"depth":117,"text":124297},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":133357},[133358,133360,133361,133363,133365],{"id":133259,"depth":117,"text":133359},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133267,"depth":117,"text":133268},{"id":133275,"depth":117,"text":133362},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133291,"depth":117,"text":133364},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133300,"depth":117,"text":133366},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131887,"description":133368},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133375,"title":133376,"body":133377,"description":136152,"extension":2174,"meta":136153,"navigation":120,"path":136154,"seo":136155,"stem":136156,"__hash__":136157},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133378,"toc":136088},[133379,133385,133390,133393,133396,133407,133409,133478,133480,133494,133499,133504,133509,133511,133554,133556,133639,133641,133687,133693,133695,133697,133717,133719,133742,133744,133818,133820,133839,133844,133846,133850,133922,133924,133938,133942,134018,134020,134039,134043,134137,134139,134148,134155,134231,134233,134251,134255,134258,134265,134314,134316,134325,134332,134391,134393,134411,134414,134421,134480,134482,134500,134507,134564,134566,134575,134579,134584,134588,134647,134649,134667,134671,134718,134723,134726,134795,134797,134814,134821,134827,134882,134887,134890,134967,134969,134987,134993,134999,135059,135061,135080,135086,135089,135096,135149,135154,135156,135217,135226,135233,135235,135292,135297,135299,135370,135374,135429,135431,135440,135445,135451,135520,135522,135554,135560,135568,135575,135581,135646,135648,135657,135663,135744,135746,135755,135760,135774,135781,135785,135790,135818,135820,135953,135956,135993,135995,136001,136010,136015,136018,136023,136028,136034,136037,136046,136049,136051,136080,136085],[10,133380,123302,133382,11494],{"id":133381},"python-string-join-method",[18,133383,133384],{},"join()",[14,133386,123307,133387,133389],{},[18,133388,133384],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133391,133392],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133394,133395],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[29,133397,133398,133404],{},[32,133399,133400,133401,133403],{},"You call ",[18,133402,133384],{}," on the separator string",[32,133405,133406],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[48,133408,3813],{"id":3812},[53,133410,133412],{"className":55,"code":133411,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133413,133414,133447,133468],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133415,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440,133443,133445],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133417,4270],{"class":68},[62,133419,73],{"class":72},[62,133421,96],{"class":95},[62,133423,259],{"class":76},[62,133425,7488],{"class":80},[62,133427,259],{"class":76},[62,133429,103],{"class":95},[62,133431,77],{"class":76},[62,133433,1791],{"class":80},[62,133435,259],{"class":76},[62,133437,103],{"class":95},[62,133439,77],{"class":76},[62,133441,133442],{"class":80},"fun",[62,133444,259],{"class":76},[62,133446,114],{"class":95},[62,133448,133449,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133462,133464,133466],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,133450,2435],{"class":68},[62,133452,73],{"class":72},[62,133454,77],{"class":76},[62,133456,77],{"class":76},[62,133458,409],{"class":95},[62,133460,133461],{"class":139},"join",[62,133463,131],{"class":95},[62,133465,4312],{"class":139},[62,133467,434],{"class":95},[62,133469,133470,133472,133474,133476],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,133471,128],{"class":127},[62,133473,131],{"class":95},[62,133475,2470],{"class":139},[62,133477,434],{"class":95},[14,133479,2282],{},[53,133481,133483],{"className":55,"code":133482,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Python is fun\n",[18,133484,133485],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133486,133487,133489,133491],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133488,3779],{"class":68},[62,133490,1791],{"class":72},[62,133492,133493],{"class":68}," fun\n",[14,133495,169,133496,133498],{},[18,133497,133384],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[48,133500,3879,133502,3882],{"id":133501},"what-join-does",[18,133503,133384],{},[14,133505,133506,133508],{},[18,133507,133384],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133510,11631],{},[29,133512,133513,133520,133548,133551],{},[32,133514,133515,133516,133519],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133517,133518],{},".join()"," as the separator",[32,133521,133522,133523],{},"Common separators are:\n",[29,133524,133525,133531,133537,133543],{},[32,133526,133527,133530],{},[18,133528,133529],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[32,133532,133533,133536],{},[18,133534,133535],{},"\", \""," for commas",[32,133538,133539,133542],{},[18,133540,133541],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[32,133544,133545,133547],{},[18,133546,6467],{}," for no separator",[32,133549,133550],{},"It returns a new string",[32,133552,133553],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133555,201],{},[53,133557,133559],{"className":55,"code":133558,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133560,133561,133593,133615,133619,133629],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133562,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585,133587,133589,133591],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133564,4270],{"class":68},[62,133566,73],{"class":72},[62,133568,96],{"class":95},[62,133570,259],{"class":76},[62,133572,797],{"class":80},[62,133574,259],{"class":76},[62,133576,103],{"class":95},[62,133578,77],{"class":76},[62,133580,806],{"class":80},[62,133582,259],{"class":76},[62,133584,103],{"class":95},[62,133586,77],{"class":76},[62,133588,815],{"class":80},[62,133590,259],{"class":76},[62,133592,114],{"class":95},[62,133594,133595,133597,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,133596,2435],{"class":68},[62,133598,73],{"class":72},[62,133600,77],{"class":76},[62,133602,399],{"class":80},[62,133604,259],{"class":76},[62,133606,409],{"class":95},[62,133608,133461],{"class":139},[62,133610,131],{"class":95},[62,133612,4312],{"class":139},[62,133614,434],{"class":95},[62,133616,133617],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,133618,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,133620,133621,133623,133625,133627],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,133622,128],{"class":127},[62,133624,131],{"class":95},[62,133626,2470],{"class":139},[62,133628,434],{"class":95},[62,133630,133631,133633,133635,133637],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,133632,128],{"class":127},[62,133634,131],{"class":95},[62,133636,4312],{"class":139},[62,133638,434],{"class":95},[14,133640,2282],{},[53,133642,133644],{"className":55,"code":133643,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133645,133646,133659],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133647,133648,133650,133652,133655,133657],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133649,797],{"class":68},[62,133651,103],{"class":95},[62,133653,133654],{"class":68}," green",[62,133656,103],{"class":95},[62,133658,36043],{"class":68},[62,133660,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,133662,948],{"class":95},[62,133664,3503],{"class":76},[62,133666,797],{"class":80},[62,133668,3503],{"class":76},[62,133670,103],{"class":95},[62,133672,3498],{"class":76},[62,133674,806],{"class":80},[62,133676,3503],{"class":76},[62,133678,103],{"class":95},[62,133680,3498],{"class":76},[62,133682,815],{"class":80},[62,133684,3503],{"class":76},[62,133686,114],{"class":95},[14,133688,133689,133690,133692],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133691,133384],{}," creates a new string.",[48,133694,413],{"id":412},[14,133696,7409],{},[53,133698,133700],{"className":55,"code":133699,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133701,133702],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133703,133704,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133705,133706],{"class":68},"separator",[62,133708,409],{"class":95},[62,133710,133461],{"class":139},[62,133712,131],{"class":95},[62,133714,3923],{"class":139},[62,133716,434],{"class":95},[1256,133718,49160],{"id":49159},[29,133720,133721,133734,133739],{},[32,133722,133723,133725,133726,399,133728,399,133730,2398,133732],{},[18,133724,133706],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133727,133529],{},[18,133729,133535],{},[18,133731,133541],{},[18,133733,6467],{},[32,133735,133736,133738],{},[18,133737,3923],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[32,133740,133741],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133743,201],{},[53,133745,133747],{"className":55,"code":133746,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133748,133749,133781,133804,133808],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133750,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133752,5194],{"class":68},[62,133754,73],{"class":72},[62,133756,96],{"class":95},[62,133758,259],{"class":76},[62,133760,1896],{"class":80},[62,133762,259],{"class":76},[62,133764,103],{"class":95},[62,133766,77],{"class":76},[62,133768,36103],{"class":80},[62,133770,259],{"class":76},[62,133772,103],{"class":95},[62,133774,77],{"class":76},[62,133776,36112],{"class":80},[62,133778,259],{"class":76},[62,133780,114],{"class":95},[62,133782,133783,133785,133787,133789,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,133784,2435],{"class":68},[62,133786,73],{"class":72},[62,133788,77],{"class":76},[62,133790,133791],{"class":80}," | ",[62,133793,259],{"class":76},[62,133795,409],{"class":95},[62,133797,133461],{"class":139},[62,133799,131],{"class":95},[62,133801,5237],{"class":139},[62,133803,434],{"class":95},[62,133805,133806],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,133807,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,133809,133810,133812,133814,133816],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,133811,128],{"class":127},[62,133813,131],{"class":95},[62,133815,2470],{"class":139},[62,133817,434],{"class":95},[14,133819,2282],{},[53,133821,133823],{"className":55,"code":133822,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133824,133825],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133826,133827,133830,133832,133835,133837],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133828,133829],{"class":68},"Ana ",[62,133831,113809],{"class":72},[62,133833,133834],{"class":68}," Ben ",[62,133836,113809],{"class":72},[62,133838,36184],{"class":68},[14,133840,133841,133842,409],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[262,133843,125057],{"href":397},[48,133845,121833],{"id":121832},[1256,133847,133849],{"id":133848},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[53,133851,133853],{"className":55,"code":133852,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133854,133855,133888,133908,133912],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133856,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133884,133886],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133858,4270],{"class":68},[62,133860,73],{"class":72},[62,133862,96],{"class":95},[62,133864,259],{"class":76},[62,133866,7488],{"class":80},[62,133868,259],{"class":76},[62,133870,103],{"class":95},[62,133872,77],{"class":76},[62,133874,1791],{"class":80},[62,133876,259],{"class":76},[62,133878,103],{"class":95},[62,133880,77],{"class":76},[62,133882,133883],{"class":80},"easy",[62,133885,259],{"class":76},[62,133887,114],{"class":95},[62,133889,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,133891,2435],{"class":68},[62,133893,73],{"class":72},[62,133895,77],{"class":76},[62,133897,77],{"class":76},[62,133899,409],{"class":95},[62,133901,133461],{"class":139},[62,133903,131],{"class":95},[62,133905,4312],{"class":139},[62,133907,434],{"class":95},[62,133909,133910],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,133911,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,133913,133914,133916,133918,133920],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,133915,128],{"class":127},[62,133917,131],{"class":95},[62,133919,2470],{"class":139},[62,133921,434],{"class":95},[14,133923,2282],{},[53,133925,133927],{"className":55,"code":133926,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Python is easy\n",[18,133928,133929],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133930,133931,133933,133935],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133932,3779],{"class":68},[62,133934,1791],{"class":72},[62,133936,133937],{"class":68}," easy\n",[1256,133939,133941],{"id":133940},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[53,133943,133945],{"className":55,"code":133944,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133946,133947,133982,134004,134008],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,133948,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133960,133962,133964,133966,133969,133971,133973,133975,133978,133980],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,133950,90],{"class":68},[62,133952,73],{"class":72},[62,133954,96],{"class":95},[62,133956,259],{"class":76},[62,133958,133959],{"class":80},"apples",[62,133961,259],{"class":76},[62,133963,103],{"class":95},[62,133965,77],{"class":76},[62,133967,133968],{"class":80},"bananas",[62,133970,259],{"class":76},[62,133972,103],{"class":95},[62,133974,77],{"class":76},[62,133976,133977],{"class":80},"oranges",[62,133979,259],{"class":76},[62,133981,114],{"class":95},[62,133983,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,133985,2435],{"class":68},[62,133987,73],{"class":72},[62,133989,77],{"class":76},[62,133991,399],{"class":80},[62,133993,259],{"class":76},[62,133995,409],{"class":95},[62,133997,133461],{"class":139},[62,133999,131],{"class":95},[62,134001,161],{"class":139},[62,134003,434],{"class":95},[62,134005,134006],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,134007,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,134009,134010,134012,134014,134016],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,134011,128],{"class":127},[62,134013,131],{"class":95},[62,134015,2470],{"class":139},[62,134017,434],{"class":95},[14,134019,2282],{},[53,134021,134023],{"className":55,"code":134022,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,134024,134025],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134026,134027,134029,134031,134034,134036],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134028,133959],{"class":68},[62,134030,103],{"class":95},[62,134032,134033],{"class":68}," bananas",[62,134035,103],{"class":95},[62,134037,134038],{"class":68}," oranges\n",[1256,134040,134042],{"id":134041},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[53,134044,134046],{"className":55,"code":134045,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134047,134048,134105,134123,134127],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134049,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134051,36253],{"class":68},[62,134053,73],{"class":72},[62,134055,96],{"class":95},[62,134057,259],{"class":76},[62,134059,134060],{"class":80},"P",[62,134062,259],{"class":76},[62,134064,103],{"class":95},[62,134066,77],{"class":76},[62,134068,11916],{"class":80},[62,134070,259],{"class":76},[62,134072,103],{"class":95},[62,134074,77],{"class":76},[62,134076,63233],{"class":80},[62,134078,259],{"class":76},[62,134080,103],{"class":95},[62,134082,77],{"class":76},[62,134084,60384],{"class":80},[62,134086,259],{"class":76},[62,134088,103],{"class":95},[62,134090,77],{"class":76},[62,134092,60419],{"class":80},[62,134094,259],{"class":76},[62,134096,103],{"class":95},[62,134098,77],{"class":76},[62,134100,75977],{"class":80},[62,134102,259],{"class":76},[62,134104,114],{"class":95},[62,134106,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134108,2435],{"class":68},[62,134110,73],{"class":72},[62,134112,6322],{"class":76},[62,134114,409],{"class":95},[62,134116,133461],{"class":139},[62,134118,131],{"class":95},[62,134120,582],{"class":139},[62,134122,434],{"class":95},[62,134124,134125],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,134126,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,134128,134129,134131,134133,134135],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,134130,128],{"class":127},[62,134132,131],{"class":95},[62,134134,2470],{"class":139},[62,134136,434],{"class":95},[14,134138,2282],{},[53,134140,134142],{"className":55,"code":134141,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Python\n",[18,134143,134144],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134145,134146],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134147,134141],{"class":68},[1256,134149,134151,134152,134154],{"id":134150},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,134153,133384],{}," returns the result",[53,134156,134158],{"className":55,"code":134157,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,134159,134160,134193,134216,134220],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134161,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134189,134191],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134163,4270],{"class":68},[62,134165,73],{"class":72},[62,134167,96],{"class":95},[62,134169,259],{"class":76},[62,134171,6776],{"class":80},[62,134173,259],{"class":76},[62,134175,103],{"class":95},[62,134177,77],{"class":76},[62,134179,79218],{"class":80},[62,134181,259],{"class":76},[62,134183,103],{"class":95},[62,134185,77],{"class":76},[62,134187,134188],{"class":80},"three",[62,134190,259],{"class":76},[62,134192,114],{"class":95},[62,134194,134195,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134196,134197],{"class":68},"joined_text ",[62,134199,73],{"class":72},[62,134201,77],{"class":76},[62,134203,2233],{"class":80},[62,134205,259],{"class":76},[62,134207,409],{"class":95},[62,134209,133461],{"class":139},[62,134211,131],{"class":95},[62,134213,4312],{"class":139},[62,134215,434],{"class":95},[62,134217,134218],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,134219,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,134221,134222,134224,134226,134229],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,134223,128],{"class":127},[62,134225,131],{"class":95},[62,134227,134228],{"class":139},"joined_text",[62,134230,434],{"class":95},[14,134232,2282],{},[53,134234,134236],{"className":55,"code":134235,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"one-two-three\n",[18,134237,134238],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134239,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134241,6776],{"class":68},[62,134243,2233],{"class":72},[62,134245,79218],{"class":68},[62,134247,2233],{"class":72},[62,134249,134250],{"class":68},"three\n",[48,134252,134254],{"id":134253},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134256,134257],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1256,134259,134261,134264],{"id":134260},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134262,134263],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[53,134266,134268],{"className":55,"code":134267,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134269,134270,134294],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134271,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134273,4270],{"class":68},[62,134275,73],{"class":72},[62,134277,96],{"class":95},[62,134279,259],{"class":76},[62,134281,81],{"class":80},[62,134283,259],{"class":76},[62,134285,103],{"class":95},[62,134287,77],{"class":76},[62,134289,60537],{"class":80},[62,134291,259],{"class":76},[62,134293,114],{"class":95},[62,134295,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134297,128],{"class":127},[62,134299,131],{"class":95},[62,134301,259],{"class":76},[62,134303,77],{"class":76},[62,134305,409],{"class":95},[62,134307,133461],{"class":139},[62,134309,131],{"class":95},[62,134311,4312],{"class":139},[62,134313,1013],{"class":95},[14,134315,2282],{},[53,134317,134319],{"className":55,"code":134318,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"hello world\n",[18,134320,134321],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134322,134323],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134324,134318],{"class":68},[1256,134326,134328,134331],{"id":134327},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134329,134330],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[53,134333,134335],{"className":55,"code":134334,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134336,134337,134369],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134338,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134340,788],{"class":68},[62,134342,73],{"class":72},[62,134344,96],{"class":95},[62,134346,259],{"class":76},[62,134348,797],{"class":80},[62,134350,259],{"class":76},[62,134352,103],{"class":95},[62,134354,77],{"class":76},[62,134356,815],{"class":80},[62,134358,259],{"class":76},[62,134360,103],{"class":95},[62,134362,77],{"class":76},[62,134364,806],{"class":80},[62,134366,259],{"class":76},[62,134368,114],{"class":95},[62,134370,134371,134373,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134372,128],{"class":127},[62,134374,131],{"class":95},[62,134376,259],{"class":76},[62,134378,399],{"class":80},[62,134380,259],{"class":76},[62,134382,409],{"class":95},[62,134384,133461],{"class":139},[62,134386,131],{"class":95},[62,134388,832],{"class":139},[62,134390,1013],{"class":95},[14,134392,2282],{},[53,134394,134396],{"className":55,"code":134395,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134397,134398],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134399,134400,134402,134404,134407,134409],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134401,797],{"class":68},[62,134403,103],{"class":95},[62,134405,134406],{"class":68}," blue",[62,134408,103],{"class":95},[62,134410,36036],{"class":68},[14,134412,134413],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1256,134415,134417,134420],{"id":134416},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134418,134419],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[53,134422,134424],{"className":55,"code":134423,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134425,134426,134458],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134427,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134429,42987],{"class":68},[62,134431,73],{"class":72},[62,134433,96],{"class":95},[62,134435,259],{"class":76},[62,134437,57],{"class":80},[62,134439,259],{"class":76},[62,134441,103],{"class":95},[62,134443,77],{"class":76},[62,134445,61120],{"class":80},[62,134447,259],{"class":76},[62,134449,103],{"class":95},[62,134451,77],{"class":76},[62,134453,133461],{"class":80},[62,134455,259],{"class":76},[62,134457,114],{"class":95},[62,134459,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134461,128],{"class":127},[62,134463,131],{"class":95},[62,134465,259],{"class":76},[62,134467,2233],{"class":80},[62,134469,259],{"class":76},[62,134471,409],{"class":95},[62,134473,133461],{"class":139},[62,134475,131],{"class":95},[62,134477,43019],{"class":139},[62,134479,1013],{"class":95},[14,134481,2282],{},[53,134483,134485],{"className":55,"code":134484,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"python-string-join\n",[18,134486,134487],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134488,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134490,57],{"class":68},[62,134492,2233],{"class":72},[62,134494,61120],{"class":68},[62,134496,2233],{"class":72},[62,134498,134499],{"class":68},"join\n",[1256,134501,134503,134506],{"id":134502},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134504,134505],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[53,134508,134510],{"className":55,"code":134509,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134511,134512,134545],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134513,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134541,134543],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134515,112881],{"class":68},[62,134517,73],{"class":72},[62,134519,96],{"class":95},[62,134521,259],{"class":76},[62,134523,1098],{"class":80},[62,134525,259],{"class":76},[62,134527,103],{"class":95},[62,134529,77],{"class":76},[62,134531,30762],{"class":80},[62,134533,259],{"class":76},[62,134535,103],{"class":95},[62,134537,77],{"class":76},[62,134539,134540],{"class":80},"C",[62,134542,259],{"class":76},[62,134544,114],{"class":95},[62,134546,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134562],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134548,128],{"class":127},[62,134550,131],{"class":95},[62,134552,6467],{"class":76},[62,134554,409],{"class":95},[62,134556,133461],{"class":139},[62,134558,131],{"class":95},[62,134560,134561],{"class":139},"chars",[62,134563,1013],{"class":95},[14,134565,2282],{},[53,134567,134569],{"className":55,"code":134568,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"ABC\n",[18,134570,134571],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134572,134573],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134574,134568],{"class":34616},[48,134576,134578],{"id":134577},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134580,134581,134583],{},[18,134582,133384],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1256,134585,134587],{"id":134586},"this-works","This works",[53,134589,134591],{"className":55,"code":134590,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134592,134593,134625],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134594,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134596,292],{"class":68},[62,134598,73],{"class":72},[62,134600,96],{"class":95},[62,134602,259],{"class":76},[62,134604,100],{"class":80},[62,134606,259],{"class":76},[62,134608,103],{"class":95},[62,134610,77],{"class":76},[62,134612,15921],{"class":80},[62,134614,259],{"class":76},[62,134616,103],{"class":95},[62,134618,77],{"class":76},[62,134620,37003],{"class":80},[62,134622,259],{"class":76},[62,134624,114],{"class":95},[62,134626,134627,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134628,128],{"class":127},[62,134630,131],{"class":95},[62,134632,259],{"class":76},[62,134634,399],{"class":80},[62,134636,259],{"class":76},[62,134638,409],{"class":95},[62,134640,133461],{"class":139},[62,134642,131],{"class":95},[62,134644,386],{"class":139},[62,134646,1013],{"class":95},[14,134648,2282],{},[53,134650,134652],{"className":55,"code":134651,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134653,134654],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134655,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134657,100],{"class":99},[62,134659,103],{"class":95},[62,134661,106],{"class":99},[62,134663,103],{"class":95},[62,134665,134666],{"class":99}," 30\n",[1256,134668,134670],{"id":134669},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[53,134672,134674],{"className":55,"code":134673,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134675,134676,134696],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134677,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134679,292],{"class":68},[62,134681,73],{"class":72},[62,134683,96],{"class":95},[62,134685,499],{"class":99},[62,134687,103],{"class":95},[62,134689,284],{"class":99},[62,134691,103],{"class":95},[62,134693,508],{"class":99},[62,134695,114],{"class":95},[62,134697,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134699,128],{"class":127},[62,134701,131],{"class":95},[62,134703,259],{"class":76},[62,134705,399],{"class":80},[62,134707,259],{"class":76},[62,134709,409],{"class":95},[62,134711,133461],{"class":139},[62,134713,131],{"class":95},[62,134715,386],{"class":139},[62,134717,1013],{"class":95},[14,134719,90258,134720,134722],{},[18,134721,1535],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134724,134725],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[53,134727,134729],{"className":55,"code":134728,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134730,134731,134751,134781,134785],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134732,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134734,292],{"class":68},[62,134736,73],{"class":72},[62,134738,96],{"class":95},[62,134740,499],{"class":99},[62,134742,103],{"class":95},[62,134744,284],{"class":99},[62,134746,103],{"class":95},[62,134748,508],{"class":99},[62,134750,114],{"class":95},[62,134752,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134754,2435],{"class":68},[62,134756,73],{"class":72},[62,134758,77],{"class":76},[62,134760,399],{"class":80},[62,134762,259],{"class":76},[62,134764,409],{"class":95},[62,134766,133461],{"class":139},[62,134768,131],{"class":95},[62,134770,40013],{"class":127},[62,134772,131],{"class":95},[62,134774,3646],{"class":430},[62,134776,103],{"class":95},[62,134778,4085],{"class":139},[62,134780,1013],{"class":95},[62,134782,134783],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,134784,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,134786,134787,134789,134791,134793],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,134788,128],{"class":127},[62,134790,131],{"class":95},[62,134792,2470],{"class":139},[62,134794,434],{"class":95},[14,134796,2282],{},[53,134798,134800],{"className":55,"code":134799,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134801,134802],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134803,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134805,499],{"class":99},[62,134807,103],{"class":95},[62,134809,284],{"class":99},[62,134811,103],{"class":95},[62,134813,2781],{"class":99},[14,134815,134816,134817,409],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[262,134818,3779,134819,3712],{"href":42327},[18,134820,47836],{},[1256,134822,134824,134826],{"id":134823},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134825,1548],{}," values do not work directly",[53,134828,134830],{"className":55,"code":134829,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134831,134832,134860],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134833,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134835,292],{"class":68},[62,134837,73],{"class":72},[62,134839,96],{"class":95},[62,134841,259],{"class":76},[62,134843,901],{"class":80},[62,134845,259],{"class":76},[62,134847,103],{"class":95},[62,134849,1797],{"class":1618},[62,134851,103],{"class":95},[62,134853,77],{"class":76},[62,134855,910],{"class":80},[62,134857,259],{"class":76},[62,134859,114],{"class":95},[62,134861,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134863,128],{"class":127},[62,134865,131],{"class":95},[62,134867,259],{"class":76},[62,134869,399],{"class":80},[62,134871,259],{"class":76},[62,134873,409],{"class":95},[62,134875,133461],{"class":139},[62,134877,131],{"class":95},[62,134879,386],{"class":139},[62,134881,1013],{"class":95},[14,134883,134884,134885,409],{},"This also causes a ",[18,134886,1535],{},[14,134888,134889],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[53,134891,134893],{"className":55,"code":134892,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134894,134895,134923,134953,134957],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134896,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134898,292],{"class":68},[62,134900,73],{"class":72},[62,134902,96],{"class":95},[62,134904,259],{"class":76},[62,134906,901],{"class":80},[62,134908,259],{"class":76},[62,134910,103],{"class":95},[62,134912,1797],{"class":1618},[62,134914,103],{"class":95},[62,134916,77],{"class":76},[62,134918,910],{"class":80},[62,134920,259],{"class":76},[62,134922,114],{"class":95},[62,134924,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,134926,2435],{"class":68},[62,134928,73],{"class":72},[62,134930,77],{"class":76},[62,134932,399],{"class":80},[62,134934,259],{"class":76},[62,134936,409],{"class":95},[62,134938,133461],{"class":139},[62,134940,131],{"class":95},[62,134942,40013],{"class":127},[62,134944,131],{"class":95},[62,134946,3646],{"class":430},[62,134948,103],{"class":95},[62,134950,4085],{"class":139},[62,134952,1013],{"class":95},[62,134954,134955],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,134956,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,134958,134959,134961,134963,134965],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,134960,128],{"class":127},[62,134962,131],{"class":95},[62,134964,2470],{"class":139},[62,134966,434],{"class":95},[14,134968,2282],{},[53,134970,134972],{"className":55,"code":134971,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,134973,134974],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,134975,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,134977,901],{"class":68},[62,134979,103],{"class":95},[62,134981,1797],{"class":1618},[62,134983,103],{"class":95},[62,134985,134986],{"class":68}," banana\n",[14,134988,134989,134990,134992],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,134991,1548],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1256,134994,134996,134998],{"id":134995},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,134997,133384],{}," also works with tuples",[53,135000,135002],{"className":55,"code":135001,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,135003,135004,135036],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135005,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135007,5194],{"class":68},[62,135009,73],{"class":72},[62,135011,854],{"class":95},[62,135013,259],{"class":76},[62,135015,218],{"class":80},[62,135017,259],{"class":76},[62,135019,103],{"class":95},[62,135021,77],{"class":76},[62,135023,131390],{"class":80},[62,135025,259],{"class":76},[62,135027,103],{"class":95},[62,135029,77],{"class":76},[62,135031,1061],{"class":80},[62,135033,259],{"class":76},[62,135035,434],{"class":95},[62,135037,135038,135040,135042,135044,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135039,128],{"class":127},[62,135041,131],{"class":95},[62,135043,259],{"class":76},[62,135045,135046],{"class":80}," \u002F ",[62,135048,259],{"class":76},[62,135050,409],{"class":95},[62,135052,133461],{"class":139},[62,135054,131],{"class":95},[62,135056,5237],{"class":139},[62,135058,1013],{"class":95},[14,135060,2282],{},[53,135062,135064],{"className":55,"code":135063,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,135065,135066],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135067,135068,135071,135073,135076,135078],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135069,135070],{"class":68},"Sam ",[62,135072,127194],{"class":72},[62,135074,135075],{"class":68}," Lee ",[62,135077,127194],{"class":72},[62,135079,22495],{"class":68},[48,135081,135083,135084],{"id":135082},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,135085,133384],{},[14,135087,135088],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1256,135090,135092,135093,135095],{"id":135091},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,135094,1535],{}," because not all items are strings",[53,135097,135099],{"className":55,"code":135098,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,135100,135101,135129],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135102,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135104,90],{"class":68},[62,135106,73],{"class":72},[62,135108,96],{"class":95},[62,135110,259],{"class":76},[62,135112,262],{"class":80},[62,135114,259],{"class":76},[62,135116,103],{"class":95},[62,135118,284],{"class":99},[62,135120,103],{"class":95},[62,135122,77],{"class":76},[62,135124,9912],{"class":80},[62,135126,259],{"class":76},[62,135128,114],{"class":95},[62,135130,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135132,128],{"class":127},[62,135134,131],{"class":95},[62,135136,259],{"class":76},[62,135138,77],{"class":76},[62,135140,409],{"class":95},[62,135142,133461],{"class":139},[62,135144,131],{"class":95},[62,135146,161],{"class":139},[62,135148,1013],{"class":95},[14,135150,48663,135151,135153],{},[18,135152,1935],{}," is an integer.",[14,135155,39415],{},[53,135157,135159],{"className":55,"code":135158,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,135160,135161,135189],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135162,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135164,90],{"class":68},[62,135166,73],{"class":72},[62,135168,96],{"class":95},[62,135170,259],{"class":76},[62,135172,262],{"class":80},[62,135174,259],{"class":76},[62,135176,103],{"class":95},[62,135178,284],{"class":99},[62,135180,103],{"class":95},[62,135182,77],{"class":76},[62,135184,9912],{"class":80},[62,135186,259],{"class":76},[62,135188,114],{"class":95},[62,135190,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135192,128],{"class":127},[62,135194,131],{"class":95},[62,135196,259],{"class":76},[62,135198,77],{"class":76},[62,135200,409],{"class":95},[62,135202,133461],{"class":139},[62,135204,131],{"class":95},[62,135206,40013],{"class":127},[62,135208,131],{"class":95},[62,135210,3646],{"class":430},[62,135212,103],{"class":95},[62,135214,6162],{"class":139},[62,135216,3115],{"class":95},[14,135218,135219,135220,409],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[262,135221,25840,135223],{"href":135222},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135224,135225],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1256,135227,135229,135230,135232],{"id":135228},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135231,133384],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135234,4725],{},[53,135236,135238],{"className":55,"code":135237,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135239,135240,135272],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135241,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135243,4270],{"class":68},[62,135245,73],{"class":72},[62,135247,96],{"class":95},[62,135249,259],{"class":76},[62,135251,7488],{"class":80},[62,135253,259],{"class":76},[62,135255,103],{"class":95},[62,135257,77],{"class":76},[62,135259,1791],{"class":80},[62,135261,259],{"class":76},[62,135263,103],{"class":95},[62,135265,77],{"class":76},[62,135267,133442],{"class":80},[62,135269,259],{"class":76},[62,135271,114],{"class":95},[62,135273,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135275,2435],{"class":68},[62,135277,73],{"class":72},[62,135279,6363],{"class":68},[62,135281,409],{"class":95},[62,135283,133461],{"class":139},[62,135285,131],{"class":95},[62,135287,259],{"class":76},[62,135289,77],{"class":76},[62,135291,434],{"class":95},[14,135293,135294,135296],{},[18,135295,133384],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135298,10979],{},[53,135300,135302],{"className":55,"code":135301,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135303,135304,135336,135356,135360],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135305,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135307,4270],{"class":68},[62,135309,73],{"class":72},[62,135311,96],{"class":95},[62,135313,259],{"class":76},[62,135315,7488],{"class":80},[62,135317,259],{"class":76},[62,135319,103],{"class":95},[62,135321,77],{"class":76},[62,135323,1791],{"class":80},[62,135325,259],{"class":76},[62,135327,103],{"class":95},[62,135329,77],{"class":76},[62,135331,133442],{"class":80},[62,135333,259],{"class":76},[62,135335,114],{"class":95},[62,135337,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135339,2435],{"class":68},[62,135341,73],{"class":72},[62,135343,77],{"class":76},[62,135345,77],{"class":76},[62,135347,409],{"class":95},[62,135349,133461],{"class":139},[62,135351,131],{"class":95},[62,135353,4312],{"class":139},[62,135355,434],{"class":95},[62,135357,135358],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,135359,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,135361,135362,135364,135366,135368],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,135363,128],{"class":127},[62,135365,131],{"class":95},[62,135367,2470],{"class":139},[62,135369,434],{"class":95},[1256,135371,135373],{"id":135372},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[53,135375,135377],{"className":55,"code":135376,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135378,135379,135411],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135380,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135382,4270],{"class":68},[62,135384,73],{"class":72},[62,135386,96],{"class":95},[62,135388,259],{"class":76},[62,135390,6776],{"class":80},[62,135392,259],{"class":76},[62,135394,103],{"class":95},[62,135396,77],{"class":76},[62,135398,79218],{"class":80},[62,135400,259],{"class":76},[62,135402,103],{"class":95},[62,135404,77],{"class":76},[62,135406,134188],{"class":80},[62,135408,259],{"class":76},[62,135410,114],{"class":95},[62,135412,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423,135425,135427],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135414,128],{"class":127},[62,135416,131],{"class":95},[62,135418,6467],{"class":76},[62,135420,409],{"class":95},[62,135422,133461],{"class":139},[62,135424,131],{"class":95},[62,135426,4312],{"class":139},[62,135428,1013],{"class":95},[14,135430,2282],{},[53,135432,135434],{"className":55,"code":135433,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"onetwothree\n",[18,135435,135436],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135437,135438],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135439,135433],{"class":68},[14,135441,135442,135443,6822],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135444,133529],{},[1256,135446,135448,135449,131652],{"id":135447},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135450,133384],{},[53,135452,135454],{"className":55,"code":135453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135455,135456,135488,135506,135510],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135457,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135459,4270],{"class":68},[62,135461,73],{"class":72},[62,135463,96],{"class":95},[62,135465,259],{"class":76},[62,135467,262],{"class":80},[62,135469,259],{"class":76},[62,135471,103],{"class":95},[62,135473,77],{"class":76},[62,135475,277],{"class":80},[62,135477,259],{"class":76},[62,135479,103],{"class":95},[62,135481,77],{"class":76},[62,135483,9912],{"class":80},[62,135485,259],{"class":76},[62,135487,114],{"class":95},[62,135489,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135491,259],{"class":43479},[62,135493,2233],{"class":43483},[62,135495,259],{"class":43479},[62,135497,409],{"class":95},[62,135499,133461],{"class":139},[62,135501,131],{"class":95},[62,135503,4312],{"class":139},[62,135505,434],{"class":95},[62,135507,135508],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,135509,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,135511,135512,135514,135516,135518],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,135513,128],{"class":127},[62,135515,131],{"class":95},[62,135517,4312],{"class":139},[62,135519,434],{"class":95},[14,135521,2282],{},[53,135523,135524],{"className":55,"code":43026,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,135525,135526],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135527,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135529,948],{"class":95},[62,135531,3503],{"class":76},[62,135533,262],{"class":80},[62,135535,3503],{"class":76},[62,135537,103],{"class":95},[62,135539,3498],{"class":76},[62,135541,277],{"class":80},[62,135543,3503],{"class":76},[62,135545,103],{"class":95},[62,135547,3498],{"class":76},[62,135549,9912],{"class":80},[62,135551,3503],{"class":76},[62,135553,114],{"class":95},[14,135555,135556,135557,135559],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135558,133384],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[48,135561,135563,135565,135566],{"id":135562},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135564,133384],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135567,2270],{},[14,135569,10761,135570,1940,135572,135574],{},[18,135571,133384],{},[18,135573,2270],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1256,135576,169,135578,135580],{"id":135577},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135579,2270],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[53,135582,135584],{"className":55,"code":135583,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135585,135586,135599,135612,135632,135636],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135587,135588,135591,135593,135595,135597],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135589,135590],{"class":68},"first ",[62,135592,73],{"class":72},[62,135594,77],{"class":76},[62,135596,35029],{"class":80},[62,135598,84],{"class":76},[62,135600,135601,135604,135606,135608,135610],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135602,135603],{"class":68},"second ",[62,135605,73],{"class":72},[62,135607,77],{"class":76},[62,135609,89687],{"class":80},[62,135611,84],{"class":76},[62,135613,135614,135616,135618,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,135615,2435],{"class":68},[62,135617,73],{"class":72},[62,135619,135620],{"class":68}," first ",[62,135622,2270],{"class":72},[62,135624,77],{"class":76},[62,135626,77],{"class":76},[62,135628,2658],{"class":72},[62,135630,135631],{"class":68}," second\n",[62,135633,135634],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,135635,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,135637,135638,135640,135642,135644],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,135639,128],{"class":127},[62,135641,131],{"class":95},[62,135643,2470],{"class":139},[62,135645,434],{"class":95},[14,135647,2282],{},[53,135649,135651],{"className":55,"code":135650,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Hello World\n",[18,135652,135653],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135654,135655],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135656,135650],{"class":68},[1256,135658,169,135660,135662],{"id":135659},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135661,133384],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[53,135664,135666],{"className":55,"code":135665,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135667,135668,135710,135730,135734],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135669,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135689,135691,135693,135695,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135671,4270],{"class":68},[62,135673,73],{"class":72},[62,135675,96],{"class":95},[62,135677,259],{"class":76},[62,135679,7488],{"class":80},[62,135681,259],{"class":76},[62,135683,103],{"class":95},[62,135685,77],{"class":76},[62,135687,135688],{"class":80},"makes",[62,135690,259],{"class":76},[62,135692,103],{"class":95},[62,135694,77],{"class":76},[62,135696,135697],{"class":80},"this",[62,135699,259],{"class":76},[62,135701,103],{"class":95},[62,135703,77],{"class":76},[62,135705,133883],{"class":80},[62,135707,259],{"class":76},[62,135709,114],{"class":95},[62,135711,135712,135714,135716,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135713,2435],{"class":68},[62,135715,73],{"class":72},[62,135717,77],{"class":76},[62,135719,77],{"class":76},[62,135721,409],{"class":95},[62,135723,133461],{"class":139},[62,135725,131],{"class":95},[62,135727,4312],{"class":139},[62,135729,434],{"class":95},[62,135731,135732],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,135733,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,135735,135736,135738,135740,135742],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,135737,128],{"class":127},[62,135739,131],{"class":95},[62,135741,2470],{"class":139},[62,135743,434],{"class":95},[14,135745,2282],{},[53,135747,135749],{"className":55,"code":135748,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135750,135751],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135752,135753],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135754,135748],{"class":68},[14,135756,135757,135759],{},[18,135758,133384],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[29,135761,135762,135765,135768],{},[32,135763,135764],{},"You already have a list of strings",[32,135766,135767],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[32,135769,135770,135771,135773],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135772,2270],{}," operators",[14,135775,135776,135777,409],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[262,135778,135780],{"href":135779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[48,135782,135784],{"id":135783},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135786,9055,135787,135789],{},[18,135788,133384],{}," is not working, check these first:",[29,135791,135792,135795,135800,135809,135815],{},[32,135793,135794],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[32,135796,135797,135798],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135799,1548],{},[32,135801,135802,135803,11264,135806],{},"You may have written ",[18,135804,135805],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135807,135808],{},"string.join(...)",[32,135810,135811,135812,135814],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135813,133384],{}," to change the original iterable",[32,135816,135817],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135819,94327],{},[53,135821,135823],{"className":55,"code":135822,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135824,135825,135839,135849,135873,135913],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,135826,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,135828,128],{"class":127},[62,135830,131],{"class":95},[62,135832,1690],{"class":430},[62,135834,131],{"class":95},[62,135836,161],{"class":139},[62,135838,1013],{"class":95},[62,135840,135841,135843,135845,135847],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,135842,128],{"class":127},[62,135844,131],{"class":95},[62,135846,161],{"class":139},[62,135848,434],{"class":95},[62,135850,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,135852,128],{"class":127},[62,135854,496],{"class":95},[62,135856,1690],{"class":430},[62,135858,131],{"class":95},[62,135860,23470],{"class":139},[62,135862,741],{"class":95},[62,135864,4076],{"class":729},[62,135866,6157],{"class":139},[62,135868,4082],{"class":729},[62,135870,6162],{"class":139},[62,135872,4088],{"class":95},[62,135874,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885,135887,135889,135891,135893,135895,135897,135899,135901,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,135876,128],{"class":127},[62,135878,131],{"class":95},[62,135880,3503],{"class":76},[62,135882,3498],{"class":76},[62,135884,409],{"class":95},[62,135886,133461],{"class":139},[62,135888,496],{"class":95},[62,135890,3503],{"class":76},[62,135892,262],{"class":80},[62,135894,3503],{"class":76},[62,135896,103],{"class":95},[62,135898,3498],{"class":76},[62,135900,277],{"class":80},[62,135902,3503],{"class":76},[62,135904,103],{"class":95},[62,135906,3498],{"class":76},[62,135908,9912],{"class":80},[62,135910,3503],{"class":76},[62,135912,3201],{"class":95},[62,135914,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931,135933,135935,135937,135939,135941,135943,135945,135947,135949,135951],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,135916,128],{"class":127},[62,135918,131],{"class":95},[62,135920,3503],{"class":76},[62,135922,399],{"class":80},[62,135924,3503],{"class":76},[62,135926,409],{"class":95},[62,135928,133461],{"class":139},[62,135930,131],{"class":95},[62,135932,40013],{"class":127},[62,135934,131],{"class":95},[62,135936,3646],{"class":430},[62,135938,103],{"class":95},[62,135940,96],{"class":95},[62,135942,499],{"class":99},[62,135944,103],{"class":95},[62,135946,284],{"class":99},[62,135948,103],{"class":95},[62,135950,508],{"class":99},[62,135952,37427],{"class":95},[14,135954,135955],{},"What these checks do:",[29,135957,135958,135966,135972,135978,135987],{},[32,135959,135960,135963,135964,8279],{},[18,135961,135962],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,135965,161],{},[32,135967,135968,135971],{},[18,135969,135970],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[32,135973,135974,135977],{},[18,135975,135976],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[32,135979,135980,135983,135984,135986],{},[18,135981,135982],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,135985,133384],{}," behavior",[32,135988,135989,135992],{},[18,135990,135991],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[48,135994,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,135996,12875,135998,136000],{"id":135997},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,135999,133384],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136002,136003,136004,136006,136007,409],{},"Not directly. ",[18,136005,133384],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,136008,136009],{},"map(str, values)",[1256,136011,12875,136013,57108],{"id":136012},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,136014,133384],{},[14,136016,136017],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1256,136019,28489,136021,62581],{"id":136020},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,136022,133384],{},[14,136024,42304,136025,136027],{},[18,136026,133384],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1256,136029,5340,136031,40114],{"id":136030},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,136032,136033],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136035,136036],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1256,136038,136040,136041,136043,136044,632],{"id":136039},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,136042,1535],{}," when using ",[18,136045,133384],{},[14,136047,136048],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[48,136050,2109],{"id":2108},[29,136052,136053,136058,136064,136070,136076],{},[32,136054,136055],{},[262,136056,136057],{"href":135779},"How to join strings in Python",[32,136059,136060],{},[262,136061,126302,136062,10912],{"href":128989},[18,136063,60477],{},[32,136065,136066],{},[262,136067,3779,136068,3712],{"href":42327},[18,136069,47836],{},[32,136071,136072],{},[262,136073,30509,136074],{"href":135222},[18,136075,135225],{},[32,136077,136078],{},[262,136079,125057],{"href":397},[14,136081,97297,136082,136084],{},[18,136083,133384],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2145,136086,136087],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":136089},[136090,136091,136093,136096,136103,136113,136121,136131,136138,136139,136151],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":133501,"depth":87,"text":136092},"What join() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":136094},[136095],{"id":49159,"depth":117,"text":49160},{"id":121832,"depth":87,"text":121833,"children":136097},[136098,136099,136100,136101],{"id":133848,"depth":117,"text":133849},{"id":133940,"depth":117,"text":133941},{"id":134041,"depth":117,"text":134042},{"id":134150,"depth":117,"text":136102},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134253,"depth":87,"text":134254,"children":136104},[136105,136107,136109,136111],{"id":134260,"depth":117,"text":136106},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134327,"depth":117,"text":136108},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134416,"depth":117,"text":136110},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134502,"depth":117,"text":136112},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134577,"depth":87,"text":134578,"children":136114},[136115,136116,136117,136119],{"id":134586,"depth":117,"text":134587},{"id":134669,"depth":117,"text":134670},{"id":134823,"depth":117,"text":136118},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134995,"depth":117,"text":136120},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135082,"depth":87,"text":136122,"children":136123},"Common errors with join()",[136124,136126,136128,136129],{"id":135091,"depth":117,"text":136125},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135228,"depth":117,"text":136127},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135372,"depth":117,"text":135373},{"id":135447,"depth":117,"text":136130},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135562,"depth":87,"text":136132,"children":136133},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136134,136136],{"id":135577,"depth":117,"text":136135},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135659,"depth":117,"text":136137},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135783,"depth":87,"text":135784},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":136140},[136141,136143,136145,136147,136149],{"id":135997,"depth":117,"text":136142},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136012,"depth":117,"text":136144},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136020,"depth":117,"text":136146},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136030,"depth":117,"text":136148},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136039,"depth":117,"text":136150},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133376,"description":136152},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136159,"title":136160,"body":136161,"description":137729,"extension":2174,"meta":137730,"navigation":120,"path":137731,"seo":137732,"stem":137733,"__hash__":137734},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136162,"toc":137696},[136163,136168,136173,136175,136189,136234,136241,136246,136251,136253,136269,136278,136280,136282,136297,136299,136309,136311,136373,136375,136378,136439,136441,136457,136459,136472,136475,136522,136524,136530,136533,136536,136596,136604,136690,136694,136699,136701,136715,136718,136803,136806,136864,136875,136930,136932,136939,136945,136951,136995,136998,137045,137047,137049,137056,137058,137089,137092,137094,137125,137129,137132,137134,137174,137176,137219,137225,137230,137232,137259,137264,137267,137316,137320,137323,137398,137409,137412,137469,137476,137482,137490,137495,137502,137509,137527,137529,137583,137591,137593,137598,137601,137607,137613,137618,137621,137627,137633,137640,137648,137650,137693],[10,136164,123302,136166,11494],{"id":136165},"python-string-lower-method",[18,136167,124032],{},[14,136169,123307,136170,136172],{},[18,136171,124032],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136174,24247],{},[29,136176,136177,136180,136183,136186],{},[32,136178,136179],{},"convert text to lowercase",[32,136181,136182],{},"compare text without case differences",[32,136184,136185],{},"clean up user input",[32,136187,136188],{},"make simple text matching easier",[53,136190,136192],{"className":55,"code":136191,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,136193,136194,136207,136221],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136195,136196,136198,136200,136202,136205],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136197,69],{"class":68},[62,136199,73],{"class":72},[62,136201,77],{"class":76},[62,136203,136204],{"class":80},"Hello WORLD",[62,136206,84],{"class":76},[62,136208,136209,136211,136213,136215,136217,136219],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136210,2435],{"class":68},[62,136212,73],{"class":72},[62,136214,42992],{"class":68},[62,136216,409],{"class":95},[62,136218,8819],{"class":139},[62,136220,8822],{"class":95},[62,136222,136223,136225,136227,136229,136231],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136224,128],{"class":127},[62,136226,131],{"class":95},[62,136228,2470],{"class":139},[62,136230,741],{"class":95},[62,136232,136233],{"class":146},"  # hello world\n",[14,136235,136236,88910,136238,136240],{},[3946,136237,83768],{},[18,136239,124032],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[48,136242,3879,136244,3882],{"id":136243},"what-lower-does",[18,136245,124032],{},[14,136247,136248,136250],{},[18,136249,124032],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136252,13222],{},[29,136254,136255,136260,136263,136266],{},[32,136256,136257,136259],{},[18,136258,124032],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[32,136261,136262],{},"It works on string objects",[32,136264,136265],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[32,136267,136268],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136270,125054,136271,136275,136276,409],{},[262,136272,136274],{"href":136273},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[262,136277,398],{"href":397},[48,136279,413],{"id":412},[14,136281,416],{},[53,136283,136285],{"className":55,"code":136284,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.lower()\n",[18,136286,136287],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136288,136289,136291,136293,136295],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136290,61120],{"class":68},[62,136292,409],{"class":95},[62,136294,8819],{"class":139},[62,136296,8822],{"class":95},[14,136298,43801],{},[29,136300,136301,136303,136306],{},[32,136302,97475],{},[32,136304,136305],{},"You call it directly on a string",[32,136307,136308],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136310,201],{},[53,136312,136314],{"className":55,"code":136313,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136315,136316,136339,136343,136356],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136317,136318,136320,136322,136324,136327,136329,136331,136333,136336],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136319,128],{"class":127},[62,136321,131],{"class":95},[62,136323,259],{"class":76},[62,136325,136326],{"class":80},"HELLO",[62,136328,259],{"class":76},[62,136330,409],{"class":95},[62,136332,8819],{"class":139},[62,136334,136335],{"class":95},"())",[62,136337,136338],{"class":146},"  # hello\n",[62,136340,136341],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136342,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136344,136345,136347,136349,136351,136354],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136346,211],{"class":68},[62,136348,73],{"class":72},[62,136350,77],{"class":76},[62,136352,136353],{"class":80},"PyThOn",[62,136355,84],{"class":76},[62,136357,136358,136360,136362,136364,136366,136368,136370],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136359,128],{"class":127},[62,136361,131],{"class":95},[62,136363,329],{"class":139},[62,136365,409],{"class":95},[62,136367,8819],{"class":139},[62,136369,136335],{"class":95},[62,136371,136372],{"class":146},"  # python\n",[48,136374,11648],{"id":11647},[14,136376,136377],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[53,136379,136381],{"className":55,"code":136380,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136382,136383,136395,136399,136414,136418,136429],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136384,136385,136387,136389,136391,136393],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136386,69],{"class":68},[62,136388,73],{"class":72},[62,136390,77],{"class":76},[62,136392,136204],{"class":80},[62,136394,84],{"class":76},[62,136396,136397],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136398,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136400,136401,136404,136406,136408,136410,136412],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136402,136403],{"class":68},"lower_text ",[62,136405,73],{"class":72},[62,136407,42992],{"class":68},[62,136409,409],{"class":95},[62,136411,8819],{"class":139},[62,136413,8822],{"class":95},[62,136415,136416],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136417,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136419,136420,136422,136424,136427],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,136421,128],{"class":127},[62,136423,131],{"class":95},[62,136425,136426],{"class":139},"lower_text",[62,136428,434],{"class":95},[62,136430,136431,136433,136435,136437],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,136432,128],{"class":127},[62,136434,131],{"class":95},[62,136436,140],{"class":139},[62,136438,434],{"class":95},[14,136440,2282],{},[53,136442,136444],{"className":55,"code":136443,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136445,136446,136450],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136447,136448],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136449,134318],{"class":68},[62,136451,136452,136454],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136453,131718],{"class":68},[62,136455,136456],{"class":34616},"WORLD\n",[14,136458,24767],{},[29,136460,136461,136466],{},[32,136462,136463,136465],{},[18,136464,124032],{}," returns the lowercase result",[32,136467,136468,136469,136471],{},"the original ",[18,136470,140],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136473,136474],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[53,136476,136478],{"className":55,"code":136477,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136479,136480,136492,136506,136510],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136481,136482,136484,136486,136488,136490],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136483,69],{"class":68},[62,136485,73],{"class":72},[62,136487,77],{"class":76},[62,136489,136204],{"class":80},[62,136491,84],{"class":76},[62,136493,136494,136496,136498,136500,136502,136504],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136495,69],{"class":68},[62,136497,73],{"class":72},[62,136499,42992],{"class":68},[62,136501,409],{"class":95},[62,136503,8819],{"class":139},[62,136505,8822],{"class":95},[62,136507,136508],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136509,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136511,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136513,128],{"class":127},[62,136515,131],{"class":95},[62,136517,140],{"class":139},[62,136519,741],{"class":95},[62,136521,136233],{"class":146},[48,136523,17584],{"id":17583},[14,136525,136526,22137,136528,409],{},[18,136527,124032],{},[3946,136529,61120],{},[14,136531,136532],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136534,136535],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[53,136537,136539],{"className":55,"code":136538,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136540,136541,136555,136559,136582],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136542,136543,136546,136548,136550,136553],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136544,136545],{"class":68},"answer ",[62,136547,73],{"class":72},[62,136549,77],{"class":76},[62,136551,136552],{"class":80},"YES",[62,136554,84],{"class":76},[62,136556,136557],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136558,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136560,136561,136563,136566,136568,136570,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136562,730],{"class":729},[62,136564,136565],{"class":68}," answer",[62,136567,409],{"class":95},[62,136569,8819],{"class":139},[62,136571,7557],{"class":95},[62,136573,1225],{"class":72},[62,136575,77],{"class":76},[62,136577,8837],{"class":80},[62,136579,259],{"class":76},[62,136581,749],{"class":95},[62,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136585,754],{"class":127},[62,136587,131],{"class":95},[62,136589,259],{"class":76},[62,136591,96784],{"class":80},[62,136593,259],{"class":76},[62,136595,434],{"class":95},[14,136597,136598,136599,267],{},"This is especially useful with ",[262,136600,136601,136602,2508],{"href":8401},"the ",[18,136603,3161],{},[53,136605,136607],{"className":55,"code":136606,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136608,136609,136628,136632,136654,136669,136675],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136610,136611,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621,136624,136626],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136612,136545],{"class":68},[62,136614,73],{"class":72},[62,136616,1329],{"class":127},[62,136618,131],{"class":95},[62,136620,259],{"class":76},[62,136622,136623],{"class":80},"Type yes or no: ",[62,136625,259],{"class":76},[62,136627,434],{"class":95},[62,136629,136630],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136631,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136633,136634,136636,136638,136640,136642,136644,136646,136648,136650,136652],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136635,730],{"class":729},[62,136637,136565],{"class":68},[62,136639,409],{"class":95},[62,136641,8819],{"class":139},[62,136643,7557],{"class":95},[62,136645,1225],{"class":72},[62,136647,77],{"class":76},[62,136649,8837],{"class":80},[62,136651,259],{"class":76},[62,136653,749],{"class":95},[62,136655,136656,136658,136660,136662,136665,136667],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136657,754],{"class":127},[62,136659,131],{"class":95},[62,136661,259],{"class":76},[62,136663,136664],{"class":80},"You typed yes",[62,136666,259],{"class":76},[62,136668,434],{"class":95},[62,136670,136671,136673],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,136672,1431],{"class":729},[62,136674,749],{"class":95},[62,136676,136677,136679,136681,136683,136686,136688],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,136678,754],{"class":127},[62,136680,131],{"class":95},[62,136682,259],{"class":76},[62,136684,136685],{"class":80},"You typed something else",[62,136687,259],{"class":76},[62,136689,434],{"class":95},[48,136691,136693],{"id":136692},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136695,136696,136698],{},[18,136697,124032],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136700,7534],{},[29,136702,136703,136706,136709,136712],{},[32,136704,136705],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[32,136707,136708],{},"Make text matching easier",[32,136710,136711],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[32,136713,136714],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136716,136717],{},"Example: checking user input",[53,136719,136721],{"className":55,"code":136720,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136722,136723,136741,136745,136767,136782,136788],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136724,136725,136727,136729,136731,136733,136735,136737,136739],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136726,45110],{"class":68},[62,136728,73],{"class":72},[62,136730,1329],{"class":127},[62,136732,131],{"class":95},[62,136734,259],{"class":76},[62,136736,45121],{"class":80},[62,136738,259],{"class":76},[62,136740,434],{"class":95},[62,136742,136743],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136744,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136746,136747,136749,136751,136753,136755,136757,136759,136761,136763,136765],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136748,730],{"class":729},[62,136750,36013],{"class":68},[62,136752,409],{"class":95},[62,136754,8819],{"class":139},[62,136756,7557],{"class":95},[62,136758,1225],{"class":72},[62,136760,77],{"class":76},[62,136762,815],{"class":80},[62,136764,259],{"class":76},[62,136766,749],{"class":95},[62,136768,136769,136771,136773,136775,136778,136780],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136770,754],{"class":127},[62,136772,131],{"class":95},[62,136774,259],{"class":76},[62,136776,136777],{"class":80},"Nice choice!",[62,136779,259],{"class":76},[62,136781,434],{"class":95},[62,136783,136784,136786],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,136785,1431],{"class":729},[62,136787,749],{"class":95},[62,136789,136790,136792,136794,136796,136799,136801],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,136791,754],{"class":127},[62,136793,131],{"class":95},[62,136795,259],{"class":76},[62,136797,136798],{"class":80},"Got it.",[62,136800,259],{"class":76},[62,136802,434],{"class":95},[14,136804,136805],{},"Example: simple search",[53,136807,136809],{"className":55,"code":136808,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136810,136811,136824,136828,136849],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136812,136813,136815,136817,136819,136822],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136814,89954],{"class":68},[62,136816,73],{"class":72},[62,136818,77],{"class":76},[62,136820,136821],{"class":80},"Python Is Fun",[62,136823,84],{"class":76},[62,136825,136826],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136827,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136829,136830,136832,136834,136836,136838,136840,136843,136845,136847],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136831,730],{"class":729},[62,136833,77],{"class":76},[62,136835,57],{"class":80},[62,136837,259],{"class":76},[62,136839,21336],{"class":72},[62,136841,136842],{"class":68}," message",[62,136844,409],{"class":95},[62,136846,8819],{"class":139},[62,136848,21757],{"class":95},[62,136850,136851,136853,136855,136857,136860,136862],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136852,754],{"class":127},[62,136854,131],{"class":95},[62,136856,259],{"class":76},[62,136858,136859],{"class":80},"Found it",[62,136861,259],{"class":76},[62,136863,434],{"class":95},[14,136865,136866,136867,136869,136870,267],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136868,124032],{}," is often used with ",[262,136871,136873],{"href":136872},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,136874,41805],{},[53,136876,136878],{"className":55,"code":136877,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,136879,136880,136893,136912,136916],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136881,136882,136884,136886,136888,136891],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136883,211],{"class":68},[62,136885,73],{"class":72},[62,136887,77],{"class":76},[62,136889,136890],{"class":80},"  ALICE  ",[62,136892,84],{"class":76},[62,136894,136895,136898,136900,136902,136904,136906,136908,136910],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136896,136897],{"class":68},"clean_name ",[62,136899,73],{"class":72},[62,136901,36154],{"class":68},[62,136903,409],{"class":95},[62,136905,8813],{"class":139},[62,136907,8816],{"class":95},[62,136909,8819],{"class":139},[62,136911,8822],{"class":95},[62,136913,136914],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136915,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136917,136918,136920,136922,136925,136927],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136919,128],{"class":127},[62,136921,131],{"class":95},[62,136923,136924],{"class":139},"clean_name",[62,136926,741],{"class":95},[62,136928,136929],{"class":146},"  # alice\n",[48,136931,15763],{"id":15762},[14,136933,136934,136935,136938],{},"Strings are ",[3946,136936,136937],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136940,136941,136942,136944],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,136943,124032],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136946,136947,136948,136950],{},"So this does ",[3946,136949,4830],{}," update the original variable:",[53,136952,136954],{"className":55,"code":136953,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,136955,136956,136968,136978,136982],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,136957,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,136959,69],{"class":68},[62,136961,73],{"class":72},[62,136963,77],{"class":76},[62,136965,136326],{"class":80},[62,136967,84],{"class":76},[62,136969,136970,136972,136974,136976],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,136971,140],{"class":68},[62,136973,409],{"class":95},[62,136975,8819],{"class":139},[62,136977,8822],{"class":95},[62,136979,136980],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,136981,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,136983,136984,136986,136988,136990,136992],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,136985,128],{"class":127},[62,136987,131],{"class":95},[62,136989,140],{"class":139},[62,136991,741],{"class":95},[62,136993,136994],{"class":146},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136996,136997],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[53,136999,137001],{"className":55,"code":137000,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137002,137003,137015,137029,137033],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137004,137005,137007,137009,137011,137013],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137006,69],{"class":68},[62,137008,73],{"class":72},[62,137010,77],{"class":76},[62,137012,136326],{"class":80},[62,137014,84],{"class":76},[62,137016,137017,137019,137021,137023,137025,137027],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137018,69],{"class":68},[62,137020,73],{"class":72},[62,137022,42992],{"class":68},[62,137024,409],{"class":95},[62,137026,8819],{"class":139},[62,137028,8822],{"class":95},[62,137030,137031],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,137032,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,137034,137035,137037,137039,137041,137043],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,137036,128],{"class":127},[62,137038,131],{"class":95},[62,137040,140],{"class":139},[62,137042,741],{"class":95},[62,137044,136338],{"class":146},[48,137046,1824],{"id":1823},[1256,137048,25848],{"id":25847},[14,137050,137051,137052,11264,137054,409],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,137053,8819],{},[18,137055,124032],{},[14,137057,16810],{},[53,137059,137061],{"className":55,"code":137060,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,137062,137063,137075],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137064,137065,137067,137069,137071,137073],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137066,69],{"class":68},[62,137068,73],{"class":72},[62,137070,77],{"class":76},[62,137072,136326],{"class":80},[62,137074,84],{"class":76},[62,137076,137077,137079,137081,137083,137085,137087],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137078,128],{"class":127},[62,137080,131],{"class":95},[62,137082,140],{"class":139},[62,137084,409],{"class":95},[62,137086,8819],{"class":24910},[62,137088,434],{"class":95},[14,137090,137091],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137093,16822],{},[53,137095,137097],{"className":55,"code":137096,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137098,137099,137111],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137100,137101,137103,137105,137107,137109],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137102,69],{"class":68},[62,137104,73],{"class":72},[62,137106,77],{"class":76},[62,137108,136326],{"class":80},[62,137110,84],{"class":76},[62,137112,137113,137115,137117,137119,137121,137123],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137114,128],{"class":127},[62,137116,131],{"class":95},[62,137118,140],{"class":139},[62,137120,409],{"class":95},[62,137122,8819],{"class":139},[62,137124,7385],{"class":95},[1256,137126,137128],{"id":137127},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137130,137131],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137133,16810],{},[53,137135,137137],{"className":55,"code":137136,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,137138,137139,137151,137161],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137140,137141,137143,137145,137147,137149],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137142,69],{"class":68},[62,137144,73],{"class":72},[62,137146,77],{"class":76},[62,137148,136326],{"class":80},[62,137150,84],{"class":76},[62,137152,137153,137155,137157,137159],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137154,140],{"class":68},[62,137156,409],{"class":95},[62,137158,8819],{"class":139},[62,137160,8822],{"class":95},[62,137162,137163,137165,137167,137169,137171],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,137164,128],{"class":127},[62,137166,131],{"class":95},[62,137168,140],{"class":139},[62,137170,741],{"class":95},[62,137172,137173],{"class":146},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137175,16822],{},[53,137177,137179],{"className":55,"code":137178,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137180,137181,137193,137207],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137182,137183,137185,137187,137189,137191],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137184,69],{"class":68},[62,137186,73],{"class":72},[62,137188,77],{"class":76},[62,137190,136326],{"class":80},[62,137192,84],{"class":76},[62,137194,137195,137197,137199,137201,137203,137205],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137196,69],{"class":68},[62,137198,73],{"class":72},[62,137200,42992],{"class":68},[62,137202,409],{"class":95},[62,137204,8819],{"class":139},[62,137206,8822],{"class":95},[62,137208,137209,137211,137213,137215,137217],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,137210,128],{"class":127},[62,137212,131],{"class":95},[62,137214,140],{"class":139},[62,137216,741],{"class":95},[62,137218,136338],{"class":146},[1256,137220,1834,137222,137224],{"id":137221},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137223,124032],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137226,137227,137229],{},[18,137228,124032],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137231,16810],{},[53,137233,137235],{"className":55,"code":137234,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137236,137237,137245],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137238,137239,137241,137243],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137240,2422],{"class":68},[62,137242,73],{"class":72},[62,137244,124984],{"class":99},[62,137246,137247,137249,137251,137253,137255,137257],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137248,128],{"class":127},[62,137250,131],{"class":95},[62,137252,2445],{"class":139},[62,137254,409],{"class":95},[62,137256,8819],{"class":139},[62,137258,7385],{"class":95},[14,137260,137261,137262,33763],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137263,124032],{},[14,137265,137266],{},"You can check the type first:",[53,137268,137270],{"className":55,"code":137269,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137271,137272,137284,137288,137302],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137273,137274,137276,137278,137280,137282],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137275,69],{"class":68},[62,137277,73],{"class":72},[62,137279,77],{"class":76},[62,137281,136326],{"class":80},[62,137283,84],{"class":76},[62,137285,137286],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137287,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,137289,137290,137292,137294,137296,137298,137300],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,137291,128],{"class":127},[62,137293,131],{"class":95},[62,137295,1690],{"class":430},[62,137297,131],{"class":95},[62,137299,140],{"class":139},[62,137301,1013],{"class":95},[62,137303,137304,137306,137308,137310,137312,137314],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,137305,128],{"class":127},[62,137307,131],{"class":95},[62,137309,140],{"class":139},[62,137311,409],{"class":95},[62,137313,8819],{"class":139},[62,137315,7385],{"class":95},[1256,137317,137319],{"id":137318},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137321,137322],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[53,137324,137326],{"className":55,"code":137325,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137327,137328,137341,137345,137362,137377,137383],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137329,137330,137332,137334,137336,137339],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137331,136545],{"class":68},[62,137333,73],{"class":72},[62,137335,77],{"class":76},[62,137337,137338],{"class":80},"Yes",[62,137340,84],{"class":76},[62,137342,137343],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137344,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,137346,137347,137349,137352,137354,137356,137358,137360],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,137348,730],{"class":729},[62,137350,137351],{"class":68}," answer ",[62,137353,4888],{"class":72},[62,137355,77],{"class":76},[62,137357,8837],{"class":80},[62,137359,259],{"class":76},[62,137361,749],{"class":95},[62,137363,137364,137366,137368,137370,137373,137375],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,137365,754],{"class":127},[62,137367,131],{"class":95},[62,137369,259],{"class":76},[62,137371,137372],{"class":80},"Match",[62,137374,259],{"class":76},[62,137376,434],{"class":95},[62,137378,137379,137381],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,137380,1431],{"class":729},[62,137382,749],{"class":95},[62,137384,137385,137387,137389,137391,137394,137396],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,137386,754],{"class":127},[62,137388,131],{"class":95},[62,137390,259],{"class":76},[62,137392,137393],{"class":80},"No match",[62,137395,259],{"class":76},[62,137397,434],{"class":95},[14,137399,29222,137400,1940,137403,137406,137407,409],{},[18,137401,137402],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137404,137405],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137408,137393],{},[14,137410,137411],{},"Better:",[53,137413,137415],{"className":55,"code":137414,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137416,137417,137429,137433,137455],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137418,137419,137421,137423,137425,137427],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137420,136545],{"class":68},[62,137422,73],{"class":72},[62,137424,77],{"class":76},[62,137426,137338],{"class":80},[62,137428,84],{"class":76},[62,137430,137431],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137432,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,137434,137435,137437,137439,137441,137443,137445,137447,137449,137451,137453],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,137436,730],{"class":729},[62,137438,136565],{"class":68},[62,137440,409],{"class":95},[62,137442,8819],{"class":139},[62,137444,7557],{"class":95},[62,137446,1225],{"class":72},[62,137448,77],{"class":76},[62,137450,8837],{"class":80},[62,137452,259],{"class":76},[62,137454,749],{"class":95},[62,137456,137457,137459,137461,137463,137465,137467],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,137458,754],{"class":127},[62,137460,131],{"class":95},[62,137462,259],{"class":76},[62,137464,137372],{"class":80},[62,137466,259],{"class":76},[62,137468,434],{"class":95},[1256,137470,44364,137472,137475],{"id":137471},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137473,137474],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137477,137478,137479,137481],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137480,124032],{}," is enough.",[14,137483,137484,137485,137487,137488,409],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137486,137474],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137489,124032],{},[14,137491,137492,137493,122544],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137494,124032],{},[48,137496,137498,10756,137500],{"id":137497},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137499,124032],{},[18,137501,128180],{},[14,137503,137504,1940,137506,137508],{},[18,137505,124032],{},[18,137507,128180],{}," are very similar.",[29,137510,137511,137516,137521,137524],{},[32,137512,137513,137515],{},[18,137514,124032],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[32,137517,137518,137520],{},[18,137519,128180],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[32,137522,137523],{},"Both return new strings",[32,137525,137526],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137528,201],{},[53,137530,137532],{"className":55,"code":137531,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137533,137534,137546,137550,137566],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137535,137536,137538,137540,137542,137544],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137537,69],{"class":68},[62,137539,73],{"class":72},[62,137541,77],{"class":76},[62,137543,129021],{"class":80},[62,137545,84],{"class":76},[62,137547,137548],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137549,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,137551,137552,137554,137556,137558,137560,137562,137564],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,137553,128],{"class":127},[62,137555,131],{"class":95},[62,137557,140],{"class":139},[62,137559,409],{"class":95},[62,137561,8819],{"class":139},[62,137563,136335],{"class":95},[62,137565,136233],{"class":146},[62,137567,137568,137570,137572,137574,137576,137578,137580],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,137569,128],{"class":127},[62,137571,131],{"class":95},[62,137573,140],{"class":139},[62,137575,409],{"class":95},[62,137577,34641],{"class":139},[62,137579,136335],{"class":95},[62,137581,137582],{"class":146},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137584,137585,137586,409],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[262,137587,126302,137589,10912],{"href":137588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137590,128180],{},[48,137592,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,137594,12875,137596,124629],{"id":137595},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137597,124032],{},[14,137599,137600],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1256,137602,12875,137604,137606],{"id":137603},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137605,124032],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137608,137609,137610,409],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137611,137612],{},"string.lower()",[1256,137614,5340,137616,12887],{"id":137615},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137617,124032],{},[14,137619,137620],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1256,137622,28489,137624,137626],{"id":137623},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137625,124032],{}," on user input?",[14,137628,137629,137630,137632],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137631,3161],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1256,137634,5378,137636,1940,137638,632],{"id":137635},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137637,124032],{},[18,137639,137474],{},[14,137641,137642,137644,137645,137647],{},[18,137643,124032],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137646,137474],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[48,137649,2109],{"id":2108},[29,137651,137652,137656,137662,137668,137674,137678,137682,137688],{},[32,137653,137654],{},[262,137655,398],{"href":397},[32,137657,137658],{},[262,137659,126302,137660,10912],{"href":137588},[18,137661,128180],{},[32,137663,137664],{},[262,137665,126302,137666,10912],{"href":136872},[18,137667,41805],{},[32,137669,137670],{},[262,137671,126302,137672,10912],{"href":129883},[18,137673,124473],{},[32,137675,137676],{},[262,137677,124701],{"href":123557},[32,137679,137680],{},[262,137681,90630],{"href":89639},[32,137683,137684],{},[262,137685,3779,137686,3712],{"href":8401},[18,137687,3161],{},[32,137689,137690],{},[262,137691,137692],{"href":136273},"What is a string in Python?",[2145,137694,137695],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":137697},[137698,137700,137701,137702,137703,137704,137705,137714,137716,137728],{"id":136243,"depth":87,"text":137699},"What lower() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":136692,"depth":87,"text":136693},{"id":15762,"depth":87,"text":15763},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":137706},[137707,137708,137709,137711,137712],{"id":25847,"depth":117,"text":25848},{"id":137127,"depth":117,"text":137128},{"id":137221,"depth":117,"text":137710},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137318,"depth":117,"text":137319},{"id":137471,"depth":117,"text":137713},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137497,"depth":87,"text":137715},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":137717},[137718,137720,137722,137724,137726],{"id":137595,"depth":117,"text":137719},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137603,"depth":117,"text":137721},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137615,"depth":117,"text":137723},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137623,"depth":117,"text":137725},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137635,"depth":117,"text":137727},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136160,"description":137729},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137736,"title":137737,"body":137738,"description":139288,"extension":2174,"meta":139289,"navigation":120,"path":139290,"seo":139291,"stem":139292,"__hash__":139293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137739,"toc":139249},[137740,137745,137750,137756,137771,137773,137833,137835,137844,137850,137855,137860,137862,137876,137880,137882,137929,137931,137949,137951,137954,138025,138027,138041,138044,138056,138065,138069,138074,138079,138083,138149,138151,138160,138164,138229,138231,138240,138243,138248,138252,138257,138261,138322,138324,138333,138337,138340,138396,138398,138407,138410,138423,138425,138429,138436,138498,138500,138513,138519,138522,138529,138534,138539,138542,138550,138552,138613,138615,138624,138627,138674,138677,138724,138726,138731,138748,138755,138760,138813,138815,138823,138825,138882,138884,138892,138896,138943,138945,138953,138961,138965,139013,139015,139024,139029,139080,139082,139091,139098,139101,139122,139124,139129,139132,139136,139139,139143,139146,139173,139179,139182,139209,139214,139216,139218,139246],[10,137741,123302,137743,11494],{"id":137742},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137744,124473],{},[14,137746,123307,137747,137749],{},[18,137748,124473],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137751,137752,137753,137755],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137754,124473],{},". You will learn:",[29,137757,137758,137762,137765,137768],{},[32,137759,26180,137760,3882],{},[18,137761,124473],{},[32,137763,137764],{},"how its syntax works",[32,137766,137767],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[32,137769,137770],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[48,137772,51],{"id":50},[53,137774,137776],{"className":55,"code":137775,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137777,137778,137791,137823],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137789],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137781,69],{"class":68},[62,137783,73],{"class":72},[62,137785,77],{"class":76},[62,137787,137788],{"class":80},"I like cats",[62,137790,84],{"class":76},[62,137792,137793,137795,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137810,137812,137814,137816,137819,137821],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137794,130141],{"class":68},[62,137796,73],{"class":72},[62,137798,42992],{"class":68},[62,137800,409],{"class":95},[62,137802,35161],{"class":139},[62,137804,131],{"class":95},[62,137806,259],{"class":76},[62,137808,137809],{"class":80},"cats",[62,137811,259],{"class":76},[62,137813,103],{"class":95},[62,137815,77],{"class":76},[62,137817,137818],{"class":80},"dogs",[62,137820,259],{"class":76},[62,137822,434],{"class":95},[62,137824,137825,137827,137829,137831],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,137826,128],{"class":127},[62,137828,131],{"class":95},[62,137830,130172],{"class":139},[62,137832,434],{"class":95},[14,137834,2282],{},[53,137836,137838],{"className":55,"code":137837,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"I like dogs\n",[18,137839,137840],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137841,137842],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137843,137837],{"class":68},[14,137845,169,137846,137849],{},[18,137847,137848],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[48,137851,3879,137853,3882],{"id":137852},"what-replace-does",[18,137854,124473],{},[14,137856,137857,137859],{},[18,137858,124473],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137861,13222],{},[29,137863,137864,137866,137868,137871],{},[32,137865,133550],{},[32,137867,136268],{},[32,137869,137870],{},"It works on exact matches",[32,137872,137873,137874],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,137875,41411],{},[14,137877,125054,137878,409],{},[262,137879,125057],{"href":397},[48,137881,5629],{"id":5628},[53,137883,137885],{"className":55,"code":137884,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,137886,137887,137907],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137888,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137900,137902,137905],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137890,61120],{"class":68},[62,137892,409],{"class":95},[62,137894,35161],{"class":139},[62,137896,131],{"class":95},[62,137898,137899],{"class":139},"old",[62,137901,103],{"class":95},[62,137903,137904],{"class":139}," new",[62,137906,434],{"class":95},[62,137908,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137910,61120],{"class":68},[62,137912,409],{"class":95},[62,137914,35161],{"class":139},[62,137916,131],{"class":95},[62,137918,137899],{"class":139},[62,137920,103],{"class":95},[62,137922,137904],{"class":139},[62,137924,103],{"class":95},[62,137926,49752],{"class":139},[62,137928,434],{"class":95},[1256,137930,17560],{"id":17559},[29,137932,137933,137938,137944],{},[32,137934,137935,137937],{},[18,137936,137899],{}," = the text to find",[32,137939,137940,137943],{},[18,137941,137942],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[32,137945,137946,137948],{},[18,137947,41411],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[48,137950,5983],{"id":5982},[14,137952,137953],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[53,137955,137957],{"className":55,"code":137956,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137958,137959,137971,138001,138005,138015],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,137960,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,137962,69],{"class":68},[62,137964,73],{"class":72},[62,137966,77],{"class":76},[62,137968,137788],{"class":80},[62,137970,84],{"class":76},[62,137972,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,137974,130141],{"class":68},[62,137976,73],{"class":72},[62,137978,42992],{"class":68},[62,137980,409],{"class":95},[62,137982,35161],{"class":139},[62,137984,131],{"class":95},[62,137986,259],{"class":76},[62,137988,137809],{"class":80},[62,137990,259],{"class":76},[62,137992,103],{"class":95},[62,137994,77],{"class":76},[62,137996,137818],{"class":80},[62,137998,259],{"class":76},[62,138000,434],{"class":95},[62,138002,138003],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138004,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,138006,138007,138009,138011,138013],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,138008,128],{"class":127},[62,138010,131],{"class":95},[62,138012,140],{"class":139},[62,138014,434],{"class":95},[62,138016,138017,138019,138021,138023],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,138018,128],{"class":127},[62,138020,131],{"class":95},[62,138022,130172],{"class":139},[62,138024,434],{"class":95},[14,138026,2282],{},[53,138028,138030],{"className":55,"code":138029,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,138031,138032,138037],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138033,138034],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138035,138036],{"class":68},"I like cats\n",[62,138038,138039],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138040,137837],{"class":68},[14,138042,138043],{},"Notice what happened:",[29,138045,138046,138051],{},[32,138047,138048,138050],{},[18,138049,140],{}," did not change",[32,138052,138053,138055],{},[18,138054,130172],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138057,138058,138059,138061,138062,138064],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3946,138060,136937],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,138063,124473],{}," return a new string instead.",[48,138066,138068],{"id":138067},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138070,89648,138071,138073],{},[18,138072,124473],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138075,138076,138077,36783],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,138078,41411],{},[1256,138080,138082],{"id":138081},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[53,138084,138086],{"className":55,"code":138085,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138087,138088,138101,138135,138139],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138089,138090,138092,138094,138096,138099],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138091,69],{"class":68},[62,138093,73],{"class":72},[62,138095,77],{"class":76},[62,138097,138098],{"class":80},"cat cat cat",[62,138100,84],{"class":76},[62,138102,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138104,2435],{"class":68},[62,138106,73],{"class":72},[62,138108,42992],{"class":68},[62,138110,409],{"class":95},[62,138112,35161],{"class":139},[62,138114,131],{"class":95},[62,138116,259],{"class":76},[62,138118,37209],{"class":80},[62,138120,259],{"class":76},[62,138122,103],{"class":95},[62,138124,77],{"class":76},[62,138126,58072],{"class":80},[62,138128,259],{"class":76},[62,138130,103],{"class":95},[62,138132,270],{"class":99},[62,138134,434],{"class":95},[62,138136,138137],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138138,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,138140,138141,138143,138145,138147],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,138142,128],{"class":127},[62,138144,131],{"class":95},[62,138146,2470],{"class":139},[62,138148,434],{"class":95},[14,138150,2282],{},[53,138152,138154],{"className":55,"code":138153,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dog cat cat\n",[18,138155,138156],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138157,138158],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138159,138153],{"class":68},[1256,138161,138163],{"id":138162},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[53,138165,138167],{"className":55,"code":138166,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138168,138169,138181,138215,138219],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138170,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138172,69],{"class":68},[62,138174,73],{"class":72},[62,138176,77],{"class":76},[62,138178,138098],{"class":80},[62,138180,84],{"class":76},[62,138182,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211,138213],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138184,2435],{"class":68},[62,138186,73],{"class":72},[62,138188,42992],{"class":68},[62,138190,409],{"class":95},[62,138192,35161],{"class":139},[62,138194,131],{"class":95},[62,138196,259],{"class":76},[62,138198,37209],{"class":80},[62,138200,259],{"class":76},[62,138202,103],{"class":95},[62,138204,77],{"class":76},[62,138206,58072],{"class":80},[62,138208,259],{"class":76},[62,138210,103],{"class":95},[62,138212,284],{"class":99},[62,138214,434],{"class":95},[62,138216,138217],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138218,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,138220,138221,138223,138225,138227],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,138222,128],{"class":127},[62,138224,131],{"class":95},[62,138226,2470],{"class":139},[62,138228,434],{"class":95},[14,138230,2282],{},[53,138232,138234],{"className":55,"code":138233,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138235,138236],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138237,138238],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138239,138233],{"class":68},[14,138241,138242],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138244,138245,138246,409],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[262,138247,128026],{"href":124470},[48,138249,138251],{"id":138250},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138253,138254,138256],{},[18,138255,124473],{}," can also change single characters.",[1256,138258,138260],{"id":138259},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[53,138262,138264],{"className":55,"code":138263,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138265,138266,138278,138308,138312],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138267,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138269,69],{"class":68},[62,138271,73],{"class":72},[62,138273,77],{"class":76},[62,138275,910],{"class":80},[62,138277,84],{"class":76},[62,138279,138280,138282,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138281,2435],{"class":68},[62,138283,73],{"class":72},[62,138285,42992],{"class":68},[62,138287,409],{"class":95},[62,138289,35161],{"class":139},[62,138291,131],{"class":95},[62,138293,259],{"class":76},[62,138295,262],{"class":80},[62,138297,259],{"class":76},[62,138299,103],{"class":95},[62,138301,77],{"class":76},[62,138303,60419],{"class":80},[62,138305,259],{"class":76},[62,138307,434],{"class":95},[62,138309,138310],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138311,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,138313,138314,138316,138318,138320],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,138315,128],{"class":127},[62,138317,131],{"class":95},[62,138319,2470],{"class":139},[62,138321,434],{"class":95},[14,138323,2282],{},[53,138325,138327],{"className":55,"code":138326,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"bonono\n",[18,138328,138329],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138330,138331],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138332,138326],{"class":68},[1256,138334,138336],{"id":138335},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138338,138339],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[53,138341,138343],{"className":55,"code":138342,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138344,138345,138358,138382,138386],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138346,138347,138349,138351,138353,138356],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138348,69],{"class":68},[62,138350,73],{"class":72},[62,138352,77],{"class":76},[62,138354,138355],{"class":80},"a b c",[62,138357,84],{"class":76},[62,138359,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370,138372,138374,138376,138378,138380],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138361,2435],{"class":68},[62,138363,73],{"class":72},[62,138365,42992],{"class":68},[62,138367,409],{"class":95},[62,138369,35161],{"class":139},[62,138371,131],{"class":95},[62,138373,259],{"class":76},[62,138375,77],{"class":76},[62,138377,103],{"class":95},[62,138379,6322],{"class":76},[62,138381,434],{"class":95},[62,138383,138384],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138385,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,138387,138388,138390,138392,138394],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,138389,128],{"class":127},[62,138391,131],{"class":95},[62,138393,2470],{"class":139},[62,138395,434],{"class":95},[14,138397,2282],{},[53,138399,138401],{"className":55,"code":138400,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"abc\n",[18,138402,138403],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138404,138405],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138406,138400],{"class":68},[14,138408,138409],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138411,138412,138413,138417,138418,138422],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[262,138414,126302,138415,10912],{"href":128989},[18,138416,60477],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[262,138419,126302,138420,10912],{"href":136872},[18,138421,41805],{}," is often a better choice.",[48,138424,123949],{"id":123948},[14,138426,138427,123760],{},[18,138428,124473],{},[14,138430,127347,138431,1940,138433,127354],{},[18,138432,112986],{},[18,138434,138435],{},"\"Cat\"",[53,138437,138439],{"className":55,"code":138438,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138440,138441,138454,138484,138488],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138442,138443,138445,138447,138449,138452],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138444,69],{"class":68},[62,138446,73],{"class":72},[62,138448,77],{"class":76},[62,138450,138451],{"class":80},"Cat cat CAT",[62,138453,84],{"class":76},[62,138455,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138457,2435],{"class":68},[62,138459,73],{"class":72},[62,138461,42992],{"class":68},[62,138463,409],{"class":95},[62,138465,35161],{"class":139},[62,138467,131],{"class":95},[62,138469,259],{"class":76},[62,138471,37209],{"class":80},[62,138473,259],{"class":76},[62,138475,103],{"class":95},[62,138477,77],{"class":76},[62,138479,58072],{"class":80},[62,138481,259],{"class":76},[62,138483,434],{"class":95},[62,138485,138486],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138487,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,138489,138490,138492,138494,138496],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,138491,128],{"class":127},[62,138493,131],{"class":95},[62,138495,2470],{"class":139},[62,138497,434],{"class":95},[14,138499,2282],{},[53,138501,138503],{"className":55,"code":138502,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138504,138505],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138506,138507,138510],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138508,138509],{"class":68},"Cat dog ",[62,138511,138512],{"class":34616},"CAT\n",[14,138514,138515,138516,138518],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138517,112986],{}," was replaced.",[14,138520,138521],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138523,138524,138525,409],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[262,138526,126302,138527,10912],{"href":124029},[18,138528,124032],{},[48,138530,3879,138532,11876],{"id":138531},"what-replace-returns",[18,138533,124473],{},[14,138535,138536,138538],{},[18,138537,124473],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138540,138541],{},"If no match is found:",[29,138543,138544,138547],{},[32,138545,138546],{},"no error happens",[32,138548,138549],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138551,201],{},[53,138553,138555],{"className":55,"code":138554,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138556,138557,138569,138599,138603],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138558,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138560,69],{"class":68},[62,138562,73],{"class":72},[62,138564,77],{"class":76},[62,138566,81],{"class":80},[62,138568,84],{"class":76},[62,138570,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138572,2435],{"class":68},[62,138574,73],{"class":72},[62,138576,42992],{"class":68},[62,138578,409],{"class":95},[62,138580,35161],{"class":139},[62,138582,131],{"class":95},[62,138584,259],{"class":76},[62,138586,552],{"class":80},[62,138588,259],{"class":76},[62,138590,103],{"class":95},[62,138592,77],{"class":76},[62,138594,11916],{"class":80},[62,138596,259],{"class":76},[62,138598,434],{"class":95},[62,138600,138601],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138602,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,138604,138605,138607,138609,138611],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,138606,128],{"class":127},[62,138608,131],{"class":95},[62,138610,2470],{"class":139},[62,138612,434],{"class":95},[14,138614,2282],{},[53,138616,138618],{"className":55,"code":138617,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"hello\n",[18,138619,138620],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138621,138622],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138623,138617],{"class":68},[14,138625,138626],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[53,138628,138630],{"className":55,"code":138629,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138631,138632,138644],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138633,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138635,69],{"class":68},[62,138637,73],{"class":72},[62,138639,77],{"class":76},[62,138641,60352],{"class":80},[62,138643,84],{"class":76},[62,138645,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670,138672],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138647,130141],{"class":68},[62,138649,73],{"class":72},[62,138651,42992],{"class":68},[62,138653,409],{"class":95},[62,138655,35161],{"class":139},[62,138657,131],{"class":95},[62,138659,259],{"class":76},[62,138661,60537],{"class":80},[62,138663,259],{"class":76},[62,138665,103],{"class":95},[62,138667,77],{"class":76},[62,138669,7488],{"class":80},[62,138671,259],{"class":76},[62,138673,434],{"class":95},[14,138675,138676],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[53,138678,138680],{"className":55,"code":138679,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138681,138682,138694],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138683,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138685,69],{"class":68},[62,138687,73],{"class":72},[62,138689,77],{"class":76},[62,138691,60352],{"class":80},[62,138693,84],{"class":76},[62,138695,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138697,69],{"class":68},[62,138699,73],{"class":72},[62,138701,42992],{"class":68},[62,138703,409],{"class":95},[62,138705,35161],{"class":139},[62,138707,131],{"class":95},[62,138709,259],{"class":76},[62,138711,60537],{"class":80},[62,138713,259],{"class":76},[62,138715,103],{"class":95},[62,138717,77],{"class":76},[62,138719,7488],{"class":80},[62,138721,259],{"class":76},[62,138723,434],{"class":95},[48,138725,4718],{"id":4717},[14,138727,138728,138729,267],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138730,124473],{},[29,138732,138733,138736,138740,138743],{},[32,138734,138735],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[32,138737,8631,138738,131522],{},[18,138739,124473],{},[32,138741,138742],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[32,138744,37366,138745,138747],{},[18,138746,124473],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1256,138749,138751,138752,138754],{"id":138750},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138753,124473],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138756,138757,138758,267],{},"This does not update ",[18,138759,140],{},[53,138761,138763],{"className":55,"code":138762,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138764,138765,138777,138803],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138766,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138768,69],{"class":68},[62,138770,73],{"class":72},[62,138772,77],{"class":76},[62,138774,137788],{"class":80},[62,138776,84],{"class":76},[62,138778,138779,138781,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138780,140],{"class":68},[62,138782,409],{"class":95},[62,138784,35161],{"class":139},[62,138786,131],{"class":95},[62,138788,259],{"class":76},[62,138790,137809],{"class":80},[62,138792,259],{"class":76},[62,138794,103],{"class":95},[62,138796,77],{"class":76},[62,138798,137818],{"class":80},[62,138800,259],{"class":76},[62,138802,434],{"class":95},[62,138804,138805,138807,138809,138811],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138806,128],{"class":127},[62,138808,131],{"class":95},[62,138810,140],{"class":139},[62,138812,434],{"class":95},[14,138814,2282],{},[53,138816,138817],{"className":55,"code":138036,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,138818,138819],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138820,138821],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138822,138036],{"class":68},[14,138824,10979],{},[53,138826,138828],{"className":55,"code":138827,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138829,138830,138842,138872],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138831,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138833,69],{"class":68},[62,138835,73],{"class":72},[62,138837,77],{"class":76},[62,138839,137788],{"class":80},[62,138841,84],{"class":76},[62,138843,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138845,69],{"class":68},[62,138847,73],{"class":72},[62,138849,42992],{"class":68},[62,138851,409],{"class":95},[62,138853,35161],{"class":139},[62,138855,131],{"class":95},[62,138857,259],{"class":76},[62,138859,137809],{"class":80},[62,138861,259],{"class":76},[62,138863,103],{"class":95},[62,138865,77],{"class":76},[62,138867,137818],{"class":80},[62,138869,259],{"class":76},[62,138871,434],{"class":95},[62,138873,138874,138876,138878,138880],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,138875,128],{"class":127},[62,138877,131],{"class":95},[62,138879,140],{"class":139},[62,138881,434],{"class":95},[14,138883,2282],{},[53,138885,138886],{"className":55,"code":137837,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,138887,138888],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138889,138890],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138891,137837],{"class":68},[1256,138893,138895],{"id":138894},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[53,138897,138899],{"className":55,"code":138898,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,138900,138901,138913],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138902,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138904,69],{"class":68},[62,138906,73],{"class":72},[62,138908,77],{"class":76},[62,138910,35029],{"class":80},[62,138912,84],{"class":76},[62,138914,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138916,128],{"class":127},[62,138918,131],{"class":95},[62,138920,140],{"class":139},[62,138922,409],{"class":95},[62,138924,35161],{"class":139},[62,138926,131],{"class":95},[62,138928,259],{"class":76},[62,138930,81],{"class":80},[62,138932,259],{"class":76},[62,138934,103],{"class":95},[62,138936,77],{"class":76},[62,138938,89883],{"class":80},[62,138940,259],{"class":76},[62,138942,1013],{"class":95},[14,138944,2282],{},[53,138946,138947],{"className":55,"code":88896,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,138948,138949],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138950,138951],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138952,88896],{"class":68},[14,138954,138955,138956,1940,138958,138960],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,138957,64481],{},[18,138959,90365],{}," are not the same.",[1256,138962,138964],{"id":138963},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[53,138966,138968],{"className":55,"code":138967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,138969,138970,138983],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,138971,138972,138974,138976,138978,138981],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,138973,69],{"class":68},[62,138975,73],{"class":72},[62,138977,77],{"class":76},[62,138979,138980],{"class":80},"red red red",[62,138982,84],{"class":76},[62,138984,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,138986,128],{"class":127},[62,138988,131],{"class":95},[62,138990,140],{"class":139},[62,138992,409],{"class":95},[62,138994,35161],{"class":139},[62,138996,131],{"class":95},[62,138998,259],{"class":76},[62,139000,797],{"class":80},[62,139002,259],{"class":76},[62,139004,103],{"class":95},[62,139006,77],{"class":76},[62,139008,815],{"class":80},[62,139010,259],{"class":76},[62,139012,1013],{"class":95},[14,139014,2282],{},[53,139016,139018],{"className":55,"code":139017,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"blue blue blue\n",[18,139019,139020],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139021,139022],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139023,139017],{"class":68},[14,139025,139026,139027,267],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,139028,41411],{},[53,139030,139032],{"className":55,"code":139031,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,139033,139034,139046],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139035,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139037,69],{"class":68},[62,139039,73],{"class":72},[62,139041,77],{"class":76},[62,139043,138980],{"class":80},[62,139045,84],{"class":76},[62,139047,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139049,128],{"class":127},[62,139051,131],{"class":95},[62,139053,140],{"class":139},[62,139055,409],{"class":95},[62,139057,35161],{"class":139},[62,139059,131],{"class":95},[62,139061,259],{"class":76},[62,139063,797],{"class":80},[62,139065,259],{"class":76},[62,139067,103],{"class":95},[62,139069,77],{"class":76},[62,139071,815],{"class":80},[62,139073,259],{"class":76},[62,139075,103],{"class":95},[62,139077,270],{"class":99},[62,139079,1013],{"class":95},[14,139081,2282],{},[53,139083,139085],{"className":55,"code":139084,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"blue red red\n",[18,139086,139087],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139088,139089],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139090,139084],{"class":68},[1256,139092,139094,139095,139097],{"id":139093},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,139096,124473],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139099,139100],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[29,139102,139103,139110,139117],{},[32,139104,169,139105,139109],{},[262,139106,139107],{"href":128989},[18,139108,60477],{}," to break a string into a list",[32,139111,169,139112,139116],{},[262,139113,139114],{"href":136872},[18,139115,41805],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[32,139118,169,139119,139121],{},[18,139120,124473],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[48,139123,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,139125,12875,139127,124629],{"id":139126},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,139128,124473],{},[14,139130,139131],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1256,139133,139135],{"id":139134},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139137,139138],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1256,139140,139142],{"id":139141},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139144,139145],{},"Use the third argument:",[53,139147,139149],{"className":55,"code":139148,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,139150,139151],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139152,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139154,140],{"class":68},[62,139156,409],{"class":95},[62,139158,35161],{"class":139},[62,139160,131],{"class":95},[62,139162,137899],{"class":139},[62,139164,103],{"class":95},[62,139166,137904],{"class":139},[62,139168,103],{"class":95},[62,139170,270],{"class":99},[62,139172,434],{"class":95},[1256,139174,5368,139176,139178],{"id":139175},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,139177,124473],{}," remove text?",[14,139180,139181],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[53,139183,139185],{"className":55,"code":139184,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,139186,139187],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139188,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139190,140],{"class":68},[62,139192,409],{"class":95},[62,139194,35161],{"class":139},[62,139196,131],{"class":95},[62,139198,259],{"class":76},[62,139200,552],{"class":80},[62,139202,259],{"class":76},[62,139204,103],{"class":95},[62,139206,6322],{"class":76},[62,139208,434],{"class":95},[1256,139210,15070,139212,124638],{"id":139211},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,139213,124473],{},[14,139215,129831],{},[48,139217,2109],{"id":2108},[29,139219,139220,139224,139230,139236,139242],{},[32,139221,139222],{},[262,139223,124708],{"href":124470},[32,139225,139226],{},[262,139227,126302,139228,10912],{"href":128989},[18,139229,60477],{},[32,139231,139232],{},[262,139233,126302,139234,10912],{"href":136872},[18,139235,41805],{},[32,139237,139238],{},[262,139239,126302,139240,10912],{"href":124029},[18,139241,124032],{},[32,139243,139244],{},[262,139245,125057],{"href":397},[2145,139247,139248],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":139250},[139251,139252,139254,139257,139258,139262,139266,139267,139269,139277,139287],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":137852,"depth":87,"text":139253},"What replace() does",{"id":5628,"depth":87,"text":5629,"children":139255},[139256],{"id":17559,"depth":117,"text":17560},{"id":5982,"depth":87,"text":5983},{"id":138067,"depth":87,"text":138068,"children":139259},[139260,139261],{"id":138081,"depth":117,"text":138082},{"id":138162,"depth":117,"text":138163},{"id":138250,"depth":87,"text":138251,"children":139263},[139264,139265],{"id":138259,"depth":117,"text":138260},{"id":138335,"depth":117,"text":138336},{"id":123948,"depth":87,"text":123949},{"id":138531,"depth":87,"text":139268},"What replace() returns",{"id":4717,"depth":87,"text":4718,"children":139270},[139271,139273,139274,139275],{"id":138750,"depth":117,"text":139272},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138894,"depth":117,"text":138895},{"id":138963,"depth":117,"text":138964},{"id":139093,"depth":117,"text":139276},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":139278},[139279,139281,139282,139283,139285],{"id":139126,"depth":117,"text":139280},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139134,"depth":117,"text":139135},{"id":139141,"depth":117,"text":139142},{"id":139175,"depth":117,"text":139284},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139211,"depth":117,"text":139286},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137737,"description":139288},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139295,"title":139296,"body":139297,"description":141316,"extension":2174,"meta":141317,"navigation":120,"path":141318,"seo":141319,"stem":141320,"__hash__":141321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139298,"toc":141280},[139299,139304,139309,139312,139323,139325,139380,139385,139390,139397,139399,139414,139416,139472,139474,139512,139517,139519,139543,139546,139559,139564,139566,139598,139600,139633,139639,139644,139647,139657,139660,139662,139718,139720,139770,139773,139781,139784,139840,139842,139915,139928,139936,139940,139951,139954,139957,140010,140012,140044,140047,140101,140103,140138,140141,140146,140151,140156,140159,140161,140219,140221,140255,140257,140272,140275,140277,140319,140321,140347,140352,140360,140363,140365,140447,140449,140500,140503,140514,140522,140524,140597,140599,140617,140621,140624,140628,140655,140657,140665,140669,140704,140706,140719,140723,140726,140765,140767,140784,140789,140794,140805,140808,140819,140821,140823,140849,140852,140901,140903,140920,140923,140925,140977,140979,141011,141014,141072,141077,141079,141084,141187,141189,141203,141205,141212,141217,141222,141227,141232,141237,141240,141244,141249,141251,141277],[10,139300,123302,139302,11494],{"id":139301},"python-string-split-method",[18,139303,60477],{},[14,139305,123307,139306,139308],{},[18,139307,60477],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139310,139311],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[29,139313,139314,139317,139320],{},[32,139315,139316],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[32,139318,139319],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[32,139321,139322],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[48,139324,51],{"id":50},[53,139326,139328],{"className":55,"code":139327,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139329,139330,139343,139365,139375],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139331,139332,139334,139336,139338,139341],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139333,69],{"class":68},[62,139335,73],{"class":72},[62,139337,77],{"class":76},[62,139339,139340],{"class":80},"apple,banana,cherry",[62,139342,84],{"class":76},[62,139344,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139346,42987],{"class":68},[62,139348,73],{"class":72},[62,139350,42992],{"class":68},[62,139352,409],{"class":95},[62,139354,34632],{"class":139},[62,139356,131],{"class":95},[62,139358,259],{"class":76},[62,139360,103],{"class":80},[62,139362,259],{"class":76},[62,139364,434],{"class":95},[62,139366,139367,139369,139371,139373],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,139368,128],{"class":127},[62,139370,131],{"class":95},[62,139372,43019],{"class":139},[62,139374,434],{"class":95},[62,139376,139377],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,139378,139379],{"class":146},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139381,169,139382,139384],{},[18,139383,60477],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[48,139386,3879,139388,3882],{"id":139387},"what-split-does",[18,139389,60477],{},[14,139391,139392,132350,139394,409],{},[18,139393,60477],{},[3946,139395,139396],{},"string method",[14,139398,49077],{},[29,139400,139401,139404,139409],{},[32,139402,139403],{},"divides a string into parts",[32,139405,119604,139406],{},[3946,139407,139408],{},"new list of strings",[32,139410,119610,139411,139413],{},[3946,139412,4830],{}," change the original string",[14,139415,201],{},[53,139417,139419],{"className":55,"code":139418,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139420,139421,139434,139448,139452,139462],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139422,139423,139425,139427,139429,139432],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139424,69],{"class":68},[62,139426,73],{"class":72},[62,139428,77],{"class":76},[62,139430,139431],{"class":80},"red blue green",[62,139433,84],{"class":76},[62,139435,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139437,42987],{"class":68},[62,139439,73],{"class":72},[62,139441,42992],{"class":68},[62,139443,409],{"class":95},[62,139445,34632],{"class":139},[62,139447,8822],{"class":95},[62,139449,139450],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,139451,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,139453,139454,139456,139458,139460],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,139455,128],{"class":127},[62,139457,131],{"class":95},[62,139459,140],{"class":139},[62,139461,434],{"class":95},[62,139463,139464,139466,139468,139470],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,139465,128],{"class":127},[62,139467,131],{"class":95},[62,139469,43019],{"class":139},[62,139471,434],{"class":95},[14,139473,2282],{},[53,139475,139477],{"className":55,"code":139476,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139478,139479,139484],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139480,139481],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139482,139483],{"class":68},"red blue green\n",[62,139485,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139487,948],{"class":95},[62,139489,3503],{"class":76},[62,139491,797],{"class":80},[62,139493,3503],{"class":76},[62,139495,103],{"class":95},[62,139497,3498],{"class":76},[62,139499,815],{"class":80},[62,139501,3503],{"class":76},[62,139503,103],{"class":95},[62,139505,3498],{"class":76},[62,139507,806],{"class":80},[62,139509,3503],{"class":76},[62,139511,114],{"class":95},[14,139513,139514,139515,409],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[262,139516,125057],{"href":397},[48,139518,413],{"id":412},[53,139520,139522],{"className":55,"code":139521,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139523,139524],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139525,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139541],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139527,61120],{"class":68},[62,139529,409],{"class":95},[62,139531,34632],{"class":139},[62,139533,131],{"class":95},[62,139535,133706],{"class":139},[62,139537,103],{"class":95},[62,139539,139540],{"class":139}," maxsplit",[62,139542,434],{"class":95},[14,139544,139545],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[29,139547,139548,139553],{},[32,139549,139550,139552],{},[18,139551,133706],{}," tells Python where to split",[32,139554,139555,139558],{},[18,139556,139557],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139560,9055,139561,139563],{},[18,139562,133706],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139565,201],{},[53,139567,139569],{"className":55,"code":139568,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139570,139571,139584],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139572,139573,139575,139577,139579,139582],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139574,69],{"class":68},[62,139576,73],{"class":72},[62,139578,77],{"class":76},[62,139580,139581],{"class":80},"one two three",[62,139583,84],{"class":76},[62,139585,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139587,128],{"class":127},[62,139589,131],{"class":95},[62,139591,140],{"class":139},[62,139593,409],{"class":95},[62,139595,34632],{"class":139},[62,139597,7385],{"class":95},[14,139599,2282],{},[53,139601,139603],{"className":55,"code":139602,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139604,139605],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139606,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139608,948],{"class":95},[62,139610,3503],{"class":76},[62,139612,6776],{"class":80},[62,139614,3503],{"class":76},[62,139616,103],{"class":95},[62,139618,3498],{"class":76},[62,139620,79218],{"class":80},[62,139622,3503],{"class":76},[62,139624,103],{"class":95},[62,139626,3498],{"class":76},[62,139628,134188],{"class":80},[62,139630,3503],{"class":76},[62,139632,114],{"class":95},[48,139634,1834,139636,139638],{"id":139635},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139637,60477],{}," with no separator",[14,139640,70121,139641,139643],{},[18,139642,60477],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139645,139646],{},"Whitespace includes:",[29,139648,139649,139651,139654],{},[32,139650,585],{},[32,139652,139653],{},"tabs",[32,139655,139656],{},"new lines",[14,139658,139659],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139661,201],{},[53,139663,139665],{"className":55,"code":139664,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139666,139667,139690,139704,139708],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139668,139669,139671,139673,139675,139678,139681,139683,139685,139688],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139670,69],{"class":68},[62,139672,73],{"class":72},[62,139674,77],{"class":76},[62,139676,139677],{"class":80},"Python   is",[62,139679,139680],{"class":34616},"\\t",[62,139682,133442],{"class":80},[62,139684,87100],{"class":34616},[62,139686,139687],{"class":80},"and useful",[62,139689,84],{"class":76},[62,139691,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139693,42987],{"class":68},[62,139695,73],{"class":72},[62,139697,42992],{"class":68},[62,139699,409],{"class":95},[62,139701,34632],{"class":139},[62,139703,8822],{"class":95},[62,139705,139706],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,139707,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,139709,139710,139712,139714,139716],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,139711,128],{"class":127},[62,139713,131],{"class":95},[62,139715,43019],{"class":139},[62,139717,434],{"class":95},[14,139719,2282],{},[53,139721,139723],{"className":55,"code":139722,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139724,139725],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139726,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755,139757,139759,139761,139763,139766,139768],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139728,948],{"class":95},[62,139730,3503],{"class":76},[62,139732,7488],{"class":80},[62,139734,3503],{"class":76},[62,139736,103],{"class":95},[62,139738,3498],{"class":76},[62,139740,1791],{"class":80},[62,139742,3503],{"class":76},[62,139744,103],{"class":95},[62,139746,3498],{"class":76},[62,139748,133442],{"class":80},[62,139750,3503],{"class":76},[62,139752,103],{"class":95},[62,139754,3498],{"class":76},[62,139756,130067],{"class":80},[62,139758,3503],{"class":76},[62,139760,103],{"class":95},[62,139762,3498],{"class":76},[62,139764,139765],{"class":80},"useful",[62,139767,3503],{"class":76},[62,139769,114],{"class":95},[14,139771,139772],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1256,139774,139776,10756,139778],{"id":139775},"split-vs-split",[18,139777,60477],{},[18,139779,139780],{},"split(' ')",[14,139782,139783],{},"These are not the same.",[53,139785,139787],{"className":55,"code":139786,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139788,139789,139802,139806,139820],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139790,139791,139793,139795,139797,139800],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139792,69],{"class":68},[62,139794,73],{"class":72},[62,139796,77],{"class":76},[62,139798,139799],{"class":80},"a  b   c",[62,139801,84],{"class":76},[62,139803,139804],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139805,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,139807,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,139809,128],{"class":127},[62,139811,131],{"class":95},[62,139813,140],{"class":139},[62,139815,409],{"class":95},[62,139817,34632],{"class":139},[62,139819,7385],{"class":95},[62,139821,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,139823,128],{"class":127},[62,139825,131],{"class":95},[62,139827,140],{"class":139},[62,139829,409],{"class":95},[62,139831,34632],{"class":139},[62,139833,131],{"class":95},[62,139835,259],{"class":76},[62,139837,77],{"class":76},[62,139839,1013],{"class":95},[14,139841,2282],{},[53,139843,139845],{"className":55,"code":139844,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139846,139847,139875],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139848,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139850,948],{"class":95},[62,139852,3503],{"class":76},[62,139854,262],{"class":80},[62,139856,3503],{"class":76},[62,139858,103],{"class":95},[62,139860,3498],{"class":76},[62,139862,277],{"class":80},[62,139864,3503],{"class":76},[62,139866,103],{"class":95},[62,139868,3498],{"class":76},[62,139870,9912],{"class":80},[62,139872,3503],{"class":76},[62,139874,114],{"class":95},[62,139876,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139878,948],{"class":95},[62,139880,3503],{"class":76},[62,139882,262],{"class":80},[62,139884,3503],{"class":76},[62,139886,103],{"class":95},[62,139888,4040],{"class":76},[62,139890,103],{"class":95},[62,139892,3498],{"class":76},[62,139894,277],{"class":80},[62,139896,3503],{"class":76},[62,139898,103],{"class":95},[62,139900,4040],{"class":76},[62,139902,103],{"class":95},[62,139904,4040],{"class":76},[62,139906,103],{"class":95},[62,139908,3498],{"class":76},[62,139910,9912],{"class":80},[62,139912,3503],{"class":76},[62,139914,114],{"class":95},[29,139916,139917,139922],{},[32,139918,139919,139921],{},[18,139920,60477],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[32,139923,139924,139927],{},[18,139925,139926],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139929,139930,139931,139935],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[262,139932,126302,139933,10912],{"href":136872},[18,139934,41805],{}," is often useful.",[48,139937,139939],{"id":139938},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139941,139942,139943,399,139946,2398,139948,409],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,139944,139945],{},"\",\"",[18,139947,133541],{},[18,139949,139950],{},"\"::\"",[14,139952,139953],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139955,139956],{},"Example with commas:",[53,139958,139960],{"className":55,"code":139959,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139961,139962,139974,139996,140000],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,139963,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,139965,69],{"class":68},[62,139967,73],{"class":72},[62,139969,77],{"class":76},[62,139971,139340],{"class":80},[62,139973,84],{"class":76},[62,139975,139976,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,139977,42987],{"class":68},[62,139979,73],{"class":72},[62,139981,42992],{"class":68},[62,139983,409],{"class":95},[62,139985,34632],{"class":139},[62,139987,131],{"class":95},[62,139989,259],{"class":76},[62,139991,103],{"class":80},[62,139993,259],{"class":76},[62,139995,434],{"class":95},[62,139997,139998],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,139999,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,140001,140002,140004,140006,140008],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,140003,128],{"class":127},[62,140005,131],{"class":95},[62,140007,43019],{"class":139},[62,140009,434],{"class":95},[14,140011,2282],{},[53,140013,140014],{"className":55,"code":78397,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,140015,140016],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140017,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140019,948],{"class":95},[62,140021,3503],{"class":76},[62,140023,901],{"class":80},[62,140025,3503],{"class":76},[62,140027,103],{"class":95},[62,140029,3498],{"class":76},[62,140031,910],{"class":80},[62,140033,3503],{"class":76},[62,140035,103],{"class":95},[62,140037,3498],{"class":76},[62,140039,4295],{"class":80},[62,140041,3503],{"class":76},[62,140043,114],{"class":95},[14,140045,140046],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[53,140048,140050],{"className":55,"code":140049,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140051,140052,140065,140087,140091],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140053,140054,140056,140058,140060,140063],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140055,69],{"class":68},[62,140057,73],{"class":72},[62,140059,77],{"class":76},[62,140061,140062],{"class":80},"2024::10::31",[62,140064,84],{"class":76},[62,140066,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140068,42987],{"class":68},[62,140070,73],{"class":72},[62,140072,42992],{"class":68},[62,140074,409],{"class":95},[62,140076,34632],{"class":139},[62,140078,131],{"class":95},[62,140080,259],{"class":76},[62,140082,76614],{"class":80},[62,140084,259],{"class":76},[62,140086,434],{"class":95},[62,140088,140089],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,140090,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,140092,140093,140095,140097,140099],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,140094,128],{"class":127},[62,140096,131],{"class":95},[62,140098,43019],{"class":139},[62,140100,434],{"class":95},[14,140102,2282],{},[53,140104,140106],{"className":55,"code":140105,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,140107,140108],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140109,140110,140112,140114,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140134,140136],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140111,948],{"class":95},[62,140113,3503],{"class":76},[62,140115,140116],{"class":80},"2024",[62,140118,3503],{"class":76},[62,140120,103],{"class":95},[62,140122,3498],{"class":76},[62,140124,100],{"class":80},[62,140126,3503],{"class":76},[62,140128,103],{"class":95},[62,140130,3498],{"class":76},[62,140132,140133],{"class":80},"31",[62,140135,3503],{"class":76},[62,140137,114],{"class":95},[14,140139,140140],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140142,140143,140144,409],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[262,140145,128986],{"href":128985},[48,140147,1834,140149],{"id":140148},"using-maxsplit",[18,140150,139557],{},[14,140152,140153,140155],{},[18,140154,139557],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140157,140158],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140160,201],{},[53,140162,140164],{"className":55,"code":140163,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140165,140166,140179,140205,140209],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140177],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140169,69],{"class":68},[62,140171,73],{"class":72},[62,140173,77],{"class":76},[62,140175,140176],{"class":80},"name:age:city:country",[62,140178,84],{"class":76},[62,140180,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140182,42987],{"class":68},[62,140184,73],{"class":72},[62,140186,42992],{"class":68},[62,140188,409],{"class":95},[62,140190,34632],{"class":139},[62,140192,131],{"class":95},[62,140194,259],{"class":76},[62,140196,267],{"class":80},[62,140198,259],{"class":76},[62,140200,103],{"class":95},[62,140202,284],{"class":99},[62,140204,434],{"class":95},[62,140206,140207],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,140208,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,140210,140211,140213,140215,140217],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,140212,128],{"class":127},[62,140214,131],{"class":95},[62,140216,43019],{"class":139},[62,140218,434],{"class":95},[14,140220,2282],{},[53,140222,140224],{"className":55,"code":140223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140225,140226],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140227,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140251,140253],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140229,948],{"class":95},[62,140231,3503],{"class":76},[62,140233,329],{"class":80},[62,140235,3503],{"class":76},[62,140237,103],{"class":95},[62,140239,3498],{"class":76},[62,140241,1073],{"class":80},[62,140243,3503],{"class":76},[62,140245,103],{"class":95},[62,140247,3498],{"class":76},[62,140249,140250],{"class":80},"city:country",[62,140252,3503],{"class":76},[62,140254,114],{"class":95},[14,140256,2386],{},[29,140258,140259,140264,140269],{},[32,140260,140261,140262],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140263,267],{},[32,140265,140266,140267],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140268,267],{},[32,140270,140271],{},"then stops",[14,140273,140274],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140276,1578],{},[53,140278,140280],{"className":55,"code":140279,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140281,140282,140295],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290,140293],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140285,69],{"class":68},[62,140287,73],{"class":72},[62,140289,77],{"class":76},[62,140291,140292],{"class":80},"apple banana cherry grape",[62,140294,84],{"class":76},[62,140296,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315,140317],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140298,128],{"class":127},[62,140300,131],{"class":95},[62,140302,140],{"class":139},[62,140304,409],{"class":95},[62,140306,34632],{"class":139},[62,140308,131],{"class":95},[62,140310,259],{"class":76},[62,140312,77],{"class":76},[62,140314,103],{"class":95},[62,140316,270],{"class":99},[62,140318,1013],{"class":95},[14,140320,2282],{},[53,140322,140324],{"className":55,"code":140323,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140325,140326],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140327,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140343,140345],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140329,948],{"class":95},[62,140331,3503],{"class":76},[62,140333,901],{"class":80},[62,140335,3503],{"class":76},[62,140337,103],{"class":95},[62,140339,3498],{"class":76},[62,140341,140342],{"class":80},"banana cherry grape",[62,140344,3503],{"class":76},[62,140346,114],{"class":95},[48,140348,3879,140350,11876],{"id":140349},"what-split-returns",[18,140351,60477],{},[14,140353,140354,140355,140357,140358,409],{},"The result of ",[18,140356,60477],{}," is always a ",[3946,140359,8276],{},[14,140361,140362],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140364,201],{},[53,140366,140368],{"className":55,"code":140367,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140369,140370,140383,140405,140409,140419,140433],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140371,140372,140374,140376,140378,140381],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140373,69],{"class":68},[62,140375,73],{"class":72},[62,140377,77],{"class":76},[62,140379,140380],{"class":80},"cat,dog,bird",[62,140382,84],{"class":76},[62,140384,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140403],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140386,42987],{"class":68},[62,140388,73],{"class":72},[62,140390,42992],{"class":68},[62,140392,409],{"class":95},[62,140394,34632],{"class":139},[62,140396,131],{"class":95},[62,140398,259],{"class":76},[62,140400,103],{"class":80},[62,140402,259],{"class":76},[62,140404,434],{"class":95},[62,140406,140407],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,140408,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,140410,140411,140413,140415,140417],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,140412,128],{"class":127},[62,140414,131],{"class":95},[62,140416,43019],{"class":139},[62,140418,434],{"class":95},[62,140420,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,140422,128],{"class":127},[62,140424,131],{"class":95},[62,140426,1690],{"class":430},[62,140428,131],{"class":95},[62,140430,43019],{"class":139},[62,140432,1013],{"class":95},[62,140434,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,140436,128],{"class":127},[62,140438,131],{"class":95},[62,140440,43019],{"class":139},[62,140442,948],{"class":95},[62,140444,665],{"class":99},[62,140446,4088],{"class":95},[14,140448,2282],{},[53,140450,140452],{"className":55,"code":140451,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140453,140454,140482,140496],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140455,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140457,948],{"class":95},[62,140459,3503],{"class":76},[62,140461,37209],{"class":80},[62,140463,3503],{"class":76},[62,140465,103],{"class":95},[62,140467,3498],{"class":76},[62,140469,58072],{"class":80},[62,140471,3503],{"class":76},[62,140473,103],{"class":95},[62,140475,3498],{"class":76},[62,140477,58089],{"class":80},[62,140479,3503],{"class":76},[62,140481,114],{"class":95},[62,140483,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140485,3492],{"class":72},[62,140487,3495],{"class":2276},[62,140489,3498],{"class":76},[62,140491,8276],{"class":80},[62,140493,3503],{"class":76},[62,140495,3506],{"class":72},[62,140497,140498],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,140499,85416],{"class":68},[14,140501,140502],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[29,140504,140505,140508,140511],{},[32,140506,140507],{},"loop over it",[32,140509,140510],{},"access items by index",[32,140512,140513],{},"combine items again later",[14,140515,140516,140517,409],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[262,140518,126302,140520,10912],{"href":140519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140521,133384],{},[14,140523,201],{},[53,140525,140527],{"className":55,"code":140526,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140528,140529,140561,140583,140587],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140530,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140532,42987],{"class":68},[62,140534,73],{"class":72},[62,140536,96],{"class":95},[62,140538,3503],{"class":76},[62,140540,37209],{"class":80},[62,140542,3503],{"class":76},[62,140544,103],{"class":95},[62,140546,3498],{"class":76},[62,140548,58072],{"class":80},[62,140550,3503],{"class":76},[62,140552,103],{"class":95},[62,140554,3498],{"class":76},[62,140556,58089],{"class":80},[62,140558,3503],{"class":76},[62,140560,114],{"class":95},[62,140562,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140564,69],{"class":68},[62,140566,73],{"class":72},[62,140568,77],{"class":76},[62,140570,2233],{"class":80},[62,140572,259],{"class":76},[62,140574,409],{"class":95},[62,140576,133461],{"class":139},[62,140578,131],{"class":95},[62,140580,43019],{"class":139},[62,140582,434],{"class":95},[62,140584,140585],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,140586,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,140588,140589,140591,140593,140595],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,140590,128],{"class":127},[62,140592,131],{"class":95},[62,140594,140],{"class":139},[62,140596,434],{"class":95},[14,140598,2282],{},[53,140600,140602],{"className":55,"code":140601,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140603,140604],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140605,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140607,37209],{"class":68},[62,140609,2233],{"class":72},[62,140611,58072],{"class":68},[62,140613,2233],{"class":72},[62,140615,140616],{"class":68},"bird\n",[48,140618,140620],{"id":140619},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140622,140623],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1256,140625,140627],{"id":140626},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[53,140629,140631],{"className":55,"code":140630,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140632,140633,140641],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140634,140635,140637,140639],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140636,69],{"class":68},[62,140638,73],{"class":72},[62,140640,680],{"class":76},[62,140642,140643,140645,140647,140649,140651,140653],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140644,128],{"class":127},[62,140646,131],{"class":95},[62,140648,140],{"class":139},[62,140650,409],{"class":95},[62,140652,34632],{"class":139},[62,140654,7385],{"class":95},[14,140656,2282],{},[53,140658,140659],{"className":55,"code":38453,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,140660,140661],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140662,140663],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140664,38453],{"class":95},[1256,140666,140668],{"id":140667},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[53,140670,140672],{"className":55,"code":140671,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140673,140674,140682],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140675,140676,140678,140680],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140677,69],{"class":68},[62,140679,73],{"class":72},[62,140681,680],{"class":76},[62,140683,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140685,128],{"class":127},[62,140687,131],{"class":95},[62,140689,140],{"class":139},[62,140691,409],{"class":95},[62,140693,34632],{"class":139},[62,140695,131],{"class":95},[62,140697,259],{"class":76},[62,140699,103],{"class":80},[62,140701,259],{"class":76},[62,140703,1013],{"class":95},[14,140705,2282],{},[53,140707,140709],{"className":55,"code":140708,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['']\n",[18,140710,140711],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140712,140713,140715,140717],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140714,948],{"class":95},[62,140716,3977],{"class":76},[62,140718,114],{"class":95},[1256,140720,140722],{"id":140721},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140724,140725],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[53,140727,140729],{"className":55,"code":140728,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140730,140731,140743],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140732,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140734,69],{"class":68},[62,140736,73],{"class":72},[62,140738,77],{"class":76},[62,140740,81],{"class":80},[62,140742,84],{"class":76},[62,140744,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140746,128],{"class":127},[62,140748,131],{"class":95},[62,140750,140],{"class":139},[62,140752,409],{"class":95},[62,140754,34632],{"class":139},[62,140756,131],{"class":95},[62,140758,259],{"class":76},[62,140760,103],{"class":80},[62,140762,259],{"class":76},[62,140764,1013],{"class":95},[14,140766,2282],{},[53,140768,140770],{"className":55,"code":140769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"['hello']\n",[18,140771,140772],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140773,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140775,948],{"class":95},[62,140777,3503],{"class":76},[62,140779,81],{"class":80},[62,140781,3503],{"class":76},[62,140783,114],{"class":95},[48,140785,5160,140787],{"id":140786},"when-to-use-split",[18,140788,60477],{},[14,140790,169,140791,140793],{},[18,140792,60477],{}," when you need to:",[29,140795,140796,140799,140802],{},[32,140797,140798],{},"split a sentence into words",[32,140800,140801],{},"split comma-separated values",[32,140803,140804],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140806,140807],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[29,140809,140810,140813,140816],{},[32,140811,140812],{},"cleaning text",[32,140814,140815],{},"parsing user input",[32,140817,140818],{},"processing simple file content",[48,140820,1824],{"id":1823},[14,140822,84187],{},[29,140824,140825,140829,140835,140838,140846],{},[32,140826,50656,140827,131522],{},[18,140828,60477],{},[32,140830,140831,140832,140834],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140833,60477],{}," returns a list, not a string",[32,140836,140837],{},"using the wrong separator",[32,140839,140840,140841,140843,140844],{},"assuming ",[18,140842,139780],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140845,60477],{},[32,140847,140848],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140850,140851],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[53,140853,140855],{"className":55,"code":140854,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140856,140857,140869,140887,140891],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140858,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140860,69],{"class":68},[62,140862,73],{"class":72},[62,140864,77],{"class":76},[62,140866,42980],{"class":80},[62,140868,84],{"class":76},[62,140870,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140872,140],{"class":68},[62,140874,409],{"class":95},[62,140876,34632],{"class":139},[62,140878,131],{"class":95},[62,140880,259],{"class":76},[62,140882,103],{"class":80},[62,140884,259],{"class":76},[62,140886,434],{"class":95},[62,140888,140889],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,140890,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,140892,140893,140895,140897,140899],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,140894,128],{"class":127},[62,140896,131],{"class":95},[62,140898,140],{"class":139},[62,140900,434],{"class":95},[14,140902,2282],{},[53,140904,140906],{"className":55,"code":140905,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a,b,c\n",[18,140907,140908],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140909,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140911,262],{"class":68},[62,140913,103],{"class":95},[62,140915,277],{"class":68},[62,140917,103],{"class":95},[62,140919,69193],{"class":68},[14,140921,140922],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140924,10979],{},[53,140926,140927],{"className":55,"code":42967,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,140928,140929,140941,140963,140967],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140930,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140932,69],{"class":68},[62,140934,73],{"class":72},[62,140936,77],{"class":76},[62,140938,42980],{"class":80},[62,140940,84],{"class":76},[62,140942,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953,140955,140957,140959,140961],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,140944,42987],{"class":68},[62,140946,73],{"class":72},[62,140948,42992],{"class":68},[62,140950,409],{"class":95},[62,140952,34632],{"class":139},[62,140954,131],{"class":95},[62,140956,259],{"class":76},[62,140958,103],{"class":80},[62,140960,259],{"class":76},[62,140962,434],{"class":95},[62,140964,140965],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,140966,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,140968,140969,140971,140973,140975],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,140970,128],{"class":127},[62,140972,131],{"class":95},[62,140974,43019],{"class":139},[62,140976,434],{"class":95},[14,140978,2282],{},[53,140980,140981],{"className":55,"code":43026,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,140982,140983],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,140984,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007,141009],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,140986,948],{"class":95},[62,140988,3503],{"class":76},[62,140990,262],{"class":80},[62,140992,3503],{"class":76},[62,140994,103],{"class":95},[62,140996,3498],{"class":76},[62,140998,277],{"class":80},[62,141000,3503],{"class":76},[62,141002,103],{"class":95},[62,141004,3498],{"class":76},[62,141006,9912],{"class":80},[62,141008,3503],{"class":76},[62,141010,114],{"class":95},[14,141012,141013],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[53,141015,141017],{"className":55,"code":141016,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,141018,141019,141032,141054,141058],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141020,141021,141023,141025,141027,141030],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141022,69],{"class":68},[62,141024,73],{"class":72},[62,141026,77],{"class":76},[62,141028,141029],{"class":80},"apple,banana",[62,141031,84],{"class":76},[62,141033,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141035,42987],{"class":68},[62,141037,73],{"class":72},[62,141039,42992],{"class":68},[62,141041,409],{"class":95},[62,141043,34632],{"class":139},[62,141045,131],{"class":95},[62,141047,259],{"class":76},[62,141049,103],{"class":80},[62,141051,259],{"class":76},[62,141053,434],{"class":95},[62,141055,141056],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,141057,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,141059,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,141061,128],{"class":127},[62,141063,131],{"class":95},[62,141065,43019],{"class":139},[62,141067,948],{"class":95},[62,141069,1935],{"class":99},[62,141071,4088],{"class":95},[14,141073,141074,141075,409],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[262,141076,69206],{"href":69205},[1256,141078,60656],{"id":60655},[14,141080,9055,141081,141083],{},[18,141082,60477],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[53,141085,141087],{"className":55,"code":141086,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,141088,141089,141099,141113,141135,141161],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141090,141091,141093,141095,141097],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141092,128],{"class":127},[62,141094,131],{"class":95},[62,141096,140],{"class":139},[62,141098,434],{"class":95},[62,141100,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141102,128],{"class":127},[62,141104,131],{"class":95},[62,141106,140],{"class":139},[62,141108,409],{"class":95},[62,141110,34632],{"class":139},[62,141112,7385],{"class":95},[62,141114,141115,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129,141131,141133],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,141116,128],{"class":127},[62,141118,131],{"class":95},[62,141120,140],{"class":139},[62,141122,409],{"class":95},[62,141124,34632],{"class":139},[62,141126,131],{"class":95},[62,141128,3503],{"class":76},[62,141130,103],{"class":80},[62,141132,3503],{"class":76},[62,141134,1013],{"class":95},[62,141136,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,141138,128],{"class":127},[62,141140,131],{"class":95},[62,141142,134],{"class":127},[62,141144,131],{"class":95},[62,141146,140],{"class":139},[62,141148,409],{"class":95},[62,141150,34632],{"class":139},[62,141152,131],{"class":95},[62,141154,3503],{"class":76},[62,141156,103],{"class":80},[62,141158,3503],{"class":76},[62,141160,3115],{"class":95},[62,141162,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,141164,128],{"class":127},[62,141166,131],{"class":95},[62,141168,1690],{"class":430},[62,141170,131],{"class":95},[62,141172,140],{"class":139},[62,141174,409],{"class":95},[62,141176,34632],{"class":139},[62,141178,131],{"class":95},[62,141180,3503],{"class":76},[62,141182,103],{"class":80},[62,141184,3503],{"class":76},[62,141186,3115],{"class":95},[14,141188,11342],{},[29,141190,141191,141194,141197,141200],{},[32,141192,141193],{},"what the original string looks like",[32,141195,141196],{},"which separator works",[32,141198,141199],{},"how many items were created",[32,141201,141202],{},"that the result is a list",[48,141204,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,141206,5378,141208,1940,141210,632],{"id":141207},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,141209,60477],{},[18,141211,139780],{},[14,141213,141214,141216],{},[18,141215,60477],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141218,141219,141221],{},[18,141220,139780],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1256,141223,12875,141225,124629],{"id":141224},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141226,60477],{},[14,141228,141229,141230,56423],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141231,60477],{},[1256,141233,5340,141235,40114],{"id":141234},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141236,139557],{},[14,141238,141239],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1256,141241,141243],{"id":141242},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141245,29222,141246,141248],{},[18,141247,60477],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[48,141250,2109],{"id":2108},[29,141252,141253,141257,141263,141269,141273],{},[32,141254,141255],{},[262,141256,129907],{"href":128985},[32,141258,141259],{},[262,141260,126302,141261,10912],{"href":140519},[18,141262,133384],{},[32,141264,141265],{},[262,141266,126302,141267,10912],{"href":136872},[18,141268,41805],{},[32,141270,141271],{},[262,141272,125057],{"href":397},[32,141274,141275],{},[262,141276,69206],{"href":69205},[2145,141278,141279],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":141281},[141282,141283,141285,141286,141291,141292,141294,141296,141301,141303,141306,141315],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":139387,"depth":87,"text":141284},"What split() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":139635,"depth":87,"text":141287,"children":141288},"Using split() with no separator",[141289],{"id":139775,"depth":117,"text":141290},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139938,"depth":87,"text":139939},{"id":140148,"depth":87,"text":141293},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140349,"depth":87,"text":141295},"What split() returns",{"id":140619,"depth":87,"text":140620,"children":141297},[141298,141299,141300],{"id":140626,"depth":117,"text":140627},{"id":140667,"depth":117,"text":140668},{"id":140721,"depth":117,"text":140722},{"id":140786,"depth":87,"text":141302},"When to use split()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":141304},[141305],{"id":60655,"depth":117,"text":60656},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":141307},[141308,141310,141312,141314],{"id":141207,"depth":117,"text":141309},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141224,"depth":117,"text":141311},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141234,"depth":117,"text":141313},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141242,"depth":117,"text":141243},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139296,"description":141316},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141323,"title":141324,"body":141325,"description":143268,"extension":2174,"meta":143269,"navigation":120,"path":143270,"seo":143271,"stem":143272,"__hash__":143273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141326,"toc":143227},[141327,141332,141337,141344,141417,141422,141427,141432,141448,141450,141520,141522,141524,141544,141546,141591,141596,141598,141696,141701,141705,141710,141714,141717,141759,141763,141766,141811,141815,141818,141868,141872,141877,141929,141931,141936,141947,141952,142032,142034,142046,142055,142062,142077,142079,142194,142200,142204,142207,142212,142354,142357,142364,142366,142370,142378,142447,142453,142502,142507,142512,142514,142534,142536,142602,142604,142608,142611,142615,142656,142658,142691,142696,142699,142726,142728,142771,142778,142783,142793,142859,142863,142871,142876,142927,142931,142934,142936,142945,142947,142997,142999,143106,143108,143113,143120,143126,143129,143160,143165,143167,143174,143182,143191,143194,143196,143224],[10,141328,123302,141330,11494],{"id":141329},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141331,127670],{},[14,141333,123307,141334,141336],{},[18,141335,127670],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141338,126368,141339,2022,141341,141343],{},[18,141340,3808],{},[18,141342,2098],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[53,141345,141347],{"className":55,"code":141346,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141348,141349,141362,141366,141391],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141350,141351,141353,141355,141357,141360],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141352,69],{"class":68},[62,141354,73],{"class":72},[62,141356,77],{"class":76},[62,141358,141359],{"class":80},"Python Beginner Help",[62,141361,84],{"class":76},[62,141363,141364],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141365,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,141367,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,141369,128],{"class":127},[62,141371,131],{"class":95},[62,141373,140],{"class":139},[62,141375,409],{"class":95},[62,141377,141378],{"class":139},"startswith",[62,141380,131],{"class":95},[62,141382,259],{"class":76},[62,141384,7488],{"class":80},[62,141386,259],{"class":76},[62,141388,143],{"class":95},[62,141390,44006],{"class":146},[62,141392,141393,141395,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141410,141412,141414],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,141394,128],{"class":127},[62,141396,131],{"class":95},[62,141398,140],{"class":139},[62,141400,409],{"class":95},[62,141402,141378],{"class":139},[62,141404,131],{"class":95},[62,141406,259],{"class":76},[62,141408,141409],{"class":80},"Beginner",[62,141411,259],{"class":76},[62,141413,143],{"class":95},[62,141415,141416],{"class":146}," # False\n",[14,141418,169,141419,141421],{},[18,141420,127670],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[48,141423,3879,141425,3882],{"id":141424},"what-startswith-does",[18,141426,127670],{},[14,141428,141429,141431],{},[18,141430,127670],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[29,141433,141434,141437,141443,141445],{},[32,141435,141436],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[32,141438,5346,141439,2022,141441],{},[18,141440,3808],{},[18,141442,2098],{},[32,141444,123445],{},[32,141446,141447],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141449,201],{},[53,141451,141453],{"className":55,"code":141452,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141454,141455,141467,141471,141496],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141456,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141458,211],{"class":68},[62,141460,73],{"class":72},[62,141462,77],{"class":76},[62,141464,7488],{"class":80},[62,141466,84],{"class":76},[62,141468,141469],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141470,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,141472,141473,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141490,141492,141494],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,141474,128],{"class":127},[62,141476,131],{"class":95},[62,141478,329],{"class":139},[62,141480,409],{"class":95},[62,141482,141378],{"class":139},[62,141484,131],{"class":95},[62,141486,259],{"class":76},[62,141488,141489],{"class":80},"Py",[62,141491,259],{"class":76},[62,141493,143],{"class":95},[62,141495,44006],{"class":146},[62,141497,141498,141500,141502,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,141499,128],{"class":127},[62,141501,131],{"class":95},[62,141503,329],{"class":139},[62,141505,409],{"class":95},[62,141507,141378],{"class":139},[62,141509,131],{"class":95},[62,141511,259],{"class":76},[62,141513,128748],{"class":80},[62,141515,259],{"class":76},[62,141517,143],{"class":95},[62,141519,44023],{"class":146},[48,141521,413],{"id":412},[14,141523,42536],{},[53,141525,141527],{"className":55,"code":141526,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141528,141529],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141530,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539,141542],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141532,61120],{"class":68},[62,141534,409],{"class":95},[62,141536,141378],{"class":139},[62,141538,131],{"class":95},[62,141540,141541],{"class":139},"prefix",[62,141543,434],{"class":95},[14,141545,30926],{},[53,141547,141549],{"className":55,"code":141548,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141550,141551,141569],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141552,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141554,61120],{"class":68},[62,141556,409],{"class":95},[62,141558,141378],{"class":139},[62,141560,131],{"class":95},[62,141562,141541],{"class":139},[62,141564,103],{"class":95},[62,141566,36214],{"class":139},[62,141568,434],{"class":95},[62,141570,141571,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141572,61120],{"class":68},[62,141574,409],{"class":95},[62,141576,141378],{"class":139},[62,141578,131],{"class":95},[62,141580,141541],{"class":139},[62,141582,103],{"class":95},[62,141584,36214],{"class":139},[62,141586,103],{"class":95},[62,141588,64987],{"class":139},[62,141590,434],{"class":95},[14,141592,20933,141593,141595],{},[18,141594,141541],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141597,201],{},[53,141599,141601],{"className":55,"code":141600,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141602,141603,141615,141619,141644,141668],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141604,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141606,69],{"class":68},[62,141608,73],{"class":72},[62,141610,77],{"class":76},[62,141612,60352],{"class":80},[62,141614,84],{"class":76},[62,141616,141617],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141618,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,141620,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,141622,128],{"class":127},[62,141624,131],{"class":95},[62,141626,140],{"class":139},[62,141628,409],{"class":95},[62,141630,141378],{"class":139},[62,141632,131],{"class":95},[62,141634,259],{"class":76},[62,141636,81],{"class":80},[62,141638,259],{"class":76},[62,141640,143],{"class":95},[62,141642,141643],{"class":146},"      # True\n",[62,141645,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,141647,128],{"class":127},[62,141649,131],{"class":95},[62,141651,140],{"class":139},[62,141653,409],{"class":95},[62,141655,141378],{"class":139},[62,141657,131],{"class":95},[62,141659,259],{"class":76},[62,141661,60537],{"class":80},[62,141663,259],{"class":76},[62,141665,143],{"class":95},[62,141667,21363],{"class":146},[62,141669,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,141671,128],{"class":127},[62,141673,131],{"class":95},[62,141675,140],{"class":139},[62,141677,409],{"class":95},[62,141679,141378],{"class":139},[62,141681,131],{"class":95},[62,141683,259],{"class":76},[62,141685,60537],{"class":80},[62,141687,259],{"class":76},[62,141689,103],{"class":95},[62,141691,304],{"class":99},[62,141693,143],{"class":95},[62,141695,44006],{"class":146},[14,141697,141698,141699,409],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[262,141700,125057],{"href":397},[48,141702,141704],{"id":141703},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141706,141707,141709],{},[18,141708,127670],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1256,141711,141712],{"id":141541},[18,141713,141541],{},[14,141715,141716],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[53,141718,141720],{"className":55,"code":141719,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141721,141722,141734],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141723,141724,141726,141728,141730,141732],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141725,69],{"class":68},[62,141727,73],{"class":72},[62,141729,77],{"class":76},[62,141731,910],{"class":80},[62,141733,84],{"class":76},[62,141735,141736,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750,141753,141755,141757],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141737,128],{"class":127},[62,141739,131],{"class":95},[62,141741,140],{"class":139},[62,141743,409],{"class":95},[62,141745,141378],{"class":139},[62,141747,131],{"class":95},[62,141749,259],{"class":76},[62,141751,141752],{"class":80},"ban",[62,141754,259],{"class":76},[62,141756,143],{"class":95},[62,141758,3866],{"class":146},[1256,141760,141761],{"id":36235},[18,141762,36235],{},[14,141764,141765],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[53,141767,141769],{"className":55,"code":141768,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141770,141771,141783],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141772,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141774,69],{"class":68},[62,141776,73],{"class":72},[62,141778,77],{"class":76},[62,141780,60352],{"class":80},[62,141782,84],{"class":76},[62,141784,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141786,128],{"class":127},[62,141788,131],{"class":95},[62,141790,140],{"class":139},[62,141792,409],{"class":95},[62,141794,141378],{"class":139},[62,141796,131],{"class":95},[62,141798,259],{"class":76},[62,141800,60537],{"class":80},[62,141802,259],{"class":76},[62,141804,103],{"class":95},[62,141806,304],{"class":99},[62,141808,143],{"class":95},[62,141810,3866],{"class":146},[1256,141812,141813],{"id":52604},[18,141814,52604],{},[14,141816,141817],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[53,141819,141821],{"className":55,"code":141820,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141822,141823,141835],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141824,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141826,69],{"class":68},[62,141828,73],{"class":72},[62,141830,77],{"class":76},[62,141832,60352],{"class":80},[62,141834,84],{"class":76},[62,141836,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141864,141866],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141838,128],{"class":127},[62,141840,131],{"class":95},[62,141842,140],{"class":139},[62,141844,409],{"class":95},[62,141846,141378],{"class":139},[62,141848,131],{"class":95},[62,141850,259],{"class":76},[62,141852,141853],{"class":80},"wor",[62,141855,259],{"class":76},[62,141857,103],{"class":95},[62,141859,304],{"class":99},[62,141861,103],{"class":95},[62,141863,54080],{"class":99},[62,141865,143],{"class":95},[62,141867,3866],{"class":146},[1256,141869,141871],{"id":141870},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141873,141874,141876],{},[18,141875,141541],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[53,141878,141880],{"className":55,"code":141879,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,141881,141882,141895],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141883,141884,141886,141888,141890,141893],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141885,126385],{"class":68},[62,141887,73],{"class":72},[62,141889,77],{"class":76},[62,141891,141892],{"class":80},"img_001.png",[62,141894,84],{"class":76},[62,141896,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141914,141916,141918,141920,141923,141925,141927],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141898,128],{"class":127},[62,141900,131],{"class":95},[62,141902,126403],{"class":139},[62,141904,409],{"class":95},[62,141906,141378],{"class":139},[62,141908,524],{"class":95},[62,141910,259],{"class":76},[62,141912,141913],{"class":80},"img_",[62,141915,259],{"class":76},[62,141917,103],{"class":95},[62,141919,77],{"class":76},[62,141921,141922],{"class":80},"photo_",[62,141924,259],{"class":76},[62,141926,533],{"class":95},[62,141928,3866],{"class":146},[48,141930,17584],{"id":17583},[14,141932,141933,141935],{},[18,141934,127670],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[29,141937,141938,141943],{},[32,141939,141940,141942],{},[18,141941,3808],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[32,141944,141945,126987],{},[18,141946,2098],{},[14,141948,141949,141950,7363],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,141951,730],{},[53,141953,141955],{"className":55,"code":141954,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,141956,141957,141971,141975,141996,142011,142017],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,141958,141959,141962,141964,141966,141969],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,141960,141961],{"class":68},"command ",[62,141963,73],{"class":72},[62,141965,77],{"class":76},[62,141967,141968],{"class":80},"\u002Fhelp",[62,141970,84],{"class":76},[62,141972,141973],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,141974,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,141976,141977,141979,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992,141994],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,141978,730],{"class":729},[62,141980,141981],{"class":68}," command",[62,141983,409],{"class":95},[62,141985,141378],{"class":139},[62,141987,131],{"class":95},[62,141989,259],{"class":76},[62,141991,127194],{"class":80},[62,141993,259],{"class":76},[62,141995,8521],{"class":95},[62,141997,141998,142000,142002,142004,142007,142009],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,141999,754],{"class":127},[62,142001,131],{"class":95},[62,142003,259],{"class":76},[62,142005,142006],{"class":80},"This looks like a command.",[62,142008,259],{"class":76},[62,142010,434],{"class":95},[62,142012,142013,142015],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,142014,1431],{"class":729},[62,142016,749],{"class":95},[62,142018,142019,142021,142023,142025,142028,142030],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,142020,754],{"class":127},[62,142022,131],{"class":95},[62,142024,259],{"class":76},[62,142026,142027],{"class":80},"This is normal text.",[62,142029,259],{"class":76},[62,142031,434],{"class":95},[14,142033,2282],{},[53,142035,142037],{"className":55,"code":142036,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,142038,142039],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142040,142041,142044],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142042,142043],{"class":68},"This looks like a command",[62,142045,122334],{"class":95},[48,142047,1834,142049,8884,142051,1940,142053],{"id":142048},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,142050,127670],{},[18,142052,36235],{},[18,142054,52604],{},[14,142056,2191,142057,1940,142059,142061],{},[18,142058,36235],{},[18,142060,52604],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[29,142063,142064,142069,142074],{},[32,142065,142066,142068],{},[18,142067,36235],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[32,142070,142071,142073],{},[18,142072,52604],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[32,142075,142076],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142078,201],{},[53,142080,142082],{"className":55,"code":142081,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,142083,142084,142096,142100,142129,142162],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142085,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142087,69],{"class":68},[62,142089,73],{"class":72},[62,142091,77],{"class":76},[62,142093,139581],{"class":80},[62,142095,84],{"class":76},[62,142097,142098],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142099,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142101,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,142103,128],{"class":127},[62,142105,131],{"class":95},[62,142107,140],{"class":139},[62,142109,409],{"class":95},[62,142111,141378],{"class":139},[62,142113,131],{"class":95},[62,142115,259],{"class":76},[62,142117,79218],{"class":80},[62,142119,259],{"class":76},[62,142121,103],{"class":95},[62,142123,2661],{"class":99},[62,142125,143],{"class":95},[62,142127,142128],{"class":146},"        # True\n",[62,142130,142131,142133,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142158,142160],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,142132,128],{"class":127},[62,142134,131],{"class":95},[62,142136,140],{"class":139},[62,142138,409],{"class":95},[62,142140,141378],{"class":139},[62,142142,131],{"class":95},[62,142144,259],{"class":76},[62,142146,134188],{"class":80},[62,142148,259],{"class":76},[62,142150,103],{"class":95},[62,142152,1409],{"class":99},[62,142154,103],{"class":95},[62,142156,142157],{"class":99}," 13",[62,142159,143],{"class":95},[62,142161,3866],{"class":146},[62,142163,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184,142186,142188,142190,142192],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,142165,128],{"class":127},[62,142167,131],{"class":95},[62,142169,140],{"class":139},[62,142171,409],{"class":95},[62,142173,141378],{"class":139},[62,142175,131],{"class":95},[62,142177,259],{"class":76},[62,142179,134188],{"class":80},[62,142181,259],{"class":76},[62,142183,103],{"class":95},[62,142185,1409],{"class":99},[62,142187,103],{"class":95},[62,142189,1080],{"class":99},[62,142191,143],{"class":95},[62,142193,4970],{"class":146},[14,142195,142196,142197,142199],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,142198,52604],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[48,142201,142203],{"id":142202},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142205,142206],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142208,142209,142210,49498],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,142211,40990],{},[53,142213,142215],{"className":55,"code":142214,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,142216,142217,142231,142245,142259,142263,142287,142291,142312,142333],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142218,142219,142222,142224,142226,142229],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142220,142221],{"class":68},"filename1 ",[62,142223,73],{"class":72},[62,142225,77],{"class":76},[62,142227,142228],{"class":80},"img_101.jpg",[62,142230,84],{"class":76},[62,142232,142233,142236,142238,142240,142243],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142234,142235],{"class":68},"filename2 ",[62,142237,73],{"class":72},[62,142239,77],{"class":76},[62,142241,142242],{"class":80},"photo_202.jpg",[62,142244,84],{"class":76},[62,142246,142247,142250,142252,142254,142257],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,142248,142249],{"class":68},"filename3 ",[62,142251,73],{"class":72},[62,142253,77],{"class":76},[62,142255,142256],{"class":80},"doc_303.jpg",[62,142258,84],{"class":76},[62,142260,142261],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,142262,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142264,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,142266,127597],{"class":68},[62,142268,73],{"class":72},[62,142270,854],{"class":95},[62,142272,259],{"class":76},[62,142274,141913],{"class":80},[62,142276,259],{"class":76},[62,142278,103],{"class":95},[62,142280,77],{"class":76},[62,142282,141922],{"class":80},[62,142284,259],{"class":76},[62,142286,434],{"class":95},[62,142288,142289],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,142290,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142292,142293,142295,142297,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,142294,128],{"class":127},[62,142296,131],{"class":95},[62,142298,142299],{"class":139},"filename1",[62,142301,409],{"class":95},[62,142303,141378],{"class":139},[62,142305,131],{"class":95},[62,142307,127649],{"class":139},[62,142309,143],{"class":95},[62,142311,3866],{"class":146},[62,142313,142314,142316,142318,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,142315,128],{"class":127},[62,142317,131],{"class":95},[62,142319,142320],{"class":139},"filename2",[62,142322,409],{"class":95},[62,142324,141378],{"class":139},[62,142326,131],{"class":95},[62,142328,127649],{"class":139},[62,142330,143],{"class":95},[62,142332,3866],{"class":146},[62,142334,142335,142337,142339,142342,142344,142346,142348,142350,142352],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,142336,128],{"class":127},[62,142338,131],{"class":95},[62,142340,142341],{"class":139},"filename3",[62,142343,409],{"class":95},[62,142345,141378],{"class":139},[62,142347,131],{"class":95},[62,142349,127649],{"class":139},[62,142351,143],{"class":95},[62,142353,4970],{"class":146},[14,142355,142356],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142358,74719,142359,142363],{},[262,142360,126302,142361,10912],{"href":129896},[18,142362,126360],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[48,142365,123949],{"id":123948},[14,142367,142368,123760],{},[18,142369,127670],{},[14,142371,127347,142372,1940,142375,127354],{},[18,142373,142374],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142376,142377],{},"\"python\"",[53,142379,142381],{"className":55,"code":142380,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142382,142383,142395,142399,142423],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142384,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142386,69],{"class":68},[62,142388,73],{"class":72},[62,142390,77],{"class":76},[62,142392,7488],{"class":80},[62,142394,84],{"class":76},[62,142396,142397],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142398,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142400,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,142402,128],{"class":127},[62,142404,131],{"class":95},[62,142406,140],{"class":139},[62,142408,409],{"class":95},[62,142410,141378],{"class":139},[62,142412,131],{"class":95},[62,142414,259],{"class":76},[62,142416,141489],{"class":80},[62,142418,259],{"class":76},[62,142420,143],{"class":95},[62,142422,3866],{"class":146},[62,142424,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,142426,128],{"class":127},[62,142428,131],{"class":95},[62,142430,140],{"class":139},[62,142432,409],{"class":95},[62,142434,141378],{"class":139},[62,142436,131],{"class":95},[62,142438,259],{"class":76},[62,142440,128748],{"class":80},[62,142442,259],{"class":76},[62,142444,143],{"class":95},[62,142446,4970],{"class":146},[14,142448,127439,142449,409],{},[262,142450,142451],{"href":124029},[18,142452,124032],{},[53,142454,142456],{"className":55,"code":142455,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142457,142458,142470,142474],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142459,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142461,69],{"class":68},[62,142463,73],{"class":72},[62,142465,77],{"class":76},[62,142467,7488],{"class":80},[62,142469,84],{"class":76},[62,142471,142472],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142473,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142475,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488,142490,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,142477,128],{"class":127},[62,142479,131],{"class":95},[62,142481,140],{"class":139},[62,142483,409],{"class":95},[62,142485,8819],{"class":139},[62,142487,8816],{"class":95},[62,142489,141378],{"class":139},[62,142491,131],{"class":95},[62,142493,259],{"class":76},[62,142495,128748],{"class":80},[62,142497,259],{"class":76},[62,142499,143],{"class":95},[62,142501,3866],{"class":146},[48,142503,5160,142505],{"id":142504},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142506,127670],{},[14,142508,142509,142511],{},[18,142510,127670],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142513,9546],{},[29,142515,142516,142519,142522,142531],{},[32,142517,142518],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[32,142520,142521],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[32,142523,142524,142525,2022,142528],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142526,142527],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142529,142530],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[32,142532,142533],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142535,201],{},[53,142537,142539],{"className":55,"code":142538,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142540,142541,142554,142558,142587],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142542,142543,142545,142547,142549,142552],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142544,127165],{"class":68},[62,142546,73],{"class":72},[62,142548,77],{"class":76},[62,142550,142551],{"class":80},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[62,142553,84],{"class":76},[62,142555,142556],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142557,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142559,142560,142562,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579,142581,142583,142585],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,142561,730],{"class":729},[62,142563,142564],{"class":68}," url",[62,142566,409],{"class":95},[62,142568,141378],{"class":139},[62,142570,524],{"class":95},[62,142572,259],{"class":76},[62,142574,142527],{"class":80},[62,142576,259],{"class":76},[62,142578,103],{"class":95},[62,142580,77],{"class":76},[62,142582,142530],{"class":80},[62,142584,259],{"class":76},[62,142586,69510],{"class":95},[62,142588,142589,142591,142593,142595,142598,142600],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,142590,754],{"class":127},[62,142592,131],{"class":95},[62,142594,259],{"class":76},[62,142596,142597],{"class":80},"This looks like a web URL.",[62,142599,259],{"class":76},[62,142601,434],{"class":95},[48,142603,1824],{"id":1823},[14,142605,1827,142606,409],{},[18,142607,127670],{},[1256,142609,138742],{"id":142610},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142612,142613,123760],{},[18,142614,127670],{},[53,142616,142618],{"className":55,"code":142617,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142619,142620,142632],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142621,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142623,69],{"class":68},[62,142625,73],{"class":72},[62,142627,77],{"class":76},[62,142629,7488],{"class":80},[62,142631,84],{"class":76},[62,142633,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142635,128],{"class":127},[62,142637,131],{"class":95},[62,142639,140],{"class":139},[62,142641,409],{"class":95},[62,142643,141378],{"class":139},[62,142645,131],{"class":95},[62,142647,259],{"class":76},[62,142649,57],{"class":80},[62,142651,259],{"class":76},[62,142653,143],{"class":95},[62,142655,4970],{"class":146},[14,142657,39415],{},[53,142659,142661],{"className":55,"code":142660,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142662,142663],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142664,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142666,128],{"class":127},[62,142668,131],{"class":95},[62,142670,140],{"class":139},[62,142672,409],{"class":95},[62,142674,8819],{"class":139},[62,142676,8816],{"class":95},[62,142678,141378],{"class":139},[62,142680,131],{"class":95},[62,142682,259],{"class":76},[62,142684,57],{"class":80},[62,142686,259],{"class":76},[62,142688,143],{"class":95},[62,142690,3866],{"class":146},[1256,142692,29811,142694,137224],{"id":142693},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142695,127670],{},[14,142697,142698],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[53,142700,142702],{"className":55,"code":142701,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142703,142704,142712,142716,142721],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142705,142706,142708,142710],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142707,1613],{"class":68},[62,142709,73],{"class":72},[62,142711,124984],{"class":99},[62,142713,142714],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142715,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142717,142718],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,142719,142720],{"class":146},"# This will cause an error:\n",[62,142722,142723],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,142724,142725],{"class":146},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142727,39415],{},[53,142729,142731],{"className":55,"code":142730,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142732,142733,142747],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142734,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142736,1613],{"class":68},[62,142738,73],{"class":72},[62,142740,1714],{"class":430},[62,142742,131],{"class":95},[62,142744,50396],{"class":99},[62,142746,434],{"class":95},[62,142748,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142750,128],{"class":127},[62,142752,131],{"class":95},[62,142754,1632],{"class":139},[62,142756,409],{"class":95},[62,142758,141378],{"class":139},[62,142760,131],{"class":95},[62,142762,259],{"class":76},[62,142764,499],{"class":80},[62,142766,259],{"class":76},[62,142768,143],{"class":95},[62,142770,3866],{"class":146},[1256,142772,37366,142774,8884,142776],{"id":142773},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142775,127670],{},[18,142777,4082],{},[14,142779,142780,142782],{},[18,142781,127670],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142784,142785,142786,142788,142789,409],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142787,4082],{}," or methods like ",[262,142790,142791],{"href":124312},[18,142792,124297],{},[53,142794,142796],{"className":55,"code":142795,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142797,142798,142810,142814,142838],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142799,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142801,69],{"class":68},[62,142803,73],{"class":72},[62,142805,77],{"class":76},[62,142807,60352],{"class":80},[62,142809,84],{"class":76},[62,142811,142812],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142813,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142815,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,142817,128],{"class":127},[62,142819,131],{"class":95},[62,142821,140],{"class":139},[62,142823,409],{"class":95},[62,142825,141378],{"class":139},[62,142827,131],{"class":95},[62,142829,259],{"class":76},[62,142831,60537],{"class":80},[62,142833,259],{"class":76},[62,142835,143],{"class":95},[62,142837,4970],{"class":146},[62,142839,142840,142842,142844,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854,142856],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,142841,128],{"class":127},[62,142843,131],{"class":95},[62,142845,259],{"class":76},[62,142847,60537],{"class":80},[62,142849,259],{"class":76},[62,142851,21336],{"class":729},[62,142853,42992],{"class":139},[62,142855,741],{"class":95},[62,142857,142858],{"class":146},"           # True\n",[14,142860,135776,142861,409],{},[262,142862,127338],{"href":123557},[1256,142864,4904,142866,1940,142868,142870],{"id":142865},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142867,36235],{},[18,142869,52604],{}," use index positions",[14,142872,142873,142874,409],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,142875,665],{},[53,142877,142879],{"className":55,"code":142878,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,142880,142881,142894,142898],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142882,142883,142885,142887,142889,142892],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142884,69],{"class":68},[62,142886,73],{"class":72},[62,142888,77],{"class":76},[62,142890,142891],{"class":80},"abcdef",[62,142893,84],{"class":76},[62,142895,142896],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142897,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,142899,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,142901,128],{"class":127},[62,142903,131],{"class":95},[62,142905,140],{"class":139},[62,142907,409],{"class":95},[62,142909,141378],{"class":139},[62,142911,131],{"class":95},[62,142913,259],{"class":76},[62,142915,142916],{"class":80},"cd",[62,142918,259],{"class":76},[62,142920,103],{"class":95},[62,142922,284],{"class":99},[62,142924,143],{"class":95},[62,142926,3866],{"class":146},[1256,142928,142930],{"id":142929},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142932,142933],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142935,16810],{},[53,142937,142939],{"className":55,"code":142938,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,142940,142941],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142942,142943],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142944,142938],{"class":146},[14,142946,16822],{},[53,142948,142950],{"className":55,"code":142949,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,142951,142952,142964],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,142953,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,142955,69],{"class":68},[62,142957,73],{"class":72},[62,142959,77],{"class":76},[62,142961,7488],{"class":80},[62,142963,84],{"class":76},[62,142965,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986,142988,142991,142993,142995],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,142967,128],{"class":127},[62,142969,131],{"class":95},[62,142971,140],{"class":139},[62,142973,409],{"class":95},[62,142975,141378],{"class":139},[62,142977,524],{"class":95},[62,142979,259],{"class":76},[62,142981,141489],{"class":80},[62,142983,259],{"class":76},[62,142985,103],{"class":95},[62,142987,77],{"class":76},[62,142989,142990],{"class":80},"Ja",[62,142992,259],{"class":76},[62,142994,533],{"class":95},[62,142996,3866],{"class":146},[14,142998,32244],{},[53,143000,143002],{"className":55,"code":143001,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,143003,143004,143014,143028,143050,143076],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143005,143006,143008,143010,143012],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143007,128],{"class":127},[62,143009,131],{"class":95},[62,143011,140],{"class":139},[62,143013,434],{"class":95},[62,143015,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143017,128],{"class":127},[62,143019,131],{"class":95},[62,143021,1690],{"class":430},[62,143023,131],{"class":95},[62,143025,140],{"class":139},[62,143027,1013],{"class":95},[62,143029,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,143031,128],{"class":127},[62,143033,131],{"class":95},[62,143035,140],{"class":139},[62,143037,409],{"class":95},[62,143039,141378],{"class":139},[62,143041,131],{"class":95},[62,143043,259],{"class":76},[62,143045,141489],{"class":80},[62,143047,259],{"class":76},[62,143049,1013],{"class":95},[62,143051,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,143053,128],{"class":127},[62,143055,131],{"class":95},[62,143057,140],{"class":139},[62,143059,409],{"class":95},[62,143061,8819],{"class":139},[62,143063,8816],{"class":95},[62,143065,141378],{"class":139},[62,143067,131],{"class":95},[62,143069,259],{"class":76},[62,143071,128748],{"class":80},[62,143073,259],{"class":76},[62,143075,1013],{"class":95},[62,143077,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092,143094,143096,143098,143100,143102,143104],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,143079,128],{"class":127},[62,143081,131],{"class":95},[62,143083,140],{"class":139},[62,143085,409],{"class":95},[62,143087,141378],{"class":139},[62,143089,524],{"class":95},[62,143091,259],{"class":76},[62,143093,141489],{"class":80},[62,143095,259],{"class":76},[62,143097,103],{"class":95},[62,143099,77],{"class":76},[62,143101,142990],{"class":80},[62,143103,259],{"class":76},[62,143105,3115],{"class":95},[48,143107,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,143109,12875,143111,128148],{"id":143110},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,143112,127670],{},[14,143114,143115,143116,2022,143118,409],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,143117,3808],{},[18,143119,2098],{},[1256,143121,5368,143123,143125],{"id":143122},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,143124,127670],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143127,143128],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[53,143130,143132],{"className":55,"code":143131,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,143133,143134],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143135,143136,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154,143156,143158],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143137,140],{"class":68},[62,143139,409],{"class":95},[62,143141,141378],{"class":139},[62,143143,524],{"class":95},[62,143145,259],{"class":76},[62,143147,262],{"class":80},[62,143149,259],{"class":76},[62,143151,103],{"class":95},[62,143153,77],{"class":76},[62,143155,277],{"class":80},[62,143157,259],{"class":76},[62,143159,1013],{"class":95},[1256,143161,15070,143163,124638],{"id":143162},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,143164,127670],{},[14,143166,129831],{},[1256,143168,5378,143170,1940,143172,632],{"id":143169},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,143171,127670],{},[18,143173,4082],{},[14,143175,143176,143178,143179,143181],{},[18,143177,127670],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,143180,4082],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1256,143183,28489,143185,1940,143187,8884,143189,632],{"id":143184},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,143186,36235],{},[18,143188,52604],{},[18,143190,127670],{},[14,143192,143193],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[48,143195,2109],{"id":2108},[29,143197,143198,143204,143210,143216,143220],{},[32,143199,143200],{},[262,143201,126302,143202,10912],{"href":129896},[18,143203,126360],{},[32,143205,143206],{},[262,143207,126302,143208,10912],{"href":124312},[18,143209,124297],{},[32,143211,143212],{},[262,143213,126302,143214,10912],{"href":124029},[18,143215,124032],{},[32,143217,143218],{},[262,143219,124701],{"href":123557},[32,143221,143222],{},[262,143223,125057],{"href":397},[2145,143225,143226],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":143228},[143229,143231,143232,143238,143239,143241,143242,143243,143245,143255,143267],{"id":141424,"depth":87,"text":143230},"What startswith() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":141703,"depth":87,"text":141704,"children":143233},[143234,143235,143236,143237],{"id":141541,"depth":117,"text":141541},{"id":36235,"depth":117,"text":36235},{"id":52604,"depth":117,"text":52604},{"id":141870,"depth":117,"text":141871},{"id":17583,"depth":87,"text":17584},{"id":142048,"depth":87,"text":143240},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142202,"depth":87,"text":142203},{"id":123948,"depth":87,"text":123949},{"id":142504,"depth":87,"text":143244},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":143246},[143247,143248,143250,143252,143254],{"id":142610,"depth":117,"text":138742},{"id":142693,"depth":117,"text":143249},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142773,"depth":117,"text":143251},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142865,"depth":117,"text":143253},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142929,"depth":117,"text":142930},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":143256},[143257,143259,143261,143263,143265],{"id":143110,"depth":117,"text":143258},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143122,"depth":117,"text":143260},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143162,"depth":117,"text":143262},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143169,"depth":117,"text":143264},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143184,"depth":117,"text":143266},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141324,"description":143268},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143275,"title":143276,"body":143277,"description":144731,"extension":2174,"meta":144732,"navigation":120,"path":144733,"seo":144734,"stem":144735,"__hash__":144736},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143278,"toc":144701},[143279,143284,143289,143292,143294,143338,143340,143348,143353,143358,143363,143365,143383,143385,143431,143433,143447,143456,143460,143462,143464,143476,143481,143484,143516,143518,143527,143532,143535,143576,143578,143586,143588,143601,143607,143611,143614,143630,143632,143681,143683,143692,143695,143754,143756,143765,143772,143775,143828,143830,143854,143861,143867,143871,143877,143880,143891,143893,143933,143935,143943,143945,143985,143987,143996,143998,144016,144019,144026,144037,144040,144057,144059,144136,144138,144169,144172,144174,144177,144203,144205,144245,144247,144256,144266,144274,144282,144287,144292,144294,144308,144310,144361,144363,144372,144382,144384,144386,144408,144411,144490,144492,144528,144531,144606,144611,144613,144619,144624,144629,144632,144638,144641,144648,144656,144660,144668,144670,144698],[10,143280,123302,143282,11494],{"id":143281},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143283,41805],{},[14,143285,32479,143286,143288],{},[18,143287,41805],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143290,143291],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[48,143293,3813],{"id":3812},[53,143295,143297],{"className":55,"code":143296,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143298,143299,143312,143327],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143300,143301,143303,143305,143307,143310],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143302,69],{"class":68},[62,143304,73],{"class":72},[62,143306,77],{"class":76},[62,143308,143309],{"class":80},"  hello  ",[62,143311,84],{"class":76},[62,143313,143314,143317,143319,143321,143323,143325],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143315,143316],{"class":68},"clean_text ",[62,143318,73],{"class":72},[62,143320,42992],{"class":68},[62,143322,409],{"class":95},[62,143324,8813],{"class":139},[62,143326,8822],{"class":95},[62,143328,143329,143331,143333,143336],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,143330,128],{"class":127},[62,143332,131],{"class":95},[62,143334,143335],{"class":139},"clean_text",[62,143337,434],{"class":95},[14,143339,2282],{},[53,143341,143342],{"className":55,"code":138617,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,143343,143344],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143345,143346],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143347,138617],{"class":68},[14,143349,169,143350,143352],{},[18,143351,41805],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[48,143354,3879,143356,3882],{"id":143355},"what-strip-does",[18,143357,41805],{},[14,143359,143360,143362],{},[18,143361,41805],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143364,13222],{},[29,143366,143367,143371,143374,143377,143380],{},[32,143368,143369,131652],{},[18,143370,41805],{},[32,143372,143373],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[32,143375,143376],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[32,143378,143379],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[32,143381,143382],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143384,201],{},[53,143386,143388],{"className":55,"code":143387,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143389,143390,143403,143407,143421],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143391,143392,143394,143396,143398,143401],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143393,69],{"class":68},[62,143395,73],{"class":72},[62,143397,77],{"class":76},[62,143399,143400],{"class":80},"  hello world  ",[62,143402,84],{"class":76},[62,143404,143405],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143406,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,143408,143409,143411,143413,143415,143417,143419],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,143410,128],{"class":127},[62,143412,131],{"class":95},[62,143414,140],{"class":139},[62,143416,409],{"class":95},[62,143418,8813],{"class":139},[62,143420,7385],{"class":95},[62,143422,143423,143425,143427,143429],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,143424,128],{"class":127},[62,143426,131],{"class":95},[62,143428,140],{"class":139},[62,143430,434],{"class":95},[14,143432,2282],{},[53,143434,143436],{"className":55,"code":143435,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143437,143438,143442],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143439,143440],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143441,134318],{"class":68},[62,143443,143444],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143445,143446],{"class":68},"  hello world\n",[14,143448,143449,143450,143452,143453,143455],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143451,41805],{},", but the original ",[18,143454,140],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143457,125054,143458,409],{},[262,143459,125057],{"href":397},[48,143461,413],{"id":412},[14,143463,26648],{},[29,143465,143466,143471],{},[32,143467,143468],{},[18,143469,143470],{},"string.strip()",[32,143472,143473],{},[18,143474,143475],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1256,143477,143479],{"id":143478},"stringstrip",[18,143480,143470],{},[14,143482,143483],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[53,143485,143487],{"className":55,"code":143486,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143488,143489,143502],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143490,143491,143493,143495,143497,143500],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143492,211],{"class":68},[62,143494,73],{"class":72},[62,143496,77],{"class":76},[62,143498,143499],{"class":80},"  Alice  ",[62,143501,84],{"class":76},[62,143503,143504,143506,143508,143510,143512,143514],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143505,128],{"class":127},[62,143507,131],{"class":95},[62,143509,329],{"class":139},[62,143511,409],{"class":95},[62,143513,8813],{"class":139},[62,143515,7385],{"class":95},[14,143517,2282],{},[53,143519,143521],{"className":55,"code":143520,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Alice\n",[18,143522,143523],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143524,143525],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143526,143520],{"class":68},[1256,143528,143530],{"id":143529},"stringstripchars",[18,143531,143475],{},[14,143533,143534],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[53,143536,143538],{"className":55,"code":143537,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143539,143540,143553],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143541,143542,143544,143546,143548,143551],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143543,69],{"class":68},[62,143545,73],{"class":72},[62,143547,77],{"class":76},[62,143549,143550],{"class":80},"!!hello??",[62,143552,84],{"class":76},[62,143554,143555,143557,143559,143561,143563,143565,143567,143569,143572,143574],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143556,128],{"class":127},[62,143558,131],{"class":95},[62,143560,140],{"class":139},[62,143562,409],{"class":95},[62,143564,8813],{"class":139},[62,143566,131],{"class":95},[62,143568,259],{"class":76},[62,143570,143571],{"class":80},"!?",[62,143573,259],{"class":76},[62,143575,1013],{"class":95},[14,143577,2282],{},[53,143579,143580],{"className":55,"code":138617,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,143581,143582],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143583,143584],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143585,138617],{"class":68},[14,143587,83768],{},[29,143589,143590,143595],{},[32,143591,143592,143594],{},[18,143593,134561],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[32,143596,143597,143598,143600],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143599,134561],{}," does not matter",[48,143602,143604,143605],{"id":143603},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143606,41805],{},[14,143608,31047,143609,409],{},[18,143610,41805],{},[14,143612,143613],{},"It is useful for:",[29,143615,143616,143621,143624,143627],{},[32,143617,143618,143619,4085],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143620,3161],{},[32,143622,143623],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[32,143625,143626],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[32,143628,143629],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143631,48514],{},[53,143633,143635],{"className":55,"code":143634,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143636,143637,143650,143666,143670],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143638,143639,143641,143643,143645,143648],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143640,8144],{"class":68},[62,143642,73],{"class":72},[62,143644,77],{"class":76},[62,143646,143647],{"class":80},"  sam  ",[62,143649,84],{"class":76},[62,143651,143652,143655,143657,143660,143662,143664],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143653,143654],{"class":68},"clean_username ",[62,143656,73],{"class":72},[62,143658,143659],{"class":68}," username",[62,143661,409],{"class":95},[62,143663,8813],{"class":139},[62,143665,8822],{"class":95},[62,143667,143668],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,143669,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,143671,143672,143674,143676,143679],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,143673,128],{"class":127},[62,143675,131],{"class":95},[62,143677,143678],{"class":139},"clean_username",[62,143680,434],{"class":95},[14,143682,2282],{},[53,143684,143686],{"className":55,"code":143685,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"sam\n",[18,143687,143688],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143689,143690],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143691,143685],{"class":68},[14,143693,143694],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[53,143696,143698],{"className":55,"code":143697,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143699,143700,143713,143717,143739],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143701,143702,143704,143706,143708,143711],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143703,136545],{"class":68},[62,143705,73],{"class":72},[62,143707,77],{"class":76},[62,143709,143710],{"class":80}," yes  ",[62,143712,84],{"class":76},[62,143714,143715],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143716,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,143718,143719,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731,143733,143735,143737],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,143720,730],{"class":729},[62,143722,136565],{"class":68},[62,143724,409],{"class":95},[62,143726,8813],{"class":139},[62,143728,7557],{"class":95},[62,143730,1225],{"class":72},[62,143732,77],{"class":76},[62,143734,8837],{"class":80},[62,143736,259],{"class":76},[62,143738,749],{"class":95},[62,143740,143741,143743,143745,143747,143750,143752],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,143742,754],{"class":127},[62,143744,131],{"class":95},[62,143746,259],{"class":76},[62,143748,143749],{"class":80},"Matched",[62,143751,259],{"class":76},[62,143753,434],{"class":95},[14,143755,2282],{},[53,143757,143759],{"className":55,"code":143758,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Matched\n",[18,143760,143761],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143762,143763],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143764,143758],{"class":68},[14,143766,143767,143768,409],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[262,143769,143771],{"href":143770},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143773,143774],{},"Example with file-style text:",[53,143776,143778],{"className":55,"code":143777,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143779,143780,143796,143810],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143781,143782,143785,143787,143789,143792,143794],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143783,143784],{"class":68},"line ",[62,143786,73],{"class":72},[62,143788,77],{"class":76},[62,143790,143791],{"class":80},"Python basics",[62,143793,87100],{"class":34616},[62,143795,84],{"class":76},[62,143797,143798,143800,143802,143804,143806,143808],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143799,128],{"class":127},[62,143801,131],{"class":95},[62,143803,41931],{"class":127},[62,143805,131],{"class":95},[62,143807,64],{"class":139},[62,143809,1013],{"class":95},[62,143811,143812,143814,143816,143818,143820,143822,143824,143826],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,143813,128],{"class":127},[62,143815,131],{"class":95},[62,143817,41931],{"class":127},[62,143819,131],{"class":95},[62,143821,64],{"class":139},[62,143823,409],{"class":95},[62,143825,8813],{"class":139},[62,143827,6485],{"class":95},[14,143829,2282],{},[53,143831,143833],{"className":55,"code":143832,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143834,143835,143846],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143836,143837,143839,143841,143844],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143838,3503],{"class":43479},[62,143840,143791],{"class":43483},[62,143842,87100],{"class":143843},"sfi6f",[62,143845,29861],{"class":43479},[62,143847,143848,143850,143852],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143849,3503],{"class":43479},[62,143851,143791],{"class":43483},[62,143853,29861],{"class":43479},[14,143855,1834,143856,143858,143859,409],{},[18,143857,122516],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143860,87100],{},[14,143862,143863,143864,409],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[262,143865,143866],{"href":87753},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[48,143868,143870],{"id":143869},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143872,143873,143874,409],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,143875,143876],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143878,143879],{},"Python will:",[29,143881,143882,143885,143888],{},[32,143883,143884],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[32,143886,143887],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[32,143889,143890],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143892,201],{},[53,143894,143896],{"className":55,"code":143895,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143897,143898,143911],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143899,143900,143902,143904,143906,143909],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143901,69],{"class":68},[62,143903,73],{"class":72},[62,143905,77],{"class":76},[62,143907,143908],{"class":80},"??hello!!",[62,143910,84],{"class":76},[62,143912,143913,143915,143917,143919,143921,143923,143925,143927,143929,143931],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143914,128],{"class":127},[62,143916,131],{"class":95},[62,143918,140],{"class":139},[62,143920,409],{"class":95},[62,143922,8813],{"class":139},[62,143924,131],{"class":95},[62,143926,259],{"class":76},[62,143928,143571],{"class":80},[62,143930,259],{"class":76},[62,143932,1013],{"class":95},[14,143934,2282],{},[53,143936,143937],{"className":55,"code":138617,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,143938,143939],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143940,143941],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143942,138617],{"class":68},[14,143944,1578],{},[53,143946,143948],{"className":55,"code":143947,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,143949,143950,143963],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143951,143952,143954,143956,143958,143961],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143953,69],{"class":68},[62,143955,73],{"class":72},[62,143957,77],{"class":76},[62,143959,143960],{"class":80},"abcHelloCba",[62,143962,84],{"class":76},[62,143964,143965,143967,143969,143971,143973,143975,143977,143979,143981,143983],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,143966,128],{"class":127},[62,143968,131],{"class":95},[62,143970,140],{"class":139},[62,143972,409],{"class":95},[62,143974,8813],{"class":139},[62,143976,131],{"class":95},[62,143978,259],{"class":76},[62,143980,41712],{"class":80},[62,143982,259],{"class":76},[62,143984,1013],{"class":95},[14,143986,2282],{},[53,143988,143990],{"className":55,"code":143989,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"HelloC\n",[18,143991,143992],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,143993,143994],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,143995,143989],{"class":68},[14,143997,6430],{},[14,143999,144000,14220,144003,144005,144006,144008,144009,399,144011,2398,144013,144015],{},[18,144001,144002],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3946,144004,4830],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,144007,41712],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,144010,262],{},[18,144012,277],{},[18,144014,9912],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144017,144018],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144020,144021,144022,6822],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[262,144023,144024],{"href":129883},[18,144025,124473],{},[48,144027,144029,10756,144031,10756,144034],{"id":144028},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,144030,41805],{},[18,144032,144033],{},"lstrip()",[18,144035,144036],{},"rstrip()",[14,144038,144039],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[29,144041,144042,144047,144052],{},[32,144043,144044,144046],{},[18,144045,41805],{}," removes from both ends",[32,144048,144049,144051],{},[18,144050,144033],{}," removes from the left side only",[32,144053,144054,144056],{},[18,144055,144036],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144058,201],{},[53,144060,144062],{"className":55,"code":144061,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,144063,144064,144076,144080,144098,144117],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144065,144066,144068,144070,144072,144074],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144067,69],{"class":68},[62,144069,73],{"class":72},[62,144071,77],{"class":76},[62,144073,143309],{"class":80},[62,144075,84],{"class":76},[62,144077,144078],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144079,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,144081,144082,144084,144086,144088,144090,144092,144094,144096],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,144083,128],{"class":127},[62,144085,131],{"class":95},[62,144087,41931],{"class":127},[62,144089,131],{"class":95},[62,144091,140],{"class":139},[62,144093,409],{"class":95},[62,144095,8813],{"class":139},[62,144097,6485],{"class":95},[62,144099,144100,144102,144104,144106,144108,144110,144112,144115],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,144101,128],{"class":127},[62,144103,131],{"class":95},[62,144105,41931],{"class":127},[62,144107,131],{"class":95},[62,144109,140],{"class":139},[62,144111,409],{"class":95},[62,144113,144114],{"class":139},"lstrip",[62,144116,6485],{"class":95},[62,144118,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127,144129,144131,144134],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,144120,128],{"class":127},[62,144122,131],{"class":95},[62,144124,41931],{"class":127},[62,144126,131],{"class":95},[62,144128,140],{"class":139},[62,144130,409],{"class":95},[62,144132,144133],{"class":139},"rstrip",[62,144135,6485],{"class":95},[14,144137,2282],{},[53,144139,144141],{"className":55,"code":144140,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,144142,144143,144151,144160],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144144,144145,144147,144149],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144146,3503],{"class":43479},[62,144148,81],{"class":43483},[62,144150,29861],{"class":43479},[62,144152,144153,144155,144158],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144154,3503],{"class":43479},[62,144156,144157],{"class":43483},"hello  ",[62,144159,29861],{"class":43479},[62,144161,144162,144164,144167],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,144163,3503],{"class":43479},[62,144165,144166],{"class":43483},"  hello",[62,144168,29861],{"class":43479},[14,144170,144171],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[48,144173,108310],{"id":108309},[14,144175,144176],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[29,144178,144179,144187,144197,144200],{},[32,144180,144181,144183,144184,144186],{},[18,144182,144002],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,144185,41681],{}," once",[32,144188,144189,144190,399,144192,2398,144194,144196],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,144191,262],{},[18,144193,277],{},[18,144195,9912],{}," from both ends",[32,144198,144199],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[32,144201,144202],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144204,201],{},[53,144206,144208],{"className":55,"code":144207,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,144209,144210,144223],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144211,144212,144214,144216,144218,144221],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144213,126385],{"class":68},[62,144215,73],{"class":72},[62,144217,77],{"class":76},[62,144219,144220],{"class":80},"txt_report.txt",[62,144222,84],{"class":76},[62,144224,144225,144227,144229,144231,144233,144235,144237,144239,144241,144243],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144226,128],{"class":127},[62,144228,131],{"class":95},[62,144230,126403],{"class":139},[62,144232,409],{"class":95},[62,144234,8813],{"class":139},[62,144236,131],{"class":95},[62,144238,259],{"class":76},[62,144240,126438],{"class":80},[62,144242,259],{"class":76},[62,144244,1013],{"class":95},[14,144246,2282],{},[53,144248,144250],{"className":55,"code":144249,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"_report\n",[18,144251,144252],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144253,144254],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144255,144249],{"class":68},[14,144257,144258,144259,399,144261,2398,144263,144265],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144260,409],{},[18,144262,63233],{},[18,144264,552],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144267,53597,144268,4982,144271,144273],{},[18,144269,144270],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3946,144272,4830],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144275,144276,144277,144281],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[262,144278,144279],{"href":129883},[18,144280,124473],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[48,144283,5160,144285],{"id":144284},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144286,41805],{},[14,144288,169,144289,144291],{},[18,144290,41805],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144293,36587],{},[29,144295,144296,144300,144302,144305],{},[32,144297,143618,144298,4085],{},[18,144299,3161],{},[32,144301,143623],{},[32,144303,144304],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[32,144306,144307],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144309,201],{},[53,144311,144313],{"className":55,"code":144312,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144314,144315,144329,144333,144346],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144316,144317,144320,144322,144324,144327],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144318,144319],{"class":68},"email ",[62,144321,73],{"class":72},[62,144323,77],{"class":76},[62,144325,144326],{"class":80},"  user@example.com  ",[62,144328,84],{"class":76},[62,144330,144331],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144332,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,144334,144335,144337,144340,144342,144344],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,144336,730],{"class":729},[62,144338,144339],{"class":68}," email",[62,144341,409],{"class":95},[62,144343,8813],{"class":139},[62,144345,21757],{"class":95},[62,144347,144348,144350,144352,144354,144357,144359],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,144349,754],{"class":127},[62,144351,131],{"class":95},[62,144353,259],{"class":76},[62,144355,144356],{"class":80},"Email was entered",[62,144358,259],{"class":76},[62,144360,434],{"class":95},[14,144362,2282],{},[53,144364,144366],{"className":55,"code":144365,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Email was entered\n",[18,144367,144368],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144369,144370],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144371,144365],{"class":68},[14,144373,144374,144375,144377,144378,409],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144376,41805],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[262,144379,144380],{"href":124029},[18,144381,124032],{},[48,144383,1824],{"id":1823},[14,144385,84187],{},[29,144387,144388,144392,144397,144402],{},[32,144389,8631,144390,131522],{},[18,144391,41805],{},[32,144393,8631,144394,144396],{},[18,144395,41805],{}," to remove text from the middle",[32,144398,1834,144399,144401],{},[18,144400,144270],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[32,144403,4904,144404,144407],{},[18,144405,144406],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144409,144410],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[53,144412,144414],{"className":55,"code":144413,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144415,144416,144430,144434,144444,144458,144472],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144417,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144419,69],{"class":68},[62,144421,73],{"class":72},[62,144423,77],{"class":76},[62,144425,144166],{"class":80},[62,144427,87100],{"class":34616},[62,144429,84],{"class":76},[62,144431,144432],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144433,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,144435,144436,144438,144440,144442],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,144437,128],{"class":127},[62,144439,131],{"class":95},[62,144441,140],{"class":139},[62,144443,434],{"class":95},[62,144445,144446,144448,144450,144452,144454,144456],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,144447,128],{"class":127},[62,144449,131],{"class":95},[62,144451,41931],{"class":127},[62,144453,131],{"class":95},[62,144455,140],{"class":139},[62,144457,1013],{"class":95},[62,144459,144460,144462,144464,144466,144468,144470],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,144461,128],{"class":127},[62,144463,131],{"class":95},[62,144465,140],{"class":139},[62,144467,409],{"class":95},[62,144469,8813],{"class":139},[62,144471,7385],{"class":95},[62,144473,144474,144476,144478,144480,144482,144484,144486,144488],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,144475,128],{"class":127},[62,144477,131],{"class":95},[62,144479,41931],{"class":127},[62,144481,131],{"class":95},[62,144483,140],{"class":139},[62,144485,409],{"class":95},[62,144487,8813],{"class":139},[62,144489,6485],{"class":95},[14,144491,2282],{},[53,144493,144495],{"className":55,"code":144494,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144496,144497,144502,144506,144516,144520],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144498,144499],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144500,144501],{"class":68},"  hello\n",[62,144503,144504],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144505,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,144507,144508,144510,144512,144514],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,144509,3503],{"class":43479},[62,144511,144166],{"class":43483},[62,144513,87100],{"class":143843},[62,144515,29861],{"class":43479},[62,144517,144518],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,144519,138617],{"class":68},[62,144521,144522,144524,144526],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,144523,3503],{"class":43479},[62,144525,81],{"class":43483},[62,144527,29861],{"class":43479},[14,144529,144530],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[53,144532,144534],{"className":55,"code":144533,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144535,144536,144546,144560,144574,144592],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144537,144538,144540,144542,144544],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144539,128],{"class":127},[62,144541,131],{"class":95},[62,144543,140],{"class":139},[62,144545,434],{"class":95},[62,144547,144548,144550,144552,144554,144556,144558],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144549,128],{"class":127},[62,144551,131],{"class":95},[62,144553,41931],{"class":127},[62,144555,131],{"class":95},[62,144557,140],{"class":139},[62,144559,1013],{"class":95},[62,144561,144562,144564,144566,144568,144570,144572],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,144563,128],{"class":127},[62,144565,131],{"class":95},[62,144567,140],{"class":139},[62,144569,409],{"class":95},[62,144571,8813],{"class":139},[62,144573,7385],{"class":95},[62,144575,144576,144578,144580,144582,144584,144586,144588,144590],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,144577,128],{"class":127},[62,144579,131],{"class":95},[62,144581,41931],{"class":127},[62,144583,131],{"class":95},[62,144585,140],{"class":139},[62,144587,409],{"class":95},[62,144589,8813],{"class":139},[62,144591,6485],{"class":95},[62,144593,144594,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,144595,32314],{"class":127},[62,144597,131],{"class":95},[62,144599,3646],{"class":430},[62,144601,409],{"class":95},[62,144603,8813],{"class":24910},[62,144605,434],{"class":95},[14,144607,144608,144610],{},[18,144609,122516],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[48,144612,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,144614,12875,144616,144618],{"id":144615},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144617,41805],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144620,46517,144621,144623],{},[18,144622,41805],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1256,144625,12875,144627,124629],{"id":144626},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144628,41805],{},[14,144630,144631],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1256,144633,5340,144635,144637],{"id":144634},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144636,41805],{}," remove by default?",[14,144639,144640],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1256,144642,34368,144644,34371,144646,632],{"id":144643},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144645,41805],{},[18,144647,124473],{},[14,144649,144650,144652,144653,144655],{},[18,144651,41805],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144654,124473],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1256,144657,144659],{"id":144658},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144661,128175,144662,144664,144665,144667],{},[18,144663,144033],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144666,144036],{}," for the right side.",[48,144669,2109],{"id":2108},[29,144671,144672,144678,144684,144689,144694],{},[32,144673,144674],{},[262,144675,126302,144676,10912],{"href":124029},[18,144677,124032],{},[32,144679,144680],{},[262,144681,126302,144682,10912],{"href":129883},[18,144683,124473],{},[32,144685,144686],{},[262,144687,144688],{"href":143770},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[32,144690,144691],{},[262,144692,144693],{"href":87753},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[32,144695,144696],{},[262,144697,125057],{"href":397},[2145,144699,144700],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":144702},[144703,144704,144706,144710,144712,144713,144715,144716,144718,144719,144730],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":143355,"depth":87,"text":144705},"What strip() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":144707},[144708,144709],{"id":143478,"depth":117,"text":143470},{"id":143529,"depth":117,"text":143475},{"id":143603,"depth":87,"text":144711},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143869,"depth":87,"text":143870},{"id":144028,"depth":87,"text":144714},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108309,"depth":87,"text":108310},{"id":144284,"depth":87,"text":144717},"When to use strip()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":144720},[144721,144723,144725,144727,144729],{"id":144615,"depth":117,"text":144722},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144626,"depth":117,"text":144724},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144634,"depth":117,"text":144726},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144643,"depth":117,"text":144728},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144658,"depth":117,"text":144659},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143276,"description":144731},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144738,"title":144739,"body":144740,"description":145920,"extension":2174,"meta":145921,"navigation":120,"path":145922,"seo":145923,"stem":145924,"__hash__":145925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144741,"toc":145890},[144742,144747,144752,144757,144759,144805,144813,144818,144832,144838,144840,144842,144857,144859,144869,144872,144903,144906,144929,144931,144934,144991,144993,145007,145009,145023,145029,145034,145037,145078,145080,145089,145097,145100,145145,145147,145156,145159,145163,145168,145182,145184,145216,145218,145238,145241,145246,145251,145253,145264,145267,145324,145326,145334,145343,145345,145347,145353,145355,145392,145394,145402,145404,145445,145447,145456,145461,145466,145468,145495,145502,145505,145536,145538,145547,145553,145562,145593,145595,145607,145620,145624,145629,145659,145661,145728,145730,145740,145742,145747,145750,145755,145760,145764,145770,145776,145779,145781,145839,145841,145849,145851,145887],[10,144743,123302,144745,11494],{"id":144744},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144746,128180],{},[14,144748,123307,144749,144751],{},[18,144750,128180],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144753,84564,144754,144756],{},[18,144755,128180],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[48,144758,51],{"id":50},[53,144760,144762],{"className":55,"code":144761,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144763,144764,144776,144790,144800],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144765,144766,144768,144770,144772,144774],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144767,69],{"class":68},[62,144769,73],{"class":72},[62,144771,77],{"class":76},[62,144773,129021],{"class":80},[62,144775,84],{"class":76},[62,144777,144778,144780,144782,144784,144786,144788],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144779,2435],{"class":68},[62,144781,73],{"class":72},[62,144783,42992],{"class":68},[62,144785,409],{"class":95},[62,144787,34641],{"class":139},[62,144789,8822],{"class":95},[62,144791,144792,144794,144796,144798],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,144793,128],{"class":127},[62,144795,131],{"class":95},[62,144797,2470],{"class":139},[62,144799,434],{"class":95},[62,144801,144802],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,144803,144804],{"class":146},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144806,144807,144809,144810,144812],{},[18,144808,128180],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3946,144811,4830],{}," change the original string in place.",[48,144814,3879,144816,3882],{"id":144815},"what-upper-does",[18,144817,128180],{},[29,144819,144820,144825,144828,144830],{},[32,144821,144822,144824],{},[18,144823,128180],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[32,144826,144827],{},"It works on string values only",[32,144829,133550],{},[32,144831,136268],{},[14,144833,125054,144834,2022,144836,409],{},[262,144835,136274],{"href":136273},[262,144837,125057],{"href":397},[48,144839,413],{"id":412},[14,144841,416],{},[53,144843,144845],{"className":55,"code":144844,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"string.upper()\n",[18,144846,144847],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144848,144849,144851,144853,144855],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144850,61120],{"class":68},[62,144852,409],{"class":95},[62,144854,34641],{"class":139},[62,144856,8822],{"class":95},[14,144858,11631],{},[29,144860,144861,144863,144866],{},[32,144862,97475],{},[32,144864,144865],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[32,144867,144868],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144870,144871],{},"Example with a variable:",[53,144873,144875],{"className":55,"code":144874,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,144876,144877,144889],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144878,144879,144881,144883,144885,144887],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144880,211],{"class":68},[62,144882,73],{"class":72},[62,144884,77],{"class":76},[62,144886,57],{"class":80},[62,144888,84],{"class":76},[62,144890,144891,144893,144895,144897,144899,144901],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144892,128],{"class":127},[62,144894,131],{"class":95},[62,144896,329],{"class":139},[62,144898,409],{"class":95},[62,144900,34641],{"class":139},[62,144902,7385],{"class":95},[14,144904,144905],{},"Example with a string literal:",[53,144907,144909],{"className":55,"code":144908,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,144910,144911],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144912,144913,144915,144917,144919,144921,144923,144925,144927],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144914,128],{"class":127},[62,144916,131],{"class":95},[62,144918,259],{"class":76},[62,144920,81],{"class":80},[62,144922,259],{"class":76},[62,144924,409],{"class":95},[62,144926,34641],{"class":139},[62,144928,7385],{"class":95},[48,144930,11648],{"id":11647},[14,144932,144933],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[53,144935,144937],{"className":55,"code":144936,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,144938,144939,144951,144966,144970,144980],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144940,144941,144943,144945,144947,144949],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,144942,1324],{"class":68},[62,144944,73],{"class":72},[62,144946,77],{"class":76},[62,144948,910],{"class":80},[62,144950,84],{"class":76},[62,144952,144953,144956,144958,144960,144962,144964],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,144954,144955],{"class":68},"uppercase_word ",[62,144957,73],{"class":72},[62,144959,38537],{"class":68},[62,144961,409],{"class":95},[62,144963,34641],{"class":139},[62,144965,8822],{"class":95},[62,144967,144968],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,144969,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,144971,144972,144974,144976,144978],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,144973,128],{"class":127},[62,144975,131],{"class":95},[62,144977,1362],{"class":139},[62,144979,434],{"class":95},[62,144981,144982,144984,144986,144989],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,144983,128],{"class":127},[62,144985,131],{"class":95},[62,144987,144988],{"class":139},"uppercase_word",[62,144990,434],{"class":95},[14,144992,2282],{},[53,144994,144996],{"className":55,"code":144995,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,144997,144998,145002],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,144999,145000],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145001,70353],{"class":68},[62,145003,145004],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145005,145006],{"class":34616},"BANANA\n",[14,145008,112416],{},[29,145010,145011,145016],{},[32,145012,145013,145015],{},[18,145014,1362],{}," keeps its original value",[32,145017,145018,145020,145021],{},[18,145019,144988],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,145022,128180],{},[48,145024,145026,145028],{"id":145025},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,145027,128180],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145030,136934,145031,145033],{},[3946,145032,136937],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145035,145036],{},"So this method:",[53,145038,145040],{"className":55,"code":145039,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145041,145042,145054,145064,145068],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145043,145044,145046,145048,145050,145052],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145045,211],{"class":68},[62,145047,73],{"class":72},[62,145049,77],{"class":76},[62,145051,17966],{"class":80},[62,145053,84],{"class":76},[62,145055,145056,145058,145060,145062],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145057,329],{"class":68},[62,145059,409],{"class":95},[62,145061,34641],{"class":139},[62,145063,8822],{"class":95},[62,145065,145066],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,145067,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,145069,145070,145072,145074,145076],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,145071,128],{"class":127},[62,145073,131],{"class":95},[62,145075,329],{"class":139},[62,145077,434],{"class":95},[14,145079,2282],{},[53,145081,145083],{"className":55,"code":145082,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"alice\n",[18,145084,145085],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145086,145087],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145088,145082],{"class":68},[14,145090,21140,145091,145093,145094,145096],{},[18,145092,128180],{}," was called, ",[18,145095,329],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145098,145099],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[53,145101,145103],{"className":55,"code":145102,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145104,145105,145117,145131,145135],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145106,145107,145109,145111,145113,145115],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145108,211],{"class":68},[62,145110,73],{"class":72},[62,145112,77],{"class":76},[62,145114,17966],{"class":80},[62,145116,84],{"class":76},[62,145118,145119,145121,145123,145125,145127,145129],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145120,211],{"class":68},[62,145122,73],{"class":72},[62,145124,36154],{"class":68},[62,145126,409],{"class":95},[62,145128,34641],{"class":139},[62,145130,8822],{"class":95},[62,145132,145133],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,145134,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,145136,145137,145139,145141,145143],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,145138,128],{"class":127},[62,145140,131],{"class":95},[62,145142,329],{"class":139},[62,145144,434],{"class":95},[14,145146,2282],{},[53,145148,145150],{"className":55,"code":145149,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"ALICE\n",[18,145151,145152],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145153,145154],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145155,145149],{"class":34616},[14,145157,145158],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[48,145160,145162],{"id":145161},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145164,145165,145167],{},[18,145166,128180],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[29,145169,145170,145173,145176,145179],{},[32,145171,145172],{},"Numbers stay the same",[32,145174,145175],{},"Spaces stay the same",[32,145177,145178],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[32,145180,145181],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145183,201],{},[53,145185,145187],{"className":55,"code":145186,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145188,145189,145202],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145190,145191,145193,145195,145197,145200],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145192,69],{"class":68},[62,145194,73],{"class":72},[62,145196,77],{"class":76},[62,145198,145199],{"class":80},"Room 7, table #3!",[62,145201,84],{"class":76},[62,145203,145204,145206,145208,145210,145212,145214],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145205,128],{"class":127},[62,145207,131],{"class":95},[62,145209,140],{"class":139},[62,145211,409],{"class":95},[62,145213,34641],{"class":139},[62,145215,7385],{"class":95},[14,145217,2282],{},[53,145219,145221],{"className":55,"code":145220,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145222,145223],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145224,145225,145228,145230,145232,145235],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145226,145227],{"class":34616},"ROOM",[62,145229,309],{"class":99},[62,145231,103],{"class":95},[62,145233,145234],{"class":34616}," TABLE",[62,145236,145237],{"class":146}," #3!\n",[14,145239,145240],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[48,145242,5160,145244],{"id":145243},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145245,128180],{},[14,145247,145248,145250],{},[18,145249,128180],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145252,48492],{},[29,145254,145255,145258,145261],{},[32,145256,145257],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[32,145259,145260],{},"Format labels or headings",[32,145262,145263],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145265,145266],{},"Example: simple comparison",[53,145268,145270],{"className":55,"code":145269,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145271,145272,145284,145288,145310],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145273,145274,145276,145278,145280,145282],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145275,136545],{"class":68},[62,145277,73],{"class":72},[62,145279,77],{"class":76},[62,145281,8837],{"class":80},[62,145283,84],{"class":76},[62,145285,145286],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145287,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,145289,145290,145292,145294,145296,145298,145300,145302,145304,145306,145308],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,145291,730],{"class":729},[62,145293,136565],{"class":68},[62,145295,409],{"class":95},[62,145297,34641],{"class":139},[62,145299,7557],{"class":95},[62,145301,1225],{"class":72},[62,145303,77],{"class":76},[62,145305,136552],{"class":80},[62,145307,259],{"class":76},[62,145309,749],{"class":95},[62,145311,145312,145314,145316,145318,145320,145322],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,145313,754],{"class":127},[62,145315,131],{"class":95},[62,145317,259],{"class":76},[62,145319,143749],{"class":80},[62,145321,259],{"class":76},[62,145323,434],{"class":95},[14,145325,2282],{},[53,145327,145328],{"className":55,"code":143758,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,145329,145330],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145331,145332],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145333,143758],{"class":68},[14,145335,145336,145337,399,145339,2398,145341,409],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145338,8837],{},[18,145340,137338],{},[18,145342,136552],{},[48,145344,1824],{"id":1823},[1256,145346,95836],{"id":95835},[14,145348,8298,145349,145352],{},[18,145350,145351],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145354,16810],{},[53,145356,145358],{"className":55,"code":145357,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145359,145360,145372,145382],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145361,145362,145364,145366,145368,145370],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145363,69],{"class":68},[62,145365,73],{"class":72},[62,145367,77],{"class":76},[62,145369,81],{"class":80},[62,145371,84],{"class":76},[62,145373,145374,145376,145378,145380],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145375,140],{"class":68},[62,145377,409],{"class":95},[62,145379,34641],{"class":139},[62,145381,8822],{"class":95},[62,145383,145384,145386,145388,145390],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,145385,128],{"class":127},[62,145387,131],{"class":95},[62,145389,140],{"class":139},[62,145391,434],{"class":95},[14,145393,2282],{},[53,145395,145396],{"className":55,"code":138617,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,145397,145398],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145399,145400],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145401,138617],{"class":68},[14,145403,16822],{},[53,145405,145407],{"className":55,"code":145406,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145408,145409,145421,145435],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145410,145411,145413,145415,145417,145419],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145412,69],{"class":68},[62,145414,73],{"class":72},[62,145416,77],{"class":76},[62,145418,81],{"class":80},[62,145420,84],{"class":76},[62,145422,145423,145425,145427,145429,145431,145433],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145424,69],{"class":68},[62,145426,73],{"class":72},[62,145428,42992],{"class":68},[62,145430,409],{"class":95},[62,145432,34641],{"class":139},[62,145434,8822],{"class":95},[62,145436,145437,145439,145441,145443],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,145438,128],{"class":127},[62,145440,131],{"class":95},[62,145442,140],{"class":139},[62,145444,434],{"class":95},[14,145446,2282],{},[53,145448,145450],{"className":55,"code":145449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"HELLO\n",[18,145451,145452],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145453,145454],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145455,145449],{"class":34616},[1256,145457,19071,145459,137224],{"id":145458},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145460,128180],{},[14,145462,145463,145465],{},[18,145464,128180],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145467,201],{},[53,145469,145471],{"className":55,"code":145470,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145472,145473,145481],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145474,145475,145477,145479],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145476,2422],{"class":68},[62,145478,73],{"class":72},[62,145480,124984],{"class":99},[62,145482,145483,145485,145487,145489,145491,145493],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145484,128],{"class":127},[62,145486,131],{"class":95},[62,145488,2445],{"class":139},[62,145490,409],{"class":95},[62,145492,34641],{"class":139},[62,145494,7385],{"class":95},[14,145496,39807,145497,145499,145500,33763],{},[18,145498,2021],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145501,128180],{},[14,145503,145504],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[53,145506,145508],{"className":55,"code":145507,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145509,145510,145518],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145511,145512,145514,145516],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145513,2422],{"class":68},[62,145515,73],{"class":72},[62,145517,124984],{"class":99},[62,145519,145520,145522,145524,145526,145528,145530,145532,145534],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145521,128],{"class":127},[62,145523,131],{"class":95},[62,145525,3646],{"class":430},[62,145527,131],{"class":95},[62,145529,2445],{"class":139},[62,145531,8810],{"class":95},[62,145533,34641],{"class":139},[62,145535,7385],{"class":95},[14,145537,2282],{},[53,145539,145541],{"className":55,"code":145540,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"123\n",[18,145542,145543],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145544,145545],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145546,145540],{"class":99},[1256,145548,37366,145550,145552],{"id":145549},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145551,128180],{}," with title case",[14,145554,145555,145557,145558,145561],{},[18,145556,128180],{}," makes ",[3946,145559,145560],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[53,145563,145565],{"className":55,"code":145564,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145566,145567,145579],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145568,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145570,69],{"class":68},[62,145572,73],{"class":72},[62,145574,77],{"class":76},[62,145576,60352],{"class":80},[62,145578,84],{"class":76},[62,145580,145581,145583,145585,145587,145589,145591],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145582,128],{"class":127},[62,145584,131],{"class":95},[62,145586,140],{"class":139},[62,145588,409],{"class":95},[62,145590,34641],{"class":139},[62,145592,7385],{"class":95},[14,145594,2282],{},[53,145596,145598],{"className":55,"code":145597,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145599,145600],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145601,145602,145604],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145603,136326],{"class":34616},[62,145605,145606],{"class":34616}," WORLD\n",[14,145608,145609,145610,145614,145615,145619],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[262,145611,145612],{"href":124029},[18,145613,124032],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[262,145616,145617],{"href":129883},[18,145618,124473],{}," changes parts of a string.",[48,145621,145623],{"id":145622},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145625,145626,145627,267],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145628,128180],{},[29,145630,145631,145638,145645,145652],{},[32,145632,145633,145637],{},[262,145634,145635],{"href":124029},[18,145636,124032],{}," for lowercase text",[32,145639,145640,145644],{},[262,145641,145642],{"href":136872},[18,145643,41805],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[32,145646,145647,145651],{},[262,145648,145649],{"href":129883},[18,145650,124473],{}," for changing parts of a string",[32,145653,145654,1940,145656,145658],{},[18,145655,127670],{},[18,145657,126360],{}," for checks",[14,145660,201],{},[53,145662,145664],{"className":55,"code":145663,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145665,145666,145678,145682,145697,145713,145717],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145667,145668,145670,145672,145674,145676],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145669,69],{"class":68},[62,145671,73],{"class":72},[62,145673,77],{"class":76},[62,145675,143400],{"class":80},[62,145677,84],{"class":76},[62,145679,145680],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145681,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,145683,145684,145687,145689,145691,145693,145695],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,145685,145686],{"class":68},"cleaned ",[62,145688,73],{"class":72},[62,145690,42992],{"class":68},[62,145692,409],{"class":95},[62,145694,8813],{"class":139},[62,145696,8822],{"class":95},[62,145698,145699,145702,145704,145707,145709,145711],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,145700,145701],{"class":68},"loud ",[62,145703,73],{"class":72},[62,145705,145706],{"class":68}," cleaned",[62,145708,409],{"class":95},[62,145710,34641],{"class":139},[62,145712,8822],{"class":95},[62,145714,145715],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,145716,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,145718,145719,145721,145723,145726],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,145720,128],{"class":127},[62,145722,131],{"class":95},[62,145724,145725],{"class":139},"loud",[62,145727,434],{"class":95},[14,145729,2282],{},[53,145731,145732],{"className":55,"code":145597,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,145733,145734],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145735,145736,145738],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145737,136326],{"class":34616},[62,145739,145606],{"class":34616},[48,145741,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,145743,12875,145745,124629],{"id":145744},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145746,128180],{},[14,145748,145749],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1256,145751,12875,145753,137606],{"id":145752},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145754,128180],{},[14,145756,145757,145758,409],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145759,145351],{},[1256,145761,145763],{"id":145762},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145765,145766,145767,145769],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145768,128180],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1256,145771,28489,145773,145775],{"id":145772},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145774,128180],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145777,145778],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145780,201],{},[53,145782,145784],{"className":55,"code":145783,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145785,145786,145798,145811,145815],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145787,145788,145790,145792,145794,145796],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145789,2758],{"class":68},[62,145791,73],{"class":72},[62,145793,77],{"class":76},[62,145795,57],{"class":80},[62,145797,84],{"class":76},[62,145799,145800,145802,145804,145806,145809],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145801,2786],{"class":68},[62,145803,73],{"class":72},[62,145805,77],{"class":76},[62,145807,145808],{"class":80},"PYTHON",[62,145810,84],{"class":76},[62,145812,145813],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,145814,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,145816,145817,145819,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829,145831,145833,145835,145837],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,145818,128],{"class":127},[62,145820,131],{"class":95},[62,145822,262],{"class":139},[62,145824,409],{"class":95},[62,145826,34641],{"class":139},[62,145828,7557],{"class":95},[62,145830,1225],{"class":72},[62,145832,2763],{"class":139},[62,145834,409],{"class":95},[62,145836,34641],{"class":139},[62,145838,7385],{"class":95},[14,145840,2282],{},[53,145842,145843],{"className":55,"code":4179,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,145844,145845],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145846,145847],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145848,4179],{"class":1618},[48,145850,2109],{"id":2108},[29,145852,145853,145857,145863,145869,145875,145879,145883],{},[32,145854,145855],{},[262,145856,125057],{"href":397},[32,145858,145859],{},[262,145860,126302,145861,10912],{"href":124029},[18,145862,124032],{},[32,145864,145865],{},[262,145866,126302,145867,10912],{"href":136872},[18,145868,41805],{},[32,145870,145871],{},[262,145872,126302,145873,10912],{"href":129883},[18,145874,124473],{},[32,145876,145877],{},[262,145878,90630],{"href":89639},[32,145880,145881],{},[262,145882,124701],{"href":123557},[32,145884,145885],{},[262,145886,137692],{"href":136273},[2145,145888,145889],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":145891},[145892,145893,145895,145896,145897,145899,145900,145902,145909,145910,145919],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":144815,"depth":87,"text":145894},"What upper() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":145025,"depth":87,"text":145898},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145161,"depth":87,"text":145162},{"id":145243,"depth":87,"text":145901},"When to use upper()",{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":145903},[145904,145905,145907],{"id":95835,"depth":117,"text":95836},{"id":145458,"depth":117,"text":145906},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145549,"depth":117,"text":145908},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145622,"depth":87,"text":145623},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":145911},[145912,145914,145916,145917],{"id":145744,"depth":117,"text":145913},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145752,"depth":117,"text":145915},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145762,"depth":117,"text":145763},{"id":145772,"depth":117,"text":145918},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144739,"description":145920},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145927,"title":145928,"body":145929,"description":147806,"extension":2174,"meta":147807,"navigation":120,"path":147808,"seo":147809,"stem":147810,"__hash__":147811},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145930,"toc":147756},[145931,145937,145944,145950,145952,146008,146013,146018,146023,146026,146045,146048,146050,146074,146092,146103,146105,146108,146161,146163,146171,146173,146191,146196,146199,146256,146258,146267,146270,146290,146293,146299,146304,146306,146349,146351,146359,146362,146403,146405,146414,146420,146426,146453,146455,146463,146468,146472,146484,146527,146529,146537,146542,146548,146553,146557,146559,146602,146605,146652,146654,146663,146670,146674,146677,146723,146728,146732,146734,146777,146780,146788,146790,146795,146797,146799,146818,146821,146833,146835,146854,146856,146864,146868,146870,146921,146924,146999,147001,147009,147012,147016,147018,147065,147068,147139,147141,147149,147155,147157,147232,147236,147315,147317,147325,147331,147337,147342,147347,147396,147400,147471,147474,147479,147490,147493,147504,147514,147516,147521,147546,147551,147632,147634,147659,147661,147666,147669,147675,147684,147690,147693,147699,147705,147712,147715,147717,147753],[10,145932,3779,145934,3783],{"id":145933},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,145935,145936],{},"sum()",[14,145938,16,145939,145941,145942,24924],{},[18,145940,145936],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,145943,59944],{},[14,145945,145946,145947,145949],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,145948,36235],{}," value and a few important limits.",[48,145951,51],{"id":50},[53,145953,145955],{"className":55,"code":145954,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,145956,145957,145981,145996],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,145958,145959,145961,145963,145965,145967,145969,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,145960,225],{"class":68},[62,145962,73],{"class":72},[62,145964,96],{"class":95},[62,145966,499],{"class":99},[62,145968,103],{"class":95},[62,145970,284],{"class":99},[62,145972,103],{"class":95},[62,145974,508],{"class":99},[62,145976,103],{"class":95},[62,145978,2661],{"class":99},[62,145980,114],{"class":95},[62,145982,145983,145985,145987,145990,145992,145994],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,145984,41334],{"class":68},[62,145986,73],{"class":72},[62,145988,145989],{"class":127}," sum",[62,145991,131],{"class":95},[62,145993,348],{"class":139},[62,145995,434],{"class":95},[62,145997,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,145999,128],{"class":127},[62,146001,131],{"class":95},[62,146003,41363],{"class":139},[62,146005,741],{"class":95},[62,146007,26956],{"class":146},[14,146009,169,146010,146012],{},[18,146011,145936],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[48,146014,3879,146016,3882],{"id":146015},"what-sum-does",[18,146017,145936],{},[14,146019,146020,146022],{},[18,146021,145936],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146024,146025],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[29,146027,146028,146031,146034,146039],{},[32,146029,146030],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[32,146032,146033],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[32,146035,146036,146037],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,146038,36359],{},[32,146040,146041,146042,146044],{},"Counting ",[18,146043,3808],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146046,146047],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[48,146049,413],{"id":412},[53,146051,146053],{"className":55,"code":146052,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,146054,146055],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146056,146057,146060,146062,146064,146066,146068,146070,146072],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146058,146059],{"class":127},"sum",[62,146061,131],{"class":95},[62,146063,3923],{"class":139},[62,146065,103],{"class":95},[62,146067,36214],{"class":9351},[62,146069,73],{"class":72},[62,146071,665],{"class":99},[62,146073,434],{"class":95},[29,146075,146076,146081,146086],{},[32,146077,146078,146080],{},[18,146079,3923],{}," is the group of values to add",[32,146082,146083,146085],{},[18,146084,36235],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[32,146087,146088,146089],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,146090,146091],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146093,146094,146095,146098,146099,409],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146096,146097,3923],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[262,146100,146101,24777],{"href":36356},[18,146102,36359],{},[48,146104,11648],{"id":11647},[14,146106,146107],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[53,146109,146111],{"className":55,"code":146110,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146112,146113,146133,146147,146151],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146114,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129,146131],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146116,225],{"class":68},[62,146118,73],{"class":72},[62,146120,96],{"class":95},[62,146122,299],{"class":99},[62,146124,103],{"class":95},[62,146126,6200],{"class":99},[62,146128,103],{"class":95},[62,146130,38092],{"class":99},[62,146132,114],{"class":95},[62,146134,146135,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146136,41334],{"class":68},[62,146138,73],{"class":72},[62,146140,145989],{"class":127},[62,146142,131],{"class":95},[62,146144,348],{"class":139},[62,146146,434],{"class":95},[62,146148,146149],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,146150,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,146152,146153,146155,146157,146159],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,146154,128],{"class":127},[62,146156,131],{"class":95},[62,146158,41363],{"class":139},[62,146160,434],{"class":95},[14,146162,2282],{},[53,146164,146165],{"className":55,"code":69787,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,146166,146167],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146168,146169],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146170,69787],{"class":99},[14,146172,11854],{},[29,146174,146175,146180,146186],{},[32,146176,146177,146179],{},[18,146178,348],{}," contains three integers",[32,146181,146182,146185],{},[18,146183,146184],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[32,146187,146188,146189],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,146190,41363],{},[48,146192,36774,146194,8612],{"id":146193},"using-the-start-value",[18,146195,36235],{},[14,146197,146198],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[53,146200,146202],{"className":55,"code":146201,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146203,146204,146224,146242,146246],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146205,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146207,225],{"class":68},[62,146209,73],{"class":72},[62,146211,96],{"class":95},[62,146213,499],{"class":99},[62,146215,103],{"class":95},[62,146217,284],{"class":99},[62,146219,103],{"class":95},[62,146221,508],{"class":99},[62,146223,114],{"class":95},[62,146225,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146227,41334],{"class":68},[62,146229,73],{"class":72},[62,146231,145989],{"class":127},[62,146233,131],{"class":95},[62,146235,348],{"class":139},[62,146237,103],{"class":95},[62,146239,6200],{"class":99},[62,146241,434],{"class":95},[62,146243,146244],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,146245,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,146247,146248,146250,146252,146254],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,146249,128],{"class":127},[62,146251,131],{"class":95},[62,146253,41363],{"class":139},[62,146255,434],{"class":95},[14,146257,2282],{},[53,146259,146261],{"className":55,"code":146260,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"16\n",[18,146262,146263],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146264,146265],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146266,146260],{"class":99},[14,146268,146269],{},"This works like:",[29,146271,146272,146277,146282,146286],{},[32,146273,146274,146275],{},"Start at ",[18,146276,100],{},[32,146278,146279,146280],{},"Add ",[18,146281,499],{},[32,146283,146279,146284],{},[18,146285,1935],{},[32,146287,146279,146288],{},[18,146289,2273],{},[14,146291,146292],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[48,146294,3879,146296,146298],{"id":146295},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146297,145936],{}," can work with",[14,146300,146301,146303],{},[18,146302,145936],{}," works with numeric values.",[1256,146305,40578],{"id":40577},[53,146307,146309],{"className":55,"code":146308,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146310,146311,146335],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146312,146313,146315,146317,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146314,292],{"class":68},[62,146316,73],{"class":72},[62,146318,96],{"class":95},[62,146320,499],{"class":99},[62,146322,103],{"class":95},[62,146324,284],{"class":99},[62,146326,103],{"class":95},[62,146328,508],{"class":99},[62,146330,103],{"class":95},[62,146332,2661],{"class":99},[62,146334,114],{"class":95},[62,146336,146337,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146338,128],{"class":127},[62,146340,131],{"class":95},[62,146342,146059],{"class":127},[62,146344,131],{"class":95},[62,146346,386],{"class":139},[62,146348,1013],{"class":95},[14,146350,2282],{},[53,146352,146353],{"className":55,"code":2581,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,146354,146355],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146356,146357],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146358,2581],{"class":99},[1256,146360,146361],{"id":1543},"Floats",[53,146363,146365],{"className":55,"code":146364,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146366,146367,146389],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146368,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146382,146384,146387],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146370,82995],{"class":68},[62,146372,73],{"class":72},[62,146374,96],{"class":95},[62,146376,41310],{"class":99},[62,146378,103],{"class":95},[62,146380,146381],{"class":99}," 3.75",[62,146383,103],{"class":95},[62,146385,146386],{"class":99}," 1.25",[62,146388,114],{"class":95},[62,146390,146391,146393,146395,146397,146399,146401],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146392,128],{"class":127},[62,146394,131],{"class":95},[62,146396,146059],{"class":127},[62,146398,131],{"class":95},[62,146400,83031],{"class":139},[62,146402,1013],{"class":95},[14,146404,2282],{},[53,146406,146408],{"className":55,"code":146407,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"7.5\n",[18,146409,146410],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146411,146412],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146413,146407],{"class":99},[14,146415,146416,146417,409],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[262,146418,146419],{"href":2624},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1256,146421,146423,146424],{"id":146422},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146425,36359],{},[53,146427,146429],{"className":55,"code":146428,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146430,146431],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146432,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146434,128],{"class":127},[62,146436,131],{"class":95},[62,146438,146059],{"class":127},[62,146440,131],{"class":95},[62,146442,59944],{"class":127},[62,146444,131],{"class":95},[62,146446,499],{"class":99},[62,146448,103],{"class":95},[62,146450,304],{"class":99},[62,146452,3115],{"class":95},[14,146454,2282],{},[53,146456,146457],{"className":55,"code":47193,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,146458,146459],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146460,146461],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146462,47193],{"class":99},[14,146464,113506,146465,409],{},[18,146466,146467],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1256,146469,146471],{"id":146470},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146473,146474,146475,146477,146478,1940,146480,146477,146482,409],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146476,3808],{}," acts like ",[18,146479,499],{},[18,146481,2098],{},[18,146483,665],{},[53,146485,146487],{"className":55,"code":146486,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146488,146489,146513],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146492,1462],{"class":68},[62,146494,73],{"class":72},[62,146496,96],{"class":95},[62,146498,3808],{"class":1618},[62,146500,103],{"class":95},[62,146502,4106],{"class":1618},[62,146504,103],{"class":95},[62,146506,4115],{"class":1618},[62,146508,103],{"class":95},[62,146510,4115],{"class":1618},[62,146512,114],{"class":95},[62,146514,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146516,128],{"class":127},[62,146518,131],{"class":95},[62,146520,146059],{"class":127},[62,146522,131],{"class":95},[62,146524,1515],{"class":139},[62,146526,1013],{"class":95},[14,146528,2282],{},[53,146530,146531],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,146532,146533],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146534,146535],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146536,46769],{"class":99},[14,146538,146539,146540,409],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146541,3808],{},[48,146543,3879,146545,146547],{"id":146544},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146546,145936],{}," does not work with",[14,146549,146550,146552],{},[18,146551,145936],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1256,146554,146556],{"id":146555},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146558,3040],{},[53,146560,146562],{"className":55,"code":146561,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146563,146564,146588],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146565,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146567,4270],{"class":68},[62,146569,73],{"class":72},[62,146571,96],{"class":95},[62,146573,259],{"class":76},[62,146575,81],{"class":80},[62,146577,259],{"class":76},[62,146579,103],{"class":95},[62,146581,77],{"class":76},[62,146583,60537],{"class":80},[62,146585,259],{"class":76},[62,146587,114],{"class":95},[62,146589,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146591,128],{"class":127},[62,146593,131],{"class":95},[62,146595,146059],{"class":127},[62,146597,131],{"class":95},[62,146599,4312],{"class":139},[62,146601,1013],{"class":95},[14,146603,146604],{},"Use string joining instead:",[53,146606,146608],{"className":55,"code":146607,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146609,146610,146634],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146611,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146613,4270],{"class":68},[62,146615,73],{"class":72},[62,146617,96],{"class":95},[62,146619,259],{"class":76},[62,146621,81],{"class":80},[62,146623,259],{"class":76},[62,146625,103],{"class":95},[62,146627,77],{"class":76},[62,146629,60537],{"class":80},[62,146631,259],{"class":76},[62,146633,114],{"class":95},[62,146635,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146637,128],{"class":127},[62,146639,131],{"class":95},[62,146641,6467],{"class":76},[62,146643,409],{"class":95},[62,146645,133461],{"class":139},[62,146647,131],{"class":95},[62,146649,4312],{"class":139},[62,146651,1013],{"class":95},[14,146653,2282],{},[53,146655,146657],{"className":55,"code":146656,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"helloworld\n",[18,146658,146659],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146660,146661],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146662,146656],{"class":68},[14,146664,146665,146666,409],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[262,146667,146668,5979],{"href":42327},[18,146669,47836],{},[1256,146671,146673],{"id":146672},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146675,146676],{},"This also causes an error:",[53,146678,146680],{"className":55,"code":146679,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146681,146682,146709],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146683,146684,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146685,146686],{"class":68},"lists ",[62,146688,73],{"class":72},[62,146690,56238],{"class":95},[62,146692,499],{"class":99},[62,146694,103],{"class":95},[62,146696,284],{"class":99},[62,146698,18225],{"class":95},[62,146700,96],{"class":95},[62,146702,2273],{"class":99},[62,146704,103],{"class":95},[62,146706,2661],{"class":99},[62,146708,53186],{"class":95},[62,146710,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146712,128],{"class":127},[62,146714,131],{"class":95},[62,146716,146059],{"class":127},[62,146718,131],{"class":95},[62,146720,5499],{"class":139},[62,146722,1013],{"class":95},[14,146724,146725,146727],{},[18,146726,145936],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1256,146729,146731],{"id":146730},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146733,5670],{},[53,146735,146737],{"className":55,"code":146736,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146738,146739,146763],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146740,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146742,292],{"class":68},[62,146744,73],{"class":72},[62,146746,96],{"class":95},[62,146748,499],{"class":99},[62,146750,103],{"class":95},[62,146752,284],{"class":99},[62,146754,103],{"class":95},[62,146756,77],{"class":76},[62,146758,2273],{"class":80},[62,146760,259],{"class":76},[62,146762,114],{"class":95},[62,146764,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146766,128],{"class":127},[62,146768,131],{"class":95},[62,146770,146059],{"class":127},[62,146772,131],{"class":95},[62,146774,386],{"class":139},[62,146776,1013],{"class":95},[14,146778,146779],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146781,146782,146783,146785,146786,409],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146784,65892],{},", convert them first. See ",[262,146787,3166],{"href":3165},[48,146789,41656],{"id":41655},[14,146791,146792,146793,409],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146794,145936],{},[1256,146796,6715],{"id":6714},[14,146798,4725],{},[53,146800,146802],{"className":55,"code":146801,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146803,146804],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146805,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814,146816],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146807,128],{"class":127},[62,146809,131],{"class":95},[62,146811,146059],{"class":127},[62,146813,131],{"class":95},[62,146815,299],{"class":99},[62,146817,1013],{"class":95},[14,146819,146820],{},"Why it fails:",[29,146822,146823,146828],{},[32,146824,146825,146827],{},[18,146826,299],{}," is a single integer",[32,146829,146830,146832],{},[18,146831,145936],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146834,6745],{},[53,146836,146838],{"className":55,"code":146837,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146839,146840],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146841,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146843,128],{"class":127},[62,146845,131],{"class":95},[62,146847,146059],{"class":127},[62,146849,496],{"class":95},[62,146851,299],{"class":99},[62,146853,3201],{"class":95},[14,146855,2282],{},[53,146857,146858],{"className":55,"code":3150,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,146859,146860],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146861,146862],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146863,3150],{"class":99},[1256,146865,146867],{"id":146866},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146869,4725],{},[53,146871,146873],{"className":55,"code":146872,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146874,146875,146907],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146876,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146878,292],{"class":68},[62,146880,73],{"class":72},[62,146882,96],{"class":95},[62,146884,259],{"class":76},[62,146886,499],{"class":80},[62,146888,259],{"class":76},[62,146890,103],{"class":95},[62,146892,77],{"class":76},[62,146894,1935],{"class":80},[62,146896,259],{"class":76},[62,146898,103],{"class":95},[62,146900,77],{"class":76},[62,146902,2273],{"class":80},[62,146904,259],{"class":76},[62,146906,114],{"class":95},[62,146908,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146910,128],{"class":127},[62,146912,131],{"class":95},[62,146914,146059],{"class":127},[62,146916,131],{"class":95},[62,146918,386],{"class":139},[62,146920,1013],{"class":95},[14,146922,146923],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[53,146925,146927],{"className":55,"code":146926,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146928,146929,146961,146989],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,146930,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,146932,292],{"class":68},[62,146934,73],{"class":72},[62,146936,96],{"class":95},[62,146938,259],{"class":76},[62,146940,499],{"class":80},[62,146942,259],{"class":76},[62,146944,103],{"class":95},[62,146946,77],{"class":76},[62,146948,1935],{"class":80},[62,146950,259],{"class":76},[62,146952,103],{"class":95},[62,146954,77],{"class":76},[62,146956,2273],{"class":80},[62,146958,259],{"class":76},[62,146960,114],{"class":95},[62,146962,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,146964,41334],{"class":68},[62,146966,73],{"class":72},[62,146968,145989],{"class":127},[62,146970,131],{"class":95},[62,146972,2021],{"class":430},[62,146974,131],{"class":95},[62,146976,552],{"class":139},[62,146978,741],{"class":95},[62,146980,4076],{"class":729},[62,146982,4079],{"class":139},[62,146984,4082],{"class":729},[62,146986,4085],{"class":139},[62,146988,434],{"class":95},[62,146990,146991,146993,146995,146997],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,146992,128],{"class":127},[62,146994,131],{"class":95},[62,146996,41363],{"class":139},[62,146998,434],{"class":95},[14,147000,2282],{},[53,147002,147003],{"className":55,"code":2859,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,147004,147005],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147006,147007],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147008,2859],{"class":99},[14,147010,147011],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1256,147013,147015],{"id":147014},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147017,4725],{},[53,147019,147021],{"className":55,"code":147020,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147022,147023,147051],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147024,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147026,292],{"class":68},[62,147028,73],{"class":72},[62,147030,96],{"class":95},[62,147032,499],{"class":99},[62,147034,103],{"class":95},[62,147036,284],{"class":99},[62,147038,103],{"class":95},[62,147040,77],{"class":76},[62,147042,2273],{"class":80},[62,147044,259],{"class":76},[62,147046,103],{"class":95},[62,147048,2661],{"class":99},[62,147050,114],{"class":95},[62,147052,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,147054,128],{"class":127},[62,147056,131],{"class":95},[62,147058,146059],{"class":127},[62,147060,131],{"class":95},[62,147062,386],{"class":139},[62,147064,1013],{"class":95},[14,147066,147067],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[53,147069,147071],{"className":55,"code":147070,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147072,147073,147101,147129],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147074,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147076,292],{"class":68},[62,147078,73],{"class":72},[62,147080,96],{"class":95},[62,147082,499],{"class":99},[62,147084,103],{"class":95},[62,147086,284],{"class":99},[62,147088,103],{"class":95},[62,147090,77],{"class":76},[62,147092,2273],{"class":80},[62,147094,259],{"class":76},[62,147096,103],{"class":95},[62,147098,2661],{"class":99},[62,147100,114],{"class":95},[62,147102,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,147104,41334],{"class":68},[62,147106,73],{"class":72},[62,147108,145989],{"class":127},[62,147110,131],{"class":95},[62,147112,2021],{"class":430},[62,147114,131],{"class":95},[62,147116,552],{"class":139},[62,147118,741],{"class":95},[62,147120,4076],{"class":729},[62,147122,4079],{"class":139},[62,147124,4082],{"class":729},[62,147126,4085],{"class":139},[62,147128,434],{"class":95},[62,147130,147131,147133,147135,147137],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,147132,128],{"class":127},[62,147134,131],{"class":95},[62,147136,41363],{"class":139},[62,147138,434],{"class":95},[14,147140,2282],{},[53,147142,147143],{"className":55,"code":2581,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,147144,147145],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147146,147147],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147148,2581],{"class":99},[1256,147150,1834,147152,147154],{"id":147151},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,147153,145936],{}," to join text",[14,147156,4725],{},[53,147158,147160],{"className":55,"code":147159,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,147161,147162,147218],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147163,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147165,36253],{"class":68},[62,147167,73],{"class":72},[62,147169,96],{"class":95},[62,147171,259],{"class":76},[62,147173,134060],{"class":80},[62,147175,259],{"class":76},[62,147177,103],{"class":95},[62,147179,77],{"class":76},[62,147181,11916],{"class":80},[62,147183,259],{"class":76},[62,147185,103],{"class":95},[62,147187,77],{"class":76},[62,147189,63233],{"class":80},[62,147191,259],{"class":76},[62,147193,103],{"class":95},[62,147195,77],{"class":76},[62,147197,60384],{"class":80},[62,147199,259],{"class":76},[62,147201,103],{"class":95},[62,147203,77],{"class":76},[62,147205,60419],{"class":80},[62,147207,259],{"class":76},[62,147209,103],{"class":95},[62,147211,77],{"class":76},[62,147213,75977],{"class":80},[62,147215,259],{"class":76},[62,147217,114],{"class":95},[62,147219,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,147221,128],{"class":127},[62,147223,131],{"class":95},[62,147225,146059],{"class":127},[62,147227,131],{"class":95},[62,147229,582],{"class":139},[62,147231,1013],{"class":95},[14,147233,169,147234,60478],{},[18,147235,133384],{},[53,147237,147239],{"className":55,"code":147238,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147240,147241,147297],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147242,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147244,36253],{"class":68},[62,147246,73],{"class":72},[62,147248,96],{"class":95},[62,147250,259],{"class":76},[62,147252,134060],{"class":80},[62,147254,259],{"class":76},[62,147256,103],{"class":95},[62,147258,77],{"class":76},[62,147260,11916],{"class":80},[62,147262,259],{"class":76},[62,147264,103],{"class":95},[62,147266,77],{"class":76},[62,147268,63233],{"class":80},[62,147270,259],{"class":76},[62,147272,103],{"class":95},[62,147274,77],{"class":76},[62,147276,60384],{"class":80},[62,147278,259],{"class":76},[62,147280,103],{"class":95},[62,147282,77],{"class":76},[62,147284,60419],{"class":80},[62,147286,259],{"class":76},[62,147288,103],{"class":95},[62,147290,77],{"class":76},[62,147292,75977],{"class":80},[62,147294,259],{"class":76},[62,147296,114],{"class":95},[62,147298,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,147300,128],{"class":127},[62,147302,131],{"class":95},[62,147304,6467],{"class":76},[62,147306,409],{"class":95},[62,147308,133461],{"class":139},[62,147310,131],{"class":95},[62,147312,582],{"class":139},[62,147314,1013],{"class":95},[14,147316,2282],{},[53,147318,147319],{"className":55,"code":134141,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,147320,147321],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147322,147323],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147324,134141],{"class":68},[14,147326,147327,147328,409],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[262,147329,147330],{"href":135222},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[48,147332,147334,147336],{"id":147333},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147335,145936],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147338,147339,147341],{},[18,147340,145936],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1256,147343,1834,147345],{"id":147344},"using-sum",[18,147346,145936],{},[53,147348,147350],{"className":55,"code":147349,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147351,147352,147372,147386],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147353,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147355,225],{"class":68},[62,147357,73],{"class":72},[62,147359,96],{"class":95},[62,147361,2708],{"class":99},[62,147363,103],{"class":95},[62,147365,309],{"class":99},[62,147367,103],{"class":95},[62,147369,54080],{"class":99},[62,147371,114],{"class":95},[62,147373,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,147375,41334],{"class":68},[62,147377,73],{"class":72},[62,147379,145989],{"class":127},[62,147381,131],{"class":95},[62,147383,348],{"class":139},[62,147385,434],{"class":95},[62,147387,147388,147390,147392,147394],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,147389,128],{"class":127},[62,147391,131],{"class":95},[62,147393,41363],{"class":139},[62,147395,434],{"class":95},[1256,147397,147399],{"id":147398},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[53,147401,147403],{"className":55,"code":147402,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147404,147405,147425,147433,147437,147449,147457,147461],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147406,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147408,225],{"class":68},[62,147410,73],{"class":72},[62,147412,96],{"class":95},[62,147414,2708],{"class":99},[62,147416,103],{"class":95},[62,147418,309],{"class":99},[62,147420,103],{"class":95},[62,147422,54080],{"class":99},[62,147424,114],{"class":95},[62,147426,147427,147429,147431],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,147428,41334],{"class":68},[62,147430,73],{"class":72},[62,147432,38666],{"class":99},[62,147434,147435],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,147436,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,147438,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,147440,6154],{"class":729},[62,147442,6581],{"class":68},[62,147444,4082],{"class":729},[62,147446,4462],{"class":68},[62,147448,749],{"class":95},[62,147450,147451,147453,147455],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,147452,90054],{"class":68},[62,147454,90057],{"class":72},[62,147456,90060],{"class":68},[62,147458,147459],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,147460,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,147462,147463,147465,147467,147469],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,147464,128],{"class":127},[62,147466,131],{"class":95},[62,147468,41363],{"class":139},[62,147470,434],{"class":95},[14,147472,147473],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147475,2692,147476,147478],{},[18,147477,145936],{}," is often better:",[29,147480,147481,147484,147487],{},[32,147482,147483],{},"Shorter code",[32,147485,147486],{},"Easier to read",[32,147488,147489],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147491,147492],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[29,147494,147495,147498,147501],{},[32,147496,147497],{},"You need to skip some values",[32,147499,147500],{},"You need extra checks",[32,147502,147503],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147505,147506,147507,147510,147511,147513],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[262,147508,147509],{"href":40162},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147512,145936],{}," on the filtered result.",[48,147515,1824],{"id":1823},[14,147517,147518,147519,267],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147520,145936],{},[29,147522,147523,147529,147536,147543],{},[32,147524,147525,147526],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147527,147528],{},"sum(5)",[32,147530,147531,147532,147535],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147533,147534],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[32,147537,1834,147538,147540,147541],{},[18,147539,145936],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147542,133384],{},[32,147544,147545],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147547,9055,147548,147550],{},[18,147549,145936],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[53,147552,147554],{"className":55,"code":147553,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147555,147556,147566,147580,147604],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147557,147558,147560,147562,147564],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147559,128],{"class":127},[62,147561,131],{"class":95},[62,147563,386],{"class":139},[62,147565,434],{"class":95},[62,147567,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,147569,128],{"class":127},[62,147571,131],{"class":95},[62,147573,1690],{"class":430},[62,147575,131],{"class":95},[62,147577,386],{"class":139},[62,147579,1013],{"class":95},[62,147581,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,147583,128],{"class":127},[62,147585,496],{"class":95},[62,147587,1690],{"class":430},[62,147589,131],{"class":95},[62,147591,552],{"class":139},[62,147593,741],{"class":95},[62,147595,4076],{"class":729},[62,147597,4079],{"class":139},[62,147599,4082],{"class":729},[62,147601,4085],{"class":139},[62,147603,4088],{"class":95},[62,147605,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626,147628,147630],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,147607,128],{"class":127},[62,147609,131],{"class":95},[62,147611,146059],{"class":127},[62,147613,496],{"class":95},[62,147615,2021],{"class":430},[62,147617,131],{"class":95},[62,147619,552],{"class":139},[62,147621,741],{"class":95},[62,147623,4076],{"class":729},[62,147625,4079],{"class":139},[62,147627,4082],{"class":729},[62,147629,4085],{"class":139},[62,147631,3201],{"class":95},[14,147633,135955],{},[29,147635,147636,147642,147648,147653],{},[32,147637,147638,147641],{},[18,147639,147640],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[32,147643,147644,147647],{},[18,147645,147646],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[32,147649,147650,135977],{},[18,147651,147652],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[32,147654,147655,147658],{},[18,147656,147657],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[48,147660,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,147662,5340,147664,5343],{"id":147663},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147665,145936],{},[14,147667,147668],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1256,147670,5368,147672,147674],{"id":147671},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147673,145936],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147676,30432,147677,2022,147680,147683],{},[18,147678,147679],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147681,147682],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1256,147685,5368,147687,147689],{"id":147686},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147688,145936],{}," work with floats?",[14,147691,147692],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1256,147694,147696,147697,632],{"id":147695},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147698,145936],{},[14,147700,147701,147702,147704],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147703,36235],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1256,147706,5356,147708,119340,147710,632],{"id":147707},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147709,145936],{},[18,147711,1535],{},[14,147713,147714],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[48,147716,2109],{"id":2108},[29,147718,147719,147723,147729,147735,147741,147745,147749],{},[32,147720,147721],{},[262,147722,146419],{"href":2624},[32,147724,147725],{},[262,147726,3779,147727,3712],{"href":36356},[18,147728,36359],{},[32,147730,147731],{},[262,147732,3779,147733,3712],{"href":42510},[18,147734,20],{},[32,147736,147737],{},[262,147738,3779,147739,3712],{"href":42327},[18,147740,47836],{},[32,147742,147743],{},[262,147744,5420],{"href":40162},[32,147746,147747],{},[262,147748,3729],{"href":3165},[32,147750,147751],{},[262,147752,147330],{"href":135222},[2145,147754,147755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":147757},[147758,147759,147761,147762,147763,147765,147773,147779,147786,147792,147793,147805],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":146015,"depth":87,"text":147760},"What sum() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":146193,"depth":87,"text":147764},"Using the start value",{"id":146295,"depth":87,"text":147766,"children":147767},"What sum() can work with",[147768,147769,147770,147772],{"id":40577,"depth":117,"text":40578},{"id":1543,"depth":117,"text":146361},{"id":146422,"depth":117,"text":147771},"Values from range()",{"id":146470,"depth":117,"text":146471},{"id":146544,"depth":87,"text":147774,"children":147775},"What sum() does not work with",[147776,147777,147778],{"id":146555,"depth":117,"text":146556},{"id":146672,"depth":117,"text":146673},{"id":146730,"depth":117,"text":146731},{"id":41655,"depth":87,"text":41656,"children":147780},[147781,147782,147783,147784],{"id":6714,"depth":117,"text":6715},{"id":146866,"depth":117,"text":146867},{"id":147014,"depth":117,"text":147015},{"id":147151,"depth":117,"text":147785},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147333,"depth":87,"text":147787,"children":147788},"sum() vs manual loop",[147789,147791],{"id":147344,"depth":117,"text":147790},"Using sum()",{"id":147398,"depth":117,"text":147399},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":147794},[147795,147797,147799,147801,147803],{"id":147663,"depth":117,"text":147796},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147671,"depth":117,"text":147798},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147686,"depth":117,"text":147800},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147695,"depth":117,"text":147802},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147707,"depth":117,"text":147804},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145928,"description":147806},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147813,"title":147814,"body":147815,"description":149217,"extension":2174,"meta":149218,"navigation":120,"path":149219,"seo":149220,"stem":149221,"__hash__":149222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147816,"toc":149185},[147817,147823,147829,147832,147895,147901,147906,147910,147927,147941,147945,147965,147979,147981,148074,148076,148090,148092,148095,148184,148186,148194,148203,148205,148209,148230,148232,148324,148326,148347,148349,148353,148367,148369,148443,148445,148464,148468,148471,148494,148496,148607,148614,148622,148624,148630,148633,148676,148679,148702,148710,148714,148789,148795,148820,148827,148830,148833,148837,148842,148930,148938,148942,148945,148970,148974,149035,149039,149088,149098,149100,149105,149108,149114,149117,149121,149125,149131,149134,149142,149150,149152,149182],[10,147818,147820,147821,11494],{"id":147819},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147822,57235],{},[14,147824,147825,147828],{},[18,147826,147827],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147830,147831],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[53,147833,147835],{"className":55,"code":147834,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147836,147837,147865,147883],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147838,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147840,225],{"class":68},[62,147842,73],{"class":72},[62,147844,854],{"class":95},[62,147846,499],{"class":99},[62,147848,103],{"class":95},[62,147850,284],{"class":99},[62,147852,103],{"class":95},[62,147854,284],{"class":99},[62,147856,103],{"class":95},[62,147858,508],{"class":99},[62,147860,103],{"class":95},[62,147862,284],{"class":99},[62,147864,434],{"class":95},[62,147866,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,147868,2435],{"class":68},[62,147870,73],{"class":72},[62,147872,4462],{"class":68},[62,147874,409],{"class":95},[62,147876,41411],{"class":139},[62,147878,131],{"class":95},[62,147880,1935],{"class":99},[62,147882,434],{"class":95},[62,147884,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,147886,128],{"class":127},[62,147888,131],{"class":95},[62,147890,2470],{"class":139},[62,147892,741],{"class":95},[62,147894,166],{"class":146},[14,147896,169,147897,147900],{},[18,147898,147899],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[48,147902,3879,147904,3882],{"id":147903},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,147905,147827],{},[14,147907,147908,267],{},[18,147909,147899],{},[29,147911,147912,147918,147921,147924],{},[32,147913,147914,147915,147917],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,147916,1632],{}," appears in the tuple",[32,147919,147920],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[32,147922,147923],{},"Returns an integer",[32,147925,147926],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147928,147929,147930,147932,147933,2022,147937,409],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,147931,57235],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[262,147934,147936],{"href":147935},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[262,147938,147940],{"href":147939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[48,147942,147944],{"id":147943},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[53,147946,147948],{"className":55,"code":147947,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,147949,147950],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147951,147952,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147953,147954],{"class":68},"my_tuple",[62,147956,409],{"class":95},[62,147958,41411],{"class":139},[62,147960,131],{"class":95},[62,147962,1632],{"class":139},[62,147964,434],{"class":95},[29,147966,147967,147971,147974],{},[32,147968,147969,57400],{},[18,147970,1632],{},[32,147972,147973],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[32,147975,147976,147977],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,147978,665],{},[1256,147980,103055],{"id":103054},[53,147982,147984],{"className":55,"code":147983,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,147985,147986,148026,148050],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,147987,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,147989,788],{"class":68},[62,147991,73],{"class":72},[62,147993,854],{"class":95},[62,147995,259],{"class":76},[62,147997,797],{"class":80},[62,147999,259],{"class":76},[62,148001,103],{"class":95},[62,148003,77],{"class":76},[62,148005,815],{"class":80},[62,148007,259],{"class":76},[62,148009,103],{"class":95},[62,148011,77],{"class":76},[62,148013,797],{"class":80},[62,148015,259],{"class":76},[62,148017,103],{"class":95},[62,148019,77],{"class":76},[62,148021,806],{"class":80},[62,148023,259],{"class":76},[62,148025,434],{"class":95},[62,148027,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,148029,128],{"class":127},[62,148031,131],{"class":95},[62,148033,832],{"class":139},[62,148035,409],{"class":95},[62,148037,41411],{"class":139},[62,148039,131],{"class":95},[62,148041,259],{"class":76},[62,148043,797],{"class":80},[62,148045,259],{"class":76},[62,148047,143],{"class":95},[62,148049,57590],{"class":146},[62,148051,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,148053,128],{"class":127},[62,148055,131],{"class":95},[62,148057,832],{"class":139},[62,148059,409],{"class":95},[62,148061,41411],{"class":139},[62,148063,131],{"class":95},[62,148065,259],{"class":76},[62,148067,22685],{"class":80},[62,148069,259],{"class":76},[62,148071,143],{"class":95},[62,148073,698],{"class":146},[14,148075,20120],{},[29,148077,148078,148083],{},[32,148079,148080,148082],{},[18,148081,65339],{}," appears 2 times",[32,148084,148085,148087,148088],{},[18,148086,109751],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,148089,665],{},[48,148091,11648],{"id":11647},[14,148093,148094],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[53,148096,148098],{"className":55,"code":148097,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,148099,148100,148148,148152,148174],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148101,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148103,36400],{"class":68},[62,148105,73],{"class":72},[62,148107,854],{"class":95},[62,148109,259],{"class":76},[62,148111,901],{"class":80},[62,148113,259],{"class":76},[62,148115,103],{"class":95},[62,148117,77],{"class":76},[62,148119,910],{"class":80},[62,148121,259],{"class":76},[62,148123,103],{"class":95},[62,148125,77],{"class":76},[62,148127,901],{"class":80},[62,148129,259],{"class":76},[62,148131,103],{"class":95},[62,148133,77],{"class":76},[62,148135,33383],{"class":80},[62,148137,259],{"class":76},[62,148139,103],{"class":95},[62,148141,77],{"class":76},[62,148143,901],{"class":80},[62,148145,259],{"class":76},[62,148147,434],{"class":95},[62,148149,148150],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,148151,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,148153,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,148155,2435],{"class":68},[62,148157,73],{"class":72},[62,148159,52795],{"class":68},[62,148161,409],{"class":95},[62,148163,41411],{"class":139},[62,148165,131],{"class":95},[62,148167,259],{"class":76},[62,148169,901],{"class":80},[62,148171,259],{"class":76},[62,148173,434],{"class":95},[62,148175,148176,148178,148180,148182],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,148177,128],{"class":127},[62,148179,131],{"class":95},[62,148181,2470],{"class":139},[62,148183,434],{"class":95},[14,148185,2282],{},[53,148187,148188],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,148189,148190],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148191,148192],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148193,46769],{"class":99},[14,148195,148196,148198,148199,2602,148201,409],{},[18,148197,57778],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,148200,57235],{},[18,148202,2273],{},[48,148204,38176],{"id":38175},[14,148206,57489,148207,128690],{},[18,148208,57235],{},[29,148210,148211,148216,148221,148224],{},[32,148212,11596,148213,148215],{},[18,148214,665],{}," when the value does not exist",[32,148217,11596,148218,148220],{},[18,148219,499],{}," when the value appears once",[32,148222,148223],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[32,148225,148226,148227,148229],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148228,730],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148231,201],{},[53,148233,148235],{"className":55,"code":148234,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148236,148237,148278,148282,148309],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148238,148239,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148240,148241],{"class":68},"answers ",[62,148243,73],{"class":72},[62,148245,854],{"class":95},[62,148247,259],{"class":76},[62,148249,8837],{"class":80},[62,148251,259],{"class":76},[62,148253,103],{"class":95},[62,148255,77],{"class":76},[62,148257,8776],{"class":80},[62,148259,259],{"class":76},[62,148261,103],{"class":95},[62,148263,77],{"class":76},[62,148265,8837],{"class":80},[62,148267,259],{"class":76},[62,148269,103],{"class":95},[62,148271,77],{"class":76},[62,148273,8837],{"class":80},[62,148275,259],{"class":76},[62,148277,434],{"class":95},[62,148279,148280],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,148281,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,148283,148284,148286,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,148285,730],{"class":729},[62,148287,148288],{"class":68}," answers",[62,148290,409],{"class":95},[62,148292,41411],{"class":139},[62,148294,131],{"class":95},[62,148296,259],{"class":76},[62,148298,8837],{"class":80},[62,148300,259],{"class":76},[62,148302,741],{"class":95},[62,148304,933],{"class":72},[62,148306,270],{"class":99},[62,148308,749],{"class":95},[62,148310,148311,148313,148315,148317,148320,148322],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,148312,754],{"class":127},[62,148314,131],{"class":95},[62,148316,259],{"class":76},[62,148318,148319],{"class":80},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[62,148321,259],{"class":76},[62,148323,434],{"class":95},[14,148325,2282],{},[53,148327,148329],{"className":55,"code":148328,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148330,148331],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148332,148333,148336,148338,148340,148342,148345],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148334,148335],{"class":68},"The answer ",[62,148337,3503],{"class":76},[62,148339,8837],{"class":80},[62,148341,3503],{"class":76},[62,148343,148344],{"class":68}," appears more than once",[62,148346,122334],{"class":95},[48,148348,1249],{"id":1248},[14,148350,24,148351,104518],{},[18,148352,147827],{},[29,148354,148355,148358,148361,148364],{},[32,148356,148357],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[32,148359,148360],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[32,148362,148363],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[32,148365,148366],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148368,201],{},[53,148370,148372],{"className":55,"code":148371,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148373,148374,148402,148406,148428],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148375,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148377,969],{"class":68},[62,148379,73],{"class":72},[62,148381,854],{"class":95},[62,148383,100],{"class":99},[62,148385,103],{"class":95},[62,148387,106],{"class":99},[62,148389,103],{"class":95},[62,148391,6200],{"class":99},[62,148393,103],{"class":95},[62,148395,111],{"class":99},[62,148397,103],{"class":95},[62,148399,6200],{"class":99},[62,148401,434],{"class":95},[62,148403,148404],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,148405,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,148407,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,148409,730],{"class":729},[62,148411,5308],{"class":68},[62,148413,409],{"class":95},[62,148415,41411],{"class":139},[62,148417,131],{"class":95},[62,148419,100],{"class":99},[62,148421,741],{"class":95},[62,148423,744],{"class":72},[62,148425,284],{"class":99},[62,148427,749],{"class":95},[62,148429,148430,148432,148434,148436,148439,148441],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,148431,754],{"class":127},[62,148433,131],{"class":95},[62,148435,259],{"class":76},[62,148437,148438],{"class":80},"The score 10 is repeated.",[62,148440,259],{"class":76},[62,148442,434],{"class":95},[14,148444,2282],{},[53,148446,148448],{"className":55,"code":148447,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148449,148450],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148451,148452,148455,148457,148459,148462],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148453,148454],{"class":68},"The score ",[62,148456,100],{"class":99},[62,148458,8279],{"class":72},[62,148460,148461],{"class":68}," repeated",[62,148463,122334],{"class":95},[48,148465,148467],{"id":148466},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148469,148470],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[29,148472,148473,148479,148484,148487],{},[32,148474,148475,148476,148478],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148477,57235],{}," still works because it only reads data",[32,148480,148481,148483],{},[18,148482,57235],{}," counts exact matches",[32,148485,148486],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[32,148488,148489,1940,148491,148493],{},[18,148490,499],{},[18,148492,42310],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148495,201],{},[53,148497,148499],{"className":55,"code":148498,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148500,148501,148535,148539,148559,148583],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148502,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148516,148518,148520,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148504,292],{"class":68},[62,148506,73],{"class":72},[62,148508,854],{"class":95},[62,148510,499],{"class":99},[62,148512,103],{"class":95},[62,148514,148515],{"class":99}," 1.0",[62,148517,103],{"class":95},[62,148519,77],{"class":76},[62,148521,148522],{"class":80},"Cat",[62,148524,259],{"class":76},[62,148526,103],{"class":95},[62,148528,77],{"class":76},[62,148530,37209],{"class":80},[62,148532,259],{"class":76},[62,148534,434],{"class":95},[62,148536,148537],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,148538,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,148540,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,148542,128],{"class":127},[62,148544,131],{"class":95},[62,148546,386],{"class":139},[62,148548,409],{"class":95},[62,148550,41411],{"class":139},[62,148552,131],{"class":95},[62,148554,499],{"class":99},[62,148556,143],{"class":95},[62,148558,536],{"class":146},[62,148560,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,148562,128],{"class":127},[62,148564,131],{"class":95},[62,148566,386],{"class":139},[62,148568,409],{"class":95},[62,148570,41411],{"class":139},[62,148572,131],{"class":95},[62,148574,259],{"class":76},[62,148576,148522],{"class":80},[62,148578,259],{"class":76},[62,148580,143],{"class":95},[62,148582,27940],{"class":146},[62,148584,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,148586,128],{"class":127},[62,148588,131],{"class":95},[62,148590,386],{"class":139},[62,148592,409],{"class":95},[62,148594,41411],{"class":139},[62,148596,131],{"class":95},[62,148598,259],{"class":76},[62,148600,37209],{"class":80},[62,148602,259],{"class":76},[62,148604,143],{"class":95},[62,148606,27940],{"class":146},[14,148608,5356,148609,5359,148612,632],{},[18,148610,148611],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148613,1935],{},[14,148615,8965,148616,4982,148619,148621],{},[18,148617,148618],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148620,3808],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[48,148623,1824],{"id":1823},[1256,148625,1834,148627,148629],{"id":148626},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148628,41411],{}," without parentheses",[14,148631,148632],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[53,148634,148636],{"className":55,"code":148635,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148637,148638,148662],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148639,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148641,225],{"class":68},[62,148643,73],{"class":72},[62,148645,854],{"class":95},[62,148647,499],{"class":99},[62,148649,103],{"class":95},[62,148651,284],{"class":99},[62,148653,103],{"class":95},[62,148655,284],{"class":99},[62,148657,103],{"class":95},[62,148659,508],{"class":99},[62,148661,434],{"class":95},[62,148663,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,148665,128],{"class":127},[62,148667,131],{"class":95},[62,148669,348],{"class":139},[62,148671,409],{"class":95},[62,148673,41411],{"class":24910},[62,148675,434],{"class":95},[14,148677,148678],{},"To call the method correctly:",[53,148680,148682],{"className":55,"code":148681,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148683,148684],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148685,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148687,128],{"class":127},[62,148689,131],{"class":95},[62,148691,348],{"class":139},[62,148693,409],{"class":95},[62,148695,41411],{"class":139},[62,148697,131],{"class":95},[62,148699,1935],{"class":99},[62,148701,1013],{"class":95},[1256,148703,8631,148704,8634,148706,2022,148708],{"id":58538},[18,148705,57235],{},[18,148707,3808],{},[18,148709,2098],{},[14,148711,148712,58549],{},[18,148713,57235],{},[53,148715,148717],{"className":55,"code":148716,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148718,148719,148751,148773,148777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148720,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148722,36253],{"class":68},[62,148724,73],{"class":72},[62,148726,854],{"class":95},[62,148728,259],{"class":76},[62,148730,262],{"class":80},[62,148732,259],{"class":76},[62,148734,103],{"class":95},[62,148736,77],{"class":76},[62,148738,277],{"class":80},[62,148740,259],{"class":76},[62,148742,103],{"class":95},[62,148744,77],{"class":76},[62,148746,262],{"class":80},[62,148748,259],{"class":76},[62,148750,434],{"class":95},[62,148752,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,148754,2435],{"class":68},[62,148756,73],{"class":72},[62,148758,70043],{"class":68},[62,148760,409],{"class":95},[62,148762,41411],{"class":139},[62,148764,131],{"class":95},[62,148766,259],{"class":76},[62,148768,262],{"class":80},[62,148770,259],{"class":76},[62,148772,434],{"class":95},[62,148774,148775],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,148776,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,148778,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,148780,128],{"class":127},[62,148782,131],{"class":95},[62,148784,2470],{"class":139},[62,148786,741],{"class":95},[62,148788,880],{"class":146},[14,148790,148791,148792,148794],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148793,4082],{}," is often simpler:",[53,148796,148798],{"className":55,"code":148797,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148799,148800],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148801,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810,148812,148814,148816,148818],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148803,128],{"class":127},[62,148805,131],{"class":95},[62,148807,259],{"class":76},[62,148809,262],{"class":80},[62,148811,259],{"class":76},[62,148813,21336],{"class":729},[62,148815,70043],{"class":139},[62,148817,741],{"class":95},[62,148819,3866],{"class":146},[1256,148821,37366,148823,8884,148825],{"id":148822},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148824,147827],{},[18,148826,57240],{},[14,148828,148829],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148831,148832],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1256,148834,148836],{"id":148835},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148838,148839,148841],{},[18,148840,57235],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[53,148843,148845],{"className":55,"code":148844,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148846,148847,148880,148906],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148848,148849,148851,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148850,4270],{"class":68},[62,148852,73],{"class":72},[62,148854,854],{"class":95},[62,148856,259],{"class":76},[62,148858,901],{"class":80},[62,148860,259],{"class":76},[62,148862,103],{"class":95},[62,148864,77],{"class":76},[62,148866,148867],{"class":80},"pineapple",[62,148869,259],{"class":76},[62,148871,103],{"class":95},[62,148873,77],{"class":76},[62,148875,901],{"class":80},[62,148877,259],{"class":76},[62,148879,434],{"class":95},[62,148881,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148899,148901,148903],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,148883,128],{"class":127},[62,148885,131],{"class":95},[62,148887,4312],{"class":139},[62,148889,409],{"class":95},[62,148891,41411],{"class":139},[62,148893,131],{"class":95},[62,148895,259],{"class":76},[62,148897,148898],{"class":80},"app",[62,148900,259],{"class":76},[62,148902,143],{"class":95},[62,148904,148905],{"class":146},"    # 0\n",[62,148907,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924,148926,148928],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,148909,128],{"class":127},[62,148911,131],{"class":95},[62,148913,4312],{"class":139},[62,148915,409],{"class":95},[62,148917,41411],{"class":139},[62,148919,131],{"class":95},[62,148921,259],{"class":76},[62,148923,901],{"class":80},[62,148925,259],{"class":76},[62,148927,143],{"class":95},[62,148929,880],{"class":146},[14,148931,148932,148935,148936,409],{},[18,148933,148934],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,148937,665],{},[48,148939,148941],{"id":148940},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148943,148944],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[29,148946,148947,148952,148961,148967],{},[32,148948,169,148949,148951],{},[18,148950,4082],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[32,148953,169,148954,148960],{},[262,148955,148957,148958],{"href":148956},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,148959,58913],{}," to find the position of a value",[32,148962,169,148963,148966],{},[18,148964,148965],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[32,148968,148969],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148971,46192,148972,267],{},[18,148973,4082],{},[53,148975,148977],{"className":55,"code":148976,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,148978,148979,148999,149003,149019],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,148980,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993,148995,148997],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,148982,225],{"class":68},[62,148984,73],{"class":72},[62,148986,854],{"class":95},[62,148988,2708],{"class":99},[62,148990,103],{"class":95},[62,148992,309],{"class":99},[62,148994,103],{"class":95},[62,148996,54080],{"class":99},[62,148998,434],{"class":95},[62,149000,149001],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149002,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,149004,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149017],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,149006,128],{"class":127},[62,149008,131],{"class":95},[62,149010,2236],{"class":99},[62,149012,21336],{"class":729},[62,149014,4462],{"class":139},[62,149016,741],{"class":95},[62,149018,44006],{"class":146},[62,149020,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,149022,128],{"class":127},[62,149024,131],{"class":95},[62,149026,299],{"class":99},[62,149028,21336],{"class":729},[62,149030,4462],{"class":139},[62,149032,741],{"class":95},[62,149034,44023],{"class":146},[14,149036,46192,149037,267],{},[18,149038,58913],{},[53,149040,149042],{"className":55,"code":149041,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,149043,149044,149068],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149045,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149047,225],{"class":68},[62,149049,73],{"class":72},[62,149051,854],{"class":95},[62,149053,2708],{"class":99},[62,149055,103],{"class":95},[62,149057,309],{"class":99},[62,149059,103],{"class":95},[62,149061,54080],{"class":99},[62,149063,103],{"class":95},[62,149065,309],{"class":99},[62,149067,434],{"class":95},[62,149069,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082,149084,149086],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149071,128],{"class":127},[62,149073,131],{"class":95},[62,149075,348],{"class":139},[62,149077,409],{"class":95},[62,149079,36008],{"class":139},[62,149081,131],{"class":95},[62,149083,2236],{"class":99},[62,149085,143],{"class":95},[62,149087,27940],{"class":146},[14,149089,149090,149092,149093,149095,149097],{},[18,149091,57235],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10018,149094],{},[18,149096,58913],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[48,149099,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,149101,5340,149103,5343],{"id":149102},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,149104,147827],{},[14,149106,149107],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1256,149109,12875,149111,149113],{"id":149110},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,149112,147827],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149115,149116],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1256,149118,149120],{"id":149119},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149122,12082,149123,409],{},[18,149124,665],{},[1256,149126,5368,149128,149130],{"id":149127},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,149129,147827],{}," count strings?",[14,149132,149133],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1256,149135,5378,149137,1940,149139,632],{"id":149136},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,149138,147827],{},[18,149140,149141],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149143,149144,149146,149147,149149],{},[18,149145,57235],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,149148,58913],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[48,149151,2109],{"id":2108},[29,149153,149154,149158,149163,149170,149178],{},[32,149155,149156],{},[262,149157,147936],{"href":147935},[32,149159,149160],{},[262,149161,149162],{"href":147939},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[32,149164,149165],{},[262,149166,149167,149168,10912],{"href":148956},"Python tuple ",[18,149169,58913],{},[32,149171,149172],{},[262,149173,149175,149176],{"href":149174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,149177,20],{},[32,149179,149180],{},[262,149181,58901],{"href":58900},[2145,149183,149184],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":149186},[149187,149189,149192,149193,149194,149195,149196,149204,149205,149216],{"id":147903,"depth":87,"text":149188},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147943,"depth":87,"text":147944,"children":149190},[149191],{"id":103054,"depth":117,"text":103055},{"id":11647,"depth":87,"text":11648},{"id":38175,"depth":87,"text":38176},{"id":1248,"depth":87,"text":1249},{"id":148466,"depth":87,"text":148467},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":149197},[149198,149200,149201,149203],{"id":148626,"depth":117,"text":149199},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58538,"depth":117,"text":58954},{"id":148822,"depth":117,"text":149202},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148835,"depth":117,"text":148836},{"id":148940,"depth":87,"text":148941},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":149206},[149207,149209,149211,149212,149214],{"id":149102,"depth":117,"text":149208},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149110,"depth":117,"text":149210},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149119,"depth":117,"text":149120},{"id":149127,"depth":117,"text":149213},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149136,"depth":117,"text":149215},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147814,"description":149217},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149224,"title":149225,"body":149226,"description":150913,"extension":2174,"meta":150914,"navigation":120,"path":150915,"seo":150916,"stem":150917,"__hash__":150918},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149227,"toc":150876},[149228,149231,149234,149243,149245,149375,149377,149438,149444,149446,149466,149470,149473,149476,149511,149513,149534,149537,149576,149578,149603,149610,149614,149617,149654,149656,149679,149682,149685,149697,149703,149707,149710,149716,149757,149759,149782,149785,149826,149828,149855,149857,149874,149876,149893,149896,149900,149903,149905,149939,149941,149988,149992,150031,150035,150038,150095,150097,150138,150144,150150,150155,150157,150194,150196,150216,150218,150251,150253,150286,150289,150293,150326,150328,150353,150356,150358,150372,150379,150381,150384,150388,150391,150426,150429,150464,150468,150471,150510,150513,150552,150556,150558,150588,150591,150598,150600,150632,150635,150667,150670,150701,150703,150720,150724,150727,150791,150793,150797,150804,150808,150811,150815,150818,150822,150825,150830,150836,150838,150873],[10,149229,149225],{"id":149230},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149232,149233],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149235,149236,149237,2022,149241,409],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[262,149238,149240],{"href":149239},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[262,149242,147936],{"href":147935},[48,149244,51],{"id":50},[53,149246,149248],{"className":55,"code":149247,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149249,149250,149270,149279,149293,149329,149333,149343,149353,149364],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149251,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149253,225],{"class":68},[62,149255,73],{"class":72},[62,149257,854],{"class":95},[62,149259,499],{"class":99},[62,149261,103],{"class":95},[62,149263,284],{"class":99},[62,149265,103],{"class":95},[62,149267,508],{"class":99},[62,149269,434],{"class":95},[62,149271,149272,149274,149276],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149273,124800],{"class":68},[62,149275,73],{"class":72},[62,149277,149278],{"class":95}," ()\n",[62,149280,149281,149284,149286,149288,149290],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,149282,149283],{"class":68},"one_item ",[62,149285,73],{"class":72},[62,149287,854],{"class":95},[62,149289,299],{"class":99},[62,149291,149292],{"class":95},",)\n",[62,149294,149295,149298,149300,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,149296,149297],{"class":68},"from_list ",[62,149299,73],{"class":72},[62,149301,149302],{"class":430}," tuple",[62,149304,496],{"class":95},[62,149306,259],{"class":76},[62,149308,262],{"class":80},[62,149310,259],{"class":76},[62,149312,103],{"class":95},[62,149314,77],{"class":76},[62,149316,277],{"class":80},[62,149318,259],{"class":76},[62,149320,103],{"class":95},[62,149322,77],{"class":76},[62,149324,9912],{"class":80},[62,149326,259],{"class":76},[62,149328,4088],{"class":95},[62,149330,149331],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,149332,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,149334,149335,149337,149339,149341],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,149336,128],{"class":127},[62,149338,131],{"class":95},[62,149340,348],{"class":139},[62,149342,434],{"class":95},[62,149344,149345,149347,149349,149351],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,149346,128],{"class":127},[62,149348,131],{"class":95},[62,149350,124851],{"class":139},[62,149352,434],{"class":95},[62,149354,149355,149357,149359,149362],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,149356,128],{"class":127},[62,149358,131],{"class":95},[62,149360,149361],{"class":139},"one_item",[62,149363,434],{"class":95},[62,149365,149366,149368,149370,149373],{"class":64,"line":375},[62,149367,128],{"class":127},[62,149369,131],{"class":95},[62,149371,149372],{"class":139},"from_list",[62,149374,434],{"class":95},[14,149376,2282],{},[53,149378,149380],{"className":55,"code":149379,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149381,149382,149398,149402,149410],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149383,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149385,131],{"class":95},[62,149387,499],{"class":99},[62,149389,103],{"class":95},[62,149391,284],{"class":99},[62,149393,103],{"class":95},[62,149395,508],{"class":99},[62,149397,434],{"class":95},[62,149399,149400],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149401,8822],{"class":95},[62,149403,149404,149406,149408],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,149405,131],{"class":95},[62,149407,299],{"class":99},[62,149409,149292],{"class":95},[62,149411,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432,149434,149436],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,149413,131],{"class":95},[62,149415,3503],{"class":76},[62,149417,262],{"class":80},[62,149419,3503],{"class":76},[62,149421,103],{"class":95},[62,149423,3498],{"class":76},[62,149425,277],{"class":80},[62,149427,3503],{"class":76},[62,149429,103],{"class":95},[62,149431,3498],{"class":76},[62,149433,9912],{"class":80},[62,149435,3503],{"class":76},[62,149437,434],{"class":95},[14,149439,149440,149441,409],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149442,149443],{},"(5,)",[48,149445,15330],{"id":15329},[29,149447,149448,149451,149454,149457,149460,149463],{},[32,149449,149450],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[32,149452,149453],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[32,149455,149456],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[32,149458,149459],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[32,149461,149462],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[32,149464,149465],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[48,149467,149469],{"id":149468},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149471,149472],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149474,149475],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[53,149477,149479],{"className":55,"code":149478,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149480,149481,149501],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149482,149483,149485,149487,149489,149491,149493,149495,149497,149499],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149484,225],{"class":68},[62,149486,73],{"class":72},[62,149488,854],{"class":95},[62,149490,499],{"class":99},[62,149492,103],{"class":95},[62,149494,284],{"class":99},[62,149496,103],{"class":95},[62,149498,508],{"class":99},[62,149500,434],{"class":95},[62,149502,149503,149505,149507,149509],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149504,128],{"class":127},[62,149506,131],{"class":95},[62,149508,348],{"class":139},[62,149510,434],{"class":95},[14,149512,2282],{},[53,149514,149516],{"className":55,"code":149515,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149517,149518],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149519,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149521,131],{"class":95},[62,149523,499],{"class":99},[62,149525,103],{"class":95},[62,149527,284],{"class":99},[62,149529,103],{"class":95},[62,149531,508],{"class":99},[62,149533,434],{"class":95},[14,149535,149536],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[53,149538,149540],{"className":55,"code":149539,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149541,149542,149566],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149543,149544,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149545,251],{"class":68},[62,149547,73],{"class":72},[62,149549,854],{"class":95},[62,149551,499],{"class":99},[62,149553,103],{"class":95},[62,149555,77],{"class":76},[62,149557,901],{"class":80},[62,149559,259],{"class":76},[62,149561,103],{"class":95},[62,149563,4115],{"class":1618},[62,149565,434],{"class":95},[62,149567,149568,149570,149572,149574],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149569,128],{"class":127},[62,149571,131],{"class":95},[62,149573,367],{"class":139},[62,149575,434],{"class":95},[14,149577,2282],{},[53,149579,149581],{"className":55,"code":149580,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149582,149583],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149584,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149586,131],{"class":95},[62,149588,499],{"class":99},[62,149590,103],{"class":95},[62,149592,3498],{"class":76},[62,149594,901],{"class":80},[62,149596,3503],{"class":76},[62,149598,103],{"class":95},[62,149600,4115],{"class":1618},[62,149602,434],{"class":95},[14,149604,149605,149606,409],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[262,149607,149609],{"href":149608},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[48,149611,149613],{"id":149612},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149615,149616],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[53,149618,149620],{"className":55,"code":149619,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149621,149622,149630,149640],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149623,149624,149626,149628],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149625,124800],{"class":68},[62,149627,73],{"class":72},[62,149629,149278],{"class":95},[62,149631,149632,149634,149636,149638],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149633,128],{"class":127},[62,149635,131],{"class":95},[62,149637,124851],{"class":139},[62,149639,434],{"class":95},[62,149641,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,149643,128],{"class":127},[62,149645,131],{"class":95},[62,149647,1690],{"class":430},[62,149649,131],{"class":95},[62,149651,124851],{"class":139},[62,149653,1013],{"class":95},[14,149655,2282],{},[53,149657,149659],{"className":55,"code":149658,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149660,149661,149665],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149662,149663],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149664,8822],{"class":95},[62,149666,149667,149669,149671,149673,149675,149677],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149668,3492],{"class":72},[62,149670,3495],{"class":2276},[62,149672,3498],{"class":76},[62,149674,49103],{"class":80},[62,149676,3503],{"class":76},[62,149678,3506],{"class":72},[14,149680,149681],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149683,149684],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[29,149686,149687,149692],{},[32,149688,149689,149690],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149691,7557],{},[32,149693,149694,149695],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149696,3990],{},[14,149698,149699,149700,409],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[262,149701,149702],{"href":57098},"Python list: creating a list",[48,149704,149706],{"id":149705},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149708,149709],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149711,149712,149713,149715],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3946,149714,4830],{}," automatically a tuple:",[53,149717,149719],{"className":55,"code":149718,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149720,149721,149733,149743],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149722,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149724,1613],{"class":68},[62,149726,73],{"class":72},[62,149728,854],{"class":95},[62,149730,299],{"class":99},[62,149732,434],{"class":95},[62,149734,149735,149737,149739,149741],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149736,128],{"class":127},[62,149738,131],{"class":95},[62,149740,1632],{"class":139},[62,149742,434],{"class":95},[62,149744,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,149746,128],{"class":127},[62,149748,131],{"class":95},[62,149750,1690],{"class":430},[62,149752,131],{"class":95},[62,149754,1632],{"class":139},[62,149756,1013],{"class":95},[14,149758,2282],{},[53,149760,149762],{"className":55,"code":149761,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149763,149764,149768],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149765,149766],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149767,3150],{"class":99},[62,149769,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149771,3492],{"class":72},[62,149773,3495],{"class":2276},[62,149775,3498],{"class":76},[62,149777,2021],{"class":80},[62,149779,3503],{"class":76},[62,149781,3506],{"class":72},[14,149783,149784],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[53,149786,149788],{"className":55,"code":149787,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149789,149790,149802,149812],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149791,149792,149794,149796,149798,149800],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149793,149283],{"class":68},[62,149795,73],{"class":72},[62,149797,854],{"class":95},[62,149799,299],{"class":99},[62,149801,149292],{"class":95},[62,149803,149804,149806,149808,149810],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149805,128],{"class":127},[62,149807,131],{"class":95},[62,149809,149361],{"class":139},[62,149811,434],{"class":95},[62,149813,149814,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,149815,128],{"class":127},[62,149817,131],{"class":95},[62,149819,1690],{"class":430},[62,149821,131],{"class":95},[62,149823,149361],{"class":139},[62,149825,1013],{"class":95},[14,149827,2282],{},[53,149829,149831],{"className":55,"code":149830,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149832,149833,149841],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149834,149835,149837,149839],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149836,131],{"class":95},[62,149838,299],{"class":99},[62,149840,149292],{"class":95},[62,149842,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149844,3492],{"class":72},[62,149846,3495],{"class":2276},[62,149848,3498],{"class":76},[62,149850,49103],{"class":80},[62,149852,3503],{"class":76},[62,149854,3506],{"class":72},[14,149856,16822],{},[53,149858,149860],{"className":55,"code":149859,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149861,149862],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149863,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149865,131],{"class":95},[62,149867,259],{"class":76},[62,149869,901],{"class":80},[62,149871,259],{"class":76},[62,149873,149292],{"class":95},[14,149875,16810],{},[53,149877,149879],{"className":55,"code":149878,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,149880,149881],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149882,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149884,131],{"class":95},[62,149886,259],{"class":76},[62,149888,901],{"class":80},[62,149890,259],{"class":76},[62,149892,434],{"class":95},[14,149894,149895],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[48,149897,149899],{"id":149898},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149901,149902],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1256,149904,56406],{"id":348},[53,149906,149907],{"className":55,"code":149478,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,149908,149909,149929],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149910,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149912,225],{"class":68},[62,149914,73],{"class":72},[62,149916,854],{"class":95},[62,149918,499],{"class":99},[62,149920,103],{"class":95},[62,149922,284],{"class":99},[62,149924,103],{"class":95},[62,149926,508],{"class":99},[62,149928,434],{"class":95},[62,149930,149931,149933,149935,149937],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149932,128],{"class":127},[62,149934,131],{"class":95},[62,149936,348],{"class":139},[62,149938,434],{"class":95},[1256,149940,56409],{"id":5508},[53,149942,149944],{"className":55,"code":149943,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,149945,149946,149978],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149947,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,149949,788],{"class":68},[62,149951,73],{"class":72},[62,149953,854],{"class":95},[62,149955,259],{"class":76},[62,149957,797],{"class":80},[62,149959,259],{"class":76},[62,149961,103],{"class":95},[62,149963,77],{"class":76},[62,149965,806],{"class":80},[62,149967,259],{"class":76},[62,149969,103],{"class":95},[62,149971,77],{"class":76},[62,149973,815],{"class":80},[62,149975,259],{"class":76},[62,149977,434],{"class":95},[62,149979,149980,149982,149984,149986],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,149981,128],{"class":127},[62,149983,131],{"class":95},[62,149985,832],{"class":139},[62,149987,434],{"class":95},[1256,149989,149991],{"id":149990},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[53,149993,149995],{"className":55,"code":149994,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,149996,149997,150021],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,149998,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015,150017,150019],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150000,59418],{"class":68},[62,150002,73],{"class":72},[62,150004,854],{"class":95},[62,150006,499],{"class":99},[62,150008,103],{"class":95},[62,150010,77],{"class":76},[62,150012,901],{"class":80},[62,150014,259],{"class":76},[62,150016,103],{"class":95},[62,150018,4115],{"class":1618},[62,150020,434],{"class":95},[62,150022,150023,150025,150027,150029],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150024,128],{"class":127},[62,150026,131],{"class":95},[62,150028,59471],{"class":139},[62,150030,434],{"class":95},[1256,150032,150034],{"id":150033},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150036,150037],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[53,150039,150041],{"className":55,"code":150040,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,150042,150043,150084],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150044,150045,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150046,150047],{"class":68},"nested ",[62,150049,73],{"class":72},[62,150051,854],{"class":95},[62,150053,499],{"class":99},[62,150055,103],{"class":95},[62,150057,854],{"class":95},[62,150059,259],{"class":76},[62,150061,262],{"class":80},[62,150063,259],{"class":76},[62,150065,103],{"class":95},[62,150067,77],{"class":76},[62,150069,277],{"class":80},[62,150071,259],{"class":76},[62,150073,9408],{"class":95},[62,150075,96],{"class":95},[62,150077,100],{"class":99},[62,150079,103],{"class":95},[62,150081,106],{"class":99},[62,150083,4088],{"class":95},[62,150085,150086,150088,150090,150093],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150087,128],{"class":127},[62,150089,131],{"class":95},[62,150091,150092],{"class":139},"nested",[62,150094,434],{"class":95},[14,150096,2282],{},[53,150098,150100],{"className":55,"code":150099,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,150101,150102],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150103,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150105,131],{"class":95},[62,150107,499],{"class":99},[62,150109,103],{"class":95},[62,150111,854],{"class":95},[62,150113,3503],{"class":76},[62,150115,262],{"class":80},[62,150117,3503],{"class":76},[62,150119,103],{"class":95},[62,150121,3498],{"class":76},[62,150123,277],{"class":80},[62,150125,3503],{"class":76},[62,150127,9408],{"class":95},[62,150129,96],{"class":95},[62,150131,100],{"class":99},[62,150133,103],{"class":95},[62,150135,106],{"class":99},[62,150137,4088],{"class":95},[48,150139,150141,150142],{"id":150140},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,150143,38202],{},[14,150145,150146,150147,150149],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,150148,38202],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150151,150152,150153,409],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[262,150154,63164],{"href":63163},[1256,150156,105195],{"id":105194},[53,150158,150160],{"className":55,"code":150159,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,150161,150162,150184],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150163,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150165,225],{"class":68},[62,150167,73],{"class":72},[62,150169,149302],{"class":430},[62,150171,496],{"class":95},[62,150173,499],{"class":99},[62,150175,103],{"class":95},[62,150177,284],{"class":99},[62,150179,103],{"class":95},[62,150181,508],{"class":99},[62,150183,4088],{"class":95},[62,150185,150186,150188,150190,150192],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150187,128],{"class":127},[62,150189,131],{"class":95},[62,150191,348],{"class":139},[62,150193,434],{"class":95},[14,150195,2282],{},[53,150197,150198],{"className":55,"code":149515,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,150199,150200],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150201,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150203,131],{"class":95},[62,150205,499],{"class":99},[62,150207,103],{"class":95},[62,150209,284],{"class":99},[62,150211,103],{"class":95},[62,150213,508],{"class":99},[62,150215,434],{"class":95},[1256,150217,105381],{"id":105380},[53,150219,150221],{"className":55,"code":150220,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150222,150223,150241],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150224,150225,150227,150229,150231,150233,150235,150237,150239],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150226,36253],{"class":68},[62,150228,73],{"class":72},[62,150230,149302],{"class":430},[62,150232,131],{"class":95},[62,150234,259],{"class":76},[62,150236,41712],{"class":80},[62,150238,259],{"class":76},[62,150240,434],{"class":95},[62,150242,150243,150245,150247,150249],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150244,128],{"class":127},[62,150246,131],{"class":95},[62,150248,582],{"class":139},[62,150250,434],{"class":95},[14,150252,2282],{},[53,150254,150256],{"className":55,"code":150255,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150257,150258],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150259,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150261,131],{"class":95},[62,150263,3503],{"class":76},[62,150265,262],{"class":80},[62,150267,3503],{"class":76},[62,150269,103],{"class":95},[62,150271,3498],{"class":76},[62,150273,277],{"class":80},[62,150275,3503],{"class":76},[62,150277,103],{"class":95},[62,150279,3498],{"class":76},[62,150281,9912],{"class":80},[62,150283,3503],{"class":76},[62,150285,434],{"class":95},[14,150287,150288],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1256,150290,150292],{"id":150291},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[53,150294,150296],{"className":55,"code":150295,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150297,150298,150316],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150299,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150301,292],{"class":68},[62,150303,73],{"class":72},[62,150305,149302],{"class":430},[62,150307,131],{"class":95},[62,150309,59944],{"class":127},[62,150311,131],{"class":95},[62,150313,2708],{"class":99},[62,150315,1013],{"class":95},[62,150317,150318,150320,150322,150324],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150319,128],{"class":127},[62,150321,131],{"class":95},[62,150323,386],{"class":139},[62,150325,434],{"class":95},[14,150327,2282],{},[53,150329,150331],{"className":55,"code":150330,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150332,150333],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150334,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150336,131],{"class":95},[62,150338,665],{"class":99},[62,150340,103],{"class":95},[62,150342,270],{"class":99},[62,150344,103],{"class":95},[62,150346,284],{"class":99},[62,150348,103],{"class":95},[62,150350,508],{"class":99},[62,150352,434],{"class":95},[14,150354,150355],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[48,150357,20963],{"id":20962},[29,150359,150360,150363,150366,150369],{},[32,150361,150362],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[32,150364,150365],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[32,150367,150368],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[32,150370,150371],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150373,150374,150375,409],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[262,150376,150378],{"href":150377},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[48,150380,1824],{"id":1823},[14,150382,150383],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1256,150385,150387],{"id":150386},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150389,150390],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[53,150392,150394],{"className":55,"code":150393,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150395,150396,150412],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150397,150398,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150399,28699],{"class":68},[62,150401,73],{"class":72},[62,150403,854],{"class":95},[62,150405,259],{"class":76},[62,150407,901],{"class":80},[62,150409,259],{"class":76},[62,150411,434],{"class":95},[62,150413,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150415,128],{"class":127},[62,150417,131],{"class":95},[62,150419,1690],{"class":430},[62,150421,131],{"class":95},[62,150423,23470],{"class":139},[62,150425,1013],{"class":95},[14,150427,150428],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[53,150430,150432],{"className":55,"code":150431,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150433,150434,150450],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150435,150436,150438,150440,150442,150444,150446,150448],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150437,28699],{"class":68},[62,150439,73],{"class":72},[62,150441,854],{"class":95},[62,150443,259],{"class":76},[62,150445,901],{"class":80},[62,150447,259],{"class":76},[62,150449,149292],{"class":95},[62,150451,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150453,128],{"class":127},[62,150455,131],{"class":95},[62,150457,1690],{"class":430},[62,150459,131],{"class":95},[62,150461,23470],{"class":139},[62,150463,1013],{"class":95},[1256,150465,150467],{"id":150466},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150469,150470],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[53,150472,150474],{"className":55,"code":150473,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150475,150476,150496],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150477,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488,150490,150492,150494],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150479,292],{"class":68},[62,150481,73],{"class":72},[62,150483,96],{"class":95},[62,150485,499],{"class":99},[62,150487,103],{"class":95},[62,150489,284],{"class":99},[62,150491,103],{"class":95},[62,150493,508],{"class":99},[62,150495,114],{"class":95},[62,150497,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150499,128],{"class":127},[62,150501,131],{"class":95},[62,150503,1690],{"class":430},[62,150505,131],{"class":95},[62,150507,386],{"class":139},[62,150509,1013],{"class":95},[14,150511,150512],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[53,150514,150516],{"className":55,"code":150515,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150517,150518,150538],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150519,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150521,292],{"class":68},[62,150523,73],{"class":72},[62,150525,854],{"class":95},[62,150527,499],{"class":99},[62,150529,103],{"class":95},[62,150531,284],{"class":99},[62,150533,103],{"class":95},[62,150535,508],{"class":99},[62,150537,434],{"class":95},[62,150539,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150541,128],{"class":127},[62,150543,131],{"class":95},[62,150545,1690],{"class":430},[62,150547,131],{"class":95},[62,150549,386],{"class":139},[62,150551,1013],{"class":95},[1256,150553,150555],{"id":150554},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150557,150368],{},[53,150559,150561],{"className":55,"code":150560,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150562,150563,150583],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150564,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577,150579,150581],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150566,225],{"class":68},[62,150568,73],{"class":72},[62,150570,854],{"class":95},[62,150572,499],{"class":99},[62,150574,103],{"class":95},[62,150576,284],{"class":99},[62,150578,103],{"class":95},[62,150580,508],{"class":99},[62,150582,434],{"class":95},[62,150584,150585],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150586,150587],{"class":146},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150589,150590],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1256,150592,37366,150594,150597],{"id":150593},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150595,150596],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150599,64590],{},[53,150601,150602],{"className":55,"code":150220,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,150603,150604,150622],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150605,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150607,36253],{"class":68},[62,150609,73],{"class":72},[62,150611,149302],{"class":430},[62,150613,131],{"class":95},[62,150615,259],{"class":76},[62,150617,41712],{"class":80},[62,150619,259],{"class":76},[62,150621,434],{"class":95},[62,150623,150624,150626,150628,150630],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150625,128],{"class":127},[62,150627,131],{"class":95},[62,150629,582],{"class":139},[62,150631,434],{"class":95},[14,150633,150634],{},"gives:",[53,150636,150637],{"className":55,"code":150255,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,150638,150639],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150640,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661,150663,150665],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150642,131],{"class":95},[62,150644,3503],{"class":76},[62,150646,262],{"class":80},[62,150648,3503],{"class":76},[62,150650,103],{"class":95},[62,150652,3498],{"class":76},[62,150654,277],{"class":80},[62,150656,3503],{"class":76},[62,150658,103],{"class":95},[62,150660,3498],{"class":76},[62,150662,9912],{"class":80},[62,150664,3503],{"class":76},[62,150666,434],{"class":95},[14,150668,150669],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[53,150671,150673],{"className":55,"code":150672,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150674,150675,150691],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150676,150677,150679,150681,150683,150685,150687,150689],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150678,1324],{"class":68},[62,150680,73],{"class":72},[62,150682,854],{"class":95},[62,150684,259],{"class":76},[62,150686,41712],{"class":80},[62,150688,259],{"class":76},[62,150690,149292],{"class":95},[62,150692,150693,150695,150697,150699],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150694,128],{"class":127},[62,150696,131],{"class":95},[62,150698,1362],{"class":139},[62,150700,434],{"class":95},[14,150702,2282],{},[53,150704,150706],{"className":55,"code":150705,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('abc',)\n",[18,150707,150708],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150709,150710,150712,150714,150716,150718],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150711,131],{"class":95},[62,150713,3503],{"class":76},[62,150715,41712],{"class":80},[62,150717,3503],{"class":76},[62,150719,149292],{"class":95},[1256,150721,150723],{"id":150722},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150725,150726],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[53,150728,150730],{"className":55,"code":150729,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150731,150732,150749,150753,150763,150777],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150733,150734,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150735,150736],{"class":68},"my_tuple ",[62,150738,73],{"class":72},[62,150740,854],{"class":95},[62,150742,259],{"class":76},[62,150744,901],{"class":80},[62,150746,259],{"class":76},[62,150748,149292],{"class":95},[62,150750,150751],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150752,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,150754,150755,150757,150759,150761],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,150756,128],{"class":127},[62,150758,131],{"class":95},[62,150760,147954],{"class":139},[62,150762,434],{"class":95},[62,150764,150765,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,150766,128],{"class":127},[62,150768,131],{"class":95},[62,150770,1690],{"class":430},[62,150772,131],{"class":95},[62,150774,147954],{"class":139},[62,150776,1013],{"class":95},[62,150778,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,150780,128],{"class":127},[62,150782,131],{"class":95},[62,150784,134],{"class":127},[62,150786,131],{"class":95},[62,150788,147954],{"class":139},[62,150790,1013],{"class":95},[48,150792,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,150794,150796],{"id":150795},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150798,150799,150800,150803],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150801,150802],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1256,150805,150807],{"id":150806},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150809,150810],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1256,150812,150814],{"id":150813},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150816,150817],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1256,150819,150821],{"id":150820},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150823,150824],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1256,150826,5340,150828,12887],{"id":150827},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150829,150596],{},[14,150831,5346,150832,150835],{},[18,150833,150834],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[48,150837,2109],{"id":2108},[29,150839,150840,150844,150848,150854,150859,150864,150868],{},[32,150841,150842],{},[262,150843,147936],{"href":147935},[32,150845,150846],{},[262,150847,149609],{"href":149608},[32,150849,150850],{},[262,150851,150853],{"href":150852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[32,150855,150856],{},[262,150857,150858],{"href":149174},"Python tuple length with len()",[32,150860,150861],{},[262,150862,150863],{"href":149239},"What is a tuple in Python?",[32,150865,150866],{},[262,150867,63164],{"href":63163},[32,150869,150870],{},[262,150871,150872],{"href":150377},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2145,150874,150875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":150877},[150878,150879,150880,150881,150882,150883,150889,150895,150896,150904,150912],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":15329,"depth":87,"text":15330},{"id":149468,"depth":87,"text":149469},{"id":149612,"depth":87,"text":149613},{"id":149705,"depth":87,"text":149706},{"id":149898,"depth":87,"text":149899,"children":150884},[150885,150886,150887,150888],{"id":348,"depth":117,"text":56406},{"id":5508,"depth":117,"text":56409},{"id":149990,"depth":117,"text":149991},{"id":150033,"depth":117,"text":150034},{"id":150140,"depth":87,"text":150890,"children":150891},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150892,150893,150894],{"id":105194,"depth":117,"text":105195},{"id":105380,"depth":117,"text":105381},{"id":150291,"depth":117,"text":150292},{"id":20962,"depth":87,"text":20963},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":150897},[150898,150899,150900,150901,150903],{"id":150386,"depth":117,"text":150387},{"id":150466,"depth":117,"text":150467},{"id":150554,"depth":117,"text":150555},{"id":150593,"depth":117,"text":150902},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150722,"depth":117,"text":150723},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":150905},[150906,150907,150908,150909,150910],{"id":150795,"depth":117,"text":150796},{"id":150806,"depth":117,"text":150807},{"id":150813,"depth":117,"text":150814},{"id":150820,"depth":117,"text":150821},{"id":150827,"depth":117,"text":150911},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149225,"description":150913},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150920,"title":150921,"body":150922,"description":152467,"extension":2174,"meta":152468,"navigation":120,"path":152469,"seo":152470,"stem":152471,"__hash__":152472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150923,"toc":152437},[150924,150927,150932,150934,150947,150953,150955,151022,151024,151059,151064,151068,151072,151074,151085,151093,151095,151097,151118,151120,151140,151143,151145,151150,151193,151195,151217,151220,151233,151237,151241,151244,151297,151299,151320,151325,151329,151332,151377,151379,151412,151424,151428,151436,151473,151475,151504,151508,151511,151564,151566,151586,151593,151597,151602,151671,151673,151698,151702,151705,151711,151788,151790,151849,151851,151863,151868,151872,151876,151890,151892,151927,151929,151946,151949,151962,151966,151970,151981,151986,152001,152004,152007,152009,152012,152016,152018,152032,152034,152058,152063,152067,152070,152089,152092,152141,152146,152163,152166,152199,152203,152205,152256,152259,152284,152287,152310,152314,152320,152322,152357,152360,152365,152367,152371,152374,152378,152383,152387,152390,152394,152397,152401,152406,152408,152434],[10,150925,150921],{"id":150926},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150928,16,150929,150931],{},[18,150930,38202],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150933,82536],{},[29,150935,150936,150941],{},[32,150937,150938,150940],{},[18,150939,38202],{}," creates an empty tuple",[32,150942,150943,150946],{},[18,150944,150945],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150948,150949,150950,150952],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,150951,38202],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[48,150954,51],{"id":50},[53,150956,150958],{"className":55,"code":150957,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,150959,150960,150980,150994,150998,151008],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,150961,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,150963,225],{"class":68},[62,150965,73],{"class":72},[62,150967,96],{"class":95},[62,150969,499],{"class":99},[62,150971,103],{"class":95},[62,150973,284],{"class":99},[62,150975,103],{"class":95},[62,150977,508],{"class":99},[62,150979,114],{"class":95},[62,150981,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,150983,2435],{"class":68},[62,150985,73],{"class":72},[62,150987,149302],{"class":430},[62,150989,131],{"class":95},[62,150991,348],{"class":139},[62,150993,434],{"class":95},[62,150995,150996],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,150997,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,150999,151000,151002,151004,151006],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,151001,128],{"class":127},[62,151003,131],{"class":95},[62,151005,2470],{"class":139},[62,151007,434],{"class":95},[62,151009,151010,151012,151014,151016,151018,151020],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,151011,128],{"class":127},[62,151013,131],{"class":95},[62,151015,1690],{"class":430},[62,151017,131],{"class":95},[62,151019,2470],{"class":139},[62,151021,1013],{"class":95},[14,151023,2282],{},[53,151025,151027],{"className":55,"code":151026,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,151028,151029,151045],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151030,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151032,131],{"class":95},[62,151034,499],{"class":99},[62,151036,103],{"class":95},[62,151038,284],{"class":99},[62,151040,103],{"class":95},[62,151042,508],{"class":99},[62,151044,434],{"class":95},[62,151046,151047,151049,151051,151053,151055,151057],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151048,3492],{"class":72},[62,151050,3495],{"class":2276},[62,151052,3498],{"class":76},[62,151054,49103],{"class":80},[62,151056,3503],{"class":76},[62,151058,3506],{"class":72},[14,151060,169,151061,151063],{},[18,151062,150945],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[48,151065,151067],{"id":151066},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151069,151070,62872],{},[18,151071,38202],{},[14,151073,49077],{},[29,151075,151076,151079,151082],{},[32,151077,151078],{},"creates a tuple object",[32,151080,151081],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[32,151083,151084],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151086,151087,151088,151090,151091,409],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[262,151089,149240],{"href":149239}," or the full guide to ",[262,151092,147936],{"href":147935},[48,151094,413],{"id":412},[14,151096,26648],{},[53,151098,151100],{"className":55,"code":151099,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,151101,151102,151108],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151103,151104,151106],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151105,49103],{"class":430},[62,151107,8822],{"class":95},[62,151109,151110,151112,151114,151116],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151111,49103],{"class":430},[62,151113,131],{"class":95},[62,151115,3923],{"class":139},[62,151117,434],{"class":95},[14,151119,11631],{},[29,151121,151122,151125],{},[32,151123,151124],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[32,151126,151127,151128],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[29,151129,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138],{},[32,151131,5499],{},[32,151133,5508],{},[32,151135,62943],{},[32,151137,5505],{},[32,151139,7442],{},[14,151141,151142],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[48,151144,149613],{"id":149612},[14,151146,29811,151147,151149],{},[18,151148,38202],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[53,151151,151153],{"className":55,"code":151152,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,151154,151155,151165,151169,151179],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151156,151157,151159,151161,151163],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151158,124800],{"class":68},[62,151160,73],{"class":72},[62,151162,149302],{"class":430},[62,151164,8822],{"class":95},[62,151166,151167],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151168,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,151170,151171,151173,151175,151177],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,151172,128],{"class":127},[62,151174,131],{"class":95},[62,151176,124851],{"class":139},[62,151178,434],{"class":95},[62,151180,151181,151183,151185,151187,151189,151191],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,151182,128],{"class":127},[62,151184,131],{"class":95},[62,151186,1690],{"class":430},[62,151188,131],{"class":95},[62,151190,124851],{"class":139},[62,151192,1013],{"class":95},[14,151194,2282],{},[53,151196,151197],{"className":55,"code":149658,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,151198,151199,151203],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151200,151201],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151202,8822],{"class":95},[62,151204,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151206,3492],{"class":72},[62,151208,3495],{"class":2276},[62,151210,3498],{"class":76},[62,151212,49103],{"class":80},[62,151214,3503],{"class":76},[62,151216,3506],{"class":72},[14,151218,151219],{},"This is equivalent to:",[53,151221,151223],{"className":55,"code":151222,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty = ()\n",[18,151224,151225],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151226,151227,151229,151231],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151228,124800],{"class":68},[62,151230,73],{"class":72},[62,151232,149278],{"class":95},[48,151234,151236],{"id":151235},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1256,151238,151240],{"id":151239},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151242,151243],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[53,151245,151247],{"className":55,"code":151246,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151248,151249,151269,151283,151287],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151250,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151252,225],{"class":68},[62,151254,73],{"class":72},[62,151256,96],{"class":95},[62,151258,100],{"class":99},[62,151260,103],{"class":95},[62,151262,106],{"class":99},[62,151264,103],{"class":95},[62,151266,111],{"class":99},[62,151268,114],{"class":95},[62,151270,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151272,2435],{"class":68},[62,151274,73],{"class":72},[62,151276,149302],{"class":430},[62,151278,131],{"class":95},[62,151280,348],{"class":139},[62,151282,434],{"class":95},[62,151284,151285],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,151286,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,151288,151289,151291,151293,151295],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,151290,128],{"class":127},[62,151292,131],{"class":95},[62,151294,2470],{"class":139},[62,151296,434],{"class":95},[14,151298,2282],{},[53,151300,151302],{"className":55,"code":151301,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,151303,151304],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151305,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151307,131],{"class":95},[62,151309,100],{"class":99},[62,151311,103],{"class":95},[62,151313,106],{"class":99},[62,151315,103],{"class":95},[62,151317,111],{"class":99},[62,151319,434],{"class":95},[14,151321,151322,151323,409],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[262,151324,105000],{"href":60001},[1256,151326,151328],{"id":151327},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151330,151331],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[53,151333,151335],{"className":55,"code":151334,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151336,151337,151349,151363,151367],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151338,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151340,69],{"class":68},[62,151342,73],{"class":72},[62,151344,77],{"class":76},[62,151346,37209],{"class":80},[62,151348,84],{"class":76},[62,151350,151351,151353,151355,151357,151359,151361],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151352,2435],{"class":68},[62,151354,73],{"class":72},[62,151356,149302],{"class":430},[62,151358,131],{"class":95},[62,151360,140],{"class":139},[62,151362,434],{"class":95},[62,151364,151365],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,151366,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,151368,151369,151371,151373,151375],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,151370,128],{"class":127},[62,151372,131],{"class":95},[62,151374,2470],{"class":139},[62,151376,434],{"class":95},[14,151378,2282],{},[53,151380,151382],{"className":55,"code":151381,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,151383,151384],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151385,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406,151408,151410],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151387,131],{"class":95},[62,151389,3503],{"class":76},[62,151391,9912],{"class":80},[62,151393,3503],{"class":76},[62,151395,103],{"class":95},[62,151397,3498],{"class":76},[62,151399,262],{"class":80},[62,151401,3503],{"class":76},[62,151403,103],{"class":95},[62,151405,3498],{"class":76},[62,151407,63233],{"class":80},[62,151409,3503],{"class":76},[62,151411,434],{"class":95},[14,151413,151414,151415,14220,151418,151420,151421,409],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,151416,151417],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3946,151419,4830],{}," create ",[18,151422,151423],{},"('cat',)",[1256,151425,151427],{"id":151426},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151429,151430,151432,151433,151435],{},[18,151431,36359],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151434,38202],{}," collects them all.",[53,151437,151439],{"className":55,"code":151438,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151440,151441,151459,151463],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151442,151443,151445,151447,151449,151451,151453,151455,151457],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151444,2435],{"class":68},[62,151446,73],{"class":72},[62,151448,149302],{"class":430},[62,151450,131],{"class":95},[62,151452,59944],{"class":127},[62,151454,131],{"class":95},[62,151456,299],{"class":99},[62,151458,1013],{"class":95},[62,151460,151461],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151462,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,151464,151465,151467,151469,151471],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,151466,128],{"class":127},[62,151468,131],{"class":95},[62,151470,2470],{"class":139},[62,151472,434],{"class":95},[14,151474,2282],{},[53,151476,151478],{"className":55,"code":151477,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151479,151480],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151481,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500,151502],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151483,131],{"class":95},[62,151485,665],{"class":99},[62,151487,103],{"class":95},[62,151489,270],{"class":99},[62,151491,103],{"class":95},[62,151493,284],{"class":99},[62,151495,103],{"class":95},[62,151497,508],{"class":99},[62,151499,103],{"class":95},[62,151501,2661],{"class":99},[62,151503,434],{"class":95},[1256,151505,151507],{"id":151506},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151509,151510],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[53,151512,151514],{"className":55,"code":151513,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151515,151516,151536,151550,151554],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151517,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151519,292],{"class":68},[62,151521,73],{"class":72},[62,151523,256],{"class":95},[62,151525,499],{"class":99},[62,151527,103],{"class":95},[62,151529,284],{"class":99},[62,151531,103],{"class":95},[62,151533,508],{"class":99},[62,151535,287],{"class":95},[62,151537,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151539,2435],{"class":68},[62,151541,73],{"class":72},[62,151543,149302],{"class":430},[62,151545,131],{"class":95},[62,151547,386],{"class":139},[62,151549,434],{"class":95},[62,151551,151552],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,151553,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,151555,151556,151558,151560,151562],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,151557,128],{"class":127},[62,151559,131],{"class":95},[62,151561,2470],{"class":139},[62,151563,434],{"class":95},[14,151565,2282],{},[53,151567,151568],{"className":55,"code":149515,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,151569,151570],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151571,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582,151584],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151573,131],{"class":95},[62,151575,499],{"class":99},[62,151577,103],{"class":95},[62,151579,284],{"class":99},[62,151581,103],{"class":95},[62,151583,508],{"class":99},[62,151585,434],{"class":95},[14,151587,151588,151589,409],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[262,151590,151592],{"href":151591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1256,151594,151596],{"id":151595},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151598,63486,151599,151601],{},[18,151600,38202],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[53,151603,151605],{"className":55,"code":151604,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151606,151607,151643,151657,151661],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151608,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151610,1879],{"class":68},[62,151612,73],{"class":72},[62,151614,256],{"class":95},[62,151616,259],{"class":76},[62,151618,329],{"class":80},[62,151620,259],{"class":76},[62,151622,267],{"class":95},[62,151624,77],{"class":76},[62,151626,1896],{"class":80},[62,151628,259],{"class":76},[62,151630,103],{"class":95},[62,151632,77],{"class":76},[62,151634,1073],{"class":80},[62,151636,259],{"class":76},[62,151638,267],{"class":95},[62,151640,9479],{"class":99},[62,151642,287],{"class":95},[62,151644,151645,151647,151649,151651,151653,151655],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151646,2435],{"class":68},[62,151648,73],{"class":72},[62,151650,149302],{"class":430},[62,151652,131],{"class":95},[62,151654,1925],{"class":139},[62,151656,434],{"class":95},[62,151658,151659],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,151660,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,151662,151663,151665,151667,151669],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,151664,128],{"class":127},[62,151666,131],{"class":95},[62,151668,2470],{"class":139},[62,151670,434],{"class":95},[14,151672,30191],{},[53,151674,151676],{"className":55,"code":151675,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,151677,151678],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151679,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151681,131],{"class":95},[62,151683,3503],{"class":76},[62,151685,329],{"class":80},[62,151687,3503],{"class":76},[62,151689,103],{"class":95},[62,151691,3498],{"class":76},[62,151693,1073],{"class":80},[62,151695,3503],{"class":76},[62,151697,434],{"class":95},[48,151699,151701],{"id":151700},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151703,151704],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151706,151707,151710],{},[18,151708,151709],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[53,151712,151714],{"className":55,"code":151713,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,151715,151716,151752,151756,151770],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151717,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151719,1879],{"class":68},[62,151721,73],{"class":72},[62,151723,256],{"class":95},[62,151725,259],{"class":76},[62,151727,329],{"class":80},[62,151729,259],{"class":76},[62,151731,267],{"class":95},[62,151733,77],{"class":76},[62,151735,1896],{"class":80},[62,151737,259],{"class":76},[62,151739,103],{"class":95},[62,151741,77],{"class":76},[62,151743,1073],{"class":80},[62,151745,259],{"class":76},[62,151747,267],{"class":95},[62,151749,9479],{"class":99},[62,151751,287],{"class":95},[62,151753,151754],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151755,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,151757,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,151759,128],{"class":127},[62,151761,131],{"class":95},[62,151763,49103],{"class":430},[62,151765,131],{"class":95},[62,151767,1925],{"class":139},[62,151769,1013],{"class":95},[62,151771,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,151773,128],{"class":127},[62,151775,131],{"class":95},[62,151777,49103],{"class":430},[62,151779,131],{"class":95},[62,151781,1925],{"class":139},[62,151783,409],{"class":95},[62,151785,161],{"class":139},[62,151787,6485],{"class":95},[14,151789,2282],{},[53,151791,151793],{"className":55,"code":151792,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151794,151795,151815],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151796,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151798,131],{"class":95},[62,151800,3503],{"class":76},[62,151802,329],{"class":80},[62,151804,3503],{"class":76},[62,151806,103],{"class":95},[62,151808,3498],{"class":76},[62,151810,1073],{"class":80},[62,151812,3503],{"class":76},[62,151814,434],{"class":95},[62,151816,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829,151831,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151818,524],{"class":95},[62,151820,3503],{"class":76},[62,151822,329],{"class":80},[62,151824,3503],{"class":76},[62,151826,103],{"class":95},[62,151828,3498],{"class":76},[62,151830,1896],{"class":80},[62,151832,3503],{"class":76},[62,151834,9408],{"class":95},[62,151836,854],{"class":95},[62,151838,3503],{"class":76},[62,151840,1073],{"class":80},[62,151842,3503],{"class":76},[62,151844,103],{"class":95},[62,151846,9479],{"class":99},[62,151848,1013],{"class":95},[14,151850,18858],{},[29,151852,151853,151858],{},[32,151854,151855,151857],{},[18,151856,151709],{}," for keys",[32,151859,151860,32719],{},[18,151861,151862],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151864,151865,151866,409],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[262,151867,63496],{"href":63495},[48,151869,151871],{"id":151870},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151873,151874,18482],{},[18,151875,38202],{},[29,151877,151878,151881,151884,151887],{},[32,151879,151880],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[32,151882,151883],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[32,151885,151886],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[32,151888,151889],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151891,201],{},[53,151893,151895],{"className":55,"code":151894,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,151896,151897,151916],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151898,151899,151902,151904,151906,151908,151910,151912,151914],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151900,151901],{"class":68},"coordinates ",[62,151903,73],{"class":72},[62,151905,149302],{"class":430},[62,151907,496],{"class":95},[62,151909,2708],{"class":99},[62,151911,103],{"class":95},[62,151913,309],{"class":99},[62,151915,4088],{"class":95},[62,151917,151918,151920,151922,151925],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,151919,128],{"class":127},[62,151921,131],{"class":95},[62,151923,151924],{"class":139},"coordinates",[62,151926,434],{"class":95},[14,151928,2282],{},[53,151930,151932],{"className":55,"code":151931,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(4, 7)\n",[18,151933,151934],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151935,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151937,131],{"class":95},[62,151939,2708],{"class":99},[62,151941,103],{"class":95},[62,151943,309],{"class":99},[62,151945,434],{"class":95},[14,151947,151948],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[29,151950,151951,151953,151956,151959],{},[32,151952,151924],{},[32,151954,151955],{},"RGB colors",[32,151957,151958],{},"dates",[32,151960,151961],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[48,151963,151965],{"id":151964},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151967,44580,151968,10772],{},[18,151969,38202],{},[29,151971,151972,151975,151978],{},[32,151973,151974],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[32,151976,151977],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[32,151979,151980],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151982,116427,151983,151985],{},[3946,151984,4830],{}," work:",[53,151987,151989],{"className":55,"code":151988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tuple(5)\n",[18,151990,151991],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,151992,151993,151995,151997,151999],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,151994,49103],{"class":430},[62,151996,131],{"class":95},[62,151998,299],{"class":99},[62,152000,434],{"class":95},[14,152002,152003],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152005,152006],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[48,152008,115265],{"id":115264},[14,152010,152011],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1256,152013,152015],{"id":152014},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152017,3040],{},[53,152019,152020],{"className":55,"code":151988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,152021,152022],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152023,152024,152026,152028,152030],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152025,49103],{"class":430},[62,152027,131],{"class":95},[62,152029,299],{"class":99},[62,152031,434],{"class":95},[14,152033,29842],{},[53,152035,152036],{"className":55,"code":63600,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,152037,152038],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152039,152040,152042,152044,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152041,1535],{"class":430},[62,152043,267],{"class":95},[62,152045,3498],{"class":76},[62,152047,2021],{"class":80},[62,152049,3503],{"class":76},[62,152051,24777],{"class":430},[62,152053,8279],{"class":72},[62,152055,1794],{"class":72},[62,152057,63623],{"class":68},[14,152059,152060,152061,409],{},"If you see this, read ",[262,152062,62237],{"href":2137},[1256,152064,152066],{"id":152065},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152068,152069],{},"This code:",[53,152071,152073],{"className":55,"code":152072,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,152074,152075],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152076,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152078,49103],{"class":430},[62,152080,131],{"class":95},[62,152082,259],{"class":76},[62,152084,81],{"class":80},[62,152086,259],{"class":76},[62,152088,434],{"class":95},[14,152090,152091],{},"returns:",[53,152093,152095],{"className":55,"code":152094,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,152096,152097],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152098,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135,152137,152139],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152100,131],{"class":95},[62,152102,3503],{"class":76},[62,152104,60384],{"class":80},[62,152106,3503],{"class":76},[62,152108,103],{"class":95},[62,152110,3498],{"class":76},[62,152112,60393],{"class":80},[62,152114,3503],{"class":76},[62,152116,103],{"class":95},[62,152118,3498],{"class":76},[62,152120,60402],{"class":80},[62,152122,3503],{"class":76},[62,152124,103],{"class":95},[62,152126,3498],{"class":76},[62,152128,60402],{"class":80},[62,152130,3503],{"class":76},[62,152132,103],{"class":95},[62,152134,3498],{"class":76},[62,152136,60419],{"class":80},[62,152138,3503],{"class":76},[62,152140,434],{"class":95},[14,152142,41059,152143,152145],{},[3946,152144,4830],{}," return:",[53,152147,152149],{"className":55,"code":152148,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('hello',)\n",[18,152150,152151],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152152,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152154,131],{"class":95},[62,152156,3503],{"class":76},[62,152158,81],{"class":80},[62,152160,3503],{"class":76},[62,152162,149292],{"class":95},[14,152164,152165],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[53,152167,152169],{"className":55,"code":152168,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,152170,152171,152188],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152172,152173,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152174,152175],{"class":68},"single ",[62,152177,73],{"class":72},[62,152179,854],{"class":95},[62,152181,259],{"class":76},[62,152183,81],{"class":80},[62,152185,259],{"class":76},[62,152187,149292],{"class":95},[62,152189,152190,152192,152194,152197],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,152191,128],{"class":127},[62,152193,131],{"class":95},[62,152195,152196],{"class":139},"single",[62,152198,434],{"class":95},[1256,152200,152202],{"id":152201},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152204,152069],{},[53,152206,152208],{"className":55,"code":152207,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,152209,152210,152242],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152211,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226,152228,152230,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152213,251],{"class":68},[62,152215,73],{"class":72},[62,152217,256],{"class":95},[62,152219,259],{"class":76},[62,152221,262],{"class":80},[62,152223,259],{"class":76},[62,152225,267],{"class":95},[62,152227,270],{"class":99},[62,152229,103],{"class":95},[62,152231,77],{"class":76},[62,152233,277],{"class":80},[62,152235,259],{"class":76},[62,152237,267],{"class":95},[62,152239,284],{"class":99},[62,152241,287],{"class":95},[62,152243,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,152245,128],{"class":127},[62,152247,131],{"class":95},[62,152249,49103],{"class":430},[62,152251,131],{"class":95},[62,152253,367],{"class":139},[62,152255,1013],{"class":95},[14,152257,152258],{},"returns only the keys:",[53,152260,152262],{"className":55,"code":152261,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,152263,152264],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152265,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152267,131],{"class":95},[62,152269,3503],{"class":76},[62,152271,262],{"class":80},[62,152273,3503],{"class":76},[62,152275,103],{"class":95},[62,152277,3498],{"class":76},[62,152279,277],{"class":80},[62,152281,3503],{"class":76},[62,152283,434],{"class":95},[14,152285,152286],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[53,152288,152290],{"className":55,"code":152289,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,152291,152292],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152293,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152295,128],{"class":127},[62,152297,131],{"class":95},[62,152299,49103],{"class":430},[62,152301,131],{"class":95},[62,152303,367],{"class":139},[62,152305,409],{"class":95},[62,152307,161],{"class":139},[62,152309,6485],{"class":95},[1256,152311,152313],{"id":152312},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152315,152316,152317,152319],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,152318,38202],{}," conversion.",[14,152321,5670],{},[53,152323,152325],{"className":55,"code":152324,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,152326,152327,152347],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152328,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152330,1613],{"class":68},[62,152332,73],{"class":72},[62,152334,854],{"class":95},[62,152336,499],{"class":99},[62,152338,103],{"class":95},[62,152340,284],{"class":99},[62,152342,103],{"class":95},[62,152344,508],{"class":99},[62,152346,434],{"class":95},[62,152348,152349,152351,152353,152355],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,152350,128],{"class":127},[62,152352,131],{"class":95},[62,152354,1632],{"class":139},[62,152356,434],{"class":95},[14,152358,152359],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152361,25666,152362,152364],{},[18,152363,38202],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[48,152366,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,152368,152370],{"id":152369},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152372,152373],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1256,152375,152377],{"id":152376},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152379,152380,152381,409],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,152382,7557],{},[1256,152384,152386],{"id":152385},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152388,152389],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1256,152391,152393],{"id":152392},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152395,152396],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1256,152398,152400],{"id":152399},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152402,152403,152404,409],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,152405,1535],{},[48,152407,2109],{"id":2108},[29,152409,152410,152414,152418,152422,152426,152430],{},[32,152411,152412],{},[262,152413,147936],{"href":147935},[32,152415,152416],{},[262,152417,150863],{"href":149239},[32,152419,152420],{},[262,152421,105000],{"href":60001},[32,152423,152424],{},[262,152425,151592],{"href":151591},[32,152427,152428],{},[262,152429,63496],{"href":63495},[32,152431,152432],{},[262,152433,62237],{"href":2137},[2145,152435,152436],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":152438},[152439,152440,152441,152442,152443,152450,152451,152452,152453,152459,152466],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":151066,"depth":87,"text":151067},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":149612,"depth":87,"text":149613},{"id":151235,"depth":87,"text":151236,"children":152444},[152445,152446,152447,152448,152449],{"id":151239,"depth":117,"text":151240},{"id":151327,"depth":117,"text":151328},{"id":151426,"depth":117,"text":151427},{"id":151506,"depth":117,"text":151507},{"id":151595,"depth":117,"text":151596},{"id":151700,"depth":87,"text":151701},{"id":151870,"depth":87,"text":151871},{"id":151964,"depth":87,"text":151965},{"id":115264,"depth":87,"text":115265,"children":152454},[152455,152456,152457,152458],{"id":152014,"depth":117,"text":152015},{"id":152065,"depth":117,"text":152066},{"id":152201,"depth":117,"text":152202},{"id":152312,"depth":117,"text":152313},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":152460},[152461,152462,152463,152464,152465],{"id":152369,"depth":117,"text":152370},{"id":152376,"depth":117,"text":152377},{"id":152385,"depth":117,"text":152386},{"id":152392,"depth":117,"text":152393},{"id":152399,"depth":117,"text":152400},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150921,"description":152467},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152474,"title":152475,"body":152476,"description":153889,"extension":2174,"meta":153890,"navigation":120,"path":153891,"seo":153892,"stem":153893,"__hash__":153894},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152477,"toc":153861},[152478,152483,152488,152491,152493,152572,152578,152583,152587,152602,152604,152651,152653,152661,152669,152675,152677,152682,152702,152705,152732,152734,152758,152760,152902,152904,152908,152916,152919,152921,152998,153000,153008,153012,153016,153026,153036,153038,153043,153045,153104,153109,153111,153211,153213,153227,153232,153238,153245,153248,153250,153360,153364,153381,153383,153446,153448,153456,153468,153472,153477,153505,153508,153590,153592,153603,153605,153609,153636,153638,153640,153720,153728,153730,153785,153787,153792,153795,153799,153803,153805,153809,153813,153821,153828,153831,153833,153858],[10,152479,147820,152481,11494],{"id":152480},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152482,58913],{},[14,152484,152485,152487],{},[18,152486,149141],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152489,152490],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[48,152492,51],{"id":50},[53,152494,152496],{"className":55,"code":152495,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152497,152498,152538,152560],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152499,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152501,788],{"class":68},[62,152503,73],{"class":72},[62,152505,854],{"class":95},[62,152507,259],{"class":76},[62,152509,797],{"class":80},[62,152511,259],{"class":76},[62,152513,103],{"class":95},[62,152515,77],{"class":76},[62,152517,815],{"class":80},[62,152519,259],{"class":76},[62,152521,103],{"class":95},[62,152523,77],{"class":76},[62,152525,806],{"class":80},[62,152527,259],{"class":76},[62,152529,103],{"class":95},[62,152531,77],{"class":76},[62,152533,815],{"class":80},[62,152535,259],{"class":76},[62,152537,434],{"class":95},[62,152539,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,152541,64866],{"class":68},[62,152543,73],{"class":72},[62,152545,13291],{"class":68},[62,152547,409],{"class":95},[62,152549,36008],{"class":139},[62,152551,131],{"class":95},[62,152553,259],{"class":76},[62,152555,815],{"class":80},[62,152557,259],{"class":76},[62,152559,434],{"class":95},[62,152561,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,152563,128],{"class":127},[62,152565,131],{"class":95},[62,152567,64893],{"class":139},[62,152569,741],{"class":95},[62,152571,27940],{"class":146},[14,152573,152574,152577],{},[18,152575,152576],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[48,152579,3879,152581,3882],{"id":152580},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152582,149141],{},[14,152584,2191,152585,11585],{},[18,152586,58913],{},[29,152588,152589,152592,152594,152597],{},[32,152590,152591],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[32,152593,128418],{},[32,152595,152596],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[32,152598,152599,152600],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152601,665],{},[14,152603,201],{},[53,152605,152607],{"className":55,"code":152606,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152608,152609,152633],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152610,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152612,225],{"class":68},[62,152614,73],{"class":72},[62,152616,854],{"class":95},[62,152618,100],{"class":99},[62,152620,103],{"class":95},[62,152622,106],{"class":99},[62,152624,103],{"class":95},[62,152626,111],{"class":99},[62,152628,103],{"class":95},[62,152630,106],{"class":99},[62,152632,434],{"class":95},[62,152634,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,152636,128],{"class":127},[62,152638,131],{"class":95},[62,152640,348],{"class":139},[62,152642,409],{"class":95},[62,152644,36008],{"class":139},[62,152646,131],{"class":95},[62,152648,15921],{"class":99},[62,152650,1013],{"class":95},[14,152652,2282],{},[53,152654,152655],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,152656,152657],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152658,152659],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152660,47069],{"class":99},[14,152662,21140,152663,152665,152666,152668],{},[18,152664,15921],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152667,58913],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152670,151087,152671,409],{},[262,152672,152674],{"href":152673},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[48,152676,413],{"id":412},[14,152678,2035,152679,152681],{},[18,152680,58913],{}," in two ways:",[53,152683,152685],{"className":55,"code":152684,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152686,152687],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152688,152689,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152690,152691],{"class":68},"tuple_name",[62,152693,409],{"class":95},[62,152695,36008],{"class":139},[62,152697,131],{"class":95},[62,152699,1632],{"class":139},[62,152701,434],{"class":95},[14,152703,152704],{},"or:",[53,152706,152708],{"className":55,"code":152707,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152709,152710],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152711,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152713,152691],{"class":68},[62,152715,409],{"class":95},[62,152717,36008],{"class":139},[62,152719,131],{"class":95},[62,152721,1632],{"class":139},[62,152723,103],{"class":95},[62,152725,36214],{"class":139},[62,152727,103],{"class":95},[62,152729,64987],{"class":139},[62,152731,434],{"class":95},[1256,152733,17560],{"id":17559},[29,152735,152736,152741,152746,152751],{},[32,152737,152738,152740],{},[18,152739,1632],{}," — the item to search for",[32,152742,152743,152745],{},[18,152744,36235],{}," — optional starting position",[32,152747,152748,152750],{},[18,152749,52604],{}," — optional ending position",[32,152752,152753,4982,152755,152757],{},[18,152754,52604],{},[3946,152756,65016],{}," in the search",[14,152759,201],{},[53,152761,152763],{"className":55,"code":152762,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152764,152765,152813,152817,152842,152870],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152766,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152768,36253],{"class":68},[62,152770,73],{"class":72},[62,152772,854],{"class":95},[62,152774,259],{"class":76},[62,152776,262],{"class":80},[62,152778,259],{"class":76},[62,152780,103],{"class":95},[62,152782,77],{"class":76},[62,152784,277],{"class":80},[62,152786,259],{"class":76},[62,152788,103],{"class":95},[62,152790,77],{"class":76},[62,152792,9912],{"class":80},[62,152794,259],{"class":76},[62,152796,103],{"class":95},[62,152798,77],{"class":76},[62,152800,277],{"class":80},[62,152802,259],{"class":76},[62,152804,103],{"class":95},[62,152806,77],{"class":76},[62,152808,18931],{"class":80},[62,152810,259],{"class":76},[62,152812,434],{"class":95},[62,152814,152815],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,152816,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,152818,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,152820,128],{"class":127},[62,152822,131],{"class":95},[62,152824,582],{"class":139},[62,152826,409],{"class":95},[62,152828,36008],{"class":139},[62,152830,131],{"class":95},[62,152832,259],{"class":76},[62,152834,277],{"class":80},[62,152836,259],{"class":76},[62,152838,143],{"class":95},[62,152840,152841],{"class":146},"        # 1\n",[62,152843,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,152845,128],{"class":127},[62,152847,131],{"class":95},[62,152849,582],{"class":139},[62,152851,409],{"class":95},[62,152853,36008],{"class":139},[62,152855,131],{"class":95},[62,152857,259],{"class":76},[62,152859,277],{"class":80},[62,152861,259],{"class":76},[62,152863,103],{"class":95},[62,152865,284],{"class":99},[62,152867,143],{"class":95},[62,152869,334],{"class":146},[62,152871,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,152873,128],{"class":127},[62,152875,131],{"class":95},[62,152877,582],{"class":139},[62,152879,409],{"class":95},[62,152881,36008],{"class":139},[62,152883,131],{"class":95},[62,152885,259],{"class":76},[62,152887,277],{"class":80},[62,152889,259],{"class":76},[62,152891,103],{"class":95},[62,152893,270],{"class":99},[62,152895,103],{"class":95},[62,152897,508],{"class":99},[62,152899,143],{"class":95},[62,152901,27940],{"class":146},[48,152903,103327],{"id":103326},[14,152905,152906,25669],{},[18,152907,149141],{},[29,152909,152910,152913],{},[32,152911,152912],{},"An integer",[32,152914,152915],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152917,152918],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152920,201],{},[53,152922,152924],{"className":55,"code":152923,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,152925,152926,152966,152988],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,152927,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,152929,108426],{"class":68},[62,152931,73],{"class":72},[62,152933,854],{"class":95},[62,152935,259],{"class":76},[62,152937,37209],{"class":80},[62,152939,259],{"class":76},[62,152941,103],{"class":95},[62,152943,77],{"class":76},[62,152945,58072],{"class":80},[62,152947,259],{"class":76},[62,152949,103],{"class":95},[62,152951,77],{"class":76},[62,152953,58089],{"class":80},[62,152955,259],{"class":76},[62,152957,103],{"class":95},[62,152959,77],{"class":76},[62,152961,58072],{"class":80},[62,152963,259],{"class":76},[62,152965,434],{"class":95},[62,152967,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,152969,2435],{"class":68},[62,152971,73],{"class":72},[62,152973,108469],{"class":68},[62,152975,409],{"class":95},[62,152977,36008],{"class":139},[62,152979,131],{"class":95},[62,152981,259],{"class":76},[62,152983,58072],{"class":80},[62,152985,259],{"class":76},[62,152987,434],{"class":95},[62,152989,152990,152992,152994,152996],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,152991,128],{"class":127},[62,152993,131],{"class":95},[62,152995,2470],{"class":139},[62,152997,434],{"class":95},[14,152999,2282],{},[53,153001,153002],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,153003,153004],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153005,153006],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153007,47069],{"class":99},[48,153009,153011],{"id":153010},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153013,169,153014,10772],{},[18,153015,149141],{},[29,153017,153018,153020,153023],{},[32,153019,66045],{},[32,153021,153022],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[32,153024,153025],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153027,153028,153029,153032,153033,409],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,153030,153031],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[262,153034,149609],{"href":153035},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[48,153037,65577],{"id":65576},[14,153039,153040,153041,409],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,153042,40857],{},[14,153044,201],{},[53,153046,153048],{"className":55,"code":153047,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,153049,153050,153082],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153051,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153053,788],{"class":68},[62,153055,73],{"class":72},[62,153057,854],{"class":95},[62,153059,259],{"class":76},[62,153061,797],{"class":80},[62,153063,259],{"class":76},[62,153065,103],{"class":95},[62,153067,77],{"class":76},[62,153069,815],{"class":80},[62,153071,259],{"class":76},[62,153073,103],{"class":95},[62,153075,77],{"class":76},[62,153077,806],{"class":80},[62,153079,259],{"class":76},[62,153081,434],{"class":95},[62,153083,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,153085,128],{"class":127},[62,153087,131],{"class":95},[62,153089,832],{"class":139},[62,153091,409],{"class":95},[62,153093,36008],{"class":139},[62,153095,131],{"class":95},[62,153097,259],{"class":76},[62,153099,22685],{"class":80},[62,153101,259],{"class":76},[62,153103,1013],{"class":95},[14,153105,39807,153106,153108],{},[18,153107,109751],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153110,65652],{},[53,153112,153114],{"className":55,"code":153113,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153115,153116,153148,153152,153168,153190,153196],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153117,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153119,788],{"class":68},[62,153121,73],{"class":72},[62,153123,854],{"class":95},[62,153125,259],{"class":76},[62,153127,797],{"class":80},[62,153129,259],{"class":76},[62,153131,103],{"class":95},[62,153133,77],{"class":76},[62,153135,815],{"class":80},[62,153137,259],{"class":76},[62,153139,103],{"class":95},[62,153141,77],{"class":76},[62,153143,806],{"class":80},[62,153145,259],{"class":76},[62,153147,434],{"class":95},[62,153149,153150],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,153151,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,153153,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,153155,730],{"class":729},[62,153157,77],{"class":76},[62,153159,22685],{"class":80},[62,153161,259],{"class":76},[62,153163,21336],{"class":72},[62,153165,13291],{"class":68},[62,153167,749],{"class":95},[62,153169,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,153171,754],{"class":127},[62,153173,131],{"class":95},[62,153175,832],{"class":139},[62,153177,409],{"class":95},[62,153179,36008],{"class":139},[62,153181,131],{"class":95},[62,153183,259],{"class":76},[62,153185,22685],{"class":80},[62,153187,259],{"class":76},[62,153189,1013],{"class":95},[62,153191,153192,153194],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,153193,1431],{"class":729},[62,153195,749],{"class":95},[62,153197,153198,153200,153202,153204,153207,153209],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,153199,754],{"class":127},[62,153201,131],{"class":95},[62,153203,259],{"class":76},[62,153205,153206],{"class":80},"Value not found",[62,153208,259],{"class":76},[62,153210,434],{"class":95},[14,153212,2282],{},[53,153214,153216],{"className":55,"code":153215,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Value not found\n",[18,153217,153218],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153219,153220,153223,153225],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153221,153222],{"class":68},"Value ",[62,153224,4830],{"class":72},[62,153226,65776],{"class":68},[14,153228,153229,153230,409],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[262,153231,65786],{"href":65785},[48,153233,1834,153234,1940,153236],{"id":65353},[18,153235,36235],{},[18,153237,52604],{},[14,153239,2191,153240,1940,153242,153244],{},[18,153241,36235],{},[18,153243,52604],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153246,153247],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153249,201],{},[53,153251,153253],{"className":55,"code":153252,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,153254,153255,153283,153287,153308,153332],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153256,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153258,292],{"class":68},[62,153260,73],{"class":72},[62,153262,854],{"class":95},[62,153264,299],{"class":99},[62,153266,103],{"class":95},[62,153268,6200],{"class":99},[62,153270,103],{"class":95},[62,153272,4804],{"class":99},[62,153274,103],{"class":95},[62,153276,106],{"class":99},[62,153278,103],{"class":95},[62,153280,4804],{"class":99},[62,153282,434],{"class":95},[62,153284,153285],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,153286,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,153288,153289,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,153290,128],{"class":127},[62,153292,131],{"class":95},[62,153294,386],{"class":139},[62,153296,409],{"class":95},[62,153298,36008],{"class":139},[62,153300,131],{"class":95},[62,153302,299],{"class":99},[62,153304,143],{"class":95},[62,153306,153307],{"class":146},"        # 0\n",[62,153309,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,153311,128],{"class":127},[62,153313,131],{"class":95},[62,153315,386],{"class":139},[62,153317,409],{"class":95},[62,153319,36008],{"class":139},[62,153321,131],{"class":95},[62,153323,299],{"class":99},[62,153325,103],{"class":95},[62,153327,270],{"class":99},[62,153329,143],{"class":95},[62,153331,372],{"class":146},[62,153333,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356,153358],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,153335,128],{"class":127},[62,153337,131],{"class":95},[62,153339,386],{"class":139},[62,153341,409],{"class":95},[62,153343,36008],{"class":139},[62,153345,131],{"class":95},[62,153347,299],{"class":99},[62,153349,103],{"class":95},[62,153351,508],{"class":99},[62,153353,103],{"class":95},[62,153355,4804],{"class":99},[62,153357,143],{"class":95},[62,153359,353],{"class":146},[1256,153361,153363],{"id":153362},"how-it-works","How it works",[29,153365,153366,153371,153376],{},[32,153367,153368,153370],{},[18,153369,36235],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[32,153372,153373,153375],{},[18,153374,52604],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[32,153377,2191,153378,153380],{},[18,153379,52604],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153382,201],{},[53,153384,153386],{"className":55,"code":153385,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153387,153388,153416,153420],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153389,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153391,292],{"class":68},[62,153393,73],{"class":72},[62,153395,854],{"class":95},[62,153397,299],{"class":99},[62,153399,103],{"class":95},[62,153401,6200],{"class":99},[62,153403,103],{"class":95},[62,153405,4804],{"class":99},[62,153407,103],{"class":95},[62,153409,106],{"class":99},[62,153411,103],{"class":95},[62,153413,4804],{"class":99},[62,153415,434],{"class":95},[62,153417,153418],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,153419,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,153421,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,153423,128],{"class":127},[62,153425,131],{"class":95},[62,153427,386],{"class":139},[62,153429,409],{"class":95},[62,153431,36008],{"class":139},[62,153433,131],{"class":95},[62,153435,299],{"class":99},[62,153437,103],{"class":95},[62,153439,270],{"class":99},[62,153441,103],{"class":95},[62,153443,2661],{"class":99},[62,153445,1013],{"class":95},[14,153447,2282],{},[53,153449,153450],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,153451,153452],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153453,153454],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153455,17223],{"class":99},[14,153457,153458,153459,399,153461,404,153463,153465,153466,409],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153460,499],{},[18,153462,1935],{},[18,153464,2273],{},", but not ",[18,153467,2708],{},[48,153469,153471],{"id":153470},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153473,153474,153475,267],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153476,149141],{},[29,153478,153479,153487,153492,153499],{},[32,153480,153481,153482,153484,153485],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3946,153483,1632],{}," with the ",[3946,153486,36008],{},[32,153488,153489,153490],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153491,665],{},[32,153493,169,153494,153498],{},[262,153495,149167,153496,10912],{"href":149219},[18,153497,57235],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[32,153500,153501,153502,153504],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153503,153031],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153506,153507],{},"Example of value vs index:",[53,153509,153511],{"className":55,"code":153510,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153512,153513,153545,153549,153573],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153514,153515,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153516,36400],{"class":68},[62,153518,73],{"class":72},[62,153520,854],{"class":95},[62,153522,259],{"class":76},[62,153524,901],{"class":80},[62,153526,259],{"class":76},[62,153528,103],{"class":95},[62,153530,77],{"class":76},[62,153532,910],{"class":80},[62,153534,259],{"class":76},[62,153536,103],{"class":95},[62,153538,77],{"class":76},[62,153540,33383],{"class":80},[62,153542,259],{"class":76},[62,153544,434],{"class":95},[62,153546,153547],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,153548,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,153550,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,153552,128],{"class":127},[62,153554,131],{"class":95},[62,153556,36452],{"class":139},[62,153558,409],{"class":95},[62,153560,36008],{"class":139},[62,153562,131],{"class":95},[62,153564,259],{"class":76},[62,153566,910],{"class":80},[62,153568,259],{"class":76},[62,153570,143],{"class":95},[62,153572,27940],{"class":146},[62,153574,153575,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,153576,128],{"class":127},[62,153578,131],{"class":95},[62,153580,36452],{"class":139},[62,153582,948],{"class":95},[62,153584,499],{"class":99},[62,153586,953],{"class":95},[62,153588,153589],{"class":146},"               # banana\n",[14,153591,2386],{},[29,153593,153594,153598],{},[32,153595,153596,15413],{},[18,153597,65221],{},[32,153599,153600,153602],{},[18,153601,499],{}," is the index",[48,153604,1824],{"id":1823},[14,153606,106065,153607,267],{},[18,153608,149141],{},[29,153610,153611,153614,153619,153624,153631],{},[32,153612,153613],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[32,153615,8631,153616,153618],{},[18,153617,58913],{}," to return all matching positions",[32,153620,153621,153622],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153623,665],{},[32,153625,153626,153627,1940,153629],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153628,36235],{},[18,153630,52604],{},[32,153632,37366,153633,153635],{},[18,153634,149141],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1256,153637,60656],{"id":60655},[14,153639,94327],{},[53,153641,153643],{"className":55,"code":153642,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153644,153645,153655,153669,153684,153702],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153646,153647,153649,153651,153653],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153648,128],{"class":127},[62,153650,131],{"class":95},[62,153652,147954],{"class":139},[62,153654,434],{"class":95},[62,153656,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,153658,128],{"class":127},[62,153660,131],{"class":95},[62,153662,134],{"class":127},[62,153664,131],{"class":95},[62,153666,147954],{"class":139},[62,153668,1013],{"class":95},[62,153670,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153682],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,153672,128],{"class":127},[62,153674,131],{"class":95},[62,153676,1613],{"class":139},[62,153678,4082],{"class":729},[62,153680,153681],{"class":139}," my_tuple",[62,153683,434],{"class":95},[62,153685,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,153687,128],{"class":127},[62,153689,131],{"class":95},[62,153691,147954],{"class":139},[62,153693,409],{"class":95},[62,153695,41411],{"class":139},[62,153697,131],{"class":95},[62,153699,1632],{"class":139},[62,153701,1013],{"class":95},[62,153703,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,153705,128],{"class":127},[62,153707,131],{"class":95},[62,153709,147954],{"class":139},[62,153711,409],{"class":95},[62,153713,36008],{"class":139},[62,153715,131],{"class":95},[62,153717,1632],{"class":139},[62,153719,1013],{"class":95},[14,153721,153722,153723,84344,153725,153727],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153724,40857],{},[18,153726,1632],{}," is missing.",[14,153729,129571],{},[53,153731,153733],{"className":55,"code":153732,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153734,153735,153747,153765,153771],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153736,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153738,730],{"class":729},[62,153740,1788],{"class":68},[62,153742,4082],{"class":72},[62,153744,153681],{"class":68},[62,153746,749],{"class":95},[62,153748,153749,153751,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,153750,754],{"class":127},[62,153752,131],{"class":95},[62,153754,147954],{"class":139},[62,153756,409],{"class":95},[62,153758,36008],{"class":139},[62,153760,131],{"class":95},[62,153762,1632],{"class":139},[62,153764,1013],{"class":95},[62,153766,153767,153769],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,153768,1431],{"class":729},[62,153770,749],{"class":95},[62,153772,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,153774,754],{"class":127},[62,153776,131],{"class":95},[62,153778,259],{"class":76},[62,153780,153206],{"class":80},[62,153782,259],{"class":76},[62,153784,434],{"class":95},[48,153786,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,153788,5340,153790,12887],{"id":153789},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153791,149141],{},[14,153793,153794],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1256,153796,153798],{"id":153797},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153800,153801,152668],{},[18,153802,149141],{},[1256,153804,149120],{"id":149119},[14,153806,76805,153807,409],{},[18,153808,40857],{},[1256,153810,153812],{"id":153811},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153814,153815,153816,1940,153818,153820],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153817,36235],{},[18,153819,52604],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1256,153822,15070,153824,57150,153826,632],{"id":153823},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153825,149141],{},[18,153827,64812],{},[14,153829,153830],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[48,153832,2109],{"id":2108},[29,153834,153835,153841,153845,153850,153854],{},[32,153836,153837],{},[262,153838,149167,153839,10912],{"href":149219},[18,153840,57235],{},[32,153842,153843],{},[262,153844,149609],{"href":153035},[32,153846,153847],{},[262,153848,153849],{"href":150915},"Creating a tuple in Python",[32,153851,153852],{},[262,153853,65786],{"href":65785},[32,153855,153856],{},[262,153857,150863],{"href":152673},[2145,153859,153860],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":153862},[153863,153864,153866,153869,153870,153871,153872,153875,153876,153879,153888],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":152580,"depth":87,"text":153865},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413,"children":153867},[153868],{"id":17559,"depth":117,"text":17560},{"id":103326,"depth":87,"text":103327},{"id":153010,"depth":87,"text":153011},{"id":65576,"depth":87,"text":65577},{"id":65353,"depth":87,"text":66136,"children":153873},[153874],{"id":153362,"depth":117,"text":153363},{"id":153470,"depth":87,"text":153471},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824,"children":153877},[153878],{"id":60655,"depth":117,"text":60656},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":153880},[153881,153883,153884,153885,153886],{"id":153789,"depth":117,"text":153882},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153797,"depth":117,"text":153798},{"id":149119,"depth":117,"text":149120},{"id":153811,"depth":117,"text":153812},{"id":153823,"depth":117,"text":153887},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152475,"description":153889},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153896,"title":153897,"body":153898,"description":155293,"extension":2174,"meta":155294,"navigation":120,"path":153035,"seo":155295,"stem":155296,"__hash__":155297},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153899,"toc":155275},[153900,153903,153906,153909,153923,153925,153928,154022,154032,154038,154042,154045,154048,154050,154068,154070,154141,154143,154160,154164,154168,154171,154188,154191,154206,154208,154299,154302,154306,154309,154326,154328,154423,154426,154429,154433,154436,154530,154532,154551,154554,154558,154561,154563,154618,154620,154655,154658,154672,154680,154773,154782,154786,154789,154796,154799,154846,154848,154856,154859,154910,154912,154929,154934,154938,154941,154944,154946,154997,155000,155055,155058,155061,155063,155066,155086,155088,155161,155164,155177,155179,155183,155188,155192,155197,155214,155218,155221,155238,155242,155245,155247,155272],[10,153901,153897],{"id":153902},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153904,153905],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153907,153908],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[29,153910,153911,153914,153917,153920],{},[32,153912,153913],{},"positive indexes",[32,153915,153916],{},"negative indexes",[32,153918,153919],{},"common indexing mistakes",[32,153921,153922],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[48,153924,3813],{"id":3812},[14,153926,153927],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[53,153929,153931],{"className":55,"code":153930,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,153932,153933,153965,153969,153986,154003],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,153934,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,153936,788],{"class":68},[62,153938,73],{"class":72},[62,153940,854],{"class":95},[62,153942,259],{"class":76},[62,153944,797],{"class":80},[62,153946,259],{"class":76},[62,153948,103],{"class":95},[62,153950,77],{"class":76},[62,153952,806],{"class":80},[62,153954,259],{"class":76},[62,153956,103],{"class":95},[62,153958,77],{"class":76},[62,153960,815],{"class":80},[62,153962,259],{"class":76},[62,153964,434],{"class":95},[62,153966,153967],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,153968,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,153970,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,153972,128],{"class":127},[62,153974,131],{"class":95},[62,153976,832],{"class":139},[62,153978,948],{"class":95},[62,153980,665],{"class":99},[62,153982,953],{"class":95},[62,153984,153985],{"class":146},"   # red\n",[62,153987,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,153989,128],{"class":127},[62,153991,131],{"class":95},[62,153993,832],{"class":139},[62,153995,948],{"class":95},[62,153997,499],{"class":99},[62,153999,953],{"class":95},[62,154001,154002],{"class":146},"   # green\n",[62,154004,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,154006,128],{"class":127},[62,154008,131],{"class":95},[62,154010,832],{"class":139},[62,154012,948],{"class":95},[62,154014,2233],{"class":72},[62,154016,499],{"class":99},[62,154018,953],{"class":95},[62,154020,154021],{"class":146},"  # blue\n",[29,154023,154024,154029],{},[32,154025,132360,154026,154028],{},[18,154027,665],{}," is the first item.",[32,154030,154031],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154033,154034,154035,409],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[262,154036,154037],{"href":147939},"how to create a tuple in Python",[48,154039,154041],{"id":154040},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154043,154044],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154046,154047],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154049,11631],{},[29,154051,154052,154055,154062,154065],{},[32,154053,154054],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[32,154056,154057,154058,19127,154060],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,154059,665],{},[18,154061,499],{},[32,154063,154064],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[32,154066,154067],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154069,201],{},[53,154071,154073],{"className":55,"code":154072,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,154074,154075,154095,154099,154113,154127],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154076,154077,154079,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154078,225],{"class":68},[62,154080,73],{"class":72},[62,154082,854],{"class":95},[62,154084,100],{"class":99},[62,154086,103],{"class":95},[62,154088,106],{"class":99},[62,154090,103],{"class":95},[62,154092,111],{"class":99},[62,154094,434],{"class":95},[62,154096,154097],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154098,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154100,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154102,128],{"class":127},[62,154104,131],{"class":95},[62,154106,348],{"class":139},[62,154108,948],{"class":95},[62,154110,665],{"class":99},[62,154112,4088],{"class":95},[62,154114,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,154116,128],{"class":127},[62,154118,131],{"class":95},[62,154120,348],{"class":139},[62,154122,948],{"class":95},[62,154124,499],{"class":99},[62,154126,4088],{"class":95},[62,154128,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,154130,128],{"class":127},[62,154132,131],{"class":95},[62,154134,348],{"class":139},[62,154136,948],{"class":95},[62,154138,1935],{"class":99},[62,154140,4088],{"class":95},[14,154142,2282],{},[53,154144,154146],{"className":55,"code":154145,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,154147,154148,154152,154156],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154149,154150],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154151,2581],{"class":99},[62,154153,154154],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154155,71171],{"class":99},[62,154157,154158],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154159,69787],{"class":99},[14,154161,59338,154162,409],{},[262,154163,147936],{"href":147935},[48,154165,154167],{"id":154166},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154169,154170],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[29,154172,154173,154178,154183],{},[32,154174,154175,154177],{},[18,154176,665],{}," = first item",[32,154179,154180,154182],{},[18,154181,499],{}," = second item",[32,154184,154185,154187],{},[18,154186,1935],{}," = third item",[14,154189,154190],{},"Pattern:",[53,154192,154194],{"className":55,"code":154193,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,154195,154196],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154197,154198,154200,154202,154204],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154199,152691],{"class":68},[62,154201,948],{"class":95},[62,154203,36008],{"class":68},[62,154205,114],{"class":95},[14,154207,201],{},[53,154209,154211],{"className":55,"code":154210,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,154212,154213,154245,154249,154266,154282],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154214,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154216,36400],{"class":68},[62,154218,73],{"class":72},[62,154220,854],{"class":95},[62,154222,259],{"class":76},[62,154224,901],{"class":80},[62,154226,259],{"class":76},[62,154228,103],{"class":95},[62,154230,77],{"class":76},[62,154232,910],{"class":80},[62,154234,259],{"class":76},[62,154236,103],{"class":95},[62,154238,77],{"class":76},[62,154240,4295],{"class":80},[62,154242,259],{"class":76},[62,154244,434],{"class":95},[62,154246,154247],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154248,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154250,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154252,128],{"class":127},[62,154254,131],{"class":95},[62,154256,36452],{"class":139},[62,154258,948],{"class":95},[62,154260,665],{"class":99},[62,154262,953],{"class":95},[62,154264,154265],{"class":146},"  # apple\n",[62,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,154269,128],{"class":127},[62,154271,131],{"class":95},[62,154273,36452],{"class":139},[62,154275,948],{"class":95},[62,154277,499],{"class":99},[62,154279,953],{"class":95},[62,154281,956],{"class":146},[62,154283,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294,154296],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,154285,128],{"class":127},[62,154287,131],{"class":95},[62,154289,36452],{"class":139},[62,154291,948],{"class":95},[62,154293,1935],{"class":99},[62,154295,953],{"class":95},[62,154297,154298],{"class":146},"  # cherry\n",[14,154300,154301],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[48,154303,154305],{"id":154304},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154307,154308],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[29,154310,154311,154316,154321],{},[32,154312,154313,154315],{},[18,154314,65801],{}," = last item",[32,154317,154318,154320],{},[18,154319,95357],{}," = second-to-last item",[32,154322,154323,154325],{},[18,154324,47823],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154327,201],{},[53,154329,154331],{"className":55,"code":154330,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,154332,154333,154365,154369,154387,154405],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154334,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154336,36400],{"class":68},[62,154338,73],{"class":72},[62,154340,854],{"class":95},[62,154342,259],{"class":76},[62,154344,901],{"class":80},[62,154346,259],{"class":76},[62,154348,103],{"class":95},[62,154350,77],{"class":76},[62,154352,910],{"class":80},[62,154354,259],{"class":76},[62,154356,103],{"class":95},[62,154358,77],{"class":76},[62,154360,4295],{"class":80},[62,154362,259],{"class":76},[62,154364,434],{"class":95},[62,154366,154367],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154368,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154370,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154372,128],{"class":127},[62,154374,131],{"class":95},[62,154376,36452],{"class":139},[62,154378,948],{"class":95},[62,154380,2233],{"class":72},[62,154382,499],{"class":99},[62,154384,953],{"class":95},[62,154386,154298],{"class":146},[62,154388,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,154390,128],{"class":127},[62,154392,131],{"class":95},[62,154394,36452],{"class":139},[62,154396,948],{"class":95},[62,154398,2233],{"class":72},[62,154400,1935],{"class":99},[62,154402,953],{"class":95},[62,154404,956],{"class":146},[62,154406,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,154408,128],{"class":127},[62,154410,131],{"class":95},[62,154412,36452],{"class":139},[62,154414,948],{"class":95},[62,154416,2233],{"class":72},[62,154418,2273],{"class":99},[62,154420,953],{"class":95},[62,154422,154265],{"class":146},[14,154424,154425],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154427,154428],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[48,154430,154432],{"id":154431},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154434,154435],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[53,154437,154439],{"className":55,"code":154438,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154440,154441,154473,154477,154494,154511],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154442,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154444,5194],{"class":68},[62,154446,73],{"class":72},[62,154448,854],{"class":95},[62,154450,259],{"class":76},[62,154452,1896],{"class":80},[62,154454,259],{"class":76},[62,154456,103],{"class":95},[62,154458,77],{"class":76},[62,154460,36103],{"class":80},[62,154462,259],{"class":76},[62,154464,103],{"class":95},[62,154466,77],{"class":76},[62,154468,36112],{"class":80},[62,154470,259],{"class":76},[62,154472,434],{"class":95},[62,154474,154475],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154476,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154478,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154480,128],{"class":127},[62,154482,131],{"class":95},[62,154484,5237],{"class":139},[62,154486,948],{"class":95},[62,154488,665],{"class":99},[62,154490,953],{"class":95},[62,154492,154493],{"class":146},"   # first item\n",[62,154495,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,154497,128],{"class":127},[62,154499,131],{"class":95},[62,154501,5237],{"class":139},[62,154503,948],{"class":95},[62,154505,499],{"class":99},[62,154507,953],{"class":95},[62,154509,154510],{"class":146},"   # middle item\n",[62,154512,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,154514,128],{"class":127},[62,154516,131],{"class":95},[62,154518,5237],{"class":139},[62,154520,948],{"class":95},[62,154522,2233],{"class":72},[62,154524,499],{"class":99},[62,154526,953],{"class":95},[62,154528,154529],{"class":146},"  # last item\n",[14,154531,2282],{},[53,154533,154535],{"className":55,"code":154534,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154536,154537,154541,154546],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154538,154539],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154540,50190],{"class":68},[62,154542,154543],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154544,154545],{"class":68},"Ben\n",[62,154547,154548],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154549,154550],{"class":68},"Cara\n",[14,154552,154553],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[48,154555,154557],{"id":154556},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154559,154560],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154562,201],{},[53,154564,154566],{"className":55,"code":154565,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154567,154568,154600,154604],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154569,154570,154572,154574,154576,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154571,36253],{"class":68},[62,154573,73],{"class":72},[62,154575,854],{"class":95},[62,154577,259],{"class":76},[62,154579,262],{"class":80},[62,154581,259],{"class":76},[62,154583,103],{"class":95},[62,154585,77],{"class":76},[62,154587,277],{"class":80},[62,154589,259],{"class":76},[62,154591,103],{"class":95},[62,154593,77],{"class":76},[62,154595,9912],{"class":80},[62,154597,259],{"class":76},[62,154599,434],{"class":95},[62,154601,154602],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154603,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154605,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154607,128],{"class":127},[62,154609,131],{"class":95},[62,154611,582],{"class":139},[62,154613,948],{"class":95},[62,154615,299],{"class":99},[62,154617,4088],{"class":95},[14,154619,2282],{},[53,154621,154623],{"className":55,"code":154622,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154624,154625,154637,154642],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154626,154627,154630,154632,154635],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154628,154629],{"class":139},"Traceback ",[62,154631,131],{"class":95},[62,154633,154634],{"class":139},"most recent call last",[62,154636,8521],{"class":95},[62,154638,154639],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154640,154641],{"class":34616},"  ...\n",[62,154643,154644,154646,154648,154650,154653],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154645,70678],{"class":430},[62,154647,267],{"class":95},[62,154649,149302],{"class":430},[62,154651,154652],{"class":68}," index out of ",[62,154654,70870],{"class":127},[14,154656,154657],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[29,154659,154660,154664,154668],{},[32,154661,154662],{},[18,154663,665],{},[32,154665,154666],{},[18,154667,499],{},[32,154669,154670],{},[18,154671,1935],{},[14,154673,154674,154675,409],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[262,154676,154677,154679],{"href":149174},[18,154678,20],{}," on a tuple",[53,154681,154683],{"className":55,"code":154682,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154684,154685,154717,154721,154737,154741,154759],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154686,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154688,36253],{"class":68},[62,154690,73],{"class":72},[62,154692,854],{"class":95},[62,154694,259],{"class":76},[62,154696,262],{"class":80},[62,154698,259],{"class":76},[62,154700,103],{"class":95},[62,154702,77],{"class":76},[62,154704,277],{"class":80},[62,154706,259],{"class":76},[62,154708,103],{"class":95},[62,154710,77],{"class":76},[62,154712,9912],{"class":80},[62,154714,259],{"class":76},[62,154716,434],{"class":95},[62,154718,154719],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154720,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154722,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154724,128],{"class":127},[62,154726,131],{"class":95},[62,154728,134],{"class":127},[62,154730,131],{"class":95},[62,154732,582],{"class":139},[62,154734,143],{"class":95},[62,154736,166],{"class":146},[62,154738,154739],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,154740,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154742,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,154744,730],{"class":729},[62,154746,733],{"class":127},[62,154748,131],{"class":95},[62,154750,582],{"class":139},[62,154752,741],{"class":95},[62,154754,933],{"class":72},[62,154756,284],{"class":99},[62,154758,749],{"class":95},[62,154760,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,154762,754],{"class":127},[62,154764,131],{"class":95},[62,154766,582],{"class":139},[62,154768,948],{"class":95},[62,154770,1935],{"class":99},[62,154772,4088],{"class":95},[14,154774,154775,154776,409],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[262,154777,25840,154779],{"href":154778},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154780,154781],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[48,154783,154785],{"id":154784},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154787,154788],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,154790,154791,154793],{},[32,154792,76822],{},[32,154794,154795],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154797,154798],{},"Indexing example:",[53,154800,154802],{"className":55,"code":154801,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154803,154804,154828,154832],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154805,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824,154826],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154807,225],{"class":68},[62,154809,73],{"class":72},[62,154811,854],{"class":95},[62,154813,100],{"class":99},[62,154815,103],{"class":95},[62,154817,106],{"class":99},[62,154819,103],{"class":95},[62,154821,111],{"class":99},[62,154823,103],{"class":95},[62,154825,244],{"class":99},[62,154827,434],{"class":95},[62,154829,154830],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154831,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154833,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154835,128],{"class":127},[62,154837,131],{"class":95},[62,154839,348],{"class":139},[62,154841,948],{"class":95},[62,154843,499],{"class":99},[62,154845,4088],{"class":95},[14,154847,2282],{},[53,154849,154850],{"className":55,"code":71171,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,154851,154852],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154853,154854],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154855,71171],{"class":99},[14,154857,154858],{},"Slicing example:",[53,154860,154862],{"className":55,"code":154861,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154863,154864,154888,154892],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154865,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154867,225],{"class":68},[62,154869,73],{"class":72},[62,154871,854],{"class":95},[62,154873,100],{"class":99},[62,154875,103],{"class":95},[62,154877,106],{"class":99},[62,154879,103],{"class":95},[62,154881,111],{"class":99},[62,154883,103],{"class":95},[62,154885,244],{"class":99},[62,154887,434],{"class":95},[62,154889,154890],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154891,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,154893,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,154895,128],{"class":127},[62,154897,131],{"class":95},[62,154899,348],{"class":139},[62,154901,948],{"class":95},[62,154903,499],{"class":99},[62,154905,267],{"class":95},[62,154907,2273],{"class":99},[62,154909,4088],{"class":95},[14,154911,2282],{},[53,154913,154915],{"className":55,"code":154914,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(20, 30)\n",[18,154916,154917],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154918,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154920,131],{"class":95},[62,154922,15921],{"class":99},[62,154924,103],{"class":95},[62,154926,111],{"class":99},[62,154928,434],{"class":95},[14,154930,154931,154932,409],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[262,154933,150853],{"href":150852},[48,154935,154937],{"id":154936},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154939,154940],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154942,154943],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154945,6879],{},[53,154947,154949],{"className":55,"code":154948,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,154950,154951,154983],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,154952,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967,154969,154971,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,154954,788],{"class":68},[62,154956,73],{"class":72},[62,154958,854],{"class":95},[62,154960,259],{"class":76},[62,154962,797],{"class":80},[62,154964,259],{"class":76},[62,154966,103],{"class":95},[62,154968,77],{"class":76},[62,154970,806],{"class":80},[62,154972,259],{"class":76},[62,154974,103],{"class":95},[62,154976,77],{"class":76},[62,154978,815],{"class":80},[62,154980,259],{"class":76},[62,154982,434],{"class":95},[62,154984,154985,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,154986,128],{"class":127},[62,154988,131],{"class":95},[62,154990,832],{"class":139},[62,154992,948],{"class":95},[62,154994,499],{"class":99},[62,154996,4088],{"class":95},[14,154998,154999],{},"But this does not work:",[53,155001,155003],{"className":55,"code":155002,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,155004,155005,155037],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155006,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155008,788],{"class":68},[62,155010,73],{"class":72},[62,155012,854],{"class":95},[62,155014,259],{"class":76},[62,155016,797],{"class":80},[62,155018,259],{"class":76},[62,155020,103],{"class":95},[62,155022,77],{"class":76},[62,155024,806],{"class":80},[62,155026,259],{"class":76},[62,155028,103],{"class":95},[62,155030,77],{"class":76},[62,155032,815],{"class":80},[62,155034,259],{"class":76},[62,155036,434],{"class":95},[62,155038,155039,155041,155043,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155040,832],{"class":68},[62,155042,948],{"class":95},[62,155044,499],{"class":99},[62,155046,13440],{"class":95},[62,155048,13443],{"class":72},[62,155050,77],{"class":76},[62,155052,22685],{"class":80},[62,155054,84],{"class":76},[14,155056,155057],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155059,155060],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[48,155062,1824],{"id":1823},[14,155064,155065],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[29,155067,155068,155074,155077,155080],{},[32,155069,132664,155070,11264,155072],{},[18,155071,499],{},[18,155073,665],{},[32,155075,155076],{},"Using an index that is too large",[32,155078,155079],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[32,155081,155082,155083],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,155084,155085],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155087,62241],{},[53,155089,155091],{"className":55,"code":155090,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,155092,155093,155103,155117,155131,155147],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155094,155095,155097,155099,155101],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155096,128],{"class":127},[62,155098,131],{"class":95},[62,155100,147954],{"class":139},[62,155102,434],{"class":95},[62,155104,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155106,128],{"class":127},[62,155108,131],{"class":95},[62,155110,134],{"class":127},[62,155112,131],{"class":95},[62,155114,147954],{"class":139},[62,155116,1013],{"class":95},[62,155118,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,155120,128],{"class":127},[62,155122,131],{"class":95},[62,155124,147954],{"class":139},[62,155126,948],{"class":95},[62,155128,665],{"class":99},[62,155130,4088],{"class":95},[62,155132,155133,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,155134,128],{"class":127},[62,155136,131],{"class":95},[62,155138,147954],{"class":139},[62,155140,948],{"class":95},[62,155142,2233],{"class":72},[62,155144,499],{"class":99},[62,155146,4088],{"class":95},[62,155148,155149,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,155150,128],{"class":127},[62,155152,131],{"class":95},[62,155154,1690],{"class":430},[62,155156,131],{"class":95},[62,155158,147954],{"class":139},[62,155160,1013],{"class":95},[14,155162,155163],{},"These can help you confirm:",[29,155165,155166,155169,155171,155174],{},[32,155167,155168],{},"what the tuple contains",[32,155170,60730],{},[32,155172,155173],{},"what the first and last items are",[32,155175,155176],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[48,155178,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,155180,155182],{"id":155181},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155184,155185,155186,409],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,155187,665],{},[1256,155189,155191],{"id":155190},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155193,169,155194,155196],{},[18,155195,65801],{}," as the index:",[53,155198,155200],{"className":55,"code":155199,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,155201,155202],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155203,155204,155206,155208,155210,155212],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155205,147954],{"class":68},[62,155207,948],{"class":95},[62,155209,2233],{"class":72},[62,155211,499],{"class":99},[62,155213,114],{"class":95},[1256,155215,155217],{"id":155216},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155219,155220],{},"Python raises:",[53,155222,155224],{"className":55,"code":155223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155225,155226],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155227,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155229,70678],{"class":430},[62,155231,267],{"class":95},[62,155233,149302],{"class":430},[62,155235,154652],{"class":68},[62,155237,70870],{"class":127},[1256,155239,155241],{"id":155240},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155243,155244],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[48,155246,2109],{"id":2108},[29,155248,155249,155254,155258,155262,155268],{},[32,155250,155251],{},[262,155252,155253],{"href":147939},"How to create a tuple in Python",[32,155255,155256],{},[262,155257,150853],{"href":150852},[32,155259,155260],{},[262,155261,150858],{"href":149174},[32,155263,155264],{},[262,155265,26283,155266],{"href":154778},[18,155267,154781],{},[32,155269,155270],{},[262,155271,147936],{"href":147935},[2145,155273,155274],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":155276},[155277,155278,155279,155280,155281,155282,155283,155284,155285,155286,155292],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":154040,"depth":87,"text":154041},{"id":154166,"depth":87,"text":154167},{"id":154304,"depth":87,"text":154305},{"id":154431,"depth":87,"text":154432},{"id":154556,"depth":87,"text":154557},{"id":154784,"depth":87,"text":154785},{"id":154936,"depth":87,"text":154937},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":155287},[155288,155289,155290,155291],{"id":155181,"depth":117,"text":155182},{"id":155190,"depth":117,"text":155191},{"id":155216,"depth":117,"text":155217},{"id":155240,"depth":117,"text":155241},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153897,"description":155293},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155299,"title":155300,"body":155301,"description":157190,"extension":2174,"meta":157191,"navigation":120,"path":157192,"seo":157193,"stem":157194,"__hash__":157195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155302,"toc":157147},[155303,155309,155314,155365,155369,155377,155383,155385,155401,155403,155406,155421,155423,155436,155438,155495,155499,155507,155514,155520,155526,155530,155581,155585,155593,155597,155626,155630,155638,155642,155675,155679,155687,155691,155694,155745,155749,155757,155759,155776,155780,155784,155843,155847,155855,155858,155885,155889,155897,155901,155907,155982,155986,156023,156031,156035,156098,156102,156110,156115,156119,156125,156168,156172,156180,156186,156189,156236,156240,156248,156257,156263,156318,156322,156330,156333,156337,156339,156370,156374,156393,156396,156441,156445,156468,156474,156479,156481,156528,156533,156536,156584,156588,156596,156600,156605,156609,156659,156663,156678,156682,156740,156744,156759,156763,156834,156838,156847,156851,156930,156934,156956,156964,156966,156969,156994,156996,157049,157051,157068,157070,157074,157080,157085,157090,157094,157099,157103,157108,157114,157117,157119,157144],[10,155304,155306,155307,741],{"id":155305},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,155308,134],{},[14,155310,169,155311,155313],{},[18,155312,20],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[53,155315,155317],{"className":55,"code":155316,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155318,155319,155351],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155320,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155322,788],{"class":68},[62,155324,73],{"class":72},[62,155326,854],{"class":95},[62,155328,259],{"class":76},[62,155330,797],{"class":80},[62,155332,259],{"class":76},[62,155334,103],{"class":95},[62,155336,77],{"class":76},[62,155338,806],{"class":80},[62,155340,259],{"class":76},[62,155342,103],{"class":95},[62,155344,77],{"class":76},[62,155346,815],{"class":80},[62,155348,259],{"class":76},[62,155350,434],{"class":95},[62,155352,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155354,128],{"class":127},[62,155356,131],{"class":95},[62,155358,134],{"class":127},[62,155360,131],{"class":95},[62,155362,832],{"class":139},[62,155364,1013],{"class":95},[14,155366,155367],{},[3946,155368,2282],{},[53,155370,155371],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,155372,155373],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155374,155375],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155376,46769],{"class":99},[14,155378,169,155379,155382],{},[18,155380,155381],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[48,155384,15330],{"id":15329},[29,155386,155387,155392,155396,155399],{},[32,155388,4397,155389,155391],{},[18,155390,20],{}," works with tuples",[32,155393,68205,155394,11876],{},[18,155395,20],{},[32,155397,155398],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[32,155400,4718],{},[48,155402,413],{"id":412},[14,155404,155405],{},"Use this pattern:",[53,155407,155409],{"className":55,"code":155408,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155410,155411],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155412,155413,155415,155417,155419],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155414,134],{"class":127},[62,155416,131],{"class":95},[62,155418,147954],{"class":139},[62,155420,434],{"class":95},[14,155422,11631],{},[29,155424,155425,155428,155431],{},[32,155426,155427],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[32,155429,155430],{},"The result is an integer",[32,155432,155433,155435],{},[18,155434,20],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155437,201],{},[53,155439,155441],{"className":55,"code":155440,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155442,155443,155467,155481,155485],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155444,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155446,225],{"class":68},[62,155448,73],{"class":72},[62,155450,854],{"class":95},[62,155452,100],{"class":99},[62,155454,103],{"class":95},[62,155456,106],{"class":99},[62,155458,103],{"class":95},[62,155460,111],{"class":99},[62,155462,103],{"class":95},[62,155464,244],{"class":99},[62,155466,434],{"class":95},[62,155468,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155470,41393],{"class":68},[62,155472,73],{"class":72},[62,155474,733],{"class":127},[62,155476,131],{"class":95},[62,155478,348],{"class":139},[62,155480,434],{"class":95},[62,155482,155483],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,155484,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,155486,155487,155489,155491,155493],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,155488,128],{"class":127},[62,155490,131],{"class":95},[62,155492,41411],{"class":139},[62,155494,434],{"class":95},[14,155496,155497],{},[3946,155498,2282],{},[53,155500,155501],{"className":55,"code":48802,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,155502,155503],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155504,155505],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155506,48802],{"class":99},[14,155508,155509,155510,409],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[262,155511,3779,155512,3712],{"href":42510},[18,155513,20],{},[48,155515,3879,155517,155519],{"id":155516},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155518,20],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155521,155522,155523,155525],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155524,20],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1256,155527,155529],{"id":155528},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[53,155531,155533],{"className":55,"code":155532,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155534,155535,155567],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155536,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155538,36400],{"class":68},[62,155540,73],{"class":72},[62,155542,854],{"class":95},[62,155544,259],{"class":76},[62,155546,901],{"class":80},[62,155548,259],{"class":76},[62,155550,103],{"class":95},[62,155552,77],{"class":76},[62,155554,910],{"class":80},[62,155556,259],{"class":76},[62,155558,103],{"class":95},[62,155560,77],{"class":76},[62,155562,33383],{"class":80},[62,155564,259],{"class":76},[62,155566,434],{"class":95},[62,155568,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155570,128],{"class":127},[62,155572,131],{"class":95},[62,155574,134],{"class":127},[62,155576,131],{"class":95},[62,155578,36452],{"class":139},[62,155580,1013],{"class":95},[14,155582,155583],{},[3946,155584,2282],{},[53,155586,155587],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,155588,155589],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155590,155591],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155592,46769],{"class":99},[1256,155594,155596],{"id":155595},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[53,155598,155600],{"className":55,"code":155599,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155601,155602,155611],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155603,155604,155607,155609],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155605,155606],{"class":68},"empty_tuple ",[62,155608,73],{"class":72},[62,155610,149278],{"class":95},[62,155612,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155624],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155614,128],{"class":127},[62,155616,131],{"class":95},[62,155618,134],{"class":127},[62,155620,131],{"class":95},[62,155622,155623],{"class":139},"empty_tuple",[62,155625,1013],{"class":95},[14,155627,155628],{},[3946,155629,2282],{},[53,155631,155632],{"className":55,"code":47404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,155633,155634],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155635,155636],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155637,47404],{"class":99},[1256,155639,155641],{"id":155640},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[53,155643,155645],{"className":55,"code":155644,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155646,155647,155660],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155648,155649,155652,155654,155656,155658],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155650,155651],{"class":68},"single_value ",[62,155653,73],{"class":72},[62,155655,854],{"class":95},[62,155657,299],{"class":99},[62,155659,149292],{"class":95},[62,155661,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670,155673],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155663,128],{"class":127},[62,155665,131],{"class":95},[62,155667,134],{"class":127},[62,155669,131],{"class":95},[62,155671,155672],{"class":139},"single_value",[62,155674,1013],{"class":95},[14,155676,155677],{},[3946,155678,2282],{},[53,155680,155681],{"className":55,"code":47069,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,155682,155683],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155684,155685],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155686,47069],{"class":99},[1256,155688,155690],{"id":155689},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155692,155693],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[53,155695,155697],{"className":55,"code":155696,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155698,155699,155731],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155700,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155702,251],{"class":68},[62,155704,73],{"class":72},[62,155706,854],{"class":95},[62,155708,499],{"class":99},[62,155710,103],{"class":95},[62,155712,854],{"class":95},[62,155714,1935],{"class":99},[62,155716,103],{"class":95},[62,155718,508],{"class":99},[62,155720,9408],{"class":95},[62,155722,96],{"class":95},[62,155724,2708],{"class":99},[62,155726,103],{"class":95},[62,155728,4804],{"class":99},[62,155730,4088],{"class":95},[62,155732,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155734,128],{"class":127},[62,155736,131],{"class":95},[62,155738,134],{"class":127},[62,155740,131],{"class":95},[62,155742,367],{"class":139},[62,155744,1013],{"class":95},[14,155746,155747],{},[3946,155748,2282],{},[53,155750,155751],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,155752,155753],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155754,155755],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155756,46769],{"class":99},[14,155758,20120],{},[29,155760,155761,155766,155771],{},[32,155762,155763,155765],{},[18,155764,499],{}," is one item",[32,155767,155768,155765],{},[18,155769,155770],{},"(2, 3)",[32,155772,155773,155765],{},[18,155774,155775],{},"[4, 5]",[48,155777,155779],{"id":155778},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1256,155781,155783],{"id":155782},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[53,155785,155787],{"className":55,"code":155786,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155788,155789,155829],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155790,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155792,788],{"class":68},[62,155794,73],{"class":72},[62,155796,854],{"class":95},[62,155798,259],{"class":76},[62,155800,797],{"class":80},[62,155802,259],{"class":76},[62,155804,103],{"class":95},[62,155806,77],{"class":76},[62,155808,806],{"class":80},[62,155810,259],{"class":76},[62,155812,103],{"class":95},[62,155814,77],{"class":76},[62,155816,815],{"class":80},[62,155818,259],{"class":76},[62,155820,103],{"class":95},[62,155822,77],{"class":76},[62,155824,22685],{"class":80},[62,155826,259],{"class":76},[62,155828,434],{"class":95},[62,155830,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155832,128],{"class":127},[62,155834,131],{"class":95},[62,155836,134],{"class":127},[62,155838,131],{"class":95},[62,155840,832],{"class":139},[62,155842,1013],{"class":95},[14,155844,155845],{},[3946,155846,2282],{},[53,155848,155849],{"className":55,"code":48802,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,155850,155851],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155852,155853],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155854,48802],{"class":99},[1256,155856,155596],{"id":155857},"empty-tuple-1",[53,155859,155861],{"className":55,"code":155860,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155862,155863,155871],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155864,155865,155867,155869],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155866,90],{"class":68},[62,155868,73],{"class":72},[62,155870,149278],{"class":95},[62,155872,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155874,128],{"class":127},[62,155876,131],{"class":95},[62,155878,134],{"class":127},[62,155880,131],{"class":95},[62,155882,161],{"class":139},[62,155884,1013],{"class":95},[14,155886,155887],{},[3946,155888,2282],{},[53,155890,155891],{"className":55,"code":47404,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,155892,155893],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155894,155895],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155896,47404],{"class":99},[1256,155898,155900],{"id":155899},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155902,155903,155904,155906],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3946,155905,4830],{}," always a tuple.",[53,155908,155910],{"className":55,"code":155909,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,155911,155912,155924,155936,155940,155954,155968],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155913,155914,155916,155918,155920,155922],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155915,2758],{"class":68},[62,155917,73],{"class":72},[62,155919,854],{"class":95},[62,155921,299],{"class":99},[62,155923,434],{"class":95},[62,155925,155926,155928,155930,155932,155934],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,155927,2786],{"class":68},[62,155929,73],{"class":72},[62,155931,854],{"class":95},[62,155933,299],{"class":99},[62,155935,149292],{"class":95},[62,155937,155938],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,155939,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,155941,155942,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,155943,128],{"class":127},[62,155945,131],{"class":95},[62,155947,1690],{"class":430},[62,155949,131],{"class":95},[62,155951,262],{"class":139},[62,155953,1013],{"class":95},[62,155955,155956,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,155957,128],{"class":127},[62,155959,131],{"class":95},[62,155961,1690],{"class":430},[62,155963,131],{"class":95},[62,155965,277],{"class":139},[62,155967,1013],{"class":95},[62,155969,155970,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,155971,128],{"class":127},[62,155973,131],{"class":95},[62,155975,134],{"class":127},[62,155977,131],{"class":95},[62,155979,277],{"class":139},[62,155981,1013],{"class":95},[14,155983,155984],{},[3946,155985,2282],{},[53,155987,155989],{"className":55,"code":155988,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,155990,155991,156005,156019],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,155992,155993,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,155994,3492],{"class":72},[62,155996,3495],{"class":2276},[62,155998,3498],{"class":76},[62,156000,2021],{"class":80},[62,156002,3503],{"class":76},[62,156004,3506],{"class":72},[62,156006,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156008,3492],{"class":72},[62,156010,3495],{"class":2276},[62,156012,3498],{"class":76},[62,156014,49103],{"class":80},[62,156016,3503],{"class":76},[62,156018,3506],{"class":72},[62,156020,156021],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156022,47069],{"class":99},[14,156024,156025,156026,1940,156029,409],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[262,156027,156028],{"href":147939},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[262,156030,149240],{"href":149239},[1256,156032,156034],{"id":156033},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[53,156036,156038],{"className":55,"code":156037,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,156039,156040,156084],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156041,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156043,59418],{"class":68},[62,156045,73],{"class":72},[62,156047,854],{"class":95},[62,156049,259],{"class":76},[62,156051,901],{"class":80},[62,156053,259],{"class":76},[62,156055,103],{"class":95},[62,156057,96],{"class":95},[62,156059,499],{"class":99},[62,156061,103],{"class":95},[62,156063,284],{"class":99},[62,156065,18225],{"class":95},[62,156067,854],{"class":95},[62,156069,259],{"class":76},[62,156071,552],{"class":80},[62,156073,259],{"class":76},[62,156075,103],{"class":95},[62,156077,77],{"class":76},[62,156079,11916],{"class":80},[62,156081,259],{"class":76},[62,156083,1013],{"class":95},[62,156085,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156087,128],{"class":127},[62,156089,131],{"class":95},[62,156091,134],{"class":127},[62,156093,131],{"class":95},[62,156095,59471],{"class":139},[62,156097,1013],{"class":95},[14,156099,156100],{},[3946,156101,2282],{},[53,156103,156104],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,156105,156106],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156107,156108],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156109,46769],{"class":99},[14,156111,156112,156114],{},[18,156113,20],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[48,156116,156118],{"id":156117},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1256,156120,156122,156124],{"id":156121},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,156123,20],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[53,156126,156128],{"className":55,"code":156127,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,156129,156130,156154],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156131,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156133,4270],{"class":68},[62,156135,73],{"class":72},[62,156137,854],{"class":95},[62,156139,259],{"class":76},[62,156141,63542],{"class":80},[62,156143,259],{"class":76},[62,156145,103],{"class":95},[62,156147,77],{"class":76},[62,156149,57],{"class":80},[62,156151,259],{"class":76},[62,156153,434],{"class":95},[62,156155,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156157,128],{"class":127},[62,156159,131],{"class":95},[62,156161,134],{"class":127},[62,156163,131],{"class":95},[62,156165,4312],{"class":139},[62,156167,1013],{"class":95},[14,156169,156170],{},[3946,156171,2282],{},[53,156173,156174],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,156175,156176],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156177,156178],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156179,17223],{"class":99},[14,156181,156182,156183,156185],{},"This result is ",[18,156184,1935],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156187,156188],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[53,156190,156192],{"className":55,"code":156191,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,156193,156194,156218],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156195,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156197,4270],{"class":68},[62,156199,73],{"class":72},[62,156201,854],{"class":95},[62,156203,259],{"class":76},[62,156205,63542],{"class":80},[62,156207,259],{"class":76},[62,156209,103],{"class":95},[62,156211,77],{"class":76},[62,156213,57],{"class":80},[62,156215,259],{"class":76},[62,156217,434],{"class":95},[62,156219,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156221,128],{"class":127},[62,156223,131],{"class":95},[62,156225,134],{"class":127},[62,156227,131],{"class":95},[62,156229,4312],{"class":139},[62,156231,948],{"class":95},[62,156233,665],{"class":99},[62,156235,3201],{"class":95},[14,156237,156238],{},[3946,156239,2282],{},[53,156241,156242],{"className":55,"code":17223,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,156243,156244],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156245,156246],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156247,17223],{"class":99},[14,156249,20933,156250,156253,156254,409],{},[18,156251,156252],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,156255,156256],{},"\"hi\"",[1256,156258,156260,156262],{"id":156259},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,156261,20],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[53,156264,156266],{"className":55,"code":156265,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,156267,156268,156304],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156269,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156271,292],{"class":68},[62,156273,73],{"class":72},[62,156275,10167],{"class":95},[62,156277,499],{"class":99},[62,156279,103],{"class":95},[62,156281,284],{"class":99},[62,156283,9408],{"class":95},[62,156285,854],{"class":95},[62,156287,2273],{"class":99},[62,156289,103],{"class":95},[62,156291,2661],{"class":99},[62,156293,9408],{"class":95},[62,156295,854],{"class":95},[62,156297,299],{"class":99},[62,156299,103],{"class":95},[62,156301,304],{"class":99},[62,156303,1013],{"class":95},[62,156305,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156307,128],{"class":127},[62,156309,131],{"class":95},[62,156311,134],{"class":127},[62,156313,131],{"class":95},[62,156315,386],{"class":139},[62,156317,1013],{"class":95},[14,156319,156320],{},[3946,156321,2282],{},[53,156323,156324],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,156325,156326],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156327,156328],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156329,46769],{"class":99},[14,156331,156332],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1256,156334,156336],{"id":156335},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156338,25851],{},[53,156340,156342],{"className":55,"code":156341,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,156343,156344,156356],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156345,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156347,1613],{"class":68},[62,156349,73],{"class":72},[62,156351,854],{"class":95},[62,156353,100],{"class":99},[62,156355,434],{"class":95},[62,156357,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156359,128],{"class":127},[62,156361,131],{"class":95},[62,156363,1690],{"class":430},[62,156365,131],{"class":95},[62,156367,1632],{"class":139},[62,156369,1013],{"class":95},[14,156371,156372],{},[3946,156373,2282],{},[53,156375,156377],{"className":55,"code":156376,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156378,156379],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156380,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156382,3492],{"class":72},[62,156384,3495],{"class":2276},[62,156386,3498],{"class":76},[62,156388,2021],{"class":80},[62,156390,3503],{"class":76},[62,156392,3506],{"class":72},[14,156394,156395],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[53,156397,156399],{"className":55,"code":156398,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156400,156401,156413,156427],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156402,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156404,1613],{"class":68},[62,156406,73],{"class":72},[62,156408,854],{"class":95},[62,156410,100],{"class":99},[62,156412,149292],{"class":95},[62,156414,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156416,128],{"class":127},[62,156418,131],{"class":95},[62,156420,1690],{"class":430},[62,156422,131],{"class":95},[62,156424,1632],{"class":139},[62,156426,1013],{"class":95},[62,156428,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156430,128],{"class":127},[62,156432,131],{"class":95},[62,156434,134],{"class":127},[62,156436,131],{"class":95},[62,156438,1632],{"class":139},[62,156440,1013],{"class":95},[14,156442,156443],{},[3946,156444,2282],{},[53,156446,156448],{"className":55,"code":156447,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156449,156450,156464],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156451,156452,156454,156456,156458,156460,156462],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156453,3492],{"class":72},[62,156455,3495],{"class":2276},[62,156457,3498],{"class":76},[62,156459,49103],{"class":80},[62,156461,3503],{"class":76},[62,156463,3506],{"class":72},[62,156465,156466],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156467,47069],{"class":99},[1256,156469,156471,156473],{"id":156470},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156472,134],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156475,44580,156476,156478],{},[18,156477,134],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156480,44611],{},[53,156482,156484],{"className":55,"code":156483,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156485,156486,156494,156514],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156487,156488,156490,156492],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156489,134],{"class":127},[62,156491,13443],{"class":72},[62,156493,2791],{"class":99},[62,156495,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508,156510,156512],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156497,225],{"class":68},[62,156499,73],{"class":72},[62,156501,854],{"class":95},[62,156503,499],{"class":99},[62,156505,103],{"class":95},[62,156507,284],{"class":99},[62,156509,103],{"class":95},[62,156511,508],{"class":99},[62,156513,434],{"class":95},[62,156515,156516,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156517,128],{"class":127},[62,156519,131],{"class":95},[62,156521,134],{"class":127},[62,156523,131],{"class":95},[62,156525,348],{"class":139},[62,156527,1013],{"class":95},[14,156529,39807,156530,156532],{},[18,156531,134],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156534,156535],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[53,156537,156539],{"className":55,"code":156538,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156540,156541,156550,156570],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156542,156543,156546,156548],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156544,156545],{"class":68},"length_value ",[62,156547,73],{"class":72},[62,156549,2791],{"class":99},[62,156551,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156553,225],{"class":68},[62,156555,73],{"class":72},[62,156557,854],{"class":95},[62,156559,499],{"class":99},[62,156561,103],{"class":95},[62,156563,284],{"class":99},[62,156565,103],{"class":95},[62,156567,508],{"class":99},[62,156569,434],{"class":95},[62,156571,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156573,128],{"class":127},[62,156575,131],{"class":95},[62,156577,134],{"class":127},[62,156579,131],{"class":95},[62,156581,348],{"class":139},[62,156583,1013],{"class":95},[14,156585,156586],{},[3946,156587,2282],{},[53,156589,156590],{"className":55,"code":46769,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,156591,156592],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156593,156594],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156595,46769],{"class":99},[48,156597,156599],{"id":156598},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156601,156602,156604],{},[18,156603,20],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1256,156606,156608],{"id":156607},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[53,156610,156612],{"className":55,"code":156611,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156613,156614,156622,156626,156644],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156615,156616,156618,156620],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156617,90],{"class":68},[62,156619,73],{"class":72},[62,156621,149278],{"class":95},[62,156623,156624],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156625,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,156627,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156629,730],{"class":729},[62,156631,733],{"class":127},[62,156633,131],{"class":95},[62,156635,161],{"class":139},[62,156637,741],{"class":95},[62,156639,1225],{"class":72},[62,156641,1228],{"class":99},[62,156643,749],{"class":95},[62,156645,156646,156648,156650,156652,156655,156657],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,156647,754],{"class":127},[62,156649,131],{"class":95},[62,156651,259],{"class":76},[62,156653,156654],{"class":80},"The tuple is empty",[62,156656,259],{"class":76},[62,156658,434],{"class":95},[14,156660,156661],{},[3946,156662,2282],{},[53,156664,156666],{"className":55,"code":156665,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156667,156668],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156669,156670,156672,156674,156676],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156671,2191],{"class":68},[62,156673,49103],{"class":430},[62,156675,8279],{"class":72},[62,156677,8284],{"class":68},[1256,156679,156681],{"id":156680},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[53,156683,156685],{"className":55,"code":156684,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156686,156687,156703,156707,156725],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156688,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156690,849],{"class":68},[62,156692,73],{"class":72},[62,156694,854],{"class":95},[62,156696,2708],{"class":99},[62,156698,103],{"class":95},[62,156700,309],{"class":99},[62,156702,434],{"class":95},[62,156704,156705],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156706,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,156708,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717,156719,156721,156723],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156710,730],{"class":729},[62,156712,733],{"class":127},[62,156714,131],{"class":95},[62,156716,875],{"class":139},[62,156718,741],{"class":95},[62,156720,1225],{"class":72},[62,156722,284],{"class":99},[62,156724,749],{"class":95},[62,156726,156727,156729,156731,156733,156736,156738],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,156728,754],{"class":127},[62,156730,131],{"class":95},[62,156732,259],{"class":76},[62,156734,156735],{"class":80},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[62,156737,259],{"class":76},[62,156739,434],{"class":95},[14,156741,156742],{},[3946,156743,2282],{},[53,156745,156747],{"className":55,"code":156746,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156748,156749],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156750,156751,156754,156756],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156752,156753],{"class":68},"This looks like an x",[62,156755,103],{"class":95},[62,156757,156758],{"class":68}," y coordinate\n",[1256,156760,156762],{"id":156761},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[53,156764,156766],{"className":55,"code":156765,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156767,156768,156797,156801,156819],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156769,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156793,156795],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156771,11661],{"class":68},[62,156773,73],{"class":72},[62,156775,854],{"class":95},[62,156777,259],{"class":76},[62,156779,1896],{"class":80},[62,156781,259],{"class":76},[62,156783,103],{"class":95},[62,156785,9479],{"class":99},[62,156787,103],{"class":95},[62,156789,77],{"class":76},[62,156791,156792],{"class":80},"Canada",[62,156794,259],{"class":76},[62,156796,434],{"class":95},[62,156798,156799],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156800,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,156802,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156804,730],{"class":729},[62,156806,733],{"class":127},[62,156808,131],{"class":95},[62,156810,11752],{"class":139},[62,156812,741],{"class":95},[62,156814,1225],{"class":72},[62,156816,508],{"class":99},[62,156818,749],{"class":95},[62,156820,156821,156823,156825,156827,156830,156832],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,156822,754],{"class":127},[62,156824,131],{"class":95},[62,156826,259],{"class":76},[62,156828,156829],{"class":80},"User record has the expected number of values",[62,156831,259],{"class":76},[62,156833,434],{"class":95},[14,156835,156836],{},[3946,156837,2282],{},[53,156839,156841],{"className":55,"code":156840,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156842,156843],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156844,156845],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156846,156840],{"class":68},[1256,156848,156850],{"id":156849},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[53,156852,156854],{"className":55,"code":156853,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156855,156856,156888,156892,156912],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156857,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876,156878,156880,156882,156884,156886],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156859,36253],{"class":68},[62,156861,73],{"class":72},[62,156863,854],{"class":95},[62,156865,259],{"class":76},[62,156867,262],{"class":80},[62,156869,259],{"class":76},[62,156871,103],{"class":95},[62,156873,77],{"class":76},[62,156875,277],{"class":80},[62,156877,259],{"class":76},[62,156879,103],{"class":95},[62,156881,77],{"class":76},[62,156883,9912],{"class":80},[62,156885,259],{"class":76},[62,156887,434],{"class":95},[62,156889,156890],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156891,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,156893,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156895,6154],{"class":729},[62,156897,69495],{"class":68},[62,156899,4082],{"class":729},[62,156901,54014],{"class":127},[62,156903,131],{"class":95},[62,156905,134],{"class":127},[62,156907,131],{"class":95},[62,156909,582],{"class":139},[62,156911,69510],{"class":95},[62,156913,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,156915,754],{"class":127},[62,156917,131],{"class":95},[62,156919,645],{"class":139},[62,156921,103],{"class":95},[62,156923,70043],{"class":139},[62,156925,948],{"class":95},[62,156927,645],{"class":139},[62,156929,4088],{"class":95},[14,156931,156932],{},[3946,156933,2282],{},[53,156935,156936],{"className":55,"code":36327,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,156937,156938,156944,156950],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,156939,156940,156942],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,156941,665],{"class":99},[62,156943,36336],{"class":68},[62,156945,156946,156948],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,156947,499],{"class":99},[62,156949,36343],{"class":68},[62,156951,156952,156954],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,156953,1935],{"class":99},[62,156955,36350],{"class":68},[14,156957,156958,156959,156961,156962,409],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[262,156960,149609],{"href":149608},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[262,156963,150853],{"href":150852},[48,156965,1824],{"id":1823},[14,156967,156968],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[29,156970,156971,156979,156986,156991],{},[32,156972,156973,156974,11264,156977],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,156975,156976],{},"(5)",[18,156978,149443],{},[32,156980,1834,156981,156983,156984],{},[18,156982,134],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,156985,20],{},[32,156987,8631,156988,156990],{},[18,156989,20],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[32,156992,156993],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156995,32244],{},[53,156997,156999],{"className":55,"code":156998,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,157000,157001,157011,157025,157039],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157002,157003,157005,157007,157009],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157004,128],{"class":127},[62,157006,131],{"class":95},[62,157008,147954],{"class":139},[62,157010,434],{"class":95},[62,157012,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157014,128],{"class":127},[62,157016,131],{"class":95},[62,157018,1690],{"class":430},[62,157020,131],{"class":95},[62,157022,147954],{"class":139},[62,157024,1013],{"class":95},[62,157026,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,157028,128],{"class":127},[62,157030,131],{"class":95},[62,157032,134],{"class":127},[62,157034,131],{"class":95},[62,157036,147954],{"class":139},[62,157038,1013],{"class":95},[62,157040,157041,157043,157045,157047],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,157042,32314],{"class":127},[62,157044,131],{"class":95},[62,157046,134],{"class":127},[62,157048,434],{"class":95},[14,157050,155163],{},[29,157052,157053,157056,157059,157063],{},[32,157054,157055],{},"what value you are using",[32,157057,157058],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[32,157060,26180,157061,11876],{},[18,157062,20],{},[32,157064,123327,157065,157067],{},[18,157066,20],{}," is documented in Python",[48,157069,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,157071,157073],{"id":157072},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157075,169,157076,157079],{},[18,157077,157078],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1256,157081,12875,157083,149113],{"id":157082},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,157084,20],{},[14,157086,46517,157087,157089],{},[18,157088,20],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1256,157091,157093],{"id":157092},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157095,157096,157097,409],{},"The length is ",[18,157098,665],{},[1256,157100,157102],{"id":157101},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157104,150799,157105,157107],{},[18,157106,150802],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1256,157109,12875,157111,157113],{"id":157110},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,157112,20],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157115,157116],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[48,157118,2109],{"id":2108},[29,157120,157121,157127,157131,157135,157139],{},[32,157122,157123],{},[262,157124,3779,157125,3712],{"href":42510},[18,157126,20],{},[32,157128,157129],{},[262,157130,156028],{"href":147939},[32,157132,157133],{},[262,157134,149609],{"href":149608},[32,157136,157137],{},[262,157138,150853],{"href":150852},[32,157140,157141],{},[262,157142,157143],{"href":149239},"What is a tuple in Python",[2145,157145,157146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":157148},[157149,157150,157151,157158,157164,157173,157179,157180,157189],{"id":15329,"depth":87,"text":15330},{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":155516,"depth":87,"text":157152,"children":157153},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157154,157155,157156,157157],{"id":155528,"depth":117,"text":155529},{"id":155595,"depth":117,"text":155596},{"id":155640,"depth":117,"text":155641},{"id":155689,"depth":117,"text":155690},{"id":155778,"depth":87,"text":155779,"children":157159},[157160,157161,157162,157163],{"id":155782,"depth":117,"text":155783},{"id":155857,"depth":117,"text":155596},{"id":155899,"depth":117,"text":155900},{"id":156033,"depth":117,"text":156034},{"id":156117,"depth":87,"text":156118,"children":157165},[157166,157168,157170,157171],{"id":156121,"depth":117,"text":157167},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156259,"depth":117,"text":157169},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156335,"depth":117,"text":156336},{"id":156470,"depth":117,"text":157172},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156598,"depth":87,"text":156599,"children":157174},[157175,157176,157177,157178],{"id":156607,"depth":117,"text":156608},{"id":156680,"depth":117,"text":156681},{"id":156761,"depth":117,"text":156762},{"id":156849,"depth":117,"text":156850},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":157181},[157182,157183,157185,157186,157187],{"id":157072,"depth":117,"text":157073},{"id":157082,"depth":117,"text":157184},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157092,"depth":117,"text":157093},{"id":157101,"depth":117,"text":157102},{"id":157110,"depth":117,"text":157188},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155300,"description":157190},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157197,"title":157198,"body":157199,"description":159584,"extension":2174,"meta":159585,"navigation":120,"path":159586,"seo":159587,"stem":159588,"__hash__":159589},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157200,"toc":159545},[157201,157204,157207,157210,157233,157239,157241,157352,157356,157359,157369,157371,157470,157472,157549,157555,157559,157562,157585,157588,157605,157608,157610,157673,157675,157692,157703,157708,157710,157713,157719,157770,157772,157792,157796,157847,157849,157870,157874,157929,157931,157952,157956,158011,158013,158034,158038,158091,158093,158122,158124,158126,158129,158133,158190,158192,158213,158217,158270,158272,158297,158302,158306,158311,158329,158332,158395,158397,158418,158421,158482,158484,158505,158508,158551,158554,158558,158563,158567,158646,158648,158679,158683,158758,158760,158787,158791,158838,158840,158848,158853,158857,158860,158875,158877,158965,158967,158992,158995,159038,159047,159049,159052,159067,159070,159074,159128,159130,159150,159155,159159,159161,159199,159202,159252,159256,159329,159331,159368,159371,159373,159376,159396,159399,159468,159470,159483,159485,159489,159492,159496,159499,159504,159507,159513,159518,159520,159542],[10,157202,157198],{"id":157203},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157205,157206],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157208,157209],{},"Use this format:",[53,157211,157213],{"className":55,"code":157212,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157214,157215],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157216,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157218,49103],{"class":68},[62,157220,948],{"class":95},[62,157222,36235],{"class":68},[62,157224,267],{"class":95},[62,157226,75373],{"class":68},[62,157228,267],{"class":95},[62,157230,75376],{"class":68},[62,157232,114],{"class":95},[14,157234,2191,157235,75409,157237,409],{},[18,157236,75373],{},[3946,157238,65016],{},[48,157240,51],{"id":50},[53,157242,157244],{"className":55,"code":157243,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157245,157246,157274,157278,157299,157316,157333],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157247,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157249,225],{"class":68},[62,157251,73],{"class":72},[62,157253,854],{"class":95},[62,157255,100],{"class":99},[62,157257,103],{"class":95},[62,157259,106],{"class":99},[62,157261,103],{"class":95},[62,157263,111],{"class":99},[62,157265,103],{"class":95},[62,157267,244],{"class":99},[62,157269,103],{"class":95},[62,157271,5278],{"class":99},[62,157273,434],{"class":95},[62,157275,157276],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157277,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,157279,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,157281,128],{"class":127},[62,157283,131],{"class":95},[62,157285,348],{"class":139},[62,157287,948],{"class":95},[62,157289,499],{"class":99},[62,157291,267],{"class":95},[62,157293,2708],{"class":99},[62,157295,953],{"class":95},[62,157297,157298],{"class":146},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[62,157300,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,157302,128],{"class":127},[62,157304,131],{"class":95},[62,157306,348],{"class":139},[62,157308,75482],{"class":95},[62,157310,2273],{"class":99},[62,157312,953],{"class":95},[62,157314,157315],{"class":146},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[62,157317,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,157319,128],{"class":127},[62,157321,131],{"class":95},[62,157323,348],{"class":139},[62,157325,74069],{"class":95},[62,157327,1935],{"class":99},[62,157329,953],{"class":95},[62,157331,157332],{"class":146},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[62,157334,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347,157349],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,157336,128],{"class":127},[62,157338,131],{"class":95},[62,157340,348],{"class":139},[62,157342,74069],{"class":95},[62,157344,2233],{"class":72},[62,157346,499],{"class":99},[62,157348,953],{"class":95},[62,157350,157351],{"class":146},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[48,157353,157355],{"id":157354},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157357,157358],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[29,157360,157361,157363,157366],{},[32,157362,75676],{},[32,157364,157365],{},"The result is a new tuple",[32,157367,157368],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157370,201],{},[53,157372,157374],{"className":55,"code":157373,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157375,157376,157424,157428,157446,157450,157460],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157377,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157379,36253],{"class":68},[62,157381,73],{"class":72},[62,157383,854],{"class":95},[62,157385,259],{"class":76},[62,157387,262],{"class":80},[62,157389,259],{"class":76},[62,157391,103],{"class":95},[62,157393,77],{"class":76},[62,157395,277],{"class":80},[62,157397,259],{"class":76},[62,157399,103],{"class":95},[62,157401,77],{"class":76},[62,157403,9912],{"class":80},[62,157405,259],{"class":76},[62,157407,103],{"class":95},[62,157409,77],{"class":76},[62,157411,18931],{"class":80},[62,157413,259],{"class":76},[62,157415,103],{"class":95},[62,157417,77],{"class":76},[62,157419,60393],{"class":80},[62,157421,259],{"class":76},[62,157423,434],{"class":95},[62,157425,157426],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157427,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,157429,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,157431,75606],{"class":68},[62,157433,73],{"class":72},[62,157435,70043],{"class":68},[62,157437,948],{"class":95},[62,157439,499],{"class":99},[62,157441,267],{"class":95},[62,157443,2708],{"class":99},[62,157445,114],{"class":95},[62,157447,157448],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,157449,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,157451,157452,157454,157456,157458],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,157453,128],{"class":127},[62,157455,131],{"class":95},[62,157457,75629],{"class":139},[62,157459,434],{"class":95},[62,157461,157462,157464,157466,157468],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,157463,128],{"class":127},[62,157465,131],{"class":95},[62,157467,582],{"class":139},[62,157469,434],{"class":95},[14,157471,2282],{},[53,157473,157475],{"className":55,"code":157474,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157476,157477,157505],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157478,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157480,131],{"class":95},[62,157482,3503],{"class":76},[62,157484,277],{"class":80},[62,157486,3503],{"class":76},[62,157488,103],{"class":95},[62,157490,3498],{"class":76},[62,157492,9912],{"class":80},[62,157494,3503],{"class":76},[62,157496,103],{"class":95},[62,157498,3498],{"class":76},[62,157500,18931],{"class":80},[62,157502,3503],{"class":76},[62,157504,434],{"class":95},[62,157506,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157508,131],{"class":95},[62,157510,3503],{"class":76},[62,157512,262],{"class":80},[62,157514,3503],{"class":76},[62,157516,103],{"class":95},[62,157518,3498],{"class":76},[62,157520,277],{"class":80},[62,157522,3503],{"class":76},[62,157524,103],{"class":95},[62,157526,3498],{"class":76},[62,157528,9912],{"class":80},[62,157530,3503],{"class":76},[62,157532,103],{"class":95},[62,157534,3498],{"class":76},[62,157536,18931],{"class":80},[62,157538,3503],{"class":76},[62,157540,103],{"class":95},[62,157542,3498],{"class":76},[62,157544,60393],{"class":80},[62,157546,3503],{"class":76},[62,157548,434],{"class":95},[14,157550,157551,157552,409],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[262,157553,147936],{"href":157554},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[48,157556,157558],{"id":157557},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157560,157561],{},"The full syntax is:",[53,157563,157565],{"className":55,"code":157564,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157566,157567],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157568,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157570,147954],{"class":68},[62,157572,948],{"class":95},[62,157574,36235],{"class":68},[62,157576,267],{"class":95},[62,157578,75373],{"class":68},[62,157580,267],{"class":95},[62,157582,75376],{"class":68},[62,157584,114],{"class":95},[14,157586,157587],{},"Each part has a job:",[29,157589,157590,157595,157600],{},[32,157591,157592,157594],{},[18,157593,36235],{},": where slicing begins",[32,157596,157597,157599],{},[18,157598,75373],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[32,157601,157602,157604],{},[18,157603,75376],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157606,157607],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157609,201],{},[53,157611,157613],{"className":55,"code":157612,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157614,157615,157647,157651],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157616,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157618,225],{"class":68},[62,157620,73],{"class":72},[62,157622,854],{"class":95},[62,157624,100],{"class":99},[62,157626,103],{"class":95},[62,157628,106],{"class":99},[62,157630,103],{"class":95},[62,157632,111],{"class":99},[62,157634,103],{"class":95},[62,157636,244],{"class":99},[62,157638,103],{"class":95},[62,157640,5278],{"class":99},[62,157642,103],{"class":95},[62,157644,76047],{"class":99},[62,157646,434],{"class":95},[62,157648,157649],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157650,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,157652,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,157654,128],{"class":127},[62,157656,131],{"class":95},[62,157658,348],{"class":139},[62,157660,948],{"class":95},[62,157662,499],{"class":99},[62,157664,267],{"class":95},[62,157666,299],{"class":99},[62,157668,267],{"class":95},[62,157670,1935],{"class":99},[62,157672,4088],{"class":95},[14,157674,2282],{},[53,157676,157678],{"className":55,"code":157677,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157679,157680],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157681,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157683,131],{"class":95},[62,157685,15921],{"class":99},[62,157687,103],{"class":95},[62,157689,244],{"class":99},[62,157691,434],{"class":95},[14,157693,157694,157695,157697,157698,157700,157701,409],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157696,499],{},", stops before index ",[18,157699,299],{},", and moves by ",[18,157702,1935],{},[14,157704,157705,157706,409],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[262,157707,149609],{"href":153035},[48,157709,75963],{"id":75962},[14,157711,157712],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1256,157714,157716,157717,6162],{"id":157715},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157718,75977],{},[53,157720,157722],{"className":55,"code":157721,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157723,157724,157752,157756],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157725,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157727,225],{"class":68},[62,157729,73],{"class":72},[62,157731,854],{"class":95},[62,157733,100],{"class":99},[62,157735,103],{"class":95},[62,157737,106],{"class":99},[62,157739,103],{"class":95},[62,157741,111],{"class":99},[62,157743,103],{"class":95},[62,157745,244],{"class":99},[62,157747,103],{"class":95},[62,157749,5278],{"class":99},[62,157751,434],{"class":95},[62,157753,157754],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157755,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,157757,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,157759,128],{"class":127},[62,157761,131],{"class":95},[62,157763,348],{"class":139},[62,157765,75482],{"class":95},[62,157767,2273],{"class":99},[62,157769,4088],{"class":95},[14,157771,2282],{},[53,157773,157774],{"className":55,"code":151301,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,157775,157776],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157777,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157779,131],{"class":95},[62,157781,100],{"class":99},[62,157783,103],{"class":95},[62,157785,106],{"class":99},[62,157787,103],{"class":95},[62,157789,111],{"class":99},[62,157791,434],{"class":95},[1256,157793,157795],{"id":157794},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[53,157797,157799],{"className":55,"code":157798,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157800,157801,157829,157833],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157802,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157804,225],{"class":68},[62,157806,73],{"class":72},[62,157808,854],{"class":95},[62,157810,100],{"class":99},[62,157812,103],{"class":95},[62,157814,106],{"class":99},[62,157816,103],{"class":95},[62,157818,111],{"class":99},[62,157820,103],{"class":95},[62,157822,244],{"class":99},[62,157824,103],{"class":95},[62,157826,5278],{"class":99},[62,157828,434],{"class":95},[62,157830,157831],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157832,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,157834,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,157836,128],{"class":127},[62,157838,131],{"class":95},[62,157840,348],{"class":139},[62,157842,948],{"class":95},[62,157844,1935],{"class":99},[62,157846,77663],{"class":95},[14,157848,2282],{},[53,157850,157852],{"className":55,"code":157851,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157853,157854],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157855,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157857,131],{"class":95},[62,157859,37003],{"class":99},[62,157861,103],{"class":95},[62,157863,244],{"class":99},[62,157865,103],{"class":95},[62,157867,5278],{"class":99},[62,157869,434],{"class":95},[1256,157871,157873],{"id":157872},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[53,157875,157877],{"className":55,"code":157876,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,157878,157879,157907,157911],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157880,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157882,225],{"class":68},[62,157884,73],{"class":72},[62,157886,854],{"class":95},[62,157888,100],{"class":99},[62,157890,103],{"class":95},[62,157892,106],{"class":99},[62,157894,103],{"class":95},[62,157896,111],{"class":99},[62,157898,103],{"class":95},[62,157900,244],{"class":99},[62,157902,103],{"class":95},[62,157904,5278],{"class":99},[62,157906,434],{"class":95},[62,157908,157909],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157910,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,157912,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,157914,128],{"class":127},[62,157916,131],{"class":95},[62,157918,348],{"class":139},[62,157920,948],{"class":95},[62,157922,499],{"class":99},[62,157924,267],{"class":95},[62,157926,2708],{"class":99},[62,157928,4088],{"class":95},[14,157930,2282],{},[53,157932,157934],{"className":55,"code":157933,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157935,157936],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157937,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157939,131],{"class":95},[62,157941,15921],{"class":99},[62,157943,103],{"class":95},[62,157945,111],{"class":99},[62,157947,103],{"class":95},[62,157949,244],{"class":99},[62,157951,434],{"class":95},[1256,157953,157955],{"id":157954},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[53,157957,157959],{"className":55,"code":157958,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,157960,157961,157993,157997],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,157962,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,157964,225],{"class":68},[62,157966,73],{"class":72},[62,157968,854],{"class":95},[62,157970,100],{"class":99},[62,157972,103],{"class":95},[62,157974,106],{"class":99},[62,157976,103],{"class":95},[62,157978,111],{"class":99},[62,157980,103],{"class":95},[62,157982,244],{"class":99},[62,157984,103],{"class":95},[62,157986,5278],{"class":99},[62,157988,103],{"class":95},[62,157990,76047],{"class":99},[62,157992,434],{"class":95},[62,157994,157995],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,157996,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,157998,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158000,128],{"class":127},[62,158002,131],{"class":95},[62,158004,348],{"class":139},[62,158006,74069],{"class":95},[62,158008,1935],{"class":99},[62,158010,4088],{"class":95},[14,158012,2282],{},[53,158014,158016],{"className":55,"code":158015,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,158017,158018],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158019,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158021,131],{"class":95},[62,158023,100],{"class":99},[62,158025,103],{"class":95},[62,158027,111],{"class":99},[62,158029,103],{"class":95},[62,158031,5278],{"class":99},[62,158033,434],{"class":95},[1256,158035,158037],{"id":158036},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[53,158039,158041],{"className":55,"code":158040,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,158042,158043,158071,158075],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158044,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158046,225],{"class":68},[62,158048,73],{"class":72},[62,158050,854],{"class":95},[62,158052,100],{"class":99},[62,158054,103],{"class":95},[62,158056,106],{"class":99},[62,158058,103],{"class":95},[62,158060,111],{"class":99},[62,158062,103],{"class":95},[62,158064,244],{"class":99},[62,158066,103],{"class":95},[62,158068,5278],{"class":99},[62,158070,434],{"class":95},[62,158072,158073],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158074,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158076,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158078,128],{"class":127},[62,158080,131],{"class":95},[62,158082,348],{"class":139},[62,158084,74069],{"class":95},[62,158086,2233],{"class":72},[62,158088,499],{"class":99},[62,158090,4088],{"class":95},[14,158092,2282],{},[53,158094,158096],{"className":55,"code":158095,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,158097,158098],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158099,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158101,131],{"class":95},[62,158103,76741],{"class":99},[62,158105,103],{"class":95},[62,158107,244],{"class":99},[62,158109,103],{"class":95},[62,158111,111],{"class":99},[62,158113,103],{"class":95},[62,158115,106],{"class":99},[62,158117,103],{"class":95},[62,158119,6200],{"class":99},[62,158121,434],{"class":95},[48,158123,76257],{"id":76256},[14,158125,154308],{},[14,158127,158128],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1256,158130,158132],{"id":158131},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[53,158134,158136],{"className":55,"code":158135,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,158137,158138,158170,158174],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158139,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158141,225],{"class":68},[62,158143,73],{"class":72},[62,158145,854],{"class":95},[62,158147,100],{"class":99},[62,158149,103],{"class":95},[62,158151,106],{"class":99},[62,158153,103],{"class":95},[62,158155,111],{"class":99},[62,158157,103],{"class":95},[62,158159,244],{"class":99},[62,158161,103],{"class":95},[62,158163,5278],{"class":99},[62,158165,103],{"class":95},[62,158167,76047],{"class":99},[62,158169,434],{"class":95},[62,158171,158172],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158173,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158175,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158177,128],{"class":127},[62,158179,131],{"class":95},[62,158181,348],{"class":139},[62,158183,948],{"class":95},[62,158185,2233],{"class":72},[62,158187,2273],{"class":99},[62,158189,77663],{"class":95},[14,158191,2282],{},[53,158193,158195],{"className":55,"code":158194,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,158196,158197],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158198,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158200,131],{"class":95},[62,158202,56637],{"class":99},[62,158204,103],{"class":95},[62,158206,5278],{"class":99},[62,158208,103],{"class":95},[62,158210,76047],{"class":99},[62,158212,434],{"class":95},[1256,158214,158216],{"id":158215},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[53,158218,158220],{"className":55,"code":158219,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,158221,158222,158250,158254],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158223,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158225,225],{"class":68},[62,158227,73],{"class":72},[62,158229,854],{"class":95},[62,158231,100],{"class":99},[62,158233,103],{"class":95},[62,158235,106],{"class":99},[62,158237,103],{"class":95},[62,158239,111],{"class":99},[62,158241,103],{"class":95},[62,158243,244],{"class":99},[62,158245,103],{"class":95},[62,158247,5278],{"class":99},[62,158249,434],{"class":95},[62,158251,158252],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158253,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158255,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158257,128],{"class":127},[62,158259,131],{"class":95},[62,158261,348],{"class":139},[62,158263,75482],{"class":95},[62,158265,2233],{"class":72},[62,158267,499],{"class":99},[62,158269,4088],{"class":95},[14,158271,2282],{},[53,158273,158275],{"className":55,"code":158274,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158276,158277],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158278,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158280,131],{"class":95},[62,158282,100],{"class":99},[62,158284,103],{"class":95},[62,158286,106],{"class":99},[62,158288,103],{"class":95},[62,158290,111],{"class":99},[62,158292,103],{"class":95},[62,158294,244],{"class":99},[62,158296,434],{"class":95},[14,158298,158299,158300,409],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[262,158301,150858],{"href":157192},[48,158303,158305],{"id":158304},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158307,2191,158308,158310],{},[18,158309,75376],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[29,158312,158313,158315,158317,158323],{},[32,158314,76513],{},[32,158316,76516],{},[32,158318,158319,158322],{},[18,158320,158321],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[32,158324,158325,158326,158328],{},"A step of ",[18,158327,665],{}," is not allowed",[14,158330,158331],{},"Example with a positive step:",[53,158333,158335],{"className":55,"code":158334,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,158336,158337,158369,158373],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158338,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365,158367],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158340,225],{"class":68},[62,158342,73],{"class":72},[62,158344,854],{"class":95},[62,158346,100],{"class":99},[62,158348,103],{"class":95},[62,158350,106],{"class":99},[62,158352,103],{"class":95},[62,158354,111],{"class":99},[62,158356,103],{"class":95},[62,158358,244],{"class":99},[62,158360,103],{"class":95},[62,158362,5278],{"class":99},[62,158364,103],{"class":95},[62,158366,76047],{"class":99},[62,158368,434],{"class":95},[62,158370,158371],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158372,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158374,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158376,128],{"class":127},[62,158378,131],{"class":95},[62,158380,348],{"class":139},[62,158382,948],{"class":95},[62,158384,499],{"class":99},[62,158386,267],{"class":95},[62,158388,80541],{"class":99},[62,158390,267],{"class":95},[62,158392,1935],{"class":99},[62,158394,4088],{"class":95},[14,158396,2282],{},[53,158398,158400],{"className":55,"code":158399,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158401,158402],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158403,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158405,131],{"class":95},[62,158407,15921],{"class":99},[62,158409,103],{"class":95},[62,158411,244],{"class":99},[62,158413,103],{"class":95},[62,158415,76047],{"class":99},[62,158417,434],{"class":95},[14,158419,158420],{},"Example with a negative step:",[53,158422,158424],{"className":55,"code":158423,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158425,158426,158454,158458],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158427,158428,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158429,225],{"class":68},[62,158431,73],{"class":72},[62,158433,854],{"class":95},[62,158435,100],{"class":99},[62,158437,103],{"class":95},[62,158439,106],{"class":99},[62,158441,103],{"class":95},[62,158443,111],{"class":99},[62,158445,103],{"class":95},[62,158447,244],{"class":99},[62,158449,103],{"class":95},[62,158451,5278],{"class":99},[62,158453,434],{"class":95},[62,158455,158456],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158457,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158459,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158461,128],{"class":127},[62,158463,131],{"class":95},[62,158465,348],{"class":139},[62,158467,948],{"class":95},[62,158469,2708],{"class":99},[62,158471,267],{"class":95},[62,158473,499],{"class":99},[62,158475,267],{"class":95},[62,158477,2233],{"class":72},[62,158479,499],{"class":99},[62,158481,4088],{"class":95},[14,158483,2282],{},[53,158485,158487],{"className":55,"code":158486,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158488,158489],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158490,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158492,131],{"class":95},[62,158494,76741],{"class":99},[62,158496,103],{"class":95},[62,158498,244],{"class":99},[62,158500,103],{"class":95},[62,158502,111],{"class":99},[62,158504,434],{"class":95},[14,158506,158507],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[53,158509,158511],{"className":55,"code":158510,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158512,158513,158533,158537],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158514,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158516,225],{"class":68},[62,158518,73],{"class":72},[62,158520,854],{"class":95},[62,158522,100],{"class":99},[62,158524,103],{"class":95},[62,158526,106],{"class":99},[62,158528,103],{"class":95},[62,158530,111],{"class":99},[62,158532,434],{"class":95},[62,158534,158535],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158536,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158538,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547,158549],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158540,128],{"class":127},[62,158542,131],{"class":95},[62,158544,348],{"class":139},[62,158546,74069],{"class":95},[62,158548,665],{"class":99},[62,158550,4088],{"class":95},[14,158552,158553],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[48,158555,158557],{"id":158556},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158559,158560,158561,33904],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3946,158562,49103],{},[1256,158564,158566],{"id":158565},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[53,158568,158570],{"className":55,"code":158569,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158571,158572,158596,158600,158618,158622,158632],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158573,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158575,225],{"class":68},[62,158577,73],{"class":72},[62,158579,854],{"class":95},[62,158581,100],{"class":99},[62,158583,103],{"class":95},[62,158585,106],{"class":99},[62,158587,103],{"class":95},[62,158589,111],{"class":99},[62,158591,103],{"class":95},[62,158593,244],{"class":99},[62,158595,434],{"class":95},[62,158597,158598],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158599,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158601,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158603,2435],{"class":68},[62,158605,73],{"class":72},[62,158607,4462],{"class":68},[62,158609,948],{"class":95},[62,158611,499],{"class":99},[62,158613,267],{"class":95},[62,158615,2273],{"class":99},[62,158617,114],{"class":95},[62,158619,158620],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,158621,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158623,158624,158626,158628,158630],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,158625,128],{"class":127},[62,158627,131],{"class":95},[62,158629,2470],{"class":139},[62,158631,434],{"class":95},[62,158633,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,158635,128],{"class":127},[62,158637,131],{"class":95},[62,158639,1690],{"class":430},[62,158641,131],{"class":95},[62,158643,2470],{"class":139},[62,158645,1013],{"class":95},[14,158647,2282],{},[53,158649,158651],{"className":55,"code":158650,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158652,158653,158665],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158654,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158656,131],{"class":95},[62,158658,15921],{"class":99},[62,158660,103],{"class":95},[62,158662,111],{"class":99},[62,158664,434],{"class":95},[62,158666,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675,158677],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158668,3492],{"class":72},[62,158670,3495],{"class":2276},[62,158672,3498],{"class":76},[62,158674,49103],{"class":80},[62,158676,3503],{"class":76},[62,158678,3506],{"class":72},[1256,158680,158682],{"id":158681},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[53,158684,158686],{"className":55,"code":158685,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158687,158688,158708,158712,158730,158734,158744],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158689,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158691,225],{"class":68},[62,158693,73],{"class":72},[62,158695,854],{"class":95},[62,158697,100],{"class":99},[62,158699,103],{"class":95},[62,158701,106],{"class":99},[62,158703,103],{"class":95},[62,158705,111],{"class":99},[62,158707,434],{"class":95},[62,158709,158710],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158711,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158713,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158715,2435],{"class":68},[62,158717,73],{"class":72},[62,158719,4462],{"class":68},[62,158721,948],{"class":95},[62,158723,499],{"class":99},[62,158725,267],{"class":95},[62,158727,1935],{"class":99},[62,158729,114],{"class":95},[62,158731,158732],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,158733,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158735,158736,158738,158740,158742],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,158737,128],{"class":127},[62,158739,131],{"class":95},[62,158741,2470],{"class":139},[62,158743,434],{"class":95},[62,158745,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,158747,128],{"class":127},[62,158749,131],{"class":95},[62,158751,1690],{"class":430},[62,158753,131],{"class":95},[62,158755,2470],{"class":139},[62,158757,1013],{"class":95},[14,158759,2282],{},[53,158761,158763],{"className":55,"code":158762,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158764,158765,158773],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158766,158767,158769,158771],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158768,131],{"class":95},[62,158770,15921],{"class":99},[62,158772,149292],{"class":95},[62,158774,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158776,3492],{"class":72},[62,158778,3495],{"class":2276},[62,158780,3498],{"class":76},[62,158782,49103],{"class":80},[62,158784,3503],{"class":76},[62,158786,3506],{"class":72},[1256,158788,158790],{"id":158789},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[53,158792,158794],{"className":55,"code":158793,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158795,158796,158816,158820],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158797,158798,158800,158802,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158799,225],{"class":68},[62,158801,73],{"class":72},[62,158803,854],{"class":95},[62,158805,100],{"class":99},[62,158807,103],{"class":95},[62,158809,106],{"class":99},[62,158811,103],{"class":95},[62,158813,111],{"class":99},[62,158815,434],{"class":95},[62,158817,158818],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158819,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158821,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158823,128],{"class":127},[62,158825,131],{"class":95},[62,158827,348],{"class":139},[62,158829,948],{"class":95},[62,158831,299],{"class":99},[62,158833,267],{"class":95},[62,158835,2550],{"class":99},[62,158837,4088],{"class":95},[14,158839,2282],{},[53,158841,158842],{"className":55,"code":8822,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,158843,158844],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158845,158846],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158847,8822],{"class":95},[14,158849,158850,158851,409],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[262,158852,156028],{"href":150915},[48,158854,158856],{"id":158855},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158858,158859],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,158861,158862,158864,158867,158872],{},[32,158863,76822],{},[32,158865,158866],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[32,158868,158869,158870],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158871,70678],{},[32,158873,158874],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158876,201],{},[53,158878,158880],{"className":55,"code":158879,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,158881,158882,158902,158906,158923,158944],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158883,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158885,225],{"class":68},[62,158887,73],{"class":72},[62,158889,854],{"class":95},[62,158891,100],{"class":99},[62,158893,103],{"class":95},[62,158895,106],{"class":99},[62,158897,103],{"class":95},[62,158899,111],{"class":99},[62,158901,434],{"class":95},[62,158903,158904],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158905,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,158907,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158909,128],{"class":127},[62,158911,131],{"class":95},[62,158913,348],{"class":139},[62,158915,948],{"class":95},[62,158917,499],{"class":99},[62,158919,953],{"class":95},[62,158921,158922],{"class":146},"    # one item\n",[62,158924,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,158926,128],{"class":127},[62,158928,131],{"class":95},[62,158930,348],{"class":139},[62,158932,948],{"class":95},[62,158934,499],{"class":99},[62,158936,267],{"class":95},[62,158938,299],{"class":99},[62,158940,953],{"class":95},[62,158942,158943],{"class":146},"  # slice\n",[62,158945,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,158947,128],{"class":127},[62,158949,131],{"class":95},[62,158951,348],{"class":139},[62,158953,948],{"class":95},[62,158955,299],{"class":99},[62,158957,267],{"class":95},[62,158959,2550],{"class":99},[62,158961,953],{"class":95},[62,158963,158964],{"class":146},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158966,2282],{},[53,158968,158970],{"className":55,"code":158969,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,158971,158972,158976,158988],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,158973,158974],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,158975,71171],{"class":99},[62,158977,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,158979,131],{"class":95},[62,158981,15921],{"class":99},[62,158983,103],{"class":95},[62,158985,111],{"class":99},[62,158987,434],{"class":95},[62,158989,158990],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,158991,8822],{"class":95},[14,158993,158994],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[53,158996,158998],{"className":55,"code":158997,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,158999,159000,159020,159024],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159001,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159003,225],{"class":68},[62,159005,73],{"class":72},[62,159007,854],{"class":95},[62,159009,100],{"class":99},[62,159011,103],{"class":95},[62,159013,106],{"class":99},[62,159015,103],{"class":95},[62,159017,111],{"class":99},[62,159019,434],{"class":95},[62,159021,159022],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159023,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,159025,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,159027,128],{"class":127},[62,159029,131],{"class":95},[62,159031,348],{"class":139},[62,159033,948],{"class":95},[62,159035,299],{"class":99},[62,159037,4088],{"class":95},[14,159039,159040,159041,159043,159044,409],{},"This raises an ",[18,159042,70678],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[262,159045,154781],{"href":159046},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[48,159048,15344],{"id":77089},[14,159050,159051],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[29,159053,159054,159057,159059,159062],{},[32,159055,159056],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[32,159058,60638],{},[32,159060,159061],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[32,159063,159064,159065],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,159066,665],{},[14,159068,159069],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1256,159071,159073],{"id":159072},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[53,159075,159076],{"className":55,"code":157876,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,159077,159078,159106,159110],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159079,159080,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159081,225],{"class":68},[62,159083,73],{"class":72},[62,159085,854],{"class":95},[62,159087,100],{"class":99},[62,159089,103],{"class":95},[62,159091,106],{"class":99},[62,159093,103],{"class":95},[62,159095,111],{"class":99},[62,159097,103],{"class":95},[62,159099,244],{"class":99},[62,159101,103],{"class":95},[62,159103,5278],{"class":99},[62,159105,434],{"class":95},[62,159107,159108],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159109,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,159111,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,159113,128],{"class":127},[62,159115,131],{"class":95},[62,159117,348],{"class":139},[62,159119,948],{"class":95},[62,159121,499],{"class":99},[62,159123,267],{"class":95},[62,159125,2708],{"class":99},[62,159127,4088],{"class":95},[14,159129,2282],{},[53,159131,159132],{"className":55,"code":157933,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,159133,159134],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159135,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159137,131],{"class":95},[62,159139,15921],{"class":99},[62,159141,103],{"class":95},[62,159143,111],{"class":99},[62,159145,103],{"class":95},[62,159147,244],{"class":99},[62,159149,434],{"class":95},[14,159151,132360,159152,159154],{},[18,159153,2708],{}," is not included.",[1256,159156,159158],{"id":159157},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159160,4725],{},[53,159162,159164],{"className":55,"code":159163,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,159165,159166,159190,159194],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159167,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159169,225],{"class":68},[62,159171,73],{"class":72},[62,159173,854],{"class":95},[62,159175,100],{"class":99},[62,159177,103],{"class":95},[62,159179,106],{"class":99},[62,159181,103],{"class":95},[62,159183,111],{"class":99},[62,159185,103],{"class":95},[62,159187,244],{"class":99},[62,159189,434],{"class":95},[62,159191,159192],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159193,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,159195,159196],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,159197,159198],{"class":146},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159200,159201],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[53,159203,159204],{"className":55,"code":154861,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,159205,159206,159230,159234],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159207,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159209,225],{"class":68},[62,159211,73],{"class":72},[62,159213,854],{"class":95},[62,159215,100],{"class":99},[62,159217,103],{"class":95},[62,159219,106],{"class":99},[62,159221,103],{"class":95},[62,159223,111],{"class":99},[62,159225,103],{"class":95},[62,159227,244],{"class":99},[62,159229,434],{"class":95},[62,159231,159232],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159233,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,159235,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,159237,128],{"class":127},[62,159239,131],{"class":95},[62,159241,348],{"class":139},[62,159243,948],{"class":95},[62,159245,499],{"class":99},[62,159247,267],{"class":95},[62,159249,2273],{"class":99},[62,159251,4088],{"class":95},[1256,159253,159255],{"id":159254},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[53,159257,159259],{"className":55,"code":159258,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,159260,159261,159285,159289,159304,159308,159319],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159262,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279,159281,159283],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159264,225],{"class":68},[62,159266,73],{"class":72},[62,159268,854],{"class":95},[62,159270,100],{"class":99},[62,159272,103],{"class":95},[62,159274,106],{"class":99},[62,159276,103],{"class":95},[62,159278,111],{"class":99},[62,159280,103],{"class":95},[62,159282,244],{"class":99},[62,159284,434],{"class":95},[62,159286,159287],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159288,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,159290,159291,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,159292,159293],{"class":68},"slice_result ",[62,159295,73],{"class":72},[62,159297,4462],{"class":68},[62,159299,75482],{"class":95},[62,159301,1935],{"class":99},[62,159303,114],{"class":95},[62,159305,159306],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,159307,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,159309,159310,159312,159314,159317],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,159311,128],{"class":127},[62,159313,131],{"class":95},[62,159315,159316],{"class":139},"slice_result",[62,159318,434],{"class":95},[62,159320,159321,159323,159325,159327],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,159322,128],{"class":127},[62,159324,131],{"class":95},[62,159326,348],{"class":139},[62,159328,434],{"class":95},[14,159330,2282],{},[53,159332,159334],{"className":55,"code":159333,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,159335,159336,159348],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159337,159338,159340,159342,159344,159346],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159339,131],{"class":95},[62,159341,100],{"class":99},[62,159343,103],{"class":95},[62,159345,106],{"class":99},[62,159347,434],{"class":95},[62,159349,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360,159362,159364,159366],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159351,131],{"class":95},[62,159353,100],{"class":99},[62,159355,103],{"class":95},[62,159357,106],{"class":99},[62,159359,103],{"class":95},[62,159361,111],{"class":99},[62,159363,103],{"class":95},[62,159365,244],{"class":99},[62,159367,434],{"class":95},[14,159369,159370],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[48,159372,113674],{"id":113673},[14,159374,159375],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[29,159377,159378,159381,159384,159390,159393],{},[32,159379,159380],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[32,159382,159383],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[32,159385,159386,159387],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159388,159389],{},"tuple[::0]",[32,159391,159392],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[32,159394,159395],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159397,159398],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[53,159400,159402],{"className":55,"code":159401,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159403,159404,159414,159432,159454],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159405,159406,159408,159410,159412],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159407,128],{"class":127},[62,159409,131],{"class":95},[62,159411,147954],{"class":139},[62,159413,434],{"class":95},[62,159415,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159417,128],{"class":127},[62,159419,131],{"class":95},[62,159421,147954],{"class":139},[62,159423,948],{"class":95},[62,159425,499],{"class":99},[62,159427,267],{"class":95},[62,159429,2708],{"class":99},[62,159431,4088],{"class":95},[62,159433,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,159435,128],{"class":127},[62,159437,131],{"class":95},[62,159439,1690],{"class":430},[62,159441,131],{"class":95},[62,159443,147954],{"class":139},[62,159445,948],{"class":95},[62,159447,499],{"class":99},[62,159449,267],{"class":95},[62,159451,2708],{"class":99},[62,159453,3201],{"class":95},[62,159455,159456,159458,159460,159462,159464,159466],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,159457,128],{"class":127},[62,159459,131],{"class":95},[62,159461,134],{"class":127},[62,159463,131],{"class":95},[62,159465,147954],{"class":139},[62,159467,1013],{"class":95},[14,159469,11342],{},[29,159471,159472,159474,159477,159480],{},[32,159473,155168],{},[32,159475,159476],{},"what the slice actually returns",[32,159478,159479],{},"that the result is a tuple",[32,159481,159482],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[48,159484,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,159486,159488],{"id":159487},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159490,159491],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1256,159493,159495],{"id":159494},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159497,159498],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1256,159500,5340,159502,40114],{"id":159501},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159503,158321],{},[14,159505,159506],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1256,159508,159510,159511,632],{"id":159509},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159512,70678],{},[14,159514,159515,159516,409],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159517,70678],{},[48,159519,2109],{"id":2108},[29,159521,159522,159526,159530,159534,159538],{},[32,159523,159524],{},[262,159525,156028],{"href":150915},[32,159527,159528],{},[262,159529,149609],{"href":153035},[32,159531,159532],{},[262,159533,150858],{"href":157192},[32,159535,159536],{},[262,159537,147936],{"href":157554},[32,159539,159540],{},[262,159541,154781],{"href":159046},[2145,159543,159544],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":159546},[159547,159548,159549,159550,159558,159562,159563,159568,159569,159574,159575,159583],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":157354,"depth":87,"text":157355},{"id":157557,"depth":87,"text":157558},{"id":75962,"depth":87,"text":75963,"children":159551},[159552,159554,159555,159556,159557],{"id":157715,"depth":117,"text":159553},"Get the first n items",{"id":157794,"depth":117,"text":157795},{"id":157872,"depth":117,"text":157873},{"id":157954,"depth":117,"text":157955},{"id":158036,"depth":117,"text":158037},{"id":76256,"depth":87,"text":76257,"children":159559},[159560,159561],{"id":158131,"depth":117,"text":158132},{"id":158215,"depth":117,"text":158216},{"id":158304,"depth":87,"text":158305},{"id":158556,"depth":87,"text":158557,"children":159564},[159565,159566,159567],{"id":158565,"depth":117,"text":158566},{"id":158681,"depth":117,"text":158682},{"id":158789,"depth":117,"text":158790},{"id":158855,"depth":87,"text":158856},{"id":77089,"depth":87,"text":15344,"children":159570},[159571,159572,159573],{"id":159072,"depth":117,"text":159073},{"id":159157,"depth":117,"text":159158},{"id":159254,"depth":117,"text":159255},{"id":113673,"depth":87,"text":113674},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":159576},[159577,159578,159579,159581],{"id":159487,"depth":117,"text":159488},{"id":159494,"depth":117,"text":159495},{"id":159501,"depth":117,"text":159580},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159509,"depth":117,"text":159582},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157198,"description":159584},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159591,"title":159592,"body":159593,"description":161416,"extension":2174,"meta":161417,"navigation":120,"path":34970,"seo":161418,"stem":161419,"__hash__":161420},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159594,"toc":161382},[159595,159600,159605,159609,159627,159630,159645,159651,159653,159710,159712,159744,159756,159762,159767,159770,159805,159811,159813,159816,159830,159833,159835,159858,159860,159878,159881,159897,159899,159902,160015,160017,160106,160109,160114,160120,160123,160126,160225,160227,160286,160291,160294,160363,160367,160399,160415,160420,160427,160434,160446,160448,160497,160499,160522,160528,160576,160581,160588,160596,160602,160605,160629,160632,160634,160710,160712,160737,160743,160746,160751,160755,160769,160771,160834,160836,160868,160871,160887,160889,160895,160902,160904,160923,160925,160943,160950,160955,160962,160964,161001,161004,161011,161015,161018,161076,161079,161082,161137,161139,161151,161157,161159,161163,161196,161203,161205,161268,161271,161273,161278,161292,161299,161307,161316,161325,161331,161337,161339,161379],[10,159596,3779,159598,3783],{"id":159597},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159599,2507],{},[14,159601,32479,159602,159604],{},[18,159603,2507],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159606,62713,159607,104518],{},[18,159608,2507],{},[29,159610,159611,159614,159617,159620],{},[32,159612,159613],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[32,159615,159616],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[32,159618,159619],{},"debug confusing code",[32,159621,159622,159623],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[262,159624,159625],{"href":8401},[18,159626,3161],{},[14,159628,159629],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[53,159631,159633],{"className":55,"code":159632,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"type(object)\n",[18,159634,159635],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159636,159637,159639,159641,159643],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159638,1690],{"class":430},[62,159640,131],{"class":95},[62,159642,431],{"class":430},[62,159644,434],{"class":95},[14,159646,159647,159648,159650],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159649,2507],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[48,159652,3813],{"id":3812},[53,159654,159656],{"className":55,"code":159655,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159657,159658,159670,159684,159688,159696],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159659,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159661,211],{"class":68},[62,159663,73],{"class":72},[62,159665,77],{"class":76},[62,159667,718],{"class":80},[62,159669,84],{"class":76},[62,159671,159672,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159673,128],{"class":127},[62,159675,131],{"class":95},[62,159677,1690],{"class":430},[62,159679,131],{"class":95},[62,159681,329],{"class":139},[62,159683,1013],{"class":95},[62,159685,159686],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,159687,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,159689,159690,159692,159694],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,159691,2422],{"class":68},[62,159693,73],{"class":72},[62,159695,2791],{"class":99},[62,159697,159698,159700,159702,159704,159706,159708],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,159699,128],{"class":127},[62,159701,131],{"class":95},[62,159703,1690],{"class":430},[62,159705,131],{"class":95},[62,159707,2445],{"class":139},[62,159709,1013],{"class":95},[14,159711,2282],{},[53,159713,159714],{"className":55,"code":125021,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,159715,159716,159730],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159717,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159719,3492],{"class":72},[62,159721,3495],{"class":2276},[62,159723,3498],{"class":76},[62,159725,3646],{"class":80},[62,159727,3503],{"class":76},[62,159729,3506],{"class":72},[62,159731,159732,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159733,3492],{"class":72},[62,159735,3495],{"class":2276},[62,159737,3498],{"class":76},[62,159739,2021],{"class":80},[62,159741,3503],{"class":76},[62,159743,3506],{"class":72},[14,159745,169,159746,159749,159750,1940,159753,409],{},[18,159747,159748],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159751,159752],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159754,159755],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[48,159757,13166,159759,159761],{"id":159758},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159760,2507],{}," function does",[14,159763,159764,159766],{},[18,159765,2507],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159768,159769],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[29,159771,159772,159777,159782,159787,159792,159797],{},[32,159773,159774,159776],{},[18,159775,3646],{}," for text",[32,159778,159779,159781],{},[18,159780,2021],{}," for whole numbers",[32,159783,159784,159786],{},[18,159785,2025],{}," for decimal numbers",[32,159788,159789,159791],{},[18,159790,8276],{}," for lists",[32,159793,159794,159796],{},[18,159795,9001],{}," for dictionaries",[32,159798,159799,69042,159801,1940,159803],{},[18,159800,4067],{},[18,159802,3808],{},[18,159804,2098],{},[14,159806,159807,159808,159810],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159809,2507],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[48,159812,413],{"id":412},[14,159814,159815],{},"The main beginner form is:",[53,159817,159818],{"className":55,"code":159632,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,159819,159820],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159821,159822,159824,159826,159828],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159823,1690],{"class":430},[62,159825,131],{"class":95},[62,159827,431],{"class":430},[62,159829,434],{"class":95},[14,159831,159832],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159834,201],{},[53,159836,159838],{"className":55,"code":159837,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159839,159840],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159841,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159843,128],{"class":127},[62,159845,131],{"class":95},[62,159847,1690],{"class":430},[62,159849,131],{"class":95},[62,159851,259],{"class":76},[62,159853,81],{"class":80},[62,159855,259],{"class":76},[62,159857,1013],{"class":95},[14,159859,2282],{},[53,159861,159862],{"className":55,"code":45922,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,159863,159864],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159865,159866,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159867,3492],{"class":72},[62,159869,3495],{"class":2276},[62,159871,3498],{"class":76},[62,159873,3646],{"class":80},[62,159875,3503],{"class":76},[62,159877,3506],{"class":72},[14,159879,159880],{},"You can pass either:",[29,159882,159883,159890],{},[32,159884,159885,159886,2022,159888],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,159887,64481],{},[18,159889,46678],{},[32,159891,159892,159893,2022,159895],{},"a variable such as ",[18,159894,329],{},[18,159896,1073],{},[48,159898,121833],{"id":121832},[14,159900,159901],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[53,159903,159905],{"className":55,"code":159904,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,159906,159907,159925,159939,159953,159975,160001],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,159908,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,159910,128],{"class":127},[62,159912,131],{"class":95},[62,159914,1690],{"class":430},[62,159916,131],{"class":95},[62,159918,259],{"class":76},[62,159920,81],{"class":80},[62,159922,259],{"class":76},[62,159924,1013],{"class":95},[62,159926,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,159928,128],{"class":127},[62,159930,131],{"class":95},[62,159932,1690],{"class":430},[62,159934,131],{"class":95},[62,159936,100],{"class":99},[62,159938,1013],{"class":95},[62,159940,159941,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,159942,128],{"class":127},[62,159944,131],{"class":95},[62,159946,1690],{"class":430},[62,159948,131],{"class":95},[62,159950,1596],{"class":99},[62,159952,1013],{"class":95},[62,159954,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,159956,128],{"class":127},[62,159958,131],{"class":95},[62,159960,1690],{"class":430},[62,159962,496],{"class":95},[62,159964,499],{"class":99},[62,159966,103],{"class":95},[62,159968,284],{"class":99},[62,159970,103],{"class":95},[62,159972,508],{"class":99},[62,159974,3201],{"class":95},[62,159976,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,159978,128],{"class":127},[62,159980,131],{"class":95},[62,159982,1690],{"class":430},[62,159984,547],{"class":95},[62,159986,259],{"class":76},[62,159988,329],{"class":80},[62,159990,259],{"class":76},[62,159992,267],{"class":95},[62,159994,77],{"class":76},[62,159996,718],{"class":80},[62,159998,259],{"class":76},[62,160000,5734],{"class":95},[62,160002,160003,160005,160007,160009,160011,160013],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,160004,128],{"class":127},[62,160006,131],{"class":95},[62,160008,1690],{"class":430},[62,160010,131],{"class":95},[62,160012,3808],{"class":1618},[62,160014,1013],{"class":95},[14,160016,2282],{},[53,160018,160020],{"className":55,"code":160019,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,160021,160022,160036,160050,160064,160078,160092],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160023,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160025,3492],{"class":72},[62,160027,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160029,3498],{"class":76},[62,160031,3646],{"class":80},[62,160033,3503],{"class":76},[62,160035,3506],{"class":72},[62,160037,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160039,3492],{"class":72},[62,160041,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160043,3498],{"class":76},[62,160045,2021],{"class":80},[62,160047,3503],{"class":76},[62,160049,3506],{"class":72},[62,160051,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,160053,3492],{"class":72},[62,160055,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160057,3498],{"class":76},[62,160059,2025],{"class":80},[62,160061,3503],{"class":76},[62,160063,3506],{"class":72},[62,160065,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,160067,3492],{"class":72},[62,160069,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160071,3498],{"class":76},[62,160073,8276],{"class":80},[62,160075,3503],{"class":76},[62,160077,3506],{"class":72},[62,160079,160080,160082,160084,160086,160088,160090],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,160081,3492],{"class":72},[62,160083,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160085,3498],{"class":76},[62,160087,9001],{"class":80},[62,160089,3503],{"class":76},[62,160091,3506],{"class":72},[62,160093,160094,160096,160098,160100,160102,160104],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,160095,3492],{"class":72},[62,160097,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160099,3498],{"class":76},[62,160101,4067],{"class":80},[62,160103,3503],{"class":76},[62,160105,3506],{"class":72},[14,160107,160108],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160110,160111,160112,409],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[262,160113,44949],{"href":49128},[48,160115,1834,160117,160119],{"id":160116},"using-type-with-variables",[18,160118,2507],{}," with variables",[14,160121,160122],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160124,160125],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[53,160127,160129],{"className":55,"code":160128,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,160130,160131,160139,160157,160161,160173,160191,160195,160207],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160132,160133,160135,160137],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160134,1613],{"class":68},[62,160136,73],{"class":72},[62,160138,2791],{"class":99},[62,160140,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160142,128],{"class":127},[62,160144,131],{"class":95},[62,160146,1632],{"class":139},[62,160148,103],{"class":95},[62,160150,49540],{"class":430},[62,160152,131],{"class":95},[62,160154,1632],{"class":139},[62,160156,1013],{"class":95},[62,160158,160159],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,160160,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,160162,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,160164,1613],{"class":68},[62,160166,73],{"class":72},[62,160168,77],{"class":76},[62,160170,46059],{"class":80},[62,160172,84],{"class":76},[62,160174,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,160176,128],{"class":127},[62,160178,131],{"class":95},[62,160180,1632],{"class":139},[62,160182,103],{"class":95},[62,160184,49540],{"class":430},[62,160186,131],{"class":95},[62,160188,1632],{"class":139},[62,160190,1013],{"class":95},[62,160192,160193],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,160194,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,160196,160197,160199,160201,160203,160205],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,160198,1613],{"class":68},[62,160200,73],{"class":72},[62,160202,96],{"class":95},[62,160204,100],{"class":99},[62,160206,114],{"class":95},[62,160208,160209,160211,160213,160215,160217,160219,160221,160223],{"class":64,"line":356},[62,160210,128],{"class":127},[62,160212,131],{"class":95},[62,160214,1632],{"class":139},[62,160216,103],{"class":95},[62,160218,49540],{"class":430},[62,160220,131],{"class":95},[62,160222,1632],{"class":139},[62,160224,1013],{"class":95},[14,160226,2282],{},[53,160228,160230],{"className":55,"code":160229,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,160231,160232,160249,160266],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160233,160234,160236,160239,160241,160243,160245,160247],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160235,100],{"class":99},[62,160237,160238],{"class":72}," \u003C",[62,160240,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160242,3498],{"class":76},[62,160244,2021],{"class":80},[62,160246,3503],{"class":76},[62,160248,3506],{"class":72},[62,160250,160251,160254,160256,160258,160260,160262,160264],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160252,160253],{"class":68},"ten ",[62,160255,3492],{"class":72},[62,160257,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160259,3498],{"class":76},[62,160261,3646],{"class":80},[62,160263,3503],{"class":76},[62,160265,3506],{"class":72},[62,160267,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,160269,948],{"class":95},[62,160271,100],{"class":99},[62,160273,13440],{"class":95},[62,160275,160238],{"class":72},[62,160277,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160279,3498],{"class":76},[62,160281,8276],{"class":80},[62,160283,3503],{"class":76},[62,160285,3506],{"class":72},[14,160287,160288,160290],{},[18,160289,2507],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160292,160293],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[53,160295,160297],{"className":55,"code":160296,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,160298,160299,160317,160331,160335,160349],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160300,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160302,3594],{"class":68},[62,160304,73],{"class":72},[62,160306,1329],{"class":127},[62,160308,131],{"class":95},[62,160310,259],{"class":76},[62,160312,42023],{"class":80},[62,160314,259],{"class":76},[62,160316,434],{"class":95},[62,160318,160319,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160320,128],{"class":127},[62,160322,131],{"class":95},[62,160324,1690],{"class":430},[62,160326,131],{"class":95},[62,160328,3620],{"class":139},[62,160330,1013],{"class":95},[62,160332,160333],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,160334,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,160336,160337,160339,160341,160343,160345,160347],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,160338,122945],{"class":68},[62,160340,73],{"class":72},[62,160342,45428],{"class":430},[62,160344,131],{"class":95},[62,160346,3620],{"class":139},[62,160348,434],{"class":95},[62,160350,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359,160361],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,160352,128],{"class":127},[62,160354,131],{"class":95},[62,160356,1690],{"class":430},[62,160358,131],{"class":95},[62,160360,122968],{"class":139},[62,160362,1013],{"class":95},[14,160364,41272,160365,41276],{},[18,160366,9369],{},[53,160368,160369],{"className":55,"code":125021,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,160370,160371,160385],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160372,160373,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160374,3492],{"class":72},[62,160376,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160378,3498],{"class":76},[62,160380,3646],{"class":80},[62,160382,3503],{"class":76},[62,160384,3506],{"class":72},[62,160386,160387,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160388,3492],{"class":72},[62,160390,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160392,3498],{"class":76},[62,160394,2021],{"class":80},[62,160396,3503],{"class":76},[62,160398,3506],{"class":72},[14,160400,45855,160401,160405,160406,2022,160410,160414],{},[262,160402,160403],{"href":8401},[18,160404,3161],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[262,160407,160408],{"href":3078},[18,160409,3081],{},[262,160411,160412],{"href":3084},[18,160413,3087],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160416,160417,160418,409],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[262,160419,9161],{"href":9160},[48,160421,160423,10756,160425],{"id":160422},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160424,2507],{},[18,160426,44957],{},[14,160428,160429,1940,160431,160433],{},[18,160430,2507],{},[18,160432,44957],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[29,160435,160436,160441],{},[32,160437,160438,160440],{},[18,160439,2507],{}," tells you the exact type",[32,160442,160443,160445],{},[18,160444,44957],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160447,201],{},[53,160449,160451],{"className":55,"code":160450,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160452,160453,160461,160465,160479],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160454,160455,160457,160459],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160456,1613],{"class":68},[62,160458,73],{"class":72},[62,160460,35004],{"class":99},[62,160462,160463],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160464,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,160466,160467,160469,160471,160473,160475,160477],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,160468,128],{"class":127},[62,160470,131],{"class":95},[62,160472,1690],{"class":430},[62,160474,131],{"class":95},[62,160476,1632],{"class":139},[62,160478,1013],{"class":95},[62,160480,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,160482,128],{"class":127},[62,160484,131],{"class":95},[62,160486,1705],{"class":127},[62,160488,131],{"class":95},[62,160490,1632],{"class":139},[62,160492,103],{"class":95},[62,160494,45428],{"class":430},[62,160496,1013],{"class":95},[14,160498,2282],{},[53,160500,160502],{"className":55,"code":160501,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160503,160504,160518],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160505,160506,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160507,3492],{"class":72},[62,160509,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160511,3498],{"class":76},[62,160513,2021],{"class":80},[62,160515,3503],{"class":76},[62,160517,3506],{"class":72},[62,160519,160520],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160521,4179],{"class":1618},[14,160523,160524,160525,160527],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160526,44957],{}," is more practical.",[53,160529,160531],{"className":55,"code":160530,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160532,160533,160541,160545,160561],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160534,160535,160537,160539],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160536,1613],{"class":68},[62,160538,73],{"class":72},[62,160540,35004],{"class":99},[62,160542,160543],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160544,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,160546,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,160548,730],{"class":729},[62,160550,49763],{"class":127},[62,160552,131],{"class":95},[62,160554,1632],{"class":139},[62,160556,103],{"class":95},[62,160558,45428],{"class":430},[62,160560,8521],{"class":95},[62,160562,160563,160565,160567,160569,160572,160574],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,160564,754],{"class":127},[62,160566,131],{"class":95},[62,160568,259],{"class":76},[62,160570,160571],{"class":80},"This is an integer",[62,160573,259],{"class":76},[62,160575,434],{"class":95},[14,160577,169,160578,160580],{},[18,160579,2507],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160582,169,160583,160585,160586,7363],{},[18,160584,44957],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160587,730],{},[14,160589,160590,160591,409],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[262,160592,3779,160594,3712],{"href":160593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160595,44957],{},[48,160597,160599,160600],{"id":160598},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160601,2507],{},[14,160603,160604],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[53,160606,160608],{"className":55,"code":160607,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160609,160610],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160611,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620,160623,160625,160627],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160613,1690],{"class":430},[62,160615,131],{"class":95},[62,160617,329],{"class":139},[62,160619,103],{"class":95},[62,160621,160622],{"class":139}," bases",[62,160624,103],{"class":95},[62,160626,1752],{"class":430},[62,160628,434],{"class":95},[14,160630,160631],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160633,201],{},[53,160635,160637],{"className":55,"code":160636,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160638,160639,160682,160686,160696],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160640,160641,160644,160646,160648,160650,160652,160655,160657,160659,160662,160664,160666,160669,160671,160673,160675,160678,160680],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160642,160643],{"class":68},"Person ",[62,160645,73],{"class":72},[62,160647,49540],{"class":430},[62,160649,131],{"class":95},[62,160651,259],{"class":76},[62,160653,160654],{"class":80},"Person",[62,160656,259],{"class":76},[62,160658,103],{"class":95},[62,160660,160661],{"class":95}," (),",[62,160663,256],{"class":95},[62,160665,259],{"class":76},[62,160667,160668],{"class":80},"species",[62,160670,259],{"class":76},[62,160672,267],{"class":95},[62,160674,77],{"class":76},[62,160676,160677],{"class":80},"human",[62,160679,259],{"class":76},[62,160681,30658],{"class":95},[62,160683,160684],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160685,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,160687,160688,160690,160692,160694],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,160689,128],{"class":127},[62,160691,131],{"class":95},[62,160693,160654],{"class":139},[62,160695,434],{"class":95},[62,160697,160698,160700,160702,160704,160706,160708],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,160699,128],{"class":127},[62,160701,131],{"class":95},[62,160703,160654],{"class":139},[62,160705,409],{"class":95},[62,160707,160668],{"class":24910},[62,160709,434],{"class":95},[14,160711,2282],{},[53,160713,160715],{"className":55,"code":160714,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160716,160717,160732],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160718,160719,160721,160723,160725,160728,160730],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160720,3492],{"class":72},[62,160722,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160724,3498],{"class":76},[62,160726,160727],{"class":80},"__main__.Person",[62,160729,3503],{"class":76},[62,160731,3506],{"class":72},[62,160733,160734],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160735,160736],{"class":68},"human\n",[14,160738,160739,160740,160742],{},"Most beginners do ",[3946,160741,4830],{}," need this form.",[14,160744,160745],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[48,160747,5160,160749],{"id":160748},"when-to-use-type",[18,160750,2507],{},[14,160752,160753,12615],{},[18,160754,2507],{},[29,160756,160757,160760,160763,160766],{},[32,160758,160759],{},"debug unexpected values",[32,160761,160762],{},"check what a conversion produced",[32,160764,160765],{},"learn Python data types",[32,160767,160768],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160770,5670],{},[53,160772,160774],{"className":55,"code":160773,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160775,160776,160788,160802,160806,160820],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160777,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160779,69],{"class":68},[62,160781,73],{"class":72},[62,160783,77],{"class":76},[62,160785,50396],{"class":80},[62,160787,84],{"class":76},[62,160789,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160791,2422],{"class":68},[62,160793,73],{"class":72},[62,160795,45428],{"class":430},[62,160797,131],{"class":95},[62,160799,140],{"class":139},[62,160801,434],{"class":95},[62,160803,160804],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,160805,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,160807,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,160809,128],{"class":127},[62,160811,131],{"class":95},[62,160813,1690],{"class":430},[62,160815,131],{"class":95},[62,160817,140],{"class":139},[62,160819,1013],{"class":95},[62,160821,160822,160824,160826,160828,160830,160832],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,160823,128],{"class":127},[62,160825,131],{"class":95},[62,160827,1690],{"class":430},[62,160829,131],{"class":95},[62,160831,2445],{"class":139},[62,160833,1013],{"class":95},[14,160835,2282],{},[53,160837,160838],{"className":55,"code":125021,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,160839,160840,160854],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160841,160842,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160843,3492],{"class":72},[62,160845,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160847,3498],{"class":76},[62,160849,3646],{"class":80},[62,160851,3503],{"class":76},[62,160853,3506],{"class":72},[62,160855,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864,160866],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160857,3492],{"class":72},[62,160859,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160861,3498],{"class":76},[62,160863,2021],{"class":80},[62,160865,3503],{"class":76},[62,160867,3506],{"class":72},[14,160869,160870],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160872,160873,160874,399,160878,404,160882,160886],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[262,160875,160876],{"href":42327},[18,160877,47836],{},[262,160879,160880],{"href":3078},[18,160881,3081],{},[262,160883,160884],{"href":3084},[18,160885,3087],{}," are often the next step.",[48,160888,25518],{"id":25517},[14,160890,160891,160892,160894],{},"A few things about ",[18,160893,2507],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1256,160896,160898,160901],{"id":160897},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,160899,160900],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160903,64590],{},[53,160905,160907],{"className":55,"code":160906,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(5))\n",[18,160908,160909],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160910,160911,160913,160915,160917,160919,160921],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160912,128],{"class":127},[62,160914,131],{"class":95},[62,160916,1690],{"class":430},[62,160918,131],{"class":95},[62,160920,299],{"class":99},[62,160922,1013],{"class":95},[14,160924,122864],{},[53,160926,160927],{"className":55,"code":156376,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,160928,160929],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160930,160931,160933,160935,160937,160939,160941],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160932,3492],{"class":72},[62,160934,3495],{"class":2276},[62,160936,3498],{"class":76},[62,160938,2021],{"class":80},[62,160940,3503],{"class":76},[62,160942,3506],{"class":72},[14,160944,41059,160945,160947,160948,409],{},[3946,160946,4830],{}," print just ",[18,160949,2021],{},[14,160951,6868,160952,160954],{},[18,160953,2507],{}," returns a class object.",[1256,160956,160958,2602,160960],{"id":160957},"input-returns-str",[18,160959,3161],{},[18,160961,3646],{},[14,160963,79489],{},[53,160965,160967],{"className":55,"code":160966,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,160968,160969,160987],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,160970,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,160972,1613],{"class":68},[62,160974,73],{"class":72},[62,160976,1329],{"class":127},[62,160978,131],{"class":95},[62,160980,259],{"class":76},[62,160982,46462],{"class":80},[62,160984,259],{"class":76},[62,160986,434],{"class":95},[62,160988,160989,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,160990,128],{"class":127},[62,160992,131],{"class":95},[62,160994,1690],{"class":430},[62,160996,131],{"class":95},[62,160998,1632],{"class":139},[62,161000,1013],{"class":95},[14,161002,161003],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161005,161006,161007,2022,161009,409],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,161008,3081],{},[18,161010,3087],{},[1256,161012,161014],{"id":161013},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161016,161017],{},"Avoid code like this:",[53,161019,161021],{"className":55,"code":161020,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,161022,161023,161031,161035,161061],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161024,161025,161027,161029],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161026,1613],{"class":68},[62,161028,73],{"class":72},[62,161030,35004],{"class":99},[62,161032,161033],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,161034,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,161036,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057,161059],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,161038,730],{"class":729},[62,161040,1714],{"class":430},[62,161042,131],{"class":95},[62,161044,1690],{"class":430},[62,161046,131],{"class":95},[62,161048,1632],{"class":139},[62,161050,143],{"class":95},[62,161052,1225],{"class":72},[62,161054,77],{"class":76},[62,161056,159755],{"class":80},[62,161058,259],{"class":76},[62,161060,749],{"class":95},[62,161062,161063,161065,161067,161069,161072,161074],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,161064,754],{"class":127},[62,161066,131],{"class":95},[62,161068,259],{"class":76},[62,161070,161071],{"class":80},"It is an int",[62,161073,259],{"class":76},[62,161075,434],{"class":95},[14,161077,161078],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161080,161081],{},"Better options:",[53,161083,161085],{"className":55,"code":161084,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,161086,161087,161095,161099,161119],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161088,161089,161091,161093],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161090,1613],{"class":68},[62,161092,73],{"class":72},[62,161094,35004],{"class":99},[62,161096,161097],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,161098,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,161100,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,161102,128],{"class":127},[62,161104,131],{"class":95},[62,161106,1690],{"class":430},[62,161108,131],{"class":95},[62,161110,1632],{"class":139},[62,161112,741],{"class":95},[62,161114,1225],{"class":72},[62,161116,45428],{"class":430},[62,161118,434],{"class":95},[62,161120,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,161122,128],{"class":127},[62,161124,131],{"class":95},[62,161126,1705],{"class":127},[62,161128,131],{"class":95},[62,161130,1632],{"class":139},[62,161132,103],{"class":95},[62,161134,45428],{"class":430},[62,161136,1013],{"class":95},[14,161138,2282],{},[53,161140,161141],{"className":55,"code":4704,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,161142,161143,161147],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161144,161145],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161146,4179],{"class":1618},[62,161148,161149],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,161150,4179],{"class":1618},[14,161152,161153,161154,161156],{},"In most real code, ",[18,161155,44957],{}," is the more useful check.",[48,161158,1824],{"id":1823},[14,161160,14900,161161,267],{},[18,161162,2507],{},[29,161164,161165,161175,161184,161193],{},[32,161166,1834,161167,161169,161170,161174],{},[18,161168,2507],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[262,161171,161172],{"href":8401},[18,161173,3161],{}," always returns a string",[32,161176,8631,161177,161179,161180,11264,161182],{},[18,161178,2507],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,161181,2021],{},[18,161183,159755],{},[32,161185,1834,161186,44781,161189,161192],{},[18,161187,161188],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,161190,161191],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[32,161194,161195],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161197,161198,161199,409],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[262,161200,161202],{"href":161201},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161204,144530],{},[53,161206,161208],{"className":55,"code":161207,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,161209,161210,161224,161234,161248,161258],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161211,161212,161214,161216,161218,161220,161222],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161213,128],{"class":127},[62,161215,131],{"class":95},[62,161217,1690],{"class":430},[62,161219,131],{"class":95},[62,161221,1632],{"class":139},[62,161223,1013],{"class":95},[62,161225,161226,161228,161230,161232],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,161227,128],{"class":127},[62,161229,131],{"class":95},[62,161231,1632],{"class":139},[62,161233,434],{"class":95},[62,161235,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,161237,128],{"class":127},[62,161239,131],{"class":95},[62,161241,41931],{"class":127},[62,161243,131],{"class":95},[62,161245,1632],{"class":139},[62,161247,1013],{"class":95},[62,161249,161250,161252,161254,161256],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,161251,32314],{"class":127},[62,161253,131],{"class":95},[62,161255,1690],{"class":430},[62,161257,434],{"class":95},[62,161259,161260,161262,161264,161266],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,161261,34535],{"class":127},[62,161263,131],{"class":95},[62,161265,1632],{"class":139},[62,161267,434],{"class":95},[14,161269,161270],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[48,161272,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,161274,5340,161276,5343],{"id":161275},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,161277,2507],{},[14,161279,161280,161281,399,161283,399,161285,2398,161287,161289,161290,409],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,161282,3646],{},[18,161284,2021],{},[18,161286,8276],{},[18,161288,9001],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,161291,159752],{},[1256,161293,15070,161295,57150,161297,632],{"id":161294},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,161296,2507],{},[18,161298,44957],{},[14,161300,46517,161301,161303,161304,161306],{},[18,161302,2507],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,161305,44957],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1256,161308,5356,161310,161313,161314,632],{"id":161309},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,161311,161312],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,161315,3646],{},[14,161317,29222,161318,161320,161321,2022,161323,160414],{},[18,161319,3161],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,161322,3081],{},[18,161324,3087],{},[1256,161326,5368,161328,161330],{"id":161327},"can-type-create-classes",[18,161329,2507],{}," create classes?",[14,161332,161333,161334,409],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,161335,161336],{},"type(object)",[48,161338,2109],{"id":2108},[29,161340,161341,161345,161351,161357,161361,161367,161373],{},[32,161342,161343],{},[262,161344,44949],{"href":49128},[32,161346,161347],{},[262,161348,3779,161349,3712],{"href":160593},[18,161350,44957],{},[32,161352,161353],{},[262,161354,3779,161355,3712],{"href":8401},[18,161356,3161],{},[32,161358,161359],{},[262,161360,9238],{"href":9160},[32,161362,161363],{},[262,161364,3779,161365,3712],{"href":3078},[18,161366,3081],{},[32,161368,161369],{},[262,161370,3779,161371,3712],{"href":3084},[18,161372,3087],{},[32,161374,161375],{},[262,161376,3779,161377,3712],{"href":42327},[18,161378,47836],{},[2145,161380,161381],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":161383},[161384,161385,161387,161388,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161404,161405,161415],{"id":3812,"depth":87,"text":3813},{"id":159758,"depth":87,"text":161386},"What the type() function does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":121832,"depth":87,"text":121833},{"id":160116,"depth":87,"text":161390},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160422,"depth":87,"text":161392},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160598,"depth":87,"text":161394},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160748,"depth":87,"text":161396},"When to use type()",{"id":25517,"depth":87,"text":25518,"children":161398},[161399,161401,161403],{"id":160897,"depth":117,"text":161400},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160957,"depth":117,"text":161402},"input() returns str",{"id":161013,"depth":117,"text":161014},{"id":1823,"depth":87,"text":1824},{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":161406},[161407,161409,161411,161413],{"id":161275,"depth":117,"text":161408},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161294,"depth":117,"text":161410},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161309,"depth":117,"text":161412},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161327,"depth":117,"text":161414},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159592,"description":161416},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161422,"title":161423,"body":161424,"description":163903,"extension":2174,"meta":163904,"navigation":120,"path":163905,"seo":163906,"stem":163907,"__hash__":163908},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161425,"toc":163860},[161426,161431,161436,161445,161447,161547,161549,161574,161579,161584,161600,161603,161605,161607,161632,161635,161638,161721,161723,161772,161775,161897,161899,161972,161976,161979,162093,162095,162121,162123,162144,162149,162153,162158,162161,162265,162267,162284,162293,162296,162383,162385,162396,162401,162407,162412,162418,162421,162514,162516,162565,162571,162574,162675,162677,162730,162735,162739,162742,162841,162843,162882,162885,162890,162892,162897,162901,163014,163018,163115,163119,163207,163209,163226,163230,163353,163359,163365,163371,163376,163379,163406,163410,163412,163506,163509,163513,163516,163603,163606,163641,163643,163680,163683,163691,163696,163701,163775,163782,163784,163789,163792,163798,163801,163807,163812,163818,163823,163827,163830,163832,163857],[10,161427,3779,161429,3783],{"id":161428},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161430,64266],{},[14,161432,161433,161435],{},[18,161434,64266],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161437,161438,161439,161441,161442,161444],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161440,64266],{}," inside a ",[18,161443,6154],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[48,161446,51],{"id":50},[53,161448,161450],{"className":55,"code":161449,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161451,161452,161484,161504,161508,161533],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161453,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161455,5194],{"class":68},[62,161457,73],{"class":72},[62,161459,96],{"class":95},[62,161461,259],{"class":76},[62,161463,1896],{"class":80},[62,161465,259],{"class":76},[62,161467,103],{"class":95},[62,161469,77],{"class":76},[62,161471,36103],{"class":80},[62,161473,259],{"class":76},[62,161475,103],{"class":95},[62,161477,77],{"class":76},[62,161479,36112],{"class":80},[62,161481,259],{"class":76},[62,161483,114],{"class":95},[62,161485,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,161487,969],{"class":68},[62,161489,73],{"class":72},[62,161491,96],{"class":95},[62,161493,13669],{"class":99},[62,161495,103],{"class":95},[62,161497,13674],{"class":99},[62,161499,103],{"class":95},[62,161501,29081],{"class":99},[62,161503,114],{"class":95},[62,161505,161506],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,161507,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,161509,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,161511,6154],{"class":729},[62,161513,36154],{"class":68},[62,161515,103],{"class":95},[62,161517,5303],{"class":68},[62,161519,4082],{"class":729},[62,161521,161522],{"class":127}," zip",[62,161524,131],{"class":95},[62,161526,5237],{"class":139},[62,161528,103],{"class":95},[62,161530,5308],{"class":139},[62,161532,8521],{"class":95},[62,161534,161535,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,161536,754],{"class":127},[62,161538,131],{"class":95},[62,161540,329],{"class":139},[62,161542,103],{"class":95},[62,161544,130810],{"class":139},[62,161546,434],{"class":95},[14,161548,2282],{},[53,161550,161552],{"className":55,"code":161551,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161553,161554,161560,161567],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161555,161556,161558],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161557,133829],{"class":68},[62,161559,33298],{"class":99},[62,161561,161562,161565],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,161563,161564],{"class":68},"Ben ",[62,161566,33303],{"class":99},[62,161568,161569,161572],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,161570,161571],{"class":68},"Cara ",[62,161573,33308],{"class":99},[14,161575,169,161576,161578],{},[18,161577,64266],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[48,161580,3879,161582,3882],{"id":161581},"what-zip-does",[18,161583,64266],{},[29,161585,161586,161591,161594,161597],{},[32,161587,161588,161590],{},[18,161589,64266],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[32,161592,161593],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[32,161595,161596],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[32,161598,161599],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161601,161602],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[48,161604,413],{"id":412},[14,161606,7409],{},[53,161608,161610],{"className":55,"code":161609,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161611,161612],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161613,161614,161616,161618,161621,161623,161626,161628,161630],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161615,64336],{"class":127},[62,161617,131],{"class":95},[62,161619,161620],{"class":139},"iterable1",[62,161622,103],{"class":95},[62,161624,161625],{"class":139}," iterable2",[62,161627,103],{"class":95},[62,161629,34617],{"class":127},[62,161631,434],{"class":95},[14,161633,161634],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161636,161637],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[53,161639,161641],{"className":55,"code":161640,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161642,161643,161663,161695,161699],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161644,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161646,225],{"class":68},[62,161648,73],{"class":72},[62,161650,96],{"class":95},[62,161652,499],{"class":99},[62,161654,103],{"class":95},[62,161656,284],{"class":99},[62,161658,103],{"class":95},[62,161660,508],{"class":99},[62,161662,114],{"class":95},[62,161664,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,161666,36253],{"class":68},[62,161668,73],{"class":72},[62,161670,96],{"class":95},[62,161672,259],{"class":76},[62,161674,262],{"class":80},[62,161676,259],{"class":76},[62,161678,103],{"class":95},[62,161680,77],{"class":76},[62,161682,277],{"class":80},[62,161684,259],{"class":76},[62,161686,103],{"class":95},[62,161688,77],{"class":76},[62,161690,9912],{"class":80},[62,161692,259],{"class":76},[62,161694,114],{"class":95},[62,161696,161697],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,161698,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,161700,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,161702,128],{"class":127},[62,161704,131],{"class":95},[62,161706,8276],{"class":430},[62,161708,131],{"class":95},[62,161710,64336],{"class":127},[62,161712,131],{"class":95},[62,161714,348],{"class":139},[62,161716,103],{"class":95},[62,161718,70043],{"class":139},[62,161720,3115],{"class":95},[14,161722,2282],{},[53,161724,161726],{"className":55,"code":161725,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161727,161728],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161729,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161731,21902],{"class":95},[62,161733,499],{"class":99},[62,161735,103],{"class":95},[62,161737,3498],{"class":76},[62,161739,262],{"class":80},[62,161741,3503],{"class":76},[62,161743,9408],{"class":95},[62,161745,854],{"class":95},[62,161747,1935],{"class":99},[62,161749,103],{"class":95},[62,161751,3498],{"class":76},[62,161753,277],{"class":80},[62,161755,3503],{"class":76},[62,161757,9408],{"class":95},[62,161759,854],{"class":95},[62,161761,2273],{"class":99},[62,161763,103],{"class":95},[62,161765,3498],{"class":76},[62,161767,9912],{"class":80},[62,161769,3503],{"class":76},[62,161771,9423],{"class":95},[14,161773,161774],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[53,161776,161778],{"className":55,"code":161777,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161779,161780,161812,161832,161866,161870],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161781,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161783,5194],{"class":68},[62,161785,73],{"class":72},[62,161787,96],{"class":95},[62,161789,259],{"class":76},[62,161791,1896],{"class":80},[62,161793,259],{"class":76},[62,161795,103],{"class":95},[62,161797,77],{"class":76},[62,161799,36103],{"class":80},[62,161801,259],{"class":76},[62,161803,103],{"class":95},[62,161805,77],{"class":76},[62,161807,36112],{"class":80},[62,161809,259],{"class":76},[62,161811,114],{"class":95},[62,161813,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,161815,969],{"class":68},[62,161817,73],{"class":72},[62,161819,96],{"class":95},[62,161821,13669],{"class":99},[62,161823,103],{"class":95},[62,161825,13674],{"class":99},[62,161827,103],{"class":95},[62,161829,29081],{"class":99},[62,161831,114],{"class":95},[62,161833,161834,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161862,161864],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,161835,161836],{"class":68},"grades ",[62,161838,73],{"class":72},[62,161840,96],{"class":95},[62,161842,259],{"class":76},[62,161844,1098],{"class":80},[62,161846,259],{"class":76},[62,161848,103],{"class":95},[62,161850,77],{"class":76},[62,161852,30762],{"class":80},[62,161854,259],{"class":76},[62,161856,103],{"class":95},[62,161858,77],{"class":76},[62,161860,161861],{"class":80},"B+",[62,161863,259],{"class":76},[62,161865,114],{"class":95},[62,161867,161868],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,161869,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,161871,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161895],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,161873,128],{"class":127},[62,161875,131],{"class":95},[62,161877,8276],{"class":430},[62,161879,131],{"class":95},[62,161881,64336],{"class":127},[62,161883,131],{"class":95},[62,161885,5237],{"class":139},[62,161887,103],{"class":95},[62,161889,5308],{"class":139},[62,161891,103],{"class":95},[62,161893,161894],{"class":139}," grades",[62,161896,3115],{"class":95},[14,161898,2282],{},[53,161900,161902],{"className":55,"code":161901,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,161903,161904],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161905,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161907,21902],{"class":95},[62,161909,3503],{"class":76},[62,161911,1896],{"class":80},[62,161913,3503],{"class":76},[62,161915,103],{"class":95},[62,161917,20061],{"class":99},[62,161919,103],{"class":95},[62,161921,3498],{"class":76},[62,161923,1098],{"class":80},[62,161925,3503],{"class":76},[62,161927,9408],{"class":95},[62,161929,854],{"class":95},[62,161931,3503],{"class":76},[62,161933,36103],{"class":80},[62,161935,3503],{"class":76},[62,161937,103],{"class":95},[62,161939,13674],{"class":99},[62,161941,103],{"class":95},[62,161943,3498],{"class":76},[62,161945,30762],{"class":80},[62,161947,3503],{"class":76},[62,161949,9408],{"class":95},[62,161951,854],{"class":95},[62,161953,3503],{"class":76},[62,161955,36112],{"class":80},[62,161957,3503],{"class":76},[62,161959,103],{"class":95},[62,161961,29081],{"class":99},[62,161963,103],{"class":95},[62,161965,3498],{"class":76},[62,161967,161861],{"class":80},[62,161969,3503],{"class":76},[62,161971,9423],{"class":95},[48,161973,161975],{"id":161974},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161977,161978],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[53,161980,161982],{"className":55,"code":161981,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,161983,161984,162016,162036,162040,162064],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,161985,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,161987,5194],{"class":68},[62,161989,73],{"class":72},[62,161991,96],{"class":95},[62,161993,259],{"class":76},[62,161995,1896],{"class":80},[62,161997,259],{"class":76},[62,161999,103],{"class":95},[62,162001,77],{"class":76},[62,162003,36103],{"class":80},[62,162005,259],{"class":76},[62,162007,103],{"class":95},[62,162009,77],{"class":76},[62,162011,36112],{"class":80},[62,162013,259],{"class":76},[62,162015,114],{"class":95},[62,162017,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162019,969],{"class":68},[62,162021,73],{"class":72},[62,162023,96],{"class":95},[62,162025,13669],{"class":99},[62,162027,103],{"class":95},[62,162029,13674],{"class":99},[62,162031,103],{"class":95},[62,162033,29081],{"class":99},[62,162035,114],{"class":95},[62,162037,162038],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,162039,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,162041,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,162043,6154],{"class":729},[62,162045,36154],{"class":68},[62,162047,103],{"class":95},[62,162049,5303],{"class":68},[62,162051,4082],{"class":729},[62,162053,161522],{"class":127},[62,162055,131],{"class":95},[62,162057,5237],{"class":139},[62,162059,103],{"class":95},[62,162061,5308],{"class":139},[62,162063,8521],{"class":95},[62,162065,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,162067,754],{"class":127},[62,162069,131],{"class":95},[62,162071,22455],{"class":2276},[62,162073,259],{"class":80},[62,162075,9452],{"class":99},[62,162077,329],{"class":139},[62,162079,22464],{"class":99},[62,162081,162082],{"class":80}," scored ",[62,162084,9452],{"class":99},[62,162086,85467],{"class":139},[62,162088,22464],{"class":99},[62,162090,259],{"class":80},[62,162092,434],{"class":95},[14,162094,2282],{},[53,162096,162098],{"className":55,"code":162097,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,162099,162100,162107,162114],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162101,162102,162105],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162103,162104],{"class":68},"Ana scored ",[62,162106,33298],{"class":99},[62,162108,162109,162112],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162110,162111],{"class":68},"Ben scored ",[62,162113,33303],{"class":99},[62,162115,162116,162119],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,162117,162118],{"class":68},"Cara scored ",[62,162120,33308],{"class":99},[14,162122,45082],{},[29,162124,162125,162134,162137],{},[32,162126,162127,162130,162131],{},[18,162128,162129],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,162132,162133],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[32,162135,162136],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[32,162138,162139,1940,162141,162143],{},[18,162140,329],{},[18,162142,85467],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162145,162146,162147,409],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[262,162148,69560],{"href":69559},[48,162150,162152],{"id":162151},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162154,162155,162157],{},[18,162156,64266],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162159,162160],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[53,162162,162164],{"className":55,"code":162163,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,162165,162166,162207,162223,162227,162251],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162167,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162203,162205],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162169,5194],{"class":68},[62,162171,73],{"class":72},[62,162173,96],{"class":95},[62,162175,259],{"class":76},[62,162177,1896],{"class":80},[62,162179,259],{"class":76},[62,162181,103],{"class":95},[62,162183,77],{"class":76},[62,162185,36103],{"class":80},[62,162187,259],{"class":76},[62,162189,103],{"class":95},[62,162191,77],{"class":76},[62,162193,36112],{"class":80},[62,162195,259],{"class":76},[62,162197,103],{"class":95},[62,162199,77],{"class":76},[62,162201,162202],{"class":80},"Dan",[62,162204,259],{"class":76},[62,162206,114],{"class":95},[62,162208,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162210,969],{"class":68},[62,162212,73],{"class":72},[62,162214,96],{"class":95},[62,162216,13669],{"class":99},[62,162218,103],{"class":95},[62,162220,13674],{"class":99},[62,162222,114],{"class":95},[62,162224,162225],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,162226,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,162228,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,162230,6154],{"class":729},[62,162232,36154],{"class":68},[62,162234,103],{"class":95},[62,162236,5303],{"class":68},[62,162238,4082],{"class":729},[62,162240,161522],{"class":127},[62,162242,131],{"class":95},[62,162244,5237],{"class":139},[62,162246,103],{"class":95},[62,162248,5308],{"class":139},[62,162250,8521],{"class":95},[62,162252,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,162254,754],{"class":127},[62,162256,131],{"class":95},[62,162258,329],{"class":139},[62,162260,103],{"class":95},[62,162262,130810],{"class":139},[62,162264,434],{"class":95},[14,162266,2282],{},[53,162268,162270],{"className":55,"code":162269,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,162271,162272,162278],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162273,162274,162276],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162275,133829],{"class":68},[62,162277,33298],{"class":99},[62,162279,162280,162282],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162281,161564],{"class":68},[62,162283,33303],{"class":99},[14,162285,2492,162286,1940,162289,162292],{},[18,162287,162288],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,162290,162291],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162294,162295],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[53,162297,162299],{"className":55,"code":162298,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,162300,162301,162341,162357,162361],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162302,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162304,5194],{"class":68},[62,162306,73],{"class":72},[62,162308,96],{"class":95},[62,162310,259],{"class":76},[62,162312,1896],{"class":80},[62,162314,259],{"class":76},[62,162316,103],{"class":95},[62,162318,77],{"class":76},[62,162320,36103],{"class":80},[62,162322,259],{"class":76},[62,162324,103],{"class":95},[62,162326,77],{"class":76},[62,162328,36112],{"class":80},[62,162330,259],{"class":76},[62,162332,103],{"class":95},[62,162334,77],{"class":76},[62,162336,162202],{"class":80},[62,162338,259],{"class":76},[62,162340,114],{"class":95},[62,162342,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162344,969],{"class":68},[62,162346,73],{"class":72},[62,162348,96],{"class":95},[62,162350,13669],{"class":99},[62,162352,103],{"class":95},[62,162354,13674],{"class":99},[62,162356,114],{"class":95},[62,162358,162359],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,162360,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,162362,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,162364,128],{"class":127},[62,162366,131],{"class":95},[62,162368,134],{"class":127},[62,162370,131],{"class":95},[62,162372,5237],{"class":139},[62,162374,9408],{"class":95},[62,162376,733],{"class":127},[62,162378,131],{"class":95},[62,162380,1010],{"class":139},[62,162382,1013],{"class":95},[14,162384,2282],{},[53,162386,162388],{"className":55,"code":162387,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"4 2\n",[18,162389,162390],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162391,162392,162394],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162393,2708],{"class":99},[62,162395,45741],{"class":99},[14,162397,162398,162399,409],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162400,64266],{},[48,162402,92058,162404,162406],{"id":162403},"converting-zip-output",[18,162405,64266],{}," output",[14,162408,29222,162409,162411],{},[18,162410,64266],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1256,162413,169,162415],{"id":162414},"use-listzip",[18,162416,162417],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162419,162420],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[53,162422,162424],{"className":55,"code":162423,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162425,162426,162458,162478,162482,162504],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162427,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162429,5194],{"class":68},[62,162431,73],{"class":72},[62,162433,96],{"class":95},[62,162435,259],{"class":76},[62,162437,1896],{"class":80},[62,162439,259],{"class":76},[62,162441,103],{"class":95},[62,162443,77],{"class":76},[62,162445,36103],{"class":80},[62,162447,259],{"class":76},[62,162449,103],{"class":95},[62,162451,77],{"class":76},[62,162453,36112],{"class":80},[62,162455,259],{"class":76},[62,162457,114],{"class":95},[62,162459,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162461,969],{"class":68},[62,162463,73],{"class":72},[62,162465,96],{"class":95},[62,162467,13669],{"class":99},[62,162469,103],{"class":95},[62,162471,13674],{"class":99},[62,162473,103],{"class":95},[62,162475,29081],{"class":99},[62,162477,114],{"class":95},[62,162479,162480],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,162481,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,162483,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,162485,9390],{"class":68},[62,162487,73],{"class":72},[62,162489,1733],{"class":430},[62,162491,131],{"class":95},[62,162493,64336],{"class":127},[62,162495,131],{"class":95},[62,162497,5237],{"class":139},[62,162499,103],{"class":95},[62,162501,5308],{"class":139},[62,162503,1013],{"class":95},[62,162505,162506,162508,162510,162512],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,162507,128],{"class":127},[62,162509,131],{"class":95},[62,162511,9436],{"class":139},[62,162513,434],{"class":95},[14,162515,2282],{},[53,162517,162519],{"className":55,"code":162518,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162520,162521],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162522,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162524,21902],{"class":95},[62,162526,3503],{"class":76},[62,162528,1896],{"class":80},[62,162530,3503],{"class":76},[62,162532,103],{"class":95},[62,162534,20061],{"class":99},[62,162536,9408],{"class":95},[62,162538,854],{"class":95},[62,162540,3503],{"class":76},[62,162542,36103],{"class":80},[62,162544,3503],{"class":76},[62,162546,103],{"class":95},[62,162548,13674],{"class":99},[62,162550,9408],{"class":95},[62,162552,854],{"class":95},[62,162554,3503],{"class":76},[62,162556,36112],{"class":80},[62,162558,3503],{"class":76},[62,162560,103],{"class":95},[62,162562,29081],{"class":99},[62,162564,9423],{"class":95},[1256,162566,169,162568],{"id":162567},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162569,162570],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162572,162573],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[53,162575,162577],{"className":55,"code":162576,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162578,162579,162611,162639,162643,162665],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162580,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162582,17408],{"class":68},[62,162584,73],{"class":72},[62,162586,96],{"class":95},[62,162588,259],{"class":76},[62,162590,329],{"class":80},[62,162592,259],{"class":76},[62,162594,103],{"class":95},[62,162596,77],{"class":76},[62,162598,1073],{"class":80},[62,162600,259],{"class":76},[62,162602,103],{"class":95},[62,162604,77],{"class":76},[62,162606,10581],{"class":80},[62,162608,259],{"class":76},[62,162610,114],{"class":95},[62,162612,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162614,292],{"class":68},[62,162616,73],{"class":72},[62,162618,96],{"class":95},[62,162620,259],{"class":76},[62,162622,1896],{"class":80},[62,162624,259],{"class":76},[62,162626,103],{"class":95},[62,162628,9479],{"class":99},[62,162630,103],{"class":95},[62,162632,77],{"class":76},[62,162634,16198],{"class":80},[62,162636,259],{"class":76},[62,162638,114],{"class":95},[62,162640,162641],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,162642,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,162644,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,162646,1879],{"class":68},[62,162648,73],{"class":72},[62,162650,1752],{"class":430},[62,162652,131],{"class":95},[62,162654,64336],{"class":127},[62,162656,131],{"class":95},[62,162658,17090],{"class":139},[62,162660,103],{"class":95},[62,162662,4085],{"class":139},[62,162664,1013],{"class":95},[62,162666,162667,162669,162671,162673],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,162668,128],{"class":127},[62,162670,131],{"class":95},[62,162672,1925],{"class":139},[62,162674,434],{"class":95},[14,162676,2282],{},[53,162678,162680],{"className":55,"code":162679,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162681,162682],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162683,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162685,9452],{"class":95},[62,162687,3503],{"class":76},[62,162689,329],{"class":80},[62,162691,3503],{"class":76},[62,162693,267],{"class":95},[62,162695,3498],{"class":76},[62,162697,1896],{"class":80},[62,162699,3503],{"class":76},[62,162701,103],{"class":95},[62,162703,3498],{"class":76},[62,162705,1073],{"class":80},[62,162707,3503],{"class":76},[62,162709,267],{"class":95},[62,162711,9479],{"class":99},[62,162713,103],{"class":95},[62,162715,3498],{"class":76},[62,162717,10581],{"class":80},[62,162719,3503],{"class":76},[62,162721,267],{"class":95},[62,162723,3498],{"class":76},[62,162725,16198],{"class":80},[62,162727,3503],{"class":76},[62,162729,287],{"class":95},[14,162731,162732,162733,409],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[262,162734,31248],{"href":31247},[1256,162736,162738],{"id":162737},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162740,162741],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[53,162743,162745],{"className":55,"code":162744,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162746,162747,162771,162787,162791,162809,162813,162827],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162748,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162750,5194],{"class":68},[62,162752,73],{"class":72},[62,162754,96],{"class":95},[62,162756,259],{"class":76},[62,162758,1896],{"class":80},[62,162760,259],{"class":76},[62,162762,103],{"class":95},[62,162764,77],{"class":76},[62,162766,36103],{"class":80},[62,162768,259],{"class":76},[62,162770,114],{"class":95},[62,162772,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162774,969],{"class":68},[62,162776,73],{"class":72},[62,162778,96],{"class":95},[62,162780,13669],{"class":99},[62,162782,103],{"class":95},[62,162784,13674],{"class":99},[62,162786,114],{"class":95},[62,162788,162789],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,162790,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,162792,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,162794,9390],{"class":68},[62,162796,73],{"class":72},[62,162798,161522],{"class":127},[62,162800,131],{"class":95},[62,162802,5237],{"class":139},[62,162804,103],{"class":95},[62,162806,5308],{"class":139},[62,162808,434],{"class":95},[62,162810,162811],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,162812,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,162814,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,162816,128],{"class":127},[62,162818,131],{"class":95},[62,162820,8276],{"class":430},[62,162822,131],{"class":95},[62,162824,9436],{"class":139},[62,162826,1013],{"class":95},[62,162828,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,162830,128],{"class":127},[62,162832,131],{"class":95},[62,162834,8276],{"class":430},[62,162836,131],{"class":95},[62,162838,9436],{"class":139},[62,162840,1013],{"class":95},[14,162842,2282],{},[53,162844,162846],{"className":55,"code":162845,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162847,162848,162878],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162849,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162851,21902],{"class":95},[62,162853,3503],{"class":76},[62,162855,1896],{"class":80},[62,162857,3503],{"class":76},[62,162859,103],{"class":95},[62,162861,20061],{"class":99},[62,162863,9408],{"class":95},[62,162865,854],{"class":95},[62,162867,3503],{"class":76},[62,162869,36103],{"class":80},[62,162871,3503],{"class":76},[62,162873,103],{"class":95},[62,162875,13674],{"class":99},[62,162877,9423],{"class":95},[62,162879,162880],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162881,38453],{"class":95},[14,162883,162884],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162886,162887,162888,409],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[262,162889,5334],{"href":5782},[48,162891,1249],{"id":1248},[14,162893,162894,162895,409],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,162896,64266],{},[1256,162898,162900],{"id":162899},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[53,162902,162904],{"className":55,"code":162903,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,162905,162906,162938,162958,162962,162986],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,162907,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,162909,5194],{"class":68},[62,162911,73],{"class":72},[62,162913,96],{"class":95},[62,162915,259],{"class":76},[62,162917,1896],{"class":80},[62,162919,259],{"class":76},[62,162921,103],{"class":95},[62,162923,77],{"class":76},[62,162925,36103],{"class":80},[62,162927,259],{"class":76},[62,162929,103],{"class":95},[62,162931,77],{"class":76},[62,162933,36112],{"class":80},[62,162935,259],{"class":76},[62,162937,114],{"class":95},[62,162939,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,162941,969],{"class":68},[62,162943,73],{"class":72},[62,162945,96],{"class":95},[62,162947,13669],{"class":99},[62,162949,103],{"class":95},[62,162951,13674],{"class":99},[62,162953,103],{"class":95},[62,162955,29081],{"class":99},[62,162957,114],{"class":95},[62,162959,162960],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,162961,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,162963,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,162965,6154],{"class":729},[62,162967,36154],{"class":68},[62,162969,103],{"class":95},[62,162971,5303],{"class":68},[62,162973,4082],{"class":729},[62,162975,161522],{"class":127},[62,162977,131],{"class":95},[62,162979,5237],{"class":139},[62,162981,103],{"class":95},[62,162983,5308],{"class":139},[62,162985,8521],{"class":95},[62,162987,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,162989,754],{"class":127},[62,162991,131],{"class":95},[62,162993,22455],{"class":2276},[62,162995,259],{"class":80},[62,162997,9452],{"class":99},[62,162999,329],{"class":139},[62,163001,22464],{"class":99},[62,163003,22467],{"class":80},[62,163005,9452],{"class":99},[62,163007,85467],{"class":139},[62,163009,22464],{"class":99},[62,163011,259],{"class":80},[62,163013,434],{"class":95},[1256,163015,163017],{"id":163016},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[53,163019,163021],{"className":55,"code":163020,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,163022,163023,163055,163079,163083,163105],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163024,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049,163051,163053],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163026,17408],{"class":68},[62,163028,73],{"class":72},[62,163030,96],{"class":95},[62,163032,259],{"class":76},[62,163034,12820],{"class":80},[62,163036,259],{"class":76},[62,163038,103],{"class":95},[62,163040,77],{"class":76},[62,163042,329],{"class":80},[62,163044,259],{"class":76},[62,163046,103],{"class":95},[62,163048,77],{"class":76},[62,163050,15988],{"class":80},[62,163052,259],{"class":76},[62,163054,114],{"class":95},[62,163056,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163058,292],{"class":68},[62,163060,73],{"class":72},[62,163062,96],{"class":95},[62,163064,46744],{"class":99},[62,163066,103],{"class":95},[62,163068,77],{"class":76},[62,163070,1896],{"class":80},[62,163072,259],{"class":76},[62,163074,103],{"class":95},[62,163076,4115],{"class":1618},[62,163078,114],{"class":95},[62,163080,163081],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,163082,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,163084,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,163086,251],{"class":68},[62,163088,73],{"class":72},[62,163090,1752],{"class":430},[62,163092,131],{"class":95},[62,163094,64336],{"class":127},[62,163096,131],{"class":95},[62,163098,17090],{"class":139},[62,163100,103],{"class":95},[62,163102,4085],{"class":139},[62,163104,1013],{"class":95},[62,163106,163107,163109,163111,163113],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,163108,128],{"class":127},[62,163110,131],{"class":95},[62,163112,367],{"class":139},[62,163114,434],{"class":95},[1256,163116,163118],{"id":163117},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[53,163120,163122],{"className":55,"code":163121,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,163123,163124,163144,163164,163168,163193],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163125,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163127,80605],{"class":68},[62,163129,73],{"class":72},[62,163131,96],{"class":95},[62,163133,100],{"class":99},[62,163135,103],{"class":95},[62,163137,106],{"class":99},[62,163139,103],{"class":95},[62,163141,111],{"class":99},[62,163143,114],{"class":95},[62,163145,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163147,80626],{"class":68},[62,163149,73],{"class":72},[62,163151,96],{"class":95},[62,163153,100],{"class":99},[62,163155,103],{"class":95},[62,163157,9479],{"class":99},[62,163159,103],{"class":95},[62,163161,111],{"class":99},[62,163163,114],{"class":95},[62,163165,163166],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,163167,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,163169,163170,163172,163174,163176,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,163171,6154],{"class":729},[62,163173,56832],{"class":68},[62,163175,103],{"class":95},[62,163177,163178],{"class":68}," b ",[62,163180,4082],{"class":729},[62,163182,161522],{"class":127},[62,163184,131],{"class":95},[62,163186,111697],{"class":139},[62,163188,103],{"class":95},[62,163190,80669],{"class":139},[62,163192,8521],{"class":95},[62,163194,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,163196,754],{"class":127},[62,163198,131],{"class":95},[62,163200,2758],{"class":139},[62,163202,4888],{"class":72},[62,163204,2763],{"class":139},[62,163206,434],{"class":95},[14,163208,2282],{},[53,163210,163212],{"className":55,"code":163211,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,163213,163214,163218,163222],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163215,163216],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163217,4179],{"class":1618},[62,163219,163220],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163221,4240],{"class":1618},[62,163223,163224],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,163225,4179],{"class":1618},[1256,163227,163229],{"id":163228},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[53,163231,163233],{"className":55,"code":163232,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,163234,163235,163270,163293,163297,163324],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163236,163237,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254,163257,163259,163261,163263,163266,163268],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163238,163239],{"class":68},"products ",[62,163241,73],{"class":72},[62,163243,96],{"class":95},[62,163245,259],{"class":76},[62,163247,25301],{"class":80},[62,163249,259],{"class":76},[62,163251,103],{"class":95},[62,163253,77],{"class":76},[62,163255,163256],{"class":80},"Pen",[62,163258,259],{"class":76},[62,163260,103],{"class":95},[62,163262,77],{"class":76},[62,163264,163265],{"class":80},"Bag",[62,163267,259],{"class":76},[62,163269,114],{"class":95},[62,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278,163281,163283,163286,163288,163291],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163273,82995],{"class":68},[62,163275,73],{"class":72},[62,163277,96],{"class":95},[62,163279,163280],{"class":99},"12.5",[62,163282,103],{"class":95},[62,163284,163285],{"class":99}," 1.2",[62,163287,103],{"class":95},[62,163289,163290],{"class":99}," 25.0",[62,163292,114],{"class":95},[62,163294,163295],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,163296,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,163298,163299,163301,163303,163305,163308,163310,163312,163314,163317,163319,163322],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,163300,6154],{"class":729},[62,163302,25362],{"class":68},[62,163304,103],{"class":95},[62,163306,163307],{"class":68}," price ",[62,163309,4082],{"class":729},[62,163311,161522],{"class":127},[62,163313,131],{"class":95},[62,163315,163316],{"class":139},"products",[62,163318,103],{"class":95},[62,163320,163321],{"class":139}," prices",[62,163323,8521],{"class":95},[62,163325,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163343,163345,163347,163349,163351],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,163327,754],{"class":127},[62,163329,131],{"class":95},[62,163331,22455],{"class":2276},[62,163333,259],{"class":80},[62,163335,9452],{"class":99},[62,163337,27170],{"class":139},[62,163339,22464],{"class":99},[62,163341,163342],{"class":80}," costs $",[62,163344,9452],{"class":99},[62,163346,25310],{"class":139},[62,163348,22464],{"class":99},[62,163350,259],{"class":80},[62,163352,434],{"class":95},[14,163354,36763,163355,409],{},[262,163356,163358],{"href":163357},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[48,163360,163362,163363],{"id":163361},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,163364,64266],{},[1256,163366,8631,163368,163370],{"id":163367},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163369,64266],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163372,163373,163375],{},[18,163374,64266],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163377,163378],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[53,163380,163382],{"className":55,"code":163381,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163383,163384],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163385,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163387,128],{"class":127},[62,163389,131],{"class":95},[62,163391,134],{"class":127},[62,163393,131],{"class":95},[62,163395,111697],{"class":139},[62,163397,9408],{"class":95},[62,163399,733],{"class":127},[62,163401,131],{"class":95},[62,163403,80892],{"class":139},[62,163405,1013],{"class":95},[1256,163407,163409],{"id":163408},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163411,68783],{},[53,163413,163415],{"className":55,"code":163414,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163416,163417,163453,163457,163470,163480,163484,163496],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163418,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437,163439,163441,163443,163445,163447,163449,163451],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163420,9390],{"class":68},[62,163422,73],{"class":72},[62,163424,161522],{"class":127},[62,163426,496],{"class":95},[62,163428,499],{"class":99},[62,163430,103],{"class":95},[62,163432,284],{"class":99},[62,163434,18225],{"class":95},[62,163436,96],{"class":95},[62,163438,259],{"class":76},[62,163440,262],{"class":80},[62,163442,259],{"class":76},[62,163444,103],{"class":95},[62,163446,77],{"class":76},[62,163448,277],{"class":80},[62,163450,259],{"class":76},[62,163452,4088],{"class":95},[62,163454,163455],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163456,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,163458,163459,163461,163463,163465,163468],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,163460,6154],{"class":729},[62,163462,6157],{"class":68},[62,163464,4082],{"class":729},[62,163466,163467],{"class":68}," pairs",[62,163469,749],{"class":95},[62,163471,163472,163474,163476,163478],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,163473,754],{"class":127},[62,163475,131],{"class":95},[62,163477,23470],{"class":139},[62,163479,434],{"class":95},[62,163481,163482],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,163483,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,163485,163486,163488,163490,163492,163494],{"class":64,"line":318},[62,163487,6154],{"class":729},[62,163489,6157],{"class":68},[62,163491,4082],{"class":729},[62,163493,163467],{"class":68},[62,163495,749],{"class":95},[62,163497,163498,163500,163502,163504],{"class":64,"line":337},[62,163499,754],{"class":127},[62,163501,131],{"class":95},[62,163503,23470],{"class":139},[62,163505,434],{"class":95},[14,163507,163508],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1256,163510,163512],{"id":163511},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163514,163515],{},"This is correct:",[53,163517,163519],{"className":55,"code":163518,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163520,163521,163545,163561,163565,163589],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163522,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163524,5194],{"class":68},[62,163526,73],{"class":72},[62,163528,96],{"class":95},[62,163530,259],{"class":76},[62,163532,1896],{"class":80},[62,163534,259],{"class":76},[62,163536,103],{"class":95},[62,163538,77],{"class":76},[62,163540,36103],{"class":80},[62,163542,259],{"class":76},[62,163544,114],{"class":95},[62,163546,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163548,969],{"class":68},[62,163550,73],{"class":72},[62,163552,96],{"class":95},[62,163554,13669],{"class":99},[62,163556,103],{"class":95},[62,163558,13674],{"class":99},[62,163560,114],{"class":95},[62,163562,163563],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,163564,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,163566,163567,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,163568,6154],{"class":729},[62,163570,36154],{"class":68},[62,163572,103],{"class":95},[62,163574,5303],{"class":68},[62,163576,4082],{"class":729},[62,163578,161522],{"class":127},[62,163580,131],{"class":95},[62,163582,5237],{"class":139},[62,163584,103],{"class":95},[62,163586,5308],{"class":139},[62,163588,8521],{"class":95},[62,163590,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601],{"class":64,"line":150},[62,163592,754],{"class":127},[62,163594,131],{"class":95},[62,163596,329],{"class":139},[62,163598,103],{"class":95},[62,163600,130810],{"class":139},[62,163602,434],{"class":95},[14,163604,163605],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[53,163607,163609],{"className":55,"code":163608,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163610,163611,163631],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163612,163613,163615,163617,163619,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163614,6154],{"class":729},[62,163616,6157],{"class":68},[62,163618,4082],{"class":729},[62,163620,161522],{"class":127},[62,163622,131],{"class":95},[62,163624,5237],{"class":139},[62,163626,103],{"class":95},[62,163628,5308],{"class":139},[62,163630,8521],{"class":95},[62,163632,163633,163635,163637,163639],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163634,754],{"class":127},[62,163636,131],{"class":95},[62,163638,23470],{"class":139},[62,163640,434],{"class":95},[14,163642,2282],{},[53,163644,163646],{"className":55,"code":163645,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163647,163648,163664],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163649,163650,163652,163654,163656,163658,163660,163662],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163651,131],{"class":95},[62,163653,3503],{"class":76},[62,163655,1896],{"class":80},[62,163657,3503],{"class":76},[62,163659,103],{"class":95},[62,163661,20061],{"class":99},[62,163663,434],{"class":95},[62,163665,163666,163668,163670,163672,163674,163676,163678],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163667,131],{"class":95},[62,163669,3503],{"class":76},[62,163671,36103],{"class":80},[62,163673,3503],{"class":76},[62,163675,103],{"class":95},[62,163677,13674],{"class":99},[62,163679,434],{"class":95},[14,163681,163682],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1256,163684,1834,163686,163688,163689],{"id":163685},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163687,64266],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163690,35911],{},[14,163692,169,163693,163695],{},[18,163694,64266],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163697,169,163698,163700],{},[18,163699,35911],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[53,163702,163703],{"className":55,"code":36080,"language":57,"meta":58,"style":58},[18,163704,163705,163737,163741,163761],{"__ignoreMap":58},[62,163706,163707,163709,163711,163713,163715,163717,163719,163721,163723,163725,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735],{"class":64,"line":65},[62,163708,5194],{"class":68},[62,163710,73],{"class":72},[62,163712,96],{"class":95},[62,163714,259],{"class":76},[62,163716,1896],{"class":80},[62,163718,259],{"class":76},[62,163720,103],{"class":95},[62,163722,77],{"class":76},[62,163724,36103],{"class":80},[62,163726,259],{"class":76},[62,163728,103],{"class":95},[62,163730,77],{"class":76},[62,163732,36112],{"class":80},[62,163734,259],{"class":76},[62,163736,114],{"class":95},[62,163738,163739],{"class":64,"line":87},[62,163740,121],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":120},[62,163742,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753,163755,163757,163759],{"class":64,"line":117},[62,163744,6154],{"class":729},[62,163746,35983],{"class":68},[62,163748,103],{"class":95},[62,163750,36131],{"class":68},[62,163752,4082],{"class":729},[62,163754,35993],{"class":127},[62,163756,131],{"class":95},[62,163758,5237],{"class":139},[62,163760,8521],{"class":95},[62,163762,163763,163765,163767,163769,163771,163773],{"class":64,"line":124},[62,163764,754],{"class":127},[62,163766,131],{"class":95},[62,163768,36008],{"class":139},[62,163770,103],{"class":95},[62,163772,36154],{"class":139},[62,163774,434],{"class":95},[14,163776,163777,163778,409],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[262,163779,3779,163780,3712],{"href":91970},[18,163781,35911],{},[48,163783,1987],{"id":1986},[1256,163785,5340,163787,5343],{"id":163786},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163788,64266],{},[14,163790,163791],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1256,163793,12875,163795,163797],{"id":163794},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163796,64266],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163799,163800],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1256,163802,163804,163805,632],{"id":163803},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163806,64266],{},[14,163808,163809,163810,409],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163811,162417],{},[1256,163813,163815,163816,632],{"id":163814},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163817,64266],{},[14,163819,128175,163820,163822],{},[18,163821,162570],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1256,163824,163826],{"id":163825},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163828,163829],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[48,163831,2109],{"id":2108},[29,163833,163834,163839,163845,163849,163853],{},[32,163835,163836],{},[262,163837,163838],{"href":163357},"How to use zip in Python",[32,163840,163841],{},[262,163842,3779,163843,3712],{"href":91970},[18,163844,35911],{},[32,163846,163847],{},[262,163848,5415],{"href":5782},[32,163850,163851],{},[262,163852,69636],{"href":69559},[32,163854,163855],{},[262,163856,32422],{"href":31247},[2145,163858,163859],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":58,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":163861},[163862,163863,163865,163866,163867,163868,163876,163882,163891,163902],{"id":50,"depth":87,"text":51},{"id":161581,"depth":87,"text":163864},"What zip() does",{"id":412,"depth":87,"text":413},{"id":161974,"depth":87,"text":161975},{"id":162151,"depth":87,"text":162152},{"id":162403,"depth":87,"text":163869,"children":163870},"Converting zip() output",[163871,163873,163875],{"id":162414,"depth":117,"text":163872},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162567,"depth":117,"text":163874},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162737,"depth":117,"text":162738},{"id":1248,"depth":87,"text":1249,"children":163877},[163878,163879,163880,163881],{"id":162899,"depth":117,"text":162900},{"id":163016,"depth":117,"text":163017},{"id":163117,"depth":117,"text":163118},{"id":163228,"depth":117,"text":163229},{"id":163361,"depth":87,"text":163883,"children":163884},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163885,163887,163888,163889],{"id":163367,"depth":117,"text":163886},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163408,"depth":117,"text":163409},{"id":163511,"depth":117,"text":163512},{"id":163685,"depth":117,"text":163890},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1986,"depth":87,"text":1987,"children":163892},[163893,163895,163897,163899,163901],{"id":163786,"depth":117,"text":163894},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163794,"depth":117,"text":163896},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163803,"depth":117,"text":163898},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163814,"depth":117,"text":163900},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163825,"depth":117,"text":163826},{"id":2108,"depth":87,"text":2109},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161423,"description":163903},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945033536]